Appendix D 

Draft Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study 

Alternatives Analysis Report

In coordination with Oklahoma DOT

 

Alternatives Analysis 

Report - Draft Prepared by CH2M HILL

November 11, 2014

TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page iii

Contents

1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.1 Report Structure........................................................................................................1-1

2.0 Development of Initial Range of Alternatives .................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Development of Initial Range of Route Alternatives...............................................2-1

2.2 Description of Route Alternatives ............................................................................2-2

2.3 Feasibility Screening of Initial Range of Route Alternatives ..................................2-4

2.4 Continued Alternatives Development and Evaluation............................................2-5

3.0 Initial Ridership Evaluation ................................................................................................ 3-1

3.1 Ridership Evaluation Objectives ..............................................................................3-1

3.2 Ridership Metrics ......................................................................................................3-2

Ridership..................................................................................................... 3-2

Capital Cost................................................................................................. 3-2

Revenue/Operating Cost Ratio.................................................................. 3-3

Reduce Travel Times .................................................................................. 3-3

Enhance Mode Share on Rail .................................................................... 3-3

Capital Cost per Passenger Mile ............................................................... 3-3

3.3 The CONNECT Model ................................................................................................3-3

3.4 Ridership-related Criteria Evaluation Methodology ................................................3-4

Ridership..................................................................................................... 3-4

Capital Cost................................................................................................. 3-4

Revenue/Operating Cost Ratio.................................................................. 3-5

Reduce Travel Times .................................................................................. 3-5

Enhance Mode Share on Rail .................................................................... 3-5

Capital Cost per Passenger Mile ............................................................... 3-5

3.5 Comparison of Route Alternatives using Ridership-related Criteria......................3-5

3.6 Analysis of Results ................................................................................................. 3-11

4.0 Preliminary Station Location and Transit Connections Evaluation .................................. 4-1

4.1 Methodology..............................................................................................................4-1

4.2 Potential Transit Connections and Station Locations ............................................4-1

Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth .................... 4-1

Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio........................... 4-3

Southern Section: San Antonio to south Texas ........................................ 4-4

4.3 Summary of Evaluation Results...............................................................................4-6

Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth .................... 4-7

Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio........................... 4-7

Southern Section: San Antonio to south Texas ......................................4-10

5.0 Route Alternatives Analysis ............................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Route Alternatives Carried Forward into Route Alternatives Analysis...................5-1

Northern Section Route Alternatives......................................................... 5-1
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page iv

Central Section Route Alternatives ........................................................... 5-3

Southern Section Alternatives ................................................................... 5-3

5.2 Route Alternatives Analysis Criteria and Methodology...........................................5-4

5.3 Route Alternatives Analysis Results ........................................................................5-7

Northern Section ........................................................................................ 5-7

Central Section ........................................................................................... 5-7

Southern Section........................................................................................ 5-7

6.0 Preliminary Service Schedule and Initial Operations Plan Evaluation ............................. 6-1

6.1 Key Components and Objectives .............................................................................6-1

6.2 Northern Section.......................................................................................................6-1

Service Plan ................................................................................................ 6-1

Preliminary Station Stopping Patterns...................................................... 6-2

Train Frequency and Consist ..................................................................... 6-2

6.3 Central Section (C4A, C4B and C4C) .......................................................................6-2

Service Plan – C4A Higher Speed ............................................................. 6-3

Service Plan – C4B Higher Speed ............................................................. 6-4

Service Plan – C4A True High-Speed ........................................................ 6-5

Service Plan – C4B True High-Speed........................................................ 6-5

Service Plan – C4C True High-Speed........................................................ 6-6

Service Plan – C4C Higher Speed ............................................................. 6-7

6.4 Southern Section (S6 and S4) .................................................................................6-8

Service Plan – S6 Higher Speed................................................................ 6-8

Service Plan – S6 True High-Speed .......................................................... 6-9

Service Plan – S4 Higher-Speed..............................................................6-10

6.5 Potential Inter-Section Train Service Schedule/Operations ............................... 6-11

Northern-Central Inter-Section Service Opportunities ...........................6-11

Central-Southern Inter-Section Service Opportunities...........................6-11

7.0 Railroad Support Facilities ................................................................................................. 7-1

8.0 Railroad Simulation and Capacity Mitigation .................................................................... 8-1

9.0 Highway Crossings and Grade Separations ...................................................................... 9-1

9.1 Methodology..............................................................................................................9-1

Existing Grade Crossings ........................................................................... 9-2

Proposed Greenfield Alignments............................................................... 9-3

9.2 Summary of Results..................................................................................................9-4

Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth .................... 9-4

Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio........................... 9-5

9.3 Southern Section: San Antonio to South Texas ......................................................9-6

Alternative S4 (HrSR) ................................................................................. 9-6

Alternative S6 (HrSR and HSR).................................................................. 9-6
TBG071514033405SDO 

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014 

Alternatives Analysis Report Page v 

10.0 Summary of Public Outreach and Feedback................................................................... 10-1

10.1 Pubic Open House Meetings ................................................................................. 10-1

Notice ........................................................................................................ 10-1

Online Public Meeting .............................................................................. 10-2

Comments Collected ................................................................................ 10-2

10.2 Stations, Alignments, and Extensions .................................................................. 10-2

10.3 Service and Multi-Modal Connections .................................................................. 10-3

10.4 Environmental Issues ............................................................................................ 10-3

10.5 Stakeholder Meetings ............................................................................................ 10-3

10.6 Incorporation of Public Input into the Alternatives Analysis ............................... 10-4

11.0 Initial Cost Estimates ....................................................................................................... 11-1

12.0 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 12-2

List of Figures 

Figure 2-1: Route Alternatives Considered in Feasibility Analysis ....................................................... 2-3

Figure 2-2: Screened Route Alternatives .............................................................................................. 2-6

Figure 5-1: Route Alternatives Carried Forward into the Route Alternative Analysis ......................... 5-2

Figure 5-2: Route Alternatives and Options Recommended for Evaluation in the EIS ...................... 5-8

Figure 8-1: Model Output Schematic Example ..................................................................................... 8-2

Figure 12-1: Route Alternatives and Options Recommended for Evaluation in the EIS ................. 12-3

List of Tables 

Table 3-1: TOPRS Purpose and Need Elements Addressed by Ridership Estimates ......................... 3-1

Table 3-2: Route Alternatives Analysis Criteria Incorporating Ridership Estimates ........................... 3-2

Table 3-3: Color-coding Thresholds for Relevant Assessment Criteria ............................................... 3-6

Table 3-4: Northern Section – Ridership-related Criteria ..................................................................... 3-7

Table 3-5: Central Section – Ridership-related Criteria ....................................................................... 3-8

Table 3-6: Southern Section without Monterrey Extension – Ridership-related Criteria ................... 3-9

Table 3-7: Southern Section with Monterrey Extension – Ridership-related Criteria ...................... 3-10

Table 4-1: Existing Transit and Stations – Northern Section ............................................................... 4-2

Table 4-2: Existing Transit and Stations – Central Section .................................................................. 4-3

Table 4-3: Existing Transit and Stations – Southern Section .............................................................. 4-5

Table 5-1: Route Alternatives Analysis Criteria ..................................................................................... 5-4

Table 9-1: Highway Grade Crossings Requirements and Criteria........................................................ 9-2

Table 9-2: Highway Crossings and Grade Separations Summary ....................................................... 9-4

Table 11-1a: Initial Cost Estimates ..................................................................................................... 11-2

Table 11-1b: Initial Cost Estimates ..................................................................................................... 11-5

Table 11-1c: Initial Cost Estimates, TOPRS Track Estimates ............................................................ 11-7

TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 1-1

1.0 Introduction 

This report builds upon all of the previous major analysis work performed in this corridor, including 

a range of routing alignments and service-level alternative evaluations covering the entire corridor 

study area. After the completion of the Route Alternatives Analysis, which included an evaluation of 

the NEPA Service-level EIS scoping process, 12 initial route alternatives, four in each of the three 

geographic segments (defined below), were identified that would provide additional or new 

passenger rail service between Oklahoma City and south Texas. Each initial alternative included 

both a proposed route, some with minor route options, and two of three possible service-level 

operating features: conventional (emerging), higher speed rail (regional), or high-speed rail (core 

express) service. The geographic segments, which have significantly different population and travel 

characteristics, were defined as follows: 

 Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth 

 Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio

 Southern Section: San Antonio to south Texas. 

In addition, the Northern Section of the Program Corridor was extended north of Oklahoma City to 

Edmond, Okla., based on preliminary ridership information and stakeholder input. In the Southern 

Section, based on stakeholder input at Laredo and Harlingen, an option was added to extend the 

southern end of the Program Corridor across the U.S.-Mexico border to Monterrey, Mexico, to 

capture significant ridership generators. In the case of service to Monterrey, the evaluation 

considered the effect of ridership generated by potential extensions to Monterrey but not the route 

impact.

1.1 Report Structure 

This report provides additional support for the alternatives analysis and evaluation processes 

adding specifically to the Final Route Alternatives Analysis Technical Memorandum (CH2M HILL; 

June 23, 2014). To build upon the previous and continuing efforts a summary of multiple and 

contributing disciplines is provided, each with both discrete and inter-related applicability to the 

alternatives analysis efforts. The evaluation and analysis efforts are reflected in the following 

summary sections:

Development of Initial Range of Alternatives – Using the iterative process associated with early 

alternatives development the focus was on generating, assessing, and refining potential 

alternatives for further consideration.

Route Alternatives Evaluation – Conduct a fatal flaw analysis of the initial alternatives based on 

fulfilling the purpose and need, consistency with local and regional objectives and policies, cost 

estimation, potentially unmitigable environmental impacts, community/agency support, interest, or 

opposition, and technical feasibility.

Initial Ridership Evaluation – Performing early evaluations the objective was to obtain rough order 

of magnitude ridership estimates sufficient to screen the initially developed alternatives through an 

approximate assessment of their demand and revenue levels.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 1-2

Preliminary Station Location Evaluation – Based on initial ridership estimates, connectivity options, 

and GIS information and evaluation of broad-level station locations with a focus on accessibility and 

mobility, as well as engineering and urban planning feasibility criteria was conducted.

Preliminary Service Schedule and Initial Operations Plan – Maintaining a wide range of alternatives, 

screening-level evaluations/trade-offs among the critical elements, including frequency, speed, 

infrastructure investment and alternatives, support facilities, ridership, and schedule was 

developed.

Railroad Support Facilities – Understanding the interrelationships and dependencies, the objective 

was to develop a list of existing railroad support facilities for potential use in support, and identify 

potential locations where new facilities would be needed.

Railroad Simulation and Capacity Mitigation – Using a planning level model with track 

configuration, grade, curves, and speed restrictions focus on facilitating the capacity representation 

and generate the ability to provide a measure of aggregate and individual segment performances 

(average speed and hours of delay by train type and railroad).

Evaluation of Highway Crossings and Grade Separations – Based on the alternative alignments 

identified evaluate each in terms of highway crossing implications, including characterizing crossing 

roadway volumes and train frequencies, as well as engineering requirements associated with 

horizontal and vertical alignments.

Initial Capital Cost Estimates – Using a rough order of magnitude prepare a cost estimate of the 

initial alternatives based upon aggregated per-mile unit rates, and GIS level data for the corridor.

Public Outreach and Feedback – Develop a Public Involvement Plan (PIP) for use throughout all 

phases of the project development process. The PIP was and will be tailored to key stakeholders, 

affected communities, and representatives of potential environmental justice populations, and will 

include interviews, a website, printed materials, media outreach, meeting and briefings, and public 

open houses. All designed to fulfil procedural and regulatory requirements during the project’s 

decision making processes.

Working from this range of contributing elements, the analysis and evaluation conducted, and the 

corresponding summaries, the results of the Alternatives Analysis Report will be provided in a 

summary conclusion section. This report with also contribute to the comprehensive project 

development process and will be incorporated into the EIS in support of the alternative selection 

efforts.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 2-1

2.0 Development of Initial Range of Alternatives 

The purpose of the initial range of alternatives development and evaluation process was to identify 

a wide range of potential alternatives that could provide additional or new passenger rail service 

between Oklahoma City and south Texas, and then be included for further consideration in the 

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study (TOPRS). This process also included an initial feasibility and 

fatal flaw analysis to determine the set of alternatives to be carried forward into the Route 

Alternatives Analysis (CH2M HILL 2013). The development of the initial range of alternatives is 

described in detail in the Initial Development of Alternatives Technical Memorandum (CH2M HILL 

2013).

This section includes a description of the development of the alternatives included in the initial 

range of alternatives, the process involved in feasibility screening, and the results of the screening.

2.1 Development of Initial Range of Route Alternatives 

The initial range of TOPRS route alternatives were based on three basic transportation networks 

that could be suitable for passenger rail operations: 1) the existing railroad network, 2) the existing 

interstate highway network, and 3) potential greenfield corridors. 

Existing Railroad Network - Freight and passenger railroads in the study corridor are generally 

suitable for three types of intercity passenger rail use, shared track, shared right-of-way, and shared 

corridors. With shared track, passenger trains would interoperate with existing and proposed 

freight and commuter trains on existing, upgraded, and new tracks at speeds up to 90 mph. With 

shared right-of-way, intercity passenger trains would use their own tracks constructed along with 

existing and upgraded tracks for other uses in the same right-of-way at speeds up to 125 mph. With 

shared corridors, intercity passenger trains would use their own tracks constructed alongside the 

existing railroad corridors, and speeds could be faster than 125 mph depending on separation 

distance from other railroad operations and the civil alignment curve limiting speeds and the 

presence of any grade crossings.

Existing Interstate Highway Network - Two different route alternative concepts were developed 

following the Interstate 35 and 37 corridors, which parallel the Study corridor, a median-running 

right-of-way and a side-running right-of-way. The median running right-of-way would locate an 

intercity passenger rail line in the center of the roadway. This scenario has the benefit of allowing 

shared use of existing grade separations, but limits expansion of future roadway lanes and 

complicates maintenance and operations of both systems. The side-running right-of way, which 

would locate intercity passenger rail between the main driving lanes and frontage road or right-ofway fence, would complicate the design of highway on and off-ramps. Maximum rail speeds in both 

scenarios would also be limited to the engineered speed of the roadway. Due to urban median and 

right-of-way limitations, routes along interstate highways would use existing rail corridors to enter 

major cities.

Greenfield Corridors - The most flexible concept would involve constructing a new high speed 

passenger rail route capable of 220 mph maximum speed. Greenfield corridors may only be 

suitable outside of metropolitan areas and intercity passenger rail service may have to use other 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 2-2

corridors described above to enter and leave downtown areas. Greenfield corridors typically have 

more environmental concerns than existing railroad or highway corridors.

2.2 Description of Route Alternatives 

Each initial alternative included both a proposed route, and two of three possible service-level 

operating features: conventional (emerging), higher speed rail (regional), or high-speed rail (core 

express) service. Alternatives were developed for each of the Study geographic segments, which 

have significantly different population and travel characteristics. These initial alternatives are 

shown in Figure 2-1, taken from the Initial Development of Alternatives Technical Memorandum.

Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth – Four routes, beginning in Edmond, OK 

and continuing south to Ft. Worth were developed in the Northern Section, N1, N2, N3, and N4. N1 

runs on a local railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad south through Chickasha and Bowie and on 

to Ft. Worth. N2 follows the BNSF railway south to Norman, OK, transitions to a greenfield 

alignment which continues south to Krum, TX, then follows BNSF to Ft. Worth and the KCS to Dallas 

Union Station (DUS). N3 follows the BNSF Railway south to Norman, OK, transitions to the IH-35 

alignment continuing south to Krum, TX, then follows BNSF to Ft. Worth and the KCS to DUS. N4 

runs on the BNSF Railway south to Ft. Worth then runs on the Trinity Rail Express (TRE) to DUS.

Metroplex: Connecting Dallas and Ft Worth (northern and central sections) – The northern and 

central section alternatives will serve both Dallas and Ft. Worth using one of three east-west routes 

between the Ft. Worth Intermodal Transportation Center (ITC) and DUS: M1, M2, or M3. M1 runs 

on the TRE with optional loops to the DFW airport and the Arlington entertainment district. M2 runs

on a proposed aerial structure above the median of IH-30 with an intermediate stop in Arlington. 

M3 begins at Ft. Worth ITC then crosses Tower 55 to enter the Union Pacific Railroad and runs on it 

to DUS with an intermediate stop at Arlington.

Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio – Four routes, beginning in the Dallas/Ft 

Worth Area and continuing south to San Antonio, TX were developed in the Central Section, C1, C2,

C3, and C4. C1 runs on the BNSF Railway south from Ft Worth to Temple, then continues south 

running on the Union Pacific to Taylor, Austin and San Antonio. C2 runs on the Union Pacific south 

from Ft Worth to Hillsboro, and also provides service from Dallas by running south on the BNSF and 

then a restored disused line to Hillsboro. From Hillsboro, C2 continues south by running on the 

Union Pacific through Waco to Taylor, then it enters a greenfield alignment to the Austin Airport 

before transitioning back on to the Union Pacific to enter San Antonio. C3 follows the Union Pacific 

south from Ft. Worth to Burleson, where it transitions to the IH-35W alignment. The Dallas section 

follows the BNSF south to Red Oak where it transitions to the IH-35E alignment. They combine at 

Hillsboro to follow the IH-35 alignment south to San Antonio. C4 has three sub-alternatives. C4A 

begins at Ft. Worth and follows the Trinity Rail Express (TRE) to Dallas then transitions to a 

greenfield alignment roughly paralleling the BNSF and IH-35E to Hillsboro where it continues 

roughly paralleling the Union Pacific on a greenfield alignment to Taylor where it joins the greenfield

alignment described in C2 above to San Antonio. C4B starts in both Ft. Worth and Dallas following 

a greenfield corridor along IH-30 to Arlington where the lines merge and continue south roughly 

along SR-360 to Hillsboro and then follow the C4A route to San Antonio. C4C is a loop route where 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 2-3

Figure 2-1: Route Alternatives Considered in Feasibility Analysis
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 2-4

trains would travel north from San Antonio along the C4A route to Hillsboro and then roughly follow 

the Union Pacific on a greenfield alignment to Ft. Worth, then run on the TRE to Dallas and then 

return south following the C4A alignment.

Southern Section: San Antonio to south Texas – Five routes, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, were originally 

developed beginning in San Antonio and ending in south Texas cities. S1 follows IH-35 southwest to 

Orvil, where it transitions to the Union Pacific for entry into Laredo. S2 runs on the Union Pacific 

southwest from San Antonio to Laredo. S3 follows the Union Pacific to Pleasanton, where it 

transitions to the IH-37 right-of-way to Corpus Christi. S4 follows the Union Pacific to Mikeska, 

where it would enter a greenfield right-of-way to Alice. In Alice, S4 divides into three sections, one 

following the KCS Railway then a greenfield alignment to Laredo, the second follows an abandoned 

railroad alignment south to McAllen, and the third would travel east along the KCS Railway to 

Corpus Christi. S5 would run on the Union Pacific to Odem, Corpus Christie, and Brownsville. 

Alternatives S1, S2, S4, and S5 could have the option of continuing south to Monterrey, Mexico. 

Subsequent to the route development, TxDOT was approached at one the South Texas public 

meetings on the TOPRS project and asked to consider another direct San Antonio – Laredo –

Monterrey alignment that would cross the border near the Camino-Columbia bridge, about 20 miles 

northwest of Laredo, and would connect to a newly planned Mexican rail line that was just 

approved. This line, although originally planned for freight, could also host higher and high speed 

alignments in Mexico from the border to Monterrey. This alternative was added and designated S6. 

2.3 Feasibility Screening of Initial Range of Route Alternatives 

Routes were initially screened to determine overall feasibility by considering the following:

 Findings from the Oklahoma City to South Texas Infrastructure Analysis (Texas Department of 

Transportation [TxDOT] 2013a)

 Consent of railroads to continue studying routes that required use of existing railroad rights-ofway

The Oklahoma City to South Texas Infrastructure Analysis is a 2013 study of the possibility of 

operating high-speed or higher speed rail in the rights-of-ways of interstate highways within the 

Study area. The findings in this report established that interstate highways are designed with curve 

radii that are too small for high or higher speed railroad operation, that railroad vertical clearance 

needs are often higher than highway clearances at existing overpasses, and that many operational 

limitations of both highways and railroads make shared rights-of-way problematic for all but short 

stretches of a new rail alignment.

The following routes were eliminated from further consideration because they use a shared 

highway right-of-way for most of their length:

 N3 (uses IH-35) 

 C3 (uses IH-35)

 S1 (uses IH-35)

 S3 (uses IH-37)
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 2-5

A segment option between Dallas and Fort Worth included the possible use of Union Pacific 

Railroad (UPRR) track. During subsequent stakeholder meetings, UPRR advised TxDOT that they 

would not consider adding new intercity passenger trains to this corridor so that segment option, 

M3, was removed from the study.

The route alternatives eliminated from further consideration are shown in grey in Figure 2-2. A 

segment option for high-speed service over IH-30 between Dallas and Fort Worth was retained 

because although it uses a highway corridor, the Central Texas Council of Governments advised 

that they have reserved space on the highway for an elevated high-speed railway alignment (CH2M 

HILL, 2012) and requested that it be included in the study.

2.4 Continued Alternatives Development and Evaluation 

Subsequent to the initial alternatives development and evaluation processes additional alternatives 

in each of the three defined segments have been identified, defined and considered for further 

evaluation. These new alternatives were created in concert with and in response to the screening 

processes and they represent additional options for providing the passenger rail connections 

across the corridor.

Northern Section, All alternatives extended to Edmond, OK

Central Section, Alternative C4C added with higher speed and high-speed service

Southern Section, Alternative S4 extended from McAllen to Brownsville and Alternative S6 added 

with higher speed and high-speed service
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 2-6

Figure 2-2: Screened Route Alternatives
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-1

3.0 Initial Ridership Evaluation 

The purpose of this evaluation was to create a comparison between route alternatives based on 

initial ridership estimates and related ticket revenue. The Ridership estimates are a component of 

a number of the criteria evaluated in the Route Alternatives analysis. In addition to ridership and 

ticket revenue, ridership is incorporated into estimates of capital cost, reduction in travel time 

(compared to cars), and rail mode share. Ridership estimates were calculated using FRA’s 

CONNECT Model, a high-level rail modelling tool.

This section includes a description of the methodology used to evaluate ridership-related criteria, 

presents tables including the results of the ridership evaluation, and explains how the results relate 

to the project Purpose and Need. In addition, the methods used to evaluate ridership-related 

criteria used in the Routes Alternative Analysis are discussed, and the resulting values are listed.

3.1 Ridership Evaluation Objectives 

The ridership analysis helped to determine the extent to which the route alignments and service 

types considered in the Route Alternatives Analysis support several of the Study’s Purpose and 

Need elements (Table 3-1).

Table 3-1: TOPRS Purpose and Need Elements Addressed by Ridership Estimates

No. Elements of Purpose and Need 

Purpose 

Overall

To enhance intercity mobility by providing new, improved, and, where feasible, high-speed 

passenger rail service as a transportation alternative that is competitive with automobile,

bus, and/or air travel.

P1

Provide infrastructure for a high-quality intercity rail service that will reduce travel times, 

increase schedule reliability, and increase traveler comfort.

P3

Provide an equitable and affordable intercity travel alternative to automobile, bus, and air 

service.

P6 Enhance interregional access to employment, entertainment, recreation, health, and 

shopping opportunities for existing and future residents in the Program corridor.

P8

Be a cost-efficient investment where the projected train service revenue meets or exceeds 

operations and maintenance costs, based on service level.

Need 

N1

Population and economic growth will increase travel demand, generate additional 

congestion, and reduce automobile and transit reliability and thereby require regional 

mobility alternatives.

N2 Limited intercity passenger rail service and capacity restrict both mobility and economic 

development.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-2

3.2 Ridership Metrics 

Criteria were developed as part of the TOPRS Route Alternatives Analysis to support each of the 

Purpose and Need elements. The following table (Table 3-2) summarizes the Route Alternative 

Analysis criteria that were based all or in part on ridership estimates, and indicates which of the 

Purpose and Need elements is supported by each. A description of each of the criteria is included 

below.

Table 3-2: Route Alternatives Analysis Criteria Incorporating Ridership Estimates

Route 

Alternatives 

Analysis 

Criterion No. 

Criterion Units Data 

Source 

Associated 

Purpose/Ne

ed 

2 Ridership Annual passenger trips CONNECT P3, P6, N1, N2

4 Capital Cost USD 2010

CONNECT with 

local data

P8

5

Revenue / Operating 

Cost Ratio

% CONNECT P8

6 Reduce Travel Times Savings compared to 

automobile in minutes

CONNECT P1, P6

7

Enhance Mode Share 

on Rail

% rail mode share CONNECT P6, N1

8 Capital Cost per 

Passenger-Mile USD 2010/pax-mi

CONNECT with 

local data

P8

Ridership 

Ridership is an important metric for the operational, financial and environmental evaluation of 

project alternatives. Ridership estimates guide many design and operational decisions, such as 

service frequencies, train lengths, stopping patterns and station and platform capacities. If a rail 

service is affordable, it will attract high ridership and distribute its benefits to passengers of all 

economic levels. Ridership also provides the basis for evaluating many wider economic and 

environmental impacts, such as consumer surplus, emissions reductions and congestion relief. 

Capital Cost 

For this metric, capital cost is compared to the overall benefits of the project to assess its costefficiency. The trade-off between capital cost and service quality is a central theme throughout the 

alternatives analysis, and capital cost is discussed in Section 11.0 of this report, Initial Cost 

Estimates. Greenfield alignments, for example, can permit higher speeds with less or no 

interruption from freight, but are more costly than using existing railway alignments.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-3

Revenue/Operating Cost Ratio 

The revenue/operating cost ratio is a critical measure of financial performance. Any service with a 

ratio below one will require an operating subsidy, which may be difficult to secure. On the other 

hand, alternatives with a ratio above one would produce a profit that could help at least partially 

finance the capital costs.

Reduce Travel Times 

Reduced travel times are used directly to determine economic benefits, but also serve as an 

indicator of the competitiveness of the proposed service.

Enhance Mode Share on Rail 

Enhanced mode share on rail offers an indication of market penetration, and helps assess the 

environmental impact and fulfilment of purpose P3 of the alternatives considered.

Capital Cost per Passenger Mile 

Capital cost per passenger mile normalizes the capital cost so that alternatives can be compared 

more directly. For example, a longer alignment such as S4 may be costlier than S6, but may 

generate greater benefits by serving more people.

3.3 The CONNECT Model 

Many of the screening criteria variables were estimated using FRA’s CONNECT model. CONNECT is 

a tool that enables regional high-speed intercity passenger rail (HSIPR) sketch-level planning in the 

context of a user-defined network. Consistent with the current stage and service level of analysis of 

this project, the tool is intended for use at the outset of the planning process, before detailed 

alignments and operational plans are developed. CONNECT can support the analysis of multiple 

network configurations in study areas with multiple MSAs and compare the relative operational and 

financial performance of different configuration and service plan scenarios. CONNECT is not a 

substitute for detailed corridor planning models; however in the early stages of the planning 

process, it can efficiently screen a larger number of high-level alternatives, helping to select a 

limited number of more compelling ones to carry into a more detailed analysis.

CONNECT’s approach to forecasting the potential ridership of a proposed HSIPR service comprises 

three broad stages. In the first stage, the total intercity travel market is estimated for each existing 

mode. In the second stage, CONNECT estimates the number of trips that would be diverted to the 

proposed HSIPR service from each of the existing modes. Finally, induced ridership is also 

calculated explicitly in CONNECT. Most results are reported at the origin-destination (O-D) level, 

with some outputs aggregated further to the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), corridor and 

network levels. All outputs are reported by CONNECT in ranges, to avoid implying more precision 

than is appropriate. For purposes of this analysis and to support the comparative evaluation 

amongst alternatives, the median ridership value is reported.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-4

3.4 Ridership-related Criteria Evaluation Methodology 

Each of the criteria used in the Route Alternatives Analysis that was dependent on ridership 

estimates is listed below. The methodology and assumptions used for evaluating each is also 

described. All estimates are based on a reference year of 2010.

Ridership 

Ridership is the number of passengers that travel on any part of the section, assuming that the 

other two sections are also implemented. The default routes and service levels for the sections 

outside of the section being analysed were kept constant; for example, when evaluating ridership 

for a Northern section alternative, an assumed route and service level was used for each of the 

Central and Southern sections to represent the remainder of the rail system. The routes and 

service levels used for this purpose were based on the initial alternatives and were as follows:

 Northern: N4 route/Conventional service/4 daily roundtrips

 Central: C3A/C3B route/High speed rail/16 daily roundtrips

 Southern: S2 route/Conventional service/4 daily roundtrips + S5 route/Conventional service/4 

daily roundtrips

There is an important distinction that should be acknowledged regarding the initial alternatives. 

Because the CONNECT ridership forecasts were prepared prior to the route alternatives evaluation 

(and prior to the recommendations in this report to eliminate some routes from further 

consideration), the evaluation process includes some routes and service levels that were not 

carried forward for further consideration. Consequently, these ridership forecasts should be used 

as relative indicators in support of alternatives comparison within a section and not as a refined 

estimate of ridership across the system. Refined ridership estimates for each retained alternative 

will be required and developed to support analysis for the subsequent EIS-phase of the Study using 

a detailed corridor-specific demand forecasting model.

Capital Cost 

Ridership values were used to estimate the capital cost for each alignment and service level by 

applying the CONNECT tool to substantive alignment and certain cost inputs. CONNECT can 

estimate capital costs from basic operational inputs using unit costs derived from domestic and

international averages, but can also accommodate more detailed input data for specific sections of 

the corridor. Other factors were also considered for the initial capital cost evaluation, and these are 

discussed in Section 11.0 of this report, Initial Cost Estimates. However, to estimate capital cost

using the CONNECT model, a profile was developed for each section under consideration based on 

the following criteria:

 New track vs. existing track

 Public right-of-way vs. new acquisition (urban) vs. new acquisition (rural)

 Low vs. medium vs. high freight density

 Good vs. medium vs. poor track quality
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-5

While the inputs improved the accuracy of the capital cost estimates, the sketch-level nature of 

CONNECT means that the estimates are highly approximate. The capital cost of HSIPR systems is 

sensitive to topography, development patterns, and myriad additional local variables, and only a 

thorough engineering evaluation of specific proposed alignments could produce a reliable estimate.

Revenue/Operating Cost Ratio 

This criterion assesses the ratio of ticket revenue to operating costs for the alternatives analysed

using CONNECT. An alternative with a score of 0% would have none of its operating costs covered 

by ticket revenues, whereas an alternative with a score of 100% would have all of its operating 

costs covered by ticket revenues. Both ticket revenue and total operating cost are direct outputs of 

CONNECT.

Reduce Travel Times 

This criterion compares rail to automobile travel time for the alternatives analysed using CONNECT. 

This helps to identify the alternatives that would provide travel time savings compared to 

automobile travel. Both rail and automobile travel times are direct outputs of CONNECT. Note that 

in CONNECT auto travel times do not change with the introduction of rail service.

Rail and air travel times were not directly compared because in CONNECT these times are 

measured as the run or flight times between rail stations or airports, and rail would generally not be 

expected to show a shorter time on this basis. If door-to-door travel time and service frequency 

were considered, rail travel times could be competitive with air travel; however this level of detail 

exceeds the initial evaluation scope of the study. Later phases of the work will compare air and rail 

using this more specific approach.

Enhance Mode Share on Rail 

This criterion assesses the rail mode share for the alternatives analysed using CONNECT. Rail 

mode share is a direct output of CONNECT.

Capital Cost per Passenger Mile 

This criterion assesses the ratio of capital cost to passenger miles for the alternatives analysed

using CONNECT. Both capital cost and passenger miles are direct outputs of CONNECT.

3.5 Comparison of Route Alternatives using Ridership-related Criteria 

For each of the ridership-related criteria, values were calculated for route alternatives using the 

methods described above. Table 3-3 shows the color-coding scheme used to compare alternatives 

at a high-level. Note that values for ridership and cost were not color-coded because these values 

were considered “alternative attributes,” and were not used directly to screen alternatives, but to

help explain differences between route alternatives that are identified using other criteria.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-6

Table 3-3: Color-coding Thresholds for Relevant Assessment Criteria

Criterion Green Yellow Red 

Revenue/Operating 

Cost Ratio a

CONV Over 50% 25-50% 0–25%

HrSR Over 75% 50-75% 0–50%

HSR Over 100% 50–100% 0–50%

Reduce Travel Times

Savings in travel 

time of more than 

50% compared to 

auto

Savings in travel 

time of 25% to 

50% compared to 

auto

Savings in travel 

time of 25% or 

less compared to 

auto

Enhance Mode Share on Rail

Over 20% rail mode 

share

10%–20% rail 

mode share

0–10% rail mode 

share

Capital cost

Under $16 (capital 

cost per annual 

passenger mile)

$16 - $100 (capital 

cost per annual 

passenger mile)

Over $100 (capital 

cost per annual 

passenger mile)

a Revenue/Operating Cost Ratio criterion is analyzed by service-level option:

CONV= conventional rail

HrSR = higher speed rail

HSR = high-speed rail
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-7

Tables 3-4 through 3-7 below present values for the ridership-related criteria in the Northern, 

Central and Southern Sections. The route alternatives evaluated in the table are shown in Figure 

2-1 in Section 2.0, Initial Range of Alternatives above.

Table 3-4: Northern Section – Ridership-related Criteria

Crit. 

No. 

Route 

Alternatives 

Analysis Criteria 

Service 

Level 

 N1/

N1A 

 N1/N

1B N2 

 N4/N

4A* 

 N4/N

4B 

N4/N

4C 

2

Ridership (millions of 

passengers per year 

in 2010)

CONV 0.26 0.26 0.30 0.30 0.30

HrSR 0.39 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42

HSR 0.46

4 Capital Cost

CONV $0.66 

billion

$0.66 

billion

$0.65 

billion

$2.94 

billion

$0.71 

billion

HrSR $4.35 

billion

$4.34 

billion

$1.69 

billion

$4.60 

billion

$6.10 

billion

$5.08 

billion

HSR $5.24 

billion

5 Revenue/ Operating 

Cost Ratio

CONV 20% 19% 27% 31% 31%

HrSR 23% 23% 25% 24% 26% 26%

HSR 29%

6 Reduce Travel Times

CONV 9% 9% 14% 14% 14%

HrSR 30% 30% 33% 33% 33% 33%

HSR 68%

7

Enhance Mode Share 

on Rail

CONV 12% 12% 12% 12% 12%

HrSR 17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17%

HSR 21%

8 Capital Cost per 

Passenger Mile

CONV $10.6

0 $10.60 $10.50 $47.50 $11.50

HrSR $46.2

0 $46.20 $19.10 $52.00 $69.00 $57.50

HSR $52.80

a Cells shaded gray indicate that the service level does not apply to this route.

b Service-Level Option: CONV= conventional rail; HrSR = higher speed rail; HSR = high-speed rail 

*The N4A Alternative has been carried forward past the alternatives screening process and will be evaluated in the 

next service level EIS, stage of the project
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-8

Table 3-5: Central Section – Ridership-related Criteria

Crit. 

No. 

Route Alternatives 

Analysis Criteria 

Service 

Level C1 

C2/C

2A 

 C2/C

2B 

C4/C

4A* 

C4/C4

B** 

2

Ridership (millions of 

passengers per year in 

2010)

CONV 1.2 1.7 1.7

HrSR 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

HSR 2.7 2.7

4 Capital Cost

CONV $1.38 

billion

$1.51 

billion

$1.54 

billion

HrSR $4.22 

billion

$6.58 

billion

$5.19 

billion

$4.22 

billion

$4.65 

billion

HSR $5.65 

billion

$5.36 

billion

5 Revenue/ Operating Cost 

Ratio

CONV 60% 89% 87%

HrSR 82% 87% 89% 89% 89%

HSR 114% 114%

6 Reduce Travel Times

CONV 16% 21% 21%

HrSR 35% 37% 37% 37% 37%

HSR 67% 67%

7 Enhance Mode Share on Rail

CONV 11% 16% 16%

HrSR 23% 23% 23% 23% 23%

HSR 27% 27%

8 Capital Cost per Passenger 

Mile

CONV $7.90 $5.40 $5.50

HrSR $6.80 $10.80 $8.50 $6.90 $7.60

HSR $8.00 $7.50

a Cells shaded gray indicate that the service level does not apply to this route.

b Service-Level Option: CONV= conventional rail; HrSR = higher speed rail; HSR = high-speed rail

*The C4A Alternative has been carried forward past the alternatives screening process and will be evaluated in the next 

service level EIS, stage of the project

**The C4B Alternative has been carried forward past the alternatives screening process and will be evaluated in the 

next service level EIS, stage of the project

 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-9

Table 3-6: Southern Section without Monterrey Extension – Ridership-related Criteria

Crit. 

No. 

Route Alternatives 

Analysis Criteria 

Service 

Level S2 S4* S5 S6** 

2 Ridership (millions of passengers 

per year in 2010)

CONV 0.058 0.35

HrSR 0.069 0.32 0.39 0.069

HSR 0.33 0.083

4 Capital Cost

CONV

$0.17 

billion

$0.31 

billion

HrSR

$2.37 

billion

$2.46 

billion

$4.29 

billion

$0.84 

billion

HSR

$3.59 

billion

$1.23 

billion

5 Revenue/ Operating Cost Ratio

CONV 7% 24%

HrSR 7% 20% 26% 7%

HSR 12% 5%

6 Reduce Travel Times

CONV 22% 12%

HrSR 46% 25% 34% 46%

HSR 56% 69%

7 Enhance Mode Share on Rail

CONV 6% 15%

HrSR 7% 11% 17% 7%

HSR 13% 10%

8 Capital Cost per Passenger Mile

CONV $19.30 $3.40

HrSR $225.10 $42.20 $40.70 $79.90

HSR $51.60 $103.40

a Cells shaded gray indicate that the service level does not apply to this route.

b Service-Level Option: CONV= conventional rail; HrSR = higher speed rail; HSR = high-speed rail

*The S4 Alternative has been carried forward past the alternatives screening process and will be evaluated in the next 

service level EIS, stage of the project

**The S6 Alternative has been carried forward past the alternatives screening process and will be evaluated in the next 

service level EIS, stage of the project

 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-10

Table 3-7: Southern Section with Monterrey Extension – Ridership-related Criteria

Crit. 

No. 

Route Alternatives Analysis 

Criteria 

Service 

Level S2 S4 S5 S6 

2 - M Ridership (millions of passengers per 

year in 2010)

CONV 

HrSR 0.68 0.59

HSR 0.77 0.72

4-M Capital Cost

CONV

HrSR

$2.98 

billion

$1.43 

billion

HSR

$4.86 

billion

$2.67 

billion

5 - Ma Revenue/ Operating Cost Ratio (Costs 

for Mexico portion excluded)

CONV

HrSR 61% 96%

HSR 31% 73%

5 - Mb Revenue/ Operating Cost Ratio (Costs 

for Mexico portion discounted by 35%)

CONV

HrSR 45% 58%

HSR 30% 37%

6 - M Reduce Travel Times

CONV

HrSR 40% 48%

HSR 59% 67%

7 - M Enhance Mode Share on Rail

CONV

HrSR 15% 9%

HSR 18% 12%

8 - Ma Capital Cost per Passenger Mile (Costs 

for Mexico portion excluded)

CONV

HrSR $10.40 $5.30

HSR $13.60 $6.60

8 - Mb Capital Cost per Passenger Mile

CONV

HrSR $12.60 $9.10

HSR $18.40 $14.30

a Cells shaded gray indicate that the service level does not apply to this route.

b Service-Level Option: CONV= conventional rail; HrSR = higher speed rail; HSR = high-speed rail

*The S4 Alternative has been carried forward past the alternatives screening process and will be evaluated in the next 

service level EIS, stage of the project

**The S6 Alternative has been carried forward past the alternatives screening process and will be evaluated in the next 

service level EIS, stage of the project
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 3-11

3.6 Analysis of Results 

The ridership-related criteria results are analysed below with respect to the Purpose and Need 

elements that each supports. How the sections and/or alternatives performed against these criteria 

is also included in the discussion.

 P-1 Provide infrastructure for a high-quality intercity rail service that will reduce travel times, 

increase schedule reliability, and increase traveler comfort.

Understandably, the high-speed alternatives reduced travel-times the most. Alignments N2, C4 

and S6 performed best according to this criterion. While we did not assess reliability and 

comfort directly, both are strongly correlated with service type. High-speed service is less likely 

to be interrupted by freight service or track failure, and is more likely to offer a smoother ride.

 P-3 Provide an equitable and affordable intercity travel alternative to automobile, bus, and air 

service; P-6 Enhance interregional access to employment, entertainment, recreation, health, 

and shopping opportunities for existing and future residents in the Program corridor.

Ridership is an indicator of affordability (P-3) and how well the alternative enhances access (P6) to amenities and employment. N1, C1 and S4 attracted fewer riders, and thus present a less 

competitive alternative. 

 P-8 Be a cost-efficient investment where the projected train service revenue meets or exceeds 

operations and maintenance costs, based on service level.

In general, the Central section alignments perform much better than the Northern and Southern 

section alignments under the criteria studied here. The revenue/operating cost ratio, which is a 

strong indicator of long-term financial feasibility, surpasses 100% for the C4 alignment with 

high-speed service.

The Southern section only performs well with the inclusion of the Monterrey extension. Alignment 

S6 with higher-speed service covers 96% of its operating cost with ticket revenue.

TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-1

4.0 Preliminary Station Location and Transit Connections 

Evaluation 

The purpose of the preliminary transit connections and station location evaluation process was to 

assess the accessibility and mobility service and to verify the feasibility of the assumed station 

locations across the alternatives for TOPRS. Potential transit connections and stations locations 

included cities in all three sections, Northern, Central, and Southern. The evaluation of these cities 

is described in detail in the Local Transit System Profiles and Connectivity to Potential TOPRS 

Passenger Rail Stations for Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study: AA Screening Alternative Phase 

Technical Memorandum (TranSystems 2013).

This section includes a summary of the evaluation of the transit connections and station locations 

for each section, including a description of the existing transit facilities, intercity bus service, 

passenger rail service, future plans and the connectivity prospective with potential TOPRS stations. 

4.1 Methodology 

Based upon initial ridership estimates, knowledge of connectivity options and GIS-level information 

about the corridor, preliminary station locations were identified for TOPRS (See Section 6.0 –

Preliminary Service Schedule and Initial Operations Plan Evaluation). These station locations were 

determined based upon a relatively coarse level of geographic specificity, sufficient to assess the 

accessibility and mobility service that they will provide and verify the feasibility of the locations based 

on general engineering and urban planning criteria. Within each city existing transit, facilities, intercity 

bus, and passenger rail services were identified. Future plans were also recognized where 

information was readily available. 

4.2 Potential Transit Connections and Station Locations 

The following discussion summarizes the potential transit connections and stations locations in all 

three sections. These cities were identified according to population size with a general division of 

these cities with populations greater than 500,000 people and less than 500,000 people. Summary 

tables were developed and are included below for each of the three sections. The associated cities 

within each section and the key elements evaluated regarding transit connections/station locations 

are reflected, if applicable. Select cities have identified future planned improvements and/or projects 

and that information is also provided in the section tables. 

Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, was the only city identified with a population greater than 500,000. 

Seven cities in Oklahoma, Ardmore, Chickasha, Duncan, Edmond, Norman, and Pauls Valley and 

one city in Texas, Gainesville, were identified with a population less than 500,000. Table 4-1 

includes a summary of these cities in the Northern Section and their existing transit and stations 

and followed by a brief location description of each city.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-2

Table 4-1: Existing Transit and Stations – Northern Section

City Bus/ 

BRT 

Intercity 

Bus 

LRT Commuter Rail 

Passenger Rail Other 

Hub/Station 

Transfer/Transit Center 

Future 

Planned 

Improvements 

and 

Projects 

Oklahoma 

City, OK X X X X X X*

Ardmore, OK X X

Chickasha, 

OK

Duncan, OK

Edmond, OK X X X**

Norman, OK X X X X

Pauls Valley, 

OK X X

Gainesville, 

TX X X

Other – vanpool, ferry boat service

* Cities with population greater than 500,000 may include, but not limited to commuter rail, streetcar

** Cities with population less than 500,000 may include, but not limited to intermodal transportation center, 

additional passenger rail and local transit service

Oklahoma City, OK. Oklahoma City is the largest city in the state and 30th largest city by population 

in the United States. Oklahoma City is one of the top five largest cities in the country in terms of 

geographic area. Oklahoma City is home to several large corporations including Chesapeake 

Energy, Devon Energy, and Sonic Drive-In. The Oklahoma City Thunder NBA basketball team plays 

downtown at the Chesapeake Energy Arena. 

Ardmore, OK. Ardmore is located along I-35 midway between Dallas and Oklahoma City, 

approximately 90 miles from each city.

Chickasha, OK. Chickasha is located approximately 40 miles southwest of Oklahoma City.

Duncan, OK. Duncan is located approximately 90 miles southwest of Oklahoma City.

Edmond, OK. Edmond is located adjacent to the northern border of Oklahoma City and is home to 

the University of Central Oklahoma, the third largest university in the state. 

Norman, OK. Norman is located approximately 20 miles south of Oklahoma City. Norman is home 

to the University of Oklahoma (OU), the largest university in the state and also includes the National 

Weather Center. 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-3

Pauls Valley, OK. Pauls Valley is located along I-35 approximately 50 miles south of Oklahoma City. 

Gainesville, TX. Gainesville is located in north Texas on I-35 approximately 70 miles north of Dallas.

Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio 

Three cities the Central Section within Texas - Austin, Dallas, and Fort Worth - were identified with a 

population greater than 500,000. Eight cities in the Central Section within Texas - San Marcos, 

Schertz, Seguin, Taylor, Temple, Killeen, Waco, and Waxahachie - were identified with a population 

less than 500,000. Table 4-2 includes a summary of these cities in the Central Section and their 

existing transit and stations and followed by a brief location description of each city.

Table 4-2: Existing Transit and Stations – Central Section

City Bus/ 

BRT 

Intercity 

Bus 

LRT Commuter Rail 

Passenger Rail Other 

Hub/Station 

Transfer/Transit Center 

Future 

Planned 

Improvements 

and 

Projects 

Austin, TX X XM X X X X X X*

Dallas, TX X XM X X X X X X*

Fort Worth, 

TX X X X X X X X*

San Marcos, 

TX X X X X

Schertz, TX

Seguin, TX X

Taylor, TX X X

Temple, TX X X

Killeen, TX X

Waco, TX X XM X

Waxahachie, 

TX X

Other –vanpool

*Cities with population greater than 500,000 may include, but not limited to commuter rail, streetcar, BRT, LRT, 

general regional connectivity

M = includes bus service between U.S. and Monterrey, Mexico

Austin, TX. Austin is the state capital and located in Central Texas. It is the 11th most populous city 

in the United States and the 4th most populous in Texas. Austin is home to one of the largest 

universities in the nation, University of Texas (UT), state government agencies, many large 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-4

companies, technology businesses, and a vibrant media and music culture. One Fortune 500 

company, Whole Foods, has its headquarters in Austin. 

Dallas, TX. Dallas is the 9th largest city in the United States and the 3rd most populous in Texas. 

Dallas is home to twelve Fortune 500 companies, the third largest concentration in the country. 

AT&T, Southwest Airlines, HollyFrontier, Texas Instruments, Dean Foods, and Tenet Healthcare are 

some of the largest companies headquartered in Dallas. There is $15 billion of development 

underway in the downtown and throughout the city. Top tourist destinations include the West End, 

the historic heart of the city, and Uptown, a center for nightlife. Victory Park is a 75-acre 

development that is anchored by the American Airlines Center, home to NBA’s Dallas Mavericks 

and NHL’s Dallas Stars. Deep Ellum is a former industrial area that is a top location for culture

Fort Worth, TX. Fort Worth is the 16th largest city in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth metro 

area is the top tourist destination in Texas and features the 35-block downtown known as 

Sundance Square, world-renowned museums in the Cultural District, and the Stockyards National 

Historic District. The largest employers in the city are Lockheed Martin Aeronautics and Naval Air 

Station Joint Reserve Base. 

San Marcos, TX. San Marcos is located in central Texas along I-35 approximately 30 miles south of 

Austin and approximately 50 miles north of San Antonio. Texas State University-San Marcos is the 

fifth largest university in Texas. 

Schertz, TX. Schertz is a northeast suburb of San Antonio. 

Seguin, TX. Seguin is located approximately 30 miles east of downtown San Antonio. 

Taylor, TX. Taylor is located approximately 35 miles northeast of downtown Austin. The area 

continues to be a large producer of cotton as it has been throughout its history

Temple-Killeen, TX. Temple and Killeen are adjacent cities along I-35 approximately 65 miles north 

of Austin and approximately 35 miles south of Waco. Killeen is home to Fort Hood, the largest 

active duty armored post in the United States Armed Services. 

Waco, TX. Waco is located approximately halfway between Dallas and Austin on the I-35 corridor. 

Waxahachie, TX. Waxahachie is located along I-35E approximately 30 miles south of Dallas. 

Southern Section: San Antonio to south Texas 

Two cities, San Antonio, Texas and Monterrey, Mexico, were identified with a population greater 

than 500,000. Nine cities in Texas, Alice, Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Harlingen, Kingsville, Laredo, 

McAllen, Raymondville, and Weslaco were identified with a population less than 500,000. Table 4-3 

includes a summary of these cities in the Southern Section and their existing transit and stations 

and followed by a brief location description of each city.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-5

Table 4-3: Existing Transit and Stations – Southern Section

City Bus/ 

BRT 

Intercity 

Bus 

LRT Commuter Rail 

Passenger Rail Other 

Hub/Station 

Transfer/Transit Center 

Future 

Planned 

Improvements 

and 

Projects 

San Antonio, 

TX X XM X X*

Monterrey, 

Mexico X XM X X X*

Alice, TX X

Brownsville, 

TX X XM X

Corpus Christi, 

TX X X X X

Harlingen, TX X X

Kingsville, TX X

Laredo, TX X XM X

McAllen, TX X X X

Raymondville, 

TX X X

Weslaco, TX X X

Other – vanpool, ferry boat service

*Cities with population greater than 500,000 may include, but not limited to commuter rail, streetcar, BRT, LRT, 

general regional connectivity, HOV lanes, stations

M = includes bus service between U.S. and Monterrey, Mexico

San Antonio, TX. San Antonio is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second 

most populous city in Texas. The greater San Antonio (the San Antonio–New Braunfels Metropolitan 

Statistical Area) is the 24th largest metropolitan area in the United States and third largest in Texas. 

San Antonio has a strong military presence and is the headquarters city for five Fortune 500 

companies. South Texas Medical Center is located in San Antonio and it is the only medical 

research and care provider in the South Texas region. San Antonio is visited by approximately 26 

million tourists per year. 

Monterrey, Mexico. Monterrey is the capital of the state of Nuevo León, located in Mexico 

approximately 200 miles west of the Gulf of Mexico and 100 miles southwest of the U.S.-Mexico 

border. It is the ninth largest city in Mexico and the third most populous metropolitan area in the 

country. Monterrey is home to several large Mexican and international companies including Sony, 

Toshiba, Whirlpool, Samsung, Toyota, Ericsson, Nokia, Dell, Boeing, HTC, General Electric, 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-6

Heineken, and LG. At approximately 100 acres, the Macroplaza is one of the biggest public plazas 

in the world with shopping and tourism located in the heart of Monterrey near three museums. The 

Paseo Santa Lucia is a 1.25-mile canal and river walk that connects the Macroplaza to Fundidora 

Park. Canyons, mountains, and waterfalls outside of the city are popular natural attractions. 

Historically known for its strong steel industry, Monterrey is currently the northern Mexico hub for 

industry, manufacturing, banking, health care, and education. 

Alice, TX. Alice is located in south Texas, approximately 45 miles west of Corpus Christi. 

Brownsville, TX. Brownsville is located in southern Texas at the U.S.-Mexico border and is home to 

the University of Texas at Brownsville campus. 

Corpus Christi, TX. Corpus Christi is located in southeast Texas adjacent to Upper Padre Island 

along the Gulf of Mexico and it the 8th largest city in Texas. The economy is driven by tourism and 

the oil/petrochemical industry. Corpus Christi attracts tourists to its more than hundred miles of 

beaches and outdoor recreational activities. The city is home to the Port of Corpus Christi, the 5th 

largest port in the nation, which handles mostly oil and agricultural products. 

Harlingen, TX. Harlingen is located in the Rio Grande Valley in south Texas, approximately 30 miles 

from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and approximately 10 miles from the Rio Grande River. 

Kingsville, TX. Kingsville is located in south Texas approximately 40miles southwest of Corpus 

Christi. The city includes Texas A& M University-Kingsville and Naval Air Station-Kingsville. 

Laredo, TX. Laredo is located on the north bank of the Rio Grande River along the border with 

Mexico and it is the U.S. principal port of entry into Mexico, connecting I-35 with the Pan American 

Highway that stretches into Central and South America. Laredo is located across the river from the 

adjacent Mexican city of Nuevo Laredo.

McAllen, TX. McAllen is located in south Texas along the north bank of the Rio Grande River 

approximately 70 miles west of the Gulf of Mexico. McAllen was a rural and agricultural area until 

growth and development increased in recent decades. McAllen is located across the river from the 

Mexican city of Reynosa. 

Raymondville, TX. Raymondville is located approximately 30 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border 

and approximately 20 miles west of the Gulf of Mexico. 

Weslaco, TX. Weslaco is located in the Rio Grande Valley approximately 10 miles north of the U.S.-

Mexico border.

4.3 Summary of Evaluation Results 

The following discussion summarizes the connectivity and TOPRS station potential of the evaluated 

cities for all three sections. 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-7

Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth 

Oklahoma City, OK. The proposed Edmond-Oklahoma City-Norman commuter rail as well as the 

TOPRS Edmond-Oklahoma City-Dallas/Fort Worth service could very likely share the new Oklahoma 

City Intermodal Transportation Center passenger rail station located at the current Amtrak (ex-ATSF) 

passenger station. This station would be served by all routings of the northern section of the TOPRS 

corridor. Furthermore, most of the northern section alternatives under consideration (including all 

of the regional and emerging scenarios) would parallel the BNSF (ex-ATSF) route and the proposed 

new commuter rail all the way Edmond-Oklahoma City-Norman. Because of plans to build the 

Oklahoma City Streetcar and the Transportation Center at the existing passenger station, there 

would be excellent local transit collection/distribution service at the TOPRS station.

Ardmore, OK. The current Amtrak BNSF (ex-ATSF) Station site is a potential stop for emerging and 

regional TOPRS trains serving the Northern Section. 

Chickasha, OK. There is currently no specific TOPRS station location under consideration. 

Duncan, OK. There is currently no specific TOPRS station location under consideration.

Edmond, OK. The proposed Edmond-Oklahoma City-Norman Commuter rail as well as the TOPRS 

Edmond-Oklahoma City-Dallas/Fort Worth service could likely share a new Edmond station on the 

BNSF, located near the site of the former ATSF passenger station and adjacent to the Citylink 

Transit center, providing good local feeder/distribution bus service. As the (newly extended) 

northern terminus of the TOPRS corridor, Edmond would be served by all Northern Section corridor 

trains. 

Norman, OK. The current Amtrak BNSF (ex-ATSF) Station site could be a logical potential stop 

location for TOPRS trains serving the Northern Section, and if proposed Norman-Oklahoma CityEdmond commuter rail is implemented, it would also serve as the commuter rail’s southern 

terminus. Three of CART’s existing 8 routes operate within 2 blocks or less of this location, 

providing for good potential connectivity.

Pauls Valley, OK. The current Amtrak BNSF (ex-ATSF) Station site would be a logical potential stop 

for TOPRS emerging and regional trains serving the Northern Section.

Gainesville, TX. The current Amtrak Heartland Flyer station site is a potential stop for Emerging and 

Regional TOPRS trains on the Northern Section of the corridor. 

Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio 

Austin, TX. Connectivity between Austin Cap Metro and potential TOPRS station sites is among the 

most complicated in the entire TOPRS route network. The Lone Star Rail District (LSRD) is already in 

advanced planning stages for a major new regional commuter rail service operating GeorgetownAustin-San Marcos-San Antonio, largely on the UP (ex-MP) line currently used by Amtrak. The 

physical constraints and resultant capacity limitations of the Amtrak/LSRD UP Corridor will likely 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-8

require regional and core express TOPRS trains to utilize an entirely new, Greenfield alignment east 

of I-35, potentially as far north as Taylor and continue to just northeast of San Antonio. There are 

several alternative routings under/around Austin-Bergstrom Airport that could result in an attractive 

TOPRS station connected to the airport. Depending on the timeline of the new TOPRS service and 

Austin’s own transit development plan, this station could serve as an intermodal connection to 

either high-frequency/service-quality bus service or a fixed guideway rail transit service direct to 

downtown. 

In addition to connecting service to downtown, it may be very desirable to maintain highly 

competitive passenger rail service from the north to provide single-seat, direct TOPRS trains to 

downtown Austin. Subject to capacity and other operational considerations, the TOPRS Service 

Development Plan (SDP) will examine scenarios in which selected Emerging, Regional or even Core 

Express (at reduced speed) trains would share ROW with the LSRD and Amtrak, allowing service to 

the current (or near the current) Amtrak station site, just west of the downtown core. There is even 

one particularly creative alternative that would allow these trains to continue south a couple of 

miles (on the existing line) and then proceed east on a nearly abandoned line to meet up with the 

Greenfield corridor, and terminate at Austin Bergstrom Airport. Lastly, there is also a Service Plan 

alternative that would allow a small number of residual, conventional (emerging) corridor trains that 

to continue south overlapping the LSRD/ Amtrak UP route to San Antonio. 

Dallas, TX. Virtually all possible TOPRS route alternatives for both the Northern and Central Sections 

include a Dallas Downtown stop at the current Dallas Union Station, the locally preferred location. 

Most of the alternative routings actually traverse the TRE Corridor between Dallas and Fort Worth, 

with an intermediate new station directly at DFW Airport (at the site of future Terminal F). Several 

Service Plan alternatives envision a triangular “loop” operation to/from the north and south, with 

Oklahoma trains, for example, operating Denton-Dallas-FORT Worth-Denton and San Antonio trains 

operating Hillsboro-Dallas-Fort Worth-Hillsboro or the opposite. In all of these scenarios there would 

be excellent local collection/distribution because of the cross-platform connects at Union Station to 

the TRE and multiple DART LRT Lines. Union Station is also served out front by multiple DART bus 

routes and in the future by the South Oak Cliff Streetcar. There are multiple possible north 

suburban and south suburban potential TOPRS stations in the greater Dallas-Fort Worth area, 

which may also be collocated with regional or commuter rail service. Their primary intended 

access/egress would be by automobile. 

Fort Worth, TX. Virtually all possible route TOPRS alternatives for both the Northern and Central 

Sections include a Fort Worth stop at the current Fort Worth T Amtrak/TRE ITC Station. Most of the 

alternatives actually are planned to traverse the TRE Corridor with an intermediate new station 

directly at DFW Airport. In any of these scenarios there would be excellent collection/distribution to 

all of central Fort Worth because of the existing major Fort Worth T Transit Center adjacent to ITC. 

There will also be cross platform connections to existing TRE and planned TEX rail commuter rail 

service. There are multiple possible north suburban and south suburban potential TOPRS stations 

in the greater Dallas-Fort Worth area, which may also be collocated with regional or commuter rail 

service. Their primary intended access/egress would be by automobile.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-9

San Marcos, TX. The LSRD is in advanced planning stages for a major new regional commuter rail 

service Georgetown-Austin-San Marcos-San Antonio. The physical constraints and capacity 

limitations of the current Amtrak/proposed LSRD UP Corridor will likely require higher 

speed/frequency TOPRS trains to utilize a new, Greenfield alignment east of I-35 and central San 

Marcos making a San Marcos stop infeasible. The only possible exception would be a small number 

of residual, conventional (emerging) corridor trains that would overlap the existing Amtrak UP route 

and stop at the Intermodal Station. 

Schertz, TX. The physical constraints and capacity limitations of the current Amtrak/proposed LSRD 

UP Austin-San Antonio Corridor will likely require TOPRS trains to utilize a new, Greenfield alignment 

east of I-35 and central Schertz. There could be a new (eastern suburban) station, of unspecified 

location, to serve Schertz for emerging and regional TOPRS trains.

Seguin, TX. The capacity limitations of the current Amtrak/proposed LSRD UP Austin-San Antonio 

Corridor will likely require TOPRS trains to utilize a new, Greenfield alignment east of I-35 and 

central Seguin. There could be a new (eastern suburban) station, of unspecified location, to serve 

Seguin for emerging and regional TOPRS trains.

Taylor, TX. Taylor is a potential transition point between a TOPRS alignment paralleling the UP (from 

Temple and the north) to a stand-alone Greenfield alignment (to Austin and the south). The 

potential station site for TOPRS emerging and regional corridor services has not been identified. 

Temple-Killeen, TX. There are multiple alternative potential alignments serving Temple-Killeen, 

noting that all alternatives pass through Temple, whether coming from the north via Waco (new 

route) or McGregor (existing Amtrak route). The specific TOPRS station site will depend on which 

route is ultimately recommended. It is anticipated that Hill County Transit District will provide bus 

service to the station because of the large potential ridership opportunity. 

Waco, TX. All proposed TOPRS Central Section route alternatives that operate south directly from 

Dallas, and some routes from Fort Worth would bring new passenger rail service to Waco. Waco 

would likely be a stop for TOPRS core express services and definitely a stop for emerging and 

regional services operating on this segment. The city has identified a site adjacent to the Baylor 

University’s Floyd Casey Stadium as a potential station site. WTS already serves this site. The 

Downtown Transit Terminal, served by all local transit routes, is adjacent to the tracks proposed for 

passenger rail service, making this an option for the TOPRS station location. 

Waxahachie, TX. The proposed potential TOPRS Central Section alignment running from Dallas 

directly to the south would likely share this corridor and possible share track with the proposed 

commuter rail. No specific station stop location for the TOPRS service is being identified, but it 

would be presumed and logical to share a station with the new commuter rail service to allow 

convenient transfers and operational efficiencies. 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-10

Southern Section: San Antonio to south Texas 

San Antonio, TX. The Westside Multimodal center and adjacent former IGN/MP Station is a very 

likely candidate for the southern terminus of the TOPRS Central Section as well as for the Lone Star 

Rail District (LSRD) planning new regional commuter rail service Georgetown-Austin-San MarcosSan Antonio. The physical constraints and resultant capacity limitations of the current Amtrak/ 

LSRD UP Corridor will likely require all regional and core express TOPRS trains to utilize an entirely 

new, Greenfield alignment east of I-35, beginning as far north as Taylor and continuing to northeast 

of San Antonio. A variety of potential alternative Greenfield/existing parallel railroad alignments 

would then either serve San Antonio’s International Airport directly, or with a nearby station before 

continuing to terminate at the Multimodal Site. 

Depending on ultimate station location, in addition to intermodal airport access, the potential 

TOPRS SAT Airport Station could also serve as a north suburban Park & Ride Location. The locally 

preferred IGN/MP Multimodal Station site would be immediately adjacent to a large VIA transit 

center served by multiple local bus routes, the high-frequency E-W BRT and likely a future fixed 

guideway circulator streetcar system. It would also benefit from cross-platform transfer 

connections to LSRD regional commuter trains.

Monterrey, Mexico. It would be important for new passenger rail service to have a direct connection 

to one of the metro rail routes. The disused passenger rail station is intact but is not ideally-located, 

approximately a half mile from the closest Metro station. While the freight rail lines through the city 

are not grade-separated, there are routes from both the east and northeast that come close to the 

center of the city. One of these routes passes very close to the city’s airport, General Mariano 

Escobedo International, located in Apodaca, northeast of the city.

Alice, TX. As explained in the TOPRS South Section routing alternatives, there is a potential complex 

combination of true Greenfield, shared and restored abandoned corridor that could provide Alice 

with new rail service to multiple destinations: San Antonio, Corpus Christi, Laredo, McAllen, and 

Brownsville. If any of these service-level study alternatives is recommended, Alice could likely be a 

stop, or even a transfer point between routes. There is no specific TOPRS station location under 

consideration. 

Brownsville, TX. While there is currently no definitive potential location identified for a TOPRS 

station, it has been assumed that TOPRS service to Brownsville would follow the alignment of the 

UPRR (ex-MP) tracks to a site located on the edge of downtown and close to a border crossing. It is 

presumed that Brownsville Metro bus service would be routed to effectively serve the TOPRS 

station.

Corpus Christi, TX. Three very different approaches to providing TOPRS service to Corpus Christi are 

under consideration: 

 Under the alternative using the UPRR (ex-MP) route enroute to Brownsville, it would be most 

logical to locate a station in the Calellen neighborhood of Corpus Christi (approximately 14 miles 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 4-11

west of downtown) with an express bus on I-37 connecting to the CCRTA Staples Street Station 

in the downtown area. 

 If the route over the UPRR terminated in Corpus Christi, it could follow the branch line that 

terminates at the historic station which still exists (approximately 0.5 mile from Staples Street 

Station). 

 Under the alternative using the Greenfield/Restored Abandoned ROW corridor via Alice, the link 

to Corpus Christi would probably operate along the KCS route, with a station possibly located at 

the airport. 

Harlingen, TX. Although no specific station site is currently under consideration, Harlingen would be 

a potential stop for Southern Section Regional and Emerging TOPRS services on the San AntonioBrownsville route. All four local bus routes converge at a point where the railroad tracks cross 

Harrison Street, making this a logical point for a TOPRS station.

Kingsville, TX. The former SP (now UP) station site could be a potential location for a TOPRS 

passenger train stop for Regional and Emerging Corridor services on the San Antonio-Brownsville 

branch of the Southern Section, if appropriate arrangements could be made with the Train Depot 

Museum. No specific definitive site has been selected. It is assumed the A&M Shuttle would be 

modified to serve the TOPRS station.

Laredo, TX. If the San Antonio-Laredo service is provided by the Greenfield/ Restored Abandoned 

ROW Corridor via Alice, this line would be located approximately 2.5 miles from the Laredo Airport. 

If a direct high speed rail route is constructed between San Antonio and Monterrey, Mexico the 

border crossing would likely at Columbia, approximately 23 miles from downtown Laredo. In either 

case, it is presumed that the El Metro bus services would be realigned to serve the TOPRS station. 

McAllen, TX. There is a potential complex combination of true Greenfield and Restored Abandoned 

ROW corridor that could provide McAllen with new TOPRS rail service from San Antonio and possibly 

continuing to either (or both of) Harlingen/Brownsville, TX or Monterrey, MX. It is presumed the 

McAllen Metro bus transit would provide service to a TOPRS station. Since this line passes near the 

McAllen Airport, it could provide a TOPRS station location supporting intermodal air connections. 

Central Station is located adjacent to the rail line being considered for use as part of Rio Grande 

Valley commuter rail line, making it a potential TOPRS station location. 

Raymondville, TX. Although no specific station site is identified selected, the site of the former SP 

(now UP) station in Raymondville would be a potential location for Southern Section regional and 

emerging services on the San Antonio-Brownsville shared corridor route.

Weslaco, TX. There is a proposed McAllen-Harlingen-Brownsville commuter rail service that would 

pass through and serve Weslaco directly. Weslaco could also be a stop for TOPRS regional or 

emerging service trains if the Greenfield/Restored Abandoned ROW corridor alignment is selected 

for San Antonio-McAllen before continuing on existing shared ROW to Harlingen and Brownsville. 

No specific Weslaco TOPRS station location is under consideration.

TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 5-1

5.0 Route Alternatives Analysis 

The purpose of the Route Alternatives Analysis was to compare study route alternatives and 

service-level options by geographic section (Northern, Central, and Southern), with the objective of 

screening out alternatives that are fatally flawed or that performed considerably less well than 

other alternatives within the same geographic section. This analysis resulted in the set of route 

alternatives to be carried forward into the Service-level Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The 

route alternatives considered as part of the Route Alternatives Analysis were those that were not 

screened out during the feasibility analysis discussed in Section 2.0. As part of the Route 

Alternatives Analysis, route alternatives were evaluated based on the ability of each to fulfil the 

Purpose and Need, the estimated cost, potential environmental issues, and the level of community 

and agency support or opposition. The Route Alternatives Analysis process and results is described 

in detail in the Final Route Alternatives Analysis Technical Memorandum (CH2M HILL 2014).

This section includes a description of the alternatives carried forward into the Route Alternatives 

Analysis, the Route Alternatives Analysis criteria, and the key findings and results of the Route 

Alternatives Analysis.

5.1 Route Alternatives Carried Forward into Route Alternatives Analysis 

The route alternatives carried forward into the Route Alternatives Analysis were the outcome of the 

Initial Range of Alternatives process described in Section 2.0, and are shown in Figure 5-1 and 

described below. Each route alternative includes two of the following service-level alternatives: 

conventional service, higher speed service, and high-speed service.

Northern Section Route Alternatives 

N1 (conventional and higher speed) - This alternative would begin at Edmond, OK, and follow a 

local railroad to Chickasha, then follow the UPRR to Bowie, where the route can either (Option N1A) 

continue on UPRR track to Fort Worth or (Option N1B) transition back to the BNSF for entry into Fort 

Worth at the Intermodal Transportation Center (ITC). It would then continue to Dallas Union Station 

(DUS) via the Trinity Railway Express (TRE).

N2 (higher speed and high-speed) - This alternative would begin at Edmond, OK, and follow the 

BNSF south to Norman, where the route would transition into a new greenfield alignment. It would 

follow this alignment to a point near Krum, Texas, where it would transition onto the Kansas City 

Southern Railway (KCS) and the Dallas Garland and Northeastern Railroad (DGNO) to DUS, entering 

from the west, and then reverse direction to continue to the Fort Worth ITC on a new high-speed 

alignment built over IH-30.

N4 (conventional and higher speed) - This alternative would begin at Edmond, OK, and follow the 

BNSF south to Krum, Texas. Option N4A would continue to the Fort Worth ITC on the BNSF (as does 

the existing Amtrak Heartland Flyer) and then continue to DUS via the TRE. Option N4B would 

continue to DUS over the KCS/DGNO and then reverse direction to Fort Worth over the TRE. Option 

N4C would continue to DUS over the KCS and then continue to Fort Worth over the TRE. 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 5-2

Figure 5-1: Route Alternatives Carried Forward into the Route Alternative Analysis 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 5-3

Central Section Route Alternatives 

C1 (conventional and higher speed) - This alternative would begin at DUS and follow the TRE to the 

Fort Worth ITC. From there it would run on the existing BNSF line south to Temple where it would 

continue on to the UPRR track to Taylor, Austin and San Antonio, coordinating schedules with Lone 

Star Rail District trains which are planned to operate along this line.

C2 (conventional and higher speed) - Option C2A would begin at DUS and follow the TRE to the Fort 

Worth ITC and then run on the UPRR south to Hillsboro. Option C2B would begin at the Fort Worth 

ITC and follow the TRE to DUS. It would then run on the BNSF south to Waxahachie, where it would 

enter a rebuilt abandoned railroad corridor to Hillsboro. These options can be combined to provide 

a “loop” service where trains travel to and from Dallas and Fort Worth before returning south. All of 

these options would then continue south from Hillsboro through Waco to Taylor. At Taylor 

conventional service trains would follow the UPRR through Austin and San Antonio, coordinating 

schedules with the proposed Lone Star regional rail service. Higher speed service would enter a 

new greenfield right-of-way through the Austin-Bergstrom International Airport and south to San 

Antonio.

C4 (higher and high-speed) - Option C4A would begin at the Fort Worth ITC and follow the TRE to 

DUS, where it would then follow the BNSF south toward Waxahatchi and enter a high-speed 

greenfield corridor to travel south to Hillsboro and Taylor. Option C4B would begin at both the Fort 

Worth ITC and DUS, with trains following a high-speed alignment above IH 30 to Arlington, where 

the lines would merge and turn south to Hillsboro on a high-speed greenfield alignment to Taylor 

and south, following the same alignment as the C2 higher-speed alternative. Alternative C4 also 

has an option of direct service to downtown Austin via connections with trains operating over the 

UPRR from Taylor to Austin, which would coordinate schedules with the proposed Lone Star Rail 

District.

Southern Section Alternatives 

S2 (conventional and higher speed) - This alternative would begin at the San Antonio VIA Transit 

Center station and continue southwest on the UPRR, ending at Laredo.

S4 (higher and high-speed) - This alternative would begin at the San Antonio VIA Transit Center 

station and continue southeast on the UPRR to George West, where the line would enter a 

greenfield right-of-way to Alice. At Alice, there would be a stop where this alternative would divide 

into three legs, each of which could have direct service to San Antonio or shuttle service to Alice. 

The first leg would travel west along the KCS Railway to San Diego, Texas, where it would enter a 

greenfield right-of-way to Pescadito and then re-join the KCS Railway to end at the Laredo 

International Airport. The second leg would travel south along rebuilt abandoned track to McAllen, 

where a connection could be made to Harlingen and Brownville over a proposed commuter rail 

service (which is not part of this study). This leg could also be extended into Mexico over a 

greenfield border crossing and then follow another route of the KCS de Mexico to Monterrey. The 

third leg would travel east along the KCS Railway to Corpus Christi to a new station facility at Corpus 

Christi International Airport.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 5-4

S5 (conventional and higher speed) - This alternative would begin at the San Antonio VIA Transit 

Center station and continue southeast on the UPRR to Odem, where a shuttle train or bus would 

provide service from Odem to Corpus Christi. This route alternative would continue south from 

Odem on the UPRR to Brownsville, stopping at a new station near the Brownsville Transit Center. A 

proposed commuter rail service (which is not a part of this study) could connect to Harlingen and 

McAllen.

S6 (higher and high-speed) - This alternative was added as a result of stakeholder meetings in 

Laredo, at which attendees expressed a desire for direct service from San Antonio to Monterrey, 

Mexico, with a new stop northwest of Laredo near the Laredo-Columbia Solidarity Bridge (LCSB). 

This alternative would begin at the San Antonio VIA Transit Center station and continue on a direct 

line to the station at the LCSB. It would then cross on a new railway bridge to join a new line being 

constructed in Mexico, which would continue to Monterrey, Mexico. This study only examines the 

U.S. component of this new line, but it does consider the ridership impact of such a connection. 

5.2 Route Alternatives Analysis Criteria and Methodology 

Screening criteria for the Route Alternatives Analysis were developed to support a number of Study 

goals. These included whether routes were aligned with the project Purpose and Need, consistency 

with local and regional goals, stakeholder comments and input received during individual 

stakeholder meetings and during the scoping process, and potential effects of routes on 

environmental resources.

Table 5-1 lists the final criteria that were used to screen alternatives for the Route Alternatives

Analysis. The criteria are grouped into four categories:

 Alternative attributes – these were not used independently to screen alternatives, but instead to

help explain differences between route alternatives

 Operational criteria – these describe features such as operating cost and travel time

 Infrastructure criteria – these describe features including capital cost and right-of-way

 Environmental criteria – these describe potential effects on environmental resources such as 

agriculture, cultural and biological resources

The measure used to evaluate each criterion is shown in Table 5-1, along with threshold values, 

when applicable. In addition, the source of data used to evaluate each criterion is listed.

Table 5-1: Route Alternatives Analysis Criteria

Criterion 

No. Criterion Measure Threshold Data Source 

Alternative Attributes 

1a Access to Stations Total population of 

cities served by 

stations

N/A U.S. Census (2010)
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 5-5

Criterion 

No. Criterion Measure Threshold Data Source 

1b Access to Stations 

with endpoint cities 

removed

Total population of 

cities served by 

stations with endpoint 

cities removed

N/A U.S. Census (2010)

2 Ridership for each 

Alternative

Ridership (annual 

trips)

N/A CONNECT model

3 Length of Route Length of route in 

miles

N/A Route design files

4 Cost to Construct 

Alternative

Total Capital Cost for 

Alternative ($)

N/A CONNECT model 

with local data

Operational Criteria 

5 Revenue/ Operating 

Cost Ratio

Revenue/ Operating 

Cost (%)

Conventional: 

50% cost

recovery; 

higher-speed: 

75% cost 

recovery; highspeed: 100% 

cost recovery 

CONNECT model

6 Reduce Travel Times Time reduction vs. 

Automobile

N/A CONNECT model

7 Enhance Mode Share 

on Rail

Rail mode share (%) N/A CONNECT model

Infrastructure Criteria 

8 Capital Cost per 

Passenger Mile

Capital Cost per 

Passenger Mile ($)

N/A CONNECT model 

and local cost 

enhance-ments

9 Minimize Right-ofWay/ Real Estate 

Impacts

Acres of nontransportation right-ofway within study areaN/A Study route right-ofway

10 Provides Additional 

Improvements to 

National Railroad 

Network

Professional judgment 

(value of 

improvements and 

risk reduction 

evaluation)

N/A Analysis of railroad 

infrastructure and 

operations
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 5-6

Criterion 

No. Criterion Measure Threshold Data Source 

Environmental Criteria b 

Minimize Impacts on Natural Resources

11a Wetlands Acres within study 

area

N/A National Land Cover 

Data Base

11b Critical Habitat Acres within study 

area

N/A U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service 

Data

Minimize Impacts on Cultural/Recreational Resources 

12a National and State 

Historic Places

Number of Historic 

Sites

N/A National Register of 

Historic Places, 

State Historic Data

12b River and Stream 

Crossings

Number of river and 

stream crossings

N/A Number of river and 

stream crossings

12c Parks and Open 

Space

Acres within study 

area

N/A ESRI parks data and 

Texas Parks & 

Wildlife data

Minimize Impacts on Social Resources

13a Prime Farmland Acres within study 

area

N/A Natural Resources 

Conservation 

Service, U.S. Dept. 

of Agriculture

13b Sensitive Receptors Number of schools, 

places of worship, and 

hospitals within study 

area

N/A USGS, ESRI, and 

Texas Education 

Agency data

13c Environmental 

Justice 

Number of census 

blocks with % minority 

greater than state

N/A US Census (2010)

Notes: 

N/A = not applicable

USGS = U.S. Geological Survey

a FRA’s CONNECT rail planning model is described in Section 3.3 of this memorandum.

b The study area for environmental impacts equals 250 feet on either side of centerline, unless alternative uses existing 

infrastructure.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 5-7

5.3 Route Alternatives Analysis Results 

The Route Alternatives Analysis compared study route alternatives and service-level options by 

geographic section (Northern, Central, and Southern), with the objective of screening out 

alternatives that are fatally flawed or that performed considerably less well than other alternatives 

within the same geographic section. The route alternatives recommended to be carried forward into 

the EIS are shown in Figure 5-2, and are listed below, along with the rationale for retaining each.

Northern Section 

N4A (conventional speed level) – This route alternative covers most of the same line that has been 

upgraded by the TxDOT and ODOT as part of an on-going rail passenger improvement program and 

therefore represents a good use of resources that can be further built-upon. While Route 

alternative N4A does not meet the revenue to operating cost threshold it has the lowest capital cost 

per passenger mile for the Northern Section alternatives and will therefore be carried forward to 

represent the Northern Section in the EIS.

Central Section 

C2B (conventional service level). C2B has the lowest capital cost of the central section route 

alternatives and among the highest revenue/operating cost ratios. Unlike C2A, it avoids crossing 

the highly congested Tower 55 in Ft. Worth. Therefore, it is recommended to be carried forward 

into the EIS.

C4 (A, B, and C) (higher-speed and high speed service levels). All of the C4 alternatives have the 

highest revenue/operating cost ratio, the biggest travel time savings compared to auto travel, and 

are comparable with other route options in the central section in terms of potential environmental 

effects. Therefore, they are recommended to be carried forward into the EIS.

Southern Section 

S4 (higher-speed service level). While S4 has the greatest potential effect parks and open space, it 

is the longest alternative by a factor of 2 or 3, to serve the population centers, which contribute to 

operational performance. So while the environmental criterion is highest for this alternative, this is 

a condition that could be avoided with project level refinement of the route and would not be 

expected to be a fatal flaw.

S5 (conventional speed service level). This alternative avoids the potential effects on wetlands seen 

for the S5 higher speed alternative.

S6 (higher-speed service level)

Route alternatives S4 and S6 both allow extension to Monterrey, Mexico. Without that extension 

these alternatives would not be recommended to be carried forward because they do not meet the 

revenue to operating cost ratio threshold. Route alternative S5 also does not meet the revenue to 

operating cost threshold but it has the highest ratio and the lowest capital cost per passenger mile 

for the Southern Section alternatives and will therefore be carried forward to represent the

Southern Section in the EIS.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 5-8

Figure 5-2: Route Alternatives and Options Recommended for Evaluation in the EIS
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-1

6.0 Preliminary Service Schedule and Initial Operations Plan 

Evaluation* 

This section evaluates the key service schedule and operations plan elements for each of the 

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study (Study) alternatives. As referenced at the beginning of this 

report these alternatives are being examined in greater detail in direct support of the service-level 

environmental impact study (EIS) phase. Consistent with the reports corridor structure, covering the 

Northern, Central and Southern sections, this alternative comparison also includes an Inter-section 

service operations evaluation between the Northern-Central and Central-Southern section’s (TOPRS 

EIS Phase Operating Assumptions with Service Characteristics by Section; 2013). Detailed 

descriptions of the service schedule and operations plan components, the key objectives, the 

evaluation criterion, and alternatives performance against those criterion is provided below. 

6.1 Key Components and Objectives 

The primary service schedule and operations plan components include the proposed route, 

assumed service speed (conventional, higher speed, and or true high-speed), range of frequencies, 

stopping patterns, station stops, type of equipment (train consist), and potential schedules in 

tabular form. Drawing from initial ridership estimates (Section 3.0), the preliminary station location 

evaluations (Section 4.0) and the preliminary understanding of the other identified components the 

key objective of this evaluation are to compare the alternative performance within these defined 

parameters, including distance, average speed, timeline, and again preliminary station stopping 

assumptions.

6.2 Northern Section 

The alternative alignment for N4A generally follows the route of Amtrak’s Heartland Flyer, but with 

extensions north of Oklahoma City to Edmond, and east of Fort Worth to Dallas. Unlike the Central 

Section alternatives operating between Fort Worth Intermodal Transportation Center (ITC) and 

Dallas Union Station (DUS) on the Trinity Railway Express (TRE), it is assumed that Northern Section 

trains will not divert on a new loop route directly serving Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport 

(DFW Airport). Instead, the Oklahoma trains will travel straight across TRE, with a proposed 

intermediate stop at TRE’s Centreport Station, where connecting shuttle bus service is available to 

DFW.

Service Plan 

The N4A alternative assumes a conventional service speed with three to six daily round trips (RTs). 

The potential for accelerated travel-time options (express) assumes that 2 or 3 of the RTs would 

operate on an accelerated schedule, making roughly 7 stops, with remaining “local” trains making 

 * Based on stakeholder input, Alternative C4C has recently been added to the project. A preliminary evaluation of 

Alternative C4C has been included in Section 6.0 only.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-2

between 10 and 12 stops (Section 4.0 Preliminary Station Location and Transit Connections 

Evaluation).

Preliminary Station Stopping Patterns 

Based on the conventional service speed and alternative route the potential station stops for N4A 

are listed below. As noted above express trains would not make stops at all stations. More detailed 

station stopping patterns may be developed after completion of the pending TOPRS CorridorSpecific Demand Model, which will provide estimated forecast station-specific passenger volumes. 

 Edmond

 Oklahoma City

 Norman

 Purcell

 Paul’s Valley

 Ardmore

 Thackerville (potential new station)

 Gainesville

 Krum/Denton (potential new station)

 Fort Worth (ITC)

 Centreport (TRE)

 Dallas (DUS)

Train Frequency and Consist 

The range of train frequencies would be between three to six daily RTs with between 7 and 12 

stops, including the end points. These baseline contributions to Alternative N4A would be utilized 

during the service-level EIS analysis and documentation efforts. The analysis efforts will benefit 

from and include a combination of estimated operating costs and the ridership/revenue forecasts 

from the pending Corridor-Specific Demand Model. Combined, thereby providing a more precise 

determination of frequency and station stopping pattern recommendations. 

The assumed train consist, based on preliminary capital/operating cost estimation, would consist 

of a new, high-performance diesel locomotive; one “split” (one-half business-class and one-half 

coach-class car); one “split” café (roughly one-half revenue seats and one-half table/lounge 

seating); and two to four conventional coaches. Revenue seating average capacity will range from 

179 to 391 seats per train set.

6.3 Central Section (C4A, C4B and C4C) 

There are five alternatives within the Central Section based on routing and service speed, including 

C4A and C4B (higher speed) and C4A, C4B and C4C (true high-speed). The routing for C4A and C4B 

with the higher speed service will predominantly follow a greenfield alignment. Alternative C4B 

would feature a direct link between Forth Worth, Arlington, and Dallas, predominantly following 

Interstate Highway 30 and southward service continuing between Arlington, Waco, Austin, and San 

Antonio. The C4A and C4B (true high-speed) alternatives would follow the same route alignments 

and include the same additional features (C4B only). The fifth alternative, C4C, is only studied at 

true high-speed service and is an expanded variation of C4A with an additional leg going directly 

south from the Fort Worth ITC Station through the Tower 55 area (fully grade-separated from freight 

rail) and roughly paralleling I-35W to Hillsboro where it rejoins C4A alignment running south from 

Dallas.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-3

There are additional routing differences between the C4A and C4B warrant further discussion. The 

C4A alternatives (higher speed and true high-speed) would operate across the Trinity Railroad 

Express between the Fort Worth Transit Center and Dallas Union Station with a midway shift onto a 

new, greenfield track loop through Dallas-Fort Worth airport. This C4A shift to the airport would 

include a station stop directly under the planned and future Terminal F. 

The C4B alternatives (higher speed and true high-speed) would also operate between the Fort 

Worth Transit Center and Dallas Union Station but this route would follow the IH-30 highway 

corridor to Arlington. The southward routing from Arlington would then follow the State Highway 360 

(SH-360) corridor to Hillsboro. This C4B route would include an Arlington station with potential 

transfer options to the other metropolitan destinations. The C4B route would not serve the DFW 

airport.

C4A and C4B may also include limited and overlapping service along the Lone Star Railroad District 

(LSRD) corridor route from Taylor to downtown Austin. This LSRD route would either terminate, 

continue to the Austin airport, or continue on to San Antonio.

Service Plan – C4A Higher Speed 

The C4A alternative assumes higher speed service with 6 to 12 daily RTs. The potential for 

accelerated travel-time options (express) assumes approximately 4 of the RT’s would operate on an 

accelerated schedule. Express trains would likely make seven stops. Local trains would make 

approximately 12 (Section 4.0 Preliminary Station Location and Transit Connections Evaluation). If 

demand warrants, up to three daily RTs may be through-routed into the Southern Section and on to 

Monterrey or McAllen/Corpus Christi.

6.3.1.1 Preliminary Station Stopping Pattern 

Based on the higher service speed and alternative routing described above the potential station 

stops for C4A are listed below. As noted above express trains would not make stops at all stations. 

More detailed station stopping patterns may be developed after completion of the pending TOPRS 

Corridor-Specific Demand Model, which will provide estimated forecast station-specific passenger 

volumes. 

 Fort Worth (ITC)

 DFW Airport (Terminal F)

 Dallas Union Station

 Waxahachie

 Waco

 Temple/Killeen/Fort Hood

 Austin Airport

 Austin Downtown

 San Antonio Airport

 San Antonio 

6.3.1.2 Train Frequency and Consist 

The range of train frequencies would be between 6 to 12 daily RTs with between 9 and 15 stops, 

including the end points. These baseline contributions to Alternative C4A would be utilized during 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-4

the service-level EIS analysis and documentation efforts. The analysis efforts will benefit from and 

include a combination of estimated operating costs and the ridership/revenue forecasts from the 

pending Corridor-Specific Demand Model. Combined, thereby providing a more precise 

determination of frequency and station stopping pattern recommendations. 

The assumed train consist, based on preliminary capital/operating cost estimation, would consist 

of a new, high-performance diesel locomotive, one full-length business-class car, one “split” café 

(roughly one-half revenue seats and one-half table/lounge seating); and four to six conventional 

coaches. Revenue seating average capacity will range from 391 to 543 seats per train set.

Service Plan – C4B Higher Speed 

The C4B alternative assumes higher speed service with 6 to 12 daily RTs. The potential for 

accelerated travel-time options (express) assumes approximately 4 of the RT’s would operate on an 

accelerated schedule. Express trains would likely make seven stops. Local trains would make 

approximately nine stops (Section 4.0 Preliminary Station Location and Transit Connections 

Evaluation). If demand warrants, up to three daily RTs may be through-routed into the Southern 

Section and on to Monterrey or McAllen/Corpus Christi.

6.3.2.1 Preliminary Station Stopping Pattern 

Based on the higher service speed and alternative routing described above the potential station 

stops for C4B are listed below. As noted above express trains would not make stops at all stations. 

More detailed station stopping patterns may be developed after completion of the pending TOPRS 

Corridor-Specific Demand Model, which will provide estimated forecast station-specific passenger 

volumes. 

 Fort Worth (ITC)

 Arlington

 Dallas Union Station

 Waco

 Temple/Killeen/Fort Hood

 Austin Airport

 Austin Downtown

 San Antonio Airport

 San Antonio 

6.3.2.2 Train Frequency and Consist 

The range of train frequencies would again be between 6 to 12 daily RTs with between seven and 

nine stops, including the end points. These baseline contributions to Alternative C4B would be

utilized during the service-level EIS analysis and documentation efforts. The analysis efforts will 

benefit from and include a combination of estimated operating costs and the ridership/revenue 

forecasts from the pending Corridor-Specific Demand Model. Combined, thereby providing a more 

precise determination of frequency and station stopping pattern recommendations. 

The assumed train consist, based on preliminary capital/operating cost estimation, would consist 

of a new, high-performance diesel locomotive, one full-length business-class car, one “split” café 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-5

(roughly one-half revenue seats and one-half table/lounge seating); and four to six conventional 

coaches. Revenue seating average capacity will range from 391 to 543 seats per train set.

Service Plan – C4A True High-Speed 

This C4A alternative assumes true high-speed electrified service with 12 to 20 daily RTs. Express 

trains would likely make six stops, and local trains would make approximately nine stops

(Section 4.0 Preliminary Station Location and Transit Connections Evaluation). Again, if demand 

warrants, up to three daily RTs may be through-routed into the Southern Section and on to 

Monterrey or McAllen/Corpus Christi.

6.3.3.1 Preliminary Station Stopping Pattern 

Based on the true high-speed service and alternative routing described above the potential station 

stops for C4A are listed below. As noted above express trains would not make stops at all stations. 

More detailed station stopping patterns may be developed after completion of the pending TOPRS 

Corridor-Specific Demand Model, which will provide estimated forecast station-specific passenger 

volumes. 

 Fort Worth (ITC)

 DFW Airport (Terminal F)

 Dallas Union Station

 Waxahachie

 Waco

 Temple/Killeen/Fort Hood

 Austin Airport

 Austin Downtown

 San Antonio Airport

 San Antonio 

6.3.3.2 Train Frequency and Consist 

The range of train frequencies would again be between 12 to 20 daily RTs with between six and 

nine stops, including the end points. These baseline contributions to Alternative C4B would be 

utilized during the service-level EIS analysis and documentation efforts. The analysis efforts will 

benefit from and include a combination of estimated operating costs and the ridership/revenue 

forecasts from the pending Corridor-Specific Demand Model. Combined, thereby providing a more 

precise determination of frequency and station stopping pattern recommendations. 

The assumed train consist, based on preliminary capital/operating cost estimation would consist of 

a contemporary (UIC-standard) distributed-power, 25 kilovolt (KV) catenary-supplied integrated 

train-set. This would likely include a “control-cab-equipped” business-class car, a full-length cafélounge car, five coach cars, and a “control-cab-equipped” coach car. Estimated average capacity is 

465 seats.

Service Plan – C4B True High-Speed 

This C4B alternative assumes true high-speed electrified service with 12 to 20 daily RTs. One key 

assumption for the C4B alternative is that alternate trains would originate/terminate in the Fort 

Worth and Dallas locations, respectively. Express trains would likely make six stops, and local trains 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-6

would make approximately eight stops (Section 4.0 Preliminary Station Location and Transit 

Connections Evaluation). Again, if demand warrants, up to three daily RTs may be through-routed 

into the Southern Section and on to Monterrey or McAllen/Corpus Christi.

6.3.4.1 Preliminary Station Stopping Pattern 

Based on the higher service speed and alternative routing described above the potential station 

stops for C4B are listed below. As noted above express trains would not make stops at all stations. 

More detailed station stopping patterns may be developed after completion of the pending TOPRS 

Corridor-Specific Demand Model, which will provide estimated forecast station-specific passenger 

volumes. 

 Fort Worth (ITC)

 Arlington

 Dallas Union Station

 Waco

 Temple/Killeen/Fort Hood

 Austin Airport

 Austin Downtown

 San Antonio Airport

 San Antonio 

6.3.4.2 Train Frequency and Consist 

The range of train frequencies would again be between 12 to 20 daily RTs with between six and 

nine stops, including the end points. These baseline contributions to Alternative C4B would be 

utilized during the service-level EIS analysis and documentation efforts. The analysis efforts will 

benefit from and include a combination of estimated operating costs and the ridership/revenue 

forecasts from the pending Corridor-Specific Demand Model. Combined, thereby providing a 

more precise determination of frequency and station stopping pattern recommendations. 

The assumed train consist, based on preliminary capital/operating cost estimation would 

consist of a contemporary (UIC-standard) distributed-power, 25 kilovolt (KV) catenary-supplied 

integrated train-set. This would likely include a “control-cab-equipped” business-class car, a fulllength café-lounge car, five coach cars, and a “control-cab-equipped” coach car. Estimated 

average capacity is 465 seats. 

Service Plan – C4C True High-Speed 

This C4C alternative assumes true high-speed electrified service with 12 to 20 daily RTs. 

Express trains would likely make six stops, and local trains would make approximately nine 

stops (Section 4.0 Preliminary Station Location and Transit Connections Evaluation). Again, if 

demand warrants, up to three daily RTs may be through-routed into the Southern Section and 

on to Monterrey or McAllen/Corpus Christi.

6.3.5.1 Preliminary Station Stopping Pattern 

Based on the true high-speed service and alternative routing described above the potential 

station stops for C4C are listed below. As noted above express trains would not make stops at 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-7

all stations. More detailed station stopping patterns may be developed after completion of the 

pending TOPRS Corridor-Specific Demand Model, which will provide estimated forecast stationspecific passenger volumes. 

 Fort Worth (ITC)

 DFW Airport 

 Dallas Union Station

 Waco

 Temple/Killeen/Fort Hood

 Austin Airport

 Austin Downtown

 San Antonio Airport

 San Antonio (Via/ex-IGN Station)

 

6.3.5.2 Train Frequency and Consist 

The range of train frequencies would again be between 12 to 20 daily RTs with between six and 

eight stops, including the end points. These baseline contributions to Alternative C4C would be 

utilized during the service-level EIS analysis and documentation efforts. The analysis efforts will 

benefit from and include a combination of estimated operating costs and the ridership/revenue 

forecasts from the pending Corridor-Specific Demand Model, thereby providing a more precise 

determination of frequency and station stopping pattern recommendations. 

The assumed train consist, based on preliminary capital/operating cost estimation would consist of 

a contemporary (UIC-standard) distributed-power, 25 kilovolt (KV) catenary-supplied integrated 

train-set. This would likely include a “control-cab-equipped” business-class car, a full-length cafélounge car, five coach cars, and a “control-cab-equipped” coach car. Estimated average capacity is 

465 seats.

Service Plan – C4C Higher Speed 

This alternative assumes higher speed service running 6 to 12 daily roundtrips with up to 8 stops.

There might also be future limited optional alternative service overlapping the proposed LSRD 

route, either terminating at Austin (downtown); continuing on to the Austin Airport Rail Station, or 

continuing to Downtown San Antonio overlapping the LSRD. Because of the uncertainty of the 

development and implementation of the LSRD, the current TOPRS Service Level EIS SDP only 

assumes a potential "cross-platform" connection to LSRD (likely at Taylor, TX). 

If demand warrants, up to 3 daily RTs could be through-routed to Monterrey or McAllen/Corpus 

Christi in the Southern Section of the Study. The unique, distinctive characteristic of C4C HigherSpeed is the inclusion of an additional direct north-south link between the Fort Worth (ITC) and 

Hillsboro, with routing across the Tower 55 (UP-BNSF Crossing). Each "round trip" would run in a 

clockwise loop pattern only passing through Tower 55 once per trip, so the total number of 

crossings would match the RT patterns depending on the service frequency. 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-8

6.3.6.1 Preliminary Station Stopping Pattern 

Following is a list of likely potential station stops for C4C Higher-Speed service; it must be noted 

that not all trains will necessarily make stops at all stations. More detailed station stopping patterns 

may be developed after completion of the TOPRS Corridor-Specific Demand Model, which will 

provide estimated forecast station-specific passenger volumes.

 Fort Worth (ITC)

 DFW Airport

 Dallas (DUS)

 Waco 

 Temple/Killeen/Fort Hood 

 Taylor (only a potential stop if LSRD 

provides cross-platform connection to AUS 

downtown)

 Austin Airport 

 San Antonio Airport 

 San Antonio (VIA/ex-IGN Station)

6.3.6.2 Train Frequency and Consist 

Based on passenger demand volumes identified in the screening phase of the Study, a range of

train frequencies would again be from 6 to 12 daily RTs will be examined in this alternative. 

Similarly, for estimation purposes, it will be assumed that trains make 8 stops, including the endpoints in the count. The combination of estimated operating costs and the ridership/revenue 

forecasts of the Corridor-Specific Demand Model will allow a more precise determination of 

frequency and station stopping pattern recommendation.

For preliminary planning purposes it is assumed that a typical train will consist of a new, highperformance diesel locomotive; one full-length business-class car; one “split” café (roughly one-half 

revenue seats and one-half table/lounge seating); and four to six conventional coaches. Revenue 

seating average capacity will range from 391 to 543 seats per train set. 

6.4 Southern Section (S6 and S4) 

There are three alternatives within the Southern Section based on routing and service speed, 

including S6 (higher speed) S6 (true high-speed) and S4 (higher speed). The routing for both S6 

alternatives would run parallel to an existing Union Pacific line for approximately 10 miles before 

shifting to a predominantly greenfield alignment between San Antonio, Laredo and potentially 

across the border with Mexico and into Monterey. The S4 alternative would include a more complex 

network of two intersecting routes on a predominantly greenfield alignment. The S4 network would 

include a primarily North-South alignment connecting San Antonio, Alice, McAllen, Harlingen and 

Brownsville and an intersecting East-West alignment connecting Laredo, Alice, and Corpus Christi. 

Service Plan – S6 Higher Speed 

This S6 alternative assumes higher speed service with four to six daily RTs, making only the three 

identified stops including the end points. 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-9

6.4.1.1 Preliminary Station Stopping Pattern 

Based on the higher service speed and alternative routing described above the potential station 

stops for S6 are listed below. More detailed station stopping patterns may be developed after 

completion of the pending TOPRS Corridor-Specific Demand Model, which will provide estimated 

forecast station-specific passenger volumes.

 San Antonio (VIA/ ex-IGN Station)

 Laredo (Columbia Crossing)

 Monterrey (NL)

6.4.1.2 Train Frequency and Consist 

The range of train frequencies would again be between four to six daily RTs with three stops, 

including the end points. These baseline contributions to Alternative S6 would be utilized during the 

service-level EIS analysis and documentation efforts. The analysis efforts will benefit from and 

include a combination of estimated operating costs and the ridership/revenue forecasts from the 

pending Corridor-Specific Demand Model thereby providing a more precise determination of 

frequency recommendations. 

The assumed train consist, based on preliminary capital/operating cost estimation would consist of 

a new, high-performance diesel locomotive; one “split” (one-half business-class and one-half coachclass car); one “split” café (roughly one-half revenue seats and one-half table/lounge seating); and 

two to four conventional coaches. Revenue seating average capacity will range from 179 to 391 

seats per train set.

Service Plan – S6 True High-Speed 

This S6 alternative assumes true high-speed service with 8 to s12 daily RTs, making only the three 

identified stops including the end points. 

6.4.2.1 Preliminary Station Stopping Pattern 

Based on the true high-speed service and alternative routing described above the potential station 

stops for S6 are listed below. 

 San Antonio (VIA/ ex-IGN Station)

 Laredo (Columbia Crossing)

 Monterrey (NL)

6.4.2.2 Train Frequency and Consist 

The range of train frequencies would again be between 8 to 12 daily RTs with three stops, including 

the end points. These baseline contributions to Alternative S6 would be utilized during the servicelevel EIS analysis and documentation efforts. The analysis efforts will benefit from and include a 

combination of estimated operating costs and the ridership/revenue forecasts from the pending 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-10

Corridor-Specific Demand Model. Combined, thereby providing a more precise determination of 

frequency. 

The assumed train consist, based on preliminary capital/operating cost estimation would consist of 

a contemporary (UIC-standard) distributed-power, 25KV catenary-supplied integrated trainset. This 

would likely include a “control-cab-equipped” business-class car, a full-length café-lounge car; five 

coach cars, and a “control-cab-equipped” coach car. Estimated average capacity is 465 seats.

Service Plan – S4 Higher-Speed 

This S4 alternative assumes higher speed service with four to six daily RTs, making all stops along 

their perspective routes, North-South (three stops) and East-West (three stops). If demand 

warrants, up to 3 daily RTs may be through-routed to DAL/FTW.

6.4.3.1 Preliminary Station Stopping Pattern 

Based on the higher speed service and alternative routing described above the potential station 

stops for S4 are listed below. More detailed operational patterns may be developed after 

completion of the pending TOPRS Corridor-Specific Demand Model, which will provide estimated 

forecast station-specific passenger volumes.

 San Antonio (VIA/ ex-IGN Station)

 Alice (transfer/connection point)

 Corpus Christi

 Laredo (Airport)

 McAllen

 Harlingen

 Brownsville

6.4.3.2 Train Frequency and Consist 

The range of train frequencies would again be between four to six daily RTs with three stops along 

each of the alignments and including the end points. These baseline contributions to Alternative S4 

would be utilized during the service-level EIS analysis and documentation efforts. The analysis 

efforts will benefit from and include a combination of estimated operating costs and the 

ridership/revenue forecasts from the pending Corridor-Specific Demand Model. Combined, thereby 

providing a more precise determination of frequency and connecting train transfer patterns. 

The assumed train consist, based on preliminary capital/operating cost estimation would consist of 

a new, high-performance diesel locomotive; one “split” (one-half business-class and one-half coachclass car); one “split” café (roughly one-half revenue seats and one-half table/lounge seating); and 

two to four conventional coaches. Revenue seating average capacity will range from 179 to 391 

seats per train set.

One additional comparative element for this alternatives is the potential consideration of using 

contemporary European-design (Federal Railroad Administration-equivalent-compliant) DMUs, 

which would make the operation of a “splitting/merging” branch system at Alice relatively seamless 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-11

and potentially provide single-seat, through-service between San Antonio and all three ultimate 

destination end-points.

6.5 Potential Inter-Section Train Service Schedule/Operations 

Based on likely service frequency, demand-levels, and fundamental train technology differences in 

the three sections (Northern, Central, and Southern), limited opportunities to provide Inter-section 

(through) train operations. A high level description outlining the best opportunities for potential 

through service is provided within this section.

Northern-Central Inter-Section Service Opportunities 

Assuming demand forecasts provide justification, one to two daily RTs of the Edmond, Oklahoma 

City, Fort Worth, Dallas service could be “through routed” to Austin and/or San Antonio via the C4A 

(higher speed) route or via a modified C4A using the “shared” conventional LSRD route south of 

Taylor via Austin (downtown) and San Marcos. Key assumptions for this possible through service 

include that the Edmond/Oklahoma City equipment would not be compatible with the C4A (true 

high-speed) operation or any service on the C4B alignment. 

The train consist for this Northern-Central through service would include a conventional dieselpowered service with a one diesel locomotive, one business/café car, and four coaches with a 

typical capacity of 331 seats. There may be opportunity on the greenfield sections south of Dallas 

to operate up to 110 mph, or possibly 125 mph, using “high-performance” technology.

Central-Southern Inter-Section Service Opportunities 

Assuming demand forecasts provide justification, two to three daily RTs of the Fort Worth, Dallas, 

Austin, San Antonio service could be “through routed” to either Monterrey (S6) or McAllen (S4). Key 

assumptions for these possible connections are that any likely Central-Southern through services 

would be operated on compatible (i.e., interoperable) “primary” services in both sections. The three 

most likely combinations are the following:

 C4A/B (higher speed) + S6 (higher speed) Fort Worth, Dallas, San Antonio, Monterrey; C4A/B 

(true high-speed) + S6 (true high-speed) Fort Worth, Dallas, San Antonio, Monterrey; C4A/B 

(higher speed) +S4 (higher speed) Fort Worth, Dallas, San Antonio, McAllen/Corpus Christi

 True high-speed (on both sections) would only be possible on the C4A/B + S6 combination with 

through true high-speed train sets operating between Fort Worth, Dallas, Austin, San Antonio, 

Monterrey.

 Higher speed (on both sections) with high-performance 125-mph trains could be possible 

between Fort Worth, Dallas, Austin, San Antonio, Monterrey and/or Corpus Christi, McAllen and 

Brownsville. 

Higher-speed equipment would consist of one high-performance diesel locomotive, one 

business/café car, and five coaches with total capacity of 407 seats.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 6-12

True high-speed equipment would consist of a contemporary (UIC-standard) distributed-power, 

25kV catenary-supplied integrated trainset with one cab-control-business; one café; five coaches; 

and one cab-control-coach with typical total capacity of 465 seats.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 7-1

7.0 Railroad Support Facilities 

In order to support and maintain passenger railroad operations, it is estimated that two Vehicle 

Maintenance Bases (VMF), one Operations Centre, and multiple Maintenance of Way bases would

be needed. In order to develop conceptual level capital cost estimates we have assumed locations 

for the above facilities and fitted them out accordingly.

The TOPRS passenger rail corridor is divided into three logical segment and the two intermediate 

termini points between these segments represent logical nexus for vehicle maintenance activities. 

Examination of the proposed schedules support this concept as well. In the Ft. Worth to Dallas 

corridor on the TRE there is an existing passenger railroad maintenance facility adjacent to the 

West Irving station that has both compatible uses and room for significant expansion. After 

discussions with TRE, who agreed with the assessment, we used that location for the planned 

northern maintenance facility. The location is not only in the center of the DFW system, but also

within an industrial area that has numerous opportunities for expanded operations. It would also 

allow for shared costs for expensive items like wheel truing machines, drop tables, and painting 

facilities.

The southern terminal at San Antonio has similar attributes as the northern location. There are a 

number of potential locations west and south of downtown that could be utilized. Each yard would 

contain layover tracks with 480v power stand-by to maintain lights and HVAC during inspection and 

cleaning, security alarm connections to detect unauthorised train entry, potable water fill stations, 

compressed air charging (unless trains use EP brakes), tool outlets, and vehicle access for sanitary 

tank emptying and for commissary supplies. Separate facilities for car repair, locomotive servicing, 

locomotive repair, train inspection and servicing, train washing, and other support functions would 

be included once train operating patterns are determined and with the concurrence of planned 

maintenance facility contractors.

A system operations center would handle executive functions, dispatching, contract monitoring, and 

various oversight functions. It could be located at one of the above facilities or at another location. 

It would provide security monitoring through CCTV cameras at stations and handle train operations 

announcements as well as status board updates.

Maintenance of Way bases that handle the inspection and repair of the tracks, signals, structures, 

fencing, potential electrification equipment, and any grade crossing equipment would be located 

along the line in different configurations based on the infrastructure contractors’ needs.

TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 8-1

8.0 Railroad Simulation and Capacity Mitigation 

One of the several factors for consideration in evaluating and screening out certain initial 

alternative scenarios was capacity of select freight railroad lines and their potential ability to add 

reliable scheduled intercity passenger rail in shared track operation without negatively impacting 

current and future freight. Because of the large number of alternative routes under consideration 

and the need for expediency and cost-efficiency in the alternative screening phase, it was 

determined that a very high-level analysis approach should be utilized. 

Rather than the more narrowly targeted and detailed capacity simulation and mitigation analysis as 

was applied to the critical TRE corridor (described subsequently), for the majority of the other 

routes, the project team’s railroad operations experts reviewed each of the subject shared-use 

sections to qualitatively evaluate current and planned future freight traffic with respect to physical 

capacity, by individual segment. The efforts then focused on how well or poorly a passenger service 

overlay might perform within these respective segments. In all cases the analysis considered the 

potential for reasonable investments in capacity improvement for the future scenarios. 

Based on this section-by-section qualitative analysis, the TOPRS Team was able to assign a "degree 

of impact" ordinal ranking to each segment for each proposed service level. The impacts ranged 

from "highly negative to freight" at the bottom end of the scale, through "no significant (positive or 

negative) net impact" up to "net favorable impact" to freight fluidity. These evaluations were then 

used in the highly detailed, multi-faceted alternatives matrix that was applied to the quantitative 

Screening Process to select the best scenarios for continuation into the EIS-Phase of TOPRS. The 

complete description of all factors and their application is described in the TOPRS Draft Route

Alternatives Analysis Technical Memorandum (Nov 2013)

Because of multiple highly unique circumstances surrounding the TRE, operated largely over the 

existing, publically owned (and proposed to be expanded and potentially electrified) TRE between 

Forth Worth ITC and Dallas Union Station, it was decided to perform a full blown railroad simulation 

and capacity analysis to provide a much more detailed understanding of the TOPRS impacts as well 

as the capital cost of full mitigation. It should be noted that use of the TRE is critical as a link for 

Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex access/distribution in all North Section alternatives and a majority of 

the Central Section alternatives. 

A select group from the TOPRS team, which specializes in railroad simulation, was deployed to 

model the TRE, the existing commuter rail system which connects the cities of Fort Worth and 

Dallas. TranSystems’ “Operations Analysis” practice area used TMS, a custom rail modeling tool, to

evaluate potential TRE improvements related to implementing TOPRS service. The corridor is 

already highly utilized by TRE during the day, with close to 50 daily commuter trains serving ten 

stations, as well as limited local and some thru freight in operation through-out the day. During this 

study, the TranSystems Operations Analysis team examined several alternative proposed 

infrastructure designs to provide the ability to compare various service levels and also the 

necessary capital cost requirements.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 8-2

The primary objective of this study was to analyse potential infrastructure improvements designed 

to support the new TOPRS high-speed passenger rail service without impacting the significant 

existing commuter rail operations by TRE or the tenant freight services. The study indicated that 

the TRE, TOPRS and known freight services could coexist if the corridor is essentially double 

tracked and passing sidings are provided on the airport connector and around each TRE station.

The summary snapshot excerpt of the live schematic animation model outputs illustrates several of 

the identified necessary capacity upgrades. 

Figure 8-1: Model Output Schematic Example

For example:

 An eastbound TRE train at S. Irving station (track occupancy shown in red) is using a new 

double-track section as it heads towards Medical Market Center. 

 An eastbound TOPR train (purple) is about to stop at the Dallas Fort Worth Airport station and 

has just cleared a passing siding on the west end of the spur.

 A westbound TOPR train (green) is approaching a bypass around Hurst-Bell station which it 

could use when a TRE train is at or approaching the station.

 A UP freight (yellow) is headed towards Madill.

With the upgrades, the reliability performance of TRE and existing freight traffic was essentially 

unaffected by the addition of TOPR trains.
TBG071514033405SDO 

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014 

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 9-1 

9.0 Highway Crossings and Grade Separations 

The purpose of the highway crossings and potential grade separations evaluation was to identify a 

range of general actions for existing and proposed at-grade crossings along the alternatives. This 

evaluation included the development of a methodology based upon the general practices 

presented in the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (USDOT) Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing 

Handbook” and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) 

“Green Book”. The review of these materials helped with the creation of a rating system for grade 

crossing conditions for each alternative and the results of the evaluation based upon these criteria 

and proposed service classifications. The assessment of highway crossings and grade separations 

and the general actions proposed for the alternatives are described in detail in the Evaluation of 

Highway Crossings and Potential Grade Separations (CH2M HILL 2014). 

This section includes a description of the evaluation methodology, rating metrics applied to the 

alternatives, and the results of the assessment. 

9.1 Methodology 

Highway grade crossings and separations are an essential part of the evaluation process. Allowable 

crossings are determined by the corridor and speed classification of the proposed rail system. The 

USDOT’s Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook was issued in August 2007 and provides a 

detailed reference of adopted standards and best practices related to highway-rail grade crossings. 

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requires all states to develop and implement a highway 

safety improvement program (HSIP) and this applies to highway-rail grade crossings. The AASHTO 

Green Book, properly known as “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,” details six 

warrants that are used to identify locations of interchanges and grade separations. Table 9-1 

summarizes key criteria from the Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook and Green Book. 

At this stage of the study, neither methodology was considered appropriate for the level of 

engineering analysis utilized in a National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) study, however, the 

TOPRS evaluation methodology has used the Railroad Highway Grade Crossing Handbook and the 

AASHTO Green Book, which provide direction on permissibility and the requirements for locating 

interchanges and grade separations. The following evaluation criteria were utilized to determine 

general actions to be taken regarding the existing and proposed at-grade crossings along the 

proposed alternatives at a higher level of detail than what is typically applicable due to the servicelevel corridor analysis. 
TBG071514033405SDO 

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014 

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 9-2 

Table 9-1: Highway Grade Crossings Requirements and Criteria 

U.S Department of Transportation 

Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing 

Handbook 

AASHTO 

Green Book Grade Separation 

Warrants 

 Review of grade crossings (as contained in 

the USDOT Grade Crossing Inventory) 

 Determine safety of traffic for grade 

crossings, identify crossings that have the 

most need for improvement or 

reconstruction 

 Identify deficiencies for grade crossings and 

associated recommendations for 

improvement 

 Identify improvement alternatives (FRA 

regulations require grade crossings to either 

be eliminated or closed where trains 

operate at 125mph or higher) 

 Safety considerations for train-involved and 

non-train-involved crashes 

 Construction and maintenance costs 

 Design Designation 

 Reduction of Bottlenecks or Spot 

Congestion 

 Safety Improvement 

 Site Topography 

 Road User Benefits 

 Traffic Volumes 

Existing Grade Crossings 

 For existing grade crossings, match the existing crossings found to be crossed by a proposed 

route to their records in the FRA railroad crossing database. 

 Record the AADT of automobile traffic at each crossing; if greater than 2,000 AADT then 

propose upgrade to gates and flashing lights if existing protection is weaker than that. If greater 

than 10,000 AADT, then propose grade separation. 

 Note the distance to the nearest railroad crossing in the FRA crossings database; for areas in 

the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex area and in the San Antonio metropolitan area crossings closer 

than 1⁄4 mile are considered redundant and have potential to be closed. In all other areas 

(considered “rural” here) the distance for crossing redundancy was considered to be 1/2 mile. 

 Private crossings less than 5 miles away from an adjacent public crossing intended to be kept 

open were also considered eligible for closure. 

 In cases where two adjacent crossings were considered to be suitable for closure, the crossing 

with the lesser AADT was considered to be more suitable for closure unless it currently had a 

stronger form of crossing protection. 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 9-3

Proposed Greenfield Alignments 

 For true high-speed rail (HSR), all public crossings are recommended for grade separation, 

unless they appeared to be sufficiently redundant due to distance to the nearest crossing and 

can be considered for closure, as outlined previously. In select urban areas where true high 

speed is not attainable, the alignment may be considered a higher speed rail (HrSR) for grade 

crossing purposes. 

 For Higher Speed Rail (HrSR), the only options available for the necessary “closed corridor” 

status were crossing closure, upgrade to four-quadrant gates, or grade separation.

9.1.2.1 Rating Metrics 

Each grade crossing condition was rated 1 to 6 based on its assigned action to vehicular traffic, 

environmental, locations and rail speed limits. The crossing with the lowest rating (1) will have the 

most impacts and the crossing with the highest rating (6) will have the least impacts. This 

evaluation is based upon the methodology described above in Section 9.1 and adjusted for the 

conceptual alignments for each alternatives. All grade crossing rating recommendations would be 

subject to field diagnostic review during design development. These ratings categories are 

described below.

1. Close: the grade crossing meets the metrics to eliminate the crossing all together

2. Do Nothing: the grade crossing protection meets the needed standards. No upgrades to the 

protection will be required. However, gates and warning devices may need to be relocated to 

accommodate proposed tracks at required clearances. 

3. Construct new at-grade crossing: no highway-railroad crossing exists today. Any new crossing 

will be designed to meet needed standards including four quadrant gates and/or traffic 

channelization. 

4. Upgrade to 4-quad gates: existing crossing protection does not meet requirements and will 

need to be upgraded using four quadrant gates and/or traffic channelization.

5. Construct grade separation: due to rail classification and/or AADT traffic counts, a grade 

separation is warranted at this location. It can be at the site of an existing grade crossing or a 

new grade crossing. Grade separation options include:

a. Roadway Underpass-roadway lowered /railroad tracks remain at grade

b. Roadway Overhead-roadway elevated / railroad tracks remain at grade

c. Track depressed – railroad tracks depressed / roadway remain at grade

d. Tracks Elevated – railroad tracks raised / roadway remain at grade

e. Combinations of the above
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 9-4

6. Already grade separated: the existing highway-railroad crossing is grade separation and will 

need no changes to the configuration. However, changes to the structures may be required to 

either lengthen the highway over rail span to accommodate additional track(s) or add 

additional railway over highway structure(s). 

9.2 Summary of Results 

The evaluation of highway crossings and grade separations utilized the rating metrics described in 

Section 9.1.2.1 for each alternative with consideration of the existing corridor location and service 

classification (conventional rail, higher speed service, and high speed rail). The following is a 

discussion of the evaluation results for each alternative and Table 9-2 is a summary of these 

results.

Table 9-2: Highway Crossings and Grade Separations Summary

Applied 

Ratings 

Descriptions/ 

Recommendation 

Edmond to 

DAL/FTW DAL/FTW to AUS-SAT SAT-LAR to Corpus ChristiBrownsville 

N4 A 

(CONV) 

C4 A 

(HrSR) 

C4 A 

(HSR) 

C4 B 

(HrSR) 

C4 B 

(HSR) 

S4 

(HrSR, M*) 

S6 

(HrSR, M*) 

S6 

(HSR, M*) 

1 Close 65 76 76 60 60 155 0 0

2 Do Nothing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 Construct New AtGrade 1 6 6 5 5 34 0 0

4 Upgrade to 4-Quad 

Gates 

145 96 95 58 57 102 0 0

5 Construct Grade 

Separation 

26 274 275 350 351 118 63 63

6 Already Grade 

Separated 

87 85 85 47 47 12 0 0

Total Crossings 324 537 537 520 520 421 63 63

*M = Potential connection to Monterrey, Mexico

Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth 

9.2.1.1 Alternative N4A 

The only remaining northern segment alternative is N4A. This alternative begins north of Oklahoma 

City, OK and extend south to the Dallas – Fort Worth Metroplex area. The segment is approximately 

250 miles long and follows an existing freight corridor. The N4A alignment follows the BNSF Red 

Rocks Sub out of Oklahoma City, OK to the south where it becomes the BNSF Fort Worth Sub in 

Gainesville, TX to get into Fort Worth. As this segment utilizes existing freight corridors, the Freight 

(Section 2.0 – Development of Initial Range of Alternatives) criteria will need to be considered for 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 9-5

any shared corridor sections. The N4A Alternative is designed to conventional rail speeds. The 

alignment may share the existing freight corridor or parallel it as needed due to site constraints.

As alternative N4A is designed for conventional rail on a shared or parallel corridor, at grade 

crossings are permitted. There are 324 crossings that exist along this corridor, 45 percent 

(approximately 145) of them will need to be upgraded to four quadrant gates for train and vehicle 

protection, 27 percent (approximately 87) of the crossings are already grade separated, 20 percent 

(approximately 65) of the crossings can be assumed to be permanently closed, 8 percent 

(approximately 26) will require new grade separation and one new crossing (less than 1 percent) 

will need to be provided. 

Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio 

There are two remaining central alternatives, C4A and C4B, with service classifications for both 

higher speed service (HrSR) and high speed rail (HSR). 

9.2.2.1 Alternative C4A (HrSR and HSR) 

The first is alternative is C4A. This alternative begins in Fort Worth continues east to Dallas, turns 

south in Dallas to Hillsboro, and then connects the cities of Waco, Austin and San Antonio. The 

segment is approximately 335 miles long. The specific routing of the C4A alternative includes 

connections through the Fort Worth to Dallas Metroplex area by following the existing TRE corridor, 

then turning south in Dallas and using the IH-35 E corridor to Hillsboro where it joins the UPRR Fort 

Worth Sub followed by the UPRR Waco Sub as far as Route 79. The route then enters a Greenfield 

corridor into Austin with continuing routing south, still on a Greenfield alignment, into San Antonio. 

As this segment includes the partial utilization of existing freight corridors, the Freight criteria 

(Section 2.0 – Development of Initial Range of Alternatives) will need to be considered for any 

shared corridor sections. 

The HrSR option of alternative C4A is designed for higher speeds on either a parallel to freight or 

Greenfield corridor. At grade crossings are permitted for this speed classification. The HSR option of 

alternative C4A is designed mostly for high speeds on a parallel to freight or Greenfield corridor, 

and at grade crossings are not permitted at high speed. There are 537 crossings that exist along 

this corridor and for both the HrSR and HSR options 51 percent (approximately 274) of them will 

need to be grade separated, 18 percent (approximately 96) will need to be upgraded to four 

quadrant gates for train and vehicle protection, 16 percent (approximately 85) of the crossings are 

already grade separated, 1 percent (approximately 6) will need new at-grade crossing and 14 

percent (approximately 76) of the crossings can be permanently closed. 

9.2.2.2 Alternative C4B (HrSR and HSR) 

The second remaining central alternative is C4B. This alternative begins in Fort Worth continues 

east to Dallas and turns south at Arlington to Hillsboro. The alignment connects the cities of Waco, 

Austin and San Antonio. The segment is approximately 310 miles long. The specific routing of the 

C4A alternative includes connections through Fort Worth and the Dallas Metroplex area by following 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 9-6

the I-30 corridor. Midway through the Metroplex area, a connection to the south along the SR 360 

corridor to Route 287 where it becomes a Greenfield alignment to Hillsboro. In Hillsboro, the route 

joins the UPRR Fort Worth Sub followed by the UPRR Waco Sub as far as Route 79 extends into 

Austin and continues south on a greenfield alignment to San Antonio. As this segment includes the 

partial utilization of existing freight corridors, the Freight criteria (Section 2.0 – Development of 

Initial Range of Alternatives) will need to be considered for any shared corridor sections.

The HrSR option of alternative C4B is designed for higher speeds on either a parallel to freight or 

Greenfield corridor. At grade crossings are permitted for this speed classification. The HSR option of 

alternative C4B is designed mostly for high speeds on a parallel to freight or Greenfield corridor, 

and at grade crossings are not permitted at high speeds. There are 520 crossings that exist along 

this corridor and for both the HrSR and HSR options 67 percent (approximately 351) of them will 

need to be grade separated, 11 percent (approximately 57) will be upgraded to four quadrant gates 

for train and vehicle protection, 9 percent (approximately 47) of the crossings are already grade 

separated, 1 percent (approximately 5) will need new at-grade crossing and 12 percent 

(approximately 60) of the crossings can be permanently closed. 

9.3 Southern Section: San Antonio to South Texas 

There are two remaining southern alternatives, S4 and S6. Service classification includes HrSR for 

S4 and both higher speed service (HrSR) and high speed rail (HSR) for S6. The option to extend to 

Monterrey, Mexico is included for S4 and S6 under all service classifications identified.

Alternative S4 (HrSR) 

The S4 alternative begins in San Antonio and continues south towards Corpus Christi and in Alice 

this alternative splits into three legs. The East leg traverses into Corpus Christi, the West leg 

extends into Laredo and the South leg travels to Brownsville. The S4 alternative is approximately 

415 miles long with connections to San Antonio and Alice on the UPRR Corpus Christi Sub. S4 then 

follows the I-37 highway corridor and then branches off to follow Route 281 into Alice. The East leg 

connects to Corpus Christi via the KCS Laredo Sub the West leg follows the KCS Laredo Sub part of 

the route to Laredo and provides some Greenfield alignment. The South leg continues to follow 

Route 281 to McAllen and connects east along Route 83 to the UPRR Brownsville Sub and extends 

south before terminating in Brownsville. As this segment includes the partial utilization of existing 

freight corridors, the Freight criteria will need to be considered for any shared corridor sections. The 

S4 Alternative is a higher speed rail alternative. 

Alternative S6 (HrSR and HSR) 

The second remaining southern alternative is S6. This alternative connects San Antonio and 

Laredo. This alternative is approximately 145 miles long. The specific routing of the S4 alternative 

includes connections between San Antonio to Laredo along the UPRR Laredo Sub and a Greenfield 

alignment. As this segment includes the partial utilization of existing freight corridors, the Freight 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 9-7

criteria will need to be considered for any shared corridor sections. The S6 Alternative has both 

higher speed rail and high speed rail options. 

The HrSR option of alternative S6 is designed for higher speeds on a shared corridor, parallel to 

freight or Greenfield corridor, at grade crossings are permitted. The HSR option of alternative S6 is 

designed mostly for high speeds on a parallel to freight or Greenfield corridor, at grade crossings 

are not permitted for high speed. There are 63 crossings that will be needed along this corridor and 

for both the HrSR and HSR options 100 percent will need to be grade separated.

TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 10-1

10.0 Summary of Public Outreach and Feedback 

One of the evaluation criteria considered in the TOPRS Route Alternatives Analysis is the level of 

community or agency support, interest, or opposition for the route alternatives under consideration. 

The public meetings, stakeholder meetings, and other efforts that were carried out to solicit the 

public feedback needed for the Alternatives Analysis were included in the Study’s Public 

Involvement Plan, which was developed by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), in 

coordination with the Oklahoma Department of Transportation and the Federal Railroad 

Administration (FRA). As part of the public involvement effort, public meetings were held as well as 

individual meetings with key stakeholder groups identified by the team including local jurisdictions, 

local transportation planning groups, and railroads. The key components of this public involvement 

effort are described below.

10.1 Pubic Open House Meetings 

To solicit public feedback on the route alternatives under consideration, eight public meetings were 

held throughout Oklahoma and Texas in January and February 2014. In addition, an “Online Public 

Meeting,” described in greater detail below, was available that allowed individuals to provide 

comments via computer.

Notice 

TxDOT distributed press releases, placed paid newspaper ads, used Facebook and Twitter, and sent 

emails to the 500 person study mailing list to promote the meetings. The team also distributed 

posters and newsletters to Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and other local 

organizations for them to send to their respective constituencies. The Study received thorough 

media coverage in local newspapers and TV, including: Valley Morning Star, MySA, The Monitor, 

Dallas Morning News, Tulsa World, News9 (in Oklahoma), NBC (in Dallas-Fort Worth), Killeen Daily 

Herald, Progressive Railroading, San Marcos Mercury, Waco Tribune, KXXV News Channel 25 (in 

Waco), Waco Tribune, and the Hillsboro Reporter. 

10.1.1.1 In-person Public Meetings 

TxDOT hosted eight in-person public meetings along the IH-35 corridor between January 27 and 

February 6, 2014. A total of 259 people signed-in at the meetings and 43 submitted comment 

forms. All meetings included time for participants to review displays and talk with staff, as well as 

listen to a formal presentation that included a question and answer session. All meetings 

included the same materials and information. 

The meetings included display boards providing information about the purpose and need of the

Study, graphics illustrating the route alternatives, and information about the decision-making 

process. Meeting attendees received study newsletters, which also outlined this information, and 

comment forms that could be returned at the meeting or mailed in before February 28, 2014. 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 10-2

A PowerPoint presentation showing all of the display boards was translated into Spanish, including 

a Spanish narration of the slides, was available to meeting attendees. 

Public Meeting Date/Time City Attendance 

Monday, January 27, 2014, 6-8 p.m. Waco 36

Tuesday, January 28, 2014, 6-8 p.m. Austin 19

Wednesday, January 29, 2014, 5:30-7:30 p.m. McAllen 53

Thursday, January 30, 2014, 6-8 p.m. Laredo 24

Monday, February 3, 2014, 6-8 p.m. Oklahoma City 11

Tuesday, February 4, 2014, 6-8 p.m. Ardmore 13

Wednesday, February 5, 2014, 11 a.m.-1 p.m. Dallas and Fort Worth 61

Thursday, February 6, 2014, 6-8 p.m. San Antonio 42

Online Public Meeting 

The team also created an “online public meeting” that was designed to replicate the in-person 

meeting format allowing community members to virtually review materials and provide comments 

until the closing date of February 28, 2014. Approximately 4,500 unique visitors (90% of which 

were new visitors) viewed the online public meeting between January 13 and February 28, 2014. 

Visitors were mostly driven to the site by earned media (newspaper or TV coverage). A high 

percentage of visitors came to the site from a Houston Chronicle article (about 35% of all visitors). 

TxDOT Facebook and Twitter accounts were also a large origin point for visitors (23% of all visitors). 

Comments Collected 

In total, more than 600 comments were received. The team summarized the comments collected 

at the public meetings, online (online public meeting, Twitter, and Facebook), as well as through 

emails and letters. The sections below describe the most common comments collected.

Comments generally supported the study recommendations. In some cases, comments reflect 

specific concerns about property impacts, or tax payer investment in either studying or constructing 

rail projects. Generally, comments point to desired station locations, route choices, and priorities 

for projects or modifications. 

10.2 Stations, Alignments, and Extensions 

The information presented at the public meetings and online divided the Study area into three 

sections (northern, central, and southern/Mexico). 
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 10-3

Northern - In the northern section, most comments showed support for the suggested alternatives 

and placed an emphasis on the importance of connecting Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio. A 

number of comments supported the need for stations in both Dallas and Fort Worth. 

Central - In the central section, many commenters expressed concern over alternatives without 

service to downtown Austin. Comments also suggested the need to connect to San Antonio, New 

Braunfels, and San Marcos. Some comments suggested that the team should consider routes both 

east and west of IH-35 (specifically to Houston and Amarillo).

Southern/Mexico - In the southern section, commenters questioned the viability of service in south 

Texas noting that population density may be too low to cover operating costs and highlighting that 

Amtrak dropped service to Laredo due to low ridership. Comments outlined a need for connections 

to McAllen, Corpus Christi, and Harlingen. Many comments supported a connection to Monterrey, 

Mexico via Laredo; many highlighted a need to serve Laredo on this line. 

Outside the IH-35 Corridor - Some commenters suggested that the corridor should be extended 

from Dallas to Houston or from Fort Worth West toward Amarillo. Several comments reflect the 

need to coordinate with other ongoing studies like the Lone Start Rail District project and Dallas to 

Houston rail study.

10.3 Service and Multi-Modal Connections 

Commenters noted that TxDOT should only study a high speed connection south of Dallas and Fort 

Worth, but not north into Oklahoma. Comments suggested using abandoned rail rights-of-way, 

using routes that are separate from freight routes, or adding capacity to existing rail lines. 

Comments noted that frequency, speed, and connections to local transit systems would be 

important to creating a successful system. 

10.4 Environmental Issues 

Commenters suggested that rail lines should be located away from pipelines and that geology 

should be considered in the central section. Many expressed concerns about impacts to property 

owners.

10.5 Stakeholder Meetings 

In addition to the public meetings, a three focused stakeholder meetings were held to solicit 

comments from resource agencies, elected officials, tribal representatives, transit agencies, and 

environmental interest groups. At these meetings, the public meeting materials were presented 

and attendees were encouraged to submit comments. Organization representatives were 

encouraged to attend the public meetings, as well as to invite (via email and distribution of a flyer) 

their constituents and members to attend.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 10-4

10.6 Incorporation of Public Input into the Alternatives Analysis 

Comments provided by the public and by stakeholder groups were compiled and summarized in the 

TOPRS Alternative Analysis Report. This summary of public feedback provided information that 

enabled the Study team to incorporate public support for and opposition to route alternatives into 

preliminary studies, development of the Alternatives Analysis criteria, and during the analysis itself.
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 11-1

11.0 Initial Cost Estimates 

The conceptual costs per mile were estimated using basic infrastructure costing categories while 

applying the team’s knowledge of recent rail project costs. These costs have also taken into 

consideration relevant transportation industry standard unit costs applied to the quantities 

proposed. The quantities illustrated in the estimates were analysed and extracted from the 

conceptual route alignments provided and categorized by their independent operating 

characteristics and service type.

The infrastructure costs depend greatly on the characteristics of the service type, the location of the 

improvements and basic peripheral necessities. Track configurations were analysed and costs 

prepared based on the service types along each rail segment. These costs took into account 

general right of way assessment, track construction, rail and roadway structure requirements, 

necessary communication systems and professional services. Appropriate contingencies were 

applied to reflect the stage of analysis. The initial cost estimates along with specific assumptions of 

the individual service types are provided below in Table 11-1a, 11-1b and 11-1c. For ease of review 

purposes Table 11-1a and 11-1b include repeat rows for each of the originally considered 

alternatives with different column metrics/values. Table 11-1c includes descriptions and values 

used for cost estimation along with notes and assumptions.
Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report 11-2

TBG071514033405SD

Table 11-1a: Initial Cost Estimates

Route Name "T" Segments 

Route 

Length 

(miles) 

Conventional 

Cost (110 

mph) 

Higher Type A - 

"Shared-ROW" 

Cost (125 

mph) 

Higher Type 

B - "HSRLite" Cost 

(125 mph) 

HSR Cost 

(220 mph) Total 

Total with 

TRE 

Segments 

Costs 

Allocated 

25% North 

and 75% 

Central 

N1A (Conv) 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, 20, 19, 15 273 $1,803,770,000 $1,803,770,000 $664,662,500 

N1A (Higher Type A) 1, 2, 6 ,12, 18, 20, 19, 15 273 $5,492,830,000 $5,492,830,000 $4,353,722,500 

N1B (Conv) 1, 2, 8, 12, 18, 20, 19, 15 272 $1,802,650,000 $1,802,650,000 $663,542,500 

N1B (Higher Type A) 1, 2, 8, 12, 18, 20, 19, 15 272 $5,477,340,000 $5,477,340,000 $4,338,232,500 

N2 (Higher Type B) 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 18, 20, 19, 15 248 $2,830,050,000 $2,830,050,000 $1,690,942,500 

N2 (HSR) 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 22, 17, 15 240 $5,235,080,000 $5,235,080,000 N/A 

N4A (Conv)

1, 3, 5, 10, 12, 18, 20, 19,

15 260 $1,790,330,000 $1,790,330,000 $651,222,500 

N4A (Higher Type A)

1, 3, 5, 10, 12, 18, 20, 19,

15 260 $5,738,040,000 $5,738,040,000 $4,598,932,500 

N4B (Conv) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 18, 20, 19, 15 260 $4,088,990,000 $4,088,990,000 $2,937,012,500 

N4B (Higher Type A) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 18, 20, 19, 15 260 $7,251,200,000 $7,251,200,000 $6,099,222,500 

N4C (Conv)

1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 18, 20,

19, 15 259 $1,853,450,000 $1,853,450,000 $714,342,500 

N4C (Higher Type A)

1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 18, 20,

19, 15 259 $6,224,880,000 $6,224,880,000 $5,085,772,500 
Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report 11-3

TBG071514033405SD

Table 11-1a: Initial Cost Estimates

Route Name "T" Segments 

Route 

Length 

(miles) 

Conventional 

Cost (110 

mph) 

Higher Type A - 

"Shared-ROW" 

Cost (125 

mph) 

Higher Type 

B - "HSRLite" Cost 

(125 mph) 

HSR Cost 

(220 mph) Total 

Total with 

TRE 

Segments 

Costs 

Allocated 

25% North 

and 75% 

Central 

C1 (Conv)

26, 33, 32, 34, 18, 20, 19,

15 226 $1,759,850,000 $1,759,850,000 $1,380,147,500 

C1 (Higher)

26, 33, 35, 34, 18, 20, 19,

15 227 $4,594,980,000 $4,594,980,000 $4,215,277,500 

C2A (Conv)

24, 28, 30, 31, 33, 32, 34,

18, 20, 19, 15 321 $1,893,530,000 $1,893,530,000 $1,513,827,500 

C2A (Higher)

24, 28, 30, 31, 33, 35, 34,

18, 20, 19, 15 322 $6,954,575,800 $6,954,575,800 $6,574,873,300 

C2B (Conv)

13, 27, 29, 31, 33, 32, 34,

18, 20, 19, 15 316 $1,914,810,000 $1,914,810,000 $1,535,107,500 

C2B (Higher)

13, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 34,

18, 20, 19, 15 317 $5,573,480,000 $5,573,480,000 $5,193,777,500 

C4A (Higher)

13, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 34,

18, 20, 19, 15 333 $4,602,970,000 $4,602,970,000 $4,223,267,500 

C4A (HSR)

13, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 34,

22, 17 323 $5,651,800,000 $5,651,800,000 N/A 

C4B (Higher) 25, 31, 33, 35, 34, 22, 17 312 $4,653,560,000 $4,653,560,000 N/A 

C4B (HSR) 25, 31, 33, 35, 34, 22, 17 312 $5,358,260,000 $5,358,260,000 N/A 

S2 (Conv) 38, 48 153 $171,360,000 $171,360,000 N/A 
Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report 11-4

TBG071514033405SD

Table 11-1a: Initial Cost Estimates

Route Name "T" Segments 

Route 

Length 

(miles) 

Conventional 

Cost (110 

mph) 

Higher Type A - 

"Shared-ROW" 

Cost (125 

mph) 

Higher Type 

B - "HSRLite" Cost 

(125 mph) 

HSR Cost 

(220 mph) Total 

Total with 

TRE 

Segments 

Costs 

Allocated 

25% North 

and 75% 

Central 

S2 (Higher Type A) 38, 48 153 $2,369,970,000 $2,369,970,000 N/A 

S4 (Higher Type B) 37, 40, 43, 45, 42, 47, 46 418 $2,457,840,000 $2,457,840,000 N/A 

S4 (HSR) 37, 40, 43, 45, 42, 47, 46 418 $3,586,440,000 $3,586,440,000 N/A 

S4*BC (Higher Type 

B) 37, 40, 43, 42, 47, 46 326 $1,916,880,000 $1,916,880,000 N/A 

S5 (Conv) 37, 39, 41, 44, 46 277 $310,240,000 $310,240,000 N/A 

S5 (Higher Type A) 37, 39, 41, 44, 46 277 $4,290,730,000 $4,290,730,000 N/A 

S6 (Higher Type B) 36 143 $840,840,000 $840,840,000 N/A 

S6 (HSR) 36 143 $1,226,940,000 $1,226,940,000 N/A 

1. All costs are $2013 dollars

2. This report only describes construction costs; no planning or design costs are included.

3. Cost include real estate acquisition, but excludes any additional railroad agreement costs.

4. Mexican costruction costs per mile for greenfield railroad track construction are considered to be 65% of comparable US contruction costs
Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report 11-5

TBG071514033405SD

Table 11-1b: Initial Cost Estimates

Route Name "T" Segments 

Route 

Length 

(miles) 

Total if Paying to 

Go to Monterrey Cost/Mile 

Cost Less 

Dallas-Fort 

Worth 

Length Less 

Dallas-Fort 

Worth 

Cost/Mile 

Less DallasFort Worth 

Figure Eight 

Cost / 

Passenger - 

Mile 

Cost / 

Passenger Mile 

with 25%Mprth 

and 75% 

Central TRE 

Cost Split 

Cost / 

Passenger - 

Mile - to 

Monterrey 

(Mexican Costs 

included at 

65%) 

Cost / 

Passenger - 

Mile - to 

Monterrey 

(Mexican Costs 

NOT included) 

N1A (Conv) 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, 20, 19, 15 273 N/A $6,607,216 $255,360,000 228 $1,120,000 $28.74 $10.59 

N1A (Higher Type A) 1, 2, 6 ,12, 18, 20, 19, 15 273 N/A $20,120,256 $3,531,720,000 228 $15,490,000 $58.27 $46.19 

N1B (Conv) 1, 2, 8, 12, 18, 20, 19, 15 272 N/A $6,627,390 $254,240,000 227 $1,120,000 $28.71 $10.57 

N1B (Higher Type A) 1, 2, 8, 12, 18, 20, 19, 15 272 N/A $20,137,279 $3,516,230,000 227 $15,490,000 $58.26 $46.15 

N2 (Higher Type B) 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 18, 20, 19, 15 248 N/A $11,411,492 $970,200,000 137 $7,081,752 $31.99 $19.12 

N2 (HSR) 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 22, 17, 15 240 N/A $21,812,833 $1,561,560,000 182 $8,580,000 $52.76 N/A 

N4A (Conv) 1, 3, 5, 10, 12, 18, 20, 19, 15 260 N/A $6,885,885 $198,240,000 177 $1,120,000 $28.93 $10.52 

N4A (Higher Type A) 1, 3, 5, 10, 12, 18, 20, 19, 15 260 N/A $22,069,385 $2,741,730,000 177 $15,490,000 $64.87 $51.99 

N4B (Conv) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 18, 20, 19, 15 260 N/A $15,726,885 $198,240,000 177 $1,120,000 $66.08 $47.46 

N4B (Higher Type A) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 18, 20, 19, 15 260 N/A $27,889,231 $2,741,730,000 177 $15,490,000 $81.98 $68.95 

N4C (Conv) 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 18, 20, 19, 15 259 N/A $7,156,178 $204,160,000 179 $1,140,559 $29.95 $11.54 

N4C (Higher Type A) 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 18, 20, 19, 15 259 N/A $24,034,286 $2,794,870,000 179 $15,613,799 $70.37 $57.50 

C1 (Conv) 26, 33, 32, 34, 18, 20, 19, 15 226 N/A $7,786,947 $241,040,000 184 $1,310,000 $10.02 $7.86 

C1 (Higher) 26, 33, 35, 34, 18, 20, 19, 15 227 N/A $20,242,203 $3,076,170,000 185 $16,627,946 $7.43 $6.82 

C2A (Conv)

24, 28, 30, 31, 33, 32, 34, 18,

20, 19, 15 321

N/A $5,898,847 $285,840,000 224 $1,276,071 $6.78 $5.42 

C2A (Higher)

24, 28, 30, 31, 33, 35, 34, 18,

20, 19, 15 322

N/A $21,598,061 $3,695,770,000 225 $16,425,644 $11.38 $10.75 

C2B (Conv)

13, 27, 29, 31, 33, 32, 34, 18,

20, 19, 15 316

N/A $6,059,525 $291,760,000 226 $1,290,973 $6.86 $5.50 

C2B (Higher)

13, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 34, 18,

20, 19, 15 317

N/A $17,581,956 $3,748,910,000 227 $16,515,022 $9.12 $8.50 

C4A (Higher)

13, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 34, 18,

20, 19, 15 333

N/A $13,822,733 $1,391,460,000 227 $6,129,780 $7.53 $6.91 

C4A (HSR) 13, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 34, 22, 17 323 N/A $17,497,833 $2,093,520,000 244 $8,580,000 $7.95 N/A 

C4B (Higher) 25, 31, 33, 35, 34, 22, 17 312 N/A $14,915,256 $1,843,560,000 297 $6,207,273 $7.61 N/A 

C4B (HSR) 25, 31, 33, 35, 34, 22, 17 312 N/A $17,173,910 $2,548,260,000 297 $8,580,000 $7.54 N/A 
Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report 11-6

TBG071514033405SD

Table 11-1b: Initial Cost Estimates

Route Name "T" Segments 

Route 

Length 

(miles) 

Total if Paying to 

Go to Monterrey Cost/Mile 

Cost Less 

Dallas-Fort 

Worth 

Length Less 

Dallas-Fort 

Worth 

Cost/Mile 

Less DallasFort Worth 

Figure Eight 

Cost / 

Passenger - 

Mile 

Cost / 

Passenger Mile 

with 25%Mprth 

and 75% 

Central TRE 

Cost Split 

Cost / 

Passenger - 

Mile - to 

Monterrey 

(Mexican Costs 

included at 

65%) 

Cost / 

Passenger - 

Mile - to 

Monterrey 

(Mexican Costs 

NOT included) 

S2 (Conv) 38, 48 153 N/A $1,120,000 N/A N/A N/A $19.35 N/A 

S2 (Higher Type A) 38, 48 153 N/A $15,490,000 N/A N/A N/A $225.13 N/A 

S4 (Higher Type B) 37, 40, 43, 45, 42, 47, 46 418 $2,977,632,000 $5,880,000 N/A N/A N/A $42.22 N/A $12.64 $10.44 

S4 (HSR) 37, 40, 43, 45, 42, 47, 46 418 $4,858,516,000 $8,580,000 N/A N/A N/A $51.56 N/A $18.44 $13.61 

S4*BC (Higher Type B) 37, 40, 43, 42, 47, 46 326 $2,436,672,000 $5,880,000 N/A N/A N/A $34.55 N/A $11.98 $9.42 

S5 (Conv) 37, 39, 41, 44, 46 277 N/A $1,120,000 N/A N/A N/A $3.45 N/A 

S5 (Higher Type A) 37, 39, 41, 44, 46 277 N/A $15,490,000 N/A N/A N/A $40.69 N/A 

S6 (Higher Type B) 36 143 $1,429,428,000 $5,880,000 N/A N/A N/A $79.87 N/A $9.08 $5.34 

S6 (HSR) 36 143 $2,667,379,000 $8,580,000 N/A N/A N/A $103.36 N/A $14.35 $6.60 

1. All costs are $2013 dollars

2. This report only describes construction costs; no planning or design costs are included.

3. Cost include real estate acquisition, but excludes any additional railroad agreement costs.

4. Mexican costruction costs per mile for greenfield railroad track construction are considered to be 65% of comparable US contruction costs
Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report 11-7

TBG071514033405SD

Table 11-1c: Initial Cost Estimates, TOPRS Track Estimates

Description Units Unit Cost Subtotal Per Mile Per-Mile 

Upgrade Existing Single Freight Rail Track TF $93.00 5280 $491,040.00 

New Single Track Construction TF $186.00 5,280 $982,080.00 

New Double Track Construction TF $372.00 5,280 $1,964,160.00 

Embankment Single Track construction (Assume 5-ft Fill) CY $8.90 28,355.56 $252,364.48 

Embankment Double Track construction (Assume 5-ft Fill) CY $8.90 43,022.22 $382,897.76 

ROW Acquired - 100-ft (Rural) Lin. MILE $1,000,000.00 1.00 $1,000,000.00 

ROW Acquired - 100-ft (Urban) LIN. MILE $1,500,000.00 1.00 $1,500,000.00 

Install 48-inch RCP Drainage Culvert (CL V) every 500 feet LF $330.00 0.10 $33.00 

ighway Bridge - 2 Lane EACH $2,000,000.00 

Assume one per five 

miles 0.20 $400,000.00 

Highway Bridge - 4 Lane EACH $4,000,000.00 

Assume one per two 

miles 0.50 $2,000,000.00 

Railroad Bridge - 1 track, More than 25 feet tall TF $13,000.00 100 $1,300,000.00 

Railroad Bridge - 2 tracks, Less than 25 ft. tall TF $18,300.00 100 $1,830,000.00 

Railroad Bridge - 2 tracks, More than 25 feet tall TF $22,500.00 200 $4,500,000.00 

Electric Power System (Electrification) LS per mile $2,500,000.00 $2,500,000.00 

Railroad Crossover EACH $10,000,000.00 0.07 $666,666.67 

Crash wall Barrier between tracks LF $1,000.00 5280 $5,280,000.00 

Fencing LF $20.00 5280 $105,600.00 

Purchase of Control of Access for Rural Greenfield Sites LF $5.00 5280 $26,400.00 

Rail Signal System (CTC) LS per mile $1,000,000.00 1 $1,000,000.00 

Rail Signal System with PTC LS per mile $2,000,000.00 $2,000,000.00 

Railroad Franchise ROW (Rural) LS per mile $1,000,000.00 $1,000,000.00 

Railroad Franchise ROW (Urban) LS per mile $2,000,000.00 $2,000,000.00 
Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report 11-8

TBG071514033405SD

General Cost Per Mile for each Service Type 

Existing Rail Corridor Greenfield 

Rural Urban Rural Urban 

Conventional (79 -90 mph) Cost-per-Mile $1,120,000.00 $2,960,000.00 N/A N/A 

Higher Speed (Type A) (110-125 mph) -Crash wall barrier without Electrification- Cost-per-Mile $15,490,000.00 $26,570,000.00 N/A N/A 

Higher Speed (Type B) (110-125 mph) -No Crash Wall or Electrification- Cost-per-Mile N/A N/A $5,880,000.00 $8,580,000.00 

High Speed (180-220 mph) - No Crash wall with Electrification - Cost-per-Mile N/A N/A $14,390,000.00 N/A 

 Notes and Assumptions 

General Assumptions

1. Estimate unit cost per 2013 TXDOT Stwd Bid, BNSF, and/or previous projects

2. A 40% Contingency added to the costs to address upgrades to non PTC signals and grade crossings and other items

3. No Environmental Mitigation Costs are included within the infrastructure costs

4. DOES NOT INCLUDE STATION COSTS WITHIN THE COST PER MILE LISTED ABOVE

Conventional Cost Per Mile Basis of Estimate

5. Upgrade existing track to higher speed assuming new ties and resurfacing and replacing a single track rail bridge every 5 miles, no new road overpasses

6. Assume that existing sidings need to be increased for freight traffic, 10% additional track added.

7.

For Urban Segments, assume a existing double track with upgraded tracks assuming new ties, resurfacing, and replacing a double track rail bridge every 5 miles and new 

rail cross over every 15 miles

8. NO ROW ACQUISTION COSTS OR TRACKAGE RIGHTS INCLUDED IN COST PER MILE

Higher Speed (Type A) - Passenger Service added to Existing Freight Rail R/W

9.

For Rural area, construct two (2) new tracks (Freight and Passenger tracks with sidings. Assumed 75% Single Track and 25% Double Track for sidings for both Freight and 

Passenger. Assumes no new roadway bridges. Assumes new railroad bridge every five miles

10.

For Urban area, construct four (4) new tracks (2-Freight and 2-Passenger tracks). A new freight rail cross over is installed every 15 miles and no new roadway bridges. 

Assumes new railroad bridge every five miles. Assume that sidings need to be increased, 10% additional track added.

11. Assumes relocation of existing freight rail CTC and new CTC signals for the Passenger rail

12. For Urban segments, assume one (1) new four lane highway bridge every mile.

13. Assume Railroad Francise ROW for rural and urban. 

14. NO ROW ACQUISTION COSTS OR TRACKAGE RIGHTS INCLUDED IN COST PER MILE
Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report 11-9

TBG071514033405SD

 Notes and Assumptions 

Higher Speed (Type B) - Greenfield Passenger Service

15. Construct a new single passenger rail line within new 100 foot right of wayassuming 25% of length for sidings with new single track rail bridge every 5 miles

16. For rural segments, assume one (1) new two lane highway bridge every five miles.

17. Includes Fencing Costs and control of access costs

18. For Urban segments, assume one (1) new four lane highway bridge every two miles.

High Speed - Greenfield Passenger Service

19. Construct two (2) new passenger rail line within new 100 foot right of way with new single track rail bridge every 5 miles

20. For rural segments, assume one (1) new two lane highway bridge every five miles.

21. Includes Fencing Costs and control of access costs
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 12-2

12.0 Conclusions 

The TOPRS Alternatives Analysis comprises a number of analyses and rounds of screening 

designed to identify the range of alternatives to be included in the TOPRS service-level 

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) (see Figure 12-1). As part of the Alternatives analysis, a 

range of studies were completed to allow evaluation and comparison of alternatives.

The first screening was completed through the Initial Range of Route Alternatives process, which 

looked at a wide range of possible alternatives that could provide additional or new passenger rail 

service between Oklahoma City and south Texas including routes that followed the existing railroad 

network, the existing interstate highway network, and several potential greenfield corridors. The 

goal of this analysis was to screen routes for overall feasibility and fatal flaws, with a focus on 

findings from the Oklahoma City to South Texas Infrastructure Analysis (TxDOT 2013a), and consent 

of railroads to continue studying routes that required use of existing railroad rights-of-way. The 

routes that passed this initial level of screening were carried forward into the TOPRS Route 

Alternatives Analysis.

The TOPRS Route Alternatives Analysis was conducted to compare study route alternatives and 

service-level options by geographic section (Northern, Central, and Southern), with the objective of 

screening out alternatives that are fatally flawed or that performed considerably less well than 

other alternatives within the same geographic section. The data used to perform this comparison 

were generated through a number of the evaluations and models discussed in this report. This 

included analysing parameters such as ridership, evaluation of station locations, and estimation of 

capital costs.

As part of the Route Alternatives Analysis, evaluations based on the ability of each alternative to 

fulfil the Purpose and Need, the estimated cost, potential environmental issues, and the level of 

community or agency support or opposition were conducted. The following route alternatives, 

classified by the respective Northern (N), Central (C), and Southern (S) segment and service-level 

(conventional, higher speed, and high speed), were recommended to be carried forward into the EIS 

based on the results from the Route Alternative Analysis:

 N4A – conventional speed

 C2B – conventional speed

 C4A – higher-speed and high speed

 C4B – higher-speed and high speed

 S4 – higher-speed

 S5 – conventional speed

 S6 – higher-speed
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 12-3

Figure 12-1: Route Alternatives and Options Recommended for Evaluation in the EIS
TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 12-4

Subsequent to the Route Alternatives Analysis, input from stakeholders resulted in screening out of 

two route alternatives along with the addition of one new route alternative. Alternatives C2B and S5 

were screened out because of potential conflicts with existing freight rail service. Alternative C4C, 

identical to C4A, but with a leg connecting Hillsboro to Fort Worth, was added. With these changes, 

the final range of alternatives being carried forward into the TOPRS service-level EIS is:

Northern Section: Alternative N4A with conventional service

Central Section: Alternatives C4A, C4B, and C4C with higher speed and high-speed service

Southern Section: Alternative S4 with higher speed service, and Alternative S6 with higher and high 

speed service.

TBG071514033405SDO

Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study November 2014

Alternatives Analysis Report Page 12-5

This report was written on behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation by CH2M HILL

www.ch2m.com