DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 455

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1917

PART ¥. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI 

RIVER BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. G. HOYT, District Engineer , ,-

Prepared in cooperation with the States of 

MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, IOWA, and ILLINOIS

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 

1919
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work............................................ 7

Definition of terms......................................................... .8

Explanation of data. ........................................................ 9

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 10

Cooperation................................................................ 11

Division of work.......................................................... 12

Gaging-station records...................................................... 12

Hudson Bay drainage basins............................................ 12

St. Mary River near Babb, Mont. .................................. 12

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta............................... 14

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont.......................... 18

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont.............................. 20

TJ. S. Reclamation Service St. Mary canal at Hudson Bay divide,

near Browning, Mont........................................... 21

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn........... 22

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak....................................... 24

Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak................................. 26

Mustinka River above Wheaton, Minn.............................. 27

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.............................. 29

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak............................... 31

Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn.......................... 31

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn................ .............. 33

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn............................ 35

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.......................... 36

Roseau River at Caribou, Minn.................................... 38

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak...................................... 39

Evaporation at University, N. Dak.................................. 41

Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn.................'....................... 42

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn........................... 43

Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn-............................... 44

Vermilion River below Vermilion Lake, near-Tower, Minn.......... 47

Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn............................... 48

Upper Mississippi River basin ......................................... 50

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn................................ 50

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.................................. 52

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn................................... 54

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn....:......................... 55

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn..................................... 57

Crow River at Rockford, Minn...................................... 59

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn............................ 62

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn................................ 64

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn................................. 65

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis........................................ 67

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis............................. 69

3
4 CONTENTS.

Gaging-station records Continued.

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin Continued. Page.

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis..................................... 70

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn.................................. 71

Snake River near Pine City, Minn................................... 72

Apple River near Somerset, Wis.................................... 74

Kinnikinnic River near River Falls, Wis............................. 76

CMppewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near Winter, Wis................. 78

CMppewa River near Bruce, Wis................................... 80

CMppewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis............................. 81

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis................................ 84

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis............................... 86

Jump River at Sheldon, Wis....................................... 87

Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis................................. 89

Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis.................................. 90

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis................................ 93

Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis............................... 94

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn............................... 96

South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn............. 98

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis.................................. 99

Black River at Neillsville, Wis.................................... 101

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis............................... 103

Root River near Houston, Minn..................................... 105

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn................... 107

Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis........ 109

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis..................................... Ill

Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis................................. 113

Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis.................................. 115

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis................................. 117

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis...................................... 118

Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis..................................... 120

Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis........................... 121

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis.............................. 123

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis.................................. 125

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis................................ 127

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa..................................... 129

Maquoketa River below North Fork of Maquoketa River, near

Maquoketa, Iowa................................................ 130

Hock River at Afton, Wis......................................... 131

Hock River at Rockfdrd, 111....................................... 133

Rock River at Lyndon, 111........................................ 134

Yahara River near Edgerton, Wis................................... 136

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis...................................... 138

Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111................................... 139

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.................................... 141

Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa................................. 143

Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa...................................... 144

Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa....................................... 146

Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa................................... 147

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa.,................................ 149

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa............................. 151

Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa..................................... 152

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa..................................... 154

Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa................................... 155
CONTENTS. 5

Gaging-station records Continued.

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin Continued. Page.

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa.............................. 157

Des Moines River at Ottumwa, Iowa............................... 158

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa............................. 159

Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa................................. 160

Illinois River at Peoria, 111......................................... 162

Kankakee River at Momence, 111.................................. 168

Kankakee River at Ouster Park, 111................................ 170

Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111.................................... 171

Des Plaines River at Joliet, 111...................................... 173

Fox River at Algonquin, 111....................................... 175

Fox River at Wedron, 111.......................................... 177

Vermilion River near Streator, 111.................................. 178

Spoon River at Seville, 111.......................................... 180

Sangamon River at Monticello, 111................................. 181

Sangamon River at Riverton., 111.................................. 183

Sangamon River near Oakford, 111.................................. 185

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, 111................. 188

South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant near Taylorville, 111... 191

Kaskasia River at Vandalia, 111..................................... 192

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111................................ 194

Big Muddy River at PlumfieLd, 111................................ 196

Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, 111............................. 199

Flood on Cedar River, Iowa, March 23-29, 1917............................ 201

Miscellaneous measurements............................................... 203

Index.................................................................... 205

Appendix Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... i

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station. ............... 8

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez. .. 9
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF HUDSON BAY AND 

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS, 1917.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting records of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1917.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have 

carried the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30,1895-1918.

1895....................................................... $12,500

1896....................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive............ i.......................... 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903to 1906,inclusive.-.-................................... 200,000

1907....................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1918,inclusive....................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 11.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,250 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1917, 1,180 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many 

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In 

connection with this work data were also collected in regard to pre7
8 SUBFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

cipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to 

publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix 

to this report.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flawing in a stream the "run-off" or 4< discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of 

water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfeet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, and 

millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A 

second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel of 

rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Kun-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing 

run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

"Millions of cubic feet" is applied to quantities of water stored in 

reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of flood control.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control," a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream channel below the gage which determine the stage-discharge 

relation at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be 

the same section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the 

gage the gage height to which the surface of the river falls when 

the discharge is reduced to zero.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 465 PLATE

PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER +55 PLATE II

. STEVENS CONTINUOUS. B. GURLEY PRINTING.

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FR1EZ.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V. 9 

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1916, and ending September 30, 1917. At the beginning of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water in the form of snow 

or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes 

off in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off 

is possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for 

the year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation within that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations consist of records of 

stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to 

supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 

from direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder 

that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements 

of discharge are made with a current meter. (See Pis. I, II.) The 

general methods are outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when 

applied to the gage heights, give the discharge from which the daily, 

monthly, and yearly means of discharge are determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving records 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of the 

stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage height and records of discharge measurements 

are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the permanence of the stage-discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of control, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal 

fluctuation the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean 

daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If
10 " SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191T, PART V.

i

such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean daily J9

discharge may be obtained by averaging discharge at regular intervals 

during the day, or by using the discharge integrator, an instrument 

operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an 

essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest height, 

and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than given 

in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the mean 

gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the average 

flow in cubic feet per second during the month. On this average 

flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, which are 

defined on page 8, are based.

The deficiency table presented for some of the gaging stations shows 

the number of days in each year on which the mean daily discharge 

was less than the discharge given in the table. By subtraction the 

table gives the number of days each year that the mean daily discharge was between the discharges given in the table and, also by 

subtraction, the number of days that the mean daily discharge was 

equal to or greater than the discharge given. If one discharge rating 

table was used throughout the period covered by the deficiency table, 

gage heights that correspond to the discharges are also given.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanence of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

A paragraph in the description of the station gives information 

regarding the (1) permanence of the stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating curve is defined, (3) refinement 

of gage readings, (4) frequency of gage readings, and (5) methods of 

applying daily gage heights to the rating table to obtain the daily 

discharge.1

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the 

rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. 

These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the 

individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

i For a more detailed discussion of the accuracy of stream-flow data see Grover, N. C., and Hoyt, J. C., 

Accuracy of stream-flow data: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 63-59,1916.
COOPEBATION. 11

The monthly means for any station may represent with high 

accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by. lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for 

stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is 

less than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per square 

mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the 

Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent 

sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of-the flow 

at the station and should not be used for other than prdiminary 

estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies 

of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that 

the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw 

new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

In Montana the \work was done in cooperation with the United 

States Reclamation Service. The station on St. Mary River at 

Kimball, Alberta, was maintained in cooperation with the Canadian 

Department of Interior.

In Minnesota the work was carried on in cooperation with the 

State Drainage Commission, E. V. Willard, acting State drainage 

engineer, under terms of an act of the legislature of 1909 as embodied 

in joint resolution 19, which reads as follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of our 

lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally form 

one great asset and present one great problem, therefore:

Be it resolved by the house of representatives, the senate concurring, That the State 

drainage commission be, and is hereby, directed to investigate progress in other States 

toward the solution of said problem in such States, to investigate and determine the 

nature of said problems in this State.

The International Joint Commission maintained the water-stage 

recorder and paid the salary of the observer at the station .on Kawishiwi River near Winton, and the United States Engineer Corps 

paid the salaries of the observers at the stations on Minnesota River 

near Montevideo and Chippewa River near Watson.

In Wisconsin the work was carried on in cooperation with the 

Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, C. M. Larson, chief engineer, 

and at certain stations with the following organizations: Wisconsin-
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Minnesota Light & Power Co. (Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, 

Red Cedar River near Colfax, Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, 

Red Cedar River at Menomonie), Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. (Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge near Winter), Stoughton Municipal Electric Light System (Yahara River near Edgerton).

In Iowa the work was carried on in cooperation with the Iowa 

Geological Survey, George F. Kay, director, and the Mississippi 

River Power Co., of Keokuk, Iowa.

In Illinois work was carried on in cooperation with the State of 

Illinois, through the Rivers and Lakes Commission until June 30, 

and the Division of Waterways of Public Works and Buildings afterward, and at single stations with the United States Army Engineer 

Corps (Illinois River at Peoria) and th« Central Illinois Public Service 

Co. (South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant near Taylorville).

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in the Hudson Bay basin, except in Minnesota, were collected and prepared for publication under the direction 

of W. A. Lamb, district engineer, Helena, Mont., assisted by A. H. 

Tuttle and E. F. Chandler.

The data for stations in the Hudson Bay and Mississippi River 

basins in Minnesota were collected and prepared for publication 

under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, assisted by S. B. 

Soul6 and R. B. Kilgore, and by E. F. Chandler, assisted by T. M. 

WardweU, L. B. Dale, and H. A. Noble.

For stations in the Mississippi River basin in Wisconsin the data 

were collected for publication under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, 

assisted by E. L. Williams, R. B. Kilgore, F. W. Huels, and J. P. 

Schwada.

For stations in the Mississippi River basin hi Iowa the data'were 

collected under the general direction of W. G. Hoyt and under the 

immediate direction of R. H. Bolster, assisted by C. Herlofson and 

A. Davis. The data for stations in the Mississippi River basin in 

Illinois were collected under the general direction of W. G. Hoyt and 

under the immediate direction of H. C. Beckman, assisted by G. J. 

Trinkaus. A. M. Wohl, H. S. Wohl, and Marcia Towle.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR BABB, MONT. 

[Including diversion from Swiftcurrent Creek.]

LOCATION. About 1,040 feet above the head works of St. Mary canal, one-fourth mile 

below outlet of Lower St. Mary Lake, and 2 miles south of Babb, on Blackfeet 

Indian Reservation, in Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 278 square miles (including area of Swiftcurrent Creek above 

point of diversion into St. Mary Lake).
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 13

EBCORDS AVAILABLE. April 9,1902, to September 30, 1917. Records prior to October, 1915, do not include the flow of Swiftcurrent Creek.

GAGE. Chain gage on right bank. During the winter months a temporary low-water 

gage opposite the chain gage was read. Gages read by employees of the United 

States Reclamation Service.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 560 feet below gage, or by wading. 

Until September, 1909, the cable was at a point about 300 feet downstream from 

its present location.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream practically permanent. Banks high and 

not subject to overflow. The concrete diversion dam for the St. Mary canal, 

located 1,040 feet below the gage, forms the control. The dam is provided with 

flashboard sluice gates near the canal headgates. Stage-discharge relation is 

permanent when the flashboards in the sluice gates remain at the level of the 

crest of the dam.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.60 feet June 10 

and 11 (discharge, 4,160 second-feet); minimum discharge, 66 second-feet April 1. 

1902-1917: Maximum stage estimated at 9^4 feet June 5,1908 (discharge, 7,980 

second-feet); minimum discharge, 20 second-feet, April 3-7,1904. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice for short periods. 

DIVERSIONS. None. (

REGULATION. Natural storage in St. Mary Lakes. The flow of Swiftcurrent Creek 

was diverted into lower St. Mary Lake on October 1, 1915. The flow of this 

stream will be regulated by Sherburne Lake reservoir.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent when flashboards in sluice gates of 

dam are kept at level of crest of dam. Four rating curves have been developed 

and used for the periods noted: October 1-10, fairly well defined; October 11 to 

December 4 and April 11-19, and July 23 to September 9, well defined; April 20 

to July 22 and September 13-30, well defined; January 6 to April 5, poorly defined. Gage read twice daily during the open season and once daily in winter. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table except 

for periods affected by ice or by shifting control. Discharge, December 5 to 

January 5 estimated from temperature records and notes by observer. Records 

good.

The diversion dam below the gaging station was constructed by the United States 

Reclamation Service for the purpose of diverting water from St. Mary River into the 

St. Mary canal, which carries the water across the divide into the North Fork of Milk 

River. The water then flows in the natural channel of Milk River through Canada, 

and is finally used for irrigation in the Milk River Valley in Montana. The present 

capacity of the diversion canal is about 425 second-feet. A storage reservoir is being 

provided on Swiftcurrent Creek by constructing a dam at the outlet of Sherburne 

Lake. By means of a diversion channel connecting Swiftcurrent Creek and Lower 

St. Mary Lake, the run-off from Swiftcurrent Creek is made available for diversion 

through St. Mary canal.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by W. A. Lamb.J

Date.

Nov.23............... ........

Jan. 27.......................

Apr.13.. .....................

June 15............... ........

height.

feet. 

0.65

 .55

 .43

4.82

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

256

85

116

3,320

Date.

July 19. ......................

Aug. 16......... ..............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.45

3.58

1.75

1.69

Diseharga

Sec.-ft. 2asn

1.950

630

Qfift
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

462

462

444

426

409

392

360

330

301

287

236

245

265

245

255

265

245

255

311

337

471

452

366

287

245

190

171

180

190

177

190

Nov.

177

183

183

227

171

171

171

171

211

196

183

183

183

183

171

227

337

352

287

245

245

245

255

219

236

190

171

171

165

154

Dec.

154

150

171

159

150

146

143

140

139

138

138

137

137

136

136

135

135

134

134

133

133

132

132

131

131

130

130

127

125

122

110

Jan.

108

106

103

102

100

97

97

97

97

89

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

97 89

89

89

89

89

89

89

85

85

89

89

89

89

Feb.

89

89

89

89

81

81

73

73

70

70

73

73

77 ' 81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

Mar.

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

81

73

73

73

73

Apr.

66

70

73

73

73

79

86

93

100

107

114

114

119

119

124

128

128

128

133

125

125

165

165

165

165

165

205

205

205

205

May.

205

205

205

205

205

205

205

250

300

415

620

770

1,020

1,460

1,760

2,400

2,620

2,620

2,620

2,620

2,510

2,510

2,180

2,070

2,180

2,620

2,950

3,060

3,280

3,280

3,170

June,

2,840

2,840

2,620

2,620

2,510

2,510

2,510

2,950

3,500

3,940

4,160

4,160

3,830

3,500

3,280

3,390

3,610

3,880

3,940

4,000

3,940

3,940

3,830

3,660

3,610

3,500

3,390

3,220

3,060

2,900

July.

2,770

2,720

2,690

2,730

2,800

2,840

2,880

2,840

2,740

2,690

2,550

2,580

2,510

2,390

2,200

1,940

1,860

1,860

1,960-

1,960

1,900

1,840

1,740

1,560

1,460

1,340

1,280

1,250

1,250

1,170

1,220

Aug.

1,010

932

860

849

778

750

750

750

750

750

740

700

675

655

650

650

650

650

650

650

660

675

700

690

655

645

630

605

563

520

520

Sept.

511

507

467

463

463

433

430

398

398

388

377

366

355

385

385

385

385

367

367

355

355

355

355

355

355

355

355

355

355

355

NOTE. No gage-height record Dec. 5 to Jan. 5; discharge estimated from temperature records and notes 

by observer. ^Discharge estimated because of ipe for following periods: Jan. 21, 29-31, Feb. 1,16-28, and 

Mar. 1-11. Discharge, Apr. 6-10, interpolated because of change in stage-discharge relation.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for the year ending Sept. 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 278» square miles.]

Month.

O ctober ...........................

March...................... . ...

April ...........................

May...............................

July...............................

The year ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

471 

352 

171 

108 

89 

81 

205 

3,280 

4,160 

2,880 

1,010 

511

4,160

Min.Tnimi171

154 

110 

89 

70 

73 

66 

205 

2,510 

1,170 

520 

355

66

Mean.

305 

209 

137 

94.2 

80.1 

80.1 

127 

1,640 

3,390- 

2,110 

700 

391

775

Per 

square 

mile.

1.10

.752 

.493 

.339 

.288 

.288 

.457 

5.90 

12.2 

7.59 

2.52 

1.41

2.79

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

1.27

.84 

.57 

.39 

.30 

.33 

.51 

6.80 

13.61 

8.75 

2.90 

1.57

37.84

Total in 

acre-feet.

18,800 

12,400 

8,420 

5,790 

4,450 

4,920 

7,560 

101,000 

202,000 

130,000 

43,300 

23,300

562,000

a Includes drainage area of Swiftcurrent Creek above point of diversion into St. Mary Lake. 

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR KIMBALL, ALBERTA.

LOCATION. In SW. \ sec. 25, T, 1 N., R. 25 W. fourth meridian, about 1 mile south

of Kimball, Alberta, and 5 miles north of international boundary. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 472 square miles (measured on topographic maps).
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 15

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1,1913, to September 30, 1917. From September 4, 

1902, to December 31, 1912, records were obtained at a point one-fourth mile 

below the boundary line. Records were also obtained by the Irrigation Branch 

(now the Reclamation Service), Department of the Interior, Canada, at a point 

about half a mile below the present station, from 1905 to 1912. The discharge 

at the three points is practically the same.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder with a concrete well and shelter on the right 

bank used during the open-water season. A staff gage at cable from which discharge measurements were made was used October 1 to November 8. A chain gage 

attached to the highway bridge 2 miles below the station was used November 

10 to May 5 when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable three-fourths of a mile below the 

gage; low-water measurements made by wading near the cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream at the gage and at the control is composed 

of boulders and sandstone ledges. The control is formed by an outcropping 

ledge of sandstone. Stage-discharge relation is affected by a large gravel bar 

which has formed on the right bank at the control.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

6.93 feet at 6 p. m. June 11 (discharge, 5,230 second-feet); minimum discharge, 

100 second-feet January 30 and 31.

1902-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 12.75 feet, June 5,1908 (discharge, 18,000 

second-feet, estimated by comparison with record for station near Babb); minimum discharge, 70 second-feet,1 February 5, 1914.

ICE. Stage discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Daily discharge computed 

from discharge measurements and temperature records.

DIVERSIONS. The St. Mary canal, constructed by the United States Reclamation 

Service, diverts water from St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., to the North Fork 

of Milk River. During 1917; 33,600 acre-feet was diverted. The Alberta Rail-- 

way & Irrigation Co. canal diverts from St. Mary River about a mile below the 

station.

REGULATION. The flow of Swiftcurrent Creek will be regulated by the Sherburne 

Lake reservoir, under construction by the United States Reclamation Service.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water June 9-13; affected 

by ice November 10 to May 5. Rating curves used as follows: October 1 to 

November 8, fairly well defined; May 7 to June 8, well defined between 470 and 

4,000 second-feet; June 14 to September 30 well defined between 200 and 5,000 

second-feet. Staff gage read to hundredths twice daily October 1 to November 9; 

chain gage read November 10 to May 5. Gage heights May 7 to September 30 

obtained from recorder graph by averaging the stage for hourly intervals. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except 

for periods during which stage-discharge relation was affected by shifting control 

or ice. Records good.

COOPERATION. Station maintained jointly with the Reclamation Service, Department of the Interior of Canada.

1 Only estimates of mean monthly flow are available for the winter periods from 1902 to 1912,Inclusive, 

and a lower minimum discharge may have occurred during that time.
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 17

10

"Hfln 11

22

Feb. 20

Mar. 13

Apr. 2

11

12

14

May 3

Made by 

.....do.................

W A Tjatn'h

.....do.................

.....do.................

A. W. P. Lowriea.....

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

63.23

4.25

4.28

3.95

c5.57

c5.38

c5.76

c5.54

c5.69

C6.83

C6.37

C5.98

c5.53

^ 11

3.18

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

342

440

4.18

241

118

140

140

110

651

824

597

376

504

562

Date.

May 24

26

27

28

1810

20

22

July 9

20

26

Aug. 23

Sept. 14

18

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

A. W. P. Lowriea .....

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

W. A. Lamb. ..........

.....do.................

A. W. P. Lowriea.... .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.50

5.96

6.08

6.20

6.15

6.47

6 44

6.46

6.43

5.47

4.85

4.25

3.00

2.94

2.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,750

3,290

3,570

3 7W

4,070

4,790

A. 7**n

4,690

4,720

2,900

1,870

1,270

494

454

453

a Engineer, Reclamation Service, Department of Interior, Canada. 

6 Gage height referred to staff gage at cable.

c Gage height referred to chain gage on highway bridge 2 miles below regular station; stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year

ending Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

511

483

469

455

442

469

422

448

455

442

422

378

360

360

348

336

342

348

378

390

410

390

378

348

14S

oon

 JJ.O

330

330

330

336

Nov.

300

325

336

336

320

305

295

325

350

310

280

280

280

280

290

340

AA{\

418

395

355

340

340

345

342

333

323

312

296

278

260

Dec.

245

235

245

9J.1

230

225

220

215 91 n

210

210

210

210 91 n

91 n

210

210

91 fl

210

210

215

215

215

99A

220

225

230

235

237

Jan.

239

241

240

240

240

240

240

240

240

239

9^ 1

214

194

170

1 Kft

140

132

124

120

120

120

120

123

128

1 9Q

120

105

100

100

Feb.

100

100

102

IfW

104

106

108

112

120

128

1^14

136

140

150

155

160

160

155

146

140

140

140

1 ^Q

138

136

134

132

132

Mar.

132

131

130

130

130

130

130

131 iia

135

138 idn

140

140

140

140

140

140

140

138

137

134

130

128

125

120

117

115

111

Apr.

110

110

110

250

375

530

650

690

735

780

R94.

597

485

376

372

O7ft

372

374

384

410

438

450

460

466

4.79

477

481

4fiS

475;

517

May.

547

568

581

' 588

634

664

570

660

818

1,110

1,410

1,660

2 050

2| 500

2,850

3,040

3,220

3,200

3,170

3,220

3,140

2,890

2,640

2,510

2,780

3

QQA

3,560

3,740

3 840

3^950

3,680

June.

3,470

3,350

3,280

3,140

3,080

3,050

3,180

3,520

3,880

4,610

5,200

5,090

4,940

4,600

4 430

4,690

4,760

4. 7fifl

4 740

4,760

4 690

4,510

4,240

4,140

4,100

3

<vm

3,820

3,510

3,240

July.

3,130

3,100

2,970

3,060

3,020

3,040

3,060

2,990

2,830

2,850

2,730

2,680

2,600

2,530

2,330

2,160

2,100

2,100

2,160

1,890

1,850

1,820

1,720

1,570

1,440

1,320

1,210

1,130

1,010

928

Aug.

837

772

708

672

610

560

538

538

546

551

560

515

470

458

434

434

430

426

430

438

452

466

470

462

dAR

418

OQrt

378

354

318

340

Sept.

332

294

268

253

247

236

230

222

250

318

318

386

458

470

462

454

450

450

450

450

442

442

430

470

458

450

458

434

430

NOTE. Gage not read, discharge estimated for following days: Oct. 8,: 

24,31, Jan. 1,7, Mar. 11,18, Apr. 22,27, May 6 and 29.

9, Nov. 5,9,19, Dec. 3,10,17,20,
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE BASINS. 17

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

Month.

April.....................................................

]^y... ..................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

511 

440 

245 

241 

160 

140 

824 

3,950 

5,200 

3,130 

837 

470

5,200

Minimum.

330 

260 

210 

100 

100 

111 

110 

547 

3,050 

928 

318 

222

100

Mean.

391 

324 

220 

174 

123 

132 

454 

2,230 

4,100 

2,210 

497 

382

940

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

24,000 

19,300 

13,500 

10,700 

6,830 

8,120 

27,000 

137,000 

244,000 

136,000 

30,600 

22,700

680,000

Combined daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, and 

St. Mary canal at Douglas bridge, near Browning, Mont.tfor ike year ending Sept. 30, 

1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14... .. ........ .

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

01

Oct.

511

483

469

455

442

469

422

448

455

442

422

378

360

360

348

336

342

348

378

390

410

390

378

348

348

330

342

330

330

330

336

Nov.

300

325

336

336

320

305

295

325

350

310

280

280

280

280

290

340

440

418

395

356

340

340

345

342

333

323

312

296

278

260

Dec.

245

235

245

245

230

225

220

215

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

215

215

215

320

220

225

230

235

237

Jan.

239

241

240

240

240

240

240

240

240

239

235

227

214

194

170

150

140

132

124

120

120

120

120

123

128

128

120

112

105

100

100

Feb.

100

100

102

103

104

106

108

112

120

128

134

136

150

155

160

160

155

146

140

140

140

139

138

136

134

132

132

Mar.

132

131

130

130

130

130

130

131

133

135

138

140

140

140

140

140

140

140

140

140

138

137

134

130

128

125

122

120

117

115

111

Apr.

. 110

110

110

250

375

530

650

690

735

780

824

597

485

376

372

370

372

374

384

410

438

450

460

466

472

477

481

468

475

517

May.

547

568

581

588

634

664

570

660

818

1,110

1,410

1,660

2,050

2,500

2,850

3,040

3,220

3,200

3,170

3,220

3,140

2,890

2,640

2,510

2,780

3,380

3,560

3,740

3,840

3,950

3,680

June.

3,470

3,350

3,280

3,140

3,080

3,050

3,180

3,520

3,880

4,610

5,200

5,090

4,940

4,600

4,410

4,430

4,690

4,760

4,760

4,740

4,760

4,690

4,510

4,240

4,140

4,100

3,940

3,820

3,510

3,240

July.

3,130

3,100

3,060

3,160

3,200

3,250

3,270

3,200

3,060

3,080

2,970

2,910

2,830

2,760

2,560

2,390

2,330

2,330

2,390

2,130

2,090

2,060

1,980

1,830

1,700

1,570

1,460

1,380

1,340

1,260

1,180

Aug.

1,090

1,030

970

934

872

822

800

800

808

813

822

777

732

720

696

696

692

688

692

700

714

728

732

724

708

680

652

640

616

580

602

Sept.

594

556

530

515

509

467

471

463

491

519

464

540

596

470

462

454

450

450

450

450

442

442

430

470

458

450

458

442

434

430

NOTE. For table of daily discharge of St. Mary canal at Douglas bridge, see p. 22. 

96719° 19 WSP 455 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Combined monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, and St. Mary 

canal at Douglas bridge near Browning, Mont., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Month.

October. .................................................

December. ...............................................

January. .................................................

March............. ....................................

April................................................ ....

May.....................................................

July.....................................................

The year. ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

511 

440 

245 

241 

160 

140 

824 

3,950 

5,200 

3,270 

1,090 

596

5,200

Minimum.

330 

260 

210 

100 

100 

111 

110 

547 

3,050 

1,180 

580 

430

100

Mean.

391 

324 

220 

174 

123 

132 

454 

2,230 

4,100 

2,420 

759 

479

988

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

24,000 

19,300 

13,500 

10,700 

6,830 

8,120 

27,000 

137,000 

244,000 

149,000 

46,700 

28,500

715,000

NOTE. For table of monthly discharge of St. Mary canal at Douglas bridge, see p. 22. 

SWIFTCTTRREMT CREEK AT MANY GLACIER, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 35 N., B. 16 W., at outlet of McDermott Lake at Many 

Glacier, in Glacier National Park, about 14 miles southwest of Babb, in Teton 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 31.4 square miles (measured on topographic map).

EECORDS AVAILABLE. June 6, 1912, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on the right bank at the outlet of the lake. Prior to May 23, 

1916, a staff gage on the left bank opposite the present gage was read. Gage read 

by George Hall.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading at the outlet of the lake or below the 

falls. High-water measurements made from the highway bridge above the power 

house; measuring section at the bridge very poor.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a limestone outcrop at the outlet of the lake.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 4.20 feet at 6 

p. m. June 9 (discharge, 1,220 second-feet); minimum discharge, 20 second-feet, 

by current-meter measurement, April 14, when stage-discharge relation was 

seriously affected by ice. No record of discharge January 1 to April 13.

1912-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 4.75 feet, June 17, 1916 (discharge, 1,550 

second-feet); minimum discharge, 10.8 second-feet, March 19,1912, measured by 

current meter.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice January 1 to April 17. Ice 

cover on lake November 20 to June 9; records for December may be slightly in 

error on account of ice.

DIVERSIONS. None. \

EEGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent during year; seriously 

affected by ice. Eating curve used October 1 to December 31, and April 18 to 

September 30, well defined between 44 and 825 second-feet, but no current-meter 

measurements were made during open season. Gage read to hundredths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table. Discharge, April 14, obtained from current-meter measurement of that 

date; April 15-17 interpolated because of ice. Eecords probably fair, but owing 

to lack of discharge measurements should be used with caution.
HUDSON BAY DEAINAGE BASINS. 19

The following discharge measurement was made by W. A. Lamb: April 14, 1917: 

Gage height, 1.48 feet; discharge, 19.6 second-feet (stage-discharge relation affected 

by ice).

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21. ....................... ..1

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

3(1. ..........................

31...........................

Oct.

70

67

67

63

62

60

60

60

59

58

58

55

55

53

CO

*U

58

fiO

63

60

56

55

56

58

60

fiO

63

63

64

65

65

Nov.

63

67

68

70

73

71

70

68

71

68

65

63

62

60

60

60

58

55

55

CO

54

53

CO

53

KA

53

54

56

58

Dec.

55

54

55

55

54

53

53

52

52

48

47

46

46

45

44

44

44

49

42

40

40

40

41

40

DC

35

37

so

42

44

40

Apr.

20

26

32

39

47

48

48

w\

51

51

52

CO

53

54

55

53

50

May.

48

47

48

45

46

47

55

76

97

133

228

315

440

580

QAQ

610

600

400

362

343

353

348

400

485

575

585

575

595

570

450

362

June.

292

470

445

410

415

485

580

759

1.160

1,020

610

510

386

435

470

825

1,110

630

715

676

615

635

570

475

671

676

655

595

575

515

July.

525

545

570

570

545

555

565

520

525

525

530

460

450

386

376

372

381

372

391

391

410

343

329

292

274

260

220

212

201

193

172

Aug.

152

149

144

133

128

128

138

128

128

133

125

138

149

159

159

159

165

168

172

175

172

168 159

152

141

133

130

125 loit

121

116

Sept.

112

112

107

101

94

86

73

78

84

81

84

90

84

86

Q9

Q7

107

105

101

95

95

95

95

107

103

90

92

97

97

92

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice, Jan. 1 to Apr. 17; data inadequate for determination of discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 13.

Monthly discharge of Siviftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 31.4 square miles.]

Month.

April 14-30...... ..................

May...............................

July...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

70 

73 

55 

55 

908 

1,160 

570 

175 

112

Minimum.

53 

53 

35 

20 

45 

292 

172 

116 

73

Mean.

60.1

60.7 

45.3 

46.0 

846 

613 

402 

144 

94.4

Per 

square 

mile.

1.91 

1.93 

1.44 

1.46 

11.0 

19.5 

12.8 

4.59 

3.01

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

2.20 

2.16 

1.66 

.92 

12.68 

21.76 

14.76 

5.29 

3.36

Total in 

aero-feet.

3,700 

3,610 

2,790 

1,550 

21,300 

36,500 

24,700 

8,850 

5,620
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

SWIFTCtTRRENT CREEK! AT SHERBURNE, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 15 W., near outlet of Lower Sherburne Lake, in

Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 64 square miles (measured on topographic map). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1912, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Staff gage on left bank about 300 feet below the spillway of the Sherburne

Lake dam; read by employees of the United States Reclamation Service. From

July 1, 1912, to November 9, 1914, a vertical staff gage was maintained on the

left bank near the outlet of the lake, and at a different datum from the present gage. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from cable 50 feet below gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. An outcropping limestone ledge, somewhat broken and

irregular, forms the control; subject to slight shifts. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 5.55 feet June

9-11 (discharge 1,070 second-feet); minimum stage 0.40 foot at 8 a. m. May 4

(discharge 6 second-feet). 

1912-1917: Maximum stage recorded 7.85 feet June 17, 1916 (discharge 2,280

second-feet); minimum stage 0.5 foot April 25, 1916 (discharge 4 second-feet). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice. 

DIVERSION . None. 

REGULATION. The natural flow of the stream was affected by placing and removing

flashboards on the temporary construction dam built at the outlet in connection

with the Sherburne Lake storage dam. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed probably March 27. Rating curves

used October 1 to March 27 and March 28 to September 30 are well defined.

Gage read to humdredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying

mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Swiftcwrrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by TV. A. Lamb.]

Date.

Nov.22. .......

Apr. 13.........

May 17.........

Gage

Feet. 

1.46

1.28

5.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

58

50

970

Date.

30

July 20.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.20

4.39

3.96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

914

636

515

Gage.

Anff 17

Sept. 13. ........

Gage

Feet. 

2.30

1.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1=4

85
HUDSON BAY DBAIBAGE BASICS. 21

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherbume, M0nt~, far ik&

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

V......... ...

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

2?..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

65

65

65

70

76

58

56

56

56

56

56

56

58

48

56

46

42

46

56

76

106

9

7

7

9

12

18

34

70

Ivi

60

Nov.

56

65

65

76

70

70

81

70

81

76

58

51

54

60

210

349

281

166

113

81

65

54

51

42

42

42

38

36

32

34

Dec.

30

34

38

39

42

45

45

43

so

38

35

33

32

32

30

29

27

27

27

29

29

29

28

27

26

26

25

24

24

21

21

Jan.

18

14

15

15

19

19

18

18

18

18

19

21

21

22

24

24

22

20

20

20

18

18

18

18

19

19

19

25

24

25

22

Feb.

22

20

18

20

21

20

23

22

21

22

23

24

24

22

21

24

24

21

21

21

21

21

21

20

21

21

21

20

Mar.

18

18

18

15

14

13

15

14

14

14

14

15

13

13

13

13

13

12

12

15

15

17

18

16

15

16

26

25

28

28

29

Apr.

30

30

30

28

86

36

36

43

43

47

49

53

51

49

51

51

49

48

48

49

55

60

62

65

66

69

65

62

59

57

May.

60

54

27

6

8

12

40

97

420

420

394

526

646

712

818

930

aw

892

854

782

712

472

420

370

584

782

782

782

818

782

678

June.

584

646

646

646

614

614

746

930

1,010

1,070

1,070

1.050

1,010

970

892

832

970

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

970

930

892

892

854

678

614

646

July.

646

646

646

712

712

712

712

678

646

614

584

584

584

420

300

420

446

554

554

498

472

472

370

322

322

256

256

278

300

236

218

Aug.

202

15T8

145

93

69

73

159

23d

202

187

146

145

145

145

145

159

159

159

173

187

202

202

187

187

173

159

159

105

105

105

112

Sept.

118

118

112

104

100

94

55

56

62

68

75

77

89

124

138

131

118

118

118

118

112

105

105

105

112

112

112

112

112

112

Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherbume, Mont., for the year ending Sept.

Month.

March . . .......

May......................................................

June .....................................................

July......................................................

August... ................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

106 

349 

45 

25 

24 

29 

69 

930 

1,070 

712 

236 

138

1,070

MiniTrniTn.

7 

32 

21 

14 

18 

12 

28 

6 

584 

218 

69 

55

6

Mean.

50.0 

85.6 

31.4 

19.7 

21.4 

16.8 

49.2 

510 

863 

489 

155 

103

200

Run-off 

(totalin 

acre-1eet).

3,070 

5,090 

1,930 

1,210 

1,190 

1 030 

2,930 

31,400 

51,400 

30,100 

9,530 

6,130

145,000

U. S. RECLAMATION SERVICE ST. MART CANAL AT HUDSON BAT DIVIDE, NEAR

BROWNING, MONT.

LOCATION. At Douglas bridge on the Hudson Bay divide, 3 miles above the outlet of 

the canal, 30 miles directly north of Browning on the Blackf eet Indian Reservation.

KECORDS AVAILABLE. July 3 to September 13,1917.

GAGE. A vertical staff, graduated to tenths, nailed to upstream side of left pier of 

bridge; read by U. S. Eeclamation Service ditch rider.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge at the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The channel is uniform, but the slope varies with the stageControl is a V-shaped concrete drop 1 mile below the gage.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge during the year 254 second-feet.

REGULATION. The flow is regulated at the headgates 26 miles above. A small reservoir at Spider Lake serves to equalize sudden changes at the headgates.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Gage read to tenths

once daily. Discharge computed by using a rating curve based on discharge

measurements made in 1918 and measurements of North Fork of Milk River at

. Peter's Ranch below the outlet of the canal. Records fair.

St. Mary canal diverts from St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., and carries the water

across the divide into North Fork of Milk River. The water is used for irrigation in the

Milk River valley in Montana.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of U. S. Reclamation Service St. Mary canal at Hudson 

Bay divide, near Browning, Mont., for the year ending Sept. SO. 1917.

Day

1............

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

July.

86

01

173

203

203

203

223

223

Aug.

243

254

254

254 254

254

254

254

254

254

Sept.

254

254

254

254

254

223

233

233

233

193

Day.

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

July.

233

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

228

Aug.

254

254

254

254

254

254

254

254

254

Sept.

138

146

130

Day.

21............

22

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

July.

233

233

254

254

254

243

243

243

243

243

243

Aug.

254

254

254

254

254

254

254

254

254

254

254

Sept.

NOTE. No flow in canal Oct. 1 to July 2 and Sept. 14-30. ,

Monthly discharge of U. S. Reclamation Service St. Mary canal at Hudson Bay divide, 

near Browrting, Mont., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

July 3-31............ .....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

254 

254 

254

Minimum.

86 

243 

130

Mean.

218 

254 

215

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

12,500 

15,600 

5,540

33,600

OTTERTAIL RIVER AT GERMAN CHURCH, NEAR FERGUS FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. At highway bridge on south line of sec. 31, T. 134 N., R. 42 W., about 

5 miles upstream from old station known as "Ottertail River, near Fergus Falls," 

and about 8 miles north of Fergus Falls, Ottertail County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,300 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 29, 1913, to September 30, 1917, when station was 

discontinued. May 9, 1904, to October 22, 1913, records were collected at a 

station about 5 miles downstream from the present site. The drainage area at 

the lower station is only 10 square miles larger than at the upper, and no tributaries intervene.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to the downstream handrail near the right bank; read 

by D. S. Danielson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand, gravel, and boulders. Rapids 

about 100 feet below the gage form a well-defined control, which is practically 

permanent except for an occasional slight growth of vegetation in the channel. 

Banks at and above the gage are high; probably not subject to overflow. At 

the control the land adjacent to the left bank is low and will be overflowed at 

a stage of about 5 feet.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.45 feet October 

2, 3, 12, and 13 (discharge, 613 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.88 foot 

Sept. 10 and 11 (discharge, about 121 second-feet).

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 3.0 feet at 8.30 a. m. June 29,1916 (discharge, 982 second-feet); minimum stage recorded September 10, 11, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

RKGULATION. Fluctuations caused by the operation of a number of dams and small 

mills above the station are equalized by small lakes through which the river 

flows before reaching the station, so that they are not observable at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 237 and 837 second-feet; extended and subject to 

error outside these limits. Gage read to quarter-tenths once daily; fluctuations 

in stage so gradual that good results are obtained from one reading a day. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table except for 

period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained 

by applying to rating table daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means 

of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open water 

records excellent, except those for low stages, which are subject to error; winter 

records good.

Discharge measurements of Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 

during the year ending Sept. 30,1917.

[Made by S. B. Soute.)

Date.

Tan. 26 «. .....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.07

3.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

324

284

Date. height.

Feet. 

3.95

1.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

239

340

a Complete ice cover. (

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, 

Minn., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

16..

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20 -- 

21..............

22..............

'23 ...........

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

613

613

613

598

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

613

613

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

584

Nov.

584

584

584

584

584

584

, 584

584

584

584

557

557

557

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

505

480

455

455

434

415

390

415

480

Dee.

480

480

455

435

415

415

390

390

390

390

385

385

380

380

375

375

370

370

365

365

360

360

360

355

350

340

335

330

325

325

320

Jan.

320

320

320

320

315

315

315

310

310

310

305

305

305

305

305

300

300

300

300

inn

295

290

290

285

285

285

280

280

280

280

280

Feb.

280

280

280

280

275

275

275

275

275

270

270

270

265

265

265

260

260

260

260 Sfin

255

255

250

250

250

250

250

250

Mar.

250

250

250

250

250

245

240

240

240

240

240

245

250

250

250

250

255

260

270

275

280

290

300

305

310

320

330

335

340

350

355

Apr.

355

360

375

380

385

390

392

392

392

392

392

413

434

392

402

413

434

434

457

457

480

480

480

 530

557

530

530

530

530

530

May.

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

544

557

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

530

557

June.

480

480

480

457

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

413

392

392

392

392

392

392

392

373

362

354

354

354

354

347

347

347

347

July.

327

307

307

304

304

300

294

286

277

277

277

272

272

266

266

266

266

261

251

251

242

238

233

233

233

214

196

208

208

208

208

Aug.

200

200

196

196

192

188

185

181

177

173

173

169

166

166

169

166

166

162

158

151

147

147

144

140

140

140

137

137

134

134

137

Sept.

137

137

137

134

130

127

130

130

127

121

121

130

130

134

130

128

127

127

144

144

142

140

140

153

166

169

169

166

154

154

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 22 to Apr. 6. Gage not read, discharge interpolated Oct. 1, 4, 6, 8, 22, 29. Nov. 5,19. Apr. 8,15, 22: 27,29, May 1,6,9,11,13,15,18,23,27, June 10, 15, 24, 

July l,8,15i 22,26,29, Sept. 16 and &.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

ofOttertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn.,for the 

year ending Sept. 30,1917.

[Drainage area, 1,300 square miles.)

Month.

October. ......................................

November.............. .......

January .......................................

March...... ....... .. . .

May...........................................

June....... .............

July...........................................

August ........................................

September. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

613 

584 

480 

320 

280 

355 

557 

557 

480 

327 

200 

169

613

Minimum.

584 

390 

320 

280 

250 

240 

355 

530 

347 

196 

134 

121

121

Mean.

589 

526 

379 

300 

265 

275 

441 

532 

402 

260 

164 

139

356

Per 

square 

mile.

0.453 

.405 

.292 

.231 

.204 

.212 

.339 

.409 

.309 

.200 

.126 

.107

.274

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.52 

.45 

.34 

.27 

.21 

.24 

.38 

.47 

.34 

.23 

.14 

.12

3.71

RED RIVER AT FARGO, XT. DAK.

LOCATION. At dam half a mile above highway bridge connecting Front Street, 

Fargo, N. Dak., with Moorhead, Minn., 10 miles above mouth of Sheyenne River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,020 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 27, 1901, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to tree on left bank about 6 rods above the dam; vertical 

staff for use at low stages attached to upper end of fishway at left end of dam; 

lowest point of crest of dam now about 0.90 foot above datum of gage. Prior to 

September 1, 1914, gage readings were obtained from a vertical staff attached to 

the breakwater for the center pier of the Front Street bridge; this gage is still 

maintained and used by the Weather Bureau but can not be read accurately 

without a field glass and its control is less permanent than that of the gage now 

used. The datum of the Front Street gage is such that if the dam were removed, 

or if the stage were so high as to completely drown the dam, readings on the Front 

Street gage would be about 10.4 feet greater than on the gage now used. At extreme low stage the fall over the dam is about 5 feet.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge a few feet upstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed consists of clay and silt; nearly permanent. Dam 

below gage is the control.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 14.0 feet April 4 (discharge, 

5,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.25 feet September 15 (discharge, 42 secondfeet).

1901-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 19.9 feet April 6, 1916, when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice; maximum discharge, 7,440 second-feet April 

7, 1916; minimum stage recorded, 5.7 feet November 1, 1910 (discharge, 36 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice during winter; open-season 

rating table is applicable by making small correction for slight obstruction of 

crest of dam; in determining flow during spring break-up, however, corrections 

amounting to several feet must be applied to gage heights before applying openseason rating table, owing to backwater from ice.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. No power plants or storage above the station within 60 miles; storage 

not great enough to noticeably affect the discharge at the station.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 25

ACCURACY.- Stage-discharge relation practically permanent during year except as 

affected by ice. Rating curve well defined between 200 and 2,400 second-feet 

and fairly well defined at other stages. Gage read to hundredths daily. Openwater records good.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 23

Apr. 7

14

15

Made by 

L.B. Dale. ............

E. P. Chandler.........

T.M.Wardwell........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.88

10.64

5.22

5.03

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

513

4.130

2,320

2,210

Date.

Tnlv 14

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.24

2.29

1.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

786

323

143

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for the year ending 

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. ..........................

3.. .........................

5...........................

6...........................

7. ..........................

8...........................

9. .. ........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23

24...........................

25.. .........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29..........................

3n

01

Oct.

1,240

1,240

1,240

1.200

1,160

1,160

1,120

I non

1,090

1,090

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

Q7fi

976

976

049

942

942

976

976

976

942

908

876

S7fi

Nov.

876

876

S7fi

876

S7fi

876

876

797

600

A*) A

424

424

444

Mar.

784

1,640

3,180

3,920

4 A/IA

Apr.

4,840

S ftftA

5,200

5,200

S ftftA

4,680

4,160

3,880

3,760

3,480

3,110

2,800

2,710

2,530

2,380

2.230

2,230

2,130

2,130

2,230

2,230

2,480

2,620

2,620

2,530

2,430

2,530

2,710

2,710-

2,710

May.

2,710

2,710

2,710

2,800

2,710

2,570

2,430

2

0QA

2,230

2,130

2,030

1,930

1,880

1 830

1^830

1,730

T fun

1,600

1,550

1,500

1,460

1,420

1,290

1,290

1,240

1,200

'1,160

1,120

1,050

1,010

Q7fi

June.

976

942

925

ons

844

QAA

844

814

814

783

756

756

756

756

7Hfi

784

756

727

700

674

624

624

600

578

553

530

486

508

530

KflQ

July.

486

465

465

an

424

424

404

395

385

366

348

330

330

330

330

330

296

296

279

279

279

279

279

279

263

263

263

231

231

231

931

Aug.

231

200

1 170

156

194

231

200

170

142

129

170

170

170

170

156

142

142

142

135

129

116

116

104

104

92

98

104

92

92

92

92

Sept.

92

92

92

92

104

116

70

70

81

92

70

60

60

50

42

79

116

116

142

129

70

50

77

104

81

104

104

104

116

136

Monthly discharge of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917,

Month.

October

March 26-31 ..............................................

April.....................................................

May............----.----.-.--.-.-.-----.-.-.--...----....

July.... ..................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,240

876 

4,640 

5,200 

2,800 

976 

486 

231 

142

Minimum.

876 

424 

784 

2,130 

976 

486 

231 

92 

42

Mean.

1,030 

746 

3,100 

3,180 

1,810 

722 

330 

144 

90.4

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

63,300 

25.200 

36,900 

189,000 

111,000 

43,000 

20,300 

8,850 

5,380
SURFACE WATEfi SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

RED RIVER AT GRAND FORES, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At Northern Pacific Railway bridge between Grand Forks, N. Dak., 

and East Grand Forks, Minn., half a mile below mouth of Red Lake River.

DRAINAGE AKBA. 25,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 26, 1901, to September 30, 1917. Gage-height records 

have been kept by the United States Engineer Corps since 1882 and a few discharge measurements were made by them in early years.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to Northern Pacific Railway bridge and vertical staff 

gage attached to ice breaker below center pier of same bridge. The staff gagea 

used by the United States Engineer Corps and the United States Weather Bureau 

are on the bridge breakwater at the same place as the staff gage used by the United 

States Geological Survey and at datum 5 feet higher.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Great Northern Railway bridge about a 

fifth of a mile above the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Clay and silt; shifts very slightly.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 33.9 feet at 5 p. m. April 8 

(discharge, 21,600 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.4 feet September 4 (discharge, 

395 second-feet).

1882-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 50.2 feet April 10, 1897 (discharge, 

43,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.6 feet February 10, 1912 (discharge, 100 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. The ice cover is usually 

complete and smooth from late in November until about the beginning of April, 

and the flow is steady, with few fluctuations. Since 1905 sufficient discharge 

measurements have been made each winter to obtain fairly accurate summaries 

of winter flow. For a few days or weeks at the time of the spring break-up the 

water level is raised considerably by ice in the channel, and at times, as indicated 

by a few discharge measurements, this abnormal rise has been as much as 8 feet, 

though usually it is less; correction is made for this rise in applying open-season 

rating table.

DIVERSION AND REGULATION. No power plants above station with sufficient storage 

to cause noticeable variations in the flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent during the year except 

as affected by ice. Rating curve fairly well defined between 400 and 9,000 

second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except for period in which 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., during the year ending

Sept. 30, "1917.

Date.

Dec. 22 

Jan. 18 

!eb. 24

Mar. 19

Made by 

Chandler and Dale ..... 

Ward well and Dale .... 

.....do..................

.....do... ...............

Gage

Feet. 

' 8.09 

8.16 

7.34

7.83

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,280 

1,260 

850

1,000

Date.

Apr. 16 

May 7 

July 11

Made by 

Wardwell and Dale .... 

Ward well and Hulteng . 

Chandler and Hulteng. .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

20.48 

14.48 

6.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10,600 

5.990 

1,410
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for

Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

W........ ......

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,480

3,420

3,420

3,480

3,420

3,420

3,420

3,420

3,360

3,300

3,240

3,120

3,060

3,000

2,940

2,880

2', 830

2,830

2,830

2,830

2,830

2,780

2,720

2,720

2,780

2,830

2,780

2,830

2,880

2,880

2,940

Nov.

2,940

2,940

2,940

3,000

3,060

3,060

3,060

3,060

3,060

S nflfi

2,880

2,830

2,780

2,660

2,500

2,390

2,500

2,610

2,720

2,720

2,780

2,720

2,720

2,720

2,660

2,610

2,560

2,500

2,560

2,500

Dec.

2,440

2,340

2,280

2,280

2,340

2,340

2,340

2,280

2,220

2,170

2,070

1,970

1,870

1,770

1,670

1,570

1,480

1,460

1,460

1,440

,370

,300

,340

,340

,340

,390

,390

,440

,440

,440

,440

Jan.

1,390

1,300

1,260

1,300

1,300

1,260

1,210

1,170

1,190

1,210

1,220

1,240

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,280

1,300

1,260

1,210

1,190

1,170

1,170

,170

17ft

;i7o

>130

,090

,070

3 050

Feb.

1,050

1,030

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

970

934

900

Bfifl

880

oftfi

920

934

930

920

onn

897

880

870

860

824

840

860

880 ofin

Mar.

920

<M4

950

Qfin

972

QQfl

1,010

1,030

1,050

1,080

1,100

1,130

I

flQfl

1

AQA

1,090

1,090

1,130

1 Ann

1,090

1 1W

1,170

1,210

1 260

1^340

1,480

1,770

2,280

3,120

4,720

6,630

8,760

Apr.

11,400

13,200

14,800

16,800

19,000

19,700

19,400

20,200

17,300

16,100

15,200

14,400

13,400

12,300

n inn

9,940

9 260

8^440 7 onn

7 BSD

7,520

7 300

7*150

7,150

7 nflfi

6,850

6,700

6,720

6,750

May.

6,780

6,630

6,700

6,700

6,700

6,630

6,490

6,280

6,000

5,860

5,650

5.380

5,050

4,790

4,660

4.460

4,340

4,140

4,020

3,900

3,840

3,720

3,600

3,540

3,420

3,360

3,300

3,240

3,120

2,940

2,830

June.

2,780

2,720

2,610

2,560

2,500

2,450

2,450

2,390

2,340

2,280

2,280

2,220

2,280

2,280

2,220

2,170

2,170

2,120

2,120

2,170

2,120

2,070

2,020

1 Q7fl

1,870

1,820

1,770

1,720

1,670

1,620

July.

1,520

1,480

1,440

1,340

1,300

1,390

1,440

1,300

1,340

1,340

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,260

1,260

1,170

1,130

1,090

1,050

1,050

1,010

1,010

972

1,010

1,010

897

897

860

860

824

Aug.

824

789

754

720

720

687

687

654

654

622

622

622

622

591

591

591

591

591

591

560

530

530

501

501

501

501

473

473

473

473

473

Sept.

446

420

420

395

420

420

420

446

446

44fi

420

446

473

473

473

473

501

501

501

530

591

754

860

897

897

897

789

720

687

687

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 11 to Apr. 17. 

Monthly discharge of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. 30,1917.

Month.

October. .................................................

November. ...............................................

December. ...............................................

March....................................................

April.....................................................

May......................................................

June. ....................................................

Julv.. ....................................................

August...................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,480 

3,060 

2,440 

1,390 

1,050 

8,760 

20,200 

6,780 

2,780 

1,520 

824 

897

20,200

Minim-inn.

2,720 

2,390 

1,300 

1,050 

824 

920 

6,700 

2,830 

1,620 

824 

473 

395

395

Mean.

3,050 

2,770 

1,780 

1,220 

929 

1,760 

11,700 

4,780 

2,190 

1,180 

597 

562

2,710

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

188,000 

165,000 

109,000 

75,000 

51,600 

108,000 

696,000 

294,000 

130,000 

72,600 

36,700 

33,300

1,960,000

MTTSTINKA RIVER ABOVE WHEATON. MINN.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 7 and 8, T. 127 N., R. 46 W,, 1 mile upstream 

from Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Bailway crossing, 1J miles northeast of 

Wheaton, Traverse County, and 8 miles above Lake Traverse, into which the river 

discharges.

DRAINAGE AREA. About 900 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 23 to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued. June 7 to November 30, 1916, at point about 3£ miles farther down- 

 stream.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Henry Heggen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway 

bridge 1 mile downstream from gage, or from highway bridge just below railway 

bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of clay and silt. Control not well defined. 

Slope of river from station to Lake Traverse is so slight that the stage-discharge 

relation may possibly be affected by changes in the stage of the lake.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during period, 14.7 feet at 6 p. m. April 

1 (discharge, about 2,340 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.16 feet August 30, September 1, 4, and 5 (discharge, about 1 second-foot).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent. Rating curve fairly well 

defined below 2,500 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Mustinka River above Wheaton, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 14o

14»

Mar. 31

31

Made by 

S.B. Saute.......---.-.

.....do..................

S. B.Soule... ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9 "M

2.22

14.16

14.24

14 64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 31

32

1,780

1 Q0f\

2

QAA

Date.

Apr. 1

19

12

Sept. 21

91

Made by 

S. B.Soule... ..........

.....do.................

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

14.61

6.08

6.38

1 ^3

1 ^3

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,160

398

444

1.1

1.1

o Measurement made at site of old gaging station " Mustinka near Wheaton" about 3| miles downstream 

from present gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mustinka River above Wheaton, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1............................................

2............................................

3............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

910............................................

11............................................

12....----...........-.........-....--....-...

13

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19

20............................................

21............................................

99

90

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30............................................

Q1

Mar.

89

125

294

446

586

866

964

1,550

1,840

Apr.

2,240

2,040

1,320

74ft

600

530

446

404

432

404

334

418

488

460

418

404

376

376

390

488

768

768

614

530

516

530

474

418

404

446

May.

460

446

404

348

307

270

246

222

210

188

178

159

210

137

125

117

101

93

82

7Q

76

71

68

58

52

48

44

40

36

32

28

June.

28

27

23

20

20

24

27

30

30

28

27

22

28

24

21

17

14

11

9

8

7

8

9

10

11

10

10

10

8

9

July.

9

7

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

2

6

4

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

2 ' 3

Aug.

2

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

Sept.

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

3
HUDSOJST BAY DKAINAGE BASICS. 29

MomOily discharge of Miistmka River above Wheaton, Mwin.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

(Drainage area, 900 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

V&j.................... .......................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,840 

2,240 

460 

30 

9 

3 

3

Minimum.

89 

334 

28 

7 

1 

1 

1

Mean.

751 

626 

159 

17.7 

3.13 

1.84 

2.00

Per 

square 

mile.

0.834 

.696 

.177 

.020 

.0035 

.0020 

.0022

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.28 

.78 

.20 

.02 

.004 

.002 

.002

WILD RICE RIVER AT TWIN" VALLEY, WOTS,

LOCATION.--In SW. J sec. 22, T. 144 N., R. 44 W., at highway bridge at Twin Valley, 

Norman County, 2 miles above a small tributary which enters from the right at 

Heiberg.

DRAINAGE AREA. 805 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 30,1909, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to pier of bridge, at left bank; read by Axel 

Johnson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. One channel at all stages; bed composed of sand and silt. 

Control not well denned. Right bank .high and wooded; left bank will be overflowed to some extent at stage of 12 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded, 7.2 feet April 3 (discharge, 

about 622 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.48 feet, August 27 (discharge, 

14 second-feet).

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 20.0 feet at 7 a. m. July 22,1909 (discharge, 

about 9,200 second feet); minimum, open-water discharge 12 second-feet August 

31 and September 1,1913; minimum winter discharge measured by current meter, 

10 second-feet February 5, 1913; the absolute minimum was probably less than 

this amount.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Discharge affected by storage created by dams at the lower end of 

Lower Rice Lake, and at the outlet of Twin Lakes.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; change occurred probably 

during spring when ice left the river. Rating curve used October 1 to April 1 

well denned between 37 and 2,290 second-feet; curve used April 2 to September 

30 well denned between 20 and 3,400 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice 

daily, except November 21 to March 23, when it was read once weekly. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except 

during period when stage-discharge was affected by ice, for which it was obtained 

by applying to rating table a weekly gage height corrected for effect of ice by 

means of discharge measurements, observer's notes and weather records. Openwater records good; winter records fair.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, l&ll, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 16

Feb. llo

Mar. 17a

Made by 

L. B. Dale.............

T. M. Wardwell . ......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet, 

5.42

5.70

5.10

5.80

7.25

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

162

55

44

48

647

Date.

1

2

2

Made by 

E. F. Chandler.. . ......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.. ...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.66

4.66

4.66

4.60

460

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

30

32

31

21

24

Ice on control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wild Rice River near Twin Valley, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11...........'...

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31........:.....

Oct.

157

147

147

157

157

157

163

167

167

167

157

157

147

157

147

157

147

147

147

143

128

128

128

147

147

138

138

138

138

138

138

Nov.

143

136

128

128

128

128

128

138

138

147

119

94

87

94

138

119

110

110

102

102

90

Dec.

100

85

55

Jan.

70

65

45

Feb.

40

Mar.

40

45

50

60

70

110

.210

331

188

280

358

413

530

Apr.

530

560

622

530

560

560

591

500

471

442

442

385

358

331

331

331

331

331

358

385

399

385

358

358

358

344

344

344

344

344

May.

344

358

331

318

305

280

280

280

256

244

233

221

210

199

199

199

199

188

188

163

147

137

124

143

165

167

167

167

151

143

137

June.

139

128

101

101

93

114

69

69

74

80

85

83

83

85

80

77

62

85

90

85

80

74

65

77

69

69

69

65

65

62

July.

62

55

55

59

49

48

48

69

59

55

55

55

48

54

48

49

48

48

45

45

41

48

45

35

35

35

35

35

33

29

29

Aug.

29

25

24

26

26

29

29

29

25

26

26

19

19

19

19

15

19

24

17

19

19

19

19

19

19

14

14

14

77

77

80

Sept.

90

90

90

85

85

85

80

77

77

77

' 77

69

55

31

26

28

29

19

29

29

26

26

26

29

29

29

33

33

33

33

Note. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 14 to Apr. 1. Braced figures show mean discharge for period indicated.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

October. .............................................................

December ............................................................

February. ............................................................

April.................................................................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

The year .......................................................

Maximum.

167

147

530

622

358

139

69

80

90

622

Minimum.

128

331

124

62

29

14

19

14

Mean.

148

111

79.2

59.5

40.0

111

418

214

82.6

46.9

26.9

50.8

116
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS.

DEVILS LAKE NEAR DEVILS LAKE, N. DAK.

31

LOCATION. At biologic station of University of North Dakota, near Devils Lake, in 

Ramsey County, 6 miles southwest of city of Devils Lake.

DRAINAGE AREA. The theoretical drainage area of the lake is about 3,700 square 

miles. In years of ordinary rainfall water reaches the lake from only a small 

part of this area, most of which drains into local depressions and small lakelets, 

where the water remains until it is lost by evaporation. In 1880 the length of 

Devils Lake was 35 miles and its area about 120 square miles, but its present 

area is probably less than 60 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 8, 1901, to September 30, 1917 (fragmentary).

GAGE, Staff gage on pier at the biologic station. Zero of gage, 1,393.3 feet above 

sea level. Previous to 1916 staff gages were placed at convenient points on piers, 

but it has been necessary to renew them occasionally, sometimes every year, 

owing to damage caused by ice during the spring break-up. These gages have been 

reset as near to the correct datum as possible, often by the use of a carpenter's 

level. Occasionally errors of 0.1 foot in the records have been discovered when 

accurate checks were made, but no larger errors are likely to occur. The gage is 

read occasionally by employees of the biologic station.

REGULATION. The lake has no outlet. The stage of the lake shows the relation 

between evaporation from the lake surface and the inflow from the surrounding 

country and gives an indication whether the run-off has been affected by the 

settlement of the drainage area and cultivation of the land surface.

COOPERATION. Records are furnished b,y the North Dakota Biological Survey.

Gage height of Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept. 30,1917.

Date.

Sept. 26. ...............

Nov.5........... .......

Apr.15.. ...............

height.

Feet. 

7.12

(0)

7.07

Date.

Aug. 6.................

9.................

30...............

£E.

Feet. 

6.22

6.19

5.91

Date.

Sept. 10...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.77

a About 6.9 feet. 

BED LAKE RIVER AT THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 154 N., R. 43 W., one-third mile below dam at Thief River 

Falls, Pennington County, and 1 mile below mouth of Thief River, which comes 

in from the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,430 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 2,1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Inclined staff gage located on right bank; read by Dedrick Knutson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable neat gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded, 10. 6 feet April 10 

(discharge,. 5,060 second-feet); minimum open-water siage recorded, 3.61 feet 

August 26 (discharge, 99 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated at 97 secondfeet December 11, when river was frozen over.

1909-1917: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 12.2 feet, April 19-21, 1916 

(discharge, 7,040 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, zero, July 17 and 

August 27,1911.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. A short distance above the station is a dam owned by the Hansen & 

Barzen Milling Co. and the city lighting plant. The variation in load on the turbines, due to the operation of the lighting plant (at night) and of the mill (chiefly 

during the day), caused fluctuations in the river at the gage.
32 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent. Rating curve well developed between 19 and 5,600 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths once daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table except 

for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

obtained by applying to rating table daily gage height corrected for effect of ice 

by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records good except on certain days when diurnal fluctuation was 

such that one reading would not give mean for day; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 11 «

Apr. 1

Made by 

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

6.36

5.89

5.98

6.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

346

410

446

875

Date.

Apr. 1

Made by 

T. M. "Wardwell. .......

.....do.................

E. F. Chandler... ......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.11

6.84

5.21

4.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

QQQ

1 660

610

OQO

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,300

1,300

1,110

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

995

995

940

840

790

1,050

940

940

1,500

1,570

840

890

940

ft on

940

840

940

995

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,110

1,170

NOT.

1,170

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,170

1,300

1,230

1,170

605

9Qft

515

560

fi4fl

718

790

695

fiQC

650

840

605

605

431

452

4£9

4A9

459

4Q4

Dec.

515

538

538

605

538

538

515

472

605

605

97

560

605

fi>;n

650

560

650

740

740

74ft

74ft

479

OQQ

q7K

357

382

406

431

41 ft

Af\R

393

Jan.

393

431

323

323

290

258

258

290

290

323

323

290

323

290

290

258

258

258

290

290

258

OQA

SOS

323

258

258

258

258

qoq

323

323

Feb.

357

290

357

357

323

. 323

290

323

323

357

323

393

431

431

472

qoq

323

qQq

431

431

431 4*>1

393

431

472

472

479

472

Mar.

472

472

472

472

472

560

605

605

560

605

605

605

605

605

650

740

650

3<«

472

740

890

695

840

QA(\

740

CQK

650

7QA

740

QQA

940

Apr.

890

940

995

1,360

1,720

2,110

1,950

3,700

4,000

5,060

4,500

4,610

4,610

4,200

3,600

2,820

2,460

2,280

2,280

2,280

2,110

1,870

1,720

1,570

1,640

1,570

1 640

1 640

I

CAft

i dm\

May.

1,430

1,360

1,300

1,300

1,230

1,300

1,230

1,300

1,230

1,110

1,110

1,050

1,050

995

995

970

940

GAft

840

940

995

940

940

QQA

890

890

865

840

840

£4A

790

June.

790

790

765

765

765

765

790

765

740

718

695

718

628

538

515

560

628

605

650

560

560

582

605

560

605

605

560

560

605

593

July.

582

605

538

515

560

538

515

452

472

494

515

452

452

340

452

472

472

340

357

472

412

412

375

357

375

357

340

323

qoq

OQft

357

Aug.

412

306

274

274

186

274

242

186

274

266

258

186

274

242

242

186

186

212

212

212

186

242

186

186

142

QQ

iqq

186

1QQ

212

306

Sept.

tt;Q

258

258

133

186

159

111

258

186

212

290

qoq

258

186

919

997

OKQ

919

242

274

f)Af)

919

ISA

242

1 Oft

212

186

199

212

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 13 to Apr. 5. Gage not read, discharge interpolated 

Oct.20, Apr. 19, May 16,27, June 13,22,30, Aug. 10,25, Sept. 16 and 29.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 33

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn,,forthe year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

March..

April. ........................................:.......................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

September. ..........................................................

Maximum.

1,570

1,300

740

431

472

940

5,060

1,430

790

605

412

290

5,060

Minimum.

790

290

97

258

290

393

890

790

515

290

go

133

Q7

Mean.

1,040

798

524

300

389

647

2,440

1,040

653

436

223

218

725

RED LAKE RIVER AT CROOKSTON, MI1TN.

LOCATION. In sec. 31, T. 150 N., R. 46 W., at new Sampson's Addition highway 

bridge in Crookston, Polk County, a quarter of a mile below dam and power 

house of Crookston Waterworks Power & Light Co.'s plant. No tributaries enter 

for several miles.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,320 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 19,1901, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Barret & Lawrence water-stage recorder on right abutment of bridge; installed 

in September, 1911; replaced chain gage attached to bridge July 1, 1909; both 

gages at same datum. Prior to July 1, 1909, gage was on old Sampson's Addition 

bridge, about 300 feet farther upstream; this gage read the same as the present 

one at ordinary stages. Gage inspected by Roy Lundahl.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from steel highway bridge at gage section.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control not well denned; one channel at all stages; slightly 

shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 11.9 feet April 11 (discharge, estimated because of ice at control, 

about 5,320 second-feet); minimum mean daily stage, from water-stage recorder, 

2.39 feet August 30 (discharge, 78 second-feet).

1901-1917: Maximum mean daily stage recorded, 21.5 feet April 17, 1916 (discharge, 14,400 second-feet). A minimum discharge of 10 second-feet was recorded 

by discharge measurement made January 27, 1912. The flow is controlled to 

such an extent that the minimum recorded discharge has no bearing on the

minimum natural flow.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation at the gage is caused by the operation 

of the power plant immediately above the station. The plant has little storage, 

so that the mean monthly flow should represent nearly the natural flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent throughout the year. Rating 

curve used well developed between 100 and 10,000 second-feet. Operation of 

water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout year except during extremely cold 

weather when records are fragmentary; during such periods readings from chain 

gage were taken. Daily discharge obtained by applying to rating table mean 

daily gage height obtained by planimeter from the gage-height graph except for 

winter period for which it was obtained by applying to the rating table the mean 

daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records excellent; winter 

records subject to error.

96719° 19 WSP 455 3
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 9

Feb. 12«

Made by 

E. F. Chandler.........

T. M. War dwell........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

feet. 

5.33

5.40

5.11

5.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,220

620

419

377

Date.

Mar. 17«

July 9

Aug. 2

Made by 

T. M. Wardwell.......

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

5.90

10.50

4.07

3.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

460

3,050

647

304

Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. ........ .'....

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

12..............

14..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

23..............

25.............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,320

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,150

1,150

1,200

1,050

1,000

955

910

865

955

1 000

955

955

910

910

955

1,000

955

1,000

955

1,050

1, 150

1 200

1^260

Nov.

1,260

1,260

1,320

1,380

1,440

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,200

1,100

910

700

460

328

490

575

660

740

820

740

740

660

660

620

540

620

660

620

Dec.

640

620

700

7nn

820

820

820

820

865

865

660

670

670

680

680

680

/son

690

700

660

Aft-t

383 1159

250

340

JQ A

520

620

610

600

690

Jan.

E7A

560

550

540

421

491

MO fta(\

*7Cft

660

346

O1 A

eyjfr

290

OCA

346

346

180

OKA,

01 A

383

1 E^9

OJO

242

275

OQrt

383

400

421

Feb.

421

421

620

415

210

335

460

310

350

383

400

421

460

430

310

383

420

460

500

480

460

420

383

421

500

580

560

540

Mar.

540

640

540

540

540

500

491

421

421

480

540

620

780

700

580

EOA

700

660

740

740

740

820

780

1,000

1,050

1,100

1 9Stfl

1,500

2,140

Apr.

2,900

2,830

2,760

2,620

2,900

3,750

4,070

4,800

4,720

4,980

5,320

4,310

4,310

4,390

4,390

4,070

3

Q-I A

3,670

3,200

3,120

2 980

2*830

2,690

2,480

2,340

2,280

2,280

2,280

2 280 '

May.

1,880

1,820

1,760

1,880

1,880

1,820

1,820

1,820

1,690

1,560

1,560

1,500

1,500

1,440

1,380

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,260

1,260

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,150

1,100

1,100

1,050

1,050

June.

1,050

1,050

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

ACK

955

955

955

910

910

Q1 A

910

Qlft

910

OftK

89ft

78ft

780

fan

780

780

780

780

780

780

780

780

740

July.

740

740

740

740

740

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

7ftft

700

700

700

740

740

700

700

660

620

600

580

560

540

500

Afi(\

421

387

353

Aug.

324

303

278

296

314

328

324

317

310

310

306 296

296

300

303

310

321

328

317

324

346

332

272

223

183

163

142

112

78

84

Sept.

OK

104

119

126

139

149

144

142

136

132

119

112

100

100

104

110

132

144

156

177

186

1QK

213

236

239

239

239

239

239

239

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by Ice Nov. 14 to Apr. 16. Gage not in operation Oct. 1; discharge estimated.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Month.

April.................................................................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

^

Maximum.

1,380

1,440

865

780

620

2.140

5,320

I

con

1,050

740

OOA

5,320

Minimun.

865

328

152

152

O1 ft

421

2,280

1,050

740

353

78

95

78

Mean.

1,090

871

621

387

430

737

3,400

1 '880 440

644

274

160

gio
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 35

THIEF RIVER NEAR THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINK.

LOCATION. In sec. 3, T. 154 N., R. 43 W., at Drybrook ford, Pennington County, 5 

miles north of Thief River Falls. Nearest tributary, outlet of Mud Lake, which 

enters in northeastern part of T. 156 N., R. 42 W.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,010 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1909, to September 30, 1917, when station waa discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage installed August 26, 1915, on cantilever timber fastened to a 

tree on right bank. Inclined staff gage, installed September 4,1913, to replace 

old inclined staff gage, which was set at incorrect gage datum, was used until 

August 26,1915. Gage read by T. H. Risteigen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from steel highway bridge 1,000 feet below the 

gage; at low stages made by wading near the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and boulders; nearly permanent; one 

channel at all stages. Banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 12.6 feet April 

11 (discharge, 2,550 second-feet); minimum stage 3.63 feet August 25 (discharge 

0.5 second-foot).

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 14.5 feet, April 23, 1916 (discharge, 4,080 

second-feet); no flow in October, November, and December, 1910, January, 

February, and December, 1911, January and February, 1912, and February, 1916.

REGULATION. Dam at Thief River Falls at the mouth of Thief River, backs up the 

water in Thief River for several miles, but station is protected from influence of 

dam by rapids below.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent. Rating curve well denned 

between 0.1 second-feet and 3,800 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice 

a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating table, except during period when stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, for which period it waa obtained by applying to rating table occasional 

gage height corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes and weather records. Open-water records excellent except those for 

discharge below 10 second-feet which are subject to error; winter records subject 

to error.

Discharge -measurements of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 30

Feb. 10

Mar. 17

Made by 

T. M. Wardwell........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.68

4.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.5

1.4

0.7

Date.

Apr. 6

Made by 

T. M. Wardwell. .......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.77

4.61

3.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

845.

32.

1.6
36 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

244

244

232

232

220

208

208

196

191

169

308

155

134

134

130

122

116

in«

86

86

90

99

108

112

126

140

112

134

166

180

182

Nov.

185

187

182

182

182

182

182

178

178

173

155

151

130

126

116

106

97

87

7Q

68

61

50

43

38

31

23

23

23

25

26

Dec.

26

26

26

26

25

25

25

25

20

20

14

14

10

10

10

10

13

16

16

4

3

Jan.

5

Feb.

3

Mar.

2

3

6

10

14

25

25

Apr.

32

32

35

32

126

440

1,370

1,210

1,410

2,020

2,550

1,970

1,740

1,660

1,370

1,020

920

850

 780

710

675

572

538

472

456

440

409

379

364

350

May.

322

295

282

256

244

231

219

219

207

183

150

109

86

77

72

66

65

65

65

63

62

58

54

51

48

46

44

40

39

39

37

June.

37

37

37

36

36

35

35

35

34

34

35

42

51

52

49

47

41

36

28

15

19

20

21

20

21

23

24

35

29

29

July.

29

29

27

27

32

37

40

38

34

31

26

22

21

21

20

18

14

12

10

10

9

9

9

9

9

8

8

8

8

7

7

Aug.

5

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

2

2

1

8

7

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

5

6

6

6

6

6

7

Sept.

0.7

0.9

1

2

2

2

2

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

4

5

6

7

. 8

9

9

9

9

9

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 11 to Apr. 13. Gage not read Sept. 16-19, 21-25, 

27-30, discharge estimated. Braced figures snow mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Month.

April.................................................................

July..................................................................

August ...............................................................

Maximum.

308

187

26

2,550

322

52

40

6

9

2,550

Minimum.

86

23

3

32

37

15

7

.5

.7

.5

Mean.

160

109

12.7

5.0

3.0

4.29

831

122

32.8

19.0

2.03

3.55

108

CLEARWATER RIVER AT RED LAKE FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 22 T. 151 N., R. 44 W., at Great Northern Railway bridge at 

Red Lake Falls, Red Lake County, about 1J miles above mouth and 2 miles 

below nearest tributary, a stream coming in from the left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,310 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 18, 1909, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Combination vertical and inclined staff gage, installed September 12, 1911, 

about half a mile downstream from original gage, as the building of a dam caused 

several feet of backwater at the old section. New gage set to read 2.23 feet when 

the original gage read 5.83 feet. Gage read by Leo Steinert.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Great Northern Railway bridge or by wading about 300 feet below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; smooth. Control nearly 

permanent. Two channels at low stages, united at high stages. Banks high, 

wooded and not subject to overflow.
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE BASINS. 37

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.4 feet April 11 

(discharge, 1,080 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.84 feet, August 21 

(discharge 42 second-feet).

1909-1917: Maximum discharge recorded 3,990 second-feet, April 15 and 16, 

1916; minimum discharge 20 second-feet, July 4, 1911.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. At low stages flow is affected by the Steinert dam, 600 feet above the 

gage. The storage at this plant is small and only a slight diurnal fluctuation is 

observable at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent. Rating curve well defined 

between 53 and 1,160 second-feet and fairly well defined between 1,160 and 3,550 

second-feet. Gage read to tenths twice a day. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage height to rating curve, except during period when 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by 

applying to rating table daily or weekly gage height corrected for effect of ice 

by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records good except those for extreme low stages which are fair; 

winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 12o

Made by 

T. M. "Wardwell.. . .....

.....do..................

T.M. Wardwell........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.42

4.60

4.55

6.15

2.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

82

70

65

450

68

Date.

Aug. 3

3

Sept. 17

17

Made by 

E. F. Chandler.........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.27

2.15

2.22

2.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

85

66

82

63

Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8......--.....-

9......-..-.--.

10......-.------

11..............

12..............

13..........--.-

14..............

15..............

16........--...-

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26.........-.-.-

27............ ..

28. .............

29..............

on

31......-....---

Oct

101

120

120

120

110

101

101

85

78

72

72

78

85

85

85

93

101

101

101

101

120

120

142

142

142

142

131

120

101

110

120

Nov.

120

120

101

101

101

85

85

78

72

72

72

 46

45

Dec.

 40

60

70

Jan.

I 70

Feb.

I 70

Mar.

65

£y\)

Apr.

. 740

1,080

1.000

968

895

700

556

529

529

476

476

450

425

425

425

425

425

400

376

376

425

May.

476

376

376

291

291

270

251

251

251

219

219

219

219

219

251

251

251

219

173

138

138

138 116-

116

116

116

127

138

138

138

127

June.

116

116

116

116

99

99

99

91

84

84

84

91

99

91

84

72

72

84

84

84

84

72

72

72

72

67

62

67

72

67

July.

62

62

62

62

72

67

72

77

91

84

72

84

84

72

72

67

62

62

55

55

55

55

55

48

48

51

55

62

72

84

84

Aug.

84

72

72

67

62

62

62

62

62

72

72

72

72

72

72

67

67

48

48

45

42

42

48

45

42

42

42

48

45

42

48

Sept.

51

55

62

55

55

62

67

79

79

79

62

67

«9

62

62

67

77

84

84

84

84

77

72

72

77

84

84

84

72

62

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 12 to Apr. 10. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
38 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Clearwater River, at Red Lake Falls, Minn., for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.'

October .................................................... I .........

April.................................................................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

Maximum.

142

120

476

116

91

84

84

Minimum.

72

376

116

62

48

42

51

Mean.

106

63.9

57.1

70.0

70.0 IAQ

625

214

85.7

66.6

58.0

70.0

133

ROSEAU RIVER AT CARIBOU, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 164 N., R. 45 W., at steel highway bridge in Caribou, 

Zittson County, 1 mile south of international boundary and 3 miles upstream 

from crossing of boundary line by river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,340 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1 to October 6, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream handrail of bridge, 60 feet from left abutment; read by James A. McKibbin.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel is artificial, of trapezoidal cross-section, about 100 

feet wide and 10 feet deep. Bed composed of hardpan, with few scattered large 

boulders. Stage of zero flow, bottom of channel, gage height about 3.0 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during period, 9A feet April 

17 and 18 (discharge, 1,370 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.15 feet September 29 

(discharge, about 4 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. No diversions involving storage or loss of water. A channel about 3J 

miles long was dredged some years ago from a point about 4 miles above the station to a point 1 mile below. At a stage of about 6.0 feet water flows in this 

channel and must be measured and included in all measurements of main channel.

REGULATION . None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent. Rating curve, based on 

two discharge measurements and by use of Kutter formula, only fairly well defined 

between 5 and 1,200 second-feet. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table, except during period when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table 

mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Roseau River at Caribou, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Apr. 9«

lOo

Made by 

T.M. Wardwell........

.....do.................

Oage 

height.

Feet. 

7.30

7 07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

336

396

Date.

PU»r>t 1

Made by 

T. M. Wardwell.. ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.96

3.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

879

9

a Ice at control.
HTJDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 39

in second-feet, of Roseau River at Caribou, Minn., for the period Apr. 1 

to Oct. 6, 1917.

I..............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17........... ..

18..............

10

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Day.

.

Apr.

113

126

154

184

216

233

250

250

324

405

448

516

666 i non

1,200

1,370

1,370

1,260

1,200

1,120

1 AftA

1,020

988

956

925

894

QQ4

864

925

May.

1,090

1,160

805

776

776

720

720

666

666

614

589

KRA

516

516

470

448

426

384 *>44

OftA

305

259

233

200

176

162

147

100

54

97

June.

20

176

94

76

65

65

49

44

39

35

31

40

49

44

54

72

 88

82

76

65

54

54

4Q

49

44

44

49

65

54

88

July.

88

94

100

88

88

100

82

76

76

72

72

65

60

60

54

54

54

49

44

44

40

40

35

31

27

27

27

31

31

27

27

Aug.

27

24

24

24

24

24

20

20

17

17

17

20

20

24

24

24

27

. 27

on

12

6

9

7

6

6

6

6

6

9

14

20

Sept.

24

27

35

35

27

17

6

6

6

4

4

4

6

6

6

7

9

9

14

60

65

54

37

24

12

7

6

6

4

4

Oct.

6

7

9

12

14

17

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Apr. 1-14.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Roseau River at Caribou, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Month.

April.................................................................

May..................................................................

June .................................................................

July..................................................................

August...............................................................!

September. ..........................................................

Maximum.

1,370

1,160

176

100

27

65

Minimum.

113

9

20

27

6

4

Mean.

720

460

60.5

56.9

17.1

17.7

MOUSE RIVER AT MLWOT, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At Anne Street footbridge, northeast of Great Northern Railway roundhouse at Minot.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,400 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 5,1903, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to Anne Street footbridge on pier nearest left bank; 

vertical staff for low-stage readings on same bridge on pier nearest right bank. 

From 1903 to December, 1909, gage was a vertical staff similarly placed on a footbridge then existing about 20 rods above Anne Street. All gages at same datum. 

Gage read by Ephraim Cox.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Anne Street bridge or by wading a few rods 

below the dam at the Soo Railway water tank.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of clay and silt; nearly permanent. Capacity of channel at high stages changed slightly by artificial structures or encroachments through the city. Control is a 5-foot dam of timbers and loose rock a mile 

below the gage, at the Soo Railway water tank; the dam raises the water at the 

gage about 3 feet at ordinary low stage, when the water just reaches the crest of 

the dam. Some water leaks through the dam, and when the discharge of the 

river is less than about 8 second-feet the water level falls below the crest.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191*7, PART V.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during the year, 11.4 feet April 29 (discharge, 1,280 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.0 feet September 28 (discharge, 

0.3 second-foot).

1903-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 21.9 feet April 20, 1904 (discharge, 12,000 

second-feet); minimum stage, 1.8 feet February 28, 1913 (discharge, 9.1 secondfoot).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation only slightly affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS AND REGULATION. None above station, so far as known.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; slightly affected by changes in 

control and by ice. Rating curve used October 1 to February 28 fairly well 

defined; curve used March 1 to September 30 fairly well defined above 30 secondfeet. Gage read to half-tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage height to rating table. Records good, except for extreme 

low stages, which are fair.

Discharge measurements of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

Date.

Dec 28

Apr. 21

July 16

Made by 

.....do............................................................ .......

height.

Feet.

4 3Q

9.08

4.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7.5 ofti

39.3

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mouse River at Minof, N. Dak., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. ............

4..............

6..............

7.... ..........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

2L.. ............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

23

23

26

29

29

29

26

23

23

26

29

29

26

23

23

23

23

26

26

26

26

23

23

23

26

26

26

26

26

26

23

Nov.

23

23

23

23

26

26

26

29

29

0<>

0<>

JO

90

Dec.

29

29

9?

17

12

Jan.

12

10

17

1 9

Feb.

5

5

Mar.

9

24

10

10

10

20dn

80

142

140

140 ivt

200 9*yi

300

KAQ

Apr.

548

500

476

476

452

500

548

596

762

886

1,010

1,050

1,050

1,080

1,110

i idn

1,120

1,080

1,040

Qftfi

934

QIC

934

QflA

1,070

1

1 cn

1,220

1

9CA

1,280

1,260

May.

1,250

1,230

1,220

1,210

1,150

1,120

1,120 i idn

1,160 i ion

1,220

1,210

1,180

1.080

950

816

762 *799

682

(Uft

476

452

Afin

Aflf\

^74

°.9ft

292

97O

268

266

253

June.

253

240

240

227

227

9An

240

227

227

227

214

214

oni

914

9*a

914.

176

Ifift

176

1QQ

188

164

153 i CLQ

149

142

100

199

July.

1ft4

IfU

96afi

96

88

DO

OQ

74

74

61

74

74

OQ

74

74

66

Eft

45

40

Oo

31

01

36

36

9.1

OQ

OQ

24

24

Aug.

91

91

1ft

1ft

1ft

16

16ift

91

91

91

24

24

24

21

16

11

11

11

11

9

1 ft

1

a

1 Q

1 o

1.0

0 9

0

0

Sept.

A O

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

The following table shows for each 10-day period during the years ending September 

30,1916 and 1917, the gross evaporation, the total rainfall, and the mean temperatures 

for the 10 observations of the water and of the air.

Evaporation observations at University, N. Dak., for years ending Sept. SO, 1916 and 1917,

Date.

1915-1916. 

Oct. 1-10.......

11-20.......

21-31.......

Nov. 1-10. ......

May 17-20.......

20-31.......

21-30.......

July 1-10.......

11-20. ......

21-31 .......

Aug. 1-10-..-...

11-20.......

21-31.......

Sept. 1-10. ......

11-20.......

21-30.......

Evaporation.

Inches. 

0.84 

.86 

1.24 

.77 

.65 

1.27 

1.70 

1.37 

1.30 

1.37 

1.90 

2.15 

2.41 

1.68 

1.86 

1.59 

1.17 

1.00

Rainfall.

Inches. 

0.08 

.09 

.11 

.64 

.00 

.72 

.52 

.84 

2.17 

1.66 

1.48 

.37 

1.07 

.59 

1.91 

.57 

.29 

.33

Mean temperature 

(°F.).

Water.

41 

46 

45 

37 

50 

59 

62 

64 

67 

78 

80 

77 

75 

73 

67

55 

52

Air.

42 

48 

46 

38 

47 

56 

56 

57 

62 

74 

74 

73 

70 

66 

60 

63 

52 

49

Date.

1916-1917.

11-20.......

21-31.......

Apr. 25-30.......

May 1-10.......

11-20.......

21-31.......

11-20. ......

21-30.......

July 1-10.......

llr-20. ......

21-31.......

Aug. 1-10.......

11-20.......

21-31.......

Sept. 1-10.......

11-20.......

21-30.......

Evaporation.

Inches. 

0.79 

.40 

.44 

.50 

.34 

1.07 

2.21 

1.75 

1.61 

1.67 

1.99 

1.35 

1.52 

2.07 

1.54 

1.73 

2.05 

1.38 

.66 

1.26

Rainfall.

Inches. 

0.08 

.31 

.27 

.00 

.61 

.23 

.00 

.00 

.17 

1.20 

.58 

2.68 

.08 

.08 

.29 

1.20 

.09 

.04 

.79 

.05

Mean temperature 

(°F.).

Water.

51 

39 

36 

37 

45 

56 

66 

62 

54 

68 

62 

77 

76 

85 

64 

63 

63 

60 

60 

57

Air.

43 

36 

36 

41 

39 

48 

58 

49 

66 

59 

62 

64 

67 

75 

61 

69 

63 

52 

60 

55

RAINY LAKE AT RAOTER, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 30, T,. 71 N., R. 23 W., at foot of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Koochiching County.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1910, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage at sawmill, about 500 feet above the Canadian Northern 

Railway bridge. Prior to June 6, 1916, a vertical staff gage in connection with a 

Haskell water-stage recorder on protecting crib above the Canadian Northern 

Railway bridge. For further information regarding location and datum of gages 

from which earlier records were obtained see Water-Supply Papers 325, 355, 385, 

and 405. Elevation of zero of gage used during present year is 488.00 feet, referred 

to what is known as the Minnesota and Ontario datum. The records have been 

reduced to a gage whose zero is at 489.00 feet, to correspond to records previously 

published.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.56 feet Qfctober 1 

and 2; minimum stage recorded, 1.9 feet September 26.

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 10.99 feet June 10, 1916; minimum stage 

recorded, 0.85 foot March 22, 1911.

REGULATION. The stage of Rainy Lake is controlled at the dam and power plant of 

the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co., at International Falls, 2 miles below the 

outlet of the lake, water being stored during periods of high run-off and drawn 

off during periods of low run-off.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records furnished by the Canadian Department of 

Public Works.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 41

Monthly discharge of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. 30,

Month.

November. ..............................................

May .....................................................

July.............. ......................................

September ...............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

29

1,280 

1,250 

253 

113 

24 

.8

1,280

Minimum..

23

452 

253 

113

24 

.8 

.3

.3

Mean.

25.3 

31.6 

22.2 

12.5

5.4 

74.1 

912 

801 

196 

63.8 

12.9 

.5

180

Kun-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

1,560 

1,880 

1,360 

766 

299 

4,560 

54,300 

49,200 

11,600 

3,920 

793 

30

130,000

EVAPORATION AT UNIVERSITY, N. DAK.i

The evaporation gage at University, N. Dak., was established April 17, 1905, on 

a pool in a ravine called English Coulee, which runs through the campus of the 

University of North Dakota, immediately west of Grand Forks, N. Dak., and 2 miles 

west of the Minnesota boundary.

The coulee drains about 60 square miles of very level prairie. Except for brief 

freshets the flow in the coulee is small, varying from 1 second-foot or less to 20 secondfeet. In very dry weather the water lies in pools with scarcely any perceptible flow.

A heavy galvanized-iron tank, 3 feet square and 18 inches deep, is placed in the 

center of a^n anchored raft, so that the water in the tank is at the same level as the water 

surface outside. The tank is filled nearly to the top, to a height precisely marked 

by the pointed tip of a vertical rod in the center of the tank. Once each day, after 

the change produced by evaporation or rainfall, the water level is restored to the 

original height, the precise amount of water transferred being measured with a cup of 

such size that one cupful of water is equivalent to 0.01 inch depth in the tank.

On the open prairie about 40 rods distant is a standard rain gage. On days of rainfall the difference (which is usually small) between the quantity measured by the 

rain gage and the surplus in the tank is considered the total evaporation for the day.

Observations were made usually about half an hour before sunset. The temperature 

of the water recorded is the observation of the water in the tank. As the tank is made 

of metal, it has been found that at that time of the day there is rarely a perceptible 

difference in temperature reading between the water within and without the tank. 

The temperature of the air as recorded is the mean of the readings of the standard 

self-recording maximum and the self-recording minimum thermometers for the 

preceding 24 hours.

i For complete description of this station and records of evaporation, rainfall, and temperature for 1905 

to 1908 see II. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 245, pp. 64-67,1910.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... .........

2..... .........

3..............

4..............

5.,... ........

6..... ........

7... ......... ..

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

11,300 

10,800 

12,100 

11,400 

11,000

11, 100 

11,000 

9,960 

10,300 

11,200

11,300 

11,300 

11,300 

11,300 

9,870

10,000 

11,300 

11,300 

11,300 

11,200

11,200 

10,300 

9,680 

11,300 

11,200

11,200 

11,200 

11,200 

9,740 

9,950 

11,200

Nov.

11,200 

11,200 

11,200 

11,200 

9,660

9,450 

11,000 

11,100 

11,100 

11,000

11,100 

8,730 

9,020 

11,000 

11,200

11,200 

11,200 

10,900 

8,880 

8,450

11,200 

8,150 

5,510 

9,660 

9,440

7,380 

10, 400 

10,900 

10,700 

10, 600

Dec.

10,600 

10,700 

5,760 

9,690 

10, 700

10,700 

10,700 

10,700 

10, 700 

9,360

8,340 

10, 700 

10,900 

10,700 

10,700

10,700 

5,700 

9,060 

10,200 

10,200

10,600 

10,800 

10,800 

9,600 

1,450

7,310 

10,200 

* 10, 600 

9,020 

10,700 

7,640

Jan.

8,720 

10,800 

10,800 

10,900 

10,800

10,900 

10,000 

9,150 

10,800 

10,800

10,900 

10,900 

10,800 

7,940 

9,470

10,900 

10,800 

10,900 

10,800 

10,800

9,700 

8,400 

11, 900 

10,800 

10,800

10,700 

10,500 

9,510 

9,800 

10,700 

10,800

Feb.

10,700 

10,800 

10, 700 

8,260 

9,330

10,800 

10,800 

10,800 

11,000 

10,700

8,120 

9,930 

10,800 

10, 700 

10,800

10,800 

9,220 

7,830 

9,760 

10, 700

10,600 

10,800 

10,800 

10,800 

7,960

9,690 

10,700 

10,600

Mar.

10,800 

10,700 

10,600 

8,610 

8,950

10,600 

10,600 

10,600 

10,700 

10,, 700

8,470 

9,180 

10,500 

10,500 

10,500

10,400 

10, 400 

9,320 

9,400 

10,400

10,500 

10,400 

10,300 10, 400

8,250

9,120

10,400 

10,600 

10,400 

10,400 

10,400

Apr.

8,980 

9,540 

10,500 

10,400 

10,500

10,400 

10,400 

8,890 

9,170 

10,400

10,400 

11,600 

12,700 

12,500 

8,940

9,230 

10,500 

10,600 

10,600 

10,500

10,400 

9,160 

9,960 

10,300 

10,200

10,300 

10,400 

10,600 

9,470 

10,100

May.

10,300 

10,300 

10,400 

10,400 

10,400

9,350

9,800 

10,400 

10,400 

10,500

10,400 

10,400 

9,680 

9,710 

10,400

10,700 

10,400 

10,300 

10,600 

9,080

9,860 

10,300 

10,500 

10, 600 

10,500

10,400 

7,980 

9,720 

10,300 

10,400 

10,400

June.

10,400 

10,400 

7,260 

9,560 

10,400

10,300 

10,5<X) 

10,500 

10,400 

9,060

9,510 

9,960 

8,330 

7,350 

7,380

7,830 

7,760 

6,450 

6,780 

9,640

10,500 

10,300 

10,400 

9,850 

10,000

10,400 

10,400 

10,100 

10,400 

10,400

July.

9,340 

7,030 

8,380 

7,480 

9,090

9,970 

10,000 

8,920 

9,360 

10,000

10,000 

9,870 

9,920 

10,000 

9,580

9,900 

9,880 

9,960 

9,940 

9,920

9,950 

9,200 

8,740 

9,960 

9,860

10,000 

9,890 

9,900 

8,430 

9,780 

9,910

Aug.

9,660 

9,870 

9,980 

9,920 

5,540

9,510 

9,880 

9,610 

9,780 

10,000

10,100 

8,330 

9,800 

10,300 

8,080

8,340 

8,480 

9,060 

7,750 

9,020

8,850 

8,930 

9,050 

9,430 

9,080

7,480 

8,550 

9,110 

8,908 

9,030 

8,990

Sept.

8,350 

7,430 

4,260 

6,420 

8,400

8,370 

8,390 

8,310 

7,890 

7,850

8,030 

7,220 

7,140 

7,380 

7,380

6,780 

7,160

7,450 

7,380 

7,200

6,920 

6,780 

5,120 

6,300 

6,320

6,250 

6,300 

6,230 

6,210 

4,050

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Month.

October. .............................................................

December ............................................................

April.................................................................

May..................................................................

July. .................................................................

Maximum.

12,100

11,200

10,900

11, 900

11,000

10,800

12,700

10,700

10,500

10,000

10,300

8,400

12,700

Minimum.

7,870

5,510

1,450

7,940

7,830

8,250

8,890

7,980

6,450

7,030

5,540

4,050

1,450

Mean.

10,900

10,100

9,530

10,400

10,200

10,100

10,300

10,200

9,420

9,490

9,040

6,980

9,710

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey 

from daily-discharge record furnished by the Canadian Department of Public Works.

KAWISHIWI RIVER NEAR WINTON. MINN.

LOCATION. In. sec. 20, T. 62 N., R. 11 W., in a pond above lower dam of St. Croix 

Lumber Co. at Kawishiwi Falls, 500 feet above Fall Lake, 3,000 feet below Garden 

Lake, near western line of Lake County, 2J miles east of Winton, St. Louie 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,200 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 21, 1905, to June 30, 1907; and October 14, 1912, to 

September 30,1917.
HUDSON BAY DEAHSTAGE BASINS. 43

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

9Q

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

8.56

8.56

8.53

8.48

8.45

8.44

8.40

8.38

8.35

8.32

8.30

8.27

8.26

8.28

8.26

8.28

8.30

8.31

8.31

8.28

8.26

8.22

8.22

8.21

8.18

8.20

8.20

8.20

8.20

8.19 

8.17

Nov.

8.18

8.18

8.18

8.20

8.25

8.21

8.18

8.18

8.20

8.15

8.16

8.20

8.20

8.20

8.15

8.15

8.15

8.15

8.15

8.19

8.17

8.15

8.15

8.15

8.20

8.2

8.15

8

1

8 1

8.1

Dec.

8.1

8.1

8.12

8.05

8.05

8.05

8.10

8.10

8.07

8.10

8.05

8.10

8.05

8.05

8.05

8.05

8.05

8.09

8.08

8.05

8.05

8.03

8.02

8.02

8.06

8.10

8.10

8.10

8 in

8.10 

8.10

Jan.

8.10

8.12

8.07

8.60

8.00

8.00

8.00

7.98

7.95

7.95

7.95

7.90

7.88

7.90

7.90

7.90

7.85

7.84

7.85

7.85

7.84

7.83

7 84

7.83

7 sn

7.78

7.76

7.76

7.75

7.74 

7.74

Feb.

7.73

7.68

7.65

7.61

7.60

7.60

7.57

7.55

7.53

7.50

7.50

7.47

7.44

7.41

7.37

7.35

7.31

7.35

7.30

7.27

7.23

7.20

7.20

7.15

7.10

7.05

7.02

7.00

.......

Mar.

6.96

6.96

6.89

6.85

6.77

6.70

6.70

6.70

6.60

6.50

6.48

6.46

6.45

6.41

6.36

6.30

6.25

6.20j

6.16

6.10

6.05

6.00

5.96

5.92

5.89

5.84

5 sn

5.70

5.65

5.62 

5.50

Apr.

5.50

5.44

5.40

5.33

5.28

5.21

5.16

5.14

5.10

5.05

4.90

4.90

4.85

4.80

4.70

4.73

4.73

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.71

4.70

4.72

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.70

May.

4.69

4.68

4.71

4.73

4.73

5.21

5.16

5.14

5.10

5.05

4.90

4.90

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.66

4.65

4.70

4.67

4.65

4.65

4.60

4.58

4.55

4.60

4.5ff

4 54

4.52 

4.48

June.

4.46

4.44

4.45

4.44

4.43

4.40

4.35

4.34

4.32

4.35

4.28

4.10

(«>

4.20

4.23

4.30

4.35

4.40

4.40

4.35

4.30

4.30

4.28

4.24

4.25

4.20

4.15

4.15

4.15

4.15

July.

(«)

4.10

4.10

4.16

4.12

4.08

4.05

(«)

4.00

3.98

3.98

3:95

3.90

3.88

3.90

' 3.88

3.82

3.76

3.76

3.74

3.72

3.75

3.70

3.64

3.55

3.60

3.55

3.55

3.55

3.50 

3.45

Aug.

3.42

3.38

3.33

3.20

3.25

3.25

3.28

3.25

3.23

3.10

3.05

3.05

3.00

2.90

2.85

2.90

2.87

2.86

2.82

2.77

2.70

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.62

2.65

2.60

2.55

2.55

2.49 

2.46

Sept.

2.44

2.42

2.42

2.42

2.40

2.37

2.35

2.35

2.30

2.20

2.17

2.22

2.25

2.22

2.20

2.17

2.15

2.10

2.05

2.10

2.07

2.05

2.10

2.00

1.92

1.90

2.00

2.02

2.00

2.02

a Gage not read owing to wind.

NOTE. Gage heights referred to the same gage datum as those previously published in water-supply 

papers containing records for this drainage basin.

RAINY RIVER AT INTERNATIONAL FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 71 N., R. 24 W., at dam and powerhouse of Minnesota & 

Ontario Power Go.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 1, 1907, to September 30, 1917.

DISCHARGE. Determined by Canadian Department of Public Works from powerhouse records.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 12,700 second-feet 

April 13; mininmim daily discharge, 1,450 second-feet December 5.

1907-1917: Maximum daily discharge, 37,300 second-feet June 7, 1916; minimum discharge, 431 second-feet April 21, 1909.

WINTER FLOW. Determined from power-house records.

REGULATION. Except during periods of high discharge, the flow is completely regulated at the dam and power plant of the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co. The 

plant is run on a 24-hour basis, so that except on Sunday the flow is fairly uniform; 

it is in fact much more uniform than the natural flow, use being made of the 

storage capacity of Rainy Lake, which has an area of about 344 square miles.

COOPERATION. Estimates of flow through the power house are furnished by the 

Canadian Department of Public Works.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 45

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed the last part of September, 1912, at a 

point just above right end of dam. Well was attached to timbers bolted to the 

vertical rock wall of the right bank of the river. Auxiliary staff gage was also 

attached to one of these timbers. The gage shelter was supported by timbers 

which were bolted to the horizontal portion of the rock wall above all possible 

high water. OnMay27,1913, the Stevens wasreplaced by a Friez water-stage recorder. During the high water of June, 1914, the well together with the float and 

weight were carried away by logs. At this time a concrete well was installed by 

the International Joint Commission a little below the dam and outside the river 

channel, and connected with the pool above the dam by a pipe through the dam. 

The gage was repaired and again put in operation about July 1,1914. Both waterstage recorders refer to the same datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 1,000 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. At the gage the river flows through a small deep pool formed 

by a timber dam without openings, which constitutes the control and is permanent unless the dam is destroyed or alterations are made in the crest. Abo'ttt 

200 feet above the dam is a decided falls. Banks not overflowed in the vicinity of 

the gage. At the measuring section the bed of the stream is rock and bowlders; 

rough; current swift except at low stages.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.25 feet 8 p. m. 

June 20 (discharge, 3,140 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded 17 secondfeet April 17.

1905-1907 and 1912-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 7.2 feet April 30 and May 

7,1916 (discharge, 5,370 second-feet); no flow August 24, 25, 30, 31, and September 

1, 1915, August 6 and 8, 1906, and April 23, 24, and 26, 1907.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice; open-channel rating 

curve assumed applicable. The operation of the water-stage recorder is affected 

by ice, and the flow from December to March, which is very constant during this 

part of the year, is computed from weekly reading of the staff gage.

REGULATION. The St. Croix Lumber Co. has a dam at the outlet of Garden Lake to 

control the level of water in that lake and store water to be used in driving logs 

over the stretch of rapids between Garden and Fall Lakes. This dam is capable 

of holding the water in Garden Lake about 7 or 8 feet above its natural level at 

low water before water will flow over the gates. When the water in Garden Lake 

is held at a high stage the elevation of water is considerably higher in Farm Lake, 

and it is understood that the elevation of the surface of White Iron Lake is somewhat affected by the stage of Garden Lake. During the log driving season, 

April to November, the water in Garden Lake is held to the elevation of the top 

of the gates practically all the time. In November some of the gates are opened 

so that the lake is drawn down to low-water stage, and remains so until spring. 

The St. Croix Lumber Co. has a dam at the outlet of Birch Lake, which controls 

its elevation, and is capable of holding the water about 5 feet above low water. 

This dam is left open during the winter and until the high water of the spring 

break-up has passed. It is then closed and the lake is held as high as possible 

during the summer. A number of low dams in Stony River are used for sluicing 

logs off rapids but create no large amount of storage back of them. Large 

volumes of water are allowed to pass through the sluices of the dam at the outlet 

of Harden Lake for a few hours at a time, at irregular intervals, when desired to 

drive logs from Garden Lake to Fall Lake; when the gates are closed there is 

only a slight flow caused by leakage through the dam. At times some of the 

gates are partly opened to allow passage of sufficient water to prevent flow over 

crest of dam.
46 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 191*7, PART V.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not usually affected by ice and 

seldom by logs. Rating curve fairly well denned below 2,890 eecond-feet. Continuous record from recording gage during the open-water period; weekly gage 

readings during winter. Daily discharge ascertained as follows: October 1 to 

December 31 and April 17 to May 16 from hourly gage heights; January 1 to April 

11 determined from weekly gage heights; May 20 to September 30 by the discharge integrator. Discharge estimated for brief periods when gage was not 

working, or record fragmentary, for periods shown in footnote to daily-diBcharge 

table. Records good except those for low stages, which are subject to error. 

The following discharge measurement was made by W. G. Hoyt: 

September 12, 1917: Gage height, 1.05 feet; discharge, 245 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaurishiwi River near Winton, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... .........

3... ...........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10........ ------

11..............

19

 10

14..............

15-.-.-.-...--..

16..............

17..............

18....-......---

10

20..............

91

99

00

24

25..............

26..............

97

28...----.......

9Q

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

855

1,110

875

830

815

650

980

490

490

490

490

490

780

500

740

890

660

610

840

1,080

1,240

140

805

950

950

QCA

1,270

1,270

1,260

1,250

Nov.

1,240

1,230

760

755

745

740

735

730

725

720

715

710

1,130

1,160

1,150

1,140

1 140

1,140

1,130

1,130

1,120

1,120

1,110

1,100

1 060

540

690

670

650

630

Dec.

595

580

566

556

540

520

505

500

495

495

495

495

495

495

485

475

470

455

440

430

410

400

305

son

OOK

380

380

Jan.

300

Feb.

190

Mar.

. 145

Apr.

150

150

150

150

150

150

1 P1A

150

150

150

150

50

30

25

22

20

17

97

42

48

51

53

67

67

w

fi9

tv>

fV>

64

64

May.

145

195

170

140

135

145

120

85

70

700

700

700

765

895

680

650

1 '710 040

665

345

865

1,090

490

905

June.

715

645

980

790

640

700

875

800

470

580

780

760

680

540

430

895

480

910

2,200

2,390

9 AAf\

2 140

1^820

1,130

2,060

2

1OA

o <un

2,120

0 OCA

July.

1,600

1,650

1,760

1,150

1,720

1,340

1 460

l'200

1,220

1,450

1,080

1,230

1,500

1,680

1,730

1,740

1,920

1,840

1,970

1,940

1,020

1 140

l'300

1*360

1^220

815

755

630

520

650

760

Aug.

480

600

600

600

600

925

185

680

695

750

795

895

1 '550 040

750

940

onn

1,390

880

1,170

725

710

880

725

Sept.

485

350

745

850

94fl

1,120

400

1,290

910

680

660

555

270

830

600

600

850

560

740

665

ion

600

195

800

710

1,040

510

630

1,010

425

NOTE. No gage readings, discharge estimated, Apr. 12-16, May 17-19, Aug. 2-5,19-26. Sept. 15 and 16. 

Discharge based on record of stage for less than 24-hour periods, May 27, June 15,17, July 29, 30, Sept. 14 

and 15. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge, in second-feet, of Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Month.

February. ............................................................

March ...............................................................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

Maximum.

1,270

1 '615 240

1,090

O AAf)

1,970

1,290

2

AAf\

Minimum.

140

540

380

17

430

520

190

17

Mean.

830

920

479

300

190 lifi

84

416

1,260

I

OOrt

7OO

650

619
HUDSON BAY DBAIITAGE BASINS. 47

VERMILION RIVER BELOW VERMILION LAKE, NEAR TOWER, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 2, T. 63 N., R. 17 W., in St. Louis County, about 100 yards belowdarn at outlet of Vermilion Lake, 4 miles above Twomile Creek, which enters 

from the west, and about 18 miles across Vermilion Lake from Tower.

DRAINAGE AREA. 507 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 17, 1911, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to a tree at the left bank; read by Mrs. A. E. 

Shively.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. From 1911-1913 made from a cable just below the 

gage; from 1914-1916 made from a boat about 1 mile below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of solid rock and large boulders. Heavy 

falls a short distance below the gage form permanent control; banks are not overflowed to any considerable extent,

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 1.7 feet October 

1-5 and July 5 (discharge, 397 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.70 foot 

March 4-12, April 5-6, and September 28-30 (discharge 130 second-feet).

1911-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 3.8 feet April 29 to May 7,1916 (discharge, 

2,050 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.22 foot October 1 and 2, 1914 

(discharge 60 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice, owing to the heavy fall at the 

control section, and to the proximity to Vermilion Lake.

REGULATION. At the outlet of Vermilion Lake, a few hundred feet above the gage, 

is a loose rock dam which is used to raise the water surface of the lake for aid in 

navigation. This dam has no gates, but was repaired on July 19, 1912, thus for 

a period reducing the flow below normal. From April 28 to May 10, 1914, parts 

of the dam were removed and for some time subsequent the flow exceeded normal.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined. Gage 

read to quarter-tenths daily; fluctuations in stage so gradual that good results are 

obtained from one reading a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

daily gage height to rating table. Records good. 

The following discharge measurement was made by R. B. Kilgore: 

September 13, 1917: Gage height, 0.88 foot; discharge, 156 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River below Vermilion Lake, near Tower, 

Minn.,for the year ending Sept, SO, 1917.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16...:..........

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23

24..............

25.....:........

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

397

397

397

397

397

397

378

, 358

358

358

340

321

321

321

321

321

321

321

321

321

321

321

321

358

358

340

340

321

321

321

Nov.

321

321

321

321

321

321

321

321

304

304

304

287

287

287

287

287

287

272

272

272

257

257

257

257

257

' 257

257

257

257

9Ai

Dec.

244

244

244

231

231

231

231

231

231

231

231

231

220

220

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

198

198

187

187

187

187

Jan.

187

187

187

187

187

187

187

187

187

183

183

183

177

177

177

171

171

171

171

167

167

167

167

167

167

167

163

158

158

158

158

Feb.

158

158

158

148

148

148

148

148

148

148

148

148

148

148

148

148

148

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

I^IQ

Mar.

139

139

139

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

139

138

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

139

134

Apr.

134

134

134

134

130

130

130

130

134

134

134

134

134

134

139

139

139

139

139

148

158

171

108

220

231

231

231

231

257

272

May.

272

287

287

304

304

321

321

321

321

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

321

321

321

321

321

304

287

287

287

287

272

272

June.

272

272

272

272

272

257

257

257

257

257

257

257

257

257

257

257

257

272

287

287

304

321

340

358

378

378

378

378

378

378

July.

378

378

378

378

397

378

378

378

378

378

378

378

378

378

358

358

358

358

358

340

340

340

340

340

340

321

321

V\i

304

287

287

Aug.

272

272

272

257

257

244

244

244

244

236

236

231

231

220

220

220

208

208

208

208

198

198

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

Sept.

208

187

187

187

187

183

183

177

177

171

167

167

163

163

158

158

158

158

152

152

148

148

144

139

139

134

134

130

130

130
48

Monthly dii

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

<e of Vermilion River below Vermilion Lake, near Tower, Minn., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 507 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

397 

321

244 

187 

158 

139 

272 

340 

378 

397 

272 

208

397

Minimum.

321

244 

187 

158 

139 

130 

130 

272 

257 

287 

198 

130

130

Mean.

346 

286 

216 

175 

146 

136 

163 

314 

296 

354 

226 

161

236

Per 

square 

mile.

0.682 

.564 

.426 

.345 

.288 

.268 

.321 

.619 

.584 

.698 

.446 

.318

.465

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.79 

.63 

.49 

.40 

.30 

.31 

.36 

.71 

.65 

.80 

.51 

.35

6.30

LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLE FORK, MOTN.

LOCATION. In sec. 9, T. 68 N., R. 25 W., at lower of two highway bridges at Little 

Fork, Koochiching County, about 1J miles above mouth of Beaver Brook and 2J 

miles above Big Fork & International Falls Railway Bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,720 square miles.

'RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 23, 1909, to September 30, 1917, when station was 

discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to new steel bridge about 100 feet above the location 

of the vertical staff gage which was read prior to March 5, 1917, by G. H. French 

and Vernon Jamison. Chain gage was set to read the same as staff gage at a gage 

height of 6.5 feet.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge at medium and high stages; at 

low stages,made by wading a short distance above the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand, gravel, and bowlders. Banks high 

and not subject to overflow. Control permanent up to the summer of 1915, but 

during the high water in June there was a decided shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 18.7 feet 10 a. m. April 22, 

caused by backwater from a log jam at the railroad bridge; maximum discharge 

probably occurred April 23 (mean for day estimated at 4,460 second-feet); minimum discharge (estimated at 40 second-feet), February 9-20.

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 37 feet April 18, 1916 (discharge, 19,300 

second-feet); minimum discharge, about 40 second-feet, September 5, 1910, and 

February 9-20, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent since high water of June,. 1915 

Rating curve used, well defined below 5,670 second-feet and poorly denned 

above that point. Gage read to quarter tenths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for period 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained 

by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice 

by means of discharge measurements, observers' notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records good; winter records subject to error.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASINS. 49

Discharge measurements of Little Fork River at Littk Fork, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 12

Made by 

S. B. SouM... .........

.....do.................

»,

Feet. 

7.11

6.41

6.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

551

117

64

Date.

Sept. 17

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.50

7.55

5.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

62

ftoe

149

« Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1... ................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5....-...------....

6...................

7........-..--...-..

8......---..----.-..

Q

10.......-.-----.....

11...................

12.....-.-.------....

13..........----.....

14.......--..--......

15....--.--.-----.--.

16.........-.----....

17........------.....

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25..........----.....

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30....-..-.--------..

31...................

Oct.

790

7^

790

799

654

620

552

518

ftfW

AQ K

K-IQ

*1*>

K1Q

CAO

E1Q

485

485

518

586

fifu

722

<7OO

722

688

688

799

756

7on

896

932

i fun

Nov.

1,200

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,240

1,200

1,160

1,120

1,120

1,080

QfiS

932

QQfi

860

QO4

790

722

688

654

620

586

KIQ

518

518

502

502

502

485

485

455

Dec.

425

380

321

307

491

w;

OCft

350 *>qc

321

9Q4

90-1

OA7

281

001

268

281

268

244

198

167

148

139

132

124

117

138

158

148

139

ISO

Jan.

135

130

120

115

110

105

100

95

on

85

OR

85

QK

85

85

80

75

70

65

65

65

65

65

60

60

60

55

Kf\

50

50

45

Feb.

Kf\

Kf\

Kf\

55

55

50

Krt

454ft

40

4n

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

45

45

50

50

55

55

60

60

Mar.

60

60

60

60

60

65

65

70

75

OR

on

90

05

QK

100

105

110

115

115

120

130

14fl

i5n

160

160

170

170 ion

180

180

185

Apr.

185

185

185

185

200

255

280

280

40 K

520

790

1)080

1,360

1 640

1 QQD

2,190

2,390

2,590

2,800

3,020

3,460

3,860

4,460

4,400

4 400

3,980

3,460

3,410

3,630

3,680

May.

3,680

3,580

3,240

2,800

2,590

2,490

2 340

2,240

2 i4n

2 run

Q4n

,840

fvdft

,560

560

480

,440 <tfin

1,320

1,240

1,200

1,160

1,040

968

860

790

756

688

688

654

620

June.

586

518

502

486

470

470

440

425

QQK

380

350

335

321

307

281

281

307

335

425

455

502

rom

722

756

860

790

722

654

654

654

Sept.

167

167

167

1 KC

IE&

177

177

167 -IRQ

ley*

148

ion

1<IQ

148

139

i<?n

139

13Q

158 i«t

148

13Q

148

148

123

122

123

122

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 14-20 and Nov. 24 to Apr. 24. Gage not read 

July 1 to Aug. 31; no determinations of discharge.

Monthly discharge of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., for ffte year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,720 square miles.]

Month.

Mnv

Discharge in second-fee.

Maximum.

1,040 

1,320 

425 

135 

60 

185 

4,460 

3.680 

860 

177

Minimum.

485 

455 

117 

45 

40 

60 

185 

620 

281 

122

Mean.

658 

837 

249 

80.3 

46.6 

113 

2,040 

1*680 

500 

147

Per 

square 

mile.

0.383

.487 

.145 

.047 

.027 

.066 

1.19 

.978 

.291 

.086

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44 

.54 

.17 

.05 

.03 

.08 

1.33 

1.13 

.32 

.10

96719° 19 WSP 45E
50 STJKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ELK RIVER, MINK.

LOCATION. In sec. 3, T. 121 N., R. 23 W., at highway bridge in town of Elk River, 

about 2,500 feet below mouth of Elk River, in Sherburne County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 22, 1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to the handrail of the bridge, downstream side, near right 

bank; read by W. H. Ebner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; control not well defined. 

Banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge occurred during period April 1-10, 

when gage was not read; discharge not known, although on basis of power plant 

records was probably about 34,000 second-feet and occurred about April 5; minimum stage 3.6 feet 7.50 a. m. September 3 and 7 p. m. September 5 (discharge, 

about 3,530 second-feet).

1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded during unobstructed channel, 10.8 feet 

April 7, 1916 (discharge, 27,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.6 feet 

at 8 a. m. September 3 and 7 p. m. September 5 (discharge, about 3,530 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge estimated from 

records of discharge at Coon Rapids power plant, computed by the Minneapolis 

General Electric Co., allowance being made for the discharge of the Crow and 

Rum rivers, entering between Coon Rapids and the station.

REGULATION. Nearest dam above the station on the Mississippi is at St. Cloud, 40 

miles upstream. An observed systematic diurnal fluctuation at the gage of about 

0.1 foot is doubtless due to the regulation at St. Cloud, but most of the effect of 

regulation is equalized before reaching the station. The flow of the river is controlled by Government dams on the upper river for the purpose of increasing the 

low water open season flow in the interests of navigation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 4,620 and 12,400 and fairly well defined between 12,400 

and 26,300 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which period it was estimated from Coon Creek power-plant records (see heading "Ice"). Open water 

records good; winter records subject to error.

COOPERATION. Records of discharge at Coon Rapids power plant, upon which are 

based estimates of discharge during the winter months, furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by S. B. Soul<5.]

Date.

Apr. 12....... ......................................................................

height.

Feet. 

8.19

4.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

17,800

5,640
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASIN. 51

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., far 'the year

ending Sept, 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.....!........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21.. .............

22..............

23..............

24..............

26..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29 ...........

30 ...........

31..............

Oct.

8,880

8,880

8 OCA

8,560

8,880

8,560

8,560

8,560

8 94ft

8 94ft

8 94ft

7,930

7 930

8,240

7,620

7,310

7,620

7,310

7,310

7,620

7,260

7,260

7,310

7,620

7,620

7,310

7,620

7,310

7,310

7 01ft

7,620

Nov.

7,260

7,310

7,310

7,000

7,000

6,400

6,400

6,700

7 000

7

A/1A

7,000

6,700

6,100

5,800

4 340

4,620

4,340

4,620

4 340

4^620

5,500

5,500

5,200

5,800

4 060

1

U,500

1

Dec.

4,800

Jan.

4,600

Feb.

4,200

Mar.

4,000

Apr.

24,000

19,100

18,100

16,700

15,700

15,400

15,000

14,700

14,000

14,000

13,000

15,700

17,700

18,400

10 1ftft

1Q 400

19,400

18,800

17 400

16^700

May.

16,000

16,000

16,000

15,400

15,000

13,400

12,400

12,100

12,400

13,100

11,400

10,800

10,200

9,200

8,560

8,560

9,200

8,560

8,560

7,620

7,310

6,400

6,700

7 930 7 nnn

6,400

5,800

5,200

6,100

6,700

June.

5,800

6,100

5,500

5,200

4,620

5,200

5,500

6,100

5,800

5,500

5,200

5,200

4,910

5,500

5,500

5,500

5,200

4,910

5,200

5,200

5,500

4,340

4,620

4,620

5,500

5,500

5,800

5,800

5,500

5,500

July.

5,500

4,910

5,200

5,200

6,400

4,340

4,620

5,500

6,400

5,500

5,500

6,700

5,800

5,800

5,800

4,910

5,800

5,200

5,910

5,200

5,200 A IAI\

4,620

4,620

4,620

4,060

4,060

4,060

Aug.

4,340

4,910

4,620

4,620

4,620

4,060

4,620

6,400

4,910

4,910

4,910

5,500

5,800

5,200

5,500

5,800

5,800

5,200

5,200

4,620

4,620

4,620

5,500

4,910

4,340

4,340

4,340

4,340

4,060

4 340

4,340

Sept.

4,340

4,340

3,790

4,340

3,530

5,200

4,910

4,910

4,620

4,340

4,340

4,910

5,500

5,500

5,500

5,200

5,500

4,340

6,100

4,620

5,500

5,500

5,500

5,500

4,910

5,500

5,800

5,500

5,500

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 26 to Apr. 10; discharge estimated by comparison 

with records of discharge at Coon Rapids power plant, furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.. 

allowance being made for the discharge of Crow and Rum rivers, which enter between Coon Rapids and 

the station. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods or months included.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 14,500 square miles.]

Month.

i

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,880

16,000 

6,100 

6,700 

6,400 

6,100

Minimum.

7,260

5,200 

4,340 

4,060 

4,060 

3,530

Mean.

7,900 

5,850 

4,800 

4,600 

4,200 

4,000 

19,200 

9,820 

5,340 

5,160 

4,880 

5,020

6,730

Per

square 

mile.

0.545 

.403 

.331 

.317 

.290 

.276 

1.32 

.677 

.368 

.356 

.337 

.346

.464

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.63 

.45 

.38 

.37 

.30 

.32 

1.47 

.78 

.41 

.41 

.39 

.39

6.30
52 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART V. 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ST. PAUL, MINK.

LOCATION. At Chicago Great Western RaHway bridge near foot of Robert Street, 

St. Paul, 6 miles below mouth, of Minnesota River, in Ramsey County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 35,700 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 1, 1892, to September 30,1917. Observations of stage 

begun in 1873 by United States Signal Service and continued by United States 

Weather Bureau. Many discharge measurements made proir to 1900 by the 

United States Engineer Corps.

GAGE. Chain gage installed May 9,1913, on the handrail, downstream side, of Chicago 

Great Western Railway bridge near the foot of Robert Street; read by employees 

of United States Weather Bureau. From 1911 to May 9, 1913, the gage was a 

vertical staff gage, attached to a piling on the left bank of river, about 800 feet 

upstream from the present gage. Prior to 1911 a vertical staff gage on the Diamond 

Joe Line Wharf at the foot of Jackson Street, about 400 feet below the chain gage, 

was used.. The datum df all three gages is the same, allowance being made for 

the slight slope in the river between them.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Up to 1915 made from the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway bridge, 2 miles above the station; in November, 1915, and 

April, 1916, measurements were made from the Chicago Great Western Railway 

bridge, to which the gage is attached. During 1916 and 1917 measurements 

have been made from the Wabasha Street highway bridge, about 1,000 feet above 

station.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel somewhat shifting. Control not well denned. 

Banks moderately high; have not been overflowed in recent years.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.2 feet at 8 a. m. 

April 8 (discharge, 70,200 second-feet); minimum discharge occurred during the 

period when river was frozen over, and was probably somewhat less than 5,000 

second-feet.

1892-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 18.0 feet April 6, 1897 (discharge, 80,800 

second-feet); highest known discharge occurred July 22, 1867, and amounted to 

117,000 Becond-feet. Minimum stage recorded, 0.9 foot March 22, 1896 (discharge, 1,420 Becond-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; monthly mean flow generally 

ascertained from records obtained by United States Engineer Corps at lock and 

dam No. 2, below Minneapolis, allowance being made for the flow of the Minnesota River. During winter of 1916-17 records of flow past lock and dam No. 2 

were not available, and determinations of flow were based on records obtained 

from the St. Anthony Falls Water Power Co., of Minneapolis. N

REGULATION. During extreme low water regulation of the flow through the turbines 

at the nearest dam in Minneapolis may cause diurnal fluctuation of stage at St. 

Paul. Flow is regulated by Government reservoirs on the headwaters at Lake 

Winnebigoshish, Leach Lake, Pokegama Lake, Sandy Lake, Pine River, and 

Gull Lake to increase the low-water open-season flow in the interests of navigation, but the effect of this regulation is very gradual at St. Paul.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned throughout. Gage read once daily to tenths, but this 

reading perhaps does not represent the mean daily stage accurately on account of 

artificial regulation at power plants in Minneapolis; occasional additional readings 

indicate that the error is not large. Daily discharge obtained by applying daily 

gage height to rating table except for period when stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, during which determinations were based on flow of Mississippi 

River at Minneapolis plus flow of Minnesota River. (See note regarding Ice.) 

Open-water records range from fair to good; winter records subject to error.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by United States Weather Bureau. 

Data upon which mean monthly flow during winter periods have been based 

furnished by United States Corps of Engineers.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 53

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

[Made by Soul6 and Kilgore.]

Date.

Dec. 6...............................................................................

Apr. 18..............................................................................

«B.

Feet. 

2.89

13.05

Dis-" 

charge.

8ec.-ft. 

7,810

46,700

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. 80 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3-........--...

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7..............

S. ...... .......

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12......--.-....

11

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18

19

20... ...........

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

13,300

12,800

12,800

12,800

13,000

12,800

12,500

12,200

12,000

12,500

12,000

11,800

11,500

11,500

11,500

11,500

11,000

11,300

10,800

11,000

11,000

11,000

10,800

10,600

10,800

11,000

11,000

10,800

10,800

10 600

10^800

Nov.

11,000

10,800

10,800

10,600

10,400

10,600

9,920

9,920

10,100

10,400

9,920

9,920

9,920

8,000

7,200

6,270

7,200

7,200

7,800

8,000

8,210

8,420

8,420

7,600

6,450

5,390

6,090

6,630

8,000

7,800

Dec.

7,010

7,800

8,000

8,420

8,000

8,000

8,630

8,630

7,600

6,270

5,730

5,730

5,910

kioo

Jan.

,5,100

Feb.

4,500

Mar.

4,300

13,000

1C CAft

17,500

19,000

Apr.

31,100

35,000

36,200

41,600

52,600

58,000

63,700

68,600

67,000

65,300

62,000

58,800

55,600

53,400

54,100

51,100

48,300

46,200

43,600

42,200

39,100

38,500

39,700

39,700

40,300

41,000

41,000

40,300 A(\ inn

39,700

May.

38,600

37,900

37,300

36,700

36,200

35,000

33,500

32,000

30,200

29,800

28,200

26,700

25,200

23,700

22,300

21,000

20,000

19,300

18,700

18,100

17,800

16,900

16,000

15,500

16,300

16,000

15,500

15,200

1 c Kfin

15,200

16,600

June.

18,100

18,700

18,700

19,700

19,700

20,600

21,000

21,300

21,300

21,300

21,000

21,300

21,300

21,600

22,000

22,000

22,000

21,300

19,700

18,100

16,300

15,200 10 enft

13,600

14,100

14,600

15,800

16,000

17,200

16,000

July.

17,500

16,600

15,800

14,900

14,100

14,400

13,600

13,000

12,800

13,800

14,100

13,300

13,800

13,000

12,800

12,000

11,500

10,800

10,400

10,800

10,100

9,920

10,100

10,100

10,100

10,100

10,400

10,100

9 OCA

8,840

8,210

Aug.

8,420

7,600

7,800

7,600

7,600

7,400

7,800

7,600

8.210

8,210

8,000

8,000

8,210

8,630

8,210

8,000

8,210

7,800

7,400

7,600

7,200

7,010

6,450

7,010

6,820

6,450

6,270

6,270

6,090

6,450

6,270

Sept.

5,910

7,010

5,910

5,730

5,730

5,560

5,560

6,450

6,270

6,090

5,910

5,910

6,090

6,450

6,630

'6,630

6,450

6,630

6,270

6,270

6,450

6,270

6,630

6,630

6,630

6,630

6,270

6,820 e;630

6,630

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Mar. 27. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917. 

[Drainage area, 35,700 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June ...........................................

July...........................................

September...

The year .....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,300 

11,000 

8,630

19,000

68,600 

38,500 

22,000 

17,500 

8,630 

7,010

68,600

Minimum.

10,600 

5,390

31,100 

15,200 

13,600 

8,210 

6,090 

5,660

Mean.

11,600 

8,630 

6,050 

5,100 

4,500 

5,840 

47,800 

24,100 

18,800 

12,100 

7,440 

6,300

13,200

Per 

square 

mile.

0.325 

.242 

.169 

.143 

.126 

.164 

1.34 

.675 

.527 

.339 

.208 

.176

.369

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37 

.27 

.19 

.16 

.13 

.19 

1.50 

.78 

.59 

.39 

.24 

.20

5.01
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

CROW WING RIVER AT MOTLEY, MI3STW.

LOCATION. Near north border of sec. 18, T. 133 N., R. 31 W., at highway bridge in 

Motley, Cass County, about a quarter of a mile north of Northern Pacific Railway 

station and 2 miles above mouth of Long Prairie River, the nearest tributary.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,140 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 10 to November 30, 1909; April 17, 1913, to September 

30, 1917, when station was discontinued. Records for 1909 consist of discharge 

measurements and gage heights only.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream handrail of bridge near right bank, read by 

S. W. Jacobs. Prior to July 21, 1916, gage was a staff gage in two sections, the 

lower section attached to an old log bulkhead which constituted the abutment of 

a former bridge, and was about 20 feet above the upstream edge of the bridge, at 

the left bank; upper section was attached to an old piling just above the lower 

section.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; fairly permanent. 

Banks not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.2 feet at 6 

p. m. April 5 when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice (mean discharge 

for day estimated-at 3,600 second-feet); trimmnm open-water stage recorded, 

5.70 feet August 28 and 29 (discharge, about 270 second-feet).

1913-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 11.5 feet April 5 and 6, 1916 (discharge, 

9,440 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 5.70 feet August 28 

and 29,1917 (discharge, about 270 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Nearest dam above station is at outlet of Lower Crow Wing Lake, 

about 67 miles above Motley; regulation at this point has very little effect at the 

gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent. Rating curve well denned 

between 450 and 4,790 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to the rating 

table except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice for which 

it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights corrected for 

effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Craw Wing River at Motley, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

Date.

Oct. 31

Mar. 60

Made by 

S.B.Soute... ..........

.....do.................

.....do.................

 *.

Feet. 

6.60

6.95

7.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.050

506

489

476

Date.

Apr. 10

Sept. 18

Made by 

8. B.SouK... ........:.

&.

Feet. 

7.55

6.28

6.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,290

701

532

o Made through ice.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASEST. 55

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15... . ....

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20.. ___ . _ .

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30'..............

31..............

Oct.

1,360

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,230

1,170

1,170

1,110

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

990

990

oon

1,050

1 050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

990

990

oort

Nov.

990

930

930

930

930

930

930

908

908

930

930

800

468

580

625

710

770

770

770

805

840

840

770

650

510

535

555

600

625

650

Dec.

650

650

680

680

710

710

710

710

680

680

650

650

625

625

600

600

600

580

580

555

555

535

535

535

510

510

505

510

490

490

490

Jan.

510

500

490

490

490

485

480

475

470

470

470

475

480

485

490

480

470

475

480

485

490

490

490

490

485

480

470

470

470

470

470

Feb.

470

470

470

470

470

470

470

460

460

450

450

450

450

450

460

460

460

470

470

470

470

470

470

470

470

470

470

470

Mar.

470

470

470

475

475

4.71

460

500

510

520

530

550

560

570

580

600

610

620

640

650

660

670

690

700

710

710

710

710

710

710

940

Apr.

1,420

1,830

2,440

3,260

3,600

3,260

2,920

2,760

2,760

2,600

2,060

1.830

1.690

1,550

1 480

1,420

1,290

1,420

1,620

1,830

2,200

2,280

2,440

2,520

2

OQA

2,200

2,130

1,980

1,830

1,900

May.

1,980

1,980

1,900

1,830

1,760

1,690

1,550

1,480

1,420

1,360

1,290

1,290

1,170

1,170

1,110

1,170

1,110

1,170

1,290

1,230

1,170

1,110

1,050

1,050

1,050

990

930

930

908

908

908

June.

875

842

842

831

842

800

810

800

770

730

760

875

908

886

800

750

720

750

711

675

666

621

612

740

810

831

740

684

630

630

July.

621

594

549

504

495

495

549

558

558

585

585

576

567

558

549

540

531

513

504

495

468

468

443

436

422

415

401

394

380

374

450

Aug.

450

450

443

422

394

380

387

415

408

387

374

374

380

380

380

368

368

368

368

368

368

368

350

350

350

350

344

300

270

310

326

Sept.

332

332

350

332

350

350

350

350

368

350

350

387

459

486

504

540

531

522

522

648

702

702

702

675

675

675

648

648

630

630

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice Nov. 14 to Apr. 9. Discharge, Sept. 17, interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 2,140 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

January ....

April..........................................

May.,. ...................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,360 

990 

710 

510 

470 

940 

3,600 

1,980 

908 

621 

450 

702

3,600

Minimum.

990 

468 

490 

470 

450 

470 

1,290 

908 

612 

374 

270 

332

270

Mean.

1,090 

771 

599 

481 

465 

603 

2,160 

1,290 

765 

502 

373 

503

800

Per

square 

mile.

0.509 

.360 

.280 

.225 

.217 

.282 

1.01 

.603 

.357 

.235 

.174 

.235

.374

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.59 

.40 

.32 

.26 

.23 

.32 

1.13 

.70 

.40 

.27 

.20 

.26

5.08

LONG PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MOTLEY, MOOT.

LOCATION. On west line of sec. 19, T. 133 N., R. 31 W., at highway bridge 1 mile

south of Motley and 2 miles above mouth of river, in Morrison County. 

DRAINAGE ABBA. 973 square milefe.
56 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 10, 1909, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge, near middle of 

stream; read by Mrs. Clem Thompson. Prior to August 9, 1916, the gage was a 

staff attached to an overhanging stump on right bank of the river, about 100 

yards above bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge to 

which gage is attached; low-stage measurements made by wading a short distance

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of light gravel; practically permanent, 

affected by aquatic plants during portion of the year; left bank low, subject to 

overflow; right bank high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded when control was unobstructed, 

9.00 feet at 8.30 a. m. April 6 (discharge, 2,540 second-feet); minimum discharge 

105 second-feet March 1-11.

1909-1917: Maximum stage during period, 15.0 feet, April 5, 1916 determined 

by leveling from flood marks (estimated discharge, 4,280 second-feet, allowance 

being made for backwater). A discharge of 39 second-feet was measured by 

current meter on February 27, 1914; absolute minimum probably about 30 

second-feet. '

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent except as affectpd by 

ice and growth of aquatic plants. Rating curve Used October 1 to July 30 fairly 

well defined between 78 and 1,730 second-feet; extension above 1,730 secondfeet determined from area and mean velocity curves. Gage read to half-tenths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage heights 

to rating table; discharge August 1 to September 30, determined by shiftingcontrol method owing to obstruction of the channel by vegetation. Discharge 

for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice ascertained by 

applying to rating table gage height C9rrected for backwater by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water 

records fair; winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 14

Dec. 28«

Jan. 25a

Made by 

B.B. Kilgore. .........

S.B.SotiK. ...... ......

.....do.................

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

6.02

6.10

6.39

6.49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

433

139

126

106

Date.

Apr. 36

11

June 28

Sept. 19

Made by 

S.B.Soute.............

S.B. Soul6.. ...........

R. B. Kilgore. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.82

7.46

5.62

5.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,270

J.370

278

142

a Made through complete ice cover. & Open water at measuring section; ice jam at control.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BTVEE BASIN. 57

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

680

624

624

570

570

520

495

470

470

470

470

495

520

520

422

422

422

401

401

AM

401

401

401

401

401

401

401

401

,340

320

292

Nov.

265

265

265

265

282

300

360

360

360

340

340

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

282

282

282

282

282

282

282

300

300

320

340

Dec.

340

340

300

300

320

360

380

360

380

320

300

265

265

250

230

230

215

200

200

185

170

170

155

145

145

145

140

140

140

140

Jan.

140

140

140

140

135

135

135

135

135

130

130

130

130

130

130

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

Feb.

Ip5

125

125

125

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

115

115

115

115

115

' 115

115

115

115

115

110

110

110

Mar.

105

105

105

105

105

105

105

105

105

105

105

110

115

115

120

120

130

145

150

160

175

190

205

225

250

265

300

340

380

470

570

Apr.

740

1,000

1,280

1,730

2,290

2,450

2,130

1,890

1,730

1,350

1,280

1,140

1,000

870

870

805

740

680

680

935

1,140

1,280

1,420

1,500

1,350

1,280

1,210

1,140

1,070

1,000

May.

1,070

1,000

1,000

935

870

870

805

740

680

624

570

570

520

520

470

470

470

446

446

422

422

401

380

380

380

340

340

340

340

340

340

June.

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

282

265

265

248

248

232

232

232

282

300

300

265

248

232

July.

229

219

216

213

213

219

265

300

300

300

-300

300

265

232

232

229

219

213

203

200

197

203

213

203

197

188

176

167

165

182

216

Aug.

248

265

282

229

206

206

197

188

194

185

173

176

194

203

197

182

176

173

170

160

157

149

154

149

149

147

142

139

134

132

134

Sept.

127

130

132

130

130

127

127

130

132

132

130

130

142

152

144

144

142

134

130

127

132

130

127

122

127

122

120

120

118

113

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 9 to Apr. 5 and by aquatic plants Aug. 1 to Sept. 30.

Monthly discharge of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 973 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

September... . .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

680 

360 

380 

140 

125 

570 

2,450 

1,070 

320 

300 

282 

152

2,450

Minimum.

320 

265 

140 

125 

110 

105 

680 

340 

232 

165 

132 

113

105

Mean.

456 

301 

244 

130 

118 

184 

1,270 

532 

286 

225 

180 

130

340

Per 

square 

mile.

0.469 

.309 

.251 

.134 

.121 

.189 

1.30 

.547 

.294 

.231 

.185 

.134

.349

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.54 

.34 

.29 

.15 

.13 

.22 

1.45 

.63 

.33 

.27 

.21 

.15

4.71

ELK RIVER NEAR BIG LAKE, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 23, T. 33 N., R. 27 W., at highway bridge 4 miles east of Big 

Lake, Sherburne County, three-fourths of a mile north of Bailey station on 

Northern Pacific and Great Northern railways, half a mile above Tebbetts Brook, 

and 4 miles below mouth of St. Francis River.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

DKAINAGE AREA. 615 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 15, 1911, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to upstream edge of left abutment; read by 

Michael Tracy. Prior to April 7, 1916, the gage was a staff gage attached to a 

piling about 10 feet above the upstream edge of the bridge, near the right bank of 

the river.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and light gravel. Just below the 

gage is a slight rapids which constitutes the control at medium and low stages, 

and at which the bed consists of heavier gravel and cobblestones and is fairly 

permanent. From July to October the channel is usually obstructed by aquatic 

plants, which cause considerable backwater, that increases as the summer advances and reaches a maximum some time in September. No obstruction due to 

aquatic plants during the period April to September, 1917, due apparently to the 

change in control section. Bight bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank 

subject to overflow at a stage of about 9 feet, and some of the water cuts across a 

point formed by a loop in the river, and does not pass under the bridge.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.88 feet April 6 

(discharge, 2,850 second-feet); minimum discharge .about 75 second-feet January 24, 25, 28, and 29.

1911-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 10 feet at 6.30 p. m. May 7, 1912 (discharge, 5,100 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded during period, 

0.22 foot July 16, 1911 (discharge, 43.4 second-feet, measured by current meter); 

a discharge of 39 second-feet was measured by current meter on January 27,1912.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; change in control occurred 

about April 4 and 5 caused by breaking of ice jam with flood stage. Rating 

curve used October 1 to April 4, well defined throughout; curve used April 5 to 

September 30 well defined between 124 and 2,930 second-feet. Gage read to 

quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table except for period when stage-discharge was 

affected by aquatic plants, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating 

table mean daily gage height corrected for effect of backwater by means of discharge measurements, and for winter period by observer's notes and weather 

records. Records good for period when channel was unobstructed, winter records 

fair.

Discharge measurements of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 16"

Jan. 16«

Mar. 3«

Apr. 7

Made by 

E. B. Kilgore. .........

S. B. SouK...... ......

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.29

1.65

1.84

6.49

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

108

118

93

2,590

Date.

Apr. 13

May 24

Aug. 20

Made by 

S. B. Soul<5.............

.....do.................

,»,

Feet. 

4.03

1.60

1.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,190

207

159

<* Complete ice cover at control and measuring section.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 59

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.. ............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

297

283

283

283

283

297

297

297

297

297

312

312

312

312

312

312

312

312

326

341

341

341

341

326

341

341

341

341

341

341

Nov.

356

356

356

356

356

356

356

341

341

341

341

341

341

325

325

356

371

341

326

326

312

312

312

310

312

297

283

297

297

283

Dec.

283

269

269

269

94ft

w\

215

205

190

180

165

155

140

130

120

110

110

110

110

110

115

115

115

115

115

120

120

120

120

120

Jan.

125

125

130

130

135

135

135

135

135

135

130

130

125

125

120

120

115

110 inn

90

on

80

80

75

75

70

70

75

75

80

85

Feb.

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

90

on

90

90

90

90

90

on

95

Q5

AC

95

95

OH

on

90

90

90

on

on

Mar.

95

95

95

100

100

100

105

110

120

130

130

135

140

140

145

14K

145

145

145

145

155

170

185

205

220

240

260

9Qt;

350

415

Apr.

510

870

1,330

1,860

2,360

2,860

2,600

2,300

2,000

1,720

1,560

1,390

1,170

1,070

925

835

745

660

660

620

620

620

620

660 1i^

745

745

745

745

745

May.

700

700

660

660

620

580

540

500

482

464

428

394

378

346

330

314

282

282

236

221

221

221

221

206

192

192

178

178

221

251

June.

251

236

221

236

251

266

266

266

266

251

236

236

221

221

206

1Q9

192

175

167

161

178

172

175

206

330

330

378

378

O4C

314

July.

282

266

251

236

251

266

266

251

236

236

266

282

298

362

378

362

330

282

251

236

221

206

236

221

206

206

192

178

170

161

170

Aug.

167

158

156

150

140

150

178

178

178

172

164

192

221

221

206

192

192

178

178

172

167

161

156

156

150

145

140

134

129

129

127

Sept.

197

127

124

124

124

124

121

124

124

124

134

161

161

161

158

1 *\fi

1PK

153

1 *\fi

167

167

161

1 *\fi

156

1 *\fi

153

1 ^

156

1 *\fi

lift

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by backwaters from aquatic plants Oct. 1-31, and by ice Nov. 

14,15, 24, and Dec. 5 to Apr. 4.

Monthly discharge of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 615 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

341 

371 

283 

135 

95 

415 

2.860 

700 

378 

378 

221 

167

2,860

Minimum.

283 

283 

110 

70 

90 

95 

510 

178 

161 

161 

127 

121

70

Mean.

316 

331 

158 

108 

92 

169 

1,170 

367 

244 

250 

166 

146

293

Per 

square 

mile.

0.514

.538 

 .257 

.176 

.150 

.275 

1.90 

.597 

.397 

.406 

.270 

.237

.476

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.59 

.60 

.30 

.20 

.16 

.32 

2.12 

.69 

.44 

.47 

.31 

.26

6.46

CROW RIVER AT ROCKFORD, MINK.

LOCATION. In sec. 29, T. 119 N., R. 24 W., at highway bridge at Rockford, about 400 

feet below dam (not in use at present), about one-third mile below "Soo" Railway bridge and about a mile below junction of north and south branches. Between 

junction and station are outlets of Rebecca Lake and Lake Sarah, both very 

small streams.
60 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 4, 1909, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,520 square miles.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to a piling a few feet above the right end of the 

bridge; read by George W. Florida.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading about 600 feet 

below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. For most part bed of stream is composed of heavy gravel; 

practically permanent. Banks are not overflowed except during extreme floods.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.5 feet at 6 p. m. 

April 7, and 7 a. m. April 6 (discharge, 8,500 second-feet); minimum discharge, 

75 second-feet (measured by current meter February 27).

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 15.9 feet at 6 p. m. April 2 and 7 a. m. 

April 3,1916 (discharge, 10,600 second-feet); mini mum open-water stage recorded, 

4.55 feet January 29 and February 5, 1911 (discharge, 34 second-feet); true minimum, probably about 30 second-feet, occurred in February, 1915.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Prior to the winter of 

1911-12, little ice formed at the control, and the open-water rating curve was 

applicable throughout the year. Before the dam just above the station was 

destroyed the temperature of the large body of water back of the <iam was considerably above freezing, and the water did not freeze quickly when- released; 

but since the destruction of the dam natural conditions exist and ice forms.

REGULATION. On the North, Middle, and South forks of Crow River there are seven 

power plants with small storage, but the regulation at the various points is so slight 

that no appreciable effect is observed at the gage. The dam immediately above 

the gage was partly destroyed May 31, 1911, and has not since been repaired.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve well denned between 90 and 10,700 second-feet. Gage read to 

hundredths twice daily. Owing to effect of ice on gage there is some question as 

to the gage datum used during the winter and early spring. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except during 

period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was roughly 

estimated from discharge measurements and observer's notes. Open-water 

records good except for flood stages, for which they are fair; winter records roughly 

approximate.

Discharge measurements of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., during the period Oct. 1,1916,

to Oct. 4, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 27o 

Apr. 10

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.83

5.37

 10 Q1

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

97

75 

7,840

Date.

May 28

June 19 Oct. 4

Made by 

S. B. Soul6...... .......

.....do.................. 

K. B. Kilgore. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.67

6.40 

4.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,020

857 

111

o Made through complete ice cover.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 61

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13.......... ...

14..............

15..-. ........ 

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

on

21......:...,...

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

90

30..............

31..............

Oct.

610

610

610

610

610

610

610

582

582

cco

' 582

582

555

555

555

500

472

479

472

44*

445

472

500

500

479

472

500

472

479

472

44*1

Nov.

44*1

445

420

49fl

420

one

one

370

370

395

336

336

<*4 *

336

^"J7

322

309

318 ino

304

300

QAQ

290

Dec.

240

130

Jan.

110

90

/

Feb.

\ 80

Mar.

110

750

Apr.

6,100

7,560

5,990

5,990

6,810

7,560

8,360

8,500

8,080

7,690

7,430

7 050

6*690

6,210

5,880

5,550

5,440

5,130

5,030

4 930

4,630

4,430

4,230

4,430

4,330

4,630

4,330

4,330

4.230

4,140

May.

4,230

4,050

4,050

3,870

3,690

3,510

3,330

3,150

2,970

2,810

2,650

2,490

2,330

2,250

2,090

1,940

1,800

1,730

1,590

1,450

1,380

1,310

1,250

1,130

1,070

1,010

1,010

950

1,310

1,310

1,380

June.

1,450

1,660

1,800

1,870

1,800

1,730

1,730

1,590

1,520

1,520

1,450

1,450

1,380

1,380

1,310

1,250

1,190

1,010

860

775

692

638

610

610

610

555

472

345

313

July.

304

327

472

555

528

500

500

472

445

472

472

445

395

345

336

327

300

284

268

252

240

260

318

318

314

304

284

268

228

228

214

Aug,

220

214

. 211

220

214

208

196

190

178

166

166

184

202

202

187

178

163

154

14*

136

130

126

126

126

124

122

116

114

108

102

102

Sept.

102

102

108

110

106

IfU

106

108

108

110

110

114

120

130

139

151

160

154

148

136

128

122

124

126

122

126

126

122

118

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 24 to Mar. 31. Braced figures show mean discharge 

for period included.

Monthly discharge of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 2,520 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

May.................................... ......

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

610 

445

8,500 

4,230 

1,870 

555 

220 

160

8,500

Minimum.

445

4,140 

950 

313 

214 

102 

102

Mean.

530 

343 

183 

99.7 

80.0 

234 

5,860 

2,230 

1,130 

354 

169 

122

941

Per 

square 

mile.

0.210' 

.136 

.073 

.039 

.032 

,093 

2.33 

.885 

.448 

.140 

.067 

.048

.373

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.24 

.15 

.08 

.04 

.03 

.11 

2.60 

1.02 

.50 

.16 

.08 

.05

5.06
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MONTEVIDEO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 17, T. 117 N., R. 40 W., at highway bridge 1 mile south of Montevideo, Chippewa County, 500 feet below mouth of Chippewa River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,300 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 23, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream handrail of the bridge, near the left bank; 

read by Ben O. Brown. Datum of gage lowered 2 feet September 16, 1909, and 1 

foot more July 29, 1910, to avoid negative readings. All gage heights referred to 

latest datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and rock; practically permanent. There is a 

slight rapid just below the gage, but the control section is not well defined. Banks 

medium height and will be overflowed at a stage of about 14 feet. 

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.16 feet at 6 

p. m. April 4 (discharge, about 10,200 second-feet); minimum discharge 72 

second-feet Sept. 9 (gage-height, 2.24 feet).

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded 15.16 feet 6 p. m. April 4, 1917 (discharge, 

about 10,200 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded 6.8 second-feet (measured by current meter Feb. 9, 1912).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. No regulation on Minnesota River above station. Regulation of 

Chippewa River at the plant of the Chippewa Milling Co., in Montevideo, produces a slight fluctuation in the stage of Minnesota River at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent, except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve fairly well defined. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except 

during period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

obtained by applying to rating table tri-weekly gage heights corrected for effect of 

ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records good except those for extreme flood stages which are fair; 

winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 12

Jan. 27«

Mar. 10o

Made by 

S. B. Soul<5.... .........

.....do.................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage

Feet. 

5.89

4.70

4.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

891

286

191

94

Date.

Apr. 13

14

Sept. 23

Made by 

Soute and Kilgore. .....

B. B. Kilgore. .........

height.

Feet. 

14.43

14.35

2.64

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

7,750

7,610

130

Made through complete ice cover.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 63

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2...............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

a..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

26.. ............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,100

1,130

1,100

1,030

1,030

998

998

998

998

998

967

936

936

906

876

846

817

846

876

846

817

759

817

846

788

788

788

759

758

731

731

Nov.

731

703

703

703

621

703

675

675

675

648

648

516

490

568

542

621

817

731

675

621

621

594

594

568

568

542

542

516

642

490

Dec.

480

470

465

460

450

440

430

425

420

415

405

395

390

385

375

370

365

355

350

345

340

330

325

320

315

310

300

295

290

285

285

Jan.

280

280

275

270

265

260

255

250

250

245

240

235

235

235

230

225

220

220

220

215

210

210

200

200

195

190

190

190

185

180

180

Feb.

180

180

170

170

170

165

160

155

155

155

150

150

150

145

140

140

140

135

135

130

130

130

130

125

120

120

120

115

Mar.

110

110

105

105

105

100

100

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

100

110

110

130

140

160

180

200

225

315

490

2,660

3,240

3,570

4,200

Apr.

5,050

5,810

8 220

10,000

10,000

9.650

9,650

9.290

8,570

8,220

8.220

7.880

7,540

7,210

6,890

6,590

6.050

5,590

5,390

5,390

5,590

5,590

5,590

5,590

5,590

5,590

5,590

5,590

5.590

5,390

May.

5,390

5,210

5,050

4,760

4,630

4,400

4.200

4,030

3,880

3,750

3,630

3,520

3.400

3,240

3,130

3,020

2,910

2,810

2,660

2,560

2,460

2,360

2,320

2,280

2,140

2,100

2,000

1,920

1,820

1,820

1,820

June.

1,740

1,690

1,650

1,650

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,610

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,530

1 530

1,450

1,410

1,340

1,300

1 160

1,100

1,030

1,060

1,060

1,030

1,030

1.030

967

936

1.060

936

July.

967

967

906

876

817

817

788

731

731

788

703

675

647

619

592

675

675

540

566

514

514

514

488

462

462

436

436

386

314

362

338

Aug.

386

338

314

314

314

279

268

248

268

238

238

228

268

248

228

208

208

218

248

228

218

208

218

190

166

134

150

150

142

134

105

Sept.

104

150

150

150

118

118

97

134

72

74

84

166

134

166

158

110

102

100

126

104

118

166

150

166

166

182

190

166

150

134

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1 to Mar. 27. High discharge Nov. 17 reported by 

observer to be caused by going out of dam on Chippewa River.

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 

^ SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 6,300 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

November. ....................................

January .......................................

February.. ..... ...............................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

fUvnt ATTI liar

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,130 

817 

480 

280 

180 

4,200 

10,000 

5,390 

1,740 

967 

386 

190

10,000

Minimum.

731 

490 

285 

180 

115 

95 

5,050 

1,820 

936 

314 

105 

V 72

n

Mean.

897 

621 

374 

227 

145 

562 

6,900 

3,200 

1,340 

623 

229 

134

1,270

Per 

square 

mile.

a 142 

.099 

.059 

.036 

.023 

.089 

1.09 

.508 

.213 

.099 

.036 

.021

.202

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.16 

.11 

.07 

.04 

.02 

.10 

1.22 

.59 

.24 

.11 

.04 

.02

2.72
64 STJBFACB WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MANKATO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 14, T. 108 N., R. 27 W., in Blue Earth County, at Sibley Park, 

2 miles above center of Mankato and 1,000 feet below mouth of Blue Earth River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 20, 1903 to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Chain gage on right bank of river, about 1,000 feet below mouth of Blue Earth 

River; read by Clarence Staley, observer for United States Weather Bureau. 

The gage support is a substantial cantilever structure, supported by two heavy 

posts resting in concrete footings, constructed and maintained by the United 

States Engineer Corps.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge in center of Mankato, by 

wading a short distance below gage, or at extreme high stages, by boat near gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and light gravel; fairly permanent 

except during high stage; banks moderately high and not subject to overflow 

except at stages above gage height of 15 feet. Control not well defined.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.8 feet April 5 

(discharge, about 26,900 second-feet); minimum discharge 248 second-feet 

measured by current meter February 28.

1903-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 21.2 feet June 26, 1908 (discharge, 

43,800 second-feet); mi-numim stage recorded, 0.5 foot August 31, September 

1 and 2, 1911 (discharge, 89 second-feet). The highest known stage of this river 

occurred in 1881, and is shown in Mankato by a well-marked line which was 

approximately 27 feet above the zero of the present gage (discharge estimated 

65,000 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. The nearest dam on Minnesota River is at Minnesota Falls, 140 miles 

upstream. A dam on Blue Earth River at Rapidan, a few miles above the 

mouth, controls the flow of that river, which is about 20 per cent of that at the 

Mankato station, and produces considerable daily fluctuation at the gage, amounting at times to more than 1 foot.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; change in control section 

probably occurred during high water df June or was gradual between June and 

September. Rating curve used October 1 to June 15, well defined throughout; 

curve used June 16 to September 30 poorly defined. Gage read to tenths once 

daily. This reading does not represent accurately the mean daily stage on 

account of fluctuation caused by artificial regulation. Daily discharge ascertained by applying the daily gage height to rating table except for period when 

stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by 

applying to rating table daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means of 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water 

records fair; winter records poor.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by United States Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 10

Dec. 22«

Made by 

.....do.................

S.B. Soul6.... ........

Gage

Feet. 

2.15

1.90

1.71

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.330

554

393

Date.

Sept. 29

Made by 

S. B. Soul<5.............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet, 

1.59

9.13

1.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

248

11,100

445

a Measurement made from complete ice cover.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI RIVEE BASIN. 65

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River at Mankato, Minn.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5. .............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,440

1,380

1,380

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,260

1,320

1,380

1,380

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,200

1,200

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,260

1,260

1,200

1,140

1,140

1,140

1.140

Nov.

1,140

1,140

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,020

960

960

960

960

910

910

960

960

910

910

910

Dec.

910

910

860

860

860

860

910

910

910

910

910

860

860

860

860

810

760

710

660

635

590

550

550

550

530

530

510

510

510

490

490

Jan.

490

480

470

460

450

440

430

430

420

410

400

390

390

390

380

370

370

370

370

360

360

360

360

350

350

350

* 340

340

340

330

330

Feb.

320

320

320

310

310

310

310

300

300

300

300

290

290

290

280

280

280

280

270

270

270

270

260

260

250

250

250

250

Mar.

250

250

250

250

250

260

260

260

260

260

270

270

270

270

270

280

280

280

280

280

370

490

610

1,080

1,870

8,300

10,300

12,500

14,800

14,800

14,800

Apr.

21,600

22,100

22,400

25,500

26,900

25,500

24,700

22,900

24,700

25,000

23,700

23,400

21,400

20,900

19,400

18,400

16,900

16,000

15,200

14,500

14,100

14.500

14,300

14,500

15,000

14,800

15,200

14,500

14,300

14,300

May.

13,800

13,800

13,600

13,400

12,700

12,500

12,500

12,000

11,600

11,400

10,100

9,270

8,490

7,930

8,110

6,880

6,230

5.330

5,770

5,620

5,920

6,230

5,770

5,470

5,470

5,620

5,920

5,920

5,770

6,230

6,390

June.

11,200

12,900

11,830

11,400

10,700

11,200

11,400

12,500

15,000

15,500

16,000

16,2.0

15,200

12,500

10,900

10,100

9,050

8,270

8,460

6,980

5,990

5,530

5,680

5,C90

8,460

9,450

10,300

10,500

9,250

8,270

July.

7,700

7,340

6,470

5,990

5,830

6,150

6,470

6,150

5,830

5,530

5,830

4,950

4,4CO

4,010

3,760

3,640

3,C80

3,080

2,980

2,980

3,080

3,190

3,300

3,300

3,190

3,760

3,760

3,520

3,190

2,680

2,380

AUg

1 TTO

l'510

1,220

1,360

1,080

945

1,010

1,010

1,080

1,010

945

945

880

8SO

945

945

945

880

815

815

815

750

750

690

630

690

690

630

630

630

570

Sept.

570

520

520

520

520

520

520

470

520

520

470

470

470

470

470

470

470

420

470

470

470

520

420

420

420

420

420

420

470

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16 to Mar. 31.

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River at Mankato, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,440 

1,140 

910 

490 

320 

14,800 

26,900 

13,800 

16,200 

7,700 

1,750 

570

26,900

Minimum.

1,140 

910 

490 

330 

250 

250 

14,100 

5,330 

5,090 

2,380 

570 

420

250

Mean.

1,260 

1,040 

730 

390 

285 

2,750 

19,200 

8,570 

10,500 

4.440 

918 

478

4,210

Per 

square 

mile.

0.086 

.071 

.050 

.027 

.020 

.188 

1.32 

.587 

.719 

.304 

.063 

.033

.288

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.10 

.08 

.06 

.03 

.02 

.22 

1.47 

.68 

.80 

.03 

.75 

.04

3.92

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR WATSON, MINN.

LOCATION. On. line between, sees. 10 and 15, T. 118 N., R. 41 W., at highway bridge 

about 2$ miles northeast of Watson, Chippewa County, about 2 miles below 

mouth of Dry Weather Creek and 10 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,940 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Apr. 27, 1910, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued. From July 6 to September 17, 1909, four discharge measurements 

were made at the station.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of the bridge, near left bank of river; 

read by Clifford Bonde.

96719° 19 WSP 455 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached or by wading a short distance above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed consists partly of sand and light gravel and partly clay: 

shifts somewhat. The right bank slopes gradually, and the width of the stream 

increases rapidly as stage increases from 10 to 12 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.86 feet April 4 

(discharge, assuming there was no backwater from ice jams, about 9,600 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded 4.55 feet September 5 (discharge 21 second-feet). 

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded April 4, 1917; minimum stage recorded 

during open-water periods 3.90 feet August 7, 8, and 9,1910 (discharge, 5 secondfeet). ' A discharge of 1.7 second-feet was measured by current meter February 

9,1912.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; change occurred probably 

during the high water of April and May. Bating curve used October 1 to November 11, well defined between 358 and 4,250 second-feet; curve used April 6 to 

September 30, poorly denned throughout. Gage read to hundredths once daily; 

observations discontinued during winter. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying gage height to rating table. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 13

Apr. 13

Sept. 22o

Made by 

S. B.Soule. .................................. .1..........................

R. B. Kilgore.. ...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.09

13.38

5.03

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

532

2,780

65

a Made by wading 400 feet above gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. ..................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13......................... ..........

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Oct.

646

646

623

623

600

600

578

578

678

556

556

556

556

535

535

515

496

4QA

477

468

459

459

ARQ

459

459

459

459

459

441

424

424

Nov.

424

407

407

407

390

374

374

358

368

342

342

Apr.

3,330

3,330

6,520

9,700

8,620

8,080

7,720

3,680

3,560

3,220

2930

 2,750

2,590

2,440

2,300

2,230

2,050

1 930

l'930

2,300

2,440

2,440

2,370

2,370

2 44fl

2,510

2,370

2,370

2,300

May.

2,300

2,170

2,110

1,990

1,930

1,830

1,780

1,690

1,610

1,530

1,460

1,410

1,300

1,300

1,240

1,200

1,140

1,100

1,080

1,020

986

930

oni

876

849

822

770

719

fioi

670

670

June.

623

623

578

578

578

600

623

600

578

556

535

617

499

463

445

428

411

377

344

344

328

328

01 O

296

280

2fi4

248

296

280

264

July.

248

232

217

202

194

187

172

180

172

164

172

157

164

164

164

157

150

142

135

121

135

114

121

121

114

03

fiA

80

100

Aug.

86

80

80

100

100

86

86

80

74

80

80

86

107

107

114

107

107

100

86

74

68

4O

51

66

50

36

27

23

68

Sept.

55

32

25

31

21

«

AQ

Qt

34

43

23

60

62

41

34

74

CO

68

54

62

74

68

74

51

fin

62

41

74

44

33

NOTE. Gage not read Oct. 20 and Apr. 3; discharge interpolated.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASIN. 67

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,940 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

646 

424 

9,700 

2,300 

623 

248 

114 

80

Minimum.

424

342 

1,930 

670 

248 

80 

23 

21

Mean.

519 

380 

3,510 

1,290 

440 

153 

77.5 

49.7

Per 

square 

mile.

0.268

.196 

1.81 

.665 

.227 

.079 

.040 

.026

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.31 

.08 

2.02 

.77 

.25 

.09 

.05 

.03

, ST. CE.OIX RIVER AT SWISS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 42 N., R. 15 W., at highway bridge near post office of Swiss, 

Burnett County, about 2 milea above point where St. Croix River becomes 

boundary line between Wisconsin and Minnesota, 10 miles northeast of Danbury, 

Minn., on Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway. Namakagon 

River enters from left about 3£ miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,550 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale: 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 20, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Cast-iron staff gage bolted to concrete pier at left end of bridge; read by Capt. 

Richard Goldschmidt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel, smooth; acquatic plants during summer months 

may cause a small amount of backwater at the gage. Right bank high and not 

subject to overflow; left bank of medium height and may possibly be overflowed 

during extremely high water.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 3.05 feet at 

6.40 a. m., July 21 (discharge, 2,840 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 

at 710 second-feet February 22.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 6.73 feet at 6.45 a. m., April 22, 1916 

(discharge, 8,480 second-feet); minimum discharge, February 22, 1917.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

backwater from grass October 1-19, and by ice November 15 to April 4. Two rating 

curves used during year, applicable as follows: October 1 to April 4, fairly well 

defined between 1,000 and 7,500 second-feet; April 5 to September 30, fairly well 

defined between 850 and 7,500 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge, except as noted below, ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating tabfe; discharge October 1-29 determined by shiftingcontrol method, owing to backwater from grass; discharge November 15 to April 

4, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records good; winter records fair.
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Discharge measurements of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

Feb. 27o. ....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o 10

O Oft

2.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

863

734

820

Date.

MBIT Q

Aug. 18.. .....................

Ga?e 

height.

Feet. 

1.80

.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,680

909

a Complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.... ..........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,350

1,310

1,310

1,350

1,310

1,270

1,270

1 240

1,200

1,160

1,200

1,200

1,240

1,240

1,200

1,200

1 94A

1,270

1,310

1,350

1,350

1 *jf;fl

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,270

1,310

1,310

1 97ft

1,270

1,240

Nov.

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,200

1,200

1,270

1,240

1,270

1,200

1,130

,130

,070

040

,010

,010

1,010

1 040

1,070

1,100

1 lift

1,130

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160 i isn

1 to A

1 19/1

Dec,

1 i^ft

i nft

1,100

1,100

1,070

1,070

1 040

1,010

980

QW

son

865

840

QIC

7Qft

7Qft

7Qft

Qte

815

81 ^

Qt K

840

840

865

QCC

OCC

860

OCA

845

840

845

Jan.

850

865

880

870

865

855

8V>

QflA

865

can

855

ftfifi

865

830

7Qft

765

740

735

730

740

750

760

765

775

785

780

780

780

775

780

790

Feb.

780

775

780

780 7on

sn5

800

790

780

765

760

750

760

765

760

755

Tie

74ft

»70K

730

720

710

715

720

75O

780

820

CftA

Mar.

790

790

790

800

815

810

810

nne

1,000

1,040

1 040

1,040

1,070

1,100

1,120

1 140

1J60

1 10ft

1,280

1,380

1 440

1,500

1 560

1^630

1,740

1,860

1,820

1,770

1,820

1,860

Apr.

2,000

2 isn

2,200

2,280

2,270

2,070

2,070

2,170

2,0'0

1,980

2,070

1 980

1,980

1,980

I

s on

1,800

I

Qflft

1 800

i son

2,070

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,070

2,070

2,070

1,980

1 980

1

QQA

2,070

May.

2,070

2,070

2,070

1,980

1,890

1 800

1,760

1,710

1,620

1,580

1,530

I

AKrt

1,410

1,370

1,370

1,330 i 9Qft

1 9Qft

1 290

1 9^

1,210

1,210

1,170

1 l^ft

I

tOA

1 IQft

1,100

1,060

1,100

1,130

1,290

June.

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,490

1,490

1,530

1,530

1,530

1,490

1,450

1,370

1,290

1,250

1,210

1,170

1,170

1,130

1,170

1,210

1,250

1 9Rft

1,250 i 9on

1,370

1,450

1,490

1,450

1,370

1 J 330

July.

1,210

1,170

1,130

1,060

1,130

1,290

1,410

1,450

1,450

1,410

1,450

1,450

1,370

1,330

I

OCrt

1,250

1,210

1,130

1,100

2,370

2,780

2,470

2,370

2,070

1,710

1,530

1,410

1,290

1,170

1,100

1,060

Aug.

1,170

1,130

1,060

1,02Q

983

990

990

1,100

1,100

1,060

1,020

983

955

004

934

920

<M/t

913

892

885

906

Q9rt

onfi

<yyj

913

885

878

892

864

Sept.

885

913

864

815

843

885

878

906

885

843

857

962

1,130

1,210

1,210

1,170 i i"*n

1,060

oon

955

934

Q9ft

906

864

843

850

878

885

864

Mbnthly discharge of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 80, 1917. 

[Drainage areo 1,550 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet.

Month. ' 

Maximum.

October....................................... 1,350

March......................................... 1,860

Arn*il 0 98ft

May-......................:................... 2,070

July........................................... 2,780

Theyear. ......................... ....J 2,780

Minimum.

1,160 

1,010 

790 

730 

710 

790 

1,800 

1,060 1,130- 

1,060 

864 

815

710

Mean.

1,270 

1,150 

908 

808 

763 

1,230 

2,040 

1,440 

1,360 

1,470 

968 

941

1,200

Per 

square 

mile.

0.819 

.742 

.586 

.521 

.492 

.794 

1.32 

.929 

.877 

.948 

.625 

.607

.774

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.94 

.83 

.68 

.60 

.51 

.92 

1.47 

1.07 

.98 

1.09 

.72 

.68

10.49
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVEK BASIN. 69

ST. CROES RIVER NEAR ST. CROIX FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 18, T. 34 N., R. 18 W., at power plant of Minneapolis General 

Electric Co., on Wisconsin side of St. Croix River, near St. Croix Falls, Polk 

County, Wis., about 50 miles above confluence of St. Croix and Mississippi rivers 

near Hastings, Minn. Apple River, draining an area wholly in Wisconsin, enters 

from the left about 20 miles below the station; Snake River, draining an area in 

Minnesota, enters from the right, about 35 miles above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,930 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 10, 1902, to June 30, 1905; January 1, 1910, to September 30, 1917. Data for 1903 published in Water-supply Paper No. 98, pages 

176-177, under ' 'St. Croix River near Taylors Falls, Minn."

DISCHARGE. Determinations of discharge based on kilowatt output of dynamo and 

exciters plus flow over dam and spillway, considered as a weir.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 17,700 secondfeet April 5; minimum daily discharge 1,120 second-feet January 1,1917.

1902-1905 and 1910-1917: Maximum daily discharge 35,100 second-feet April 

23, 1916; minimum daily discharge 75 second-feet July 17, 1910. Minimum 

discharge caused by regulation.

REGULATION. Low-water flow controlled by operation of gates of power plant and by 

storage and release of water at Never's dam several miles upstream.

ACCURACY. Records have not been checked nor have any discharge measurements 

.been made by engineers of the United States Geological Survey; probably reliable.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1. ...... .......

3.............. 

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

10..............

11..............

19

10

14..............

15..............

16.............. 

17..............

is

19

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30-.......--....

01

Oct.

2,670

3

qnn

2,780 

3,710

9 QAA

O Onn

3,000 

2 440

3 (\A(\

2,420

9 ocn

S ftftn

2

QQA

2,900

2

ofirt

2,970

2

fiQf\

O Q7ft

3 01 A

2,960

3,320

2,510

3,450

3,580

3,140

3 040

3*140

3 1Oft

2,710 

3,380

3

9,4ft

Nov.

3,730

2 740

2*,750

3 inn

2,550

2,420

2,540

2 sin

2

ccn

2 Ann

2,510

O f\A(\

2,430

1,900 

1,210

1,660 i son

2

QQTk

1,690

9 49ft

S tun

2 9Qn

2 $nn

2

OOrt

3 9Af\

1 QQA

1 140

2,030

2,620

2 9dft

Dee.

2,080

3 040

1*980

2 1Rn

2 ion

2 4.cn

2,370 

2,250

2 osn

1,550

1 3fln

1,580

1 690

1,360 

1,510

1,540 

1 490

1*640

1,700 i nn

1,660

1,510

1,780

1 220

1,690

1,650

1 740

1*720

1,780

Jan.

1,120

1,620

1,760 

1 640

l!,720

2 1W1

1,440 

1,690

1,780

1,650

1 74rt

1,770

2,080

1,290 

1,680

1,680 

1,630

o nin

1,570

1,920

1,320

1 600

l)660

1,670

1,620

1,500

2,000

1 280

2,020 

1 660

1*,720

Feb.

1,690

1 540

2,090 

1 430

1*,390

1,600

1,650

1,700

1,590

2 nnn

1 360

1*600

1*660

1,640 

1,680

1,700 i tun

1 450

l)710

1,700

1,760

1 690

l!,660

1 940

1*,530

1,650

1,660

1,690

Mar.

1,710

1,710

1,990 

1,350

l 74n

1,710

1,780 

1,780

1,690

2 O4/I

1,510

1 730

i'7Qn

1,V50 

1,730

1,730 

1,890

1 450

1*680

1,800

1 040

I Qdfl

2,620-

1,920

9 AKfi

2,720

3,080

3,170

3,560

5,220

Apr.

8,220

9,520

10,400 

11 000

17*,700

16,700

16,400 

11,100

10,400

10,200

11,100

1ft A,0f\

10,200

8,760 

6,600

12,500 

8,530

6,810

6,940

7 460

8,200

7,260

8,240

8,700

8,860

8 Rdt\

i ?sn

8,550

6,650 

8,000

May.

8,600

8,340

8,780 

8,160

8,110

5 don

5,480 

6,030

4,420

4 950

4,190

4,260

4,220

4,150

3

Qin

3,940 

4,050

3

OAC\

3

CA(\

2,590

4,170

4 080

4*. 230

3,890

3,840

3,760

2,440

2,670

3,700 

2,480

3 <un

June.

3,650

3,290

2,590 

3,640

3,770

3,800

3,800 5 osn

3,790

2,520

3,680

3,880

3,850

3,960

3 <Mft

3,840 2wft

3,680

3,900

4,070

3,870

3,950

3,240

2,480

3,380

3,020

3,600

3,620

3,400 

3,350

July.

2,580

3,470

2,950 

2,380

3,020

3,330

3,230 

2,500

3,600

3,680

3,830

3,680

3 640

3)760

3

AQA

3,510 

3,750

3,760

3 7sn

3,690

3,750

3,660

5,820

3,870

4,210

S oon

3,920

S

oon

3,140

3,790

4,000

Aug.

4,090

3,760

2,680 

2,460

2 640

2,360

2,710

2 7Qft

2,790

2,730

2 74rt

2 540

2 7nfi

2,680

2 7nn

2,630

2

ef\q

O APif\

2,380

2,230

2,430

2

OP;n

2,150

2,150

2,190

2,210

2,220

1 QQA

2,070 

2,080

2,100

Sept.

1,980

2 030

1*880 

1,970

2,120

2 14TI

2,220 

2,070

1,710

1 830

1 740

2*,420

1,800

2,100 

2,120

1,930 

2,170

2,530

2 7nn

2 640

2,650 9 con

2,280

2 f;on

2 7fifl

2,480

2,380

2,510

2,350 

2,120
70 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis. } for the year ending Sept.

30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 5,930 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,710 

3,730 

3,040 

2,150 

2,090 

5,220 

17,700 

8,780 

4,070 

5,820 

4,090 

2,760

17,700

Minimum.

2,350 

1,140 

1,220 

1,120 

1,360 

1,350 

6,600 

2,440 

2,480 

2,380 

1,990 

1,710

1,120

Mean.

2,970 

2,360 

1,870 

1,680 

1,670 

2,110 

9,730 

4,720 

3,540 

3,580 

2,530 

2,230

3,250

Per

square 

mile.

0.501 

.398 

.315 

.283 

.282 

.356 

1.64 

.796 

.597 

.604 

.427 

.376

.548

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.58 

.44 

.36 

.33 

.29 

.41 

1.83 

.92 

.67 

.70 

.49 

.42

7.44

NOTE. Monthly and yearly discharge computed by engineers of the U. S. Geological Survey from records 

of daily discharge furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.

NAMAKAGON RIVER AT TREGO, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 40 N., R. 12 W., at Chicago & Northwestern Railway bridge 

at Trego, Washburn County, about 20 miles above confluence of Namakagon and 

Totogatic rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 420 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of ,1911; scale: 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 11, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Enameled staff fastened to retaining wall, left bank of river, just above railroad bridge; read by G. E. Krenz.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from lower chords of railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel; free from vegetation. 

Banks medium high and not subject to overflow. Small island downstream, 

with rapids on either side, forms the control; channel fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.3 feet April 4 

(discharge, 803 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated, 235 second-feet 

December 19.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 3.0 feet April 23, 1916 (discharge, 1,330 

second-feet); minimum discharge estimated, 235 second-feet December 19,1916.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except for ice effect. Rating curve 

well defined between 330 and 1,330 second-feet; extended below 330 second-feet 

by estimation. Gage read to half-tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying daily gage height to rating table except for period in which stagedischarge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to 

rating table daily gage heights corrected for ice effect by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good; 

winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

Feb.3o. .....................

Gage

Feet. 

2.21

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-/t.

973

334

Date.

Aug.17... ....................

&.

Feet. 

2.83

1.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

327

398

Complete ice cover at control section.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 71

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

l. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

10

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

94

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

564

332

ocn

369

532

564

502

479

369

472

472

472

<BV>

472

A 79

479*

632

*M9

coo

Kfy>

532

502

393

417

502

472

472

472

417

393

Nov.

475

444

472

479

472

393

393

479

479

417

393

369

369

350

330

350

370

395

417

474

532 fins

472

4O9

332

362

393

462

532

502

Dec.

472

472

479

458

444

430

417

430

444

388

332

310

290

97ft

260

250

94"?

240 931;

240

245

245

250

9^n

255

255

300 inn

310

290

280

Jan.

280

280

9Qft

300

290

290

280

97n

290

310

310

3nn

290

280

270

260

280

300

300

300

280

260

260

255

280

310

280

260

290

310

300

Feb.

300

320

oon

320

300

4QA

290

OQA

290

300

300

280

270

oan

9Qft

280

280

270

260

260

270

280

290

9Qfi

280

290

300 inn

Mar.

280

290

305

wtn

295

300

300

DOR

320

315

310

310

305 13ft

350

340

330

340

OCA

sift

330

340

350

360

370

395

417

430

444

488

532

Apr.

488

444

624

SfM

786

768

786

QftO

768

733

750

768

682

KQ7

597

597

648

698

7<M

768

786

803

768

733

716

698

698

698

716

733

May.

>7e&

733

AOQ

664

698

ivt

fioa

664

614

564

UK

532

532

532

COO

502

502

472

479

472

472

472

472

472

472

444

444

393

417

472

502

June.

479

502

KfW)

532

EQO

502

5fi4

597

564

502

502

479

472

479

472

472

472

417

ZSV)

502

532

502

532

532

532

597

532

5fi4

532

502

July.

479

444

479

479

472

532

597

532

472

532

564

>W7

597

564

502

472

502

444

444

472

564

532

564

472

472

417

417

444

417

393

IRQ

Aug.

393

1<M

369

3AQ

OAQ

369

393

472

444

417

9.Q1

3(M

417

QCQ

9Xrt

3fiQ

369

369

332

IRQ

393

369

369

393

320

320

369

393

369

393

Sept.

350

332

OOA

^fiQ

417

^*ft

350

332

3<M

IfiQ

350

qoo

3fiO

369

OCA

332

332

320

332

332

332

320

320

320

332

332

350

350

332

332

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 14-18 and Dec. 12 to Mar. 26. Gage read every 

other day Nov. 20 to May 11; discharge for intervening days estimated.

Monthly discharge of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 420 square miles.]

, Month.

February ... . . .......

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

564 

532 

472 

310 

330 

532 

803 

733 

597 

597 

472 

417

803

Mfaimnm.

332 

330 

235 

255 

260 

280 

444 

393 

417 

369 

320 

320

235

Mean.

469 

426 

325 

286 

289 

348 

706 

646 

513 

491 

384 

344

428

Per 

square 

mile.

1.12 

1.01 

.774 

.681 

.688 

.829 

1.68 

1.30 

1.22 

1.17 

.914 

.819

1.02

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.29 

1.13 

.89 

.79 

.72 

.96 

1.87 

1.50 

1.36 

1.35 

1.05 

.91

13.82

KETTLE RIVER, NEAR SANDSTONE, MINN.

LOCATION. Near south line of sec. 34, T. 43 N., R. 20 W., at quarries of Barber

Asphalt Co. at Banning, 3 miles above Sandstone, Pine County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 825 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 18, 1908, to December 7, 1916, when station was

discontinued. 

GAGE. Vertical staff in two sections, bolted to rock wall on right bank of river, about

300 feet above the steam power house of the Barber Asphalt Co.; read by F. L.

Betts. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge about a mile above gage.
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1908-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 7.7 feet, April 

24, 1916 (discharge, 10,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.7 foot, 

November 30, 1912 (discharge about 12 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; not, however, for so long a 

period as at most gaging stations in the same latitude, owing to the fact that a 

decided rapids about 50 feet below the gage constitutes the control. The published records of winter discharge to which the open-channel rating curve is not 

applicable, have been based on gage readings and a comparison of the records 

with those for Snake River.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Bating 

curve well defined from 52 to 5,940 second-feet; above 5,940 second-feet it is an 

extension. Gage read daily to quarter-tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage height to rating table. Records good.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for the period

Oct. 1 to Dec. 7, 1917.

Day.

1.. ..........

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

Oct.

201

201

185

183

186

173

173

160

173

Nov.

250

ooo

233

OQQ

OOO

233

216

216

216

201

Dec.

173

186

186

186

186

186

186

Day.

12............

1^

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

Oct.

186

186

201

201

201

201

,216

216

250

216

Nov.

,181

186

173

173

160

148

136

124

124

112

Dec. Day.

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Oct.

216

216

201

201

201

216

233

233

233

250

250

Nov.

112

124

136

136

136

136

148

148

160

173

Dec.

Monthly discharge of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn.,for the period Oct. 1, to Dec.

7, 1916.

[Drainage area, 825 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-foet.

Maximum.

250 

250 

186

Minimum.

160 

112 

173

Mean.

204 

173 

184

Per

square 

mile.

0.247 

.210 

.223

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.29

.23 

.06

SNAKE RIVER NEAR PINE CITY, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 26 T. 39 N., R. 21 W., at Changwatana power station of Eastern 

Minnesota Power Co., 600 feet below dam belonging to that company, 3,500 feet 

below Cross Lake, 2 miles below Pine City, and about 11 miles above the mouth, in 

Pine County. *

DRAINAGE AREA. 915 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 26, 1913, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Staff gage attached to stone retaining wall in front of the power plant on the 

left bank of the river; read by E. W. Barnum, and other employees of the Eastern 

Minnesota Power Co. This gage is used for determining the flow over the dam 

. during periods when all of the flow does not pass through the turbines.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from bridge about 1,800 feet above 

the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream rock and heavy gravel; banks in vicinity of 

gage high and not likely to be overflowed. Zero flow at stage 0.2 foot.

DETERMINATION OF FLOW. Flow determined by adding to the flow through the turbines the flow over the crest of the dam as obtained from readings of the staff gage. 

The flow through the turbines is computed from hourly records of the gate openings and head.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI KIVEK BASIN. 73

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge, 4,580 second-feet, April 6; 

minimum daily discharge, 59 second-feet, January 28 and March 4.

1913-1917: Maximum discharge 7,315 second-feet, April 25, 1916; minimum 

discharge 33 second-feet, February 11, 1914.

WINTER PLOW. All water goes through the wheels in winter; flow estimated from 

gate openings and head.

REGULATION. Power plant at the station is operated with a varying load for light and 

power, causing daily and weekly fluctuations in discharge at low stages. No 

appreciable regulation above plant.

ACCURACY. When the flow is about 200 second-feet or less, the greater part of it 

passes through the power pknt and is estimated from turbine gate openings and 

head on the wheels, an hourly record of which is kept at the plant. The results 

of this determination can be considered only fair. As the volume of flow increases 

a larger portion passes by the plant as waste, at very high stages by far the greater 

part of the discharge is waste; this part of the discharge is determined from gage 

heights read from a gage in the river opposite the power plant. Stage-discharge 

relation for river gage permanent. Eating curve well defined throughout. Gage 

read to hundredths every four hours. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

each gage height to the rating table, and taking the mean of the six determinations 

of discharge. Records of total flow at the station range from fair for low stages to 

excellent for high stages.

COOPERATION. The hourly records of gate openings of the turbines and head, and 

reading of the river gage are furnished by the Eastern Minnesota Power Co. 

Records for last part of current year computed by the employees of the company 

by use of rating curves prepared by the engineers of the Survey.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Snake River near Pine City, Minn,,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

,203

279

286

273

291

273

243

181

258

260

254

250

247

246

125

226

243

231

245

242

243

216

234

235

243

224

227

231

133

229

268

Nov.

264

258

2C2

267

234

248

260

251

249

241

245

132

212

239

235

229

169

13S

99

132

143

144

144

146

143

97

131

138

139

105

Doc.

128

138

94

137

139

136

139

139

140

99

126

135

137

129

127

128

100

116

118

115

104

102

100

87

Q7

99

96

97

96

95

73

Jan.

81

81

81

81

81

82

73

83

79

7Q

76

76

76

70

76

76

77

75

74

fiO

64

70

70

70

71

71

71

59

71

71

71

Feb.

71

71

69

64

67

69

69

69

70

69

60

70

70

70

71

71

72

62

73

73

73

73

75

72

64

76

76

75

Mar.

75

76

74

59

77

76

77

78

78

78

64

83

77

76

78

78

79

70

83

79

81

79

89

96

76

96

109

117

133

198

388

Apr.

547

1,120

1,860

2,700

3,920

4,580

4,440

4,190

3,770

3,330

2,910

2,520

2,240

1,940

1,690

1,490

1,250

1,220

1,100

1,080

i,120

1,180

1,340

1,410

1,450

1,480

1,400

1,300

1,260

1,230

May.

1,230

1,460

1,170

1,160

1,070

1,050

968

922

799

750

686

587

533

545

471

449

398

351

412

309

364

360

359

364

304

254

137

241

247

160

274

June.

293

306

199

270

284

287

290

288

262

175

257

303

291

283

260

234

115

188

212

212

202

184

195

114

200

202

190

178

168

173

Tnly.

93

174

176

96

211

335

253

100

271

358

370

395

382

360

297

339

20S

225

207

232

231

163

251

242

240

215

191

200

111

186

185

Aug.

162

137

133

159

115

144

172

167

152

142

163

123

194

167

157

157

160

155

121

142

145

139

147

131

113

133

125

119

108

101

Sept.

76

86

76

78

82

08

96

77

98

96

82

105

121

124

85

138

139

138

138

138

138

113

130

127

120

120

118

117

101
* SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, lOll, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Snake River near Pine City, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917, 

[Drainage area, 915 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July................................. ........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

291 

267 

140 

83 

76 

388 

4,580 

1,460 

306 

395 

194 

139

4.580

Minimum.

125 

97 

73 

59 

60 

59 

547 

137 

114 

93 

101 

76

59

Mean.

237 

190 

115 

74.3 

70.1 

96.0 

2,010 

593 

227 

237 

142 

109

343

Per

square 

mile.

0.259

.208 

.126 

.081 

.077 

.105 

2.23 

.648 

.248 

.259 

.155 

.119

.376

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.30 

.23 

.15 

.09 

.08 

.12 

2.49 

.75 

.28 

.30 

.18 

.13

5.10

APPLE RIVER NEAR SOMERSET, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 31 N., R. 19 W., St. Croix County, at power plant of St. 

Croix Power Co., 3J miles below Somerset and 2 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 550 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale: 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1901, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage; readings not used in determination of flow.

DISCHARGE. The discharge of the turbines in second-feet corresponding to the number 

of kilowatts is determined for each hour during the day from a record of the number 

of wheels in operation and the load; the sum of the discharge divided by 24 gives 

the average discharge through the turbines. To this quantity is added the leakage through the average number of wheels idle each day, the sum giving the daily 

flow through the power house. Water is seldom wasted over the, spillway of the 

dam, but when it is so wasted the quantity is computed from weir formulas and 

added to the flow through the plant. There is a constant leakage through the 

gate and flashboards amounting to 3 second-feet. This quantity has not been 

taken into consideration in computing the published records.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year, 966 second-feet, 

April 6; minimum daily discharge, 62 second-feet October 26.

1904-1917: Maximum daily discharge, 2,280 second-feet in June, 1905; minimum 

daily discharge, 38 second-feet May 10,1910. Minimum discharge caused by 

regulation. Records of maximum and minimum discharge, 1901-1903, not 

available.

REGULATION. There are a number of power plants on Apple River above the station. 

The pondage of these plants is small, and though the daily flow may be controlled to some extent the mean monthly flow probably corresponds closely to 

the natural flow.

ACCURACY. In June, 1914, a series of current-meter measurements were made by the 

Wisconsin Railroad Commission and United States Geological Survey, and a rating 

curve for the tailrace was developed. Twelve tests were then run with different 

wheels and loads. It was found that the discharge as determined by the current 

meter and the discharge as computed by the company agreed very closely, the 

percentage difference for the 12 tests ranging from 6.4 per cent to +1.8 per cent, 

with an average of 2.0 per cent; the discharge as determined by the company 

being 2 per cent less than that determined by the current meter.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by the St. Paul Gas Light Co., of St. Paul, Minn., 

F. L. Cross, general manager.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Apple River near Somerset, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

16.. ............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.. .......... ..

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

136

234

211

303

278

238

252

245

235

265

254

290

306

296

136

232

237

186

265

274

265

62

291

215

249

276

250

315

68

301

247

Nov.

216

265

278

231

81

292

214

265

296

275

266

188

255

264

255

228

265

247

195

268

278

274

296

247

273

151

250

319

153

Dec.

'234 292

216

294

329

277

275

278

319

138

223

185

215

153

233

206

263

242

230

264

245

243

275

171

203

272

224

237

209

242

234

Jan.

,195

258

259

265

275

256

134

261

215

201

202

194

235

155

212

204

235

251

253

233

205

213

220

230

257

252

223

216

237

218

202

Feb.

211

219

200

201

269

277

161

229

245

197

221

249

252

246

257

262

146

252

254

247

159

264

226

192

257

223

244

Mar.

262

230

253

172

267

264

252

246

271

298

254

281

284

283

290

293

272

190

292

304

295

300

317

579

437

397

471

E34

599

575

736

Apr.

741

910

893

913

944

966

896

885

865

831

799

759

629

578

631

679

519

348

506

652

658

462

338

489

555

625

431

367

472

691

May.

547

510

487

459

388

222

343

459

470

377

352

302

311

379

349

291

312

291

266

169

279

263

204

209

277

282

163

256

300

217

326

June.

351

524

492

519

479

398

333

301

365

401

418

365

312

289

296

303

169

236

306

297

344

258

341

237

299

456

373

367

295

339

July.

339

324

273

280

300

314

350

192

320

319

321

311

293

279

255

307

306

280

312

314

359

240

316

290

276

296

232

269

128

274

313

Aug.

261

259

187

247

138

181

217

169

204

166

262

150

220

241

194

2fl4

211

260

136

200

195

205

206

202

227

213

286

2S3

204

106

196

Sept.

229

127

175

181

166

202

168

200

186

169

126

222

162

214

245

121

193

182

188

184

290

252

151

206

236

210

197

210

256

147

NOTE . See note under " Discharge " in station description for account of method by which these records 

were obtained.

Monthly discharge of Apple River near Somerset, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1917 

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

December .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

315 

363 

329 

275 

277 

736 

966 

-547 

524 

359 

286 

290

966

Minimum.

62 

81 

138 

134 

146 

172 

338 

163 

169 

128 

106 

121

62

Mean.

239 

248 

239 

225 

228 

339 

668 

325 

348 

290 

206 

193

296

Per

square 

mile.

0.435 

..451

.435 

.409 

.415 

.616 

1.21 

.591 

.633 

.527 

.375 

.351

.538

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.50 

.50

.50 

.47 

.43 

.71 

1.35 

.68 

.71 

.61 

.43 

.39

7.28
76 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

KINITIKHTITIC RIVER NEAR RIVER FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 18, T. 27 N., B. 19 W., at Clifton Hollow Bridge, a quarter of a 

mile downstream from dam of Clifton Falls Power Co., 2 miles above mouth of 

river and 7 miles downstream from Biver Falls, Pierce County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 170 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale: 1 inch=6 miles).

BECORDS AVAILABLE. October 23, 1916, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Gurley graph water-stage recorder, in a woo'den well fastened to downstream 

side of right-hand cushing bridge pier.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rather heavy gravel and sand; control 

is head of small rapids 150 feet below the gage. High water will wash out and 

fill in this control section, causing small changes.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.66 feet 4.30 

p. m. March 27 (discharge, about 1,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

1.7 feet (discharge, about 15 second-feet), occurred several times following complete shutdown. The maximum is about the natural maximum; minimum 

caused by regulation at the power house.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected to some extent by ice.

BEGULATION. The daily flow is regulated almost completely by the Clifton power 

dam just above the station. There are three dams in Biver Falls which may 

also have some effect on the daily flow. The storage at these dams is, however, 

relatively small, and the monthly flow is considered to be nearly the normal flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Three rating curves used as 

follows: October 22 to March 25, well defined between 0 and 120 second-feet; 

March 26 to July 18, fairly well defined between 1,5 and 400 second-feet, extended 

and subject to error above and below these limits; July 19 to September 30,1917, 

poorly defined throughout. Continuous gage record obtained by recording gage, 

except during a portion of January and February, when gage well was frozen. 

Daily discharge ascertained by means of discharge integrator, except during 

last part of January and February, when it was estimated. Open-water records 

good, except those for high water, which are fair; winter records subject to some 

error.

Discharge measurements of Kinnikinnic River near River Falls, Wis., during the years 

ending Sept. SO, 1916 and 1917.

Date.

1916. 

Sept. 21

1916-17.

Oct. 18

22

Jan. 16

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt... .........

R. B.J3Igore. .........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Ga?e 

height.

Feet. 

2.39

2.44

1.88

2.40

2.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

70

68

15

67

84

Date.

1916-17. 

Feb. 15

4

4

Aug. 9 

9

Made by 

R. B. Kolgore. .........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do. ..............

&,

Feet. 

2.53

2.36

3.38

1.90

1.89

1.82 

3.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

86

78

344

22

20

18 

358
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 77

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kinnikinnie River near River Falls, Wis.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

1

2...

03,..

5

6

7

8

9

10...

11

1?

13

14

15. . .

16

17

18...

19

7ft .

ttm

23

?4

25,, . .

?fi

27

28

9fl

30

31

r

Day. Oct.

61

63

85

54

56

56

55

95

Nov.

61

62

61721

54

92

70

59

80

57

86

39

72

40

53

62

71

64

48

69

57

59

77

60

62

47

73

57

62

48

Dec.

57

81

35

79

54

54

78

47

56

49

83

63

61

53

60

74

60

80

102

74

79

77

84

75

65

124

82

76

87

88

Jan.

80

104

102

97

94

82

33

54

57

51

53

61

60

53

72

73

71

71

70

65

78

69

68

65

69

66

65

65

65

65

65

Feb.

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

67

67

89

60

60

fiA

60

60

60

60

in

62

63

64

Mar.

53

45

51

66

67

82

112

76

75

96

64

78

86

66

68

82

71

62

96

82

64

.103

58

128

375

908

1,300

1,110

1,030

920

Apr.

331

195

126

132

106

104

89

66

82

. 74

76

65

60

69

60

79

72

62

68

68

76

64

72

75

76

74

62

74

63

80

May.

67

65

66

64

69

44

79

74

55

68

63

73

46

59

66

58

60

63

78

84

58

84

59

61

53

95

61

73

104

108

84

June.

85

73

76

156

117

97

78

78

82

86

83

88

49

102

96

64

108

160

54

94

61

78

89

210

361

232

132

114

126

48

July.

50

108

76

72

133

124

93

96

160

112

167

138

84

92

73

140

107

90

85

78

66

78

78

76

74

74

74

69

83

68

62

Aug.

89

62

56

74

57

58

79

72

63

52

80

80

66

66

72

58

60

57

44

81

67

72

63

56

65

58

68

70

64

67

70

Sept.

60

81

49

74

91

74

68

79

76

74

56

74

79

88

73

76

80

76

83

87

74

62

46

86

62

78

80

75

75

70

NOTE. Gage wellfrozen Jan. 27 to Feb. 28; discharge estimated. Discharge determined from gage-height 

record for less than the 24-hour period, Oct. 28, 29, Nov. 15-17, Dec. 23-24, 30, 31, Jan. 6, 7, 13, 14, 21-26, 

June 9, and Sept. 28-29.

Monthly discharge of Kinnikinnie River near River Falls, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 170 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September .....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

92 

124 

104

1,300 

331 

108 

361 

167 

89 

91

Minimum.

39 

35 

33

45 

60 

44 

48 

50 

44 

46

Mean.

65.1 

62.5 

72.9 

69.1 

63.6 

271 

90.0 

69.1 

109 

92.9 

66.2 

73.5

Per

square 

mile.

0.383 

.368 

.429 

.406 

.374 

1.59 

.529 

.406 

.641 

.546 

.389 

.432

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.13 

.41 

.49 

.47 

.39 

1.83 

.59 

.47 

.72 

.63 

.45 

.48
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191*7, PART V.

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT BISHOP'S BRIDGE, TTEAB. WHSTTEB, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 23, T. 39 N., R. 6 W., at highway bridge 3 miles downstream 

from East Fork of CMppewa River (coming in from the left) and 4 miles by road 

northwest of Winter, Sawyer County.

DRAINAGE AREA.775 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 23, 1912, to September 30,, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to highway bridge used since May 23, 1916; read by 

John Edburg. Gages previously used as follows: February 23, 1912, to January 

27, 1914, a wooden staff gage fastened to a wooden pier on right bank just above 

bridge; datum 3.44 feet above that for chain gage; January 27, 1914, to May 28, 

1916, a vertical cast-iron staff gage fastened to same pier; datum same as for chain

gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel; free from vegetation and not 

subject to shift. Control is at head of rapids about 1,000 feet below gage; practically permanent. One channel at all stages. Banks not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.23 feet at 9 a. m. 

April 22 (discharge, 3,020 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated at 175 

second-feet February 17.

1913-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 9.56 feet April 22, 1916 (discharge, 

6,940 second-feet); minimum discharge (estimated) February 17, 1917.

REGULATION. Flow modified to some extent by operation of storage reservoir in sec. 

14, T. 41 N., R. 6 W., about 16 miles above station. Reservoir has a capacity 

of 550,000,000 cubic feet and is used in connection with reservoirs on upper 

Flambeau River for regulating flow of CMppewa River.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as effected by ice during 

winter period and by logs during a portion of April and May. Rating curve well 

defined between 270 and 6,820 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, 

except for period in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for wMch 

it was obtained by applying to the rating table daily gage height corrected for 

ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records; discharge for periods of April and May, when logs were present, interpolated. Open-water records excellent except those for April and May which 

are fair; winter records good.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near Winter, Wis., during 

the year ending Sept. 80, 1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

Oct. 24........................

&t.

Feet. 

5.36

5.36

5.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

883

OP.Q

911

Date. 3B.

Feet. 

6.01

4.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

233

309

Complete ice cover.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASIN. 79

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near Winter, Wis.,for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22... ...........

23..............

24..............

26...

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31........... ..

Oct.

750

710

675

610

580

555

530

505

555

555

530

530

675

790

ft7ft

i iwi

1,100

1,150

1,100

1,100

1,000

1.000

915

830

830

790

70ft

750

710

710

710

Nov.

710

675

675

640

fun

640

675

710

710

750

750

750

750

790

750

75.0

640

580

555

530

505

480

405

405

405

A(\K

430

430

455

Dec.

' 405

530

405

405.

405

505

405 Ann

322

285

270

255 9i?i?

240

240

240

240

240

240

9H1

285

340

360

380

380

380

380

360

340

340

Jan.

340

320

305

285

270

260

255

255

255

250

240

240

240

225

91 fl

Olft

210

210

oi n

220

991

230

240

240

240

230

225

225

225

230

240

Feb.

230

225

210

210

210

210

210

91 n

210

210

200

195

190

180

ion

195

175

1QK

210

210

225

09 e

210

210

225

olft

225

Mar.

210

210

210

210

210

205

215

225

230

240

255

265

265

320

330

350

380

OQO

430

435

435

440

485

485

AQK

510

530

535

565

590

580

Apr.

590

630

635

690

675

680

675

800

830

830

915

1,000

1,050

1,100

1,150

1,250

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,960

2,520

2,980

2,840

2 7Hft

2,840

2,700

2

AA(\

2,180

2,240

2,310

May.

2,440

2,540

2,640

2,740

2,840

2,700

2,270

1,830

1,400

1,350

1,400

1,290

i ion

1,080

975

870

870

1,050

1,150

1,100

1,050

1,050

1 000

QAA

915

830

7on

580

<UV1

530

79Q

June.

Oil

1 IW>

1,000

1,100

1,400

1,520

1,740

1,620

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,400

1,200

1,100

1,000

915

790

710

710

7Qn

750

7CA

870

1,C50

1,200

1,400

1,300

1,350

1,350

1,350

July.

1,200

1,000

915

915

con

1,150

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,350

1,350

1,300

1,100

960

8.7*1

7Qft

675

610

eon

640

A7K

675

610

555

530

505*

480

430

405

380

380

Aug.

360

340

900

322

QOO

qoo

322

340

340

360

360

360

340

322

304

304

304

304

304

287

007

97ft

287

287

287

304

287

304

322

322

Sept.

 MA

QOO

*3C\M

304

i(U

304

304

304

Of\A

304

340

360

430

430

430

430

455

480

480

iK.fl:

3Sft

360

360

360

360

360

380

380

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 25-28 and Dec. 10 to Apr. 9; discharge interpolated, 

because of logs on control, Apr. 11,18, 20, 21, 23, 29, May 2-4, 7, 8, and 12-15.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near Winter, Wis.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 775 square miles.]

Month.

January

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,150

790 

530 

340 

230 

590 

2,980 

2,840 

1,740 

1,400 

360 

480

2,980

Minimum.

505 

405 

240 

210 

175 

205 

590 

304 

710 

380 

270 

304-

175

Mean.

771 

607 

333 

244 

208 

362 

1,500 

1,370 

1,160 

841 

316 

369

675

Per 

square 

mile.

0.995 

.783 

.430 

.315 

.268 

.467 

1.94 

1.77 

1.50 

1.09 

.408 

.476

.871

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.15 

.87 

.50 

.36 

.28 

.54 

2.16 

2.04 

1.67 

1.26 

.47 

.53

11.83
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAKT V.

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR BRUCE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 4, T. 35 N., E. 7 W., at Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway bridge 1 mile east of Brace, Rush County. Thornapple River enters 

from the left immediately above the station, and Flambeau River from the left 

about 21 miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 31, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to downstream side of Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault 

Ste. Marie Railway bridge; read by II..C. Gardner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and small gravel; free from vegetation; first and second channels from the west fairly permanent; third channel 

nearest east bank has a tendency to fill during low stages with sand worked in by 

Thornapple River. Flow except during extreme high stages is confined within 

the banks.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.05 feet April 21 

(discharge, 7,060 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 310 second-feet 

during January and February.

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded: 12.3 feet at 5.45 p. m., April 22, 1916 

(discharge 13,400 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 310 second-feet during 

January and February, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow modified to some extent by reservoir on the West Fork of Chippewa River, in sec. 14, T. 41 N., R. 6 W. Reservoir has a capacity of 550,000,000 

cubic feet, and is used in connection with reservoirs on upper Flambeau River 

for the purpose of regulating the flow of Chippewa River. No diurnal fluctuation 

is observed.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice during winter 

periods and changes caused by shifting control during periods of low water. Rating curves poorly defined. Gage read to quarter tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except 

for the period in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which 

periods it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records fair; winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River near Bntce, Wit., during the year ending Sept.

Date.

Oct. 26

Made by 

E. L. Williams. ...---..

R. B. Kilgore..........

&.

Feet. 

2.76

3.06

3.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,310

426

392

Date.

Mar. 12<*

Mo-rT 1 A

Made by 

R. B. Kilgore..........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.68

3.40

1.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

408

1 '313 800

Complete ice cover.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 81

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10 .........

11..............

12..............

13

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20.-... . . .

21..............

22..............

23..............

24........:.....

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,230

1 14/1

1,050

1,010

Q7ft

890

890

850

850

890

890

QQrt

970

1,230

1,320

1,420

1,720

1 720

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,520

1,520

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,230

1,230

i I4n

1,140

Nov.

I un

I

idrt

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,010

1,010

1

OOA

1,520

1,720

1,520

1,520

1,320

690

615

1,520

1,420

1,320

1 93A

I

oqn

1 14fl

1,050

1,050 Q7n

Q7n

Q7C1

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

Dec.

1,050

1,050

Q7n

son

Ron

890

930

890

850

810

810

770

730 fion

650

615

580

580

545

510

475 4 an

440

440 ddn

475

510

580

615

650

650

Jan.

650

615

580

545

510

510

475

440

425

410

400

390

380

Q7A

365

360

355

OCA

340

QQrt

320

310

310

310

310

310

310

310

310

310

310

Feb.

310

310

310

340

Q7ft

390

405

390

370

370

370

17rt

370

355

340

355

370

355 Q<m

OCE

370 Qon

405

QQA

370

370

370

ORE

Mar.

340

360 ion

390

OCR

<t8ft

370

405

440

420

405

405

405

AKf\

495

520

545

600

CCA

fion

730

7KA

770

7Qft

Gin

830

fittf

ft7ft

QQA

Q^H

1,010

Apr.

1,040

1 440

l'830

2' rifirt

S

oon

2 970

3' 980

3 QQA

3,870

3,900

4 840

5' 200

4,300

4,000

3,400

3,100

3,100

3,400

4 400

5^680

7 000

6^760

5,800

4 840

4^300

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,100

4,600

May.

d 5un

4,600

4,300

3

QAA

3

RAA

3,300

3,100

3,000

2,600

2,600

2 onn

2

OAA

2,100

2

Ofa\

i om

1 Ron

1 800

l'700

1,800

1 800

i oon

1,800

1,500

1,600

1,500

1,100

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,060

2,200

June.

3,400

3,100

2 finn

o EnA

2 fifth

 > onn

4,200

4,200

4,000

3,000

2 600

2' 4nn

2 q(y\

2 (Wi

1,700

1,500

1,400

1,200

1,100

CQA

i tnn

1 400 'son

sin

i oflft

2,100

2,100

1,700

S ftftfi

1,800

July.

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1

OAA

I

QAft

3,100

3,200

2,800

2,400

2 3W

2,200

2,100

1,800

1,600

1 400 ijioo

1.100

890

1,060

1,500

1,300

1,200

1,200

nan

930

610

QQA

otn

610

610

Aug.

575 fitm

430 iin

510

405

510 iin

480

610

510

690

610

540

326

575

310

480

480

455

430

430

430

AKK

282

650

326

455

QOA

370

480

Sept.

430

380

480

380

540

380 Ran

326

575

455

405

430

455

510

610

340

610

610

455

540

un

510

480

flirt

510

350

575

510

510

510

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 16 to Dec. 1 and Dec. 9 to April 10. 

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,600 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July. ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

MaTrimriTn.

1,720 

1,720 

1,050 

650 

405 

1,010 

7,000 

4,840 

4,200 

3,200 

690 

810

7,000

Mi-niTmim.

850 

615 

440 

310 

310 

340 

1,040 

1,020 

690 

610 

282 

326

282

Mean.

1.230 

1.160 

691 

394 

363 

590 

3,940 

2,280 

2,180 

1,510 

482 

492

1,280

Per 

square 

mile.

0.769 

.725 

.432 

.246 

.227 

.369 

2.46 

,1.42 

1.36 

.944 

.301 

.308

.800

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.89 

.81 

.50 

.28 

.24 

.43 

2.74 

1.64 

1.52 

1.09 

.35 

.34

10.83

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In SE. J sec. 6, T. 28 N., E. 8 W.,at highway bridge at Chippewa Falls, 

Chippewa County, 2,500 feet below mouth of Duncan Creek, coming in from 

the right.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 5,600 square miles. 

967198 19 WSP 455 6
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 22,1888, to September 30,1917. The gage was originally 

established by the Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co., which has kept a continuous 

record since 1889. Since 1904 the United States Weather Bureau has obtained 

gage readings during the flood season of each year. On June 1, 1906, the United 

States Geological Survey began making discharge measurements and maintaining gage readings.

GAGE. On July 27, 1916, a Gurley graph water-stage recorder replaced Friez waterstage recorder which was installed January, 1914, on web between cushing piers 

supporting first right-hand span and about 10 feet upstream from the gage formerly 

used by United States Weather Bureau; gage referred to the original datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel; fairly permanent; both banks high and 

are rarely overflowed.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.32 feet at 12 a. m., 

April 23 (discharge 24,900 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 40 secondfeet February 4; on this date all gates and other openings in the Wissota plant 

of the Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power Co. were closed, the discharge of 

40 second-feet being the inflow between the dam and the station.

1888-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 26.03 feet December 6,1896. September 

10, 1884, a stage of 26.94 feet was reached; discharge not estimated. Minimum 

discharge recorded February 4, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. From October to January 15 little fluctuation was caused by the operation of power plant about half a mile above gage. Considerable fluctuation was, 

however, caused by the operation of larger plants above, notably the plant of 

the Burnett Falls Manufacturing Co., at Cornell, Wis. Beginning about January 

15 operation was started at the Wissota plant of the Wisconsin & Minnesota Light 

& Power Co. The pond was filled during January and February and operation 

of the wheels was begun about February 15. After this date flow during medium and low stage is controlled by this plant.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well 

defined between 530 and 56,200 second-feet; below 530 second-feet poorly defined. 

Operation of water-stage recorder was satisfactory throughout the year. Except 

for periods when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, daily discharge 

October 1 to May 11 ascertained by applying to rating table, mean daily gage 

height obtained by planimeter from gage-height graph; discharge May 12 to 

September 30 obtained with the discharge intergrator. Discharge cUiring periods 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice November 18-24, December 

14 to April 5 ascertained by applying to rating curve mean daily gage height 

corrected for the effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records, and to some extent on computations of flow through 

the Wissota dam. Open-water recerds good; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 191?.

Date.

18o

Feb. 20o

Made by 

Kilgore and Williams . .

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.75

.12

.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,730

393

627

Date.

Mar. 21o

May 17

Aug. 12

Made by 

.....do.................

&>.

Feet. 

0.55

1.32

-.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,020

3,070

656

a Complete ice cover.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIW. 83

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,620

3,400

3,400

3,400

3,190

2,780

2,780

2,780

2,980

2,780

2,780

2 7sn

2 7sn

2,980

3,190

4,310

3,850

3,190

5,020

4,780

4,540

4,310

4,540

4,080

4,080

3,850

4,080

4,080

4,080

4,080

4,310

Nov.

3,850

4,080

4,080

4,080

4,080

3,850

3,850

4,080

4,310

5,790

6,850

6 OCA

6,050

5,020

3,620

3,400

3,190

3,190

3,190

3,190

2,980

2,980

2,980

2,980

2,980

3,190

3,190

2,980

3,400

3,190

Dec.

3,190

3,190

3,190

2,980

3,190

2,980

3,190

2,980

2,980

2 7ftrt

2,780

2 480

2,' 480

2,390

2,390

1,620

1,620

1,050

1,410

1,860

2,030

2,120

2,120

2,120

900

2,030

2,480

2,480

2,480

2,030

860

Jan.

580

450

450

640

3,400

2,030

1,620

820

580

1,940

1,700

1,620

i <un

820

i sfifi

430

395

395

380

380

380

380

365

365

365

365

350

350

335

335

350

Feb.

365

365

365

40

600

395

550

335

335

9Q(1

450

AQ(\

A.QCI

510

2,210

2,390

1,410

1,050

1,580

610

660

3,190

2,430

2,300

2,230

1,890

1,320

1,580

Mar.

2,210

1,830

1,440

1,080

1,400

1 480

1,600

1,580

1,520

1,490

835

1 9 en

1,510

1,700

1,680

1,910

1,930

1,580

1,280

1,320

980

1,370

950

950

745

790

895

895

745

1,010

2,520

Apr.

4,310

5,950

7,150

8,760

10,600

11,800

15,600

14,400

15,000

9,720

12,800

19,000

19,400

16,600

14,000

12,500

14,000

13,100

13,700

16,600

20,400

23,300

21,500

19,000

17,300

14,700

14,700

12,800

15,600

May.

16 300

17', 300

17,300

16,300

14,700

13,100

13,400

12,800

9,720

9 1 JA

8,270

7 300

5^720

6,000

5,230

5,630

4,700

4,580

4,390

5,730

5,400

4,610

4,760

5,320

4,810

3,560

3,910

4,620

3,680

3,320

3,740

June.

5,700

6,830

7,910

7,970

5,870

9,310

9,610

9,920

13,000

11,000

8,670

6,420

4,060

3,650

4,150

2,630

2,390

2,600

2,630

2,710

2,900

2,410

5,500

3,980

4,540

4,690

4,370

8,400

4,630

4,260

July.

5,170

4,570

4,690

3,860

4,880

4,470

6,910

9,840

8,340

6,870

5,820

5,780

4,320

4,800

3,110

3,760

2,880

2,940

3,260

3,380

2,900

4,270

2,400

2,790

2,680

2,310

2,410

2,160

800

3,860

2,860

Aug.

2,800

2,950

3,340

3,300

1,030

2,900

1,790

2,570

2,360

2,250

2,020

o^n

1,340

1,640

1 480

1,710

1,320

1,900

1,290

1,550

1,890

1,740

1,350

1,800

1,750

1,360

1,570

1,870

1,770

1,710

1,650

Sept.

1,700

960

740

1,570

1,600

1,880

1,980

1,620

900

1,200

1,860

1,480

2,010

1,850

1,720

960

1,640

2,070

2,190

2,410

2,150

2,160

1,050

2,190

2,160

2,250

2,190

1,930

1,930

905

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 18-24 and Dec. 14 to Apr. 5.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 5,600 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,020 

6,850 

3,190 

3,400 

3,190 

2,520 

23,300 

17,300 

13,000 

9,840 

3,340 

2,410

23,300

Minimum.

2,780 

2,980 

860 

335 

40 

745 

4,310 

3,320 

2,390 

800 

950 

740

40

Mean.

3,640 

3,920 

2,330 

831 

1,090 

1,370 

14,500 

7,910 

5,760 

4,160 

1,900 

1,710

4,090

Per

square 

mile.

0.650 

.700 

.416 

.148 

.195 

.245 

2.59 

1.41 

1.03 

.743 

.339 

.305

.730

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.75 

.78 

.48 

.17 

.20 

.28 

2.89 

1.63 

1.15 

.86 

.39 

.34

9.92
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

FLAMBEAU RIVER NEAR BUTTERNUT, WIS.

LOCATION. In NW. \ SE. £ sec. 33, T. 41 N., R. 1 E., Ashland County, 6 miles southeast of Butternut and 7 miles upstream from Park Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 660 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage supported by built-up cantilever attached to posts set in the 

right bank of the river, installed May 26, 1916; read by Miss Mathilda Schulz. 

Vertical staff gage at same site and datum was used from July 30, 1914, until 

taken out by ice in spring of 1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable 1,500 feet downstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage composed of mud and rock. Left bank is 

low and subject to overflow; right bank slopes back gradually to high-water mark. 

At the cable site, 1,500 feet below the gage, the bed is rocky and the banks high. 

Control is at head of Schultz Rapids about 200 feet below cable and 1,700 feet 

below gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.02 feet April 

21, and 23 (discharge, 1,400 second-feet), minimum discharge estimated 340 

second-feet February 9.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 9.0 feet, April 22 and 23,1916 (discharge, 

5,430 second-feet); minimum discharge, February 9, 1917.

REGULATION. Storage reservoirs are maintained by the Chippewa & Flambeau 

Improvement Co. on the headwaters of the Flambeau River. Of these reservoirs, 

Rest Lake, in sec. 9, T. 42 N., R. 5 E., with an allowable capacity of approximately 1.5 billion cubic feet, is the largest.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 356 and 3,480 second-feet. Gage read to quartertenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating curve except for periods in which stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table daily gage 

height corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Gage not read on most Sundays part of April to 

July; discharge interpolated. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.J

Date.

29«.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.78

2.63

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

514

389

Date.

Mar. lo.......................

May 12.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.15

3.39

' Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

384

1,070

Complete ice cover.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 85

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., for the yectr

ending Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31............

Oct.

760

716

716

716

673

632

673

632

632

632

632

673

895

940

985

1,080

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,080

1.030

985

run

940

895

895

895

895

895

895

895

Nov.

940

985

1,080

1,120

1,080

895

805

895

985

985

985

940

940

985

449

342

508

673

739

805

850

895

850

828

805

718

632

674

716

738

Dec.

760

782

805

782

760

782

805

805

805

782

760

738

716

715

715

690

675

675

650

630

630

610

590

590

575

575

555

555

555

535

535

Jan.

535

520

520

520

520

520

500

485

475

465

450

430

415

415

420

435

450

445

440

430

420

415

400

385

390

400

395

390

390

395

400

Feb.

385

370

380

390

400

380

355

350

340

355

370

385

370

355

355

355

355

355

355

3£0

365

370

370

370

370

370

385

385

Mar.

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

385

400

<inn

415

430

450

465

485

500

520

555

575

590

630

Apr.

675

695

715

740

760

805

830

850

870

895

940

960

985

1,030

1,080

1,120

1,170

1,220

1,120

1,280

,380

,380

,380

,380

,380

,380

,330

,220

1,220

1,220

May.

1,280

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,300

1,280

1,220

1,220

1,170

1,120

1,080

1,030

985

985

940

895

940

985

962

940

895

850

805

760

760

738

716

716

716

985

June.

1,080

1,170

1,140

1,120

1,170

1,170

1,280

1,330

1,330

1,280

1,220

1,120

1,030

940

895

805

805

805

895

985

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,100

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,120

1,080

1,080

July.

1,060

1,030

940

1,120

1,330

1,120

1,220

1,200

1,170

1,080

985

985

940

895

872

850

760

716

673

673

632

632

632

632

632

632

632

592

592

592

554

Aug.

554

518

554

554

554

554

554

554

554

554

554

554

518

518

554

554

554

554

554

554

554

518

483

449

449

554

554

554

483

449

449

Sept.

432

400

416

416

400

416

449

449

432

400

400

385

416

518

592

554

554

518

483

449

432

416

385

370

356

400

432

449

432

416

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 14 to Apr. 17. No gage-height records, Apr. 22, 

29, May 6,13,20,27, June 3,10,17,24, July 1,8,15,22,29 and Aug. 5; dischage interpolated.

v

Monthly discharge of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 660 square miles.]

Month.

October.. .....................................

December. ....................................

February ......................................

March

April..........................................

May...........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

August.......................................:

September.....................................

The year......... __ ........... __ ..

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,120 

1,120 

805 

535 

400 

630 

1,380 

1,330 

1,330 

1,330 

554 

592

1,380

Minimum.

632 

342 

535 

385 

340 

385 

675 

716 

805 

554 

449 

356

340

Mean.

858 

828 

682 

444 

368 

430 

1,070 

1,020 

1,080 

851 

531 

439

718

Per

square 

mile.

1.30 

1.25 

1.03 

.673 

.558 

.651 

1.62 

1.55 

1.64 

1.29 

.805 

.665

1.09

Bun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.50 

1.40 

1.19 

.78 

.58 

.75 

1.81 

1.79 

1.83 

1.49 

.93 

.74

14.79
86 STJKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

FLAMBEATT RIVER NEAR LADYSMITH, WIS.

LOCATION. In SE. \ sec. 20, T. 35 N., R. 5 W., at H. J. Cornelissen's farm, about

 6 miles by road northeast of Ladysmith, Rusk County, 21 miles below mouth of 

South Fork of Flambeau River, coming in from the left, and 28 miles above 

mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,940 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 2, 1914, to September 30, 1917. From February 15, 

1905, to December 2, 1906, records were collected at a station in the city of Ladysmith, three-fourths of a mile south of the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway station, half a mile below the dam of the Menasha Pulp Co., and about 

6 miles below the present station.

GAGE. Chain, fastened to a cantilever arm supported by two trees on the left bank 

of the river, on the farm of H. J. Cornelissen; read by H. J. Cornelissen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 200 feet below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and sand; free from vegetation 

and fairly permanent. At the gage section, channel is divided by a small sandy 

island; at the cable section the river flows in one channel; banks are medium 

high, wooded, and not subject to overflow. Control not well defined, formed 

by the channel below the gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year when chanel was 

clear of ice and logs 6.6 feet June 7, 8 (discharge 7,880 second-feet); minimum 

discharge, 605 second-feet March 10-17.

1903-1906 and 1914-1917: Maximum discharge recorded, 17,400 second-feet 

April 23, 1916; minimum discharge, 390 second-feet December 4, 1904.

ICE. Large quantities of frazil ice form on the falls and rapids above the station 

and fill the channel for a distance of several miles from the gage to pond of the 

paper company's dam at Ladysmith, seriously affecting the stage-discharge 

relation.

REGULATION. The Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. operates storage reservoirs on Rest Lake and smaller reservoirs on Manitowish and Turtle rivers and 

Bear Creek. Weekly fluctuations at the gage are caused by operation of power 

plants at Park Falls and storage reservoirs; no daily fluctuation has been observed.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by logs and ice. 

Rating curve well denned between 770 and 17,000 second-feet, roughly approximate above and below these limits. Gage read once daily to quarter tenths. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except 

for periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice or logs for which 

discharge was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage heights 

corrected for backwater by means of discharge measurements, observers' notes, 

and weather records. Open-water records excellent except those for April, 

May, and June, when logs were in river, for which they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

Jan. lOo........... ...........

Feb.8«. .....................

Mar. 13 a........

height.

Feet. 

4.94

4.55

4.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

814

616

607

Date.

May 166... ...................

Aug. 16... ....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.53

2.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,980

807

o Complete ice cover. » Logs in channel below gage.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 87

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 80, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,620

1,450

1,500

1,500

1,400

1,450

1,340

1,230

1,280

1,280

1,230

1,230

1,340

1,790

1,910

2,030

2,270

2,390

2,390

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,030

2,030

1,910

1,670

1,910

1,790

1,910

1,910

1,910

'Nov.

1,910

1,910

1,910

1,910

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,910

2,270

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,390

2,330

2,270

2,270

2,210

2,150

2090

2,030

1,910

1,790

1,670

1,670

1,730

1,910

2,030

2,030

2,030

1,970

Dec.

1,910

1,910

1,910

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,670

1,670

1,620

1,560

1,500

1,450

1,400

1,340

1 280

1,230

1,230

1,180

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,070

1,020

1,020

1,020

970

970

925

925

925

<y)K

Jan.

880

880

880

880

835

835

835

835

835

815

790

790

745

745

745

745

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

660

660

660

660

660

660

Feb660

660

660

660

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

Mar.

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

620

605

605

605

605

605

605

605

605

620

620

660

660

700

700

745

835

880

925

1,020

1,070

1,120

1,230

Apr.

1,340

1,450

1,560

1,560

1,670

1,790

1,910

2,030

2,150

2,270

2,390

2,510

2,640

2,770

2,900

3,040

3,180

3,480

4,480

5,400

6,000

6,000

5,400

4,840

4,480

3,800

3,480

3,480

3,640

4,140

May.

4,310

4,480

4.480

3,970

3,800

3,800

3,800

3,040

3,180

2,900

2,900

2,900

2,900

2,510

2,270

1,910

1,910

1,910

1,910

2,270

2,390

2,510

2,360

2,900

2,510

1,790

1,620

1,560

1,450

1,620

1,620

June.

1,910

2,900

3,040

3,180

3,800

5,600

7,880

7,880

6,660

3,640

4,140

3,480

2,900

2,900

2,150

2,150

1,910

1,790

1,790

1,910

2,390

2,150

2,270

2,150

2,640

2,640

4,140

4,480

3,040

2,770

July.

2,510

2,390

2,510

2,390

1,910

2,390

3,180

3,970

3,640

3,180

2,770

2,390

2,510

2, 150

1,910

1,790

1,670

1,560

1,450

1,500

1,500

1,290

1,240

1,240

1,120

1,160

1,120

1,080

1,120

1,120

920

Aug.

920

920

920

920

920

880

1,000

920

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

960

840

840

770

805

920

920

920

920

960

960

960

880

920

920

740

1,200

1,040

920

Sept.

920

805

880

685

920

770

770

805

770

840

685

770

840

840

1,000

1,080

1,160

1,080

1,040

1,000

880

840

770

770

840

805

920

1,000

1,040

1,000

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Nov. 14 to Apr. 17; by logs May 5-25 and June 28.

Monthly discharge of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,940 square miles.]

Mouth.

October. ......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,390

2,640 

1.910 

880 

660 

1,230 

6,000 

4,480 

7,880 

3,970 

1,200 

1,160

7,880

Minimum.

1,230 

1,670 

925 

660 

620 

605 

1,340 

1,450 

1,790 

920 

740 

685

605

Mean.

1,750 

2,050 

1,330 

753 

626 

716 

3,190 

2,690 

3,340 

1,960 

929 

884

1,690

Per 

square 

mile.

0.902 

1.06 

.686 

.388 

.323 

.369 

1.64 

1.39 

1.72 

1.01 

.479 

.456

.871

Run-off ' 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.04 

1.18 

.79 

.45 

.34 

.43 

1.83 

1.60 

1.92 

1.16 

.55 

.51

11.80

JUMP RIVER AT SHELDON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 33, N., R. 5 W. } at highway bridge in Sheldon, Rusk County,

11 miles above confluence of Jump and Chippewa rivers. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 510 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 22,1915, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to downstream handrail of bridge. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel, clean, and free from vegetation. Eight 

bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank may be overflowed occasionally.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during . year, 6.89 feet at 8 

a. m. April 22 (discharge, 4,020 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 20 

second-feet, January and February.

1915-1917: Maximum discharge 8,600 second-feet April 22, 1916; minimum 

discharge about 18 second-feet January 20, 1916.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Kating 

curve well defined between 45 and 5,930 second-feet. Gage read to quarter tenths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table except for period in which stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height 

corrected for ice effect by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

1911. 

Jan. 9a.. ......... .... ........

Feb. 9»... .....'.... ...........

 ».

Feet. 

3.46

3.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

36

Date.

1912. 

Mar. 14o......... .............

May 15. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.65

3.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

35

354

o Complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

Day.

l. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23...............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

195

183

143

118

76

107

85

58

76

68

76

97

91

118

139

132

124

195

179

163

143

143

128

124

132

171

335

285

260

251

260

Nov.

256

310

285

251

238

207

195

246

680

930

930

645

540

540

420

390

360

335

310

260

253

246

204

163

183

203

224

246

914

183

Dec.

169

155

165

175

165

155

165

175

140

100

110

120

100

80

75

70

55

40

35

25

35

40

45

50

40

25

25

25

30

40

40

Jan.

35

30

25

2591?

9H

30

30

35

QI»

35

30

30

30

30

259f;

2591?

91?

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

9ft

20

20

Feb.

20

20

20

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

25

25

25

25

25

Mar.

25

25

25

25

30

30

30

30

30

35

35

35

35

35

35

40

45

60

70

70

85

100

120

135

155

175

215

310

360

480

610

Apr.

840

1,020

1,200

1,510

1,620

1,860

2,370

2,370

2,650

2,510

2,950

3,400

3,250

2,650

1,980

1,510

1,200

1,400

1,860

2,510

3,720

3,880

3,250

2,370

1,860

1,510

1,400

1,510

1,860

2,370

May.

2,510

2,510

2,110

1,740

1,300

1,110

840

680

610

540

485

458

405

355

330

305

305

275

330

380

430

405

380

330

270

250

220

200

180

185

230

June.

330

355

330

330

380

840

1,300

1,510

1,510

1,110

840

610

485

405

330

280

230

205

185

176

164

160

164

172

280

430

485

430

305

305

July.

270

225

176

148

140

164

255

305

260

200

176

144

180

176

140

133

136

112

119

122

105

102

88

77

70

65

58

58

50

45

44

Aug.

44

38

33

36

38

42

55

65

68

70

65

60

48

39

33

36

33

36

38

42

42

48

50

48

44

50

48

45i<\

.48

50

Sept.

45

44

39

39

55

88

148

148

112

65

55

58

77

156

180

164

144

136

112

91

70

68

58

50

50

77

77

148

205

176

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 16-20, Dec. 7 to Apr. 4.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RtVER BASIN. 89

Monthly discharge of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 510 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

November. ....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet..

Maximum.

335 

930 

175 

35 

25 

610 

3.880 

2,510 

1,510 

305 

70 

205

3,880

Minimum.

58 

163 

25 

20 

20 

25 

840 

180 

160 

44 

33 

30

20

Mean.

150 

348 

86-1 

25.6 

23.2 

113 

2,150 

666 

488 

140 

46.4 

97.8

359

Per 

square 

mile.

0.294 

.682 

.169 

.050 

.046 

.222 

4.22 

1.31 

.957 

.274 

.091 

.192

.704

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.34 

.76 

.19 

.06 

.05 

.26 

4.71 

1.51 

1.07 

.32 

.10 

.21

9.58

EAU CLAIRE RIVER NEAR AUGUSTA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 26 N., R. 6 E., at Trouble Water Bridge, about 7 miles 

northeast of Augusta, Eau Claire County. South Fork of Eau Claire River enters 

from left about 4 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 500 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 16, 1914, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge; read by Albert Wagner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading at 

control about 500 feet downstream from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at bridge and above is sandy and very shifting; a short 

distance below the gage the channel narrows and a rock outcrop overlain with 

large boulders forms the control. Banks are high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded, during year, 7.08 

feet April 3 and 4 (discharge, 3,710 second-feet); a stage of 11.0 feet March 31 

was due to backwater from ice; minimum discharge estimated at 25 second-feet 

January 3-5 and 21-25.

1914-1917: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 10.6 feet at noon April 1, 

1916 (discharge, 7,180 second-feet); discharge less at stage of 11.0 feet March 31, 

1917, which was due to backwater from ice; minimum discharge January, 1917.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve used October 1 to September 30, well defined from 87 to 

5,520 second-feet; poorly denned outside these limits. Gage read to quarter 

tenths once a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height 

to rating table, except for period in which stage-discharge relation was affected 

by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage 

height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Open-water records good, except for low stages for 

which they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 11«

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet.

fl CM

1.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9O

47

Date.

Mar. 22«

Made by 

.....do..................

&t.

Feet. 

2.08

2.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

78

561

a Complete ice cover.
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofEau Claire River near Augusta, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day

1..............

2..............

3... ...........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21. . .... ..

22.. ..... .......

23.... ... .......

24. ............

25..-..-.- .

26..............

27..............

28..............

9O

30..............

31..............

Oct.

103

Q7

87

83

73

fiQ

69

73

69

69

78

62

78

83

87

83

87

78

78

87

87

83

78

83

07

153

1*UJ

141

141

141

141

Nov.

141

141

141

201

158

263

797 i 4nn

833

482

385

263

250

250

280.

323

369

482

308

293

263

207

220

235

ORft

263

263

9AQ

Dec.

235

179

249

221

193

ISO

155

130

85

70

70

60

55

45

40

40

35

35

35

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

Jan.

30

30

25

25

25

30

30

30

35

40

40

40

50

50

45

40

40

35

30

30

25

25

25

25

25

30

30

45

60

60

65

Feb.

65

65

65

65

70

70

65

60

<!fl

45

45

40

40

40

40

AK

45

AR

50

55

45

35

35

40

40

40

40

40

Mar.

40

40

,40

40

40

40

40

40

45

Kf\

45

50

45

45

4n

40

40

60

70

75

SO

80

80

85

105

415

CQK

1,400

2.100

3,170

Apr.

3,530

3,620

3,710

3,710

3,710

3,530

2,840

1,630

I OQft

1,130

1.030

869

761

620

550

482

482

550

761

1,130

1,290

905

690

761

833

(US

761

985

1,510

May.

1,570

1,400

1,030

833

761

533

449

385

353

323

293

263

193

193

166

153

153

141

193

221

221

249

249

249

235

221

193

179

153

166

221

June.

369

3GS

293

293

369

585

1,130

2,450

1.890

1,030

690

449

401

278

249

235

179

166

153

107

107

107

125

129

129

174

166

129

1x8

129

July.

129

129

107

97

97

107

118

125

107

87

107

118

107

118

97

91

91

91

83

87

83

83

91

179

153

118

Ql

78

fiQ

78

40

Aug.

62

118

73

62

69

141

134

134

141

129

78

73

83

87

69

78

69

69

69

69

62

62

62

69

54

62

14

51

47

434fl

Sept.

43

40

43

40 '40

43

40

47

40

4rt

40

48

. 62

66

69

54

57

47

78

62

69

54

54

78

78

166

78

97

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Nov. 15-17, 25-27, and Dec. 6 to Apr. 2. Discharge 

Sept. 14 interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 500 square miles.]

Month.

December....... . ..............................

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

158 

1,400 

249 

65 

70 

3,440 

3,710 

1,570 

2,450 

179 

141 

179

3,710

Minimum.

62 

141 

30 

25 

35 

40 

482 

141 

107 

40 

40 

40

25

Mean.

93.4 

334 

79.7 

36.0 

49.3 

410 

1,560 

385 

431 

102 

77.8 

63.5

301

Per 

square 

mile.

0.187 

.668 

.159 

.072 

.095 

.820 

3.12 

.770 

.862 

.204 

.156 

.127

.602

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.22

.75 

.18 

.08 

.10 

.95 

3.48 

.89 

.96 

.24 

.18 

.14

8.17

RED CEDAR RIVER NEAR COLFAX, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 27, T. 30 N., R. 11 W., at highway bridge about 4J miles north 

of Colfax, Dunn County. Hay River enters from right about 11 miles below, and 

Trout Creek, also from right, 3J miles above station.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 91

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,100 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 10,1914, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by Andrew 

Lundeguam.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and gravel; small amount of grass 

growth during summer months; left bank high and not subject to overflow; right 

bank medium high and may be overflowed during extremely high water; control 

not well defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maxiinum stage recorded during year, 4.94 feet at 10 

a. m. April 3 (discharge 4,380 second-feet); Tnininnim discharge recorded, 435 

second-feet March 12.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 6.8 feet at 1 p. m., March 31,1916 (discharge 6,990 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.80 foot November 19, 1914 

(discharge about 385 second-feet), apparently caused by temporary holding back 

of the water by ice.

REGULATION.' The following dams and reservoirs are used to regulate the flow in the 

Red Cedar River. Owing to operation of these reservoirs the flow at the station 

is not natural.

Reservoirs used to regulate flow of Red Cedar River.

Dam.

Long Lake ......................... 

Cedar Lake ........................ 

Birch Lake _ ...................... 

Bear Lake. ........................ 

Chetek Lake .......................

Location.

Sec! 2lj T! 36 N!|R! low!"!"!"" """"""

Approximate 

capacity 

(millions of 

cubic feet).

1,000 

965 

1,174 

280 

998

4,417

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent, except as affected by ice and 

possibly by grass from June to September. One curve, well defined between 

653 and 4,450 second-feet, was used during the year; curve extended and roughly 

approximate outside these limits. Gage read to quarter tenths twice daily. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table 

except for period in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which 

it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected 

for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes and weather 

records. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 23

Jan. Hi 

Feb. 19a

Made by 

Williams and Kilgore . .

&,

Feet. 

2.01

3.03

2.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,000

808 

478

Date.

Mar. 20o

May 18 

Aug. 11

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.04

1.70 

1.31

Discharge.

Secjt. 

618

803 

575

»From data on file in Engineering Dept. of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin. 

a Ice at control.
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.. ............

12..............

13..............

14........ . .

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

820

925

960

960

1,000

960

1,040

925

960

750

662

635

662

635

635

585

690

690

690

662

690

750

785

785

750

855

820

720

635

610

720

Nov.

720

690

720

AQA

635

635

635

890

890

820

720

690 fion

662

635

690

690

635

785

662

690

690

750

662

560

635

635

750

820

785

Dec.

70 E

OQn

750

635 fiQrt

Ron

fiofi

690

635

470

470

470

AK/\

d^Cl

450

450

450

AK/\

450

450

470

470

470

470

490

490

510

535

535

560

585

Jan.

585

610

635

635

660

690

£QA

720

7KA

820

O1 A

70S

7RA

715

650

650

(\AK

660

670

650

635

630

630

685

74(1

710

675

620

565

590

610

Feb.

610

605

600

600

620

645

630

610

KOn

555

565

575

510

440

dfii\

475

505

535

520

510

«aic

IUW1

505

510

480

450

465

480

Mar.

460

44 1?

445

44^

dftn

4 fin

470

AfK

510

640

4on

435

470

510

520

530

555

580

600

620

665

750

820

son

925

855

Ofifl

1,040

1,210

1,480

1,980

Apr.

3 nnn

3 640

4,310

4,030

3

QQA

2

QQA

2 640

2 640

2

KOA

2,200

2

AQA

2

AQA

1 Qftfi

1,580 i Qon

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,880

1,680

1,120

1,120

i ndft

960

890

820

820

QQA

1,040

May.

1

1 on

1,210

Qfifl

*7QK

fton

635

720 fton

fiofi

635 fton

ftfiO

fion

820

7Q K

750

70 K

iJQA

7en

ftOH

fton

662

635

635

535

535

535

cqc

662

1,000

June.

1

f\At\

con

ITKA

1,210 i tun

con

1,120

Ofifl

750

QOC

75? K

1 000

Qftft

855

75? K

690

690

585

662

Ron

690

662

635

635

690

635

610

635

635

690

July.

585

535

Ron

AfiO

662

662

635

635

690

785

610

585

585

610

535

585

535

635

635

610

585

585

585

585

585

560

512

512

535

Aug.

KftA

535

512

635 fton

635

585

560

KOK

535

KOC

535

512

535

535

512

512

535

535

535

585

560

535 4on

560

535

512

535

Sept.

KftA

RIO

660

660

560

660

490

 M*

586

pop

535

512

535

512

512

440

4on

490

470

535

440

4on

490

470

470

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice Dec. 11 to Apr. 2.

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

Month.

March.. . ....... . .

May

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,040 

890 

890 

820 

645 

1,980 

4,310 

1,210 

1,210 

785 

690 

635

4,310

Minimum.

585 

560 

450 

565 

440 

435 

820 

535 

585 

512 

490 

470

435

Mean.

773 

705 

550 

675 

537 

696 

1,920 

732 

788 

599 

551 

527

753

Per 

square 

mile.

0.703 

.641 

.500 

.614 

.488 

.633 

1.75 

.665 

.716 

.545 

.501 

.479

.685

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.81

.72 

.58 

.71 

.51 

.73 

1.95 

.77 

.80 

.63 

.58 

.53

9.32
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 93

RED CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 28 N., R. 12 W.> at highway bridge near Cedar Falls, Dunn 

County, 4J miles above crossing of Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha 

Railway.

DRAINAGE AKEA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Staff fastened to bridge pier; read by John G. Wood.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. No discharge measurements made at this station, which 

is maintained to determine fluctuation in stage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and rocky, straight, and free from vegetation; banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.9 feet April 3 and 4; 

minimum stage, 0.0 foot, 5 p. m. March 11.

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 6.1 feet April 1-3, 1916; minimum stage 

recorded 0.0 foot at 5 p. m. March 11,1917. Minimum stages are caused by closing gates and wheels in dam above station.

REGULATION. The operation of storage reservoirs in the headwaters of the river 

(see "Regulation" in station description for Red Cedar River at Colfax, Wis.), 

together with storage at the power plant above the gaging station, modify the 

flow.

ACCURACT. Gage read twice daily to half-tenths. No measurements have been 

made, but stage-discharge relation believed permanent. Considerable diurnal 

fluctuation is observed, so that mean daily gage height does not represent the 

average stage.

COOPERATION.- Gage-height record furnished by Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & 

Power Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..... ...... ...

31..............

Oct.

1.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.75

2.75

9 7

1 Q

2.72

2 72

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

1.9

2.75

2.75

2.78

2.8

2.75

2.52

1 X

2.75

2.75

2.58

2.58

3.0

2.68

1.9

2.75

3.0

Nov.

2.75

2.58

2.58

2.58

1.72

2.62

2.62

2

QQ

3.02

3.08

3.02

2.38

2.98

2.58

2.58

2.78

2.72

2.72

1.82

2.78

2.78

2.72

2.72

2.72

2.72

i.a

2.8

2.72

2.8

1.6

Dec.

3.0

2.72

1.6

3.08

3.0

3.0

3.0

2 79

2.72

1.6

2.72

2 72

2.72

2.72

2.68

2.62

1.55

2.62

2.68

2.68

2.62

2.62

2.68

1.52

1.52

3.0

2.9

2.95

2.88

2.95

2.05

Jan.

2.42

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.75

2.68

1.5

2

QK

3.0

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.75

1.65

2.85

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.85

1.55

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.8

2.9

2.8

1.4

2.75

2.8

2.6

Feb.

2.5

2.5

2.5

1.45

2.55

2.55

3.0

2 Q

2.8

2.85

1.5

2.5

2.7

2.5

2 4

2.4

2.1

1.4

2 7

3.0

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.5

1.4

2.5

2.6

2.4

.......

Mar.

2.5 9 >;

2.4

1.4

2

K

2.5

2.45

0 O

. 1.85

2.5

1.2

2.5

2.5

2

K

2.3

2.5

1.9

1.4

1.45

2.7

2.8

2.4

2.5

2.6

1.4

3.05

3.35

3.6

3.85

3.95

5.25

Apr.

5.05

5.65

5.85

5.9

5.6

5.05

4.65

4

KK

4.65

4.35

4.15

4.15

4.1

3.95

3.45

3.55

3.35

3.4

3.48

3.55

3.45

3.15

3.55

3.25

3.3

3.18

3.15

2.75

2.68

3.25

May.

3.3

3.25

3.15

2.85

2.7

2.5

2. .95

2 7fi

2.4

2.25

2.4

2.3

2.15

2.4

2.4

2.75

2.68

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.4

2.6

2.52

2.52

2.25

1.98

1.85

2.68

2.3

2.3

2.68

June.

3.1

3.72

3.92

3.32

3.3

3.4

3.32

3.28

3.55

3.15

3.42

3.3

3.35

3-55

3.4

3.1

2.3

2.25

2.35

2.3

2.45

2.4

2.2

1.9

1.85

2.38

2.65

2.6

2.4

2.45

July.

2.4

2.5

2.38

2.3

2.45

2.42

2.4

2.6

2.7

2.55

2.6

2.45

2.4

2.45

2.3

2.65

2.75

2.45

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.55

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.0

2.25

2.45

Aug.

2.25

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.0

2.3

2.35

2 A

2.35

2.3

2.25

1.9

2.5

2.55

2.5

2.55

2.5

2.55

2.0

2.45

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.3

2.35

2.0

2.35

2.45

2.5

2.4

2.6

Sept.

2.45

2.1

1.55

2.6

2.5

2.55

2.68

2.5

1.6

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.55

2.65

2.6

2.35

2.5

2.55

2.45

2.45

2.6

2.55

2.0

2.55

2.5

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.0
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

BED CEDAR RIVER AT MENOMONIE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 28 N., R. 13 W., about 900 feet below power house of Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power Co., Menominie, Dunn County, 13 miles 

above the confluence of Red Cedar and Chippewa rivers. Wilson Creek discharges from right into service reservoir just above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,810 square miks (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 16, 1907, to September 5, 1908; May 9, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder installed May 9,1913, over a wooden 

well on right bank of river about 1 mile above the site of old gage attached to a 

highway bridge about 200 rods west of the Chicago & North Western Railway 

station west of Menomonie, which was read from June 16, 1907, to September 5, 

1908. No relation between datums of the two gages. Gage inspected by E. 

Kasrud.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge about 1 mile below the

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage composed of heavy gravel; left bank high and 

not subject to overflow; right bank of medium height will be overflowed at flood 

stages; bed at measuring section sandy and liable to shift; both banks high at 

measuring section and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year about 6.3 feet 

April 3 (discharge, 8,300 second-feet); nrininmm stage recorded 1.92 feet at 1 

p. m. November 20 (discharge, 394 second-feet).

1907-8 and 1913-1917: Maximum discharge, 12,700 second-feet March 31 and 

April 1, 1916; minimum discharge, 100 second-feet November 9, 1907.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation in stage at the gage section is caused 

by the operation of the power plants of the Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power 

Co. at Menomonie and Cedar Falls. (See "Regulation'' in station description 

for Red Cedar River at Coif ax, Wis.)

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water of April 1916, but 

has been fairly permanent since. Ice does not affect the stage-discharge relation 

at this station owing to relatively warm water coming from service reservoir. 

Rating curve well defined between 610 and 1,910 second-feet, and between 

3,910 and 9,220 second-feet. Curve extended outside these limits and roughly 

approximate only. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory except for 

brief periods. Daily-discharge record October 1 to September 30 except for brief 

periods obtained with discharge integrator. Records good except for periods 

when gage was not in operation, for which they are only roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by K. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

Feb. 21. ......................

Apr.2....... .................

tt.

Feet. 

2.52

5.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

864

6,840

Date.

Apr. 2.. ......................

Aug. 8.......................

3SL

Feet. 

6.05

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7,550

1,000
TIPPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASIN. 95

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

?

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

745

920

1 'Rnn

1,350

1,280

1,110

1,200

660

760

QAA

1,130

1,250

1,120

1,100 Ann

880

1,020

1,180 i nan

1,130

870

650

740

970

1,050

930

1,010

1,230

710

1,010

1,130

Nov.

1,130

950

1,010

1,060

700

840

1,030

1,270

1,370

1,380

1,340

onfi

1 ion

1,140

1,090

1,180

1,110

1,020

840

800

i n4n

1,190

1,160

1,170

1,010

720

930

1,150

1,000

780

Dec.

1,050

1,310

810

1,060

1,280

1,230

1,390

1,040

1.090

770

910

1,160

1,160

1,230

1,120

cun

680

750

970

1,040

900

860

830

610

640

910

1,210

1,380

1,340

1,180

1,190

Jan.

1,000

1,280

1,430

1,400

1,050

880

660

1,060

1,240

1^290

1,240

1,300

1,210

800

880

1,320

1,460

1,450

1,330

1 4Sf>

1,010

920 1 ion

1,280

1,290

1,260 i 3rm

900

910

1,240

1,380

Feb.

940

960 ooft *7in

890

980

1,180

1,370

1,170

970

800

CQA

1,030

910

930

780

750

680

860

980

1,000

940

940

1,000

840

870

940

940

Mar.

850

800 si n

fip;n

680

7fifl

910

880

760

OrtA

610

770

920

800

800

710

660

480

680

700

890

930

1,290

1,250

1,070

1,680

1,950

2,760

3,000

3,130

4,830

Apr.

5,;240

6,900

7,340

7,640

6,880

5,690

4,500

4,160

4,560

3,860

3,200

3 nsft

2,810

2,880

2,110

2,180

1,840

1,890

1,710

2,160

2,240

1,480

1,920

1,600

2,140

1,420

1,590

1,520

1,010

1,810

May.

1,580

i onn

1,570

1 600

1^260

1,010

1,580

1,420

1,120

1,000

1,120

1,100

680

1,070

1,240

1,160

1,280

1,200

1,100

760

1,140

1,230

1,200

1.080

1,020

1,000

640

940

1,130

740

1,250

June.

1 4 "if!

1,630

1,150

1,870

1,670

1,600

1,810

1,480

1,370

1,360

1,550

1,510

1,330

1,330

1,220

1,080

1,820

1,430

1 150

1,210

1,140

1,040

1 200

770

7dfl

780

780

910

920

950

July.

870

970

1 *880 080

930

1,260

1,080

940

1,450

1,310

1,330

950

1,190

960

890

1,000

1,140

1,020/

990

1,020

950

880

850

1,020

1,300

1,110

1,080

940

830

810

780

Aug.

910

730

760

810

710

600

880

1,070

1,140

i ion

1,220

780

900

950

950

940

990

920

730

940

880

980

940

1,120

840

760

800

890

900

1,030

1,000

Sept.

1,210

870

650

780

1,040

1,140

1,090

1,060

530

840

930

1 060

1^020

960

890

800

830

1,110

1,120

900

870

890

630

740

970

1,010

990

920

890

660

NOTE. Kecording gage not in operation Oct. 1-3; determinations of discharge based on one gage reading 

a day, records of Bed Cedar River at Cedar Falls, and interpolation. Discharge Nov. 29, 30, and Jan. 7 

based on average gage height for less than 24 hours.

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

&rt Yoyy ou, J.&J. i.

[Drainage area, 1,810 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,350 

1,380 

1,390 

1,460 

1,370 

4,830 

7,640 

1,900 

1,870 

1,450 

1,220 

1,210

7,640

Minimum.

600 

700 

610 

660 

680 

480 

1,010 

640 

740 

780 

600 

530

480

Mean.

999 

1,050 

1,030 

1,170 

934 

1,220 

3,250 

1,170 

1,280 

1,030 

912 

913

1,240

Per

square 

mile.

0.552

.580 

.569 

.646 

.516 

.674 

1.80 

.646 

.707 

.569 

.504 

.504

.685

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.64 

.65 

.66 

.74 

.54 

.78 

2.01 

.74 

.79 

.66 

.58 

.56

9.35
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

ZTTMBRO RIVER AT ZTTMBRO FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. Near east border of sec. 31, T. 110 N., R. 14 W., at highway bridge at 

Zumbro Falls, about 1,500 feet below mouth, of Spring Creek, 6 J miles below mouth 

of South Branch.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,120 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 8, 1909, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain attached to the upstream handrail of bridge near left end; read by 

A. H. Sugg.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream is fine sand; shifts considerably; a slight riffle 

a few hundred feet below gage acts as a partial control during low stages; right 

bank is fairly low and is overflowed during high flood stages; left bank not subject 

to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 19.04 feet at 4.50 

p. m. March 25 (discharge, about 14,800 second-feet); flood peak was increased 

somewhat by going out of dam at Mazeppa, about 6 miles upstream, during the 

afternoon of March 25. Dam created a head of 22 feet and had a pond area of 

about 150 acres. Minimum discharge estimated 150 second-feet January 13 to 

February 15.

1907-1917: Maximum stage recorded March 25, 1917; minimum open-water 

stage recorded, 4.50 feet at 8 a. m. January 10 and 21, 1914 (discharge, about 128 

second-feet); 106 second-feet was measured by current meter January 27, 1915. 

High-water of June, 1908, which reached a stage of 26. 7 feet above datum of 

present gage, is marked by a spike in a telephone post near the railroad station 

at Zumbro Falls; high water of April, 1888, reached a stage of approximately 29.7 

feet, as shown by a mark not so well denned as that of the flood of 1908.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice except during and after 

extremely cold weather, when ice forms below the gage and causes backwater for 

short periods. A short distance above the gage the river receives about 8 second 

feet of spring water from Spring Creek, which is warm enough to keep it free from 

ice for a considerable distance during most winter weather.

REGULATION. The slight artificial regulation at the power plants above Zumbro Falls 

is not observable at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; change occurred during highwater of March. Rating curve used October 1 to March 22 and May 29 to September 30, poorly defined; curve used March 23 to May 28 poorly defined throughout. 

Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table except during period when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table 

mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurement, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good except 

those for flood stages, which are subject to error; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., during the period 

Oct. 1, 1916, to Oct. 6, 1917.

Date.

1917.

Feb..20a

Mar. 28

Made by 

S. B. Soul<5.... .........

.....do..................

R. B. Kilgore.. ........

&t.

Feet. 

4.92

A. Sfi

10.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

160

167

3,580

Date.

1917.

Oct. 6

Made by 

S. B. Soul<s~...........

llGlglxt*

Feet. 

9.05

5.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,080 23<i

a Ice at control section.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 97

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 80,1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4...........:..

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

210

206

210

206

208

200

202

202

202

204

210

222

233

233

510

510

206

206

222

233

222

222

222

233

257

257

257

257

257

245

245

Nov.

233

233

233

222

222

233

245

282

308

366

322

.308

257

245

235

235

235

235

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

Dec.

220

220

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

200

200

200

200

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

180

180

180

180

180

180

170

170

Jan.

170

170

170

170

170

170

160

160

160

160

160

160

150

150 iw

150

150

150

150

150

ISO

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

Feb.

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

160

160

160

160

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

Mar.

180

180

180

180

180

180

195

197

200

210

202

189

169

210

222

179

189

210

222

257

1,270

9,670

8,970

14,000

8,690

5,050

3,550

1,920

2.340

2,060

Apr.

1,850

1,470

1,240

1,240

1,410

1,410

1,240

1.030

880

805

735

690

622

600

532

555

510

555

578

735

1,030

1,240

880

805

780

805

880

780

735

780

May.

1,030

1,030

880

758

690

622

555

510

490

450

430

410

370

390

370

350

330

350

430

490

510

600

758

735

555

510

578

622

580

620

2,360

June.

2,160

1,550

1,020

870

820

1,020

1,370

2,220

1,550

1,120

870

560

640

560

500

443

443

406

388

370

388

370

424

540

1,490

1,270

1,020

820

820

820

July.

680

740

580

520

500

520

600

680

600

500

740

920

820

680

580

540

500

462

424

424

406

406

388

481

443

388

352

352

318

302

318

Aug.

318

318

302

302

302

335

406

820

700

520

388

352

335

318

302

318

286

286

270

270

318

302

286

270

254

224

224

224

224

210

224

Sept.

224

210

224

224

210

210

210

210

224

210

224

224

224

210

210

210

196

210

224

270

462

443

352

302

270

254

352

318

286

270

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 14 to Mar. 6.

Monthly discharge of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,120 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Ma-irimmTi .

510

366 

220 

170 

170 

14,000 

1.850 

2,360 

2.220 

920 

820 

462

14,000

Minimum.

200 

220 

170 

150 

150 

169 

510 

330 

370 

302 

210 

196

150

Mean.

242 

243 

196 

156 

158 

1,990 

913 

625 

895 

521 

329 

256

546

Per 

square 

mile.

a 216

.217 

.175 

.139 

.141

1.78 

.815 

.558 

.799 

.465 

.294 

.229

.488

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on

drainage 

area).

0.25 

.24 

.20 

.16 

.15 

2.05 

.91 

.64 

.89 

.54 

.34 

.26

6.63

96719° 19 WSP 455 7
98 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

SOUTH BRANCH OF ZTJMBRO RIVER NEAR ZTJMBRO FALLS, MUTN.

LOCATION. In sec. 22, T. 109 N., R. 14 W., at Woodville Bridge, 1£ miles above 

mouth, of river, 6 miles below mouth, of Middle Branch, and 6 miles southwest of 

Zumbro Falls, Wabasha County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 821 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 16, 1911, to September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to the downstream handrail of bridge near center of 

river; read by W. M. Wbipple.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high and medium stages made from downstream 

side of the bridge; at low stages made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream consists chiefly of sand and gravel. Control 

consists of cobble stones and rock at a well-defined riffle a short distance below 

the gage; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.1 feet at 6 p. m. 

March 23 (discharge, about 12,100. second-feet); minimum discharge estimated, 

100 second-feet February 11-24.

1911-1917: Maximum stage recorded March 23, 1917; minimum stage recorded, 

1.80 feet December 26, 1914 (discharge, 62 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Effects of operation of small power plants above the station not 

noticeable at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve fairly well denned. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except 

during period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was 

ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for 

effect of ice, by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Open-water records good except those for extreme flood stages, which 

are subject to error; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., 

during the period Oct. 1, 1916, to Oct. 6, 1917.

Date.

1917 

Jan. 10o

Feb. 20o

Mar. 27

Made by 

S. B. Soul<§....... ......

.....do..................

B. B. Kilgore. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.28

2.22

6 79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

119

102

3" 91 A

Date.

1917

Oct. 6

Made by 

S. B. Soul<§.... .........

3*.

Feet. 

4.46

2.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,510

163

Made through complete ice cover.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI KIVEK BASIN. 99

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, 

Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1917.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1 P\ft

If^L

148

158

154

145

140

i^n

142

142

1S<!

142

145

ISO

148

145

148

142

142

142

I4a

I4a

142

1W

177

177

166

154

162

Nov.

145

140

IWl

inn

150

148

1^4.

150

QrtA

OQ9

909

91 0

177

158

150

154

170

150 i so

1 CO

158

150

i wi

154

166 is;*!

145

145

142

Dec.

150

145

142

142

145

140

142

125

10C

-lOC

19*

125

10K

19*

19*

IOK

125

1915

1915

195

125

125

19*

1OK

125 1915

1 OK

125

Jan.

1915

1915

125

125

125

125

19*

125

120

120

120

115

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

Feb.

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

100

inn

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

110

110

110

110

Mar.

110

110

110

110

110

1/ffl

070

9S9

9*ft

OQA

1OQ

1£Q

Id*

120

201

140

1/ffl

1 Wl

170

145

91ft

1,980

7 060

7,720

5,320

3,720

2,710

2

Aftrt

1,620

13 620

Apr.

1 480 070

OQO

QKO

1,097

Q7O

7QO

70 e

AQQ

d.19

OQQ

OCQ

346

364

OQQ

594

1 '764 040

594

540

R99

594

540

488

flOO

May.

678

678

Acn

C/ffl

S14

AQQ

462

437

QQQ

341

°.ii

OQA

9ftQ

264

97fi

264

269

qnn

QCO

567

622

514

437

412

488 *un

AQQ

622

1,760

June.

2,530

1,480

419

735

678

Q19

2

1OA

1,480

1 Qfifi

973

706

650

4.S2S

119

412

388

412

QtlQ

336

007

314

309

OQQ

488

678

1,480

1,220

706

882

706

July.

KQA

594

AQQ

388

364

437

ACT)

437

Apt)

388

622

Q7°.

706

540

AGf)

388

097

QCC

336

OOQ

309

304

296

341

323

300

97ft

264

OJO

239

247

Aug.

nan

256

247

230

243

273

341

852

622

0(2(2

314

314

O7Q

252

234

230

226

234

222

230

278

234

91ft

201

189

185

1SQ

193 iai

177

173

Sept.

177

170

166

170

170

166

170

166

162

1 ftO

162

170

170

170

243

650

514

359

300

264

226

269

11 9

9H9

226 91 n

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 6.

Monthly discharge of South Branch of Zumbro River, near Zumbro Falls, Minn.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 821 square miles.]

Mouth.

March.........................................

May...........................................

June ...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

181 

300 

150 

125 

110 

7.720 

1,480 

1,760 

2.530 

973 

852 

650

7,720

Minimum.

135 

140 

125 

110 

100 

110 

346 

264 

309 

239 

173 

162

100

Mean."

152 

166 

130 

115 

105 

1,350 

647 

484 

812 

413 

273 

232

408

Per 

square 

mile.

0.185 

.202 

.158 

.140 

.128 

1.64 

.788 

.590 

.989 

.503 

.333 

.283

.497

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.21 

.23 

.18 

.16 

.13 

1.89 

.88 

.68 

1.10 

.58 

.38 

.32

6.74

TREMPEALEATJ RIVER AT DODGE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 11, T. 19 N., B. 10 W., at highway bridge in Dodge, Trempealeau

County, 9 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 633 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 13, 1913, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by J. Johnson and

F. E. Shappee.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL . Sand; likely to shift. Banks of medium height and may be

overflowed during extreme floods.
100 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PAKT V.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge 1,640 second-feet, Marrh 30 and 31; 

minimum discharge about 120 second-feet, January 21-23.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 8.35 feet, June 9, 1914 (discharge, 3,340 

second-feet); minimum discharge, January 21-23, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. No power plants above station have sufficient capacity to affect the 

natural flow of the river.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Two rating curves used as 

follows: October 1 to March 31, fairly well defined between 196 and 1,800 secondfeet; April 1 to September 30, well defined between 191 and 1,800 eecond-feet, 

and fairly well defined between 1,800 and 3,080 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage height to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily 

gage height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good, except at 

extreme flood stages, for which they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 12»

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o to

3.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

ivi

210

Date.

Mar. 23«

Made by &,.

Feel. 

5.35

2.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

ft*3

388

a Complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Bay.

q

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

10..-.-......-..

11..............

19

iq

14..............

IK

16..............

17..............

 ID

19

20-.----. .......

21..............

00

oq

24

OK

9fl

97

OS

9Q

30

31.---..........

Oct.

296

97O,

270

97O,

9^7

244

9<V7

244

9^7

97O,

97O,

283

qoo

OQA

97ft

97H

270

qno

296

283

270

Q71

374

400

374

348

qoo

348

Nov.

q^o

296

qrtQ

qrtn

296

296

qrtO

JCO

f^on

KQA

426

371

q7J

J7C

J7Q

P;^I

cna

470

452

452

AKt)

1A9

JCO

AKf)

426

426

452

400 07 A

Dec.

qoo

322

qoo

OQA

309

qoo

qoo

QAQ

270

255

74. f»

230

OOA

210 -IQK

175

155

145

iqc

19^

120

1OK

125

19^

1OK

is*;

135

135

135

Jan.

145

145

155

165

160

160

160

165

170

175

170

170

170

165

165

160

160

160

155

155

155 lt;f;

160

160

160

1QA

195

Oftfi

91 n

200

Feb.

ion

210

9Qf»

oq c

oqK

220

205

210 01 *;

01 P;

215

210

210

210

210

91 f\

220

OOA

OOR

9<?n

240

tyjK

230

225

220

OOA

Mar.

225

220

OOA

220

220

OOA

245

260

270

OQC

300 q-m

330

qqe

330

OOA

OQK

qcc

37 f»

ion

445

fidf»

OKrt

1,090

1 360

1,470 1 t^n

1,590

1 640

L640

Apr.

1 firm

1 600

l', 600

1,390

i nan

Qce

903

7QQ

721

669

669

616

616

564

Kq7

511

511

511

669

825

077

7QQ

AQK

616

616

616

590

CO7

642

ftfiQ

May^

721

721

642

459

41O

jqq

433

Af\o

383

383

383

358

333

qqq

308

OAQ

296

Af\Q

408

459

564

jlflB

qeo

358

358

qqq

358

383

408

June.

383

383

358

358

goo

408 f;ofi

537

511

433

383

358

333

308

QftQ

284

284

260

260

260

260

248

383

564

CQA

642

485

433

408

358

July.

358

358

333

333

ooq

459

383

358

358

408

485

459

358

333

308

284

260

248

236

236

236

260

296

284

284

260

236

213

202

202

181

Aug.

248

236

236

260

260

284

308

308

260

236

248

260

236

OQA

224

181

181

181

171

191

1S1

181

1st

181

181

Isl

181

171

171

Sept.

ifli

171

162

202

1 AO

1PB

171

171

181

1PB

isl

171

1Q1

191

Isl

181

162

171

202

284

OOA

OQA

OQft

191

236

284

260

248

01 q

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 31.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI KIVEK BASIN. 101

Monthly discharge of Trempealeau, River at Dodge, Wis., for the year ending Sept. $0,

1917. 

[Drainage area, 633 square miles.]

Month.

October

Mky............ ...............................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

400 

618 

322 

210 

240 

1,640 

1,600 

721 

642 

485 

308 

284

1,640

Minimum.

244

296 

120 

145 

190 

220 

511 

296 

248 

181 

171 

153

120

Mean.

296 

426 

203 

167 

219 

592 

800 

430 

392 

309 

219 

198

354

Per 

square 

mile.

0.468 

.673 

.321 

.264 

.346 

.935 

1.26 

.679 

.619 

.488 

.346 

.313

.559

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.54' 

.75 

.37 

.30 

.36 

1.08 

1.41 

.78 

.69 

.56 

.40 

.35

7.59

BLACK RIVER AT NEILLSVILLE, 'WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 24 N., R. 2 W., at lower Mgliway bridge in Neillsville, Clark 

County. O'Neil Creek enters from left about a mile above gage and Ctmningham 

Creek, also from left, about 1J miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 774 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 7, 1905. to March 31, 1909; December 11, 1913, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read by A. Bissell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading in 

vicinity of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and rock; control at head 

of rapids, a few hundred feet below gage; banks high and rocky; water will not 

overflow the banks at the gage section.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.35 feet at 8 

a. m. April 4 (discharge, 7,200 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated, 25 

second-feet December 25-31. Owing to diurnal fluctuations at such low stages 

it ia likely that the absolute minimum waa somewhat less.

1905-1909 and 1913-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 19.8 feet June 6, 1905 

(discharge, about 29,400 second-feet). It is probable that the maximum discharge 

which occurred October 6, 1911, exceeded 29,000 second-feet, although data are 

 not available regarding the atage at the gage section during this flood. Minimum 

stage recorded during open-water periods, 2.4 feet October 9, 1905 (discharge, 

about 20 second-feet).

REGULATION. Several dams on Black River and tributaries upstream from Neillsville are used to create a head for developing power. The operation of these 

plants causea a diurnal fluctuation at the gage, especially during the winter, 

when the flow ia at a minimum.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined from 48 to 14,300 second-feet; fairly well denned below 

48 second-feet and extended above 14,300 aecond-feet. Gage read to quartertentha twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table except for periods in which stage-discharge relation waa 

affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table gage height 

corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notea, 

and weather records. Open-water records good, except for extremely low stages, 

are fair; winter records poor.
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

Discharge measurements of Black River at Neillsville, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 10a

Made by 

R.B.Kilgore. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.70

3.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

97

34

Date. Made by 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

3.79

7.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

51

3,190

o Complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River at Neillsville, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

 30, 1917.

Day.

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

315

260

192

160

122

108

102

97

97

86

84

87

108

104

116

122

112

110

104

118

134

104

100

98

142

122

296

334

315

315

355

Nov.

374

438

416

416

585

510

416

890

2,860

2,660

1,800

1,290

890

485

395

438

438

296

296

260

228

198

185

185

170

170

170

170

176

192

Dec.

181

187

173

170

157

145

130

120

100

90

85

70

65

60

50

40

40

35

35

30

30

30

30

30

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

Jan.

30

Feb.

35

40

Mar.

40

40

40

40

40

40

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

60

60

70

70

85

100

145

230

415

660

2,070

3,060

3,680

4 9Qfl

4,560

Apr.

4,850

5,160

5,800

6,940

5,800

5,640

5,160

4,290

3,680

3,060

2,860

2,960

2, 760

2,260

1,720

1,290

1,080

1,010

1,800

2,460

4,290

4,030

2,860

2,160

1,640

1,500

2,070

2,070

2,560

3,160

May.

3,360

2,960

2,260

1,640

1,220

950

770

660

535

460

416

334

296

260

241

184

198

184

204

210

260

374

395

354

260

231

198

173

154

1*4

204

June.

260

334

354

315

610

1,080

2,960

3,260

2,460

1,640

1,150

770

585

395

278

225

181

157

125

120

11007

104

120

134

122

83

120

120

134

July.

165

104

90

84

86

102

84

63

47

49

68

86

87

104

69

58tfi

60

57

56

48

81

187

173

142

102

78

58

53

EO

48

Aug.

54

59

47

43

40

45

63

94

108

112

110

92

416

170

97

70

t4

47

47

44

43

46

52

WJ

50

58

43

42

40

3Q

41

Sept.

42

41

42

40

42

43

43

43

43

54

47

46

47

^Q

53

59

47

63

64

71

64

57

47

43

48

50

47

50

108

Q7

NOTE. Stage discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 23-28, and Dec. 6 to Apr. 1. Braced figures show 

mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of Black River at Neillsville, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 774 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

January .......................................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June... ...... .

July...........................................

The year.... ............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

355 

2,860 187- 

30 

40 

4,560 

6,940 

3,360 

3,260 

187 

416 

108

6,940

Minimum.

84 

170 

25 

30 

35 

40 

1,010 

154 

83 

47 

39 

40

25

Mean.

159 

600 

72.8 

30.0 

37.3 

655 

3,230 

648 

613 

83.8 

75.0 

53.3

519

Her 

square 

mile.

0.205 

.775 

.094 

.039 

.048 

.846 

4.17 

.837 

.792 

.108 

.097 

.069

.671

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.24 

.86 

.11 

.04 

.05 

.98 

4.65 

.96 

.S3 

.12 

.11 

.08

9.08
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN". 103

LA CROSSE RIVER HEAR WEST SALEM, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 32, T. 17 N., R. 6 W., La Crosse County, at Highway bridge 2 

miles west of West Salem and 10 miles above mouth of river. Dutch Creek enters 

from right 6 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 412 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

& Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 22, 1913, to September 30,1917.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge at medium and 

high stages; at low stages made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed heavy gravel and rock. Right bank high and not 

subject to overflow; left bank above the gage low, and subject to overflow at flood 

stages. Channel free from vegetation; control for low stages a rocky riffle with a 

fall of about 6 inches. Control is apparently drowned out at a stage of about 2.2 

feet on the gage as shown by a reversal in the rating curve.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.4 feet, at 5 p. m. 

March 24 (discharge, about 2,850 second-feet); minimum discharge, 130 secondfeet, January 14.

1913-1917: Maximum stage recorded March 24, 1917; minimum discharge, 130 

second-feet, November 17, 1914, and January 14, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Diurnal fluctuation at low stages amounting to 0.10 to 0.40 foot, is 

caused by the operation of power plants, especially the Neshonock dam a few 

miles above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 212 and 2,300 second-feet. Gage read to quarter tenths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to 

rating table except for periods in which stage-discharge relation was affected by 

ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height 

corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Open-water records good, except for low stages, for which 

they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. I3a

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

F. B. Kilgore. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.90

2.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

211

214

Date.

Mar. 24

May 17»

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.98

1.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

9 nnft

309

a Ice at control. b Made from the bridge; very poor measuring section at this stage.
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

308

288

288

288

244

234

248

248

248

288

248

288

248

241

234

268

288

308

328

308

328

350

371

371

328

328

Nov.

308

288

288

288

248

288

268

328

350

328

308

328

350

308

308

371

394

328

308

288

288

288

288

270

248

328

288

288

288

Dec.

288

288

248

288

268

268

268

268

268

255

248

240

93ft

210

205

200

195

195

185

185

180

180

180

180

185

185

185

185

195 1Qp\

Jan.

200

195

195

160

190

185

180

180

130

170

160

175

160

165

1 P»P\

145

175

160

175

175

185

195

165

220

215

91 P\

Feb.

240

220

205

145

205

185

165

onn

200

185

170

9Hfl

190

175

250

235

200

165

225

OOP;

230

205

1QK

195

165

220

210

200

Mar.

175

185

185

165

205

210

185

225

250

250

250

330

340

365

355

335

330

280

300

270

330

695

1,910

2,480

1,510

1,090

916

715

595

506

461

Apr.

461

438

416

394

394

371

288

268

308

328

308

288

288

288

248

288

268

528

2,060

1,600

1,000

715

638

461

438

461

461

416

438

551

May.

638

658

638

484

416

350

371

328

328

328

308

308

288

288

288

288

288

288

328

350

394

438

461

394

350

328

371

416

371

328

328

June.

328

328

350

416

394

438

616

749

749

654

560

466

371

371

328

328

288

308

288

288

288

288

371

416

461

484

438

394

416

438

July.

371

416

416

328

288

328

328

308

328

288

308

328

288

288

248

288

268

268

248

248

248

551

1,150

1,230

835

506

371

328

308

308

288

Aug.

328

573

862

461

371

350

328

350

371

328

308

328

416

416

371

328

308

308

268

288

268

268

248

268

268

244

248

244

248

241

244

Sept.

244

241

241

234

248

268

268

288

288

288

268

248

230

268

288

234

248

248

288

308

328

288

248

268

248

248

268

234

234

219

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 25, Dee. 10 and Dee. 13 to Mar. 24. Gage not read 

June 10-12; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of La Crosse River near We,st Salem, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 412 square miles.]

^

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

The year............ ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

371 

394 

288 

220 

250 

2,480 

2,060 

658 

749 

1,230 

862 

328

2,480

Minimum.

212 

248 

180 

130 

145 

165 

248 

288 

288 

248 

241 

219

130

Mean.

284 

306 

223 

181 

200 

529 

514 

379 

420 

397 

337 

261

336

Per 

square 

mile.

0.689 

.743 

.541 

.439 

.485 

1.28 

1.25 

.920 

1.02 

.964 

.818 

.633

.816

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.79 

.83 

.62 

.51 

.50 

1.48 

1.40 

1.06 

1.14 

1.11 

.94 

.71

11.09
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN. 105

ROOT RIVER NEAR HOUSTON, MINK.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 104 N., R. 6 W., at Mghway bridge 1 mile east of Houston, 

Houston County, 1 mile above mouth of South Root River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,560 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 28,1909, to Sept. 30,1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff bolted to the downstream side of the stone abutment, right end 

of bridge, read by Olaf Larson. Prior to June 28, 1913, gage.was attached to 

piling just above the right abutment. The datum of the present gage was changed 

slightly on date of installation to allow for slight slope in river between the two 

points.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. No well-defined control. Bed of stream is silt and fine 

sand that scours during floods and gradually fills in afterwards. Banks subject to 

overflow at stage of about 8.5 feet, the overflow at the gage attaining at times a 

width of about 5,000 feet. Floods on the South Root, which enters the main Root 

about a mile below station, at times produce considerable backwater at the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, about 11.95 feet 

March 24 (discharge estimated, because of ice, about 17,000 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated during period river was frozen over was 280 second-feet 

Feb. 12 to 22, 24 and March 4.

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded March 24, 1917; minimum stage recorded 

during open water period, 0.80 foot July 17, 1911 (discharge 267 second-feet); a 

discharge of 231 second-feet was measured by current meter on January 23,1914.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Nearest dam above station is at Rushford. As the flow is ample at all 

times for the power generated at that point, it is not held back during certain parts 

of the day, and the dam has no influence on the flow at Houston.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; change occurred in control section between June and September. Rating curve used October 1 to June 30 well 

defined between 500 and 10,500 second-feet. Daily discharge July 1 to Sept. 30 

determined by shifting-control method. Daily discharges during remainder of 

period obtained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except during 

period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for effect of 

ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Records fair except those for winter, which are subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Root River near Houston, Minn., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 19«

Feb. 21«

Mar. 28

Made by 

R. B. Kilgore.... ......

S.B. Saute.. ...........

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

2.82

3.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

320

282

2 ftQft

Date.

Sept. 27

Made by 

S. B. Souls'.. ...........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.63

3.72

2.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

759

1,170

416

Made through complete ice cover.
106 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Root River near Houston, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

468

437

468

437

437

437

407

437

437

437

437

407

468

468

468

437

437

437

437

500

468

468

437

437

533

500

500

500

500

500

500

Nov.

468

468

468

468

468

437

468

602

638

638

602

567

567

500

500

567

567

533

567

500

500

500

500

500

437

500

533

533

500

500

Dec.

474

503

471

471

468

465

468

462

462

410

405

395

390

385

380

375

375

370

360

355

350

350

350

sun

345

345

sun

340

340

340

340

Jan.

335

335

330

330

330

325

325

325

325

325

325

325

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

315

315

310

310

310

305

305

305

305

305 W;

305

Feb.

300

300

300

290

290

290

290

285

285

285

285

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

305

280

310

310

305

305

Mar.

305

295

310

280

290

315

325

345

335

370

400

435

535

500

500

515

480

470

430

516

600

675

2,230

15,000

8,000

4,740

3,000

2,160

1,750

1,530

1,420

Apr.

1,370

1,270

1,170

1,120

1,070

1,020

978

933

888

799

799

757

716

676

676

638

638

978

978

1,070

978

933

888

843

843

799

757

716

799

799

May.

888

978

1,020

933

843

799

716

716

676

638

638

602

567

567

567

533

533

533

567

567

676

716

799

757

716

676

676

638

638

638

757

June.

933

1,170

1,070

978

888

1,220

1,580

1,750

1,920

1,480

1,270

1,220

1,530

1,220

1,070

978

933

888

843

799

757

757

2,360

5,990

7,530

5,990

4,050

3,160

3,250

3,080

July.

2,230

1,920

1,580

1.370

1,'270

1,270

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,170

1,270

1,580

1,420

1,370

1,220

1,070

1,023

933

888

843

799

978

843

799

757

716

716

676

638

602

638

Aug.

602

602

567

602

602

567

567

567

602

567

567

567

567

533

533

533

500

500

500

500

468

468

533

468

437

468

468

437

437

437

437

Sept.

407

437

379

407

407

407

437

500

533

468

437

437

437

468

437

407

407

437

437

500

468

468

437

407

437

437

407

407

437

437

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1 to Mar. 25.

Monthly discharge of Root River near Houston, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,560 square miles.]

Month.

January...

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

533 

638 

503 

 335 

310 

15,000 

1,370 

1,020 

7,530 

2,230 

602 

533

15,000

Minimum.

407 

437 

340 

305 

280 

280 

638 

533 

757 

602 

437 

379

280

Mean.

459 

520 

395 

318 

289 

1,580 

897 

696 

2,020 

1,110 

523 

438

773

Per 

square 

mile.

0.294 

.333 

.253 

.204 

.185 

1.01 

.575 

.446 

1.29 

.712 

.335 

.281

.496

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.34 

.37 

.29 

.24 

.19 

1.16 

.64 

.51 

1.44 

.82 

.39 

.31

6.70
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 107

NORTH BRANCH OF ROOT RIVER NEAR LANESBORO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 103 N., R. 9 W., at first highway bridge 1 mile above junction 

of North and South branches, 3 miles north of Lanesboro, Fillmore County, and 

about 5 miles below mouth of a small creek that enters from the west.

DRAINAGE AREA. 647 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 9, 1910, to September 30, 1914; and July 16, 1915, to 

September 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage on floor of bridge, downstream side, near right bank; read by Olaf

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of the bridge, from the 

railroad bridge just above the junction with the South branch (at flood stages) or 

by wading just above the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and light gravel. A few hundred 

feet below the gage the channel is narrowed by a low island and there is a slight 

riffle that constitutes a control at low stages and is practically permanent. As 

there is more than 10 feet fall between the station and the mouth of the South 

Branch backwater from that stream is improbable. At a stage of 6 feet the river 

overflows into a former channel 1,000 feet back from the right bank. At extreme 

flood stages the right bank is overflowed to a width of a quarter of a mile.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.0 feet March 23 

(discharge estimated, because of ice, about 12,000 second-feet); minimum discharge, during period river was frozen over, February 25-28, estimated at 90 

second-feet.

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded March 23, 1917; minimum open-water 

stage recorded, 1.71 feet July 4, 1911 (discharge, 38 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Several milea above the station is a power plant that is run under a 

varying load for light and power, but inspection of the morning and evening gage 

heights indicates that the diurnal fluctuation at the gage is slight.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water of March. Rating 

curve used before change well defined between 186 and 1,350 second-feet; curve 

used after change fairly well defined between 155 and 3,400 second-feet. Gage 

read to quarter tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table except for periods in which the stage-discharge 

relation was affected by backwater from ice for which it was ascertained by applying to the rating table mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means 

of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Records fair 

except those for winter, which are subject to error.

Discharge measurements of North Branch Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 20o

Feb. 22«

Mar. 27

Made by 

"R. B. TTilgore. ........ . S. B. Soule* ............

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

2.73

2.90

4.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

113

QA

1,120

Date.

Apr. 28

Sept. 28

Made by 

S.B. Soul<§. ...........

.....do.................

&.

Feet. 

2.56

3.13

2.21

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 5f>7

616

187

a Measurement made through complete ice cover.
108 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8... ...........

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

141

151

154

164

164

138

146

133

149

154

141

151

162

192

146

159

181

154

162

141

175

154

167

175

195

189

192

209

195

192

192

Nov.

186

175

172

151

228

192

175

247

320

293

282

268

254

221

164

181

192

261

133

192

198

231

189

203

186

192

203

198

209

154

Dec.

190

180

190

180

185

175

175

185

185

78

120

160

155

165

150

1 Rn

145

145

145

145

145

145

140

140

140

135 toe

135

lOt

135

Jan.

135

135

135

135

130

130

130

130

130

125

125

125

125

120

120

120

120

120

120

115

115

115

115

115

110

110

110

110

110

110

Feb.

110

110

110

110

110

105

106

106

105

105

105

100

100

100

100

100

100

95

95

QC

95

95

90

90

on

90

Mar.

115

110

110

110

110

135

115

135

125

135

100

135

160

245

170

185

166

190

180

180

130

2,260

10,600

3,400

2,260

1.520

925

710

615

Apr.

585

420

475

475

448

420

395

370

325

285

264

246

257

268

246

229

257

278

305

348

395

420

370

326

325

325

285

285

305

348

May.

475

530

502

448

370

325

285

257

268

240

226

232

226

212

206

194

182

191

226

250

305

502

448

370

305

348

305

305

325

370

645

June.

925

678

558

448

420

678

1,080

1,580

1,210

1,000

745

1,260

1,210

710

395

305

305

325

305

285

232

197

850

6,040

3,280

2,590

1.380

1,830

1,780

1,680

July.

1.040

710

530

448

448

502

558

710

658

448

370

530

780

558

502

395

395

348

305

285

250

236

271

285

257

229

209

200

218

222

236

Aug.

215

240

194

197

191

240

271

264

240

232

226

212

226

206

206

191

182

173

161

150

155

150

155

164

158

150

145

140

128

138

145

Sept.

135

128

142

155

164

158

173

188

176

158

161

173

158

155

148

138

130

122

135

161

179

173

158

142

140

152

135

132

122

115

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 1 to Mar. 28. Gage not read Nov. 12; discharge 

interpolated.

Monthly discharge of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Month.

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

209 

320 

190 

135 

110 

10,500 

585 

645 

6,040 

1,040 

271 

188

10,500

Minimum.

133 

133 

78 

110 

90 

100 

229 

182 

197 

200 

128 

115

78

Mean.

165 

208 

153 

12] 

100 

860 

343 

325 

1,140 

420 

189 

150

349

Per 

square 

mile.

0.255 

.321 

.236 

.187 

.156 

1.33 

.530 

.502 

1.76 

.649 

.292 

.232

.539

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.29 

.36 

.27 

.22 

J6 

1.53 

.69 

.58 

1.96 

.75 

.34 

.26

7.31
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 

WISCONSIN1 RIVER AT WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS, NEAR RHINELANDER, WXS.

LOCATION. In sec. 4, T. 35 N., R. 8 E., Lincoln County, at head of Whirlpool Rapids, 

1 mile below mouth of outlet of Crescent Lake (coming in from right), and about 

3 miles downstream from power station of Rhinelander Power Co., 10 miles southwest of Rhinelander.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,160 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15, 1915, to September 30, 1917; December 1, 

1905, to September 30, 1915, for station, about 3 miles upstream.

GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder, on right bank, in wooden shelter, 

well and intake.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable 150 feet upstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream heavy gravel and rock. Banks medium 

high and not subject to overflow. Control is head of rapids, 100 feet downstream 

from gage; well denned and permanent,

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 4.15 feet at 10 

a. m. April 25 (discharge, 2,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.86 foot 

at 8.30 p. m. August 19 (discharge, 232 second-feet).

1905-1917: Maximum stage recorded 5.61 at 10:00 p. m. April 22, 1916 (discharge 5,250 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, at old station, zero during August and September, 1907, and June, 1908. Minimum flow caused almost 

entirely by regulation, and at the present station will never be zero discharge. 

Minimum discharge at new location, 1915-1917, 0.85 foot 5 p. m. August 20, 1916 

(discharge 228 second-feet).

REGULATION. Above the station are 14 reservoirs l which are operated by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co., for the purpose of regulating the flow in Wisconsin 

River. The aggregate capacity of these reservoirs is 2.8 billion cubic feet during 

the summer, and 3.6 billion cubic feet during the winter. Owing to the operation of these various storage reservoirs and the service reservoirs of three powerplants on river above this station, the flow at the station is not natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 212 and 5,410 second-feet. Recording gage not in 

operation October 17 to November 1, December 25 to March 9, and March 21-25. 

Daily discharge obtained by use of discharge integrator except for periods during 

which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice or gage was not in operation, 

for which it was obtained from discharge measurements, recording gage graph 

and observer's notes, and weather records and comparison of flow of Tomahawk 

River near Bradley and Wisconsin River at Merrill. Open-water records excellent, except those for periods when gage was not in operation, which may be considerably in error; winter records possibly poor.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis., 

during the year ending Sept. 30,1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.]

Date.

Dec. 30«... ....... ..................................................................

. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.32

3.46

2.99

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,130

795

1,600

Frazil and surface ice at control.

1 Information concerning these reservoirs, based on maps and data furnished by A. A. Babcock, manager 

of the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co., and-data collected by the Engineering Department of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, is contained in U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 405, p. 127.
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, 

Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28...............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,890

1,760

1,630

1,630

1,560

1,420

1,430

1,450

1,170

824

QCO

oaj.

1 9Qft

1,020

1,040

1,380

1, 150

1,150

1 150

1 i en

1,150 i it;n

1,150

1 it;n

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1.150

1,150

Nov.

1,300

1,360

1,400

1,320

1,300

1,070

i i%n

1,350

1 400

1^630

1 7«i

1 «;fin

1 ty\n

1,570

1,580

1,130

1,130 i Qfifl

1

QQA

1 l\ftft

1 itfVI

1,500

1,300 i 9on

1,250

1,420

707

895

Qifi

1,340

Dec.

1,370

1 '955 240

*7Sfi

QIC

1,220

1,100

Qfin

1,050

929

534

632

K'TO

754 ?j.t;

657

534

594

536

624

743

853

Q1 7

QA4

1,050

Jan.

750

Feb.

700

Mar.

700

591

636

934

857

775

729

742

730

1,050

1,040

946

702

1,020

897

864

772

865

943

Apr.

1,070

1,350

1,320

1,520

1,560

1,900

1 680

1^070

2,040

1,720

1,850

1,920

1 OKA

2,110

1,540

1 ^Ififl

1,430

1,570

1,670

2,030

2,130

2,050

2,060

2,160

2,680

2,310

2,270

2,280

2,300

2,390

May.

2,170

2,120

2,220

2,200

2,160

2,010

1,800

1,910

1,910

1,800

1,730

1,660

1,090

1.110

1,610

1,590

1,570

1,420

1,340

885

987

1,330

1,320

1 oon

1,050

049

697

942

1,110

1,130

1,190

June.

1,130

1,270

962

1,120

1,720

1,640

1,960

2,130

2,180

1,800

2,040

2,250

2,080

1,900

1,760

1,500

1,180

1,250

1,600

1,590

1,510

1,480

1,520

950

1,370

1,890

1,760

1,600

1,570

1 

' 540

July.

1,010

1,250

1,550

820

1,330

1,580

1,270

700

1.170

1,330

1,030

930

1,160

1,000

780

880

1,020

1,160

1,140 sfifl

960

650

720

710

1,100

1,170

1,030

1,040

745

590

1,020

Aug.

1,100

940

590

500

520

720

1,030

960

970

1,020

980

630

1,000

940

1,110

1,020

790

515

390

910

930

1,110

1,100

900

710

720

1,070

1,160

s7n

790

Sept.

810

520

310

640

1,080

970

740

730

500

490

780

730

610

560

580

590

510

460

410

440

480

480

600

690

1,020

690

730

820

870

600

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 13 to Apr. 1. Braced figures show mean discharge 

for periods included. Becording gage not in operation Oct. 17 to Nov. 1; discharge estimated by comparison with records of flow of Tomahawk Biver near Bradley and Wisconsin Biver at MerrilL

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Whirpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis., for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,160 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,750 

1,370

2,680 

2,220 

2,250 

1,580 

1,160 

1,080

2,680

Minimum.

895

1,070 

697 

950 

590 

390 

310

310

Mean.

1,250 

1,330 

888 

750 

700 

796 

1,870 

1,490 

1,610 

1,020 

865 

648

1,100

Per 

square 

mile.

1.08 

1.15 

.766 

.647 

.603 

.686 

1.61 

1.28 

1.39 

.879 

.746 

.559

.948

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.24 

1.28 

.88 

.75 

.63 

.79 

1.80 

1.48 

1.55 

1.01 

.86 

.62

12.89
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. Ill

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MERRILL, WIS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at east end of Merrill, Lincoln County, 1,000 feet 

below power house of Merrill plant of Wisconsin Valley Lighting Co., and half 

a mile below mouth of Prairie River, coming in from left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,630 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 17, 1902 to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed September 11, 1914; November 17, 

1902, to June 17, 1903, staff gage; June 17, 1903, to September 10, 1914, chain 

gage attached to downstream side of highway bridge; datum same since June 17, 

1903; records prior to this date questionable.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge a few feet upstream from 

the recording gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel1 and rock; nearly permanent. Small island below gage and small rapids on either side probably constitute control. Banks are fairly high,and are rarely overflowed.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.8 feet at 9.30 

a. m. April 21 (discharge, 10,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.9 feet 

at 6 a. m. July 5 (discharge, about 400 second-feet).

1912-1917: Maximum stage recorded, about 17.5 feet at 5 a. m. July 24, 1912 

(discharge, 45,000 second-feet). During the preceding 24 hours 11.25 inches of 

rain fell in the vicinity of Merrill. According to C. B. Stewart, consulting engineer, Madison, the run-off of the 700 square miles between Merrill and Tomahawk 

was at the rate of 65 second-feet per square mile. If the estimate is extended to 

the entire area above Merrill the flow was 17 second-feet per square mile. Minimum stage recorded for the period, 2.7 feet, July 7, 1910 (discharge, about 389 

second-feet).

REGULATION. Above the gaging station are 17 reservoirs, 1 which are operated by the 

Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. for the purpose of regulating the flow in 

Wisconsin River. The aggregate capacity of these reservoirs is about 6J billion 

cubic feet. In addition to the above reservoirs there are on the Wisconsin and 

Tomahawk rivers above the station eight dams operated for power.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; rating curve fairly 

well defined between 1,600 and 19,400 second-feet. Operation of water-stage 

recorder satisfactory throughout year. Daily discharge, determined by means 

of discharge integrator. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 30o

Madehy 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.78

5.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,180

1,480

Date.

Mar, 2o

July 3

 Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

height.

Feet. 

5.20

6.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,390

3,740

« About one-half of stream frozen over.

 Information concerning these reservoirs, based on maps and data furnished by the manager of the 

Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co., and data collected by the engineering department of the Wisconsin 

Railroad Commission, is contained in U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 405, p. 127.
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second feet, of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23...........'...

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

3,690

3,320

3,130

2,540

2,890

2,700

2,340

2,620

2,540

2,520

2,010

2,180

2,190

2,140

2,200

2,040

2,800

2,430

3,190

2,930

3,490

3,140

2,690

3,320

3,120

3,570

3,420

3,770

3,450

3,870 

3,550

Nov.

3,720

3,810

3,840

3,910

3,460

3,000

2,990

4,640

4,640

5,020

5,050

4,940

3,810

3,470

2,950

3,380

2,850

2,610

2,920

2,920

3,430

2,880

3,240

2,600

2,180

2,510

2,990

2 240

2,130

2,260

Dec.

2,420

2,630

2,410

2,020

2,030

1,930

2,470

2,420

1,810

1,890

1,740

1,650

1,570

1,630

1 680

2,060

1,860

1,530

1,460

1,800

1,520

1,450

1,480

1,470

1,740

1,530

1,450

1,980

2,020

1,720 

1,880

Jan.

1,720

1,480

1,320

1,500

1,640

1,300

1,400

1,240

1,220

1,410

1,580

1,500

1,520

1,420

1 450

1,350

1,630

1,370

1,760

1,580

1,370

1,350

1,440

1,620

1,630

1,510

1,560

1 560

1,320

1,470 

1,600

Feb.

1,620

1,640

1,600

1,620

1,560

1,500

1,740

1,520

1,630

1,640

1,530

1,490

1,470

1,480

1,490

1,430

1,420

1,390

1,530

1,570

1,630

1,590

1,650

1,530

1,590

1,460

1,590

1,560

.......

Mar.

1,580

1,410

1,470

1,520

1,180

1,410

1,470

1,430

1,320

1,360

1,410-

1,570

1,630

1,680

1,970

1,720

1,810

1,770

1,780

2,080

2,520

2,090

2,490

2,690

2,760

2,310

2,460

2,540

2,270

2,480

Apr.

3,230

3,560

4,590

5,330

5,100

5,350

5,840

5,880

6,550

7,480

6,410

7,300

7,880

7,230

5,840

4,770

4,810

5,030

6,100

7,440

9,480

9,920

9,140

7,820

7,310

7,540

6,520

7,040

7,440

8,180

May.

8,850

8,950

8,160

7,760

7,110

6,590

5,590

5,370

4,630

4,300

4,000

3,720

3,340

2,790

3,060

3,240

2,920

2,920

3,100

2,930

2,600

2,750

2,980

2,790

2,680

2,540

2,460

1,460

2,090

2,200 

2,300

June.

2,730

2,380

2,840

2,120

3,370

4,950

6,640

7,510

7,300

6,320

4,600

4,750

4,670

4,250

3,960

3,420

3,040

2,900

2,940

3,140

3,190

2,840

2,860

2,690

2,460

3,770

3,810

3,370

3,420

3,190

July.

3,320

2,150

2,960

3,060

1,520

2,610

2,940

2,410

1,590

2,630

2,270

2,420

1,980

2,250

2,080

1,850

2,050

1,700

2,230

1,840

2,050

1,760

1,350

1,920

1,780

1,770

1,660

1,920.

1,850

1,740 

1,750

Aug.

1,740

1,870

1,880

1,890

2,250

1,520

2,110

2,450

2,100

2,080

2,020

1,890

1,550

2,050

1,990

2,170

1,930

1,880

2,970

1,420

1,580

1,700

1,830

2,040

1,830

1,720

2,190

1,900

1,990

1,950 

2,040

Sept..

1,840

1,940

1,420

1,720

2,440

2,360

2,010

1,990

1,990

1,600

1,360

1,800

2,000

1,930

2,150

2,010

1,470

1,660

1,910

1,750

1,830

1,770

1,920

1,240

1,250

1,990

1,720

1,570

1,850

2,000

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Apr. 4. Discharge for Oct. 23. Nov. 14, Dec. 18, 

20-23, 29, Jan. 4-6, Feb. 17,18, Aug. 13-18, based on gage heights for less than 24-hour period.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 2,630 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,870 

5,050 

2,630 

1,760 

1,740 

3,120 

9,920 

8,950 

7,510 

3,320 

2,970 

2,440

9,920

Minimum.

2,010 

2,130 

1,450 

1,220 

1,420 

1,180 

3,230 

1,460 

2,120 

1,350 

1,420 

1,240

1,180

Mean.

2,900 

3,350 

1,850 

1,480 

1,550 

1,910 

6,540 

4,070 

3,850 

2,110 

1,950 

1,820

2,780

Per 

square 

mile.

1.10 

1.27 

.703 

.563 

.589 

.726 

2.49 

1.55 

1.46 

.802 

.741 

.692

1.06

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.27 

1.42 

.81 

.65 

.61 

.84 

2.78 

1.79 

1.63 

.92 

.85 

.77

14.34
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 113

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR NEKOOSA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 21 N., R. 5 E., 14 miles below Nekoosa, Wood County. 

Tenmile Creek enters from left about 4 miles below station, and Big Roche a 

Cri Creek, also from left, about 38 miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,500 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 21, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed July 18, 1916, in wooden shelter on 

right bank; prior to that date Gurley water-stage recorder at same location. 

Gage attended by Henry Mans. »

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable a short distance upstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; clean; practically permanent. Banks are high 

and are rarely overflowed.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 10.02 feet at 10 p. m. April 

5 (discharge, 24,700 second-feet); minimum discharge, 835 second-feet January 10. 

1914-1917: Maximum stage, as determined by levels run to high-water marks 

after water had receded, about 15.3 feet during the flood of June 6 to 9, 1914 

(discharge, 54,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.45 foot at 11 a. m. 

October 7, 1915 (discharge, 595 second-feet). Minimum flow is due to regulation.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. No storage reservoirs discharging into Wisconsin River between 

Nekoosa and Merrill. See "Regulation" in station description of Wisconsin 

River at Merrill (p. 111). Between Nekoosa and Merrill are 12 dams operated 

for power.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge .relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 1,160 and 52,100 second-feet. Operation 

of water-stage recorder satisfactory; except October 1 and November 22. Daily 

discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator, except December 15 to 

March 29, for which it wate obtained by applying to rating table, mean daily gage 

height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, recording 

gage records, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records excellent; .winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. la

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.55

3.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,580

2,220

Date.

July 10

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.17

2.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,520

3,860

o Complete ice cover. 

96719° 19 WSP 455 8
114 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PABT V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

18..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

9^

24.............. 91;

26..............

97

9Q

20..............

Qrt

31..............

Oct.

6,410

6,120

5,200

4,890

4,750

3,960

4,120

3,780

3

Afif\

3 om

4 14J1

4,190

3,480

3 74fl

S ftfifl

2,910

3,800

4,290

4,300

4,590

5,050

4 5un

4 880

5,210

5,280

t»,250

6,330

6,340

6,560

Nov.

7,130

6 74.0

6,360

6,480

6,530

6,580

6,380

5,430

6,630

10,200

11,000

10,300

8,900

7,120

5,370

5,130

4,970

4,880

5,340

5,430

4,920

4,970

5,340

5,260

4,300

3 (ion

4 440

3* 75A

5 040

4,b70

Dec.

4,400

4,300

3

QQA

4,070

4,220

4,210

3,620

3,860

3,640

2

QQA

3 CAA

3 9iiO

3,080

2

CAfl

3,820

3 AQO

3

7QA

3,650

3 440

2

' wtn3,370

3,370

3,170

3 isn

2,580

3 Q1O

9 J3O

1,780

2

7qn

2

cqrt

2

KR(\

Jan.

2,850

2,380

2

e/Yl

2,450

2 440

2 *?nn

1,720

2

QQA

1,430

I

CQft

i Ann

2,160

1,^50

2,180

2

CQA

1,680

2,170

2

0^0

2

Q7A

1 040

2

oen

2,660

1,?60

2,510

9 QOft

2,450

2 fion

2 480

2*710

1,550

2,090

Feb.

2,630

2,780

2

V Zf\

2

7QA

3,100

2 son

9 i^^A

2

OQA

2,820 9 cin

2

ocn

2 PIAA

1 760

2^480

2

7QA

9 AW

9 "33O

2,670

2,120

1,670

2 970

2,530

2,120

2,310

9 Q^Ul

2

Q1 A

1 *>30

2^040

Mar.

1,800

2 Knn

I

ClfiA

2

AKf\

2

/vui

2,070

2

f\Kf\

2,400

3,160

2 400

o QQO

2,100

O AJ.fl

2 470

2^370

3

AnA

2,670

2,720

3,300

2,550

2 7AO

3,060

3

OKO

3

OATI

4,110

6 /VIA

7,050

8 840

9* mo

10,000

11,600

Apr.

12,600

14,400

17,^00

21 200

23,600

20,400

20,200

17,100

16,300

16,800

17,700

15,700

1Q Tftfl

10,500 IQ 7nn

16,100 1C nnn

19.400

18,400

1 { QAA

IQ snn

I2,eno

12,700

19 Gftft

14,500

May.

16,500

lb,700 IQ firm

17 KflA

IK AAft

12,900

11,000

O 7flfl

8,470

7 son

6.P60

6,700

6,380

5,750

5,180

4,770

4,790

4, MX)

4, *70

4,580

5,250

4,970

4,670

4 480

4^610

4,550

4,210

4,320

6,840

3, 560

3,600

Jane.

3,280

4. ISO

4 480

4, 600

4 680

5,080

8,480 io inn

18,100

18,100

15,000

10,SOO

8,410

8,170

7 130

6

sr>fi

5 °80

5^700

4,700

4

QAH

4,400

4 fi40

4*550

4,210

4,470

4

QQA

4,700

5,060

5,330

4,600

July.

4,450

5,180

4,570

3,430

4,370

4 *>AS\

3,450

3,060

3, 8r 0

4,110

4,620

3

fWA

3, CIO

3 71fl

3

nof\

3,050

3,250

3, 550

3 ^70

3,420

2 (un

2,410

2,860

2,790

3,710

3,350

2 7fin

2 onn

2,450

2 3VI

2,430

Aug.

3,150

3,3SO

3 040

2^500

2 4fifi

2,860

1 740

2 ' 1RI\

3,480

4,020

3 7nn

3,710

3,310

4,580

S Qfif)

4 040

5,400

4,300

3,400

3,190

3,2SO

2,970

2,970

3,120

2,450

2 7ftO

2,200

2,840

2,960

2,910

Sept.

2,760

2 600

31,220

2 ft3TI

2,800

2,450

2 0on

3,730

3,700

2,870

2 djn

2,780

2,790

2,820

2,860

3 240 3' 010

3,160

3,030

2,680

2,520

2,160

1,740

2,500

2

QAA

2 inn

2,430

2 660

2*530

 2,530

NOTE. Sta?e-disehars;e relation affected by ice Dec. 15 to Mar. 29. Gage not operating satisfactorily 

Oct. 1, Nov. 22; discharge partly estimated.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

80, 1917.

[Drainage area, 5,500 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,560 

11,000 

4,400 

2,880 

3,100 

11,600 

23,600 

19,000 

18,100 

5,180 

5,900 

3,730

23,600

Minimum.

2,910 

3,690 

1,780 

1,430 

1,530 

1,800 

9,440 

3,560 

3,280 

2,330 

1,740 

1,740

1,430

Mean.

4,620 

6,110 

3,360 

2,220 

2,450 

3,830 

16,100 

7,710 

6,930 

3,430 

. 3,350 

2,740

5,230

Per

so v are 

mile.

0.840 

1.11 

.611 

.404 

.445 

.696 

2.93 

1.40 

1.26 

.624 

.609 

.498

.951

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0-97 

1.24 

.70 

.47 

.46 

.80 

3.27 

1.61 

1.41 

.72 

.70 

.56

12.91
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN". 115

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MUSCODA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 8 N., B. 1 W., at highway bridge 1 mile north of Muscoda, 

Grant County. Eagle Mill Creek enters from right about half a mile below station, 

and Underwood Creek from left about 4J miles above.

DRAINAGE AREA. 10,300 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin 

Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 21, 1902, to December 31, 1903; December 4, 1913, 

to September 30, 1917. Gage heights November 1, 1908, to December 31, 1912, 

published in United States Weather Bureau bulletin, Daily River Stages, parts 

9, 10, and 11.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to hand railing on upstream side of bridge; read by 

William Hessler. Elevation of zero of present gage about 12.62 feet above that 

of gage maintained December 20, 1902, to December 3, 1913, elevation of gage 

during period November, 1908, to December 3, 1913, as read and published by 

United States Weather Bureau was about the same as that of present gage, sealevel elevation of which is 666.2 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 6.95 feet April 11 

(discharge 32,800 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 3,400 second-feet 

February 12.

1903 and 1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 22.70 feet September 23, 

1903, corresponding to 10.1 feet for present gage datum (discharge, about 60,500 

. second-feet); minimum stage recorded 0.7 foot December 2, 1914, and 5 p. m. 

July 24, 1915 (discharge about 3,140 second-feet).

According to the records of the United States Weather Bureau 1 (see note 

under "Gage") on June 11, 1881, the river reached a stage of 11.1 feet and during 

August, 1868, zero on gage; discharge not computed owing to possible changes in 

channel and datum of gage.

REGULATION. Nearest power plant above station is at Prairie du Sac, about 40 miles 

distant; since the last part of 1915 considerable diurnal fluctuation has been 

observed at the gage. Owing to regulation by storage in the headwaters the flow 

at this station is not natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice. Rating curve 

used during 1917, fairly well defined between 5,200 and 45,000 second-feet. 

Gage read to quarter-tenths twice a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for periods when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating table 

mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good, except 

for extreme high and low stages, for which they are fair; winter records roughly 

approximate.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 15a

July 31

Made by 

E.L.Wllliams................ ...........................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.30

3.25

2.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4 390

4' 060

7,230

a Complete ice cover.

i U. S. Dept. Agr., Daily river stages, pt. 10, p.
116 STJKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Bay.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

IS..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

8,140

8,140

8,900

10, 100

12,200

9,300

7,400

7,760

7,400

6,700

6,700

6,700

6,700

6,^80

5,200

5,200

5,480

6,060

7,400

7,400

7,760

6,700

6,060

7,040

8 900

9 700

9

Qf|fl

10,100

10,100 

8,900

10,900

Nov.

11,800

10,100

8,520

10,500

11,800

11,300

10,500

10,100

10,500

10,900

10,900

8,900

10,100

13,500

14,800

13,500

8,900

7,400

9,700

9,700

10,500

10,900

11,300

11,300

8,140

9,300

8,140

8,520

8,520 

8,520

Dec.

9,700

10,500

10,500

8,900

7,760

8,140

7,760

8,140

7,760

7^400

7,760

8,520

7,040

5,480

5,200

5,200

4,940

& Q4n

4,940

4,940

4,940

4 940

4' 940

4,690

4,690

4.690

4,690

4,690

4,450

4,450

Jan.

4,450

4,450

4,450

4,450

4,450

4,450

4,450

3,790

4,220

4,220

, 4,450

4,220

3,790

4,450

3,590

4,000

4,220

d 4WI

4,450

4,000

4,000

3. 790

4^000

4,220

4,450

4,220

4,000

4,000

3,590

4 OOft

4,000

Feb.

3 7on

4,000

3,790

3,790

3,790

4,000

4,000

4,000

3,790

4,000

3,790

3,400

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,000

3 *7Qft

3 *100

4,000

4,220

4,000

4,000

3 *7Qfl

4,000

3 £on

3 7on

4,000

.......

Mar.

4,220

4,000

3,590

3,590

3,590

4,000

4,450

4,940

4,940

4,940

6,380

7,040

7,040

7,760

7,040

8,900

9,700

7,400

7,040

8,140

10,500

13,000

15,300

17 700

1?' 200

17,200

17,700

17 200

17' 700

Oft Qflfl

21,400

Apr.

23,100

23,100

19,700

21,400

23,100

24,400

25,700

27,100

30,000

31,600

31,600

30,800

30,000

27,800

25,700

20,800

21,900

23,100

23,800

19,700

18,700

18,200

18,700

21,400

00 1(\f\

9* inn

26,400

OK 7ftfl

25,700 

20,800

May.

20,300

19, 'ZOO

19,700

21,900

22,500

24,400

25,100

26,400

25,700

19,700

16,700

14,800

14,800

12,600

10,100

12,200

12,200

11,300

10,500

8,900

9,700

11,800

10,900

8,900

9 inn

10,900

11,300

10,500

10,900 

10,100

9,300

June.

9,700

9,300

9,700

10,900

10,500

10,100

12,iOO

14,400

13,000

13,000

14,400

19,700

21.900

25,100

26,400

20,800

14,400

12,600

14,400

14,400

10,100

8,140

10,900

13,000

20,300

17 700

13' 900

1C, 500

14,800 

14,400

July.

14,800

13,000

12,200

12,200

12,600

13,000

11,800

8,900

8,900

7,760

8,140

8,520

8,520

7,400

7,400

6,380

6,700

7,400

7,400

7,040

6,700

7,760

8,520

10.500

9 <*no

7,760

7,760

7,010

7,040 

6,380

7,040

Aug.

7,040

6,700

6,380

6,060

6,380

5,480

6,380

7,040

6,700

6,700

6,060

6,060

5,480

5,760

7/040

9,300

7 400

5,760

6,380

8,140

11,300

8,520

6,700

6,700

6,700

6,700

6,060

6,380

5,760 

6.060

5,200

Sept.

4,940

4,940

4,940

5,200

5,480

6,060

6,060

6,380

6,700

6,060

6,380

6,060

6,380

6,700

6,060

6,380

5,760

6,060

6,380

6,700

6,700

6,060

6,380

5,200

5,760

6,060

5,480

4,940

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 15 to Mar. 25.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., for tlie year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 10,300 square miles.]

Month.

November ....................................

March..

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,200 

14,800 

10,500 

4,450 

4,2:0 

21,400 

31,600 

26,400 

26,400 

14,800 

11,300 

6,700

31,600

Minimum.

5,200 

7,400 

4,450 

3,590 

3,400 

3,590 

18,200 

8,900 

8,140 

6,380 

5,200 

4,940

3,400

Mean,

7,890 

10,300 

6,360 

4,180 

3,890 

9,820 

24,300 

14,900 

14,500 

8-,,900 

6,720 

5,900

9,810

Per

square 

mile.

0.766 

1.00 

.617 

.406 

.378 

.953 

2.36 

1.45 

1.41 

.864 

.652 

.573

.952

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.88 

1.12 

.71

.47 

.39 

1.10 

2.63 

1.67 

1.57 

1.00 

.75 

.64

12.93
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVEE BASIN. 117

TOMAHAWK BIVEB. NEAR BRADLEY, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 36 N., R. 6 E., 2 miles west of Cassion, 4 miles north of 

Bradley, Oneida County, 4 miles downstream from mouth of Bearskin Creek 

(coming in from right), and 8 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 422 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 18, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to cantilever arm on the right bank; read by Frank 

Sutherland.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable half a mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage and a short distance below, sandy and likely 

to shift. Control is formed by rapids about 2,000 feet below gage. Bed at cable 

section heavy gravel; permanent. When a head of 15 feet is maintained in Rice 

Lake storage dam, in sections 4 and 9, T. 35 N., R. 6 E., backwater will extend 

halfway up the rapids which are below the gage, and may affect the discharge 

relation. The maximum head maintained during year at the reservoir was 13 

feet 1 inch, during July 21, which apparently did not affect the control for the

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 4.31 feet at 7.25

a. m. April 22 (discharge, 927 second-feet); mininfrnm stage, 1.72 feet at 6.45 a. m.

September 12 (discharge, 229 second-feet). 

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 6.88 feet April 24, 1916 (discharge, 2,190

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, September 12, 1917. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

REGULATION. The following reservoirs are maintained upstream from the station

for the purpose of regulating the flow in the Wisconsin River. 

Dams and reservoirs on Tomahawk River.

Name.

Squirrel. . . 

Minocqua.

Total.

Location of reservoir.

T.39N., R.5E....... 

Tps. 38-40 N., Rs. 6-7 E.

Location of dam.

Sec.30,T.39N.,R.5E. 

Sec.lO,T.39N.,R.6E.

Area of 

reservoir.

Sq. mi. 

3.00 

11.31

14.31

Drainage 

area.

Sq. mi. 

17.07 

81.60

98.67

Capacity (millions 

of cubic feet).

Summer.

152 

291

443

Winter.

152 

651

803

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve well denned between 240 and 1,970 second-feet. Gage read 

to hundredths. twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean 

daily gage* height to rating table, except for periods in which stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating 

table mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records good 

except for extremely low stages for which they are fair; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.].

Pate.

Feb. la.....................

3B.

Feet. 

3.10

3.02

Pischarge.

Sec.-ft. 

378

340

Date. £B.

feet. 

3.32

3.62

Pischarge.

Sec.-ft. 

306

oas

Complete ice cover.
118 SURFACE WATER, SUPPLY, 191*7, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

516

488

474

460

447

434

434

421

421

421

421

421

474

488

488

502

574

589

589

589

589

574

559

544

589

619

619

619

619

604

604

Nov.

604

604

589

559

544

516 -516

589

666

681

681

666

wo

295

396

604

666

666

604

574

559

502

502

502 47>;

475

460

460

502

544

Dec.

566

ISO

546

502

488

516

488

474

474

516

502

502

516

502

4.QA

47 c

44c

420

410

395

385

385

370

370

370

370

370

370

370

360

345

Jan.

350

365

360

355

letfl

340

340

345

"Vtfl

QCK

350

QOC

Qlrt

OftA

290

320

OCA

360

375

3<ui

oqrt

340

345

QJA

330

345

355

350 idt\

340

Feb.

340

340

345

360

380

365

350

350

355

360

360

360 3fif>

34>;

335

340

345 3<V1

350

340

330

3<?ft

330

330

33ft

340

345

320

Mar.

295

310

325

320

320

310

305

315

325

330

340

350

360

380

3Q1

380

370

370

370

365

360

385

410

410

41 1

400

390

480

565

595

625

Apr.

640

650

610

575

582

589

596

604

619

681

79&

780

763

746

681

650

634

681

763

850

923

923

923

886

291

798

746

730

730

798

May.

815

850

850

815

780

746

713

681

650

619

589

559

WQ

516

488

474

460

460

474

488

488

474

447

421

408

396

384

372

365

363

408

June.

460

474

460

460

488

516

619

697

713

713

686

601

W4

544

530

502

488

516

544

544

544

530

544

574

634

681

681

681

681

650

July.

604

574

530

502

474

488

516

516

502

474

460

474

474

460

434

408

396

372

338

332

318

300

293

293

293

282

271

261

255

249

246

Aug.

243

240

246

248

273

278

295

322

328

322

308

293

285

2SO

293

320

316

300

300

280

275

268

268

271

271

278

308

326

308

284

268

Sept.

265

258

252

248

246

246

243

242

237

234

232

232

268

345

384

384

849

328

826

324

320

314

310

304

304

340

384

396

384

384

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 25-27 and Dec. 15 to Apr. 5. Gage not read, discharge interpolated, Nov. 29, Dec. 1, 3, and Apr. 7.

Monthly discharge of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 422 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

January. ......................................

March. ........................................

July...........................................

August ................................... .....

The year. . ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

619 

681 

589 

375 

380 

625 

923 

850 

713 

604 

328 

396

923

Minimum.

421 

295 

345 

290 

320 

295 

291 

363 

460 

246 

240 

232

232

Mean.

522 

552

448 

342 

346 

383 

708 

552 

577 

400 

237 

303

452

-Per 

square 

mile.

1.24 

1.31 

1.06 

.810 

.820 

.908 

1.68 

1.31 

1.37 

.948 

.680 

.718

1.07

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.43 

1.46 

1.22 

.93 

.85 

1.05 

1.87 

1.51 

1.53 

1.09 

.78 

.80

14.52

PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MERRILL, WIS.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 20 and 29, T. 32 N., R. 7 E., at highway bridge 

4$ miles northeast of Merrill, Lincoln County, and about 5$ miles above mouth 

of river. Haymeadow Creek enters from left about 5 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 164 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 18, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read by Mrs. Meta Krause.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low stages made by wading; at medium and high 

stages from downstream side of bridge to which gage is attached.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVEK BASIN. 119

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel; clean and free from vegetation. 

Left bank high, not subject to overflow; both banks wooded. Control not well 

defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.0 feet June 8 

(discharge, 870 second-feet); minimum discharge about 80 second-feet January 

11, 12, and 16.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 6.1 feet April 22, 1916 (discharge, 2,290 

second-feet); minimum discharge, 72 second-feet, by discharge measurement 

January 4, 1915. Absolute minimum occurred during winter period 1914-15, 

and was probably somewhat less than 72 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined between 

103 and 2,200 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths once a day. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table, except for periods 

in which stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained 

by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice 

by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records excellent; winter records good.

Discharge measurements of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

Date. Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

&,

Feet. 

2.10

1.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

88

86

Date.

Mar. 2«

July 4

Made by 

K.L.Williams.........

R. B. Kilgore..........

&L

Feet. 

1.92

1.97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

01

132

a Control partly frozen over.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23 .. .

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

366

278

244

212

184

172

159

148

159

148

148

137

159

159

159

159

184

198

198

184

198

19S

, 198

212

212

212

228

244

313

348

402

Nov.

384

366

278

244

212

184

159

458

458

496

384

348

313

244

261

278

212

212

212

184

159

159

159

184

160

170

175

180

184

159

Dec.

148

133

133

137

137

172

159

148

137

125

120

115

110

110

105

105

105

100

100

95

95

95

90

on

90

on

90

on

on

90

95

Jan.

85

85

85

85

90

85

85

85

90

85

80

80

85

85

85

80

85

85

85

oe

85

85

85

on

on

90

85

85

85

85

85

Feb.

85

90

90

90

90

90

90

95

95

90

90

90

on

90

90

95

95

95

95

95

90

90

90

90

on

90

90

90

Mar.

90

90

90

90

95

90

95

95

100

95

100

95

95

95

95

100

95

95 100

110

110

130

135

155

159

184

184

184

184

212

278

Apr.

313

402

535

655

244

421

535

313

458

614

614

781

781

655

496

384

348

384

458

535

614

655

696

535

458

440

421

4OA

574

574

May.

614

574

535

496

440

384

348

296

278

278

244

184

212

198

184

184

184

184

244

278

278

244

228

212

184

172

159

137

137

159

159

June.

159

159

184

313

348

614

825

870

825

870

825

870

614

458

278

212

184

198

184

184

184

159

159

159

212

244

228

919

919

184

July.

172

172

133

122

118

128

122

128

128

118

118

128

128

118

115

118

110

110

110

110

106

101

101

O7

89

93

103

103

106

103

Aug.

106

101

93

93

184

184

184

212

212

184

159

137

133

122

118

115

106

106

110

115

110

110

106

110

110

115

122

128

133

122

115

Sept.

110

110

115

110

159

184

184

148

148

1 f^O

I CQ

159

159

159

1*7

198

122

199

106

106

103

103

103

106

106

110

106

103

NOTE Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 25-28 and Dec. 10 to Mar. 24.
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 164 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

May...........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

402 

496 

172 

. 90 

95 

278 

781 

614 

870 

172 

212 

184

870

Minimum.

137 

159 

90 

80 

85 

90 

244 

137 

159 

89 

93 

103

' 80

Mean.

210 

253 

113 

85.3 

91.1 

123 

513 

271 

371 

116 

131 

130

200

Per

square 

mile.

1.28 

1.54 

.689 

.520 

.555 

.750 

3.13 

1.65 

2.26 

.707 

.799 

.793

1.22

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.48 

1.72 

.79 

.60 

.58 

.86 

3.49 

1.90 

2.52 

.82 

.92 

.88

16.56

EATT CLAIRE RIVER AT KELLY, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 13, T. 28 N., R. 8 E., at highway bridge three-quarters of a mile 

below Kelly, Marathon County, about a mile above mouth of Big Sandy Creek, 

which enters from right, and 4J miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 326 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read by W. 

Woolsey.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading 

below bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and rock; gage is in the 

rapids which form the control. Banks medium high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.22 feet at 10 

a. m. April 4 (discharge, 1,310 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 50 

second-feet for several days in January.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 5.1 feet April 22 and 23, 1916 (discharge, 

3,270 second-feet); mimimum open-water stage recorded, 0.45 foot, August 13, 14, 

15, Oct. 2 and 3, 1914 (discharge, about 40 second-feet). Discharge January 14, 

17, and 18,1916, estimated at 40 second-feet; minimum for winter period probably 

somewhat below this figure.

ACCURACY^. Stage-discharge relation permanent, except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 71 and 3,150 second-feet. Gage read to quarter 

tenths twice daily except Sundays. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table, except for periods in which stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which it was obtained by applying to rating 

table mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, aud weather records. Discharge for practically 

all Sundays interpolated. Open-water recouds good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917 ~

Date.

Dec. 29«

Jan. 31"

Made by 

E.L. Williams.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.36

1.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

71

68

Date.

July 2

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

R. B. Kilgore. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.33

1.25'

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

67

199

a Almost complete ice cover.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 121

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.... ..........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20............ .

Zl'. ............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

358

300

252

227

182

199

185

168

132

152

155

158

1 f^S

129

158

160

182

179

224

224

OO J.

ooc

238

340

son

443

457

471

528

Nov.

499

413

390

340

340

340

310

355

647

647

617

458

300

284

255

284

287

261

238

210

224

216

210

188

202

215

207

207

182

Dec.

^ 210

9fU

196

188

155

199

216

213

91 fi

183

150

171

155

155

140

i **n

115

115

 105

105

100

QC

95

oc

80

80

757s;

70

70

70

Jan.

60

60

60

65

65

65

55

55

I 1!

in

50

50

50

11

55

50

50s;i

55

55

50

50

en

50

50

50

55

CE

60

70

70

Feb.

65

65

70

70

70

65

65

65

65

70

70

70

70

70

80

80

70

80

QK

85

80

80

80

on

80

85

on

an

Mar.

70

70

65

65

65

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

75

71

80

80

80

80

85

85

01

110

110

160

215

325

310

OQC

380

660

Apr.

670

677

990

1,290

1,290

1,210

1,210

1,070

925

son

862

Q«O

769

617

Kon

443

416

443

617

738

990

990

990

S

ftO

738

647

617

708

Q91

May.

990

990

862

677

587

488

390

340

320

300

267

250

236

221

221

_210

204

199

207

222

238

235

227

216

179

182

222

261

oc;n

196

179

June.

193

213

228

244

263

416

1,130

1,210

1,210

914

617

528

340

300

255

OOQ

216

193

188

185

165

150

155

163

171

177

179

171

168

158

July.

176

193

171

139

139

147

139

147

155

139

129

132

129

116

104

129

104

104

94

104

116

129

119

104

93

93

QK

85

QK

87

Aug.

102

114

104

93

94

96

114

210

213

193

158

300

443

390

210

168

150

129

116

104

104

112

116

100

93

106

119

194

-KM

89

85

Sept.

93

91

94

102

142

252

204

177

153

129

129

114

129

145

141

Tin

155

129

116

116

106

104

Oi

85

85

89

<M

oe

ftf;

QK

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 13, to Apr. 2. No gage readings Oct. 1, 8, 15, 22, 

29, Nov. 5,12, 19, 23, Bee. 3, 10, 17, 24, Apr. 8, 15, 22, 29, May 6, 13, 20, 27, June 3,10,17, 24, July 1, 8,15, 

22, 29, Aug. 5,12,19, 26, Sept. 2, 9,16, 23, 30; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Eau Claire River at Kelly', Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 326 square miles.l

Month*

April. .........................................

July...........................................

The vear. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

528 

647 

216 

70 

85 

660 

1,290 

990 

1,210 

193 

443 

252

1.290

Minimum.

129 

182 

 70 

50 

65 

65 

416 

179 

150 

85 

85 

85

50

Mean.

243 

320 

136 

55.6 

74.1 

135 

824 

341 

358 

123 

150 

123

240

Per

square 

mile.

0.745 

.982 

.417 

.171. 

.227 

.414 

2.53 

1.05 

1.10 

.377 

.480 

.377

.736

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.86 

1.10 

.48 

.20 

.24 

.48 

2.82 

1.21 

1.23 

.43 

.53 

.42

10.00

BIG EATJ PLEHTE RIVER NEAR STRATFORD, WIC.

LOCATION. In sec. 13, T. 27 N., R. 3 E., at highway bridge at a place known locally 

as Weber Farm, about 2 miles north of Stratford, Marathon County, about 1 mile 

above Chicago & North Western Railway bridge. Dill Creek enters from right 

about 5 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 223 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 24, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE, Sloping gage, reading from 1.0 to 15.6 feet, on right bank of the river, and 

vertical staff gage, reading from 15 to 18 feet, at upper end of sloping gage; read 

by Christian Weber.
122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading about 1,000 feet below gage or from 

the highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and rock; control at head of 

rapids 400 feet below gage. Both banks at gage are high and will be overflowed 

only at stage of about 15 feet and above.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during open-water period of 

year 7.42 feet at 6.30 a. m. April 4 (discharge, 3,670 second-feet); minimum openwater discharge, 11 second-feet December 22-30.

1914-1917: Maximum recorded stage 8.85 feet at 6 p. m. April 21, 1916 (discharge, 5,540 second-feet); minimum discharge, 3.0 second-feet, by currentmeter measurement February 5, 1915. The flood of.June, 1914, reached a 

maximum height of 20.7 feet as determined by levels run to high-water marks.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve fairly well defined between 5 and 4,000 second-feet; gage 

read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge obtained by applying mean 

daily gage height to rating table; estimated December 5-10, 31 and April 1-3 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice. High-stage records good; 

records for medium and low stage fair.

Discharge measurements of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. 80,1917.

[Made by R. B. Kilgore.)

Date.

A nor 04.

btt.

Feet. 

6.42

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 2 tit^n

20

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9. .........:................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24. ................. .........

25. ..........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

162

120

81

61

57

57

57

49

49

49

49

49

55

57

57

49

49

49

40

40

40

40

40

40

87

272

205

167

180

OTO

217

Nov.

280

223

192

403

310

230

188

1,260

1,570

780

518

310

230

162

162

132

103

87

77

77

73

67

73

98

81

57

65

55

57

67

Dec.

57

49

49

49

45

45

45

45

45

43

,34

28

22

22

22

18

18

18

14

14

14

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

10

Apr.

3.000

3,000

3.000

3,090

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,330

1,040

840

1,110

840

694

470

327

260

247

327

694

1,040

1,040

780

494

344

295

269

566

694

780

1,110

May.

1,110

840

470

327

241

182

145

123

105

83

75

60

55

47

40

40

33

31

36

40

44

63

63

55

50

33

31

29

25

25

36

June.

47fin

63

69

310

642

2,210

1,490

720

382

215

175

112

75

60

44

36

33

31

27

25

22

22

22

27

31

27

22

22

18

July.

25

27

19

17

15

18

22

19

17

15

17

22

19

17

15

15

15

15

19

27

19

24

182

123

55

31

24

18

17

13

12

Aug.

18

31

27

19

55

83

55

195

134

69

44

31

44

33

27

24

19

18

22

40

31

24

22

18

18

18

17

J5

15

15

12

Sept.

i*>

12

19

12

24

OK

22

10

17

15

15i?

15

15

25

22

1 Q

18

15

15

15

13

12

12

12

12

 12

12

12

12
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 123

Monthly discharge of Big Eau Pletne River near Stratford, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 223 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

272 

1.570 

57 

3,090 

1,110 

2,210 

182 

195 

25

Minimum .

40 

55 

10 

247 

25 

18 

12 

12 

12

Mean.

89.1 

266 

26.8 

1,100 

146 

235 

28.8 

38.5 

15.5

Per

square 

mile.

0.400 

1.19 

.120 

4.93 

.655 

1.05 

.129 

.173 

.070

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.46 

1.33

.14 

5.50 

.76 

1.17 

.15 

.20

:os

PLOVER RIVER NEAR STEVENS POINT, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 24 N., R. 8 E., Portage County, at Fast Waters highway 

bridge, 5 miles northeast of Stevens Point and 7 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 136 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 5, 1914, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Metal vertical staff gage bolted to left abutment, downstream side of bridge; 

read by C. A. Van Order.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of heavy gravel and small rock; permanent 

and free from vegetation. At high stages both banks will be overflowed around 

the bridge. Control not well defined but is probably small rapids below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.55 feet at 8 a. m. 

May 1 (discharge, 452 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 45 second-feet, 

February 5-7.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 4.75 feet, June 5, 1914 (discharge, about 

1,570 second-feet); minimum discharge estimated 45 second-feet, February 5-7,. 

1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Two dams are used in connection with grist mills above the station, 

but the plants have little pondage so that the flow at the gage, except for brief 

periods, is nearly natural.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent, except as affected by ice. 

Rating curve used October 1 to April 2 well denned between 116 and 1,370 

second-feet; curve used April 3 to September 30 fairly well defined from 105 to 

1,370 second-feet. Gage read to quarter tenths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table; except during 

periods when stage-discharge relation is affected by ice, for which it was ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for effect of 

ice by results of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Open-water records fair, except for extremely low stages, when diurnal fluctuation 

may cause some error; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 2o

Made by 

E.L. Williams.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.52

, 2.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

75

86

Date.

July 9

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.89

1.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Oft

128

Complete ice cover.
124 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

2..............

3..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11. .............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.. ...........

30..............

31.......:......

Oct.

173

153

153

134

144

144

116

134

134

144

125

134

173

144

134

144

134

134

125

163

153

153

163

153

173

163

153

173

194

153

Nov.

144

184

184

184

173

216

173

205

216

216

194

194

185

175

165

145

125

163

168

173

163

153

173

184

174

163

Dec.

178

194

178

163

148

134

134

134

117

100

95

95

90

85

85

85

100

110

105

100

110

125

120

115

100

85

85

85

80

70

70

Jan.

75

70

70

95

120

110

95

90

80

80

75

70

70

65

60

 60

60

65

60

60

65

70

60

55

55

55

50

55

60

60*;(!

Feb.

60

70

70

55

45

45

45

50

50

60

70

75

70

70

75

80

80

80

75

70

70

75

8(1

85

80

75

80

90

Mar.

90

90

90

95

80

80

807*;

80

85

90

90

100

115

130

145

140

130

110

95

140

185

230

215

240

260

2EO

240

245

2JO

305

Apr.

360

405

357

383

383

383

383 3:7

332

357

308

332

308

284

224

236

236

260

260

357

332

357

332

308

1«9

189

189

284

296

357

May.

438

3£7

3; 7

284

332

260

248

212

212

212

189

189

212

118

189

166

IRQ

189

189

189

189

118

189

166

144

166.

166

144

1 dd

144

166

June.

144

118

189

189

189

260

284

284

308

284

166

260

212

212

189

118

166

166

134

88

1 44

166

96

166

212

200

144

144

144

July.

144

144

124

144

124

134

124

1S4

144

134

124

144

1^4

124

124

124

134

124

114

105

105

124

124

124

124

114

124

96

00

88

105

Aug.

124

155

144

124

124

114

124

124

155

118

166

144

166

357

332

284

 9ftft

124

124

134

144

QQ

166

155

124

75

80

124

134

144

Sept.

144

144

134

144

134

144

134

124

144

124

114

124

114

105

105

124

124

134

105

105

134

124

105

144

134

144

134

105

124

124

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 14-17, Dec. 11 to Apr. 2.

Monthly discharge of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 136 square miles.)

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

194

216 

194 

120 

90 

305 

405 

438 

308 

144 

357 

144

438

Minimum.

116 

125 

70 

50 

45 

75 

189 

118 

88 

88 

75 

105

45

Mean.

149 

176 

112 

69.8 

68.9 

147 

311 

209 

1«4 

123 

152 

127

153

Per 

square 

mile.

1.10

1.29 

,823 

.513 

.507 

1.08 

2.29 

1.54 

1.35 

.904 

.1.12 

.933

1.12

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.27 

1.43 

.95 

.59 

.53 

1.25 

2.56 

1.78 

1.51 

1.04 

1.29 

1.04

15.24
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN". 125

BARABOO RIVER NEAR BARABOO, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 12 N., R. 7 E., at highway bridge 4 miles downstream from 

Baraboo, Sauk County, about 3 miles below creek rising near Devils Lake, coming 

in from right, and 15 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 572 square miles (measured on map issusd by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 18, 1913, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to upstream side of bridge; read by Miss Agnes Schneider. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream sids of highway bridge to 

which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and mud; 

Water confined to one channel except at flood stages,

control not well defined, 

when right bank is overflowed for a distance of 1,000 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, about 17.5 feet 

March 26 (discharge, 4,200 second-feet); minimum discharge, 100 second-feet 

January 31.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded about 17.5 feet March 26, 1917 (discharge, 

4,200 eecond-feet); minimum stage, 0.71 foot, at 7.30 a. m., July 26, 1916 

(discharge, 76 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. In the vicinity of Baraboo, 4 miles above the station, there are four 

dams, and one at Reedsburg, 18 miles above the station 

operated on the tributaries. The operation of these various plants causes diurnal 

fluctuation at the gage of about 0.3 foot at low-water stages. Estimates of mean 

monthly discharge probably represent nearly the nature! flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during higt

Rating curve used October 1,1915, to March 21,1917, fairly well defined between 

167 and 2,600 second-feet; extended and roughly approximate above and 

below these limits. Curve used March 22 to September 30, 1917, fairly well 

defined between 150 and 3,270 second-feet. Gage reai to quarter tenths twice

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean d 

table, except for periods when stage-discharge relation 

which it was ascertained by applying to rating table

corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Open-water records good; -winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Baraboo River, near Bcraboo, Wi

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 26o 

Jan. 26« 

Feb. 28«

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.20 

2.94 

2.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

121 

154 

154

Date.

Mar. 286 

May 3

Mad

W. G. Ho

E. L. Wil

eby 

?t.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

14.77 

7.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,110 

974

water of March, 1917.

aily" gage height to rating 

was affected by ice, for 

mean daily gage height

?., during the year ending

o Complete ice cover.

61,720 feet of overflow section; velocity in overflow section estimated from a boat. Area of cross section 

determined with level May 3.
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911?, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofBaraboo River near Baraboo, Wis.,for the years ending

.Sept. SO, 1915 and 1917.

Day.

1914-15. 

1.............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..... .........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. ..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

^i

1916-17. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6. .............

7... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

OC

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.:............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

178

186

162

163

136

164

179

193

274

632

407

288

365

477

463

477

463

421

288

260

246

232

226

213

173

198

205

226

190

190

190

378

971

259

orro

246

Oqo

196

188

184

174

213

O1 0

226

213

91^

073

OQQ

232

213

252

308

9QA

392

422

K 70

707

677

617

527

497

557

Nov.

188

179

1%

192

190

182

186

171

173

161

179

175

175

163

173

226

232

140

136

153

188

172

172

572

497

378

329

226

266

287

364

407

482

407

OQO

364

364

308

Of e

OQ1

294

308

329

378

OfM

422

617

602

407

467

392

O«A

Dec.

178

174

200

196

184

167

189

177

182

174

184

177

160

140

110

364

364

308

9QA

336

OQA

287

301

280

94fi

226

OQO

220

245

OOA

240

185

190

125

120

185

180

150

105

95

145

145

205

205

175

120

Tan.

115

250

190

130

200

215

205

215

175

150

155

.215

120

200

190

190

140

i fyi

170

200

onn

190

155

130

170

195

1QA

175

175

165

140

205

ion

IflA

Feb.

225

565

1,340

215

185

215

130

200

190

240

230

175

155

125

190

190

200

205

180

205

220

205

195

205

225

225

215

ICC

225

220

1QC

Mar.

360

323

421

518

722

7%5

801

849

865

881

849

915

915

990

1,110

1,380

1,600

1.500

1,460

1.090

865

722

230

225

205

160

240

225 01 n

7°.n

340 ion

425

515

703

783

703

671

591

591

500

623

1,110

1,630

2, 570

2,850

3,670

4,200

3

0QA

3 onn

2,640

2,150

1 3 440

Apr.

544

531

KAA

eo2

677

849

Q7fl

1,070

1,130

1,170

1,030

898

817

692

587

463

Vn.

365

344 ino.

288

974

2CO OOQ

220

220

226

203 91 n

198

1,050

TOO

703

623

575

w?

470

411

OOQ

TfiQ

3A1

9QQ

285

 257

t)Kf\

()Kf\

285

OQQ

455

1,010

1,320

1,340

1,340

OCA

coo

630

KAA

500

485

141

May.

190

187

226

216

232

232

253

267

295

309

267

226

200

198

195

203

220

919

°.cte

753

840

849

785

662

477

421

393

370

007

QAO

890

1,050

970

832

fi91

470

000

3fiQ

^ is

71^

271

OCrt

218

218

971

OKA

1Q9

186

285

313

383

671

767

7QQ

639

455

A3Q

700

832

703

515

June.

274

246

232

220

204

188

206

213

203

208

195

ooa '213

200

232

195

198

200

1Q>;

195

213

200

203

208

195

176

155

170

170

440

671

1,390

1,260

1,110

1 9Ofi

1,660

1,600

1.520

1,520

1.460

1,110

687

703

575

425

313

285

278

257

244

931

1,240

1,990

2,080

2.150

1,840

1 390

1^150

890

July.

159

1C2

155

149

146

141

142

203

195

192

200

181

192

200

186

165

lift

165

110

177

187

167

184

167

152

144

196

531

707

7fiQ

700

1,010

1,130

970

890

671

455

355

327

313

299

299

257

244

231

205

218

231

231

218

205

180

397

1,010

1,030

Q^rt

850

671

383

244

205

231

Aug.

449

449

662

C02

617

K44

477

602

365

288

253

239

239

288

274

<544

865

932

801

631

309

220

190

220

226

209

195

167

163

153

175

231

186

180

168

186

174

299

440

313

341

285

218

218

231

238

257

244

205

180

180

174

192

152

186

168

154

162

162

180

174

162

Sept.

198

175

165

153

155

169

170

221

226

351

769

1 260

1,190

1,430

1,560

1,660

1,500

1,230

1,130

1,090

915

769

512

4f>7

463

f»W

557

512

4QH

150

144

142

174

168

151

168

174

180

186

186

192

192

212

198

186

186

174

198

192

212

212

174

180

1GA

205

192

192

156

149

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 13, 1916, to Mar. 10, 1917. Water above gage on 

Mar. 25 and 26,1917; discharge based on stage as noted on bridge structure. Discharge record for the year 

ending Sept. 30,1915, supersedes that published in Water-Supply Paper 405, p. 143, owing to a revision of 

rating curve above 500 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 127

Monthly discharge of Baraboo River near Saraboo, Wis., for the years ending Sept, SO,

1915 and 1917.

[Drainage area, 572 square miles.]

Month.

1914-15.

TWav

July...........................................

1916-17.

Mnv

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

632 

232 

200

1,600

1,170

849 

274 

769 

932 

1,660

1,660

707 

617 

364 

215 

210 

4,200 

1,340 

1,050 

2,150 

1,130 

440 

212

4,200

Minimum.

136

108 

187 

155 

141 

153 

153

174 

226 

95 

100 

130 

160 

250 

186 

231 

180 

152 

142

95

Mean.

273

1C9 

146 

185 

665 

747 

544 

353 

206 

237 

395 

670

380

330 

394 

219 

174 

198 

1,210 

593 

513 

1,OCO 

480 

214 

180

465

Per

square 

mile.

0.477 

.295 

.255 

.323 

1.16 

1.31 

.951 

.617 

.360 

.414 

.691 

1.17

.664

.577 

.689 

.383 

.304 

.346 

2.12 

1.04 

.897 

1.85 

.839 

.374 

.315

.813

Run-off 

(depth in inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.55 

.33 

.29 

.37 

1.21 

1.51 

1.06 

.71 

.40 

.48 

.80 

1.30

9.01

.67 

.77 

.44 

.35 

.36 

2.44 

1.16 

1.03 

2.06 

.97 

.43 

.35

11.03

NOTE. Monthly discharge record ior the year ending Sept. 30,1915, supersedes that published in WaterSupply Paper 405, p. 144, owing to revision of rating curve above 500 second-feet.

KICKAPOO RIVER AT GAYS MILLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 28, T. 10 N., B 4 W., at highway bridge immediately below Norwood Mill, in Gays Mills, Crawford County, 25 miles above mouth of river and 2 

miles below mouth of Tainter Creek, which enters from right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 629 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 25, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of bridge; read by N. T. Norwood.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge at medium and 

high-water stages; low-water measurements made "by wading a short distance 

downstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock covered by a deposit of sand; banks 

^,t gage section fairly high and not subject to overflow at ordinary high-water 

stages. Control at the head of small rapids about 300 feet below gage; probably 

not permanent; the plotting of the discharge measurements indicates that at a 

stage of about 2 feet on the gage the control is changed to some point below, 

causing a reversal in the curve.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.05 feet March 

24 (discharge about 6,300 second-feet).; minimum discharge, about 160 secondfeet, February 10.

1914-1917: Maximum discharge recorded March 24, 1917; minimum discharge, 

about 100 second-feet, last part of January, 1915.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

REGULATION. Mills at Grays Mills immediately above station, at Soldiers Grove, 7 

miles upstream, and at several points above Soldiers Grove use comparatively 

little storage, so that the recorded flow past the station represents nearly the natural 

conditions. During low stages a small diurnal fluctuation is observed at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Rating curve used October 1 

to March 20, well denned between 211 and 485 second-feet; fairly well defined 

between 485 and 1,340 second-feet; extended and subject to error above 1,340 

second-feet. Curve used March 21 to September 30, poorly defined between 300 

and 2.200 second-feet; extended and subject to error above and below these 

limits. Gage read to quarter tenths twice a day. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying mean daily gage height to rating table except for period when stagedischarge relation was affected by ice, for which period it was ascertained by 

applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for eCect of ice by discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Open-water records 

fair; winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Kickapoo River at Gaits Mills, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date. Made by 

E. L.Williams........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.12

2.48

Discharge:

Sec.-ft. 

274

260

Date.

Mar. 22

Aug. 1

Made by 

W. G.Hoyt. ..........

R. B. Kalgore.. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.65

3.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ff. 

1,980

894

a Ice at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

4..............

7..............

8.. .............

9..............

10..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

13..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22 . ....

23..............

o/t

25..............

26..............

27..............

23..............

23..............

31.. ............

31..............

Oct.

355

355

325

310

295

280

280

295

280

280

280

280

295

310

310

295

2SO

265

280

295

430

470

368

s^n

440

485

450

392

430

522

478

Nov.

405

330

355

355

340

.325

325

308

350

350

3.50

350

350

251

280

295

325

355

355

355

368

330

355

on 9

- 265

sin

392

380

368

368

Dec.

368

355

310

310

300

300

300

300

295

235

235

235

265

265

265

280

9Qf>

295

9Q^

280

9Qf>

230

265

250

OflK

9fi*i

295

9QK

230

250

Jan.

225

225

265

295

275

265

235

265

320

260

9fin

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

295

215

91 1\

300

240

280

99ft

275

200

205

195

9 oft

Feb.

190

245

215

185

235

175

255

170

250

160

220

190

210

235

255

265

265

265

265

270

97 K

230

230

280

280

235

oon

Mar.

265

265

310

325

325

340

325

485

525

520

820

850

820

640

525

520

470

430

405

545

870

9 1W

2,950

3,500

3,300

2,800

2,100

1 3QO.

970

870

770

Apr.

680 640

580

565

565

550

515

475

455

455

445

445

405

390

390

375

360

390

640

1,200

i fun

Q7n

5SO

COK

550

KQK

, 565

K1 K

595

770

May.

820

920

660

550

515

475

475

445

435

420

son

375

375

375

345

360

330

640

515

515

550

435

375

w;

625

sen

415

402

455

June.

455

580

895

6SO

550

770

1,3CO

1,600

1,420

720

595

580

595

515

475

465

445

405

420

405

390

465

QAK

1,560

1,990

1,740

970

610

820

700

July.

1,170

995

640

535

515

550

565

515

535

465

455

455

455

435

435

435

4C5

375

405

360

345

3, SCO

4,7-10

3

9ri ft

2,020

770

610 5~0

535

515

475

Aug.

680

945

6SO

515

495

475

495

610

580

475

465

475

610

595

495

475

420

435

390

405

390

O7 K

495

KCA

475

AAK

375

w?

375

360

360

Eept.

345

360

360

345

375

375

515

515

455

390

390

375

390

475

435

375

3JO

345

360

435

435 4fl"5

375

345

345

345

345

360

330

315

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 20. 

5-8; discharge interpolated.

Gage not read Nov. 9-13 and Dec.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIST. 129

Monthly discharge ofKickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 629 square miles.]

Month.

October ............1....... ...................

May...........................................

The year................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

522 

405 

368 

320 

290 

3,500 

1,640 

920 

1,990 

4,740 

945 

515

4,740

Minimum.

265 

251 

235 

195 

160 

265 

360 

330 

390 

345 

360 

315

160

Mean.

347 

347 

283 

255 

240 

1,010 

594 

482 

805 

903 

493 

386

514

Per

square 

mile.

0.552 

.552 

.450 

.405 

'.382 

1.61 

.944 

.766 

1.28 

1.44 

.784 

.614

.817

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.64 

.62 

.52 

.47 

.40 

1.86 

1.05 

.88 

1.43 

1.66 

.90 

.68

11. U

TURKEY RIVER AT GARBER, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 36, T. 92 N., R. 4 W., at single-span highway bridge at Garber, 

Clay ton County, about 800 feet above mouth of Wayne Creek, which enters from 

right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,530 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 29, 1913, to November 29, 1916, except October 1, 

1914, to March 30, 1915. Station discontinued November 30, 1916.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to handrail on downstream side of bridge; read once daily 

by E. J. Prolow.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Make from bridge, or by wading.

CHANNEL AJSTD CONTROL. Bed is composed of sand and mud; channel shifting. Right 

bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank will be overflowed only at extreme high stage or at gage height about 21 feet.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. The highest stage within the last 20 years probably occurred 

May 18,1902, when a stage representing about 23.7 feet referred to the gage datum 

was reached, as indicated by the highwater marks on A. F. Grafe's residence in 

Garber.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, observations discontinued.

REGULATION. An electric-light plant and gristmill at Elkader probably cause a slight 

daily fluctuation.

Data inadequate for determining daily or monthly discharge. 

The following discharge measurement was made,by C. Herlofson: 

November 23, 1916: Gage height, 3.86 feet; discharge, 302 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, for the period Oct. 1 to Nov.

29, 1916.

Day.

1. ..............

2. ....... ....... 9

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9

10..............

Oct.

4.0

4.0

3.85

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.65

3.6

3.6

Nov.

3.85

3.8

3.75

3.75

3.75

4.0

4.0

3.95

3.95

3.95

Day.

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

Oct.

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

S 7

3 7

3 7

3.95

Nov.

3.95

3.9

3.9

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

Day.

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3.9

3.-S5

3.9

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

Nov.

4.0

3.9

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.85

96719° 19 WSP 4£
130 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

MAQUOKETA RIVER BELOW NORTH FORE OF MAQUOKETA RIVER, NEAR 

MAQUOKETA, IOWA.

LOCATION. In the southwest corner of the NE. \ sec. 17, T. 84 N., E. 3E., at Bridgeport Bridge, about 3 miles northeast of Maquoketa, Jackson County, 1,200 feet 

above mouth of Mill Creek and 2 miles below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa 

River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey, scale, 1 to 500,000). Drainage area at mouth, 1,960 square 

miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 1, 1913, to September 30, 1917, except October, 

1914, to March 20, 1915, when station was temporarily discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge 100 feet from right 

abutment; read by John Strodthoff.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Make from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of sand; shifting. Two channels 

at all stages except above 12-foot stage above which there is overflow under piletrestle approach on the left side.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded v during year, 16.8 feet at 1.30 

p. m., June 13 (discharge, 11,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.65 

feet, November 15 (discharge, 296 second-feet).

Prior to 1917: Maximum stage about 23.5 feet, probably in 1905 (discharge, 

about 24,300 second-feet).

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed probably during high water March 10-14. 

Rating curves used before and after the change well defined between 300 and 

20,000 second-feet. Gage read once daily to hundredths. Daily discharge, 

except as noted below ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table. 

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 14 to March 9; determination 

of discharge based on observer's notes and weather records. Open-water records, 

good; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Maquoketa River below North Fork of Maquoketa River, near 

Maquoketa, Iowa, during the year ending Sept. 30,1917.

[Made by C. Herlofson.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 2 in

3.35

Discharge.

Seo-ft. 

438

906

Date.

17.................

height.

Feet. 

1.97

1.96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

366

360
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 131

Daily discharge in second-feet, of Maquoketa River below North Fork of Maquoketa Riser, 

near Maquoketa, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6............. .

7.. .............

8...............

9............. .

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.........

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21......... ....

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

422

405

388

 388

372

372

372

356

325

310

356

372

372

372

356

372

340

372

456

439

422

388

r» 590

550

530

474

474

474

456

Nov.

439

422

422

405

405

388

422

456

456

439

422

439

356

296

340

405

4OQ

AKR

439

439

439

474

372

372 iao

492

456

439

Dee.

'422

422

A^Q

4^Q

Af\K

422

422

439

AAK

qo c

356

388

. 340

} 300

Jan.

> 250

Feb.

250

Mar.

1 400

7,080

7,530

5,390

2,770

7,720

2,640

2,700

1,9£0

2,260

1,380

1,430

3,370

4,050

3,160

2,070

1,620

1.170

975

832

741

655

615

Apr.

577

558

540

504

504

504

469

469

469

435

419

435

435

402

386

386

402

402

402

469

435

435

435

419

419

402

402

386

419

' 435

May

615

697

741

655

615

578

540

504

469

469

469

435

419

419

419

386

386

386

386

386

370

419

469

469

435

419

419

419

402

435

540

June.

504

577

1,650

1,170

1,280

1,600

3,030

2,770

2,320

2, 130

1,710

1.380

11,200

4,750

2,640

2,010

1,540

1,330

1,120

1,020

927

832

832

927

927

1,070

879

' 741

786

655

July.

655

615

577

540

540

540

504

504

577

540

540

540

504

577

469

469

469

469

435

419

402

469

504

1,170

1,540

832

655

577

523

469

469

Aug.

419

402

386

370

370

355

370

1,380

615

504

435

402

402

386

386

386

386

355

324

338

355

339

339

324

324

324

339

309

309

309

309

Sept.

 309

324

324

615

469

540

615

832

504

453

402

386

370

386

370

370

370

339

339

339

339

339

309

339

309

309

339

339

339

324

Monthly discharge of Maquoketa River below North Fork of Maquoketa River, near 

Maquolceta, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,600 square miles.]

Month.

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

590 

492 

439

7,720

577 

741 

11,200 

1,540 

1,380 

832

11,200

Minimum.

310

296

386 

370 

504 

402 

309- 

309

Mean.

409 

419 

343 

250 

250 

2,120 

445 

476 

1,810 

584 

405 

398

659

Per 

square 

mile.

0.255 

.262 

.214 

.156 

.156 

1.32 

.278 

.297 

1.13 

.365 

.253 

.249

.411

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.29 

.29 

.25 

.18 

.16 

1.52 

.31 

.34 

1.26 

.42 

.29 

.28

5.59

ROCK RIVER AT AFTON, WIS.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 22 and 27, T. 2 N., R. 12 E., at highway bridge in 

Afton, Rock County, about 9 miles above Illinois State line. Bass Creek enters 

from right about three-quarters of a mile below station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,190 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 5, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to the downstream side of bridge; read by Albert Engelke.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS, Made from the downstream side of bridge^ or by 

wa
132 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks medium high, and will not be overflowed to any 

extent at flood stages. Bed composed of gravel and clean silt; practically permanent. Control not well defined.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.90 feet at 4 

p. m. April 1 (discharge, 8,910 second-feet); minimum discharge, 555 second-feet, 

February 11.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 9.88 feet at 4 p. m., September 13, 1915 

(discharge, 10,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.5 foot at 7 a. m. 

August 16, 1914 (discharge, about 459 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of power plants at Janesville and above causes fluctuations 

at the gage during low stages.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating 

curve well defined between 638 and 10,500 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table, except for periods of ice effect, for which it was ascertained by 

applying to rating table mean daily gage height corrected for effect of ice by 

means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Openwater records good; winter records fair.

<e measurements of Rock River at Afton, Wis., during the year

1917.

ing Sept. SO,

Date.

Jan. 246

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.63

2.96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,470

914

Da.te.

Feb. 266

May 22

Made by 

E.L.Williams..-..;....

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

BUS

2,410

a Control partly covered with ice. & Practically complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Afton, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

25..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,170

1,140

1,460

1,140

1,140

1,320

1,200

1,080

1,430

1,260

1,140

1,060

1,170

1,040

1,000

1,400

1,170

1,140

1,140

1,360

1,430

1,290

1,500

1,580

1,820

1,980

1,980

1,700

2,060

2,310

2,310

Nov.

2,310

2,400

2,490

2,400

2,310

2,400

2,400

2,310

2,580

2,490

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,310

2,140

2,140

2,220

2,140

2,140

2,220

2,220

I Qftn

1,980

2,140

2,490

Dec.

2,310

2,400

2,400

1,580

2,220

2,140

2,220

2,310

2,140

1,980

2,060

2,060

2,060

2,060

1,900

1,900

1,620

1,580

1,500

1 dsn

1,320

1,230

1,100

1,040

980

1 060 I'oso

1,080

980

QKft

925

Jan.

880

880

855

885

880

810

720

715

765

780

740

810

700

730

815

805

690

725

815

720

855

720

860

835

 785

795

775

775

885

895

Feb.

770

640

660

620

640

790

745

735

735

695

555

615

665

710

705

705

690

660

705

695

630

750

7oc

640

650

71 z.

770

705

Mar.

755

785

820

715

890

940

1,180

1,300

1,230

1,360

2,670

2,490

2,940

2,400

2,760

3,240

2,760

2,850

3,040

3,920

4,160

4,520

5,290

5,810

6,630

7,190

7 Qftfi

7 900

7*900

Apr.

8,470

8,470

7,470

7,330

7,190

7,050

6,770

6,630

6,490

5,810

5,420

5,420

5,290

4,900

4,520

4,400

4,160

3,920

4,040

4,160

3,920

3,920

4,280

4,280

4,160

4 arm

3,800

3,800

3,800

3,920

May.

3,800

3,920

4,160

4,160

4,400

4,040

3,800

3,450

3,340

3,240

3,040

3,240

2,670

2,400

2,220

2,060

1,900

2,140

2,140

2,060

2,400

1,980

1,900

2,140

2,400

2,670

2,580

2,310

2,140

2,490

June.

2,400

2,670

2,670

3,240

3,140

3,680

3,560

4,160

4,520

4,400

4,520

4,520

5,810

5,290

5,030

4,640

4,400

4,160

4 fktfi

3,920

3,920

3,920

4,160

4 QAfi

5,810

6,350

7,050

7,470

8,330

July.

8,040

8,330

8,470

8,470

8,470

8,470

8,330

8,040

7,900

7,620

7,190

7,050

6,490

6,070

5,680

5,550

5,160

4,640

4,160

3,920

3,560

3,240

3,140

2,850

3 run

2,490

2,490

2,220

1,980

1,900

2,060

Aug.

1,740

1,660

1,620

1,500

1,290

1 360

1^460

1.360

Ii230

1,290

1,230

1,360

1,260

1,260

1,290

1,290

1,140

875

746

QQA

894

990

8

7K

1,010

QAQ

820

903

852

788

894

Sept.

756

CAO

fiCW

QCK

1,010

1,000

1,000

1 ^9rt

980

1,170

852

QQA

1,050

1 fiAft

1,070

1,000

941

970

osn

1,090

1,170

1,200

Q7n

QA1

1,070

1,100

1 360

ljl70

1,100

1,030

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 11-14 and Dec. 14 to Mar. 8.
TJPPEK MISSISSIPPI HIVES BASIN. 133

Monthly discharge of Rock River at A/ton, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

* [Drainage area, 3,190 square miles.]

^ Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,310 

2,580 

2,400 

895 

790 

8,040 

8,470 

4,400 

8,330 

8,470 

1,740 

1,360

8,470

Minimum.

1,000 

1,900 

925 

700 

555 

715 

3,800 

1,900 

2,400 

1,900 

746 

756

555

Mean.

1,420 

2,290 

1,6CO 

796 

690 

3,530 

5; 270 

2,880 

4,570 

5,390 

1,150 

1,030

2,560

Per 

square 

mile.

0.445 

.718 

.520 

.250 

.216 

1.11 

1.65 

.903 

1.43 

1.69 

.361 

.323

.803

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.51 

.80 

.60 

.29 

.22 

1.28 

1.84 

1.04 

1.60 

1.95 

.42 

.36

10.91

ROCK RIVER AT ROCKFORD, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 44 N., R. 1 E., at highway bridge at Nelson Avenue, Rockford, Winnebago County, about 1 mile below mouth of Kent Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,520 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read by Winston Burrows.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and rock; may shift in high stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.8 feet June 21 

to 23 (discharge, 13,700 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.70 feet at 5.30 p. m. 

September 30 (discharge, 1,180 second-feet).

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 15.5 feet February 15, 1915 (discharge 

not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum, open-water stage 

recorded, 13.0 feet March 30 and 31, 1916 (discharge, 32,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.82 foot, August 9, 1914 (discharge, 483 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of power plant at dam 2 miles upstream in city of Rockford causes slight fluctuation at gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve fairly well defined between 1,450 and 32,000 second-feet. 

Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Fluctuation at gage only slight. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating tables, except for period when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which it 

was determined from gage heights, observer's notes, weather records, and records 

of flow of Rook River at Afton, Wis. Open-water records good for medium and 

high stages; probably somewhat too large for low stages, as gage readings were 

taken during day when flow, owing to regulation at dam, is somewhat greater than 

during night; winter records poor.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. C. Beckman: 

August 29, 1917; Gage height: 2.47 feet; discharge, 1,950 second-feet.
1S4 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191*7, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Rockford, III., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

T. ..............

8. ..............

9...............

10..............

12..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3,100

3,270

3,270

3,270

3,440

3,620

4,000

2,940

3.100

3,100

3,270

3,270

3,440

3,440

3,440

3,100

2,940

3,270

3,620

3,810

4,200

4,400

4,200

4,200

4,000

4,000

4.000

Nov.

3,810

3,620

3,620

3,620

3,810

3,810

3,620

3,810

4,400

4,610

4,610

4,400

4,610

4 4.0ft

4,200

3,620

3,620

3,810

3,620

3 440

3,440

3,620

3,620

3,810

Dec.

3,810

4,000

4,000

3,810

4,000

4,000

3,810

3,810

3,620

3,620

3,620

3,620

3,810

3,810

3,810

2,840

Jan.

1,620

1,890

1,860

Feb.

1,650

1,920

1,990

Mar.

2,110

3,810

4,820

5,660

6,540

7,950

10,200

11,200

11, 800

12,800-

13, 100

12, 800

12,600

12 800

12,600

12,300

12,300

12,600

12.600

Apr.

11, 800

11,200

10,200

9,680

9,180

8,930

8,680

8,430

7,950

7,950

7,470

7,000

6,770

6,540

5,660

6,240

5, 030

4,820

5,880

6,320

5,450

5,240

5, 450 '

5,880

6,100

6,320

6,770

May.

6,770

7,000

7,230

7,0"0

6,770

6,320

6,100

5,450

5,0^0

4,820

4,820

4,610

4,610

4,200

4,000

3,810

3,810

3,440

3,440

3,440

3,620

3,270

3,270

3,620

3,440

3,620

3,810

4.000

June.

4,200

4,400

4,200

4,400

4,820

5,030

6,770

7,950

8,680

9,180

9,180

9,430

9,430

10, 200

10,700

11,500

12,300

12, 600

13, 100

13,700

13,700

13,700

12,300

11,500

11,000

10,700

9,940

9,430

July.

3,440

3,620

4,200

4,400

5,240

5,880

6,540

7,000

7,950

8,680

8,930

8,680

8,430

7, 950

7,470

7,000

6,770

6,540

6,320

6,320

6,100

6,100

5,880

5,450

5,030

4,820

4,820

4,610

4,400

4,?00

3,810

Aug.

3,440

3,100

2,790

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,230

2,100

1,980

2,100

2,100

2,230

2,100

1,980

1,870

1,980

1,870

1,870

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,870

1,980

2,100

2,100

1,980

1,980

1,870

1.870

Sept.

1,870

1,760

1,760

1,870

1,760

1,650

1,650'

.1,650

1,450

1,550

1,650

1,650

1,650

1,870

2,100

1,980

2,100

2,360

2,360

2.230

2,100

1,980

1,980

1,870

1,870

1.650

1,550

1,450

1,360

1,180

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16 to Mar. 7. Sudden decrease in flow from June 

30 to July 1 caused by regulation at dam upstream. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods 

included.

Monthly discharge of Rod!, River, at Rockford, III., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917 

[Drainage area, 6,520 square miles.]

Month.

February.. . ...................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,400 

4,610 

4,000

13, 100

11,800 

7,230 

13,700 

8,930 

3,440 

2,360

13, 700

Minimum.

2,940 

3,440

4,820 

3.270 

4,200 

3,440 

1,760 

1,180

1,1SO

Mean.

3,560 

3,910 

3,310 

1,790 

1,840 

9,060 

7,070 

4,590 

9,630 

6,020 

2,120 

1,800

4,570

Per 

square 

mile.

0.546 

.600 

.508 

.275 

.282 

1.39 

1.08 

.704 

1.48 

.923 

.325 

.276

.701

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.63 

.67 

.59 

.32 

.29 

1.60 

1.20 

.81 

1.65 

1.06 

.37 

.31

9.50

ROCK RIVER AT LYNDON, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 20 N., R. 5 E., at highway bridge known as Lyndon Bridge, 

in eastern part of Lyndon, Whiteside County; about 10 miles above Rock Greek 

and 20 miles below dam at Sterling.

DRAINAGE AREA. 9,010 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 24, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by John Shepard.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; may shift.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 135

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stagerecordedduringyear, 15.2feet March 14 

(discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water 

stage recorded, 12.6 feet at 7 a. m. June 14 (discharge, 21,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.6 feet at 5 p. m. September 2 (discharge, 1,170 second-feet). 

1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 18.0 feet January 22 and 23, 1916 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water 

stage recorded, 17.0 feet March 28, 1916 (discharge, 39,500 second-feet). Mini-, 

mum discharge recorded, 1,170 second-feet at 5 p. m. September 2, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted at Sterling dam to feed Illinois and Mississippi canal; 

probably averages about 100 second-feet.

REGULATION. Operation of power plant in city of Sterling causes fluctuation at 

gage. Fluctuations slight except during low stages.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relatiqn changed during March; affected by ice during 

winter. Rating curves well defined. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. 

Diurnal fluctuation at gage not large. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table, except for period when stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which it was ascertained from gage heights, 

- observer's notes, weather records, and record of flow of Rock River at Rockford, 

111., and Afton, Wis. Records good for medium and high stages and fair for very 

low stages during open-water periods; poor for winter period.

Daily discharge measurements of Rock River at Lyndon, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Sept. 1.. ..............--..-.-.--..---.-......--.....--...--.-..-...-..----..-.......

Do.....-....--.-........--.-.-------.--..--.-..---.------ -..-...---.-..-----...

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.31

4.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2

AAA

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Lyndon, III., for the year ending Sept 30

1917.

Day.

1..............

2...-.-.--.....

3..............

5..............

6.. ............

7..............

10........-.---.

11..............

12..............

13.......-.--...

14..............

15.............

16..............

17...-....-..-.-

18..............

19..............

OA

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30....... .......

31..............

Oct.

3,800

4,340

3,460

2,980

3,140

3,140

2,980

2,680

2,980

2,980

2,980

2,980

2,680

2,980

2,680

2,980

2,680

2,980

2,830

3,140

3,140

4,160

4,530

4,720

4,340

5,730

5,950

5,730

5,110

5,730

5,310

Nov.

4,530

3,800

3,980

4,530

4,340

4,720

3,980

4,720

4,530

4,910

5,520

5,110

5,310

5,110

4,720

.4,340

4,340

4,340

3,980

4,340

4,340

4,340

4,533

4,530

4,340

3,980

4,530

4,53[)

4,530

4,340

Dec.

5,110

4,340

3,980

4,910

4,160

5,310

4,720

4,530

4,340

4,160

M,300

3,390

Jan.

2,780

2,530

2,750

Feb.

2,910

2,410

[2,520

Mar.

3,930

17,500

18,100

17,300

16,500

15,700

15,000

14,200

13,400

12,600

11,800

11,400

Apr.

10,600

10,400

10,200

10,000

9,830

9,830

9,830

9,330

9,330

9,080

8,580

8,080

7,830

7,340

7,580

6,860

6,400

6,630

6,400

6,170

6,630

7,340

7,830

7,580

7,580

6,630

7,580

7,100

6,630

6,630

May.

8,080

9,330

9,580

9,330

8,080

7,340

7,580

5,720

6,400

6,170

5,940

5,720

5,290

5,290

5,080

4,280

4,280

4,090

3,900

2,840

3,900

3,900

4,090

4,680

4,880

4,680

4,680

5,500

5,500"

5,290

5,500

June.

5,500

5,720

5,290

6,170

6,630

7*580

9,330

8,830

9,580

9,580

9,830

9,830

16,000

20,200

18,500

14,500

14,200

13,900

11,800

9,580

8,330

7,340

7,100

7,100

6,860

7,100

9,080

9,330

10,400

10, 100

July.

10,100

10,600

11,500

10,400

10,600

10,600

10,400

10, 100

10,100

9,830

9,830

9,330

8,830

8,830

8,080

7,340

7,830

6,860

6,630

7,830

8,080

6,400

6,400

5,290

5,500

5,290

4,880

4,680

3,180

4,430

3,360

Aug.

3,540

3,360

3,180

2,840

2,520

2,840

3,010

3,010

2,680

2,840

2,210

3,010

3,010

2,680

2,680

2,060

2,520

1,710

2,060

2,360

2,210

1,920

2,360

1,920

2,060

2,210

1,920

Sept.

2 91 A

1,710

2 O1 A

2,520

1 920

2' 210

2,520

1 Q9ft

2,680

2,520

2,680

2,680

2,680

2 fisn

2,520

2 Aon

2,520

2,520

2,520

2,680

2,680

2,520

2,520

2,680

2,520

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11 to Mar. 20. Diseharg-e Mar. 21-23, 25, 27, 28,30, 

and Apr. 1, 3, 4, and 6 interpolated. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
136 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Rock River at Lyndon, III., for the year ending Sept. 80, 

[Drainage area, 9,010 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

' February. .....................................

April ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5; 950 

5,520

1 10,600 

9,580 

20,200 

11, '500 

3,540 

2,680

Minimum.

2,680 

3,800

6,170 

2,840 

5,290 

3,180 

1.710 

1,710

Mean.

3,740 

4,500 

4,060 

2,690 

2,620 

12,000 

8,060 

5,710 

9,840 

7,840 

2,570 

2,450

5,520

Per

square 

mile.

0.415 

.499 

.451 

.299 

.291 

1.33 

.895 

.634 

1.09 

.870 

.285 

.272

.613

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.48 

.56 

.52 

.34 

.30 

1.53 

1.00 

.73 

1.22 

1.00 

.33 

.30

8.31

YAHARA RIVER NEAR EDGERTON, WIS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in sec. 3, T. 4 N., R. 11 W., 1 mile above mouth of 

Badfish River (coming in from right) and about 5 miles southwest of Edgerton, 

Rock County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 380 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin and Geological History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 27, 1916 to November 23, 1917, when station was 

discontinued.

GAGE. Friez water-stage recorder in a wooden well fastened to the right-hand downstream wing wall.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT. Made from downstream side of highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel, control is head of rapids a short 

distance downstream. During the summer months grass grows in the channel 

and on the control affecting stage-discharge relation.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded, 3.13 feet 2 a. m., June 13,1917 

(discharge, 1,390 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.64 feet 5 p. m., October 8, 1916 

(discharge, about 118 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by grass and ice. 

Rating curve well denned between 290 and 780 second-feet; extended and subject to error above and below these limits. Operation of water-stage recorder 

satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge ascertained by discharge 

integrator; shifting-control method used September 27 to October 8, 1916, and 

June 1 to October 31, 1917; discharge December 14 to March 21 ascertained from 

discharge measurements, gage heights, and weather records. Open-water records 

good; winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of Yahara River near Edgerton, Wis.,for the period Sept. 28,1916.

to November 23, 1917.

Date.

1916. 

Sept. 28»

Oct. 13

Dec. 19"

1917

Jan. 23c

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.38

. 2.46

2.75

2.96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

260

3,62

194

175

Date.

1917.

Feb. 26c

Mar. 26

May 22 

July 17<*

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

ifcW. G. Hoyt............

Hoyt and Williams. . . . W.G.Hoyt.. ..........

R.B.Kilgore.. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.11

2.84

2.57 

2.22

2.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

155

695

421

91 A.

379

o Grass growing in channel.

b Almost complete ice cover at control.

c Complete ice cover at control. 

d Possible grass growth at control.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 137

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Yahara River near Edgerton, Wis., for the period Sept.

27, 1916, to Nov. 23, 1917.

Day.

1916-17. 

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

S. ..................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Day. Oc

1917. 

1.............. 2

2 9

3.............. 2

4.............. 2

5 9

6.............. 2

7.............. 2

8.............. 2

9.............. 2

10.............. i

Sept.

2i3

270

255

290

t. I

OO

42

46

25

34

46

35

S7

33

35

Oct.

253

240

236

239

252

257

249

460

350

334

331

354

370

339

001

355

370

Q79

390

523

474

452

427

#6

541

500

526

424

507

448

451

tfov.

304

331

330

332

328

325

335

oro

Nov.

430

466

414

vfOQ

Q7Q

350

414

460

445

421

450

355

433

fif^Q

*fti

Or: 9

384

346

361

335

369

387

368

410

336

378

396

375

11...

12..

13..

14..

15..

16..

17..

18..

19

20..

Dec.

365

331

324

318

319

301

307

324

320

324

290

350

341

210

210

210

210

91ft

91 fi

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

210

Day.

1917.

Jan.

177

186

177

183

177

193

183

179

192

ISO

175

160

161

155

119

158

145

inn

152

111

154

158

165

170

168

162

165

161

160

166

141

Feb.

125

139

158

157

160

163

153

147

123

154

151

141

149

ten

151

19ft

142

100

133

129

126

132

19Q

155

158

146

Oct.

240

232

229

257

256

256

250

265

266

Mar.

137

141

137

ion

141

14. f;

243

247

179

245

559

367

287

342

384

395

306

3QA

348

529

856

972

859

841

744

728

705

672

652

666

595

No\

5

5

r

5

r

Ap

71

61

Sf

1C

65

Wj

5f fia

4fi w

5?

51

51

4?

4f

41

qc

44

TO

4f

5(1

4?

3fi

4(1

41

41

39

4?

5fi

4F

T.

7?

56

43

41

549

52

57

i39

!22

!25

r.

8

8

1

11

1

7

1

8

7

5

3

q

4

?,

1

/(

4

f>

6

7

7

1

8

m

6

?:

6

7

8

?

9

2

?

?

?

?

?

?

3

3

May.

671

554

509

CAT)

420

429

O77

384

q«9

362

OAQ

386

311

09,4

OAft

289

306 090

346

298

412

313

335

3S1

308

283

289

302

306

D

19

2.....

3.....

4.....

5-....

6.....

7.....

8.....

9.....

0.....

1.....

June.

327

380

317

332

300

371

387

372

251

332

305

325

517

346

315

291

295

235

241

238

234

223

286

255

326

270

222

241

222

224

iy.

17.

July.

237

227

216

218

217

224

206

201

207

196

204

200

208

210

210

210

210

215

206

209

218

228

227

235

240

248

253

263

258

278

272

O

Auj

?,7

?*

?,7

31

25

?,8

33

30

30

Q9

O£

9Q

3?

33

33

Q9

34-

97

?,7

29

31

39

281

27

28

29

27

34

W

25

ct.

?,6?,

?,62

310

?,78

284

345

345

337

324

337

300

't

4

1

8

5

8

4

8

2

K

1

V

1

f>

1

5

n

4

 5

<?

3

1

3

5

4

1

0

7

Sept.

909

o co

241

242

OftQ

251

97 K

997

238

246

o eft

90 c

9 co

232

255

9QQ

9 co

236

241

235

223

216

233

236

235

230

245

245

251

Nov.

320

329

321

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by grass Sept. 27 to Oct. 8, 1916, and June 1 to Oct. 31, 1917; 

affected by ice, Dec. 14 to Mar. 31. Discharge partially estimated Sept. 29 and 30, 1916, Apr. 14, and May 

26-27,1917. No gage-height record July 14-17; discharge estimated.

Monthly discharge of Yahara River near Edgerton, Wis., for the period Oct. 1,1916, to Nov.

23, 1917.

Month.

1916-17.

December

May............................:..............

July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year ................................

1917.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

541 

659 

365 

193 

163 

972 

718 

671 

517 

278 

393 

275

972

345 

372

Minimumr

236 

335

141 

120 

129 

368 

283 

222 

196 

240 

216

120

225 

304

Mean.

381 

408 

258 

166 

143 

450 

503 

368 

299 

224 

298 

242

313

266 

335

Per 

square 

mile.

1.00 

1.07 

.679 

.437 

.376 

1.18 

1.32 

.968 

.787 

.589 

.784 

.637

.824

.700 

.882

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.15 

1.19 

.78 

.50 

.39 

1.36 

1.47 

1.12 

.88 

.68 

.90 

.71

11.13

.81

.75
138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

PECATONICA RIVER AT DILL, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 1 N., R. 6 E., at Illinois Central Railroad bridge at Dill 

(Ramona post office), Green County, about 1 mile below junction of east and 

west branches of Pecatonica River and 9 miles above Illinois State line.

DRAINAGE AREA. 959 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological 

and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 ineh=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 9, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of bridge; prior to August 2, 1916, 

vertical staff gage on left abutment. Gage read by W. C. Shadewaldt and S. A. 

Prank.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low and medium stages made from upstream side 

of highway bridge about 400 feet above the gage; during extremely high water 

considerable water overflows to left of highway bridge and measurements are 

made from railroad bridge to which the gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and silt; undoubtedly shifting. 

Banks are only of medium height and are overflowed at flood stages. Except 

during extreme flood stages all the water passes under the bridge to which the 

gage is fastened. There is little fall in the river below the gage and no welldefined control.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.6 feet at 7 

a. m. March 15 (discharge, about 4,500 second-feet); minimum discharge, 260 

second-feet January 20-22.

1914-1917: Maximum stage, 19.1 feet March 27, 1916, determined from flood 

marks by leveling (discharge, about 13,100 second-feet); minimum discharge, 

January 20-31, 1915 (estimated mean discharge 245 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of dams at Argyle, on the East Branch of P,ecatonica River, 

and at Darlington, on the West Branch of Pecatonica River, cause little if any 

diurnal fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed somewhat during the period between 

June and September; also affected by ice. Rating curve used October 1 to June 

30 well defined between 350 and 1,520 second-feet and fairly well defined between 

1,520 and 6,000 second-feet; extension of the curve above 6,000 second-feet is 

based on the flow of Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111. Discharge, June 14 to 

September 30 determined by shifting-control method; discharge for rest of 

open-water period ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table; for period of ice effect determined by applying to rating table mean 

daily gage height corrected by means of discharge measurements, observers' notes, 

and weather records. Open-water records goods except those for July to September, which are only fair; winter records subject to error.

Discharge measurements of, Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 25«

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.40

1.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

279

279

Date.

Feb. 27<»

May 23

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

Hoyt and Williams.... .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.77

2.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

296

585

Complete ice cover.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 139

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4. ..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11............ \ v

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

390

390

402

390

390

378

378

378

367

367

367

402

390

39u

402

378

378

378

414

551

596

474

438

551

846

630

596

486

511

486

Nov.

474

474

474

474

450

450

462

474

537

537

511

462

450

426

402

462

486

486

450

426

414

402

426

462

474

390

498

474

414

414

. Dec.

. 438

438

426

426

438

438

402

402

414

390

390

365

355

345

335

325

315

305

300

290

280

270

270

275

275

280

270

275

275

270

265

Jan.

265

270

270

270

270

270

275

275

275

270

270

270

270

270

265

270

270

260

260

260

260

265

265

275

275

275

270

275

275

275

Feb.

270

270

270

275

275

97C

275

270

270

270

270

275

97 K.

275

280

280

280

285

285

290

285

295

300

295

295

Mar.

300

325

350

400

450

565

700

1,120

1,480

2,100

2,510

2,880

3,230

4,430

4,280

4,030

3,230

2,560

1,880

2,460

3,280

3,280

2,240

1,240

779

630

630

551

524

498

Apr.

524

524

4QS

486

486

474

474

474

474

43S

450

426

426

414

402

414

414

426

1,200

1,000

630

551

511

J.OC

450

474

474

474

486

498

May.

537

AQQ

fcdfi

 630

CC1

524

486

AOf)

462

AfL*)

450

450

438

426

426

426

426

414

426

426

438

450

511

AQR

414

462

772

551

511

630

June.

630

fiAQ

1,840

1,800

1,160

1,320

1 Cftft

1 600

l'280

846

809

2

QQA

1 240

735

ftOrt

596

551

AQQ

498

498

551

630

565

664

664

524

524

July.

565

CC1

486

450

yJQQ

426

yJQQ

426

414

Af\f)

402

390

390

378

367

390

414

367

356

345

414

524

KOJ.

511

4QS

414

378

367

378

367

Aug.

356

367

356

356

356

356

414

414

335

312

325

323

320

316

Oil

304

307

298

298

307

307

304

304

304

300

297

293

293

Sept.

290

OQA

OQA

290

one

314

one

367

305

OAO

320

378

356

320

335

345

367

345

320

305

300

302

305

323

323

304

300

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 12 to Mar. 19.

Monthly discharge of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 959 square miles.]

Month.

April. .........................................

May. ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

846 

537 

438 

275 

300 

4,430 

1,200 

846 

2,880 

565 

462 

378

4,430

Minimum.

367 

390 

265 

260 

270 

300 

402 

414 

498 

345 

293 

290

260

Mean.

448 

458 

340 

269 

279 

1,800 

515 

504 

981 

423 

329 

321

558

Per 

square 

mile.

0.467 

.478 

.355 

.280 

.291 

1.88 

.537 

.526 

1.02 

.441 

.343 

.335

.582'

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.54 

.53 

.41 

.32 

.30 

2.17 

.60 

.61 

1.14 

.51 

.40 

.37

7.90

PECATONICA RIVER AT FREEPORT, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 32, T. 27 N., K. 8 E., at highway bridge at Hancock Avenue, 

half a mile east of Illinois Central Kailroad station at Freeport, Stephenson 

County, and 2 miles above mouth of Yellow Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,330 square miles.

KECORDS AVAILABLE. September 10, 1914, to September 30, 1917.
140 STJKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read by W. C. Krueger.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and silt; likely to shift. Left 

bank is of only medium height and is overflowed during high water. At stages 

above about 16.0 feet part of the flow passes over the left bank and through East 

Freeport.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.0 feet at 8 a. m. 

March 16 (discharge, 6,140 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.5 feet August 31 and 

September 2 (discharge, 239 second-feet).

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 19.4 feet March 28, 1916 (discharge, 

17,000 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded August 31 and September 

2, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. A dam and power plant three-fourths mile upstream regulate flow 

past gage. Only slight diurnal fluctuation is noticeable. %

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed, probably after high water in June; 

affected by ice during winter. Rating curve used to June 30 well defined; curve 

used August 21 to September 30 fairly well defined. Gage read to hundredths 

twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table; shifting-control method used July 1 to August 20. Records 

good for medium and high stages and fair for low stages during open-water periods, 

winter records poor.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. C. ( Beckman: 

August 31, 1917: Gage height, 3.50 feet; discharge, 233 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. ............

4..............

5. ........... --

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.. ............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

17..............

18.. ............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..........1...

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

918

894

801

735

652

555

537

519

502

485

485

555

612

555

574

593

555

555

612

847

593

537

632

918

1,120

1,120

1,060

Qfifi

1,020

990

Nov.

894

801

714

632

632

714

735

894

QQJ

824

7V7

672

CQO

K.1Q

cflo

5.09

537

612

757

801

824

847

779

714

77Q

735

fiQO

CKO

612

Dec.

632

612

593

574

632

693

757

942

894

CAD

381 001

400

Jan.

390

395

445

Feb.

430

405

\ 475

Mar.

1,140

3,450

3,830

3,830

A JfiA

5,810

5,660

5, 250

5,000

4 ^fiO,

3,830

3,310

3

1 on

2

040

1,440

1,090

Q49

847

735

714

Apr.

757

757

735

714

652

693

K 7O

593

KQO

574

555

555

555

735

537

593

i q^A

1,340

1,190

QQA

1,040

1,440

1,440

966

801

672

coo

652

May.

824

1,020

990

847

801

77Q

757

714

672

COO

fi1 9

574

574

555

555

537

485

4fiQ

KAO

502

519

K.74

7^ *.

870

801

fiQO

fV79

632

714

1,040

June.

1,220

1,320

1,500

1,680

1,650

1,740

2,020

1,920

1,770

1 ciQfl

a qofl

3 OO A

3,450

1,260

1,220

1,140

990

894

847

OA1

894

894

QQA

Q49

918

Q7A

ft7n

Q49

July.

735

755

71 e

656

675

600

582

582

564

cj.fi

528

528

54fi

598

511

511

AQA

4QJ

458

474

542

580

594

474

449

442

442

426

Aug.

OQK

OQK

380

395

380

v?5

OCA

542

490

458

410

OQK

one

OQK

OQK

OCA

OQA

395

335

97Q

OQO

335 <w*

QOK

350

ooe

292

OQO

335

Sept.

OOK

264

335

OQK

350

471

410

OQA

395

ISM)

335

320

one

OQO

35.fl

365

365

°.K.ft

350

OOK

365

O«K

335

ona

292

395

410

395

365

NOTE. Discharge Pec. 15 to Mar. 10 estimated because of if>e from gage heights, observer's notes, weather 

records, and records of flow of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis. Braced figures show mean discharge for 

periods indicated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIS'. 141

Monthly discharge of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,330 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

April........... ...............................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,120

894 

942

6,140

1,440 

1,040 

3,830 

755 

542 

471

6,140

Minimum.

485 

502 

381

537 

469 

801 

426 

278 

264

264

Mean.

710 

709 

515 

411 

434 

2,610 

815 

693 

1,470 

552 

375 

352

806

Per

square 

mile.

0.534 

.533 

.387 

.309 

.326 

1.96 

.613 

.521 

1.11 

.415 

.282 

.265

.606

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.62 

.5fr 

.45 

.36 

.34 

2.26 

.68 

.60 

1.24 

.48 

.33 

.30

8.25

SUGAR RIVER NEAR BRODHEAD, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 9 E., at highway bridge 2 miles southwest of 

Brodhead, Green County, about 12 miles above Illinois State line. Jordan Creek 

enters from right about 2 miles below station, and Little Jordan Creek, also from 

right, about 4 miles above.

DRAINAGE AREA. 529 square miles (measured on map issued by Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 7, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by Arthur Christensen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; control not well defined. 

Right bank of medium height; rarely overflowed. Left bank at the gage overflowed at stage of about 7 feet on the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.48 feet at 4.30 

p. m. June 13 (discharge, 2,710 second-feet); minimum discharge about 85 second-feet February 11.

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 11.4 feet, September 13, 1915 (discharge 

about 13,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.4 foot at 10 a. m., Sunday, 

August 30, 1914, when water was undoubtedly being held at the dam (discharge, 

determined from extension of the rating curve, about 74 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; control changed somewhat by 

floods. Two rating curves as used for 1917, both only fairly well defined between 

228 and 4,500 second-feet. Gage read daily to quarter-tenths. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table, except for periods 

of ice effect, for which it is ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily 

gage height corrected by means of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Open-water records fair; winter records roughly approximate.
142 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 21o

Made by 

E. L. Williams.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.15

2.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

162

144

Date.

Feb. 27o

May 23

Made by 

E.L.Williams.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.58

2.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

138

374

o Practically complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3-..........--.

4. .............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

iq

14............*

15..............

16..............

17-..........---

18..............

1Q

20..............

91

22..............

OO

24.. ............

OC

26..............

27....-.....--..

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

237

246

246

237

228

351

O07

202

228

228

99ft

228

007

168

274

237

219

237

246

94.fi

q«7

322

308

469

416

335

308

Nov.

296

284

9Qfi

274

007

296

264

274

qoo

qOO

383

284 qrtcj

qoo

9Qfi

255

264

264

99R

2%

9QA

284

285

OQC

274

qoo

264

274

264

Dec.

296

274

O07

274

274

OC K

9c c

9Qfi

q99

Occ

255

9-A^

oq e

230

9ftfi

195

180

170

165

160

155

1 Crt

160

180

170 inn

145

Jan.

160

180

175

165

160

165

165

170

165

165

1 ^ft

10A

14H

150

160

165

140

145

14.c

155

14A

i nn

160

160

185

155

Feb.

165

170

ISO

170

IfiS

170

165

140

QC

115

120

19K

130

135

150

150

170

175

170

17>5

17^

160

180

170

160

Mar.

160

160

165

140

170

165

occ

510

545

KQe

I cort

1,830

1,720

1 240

1,120

1,100

1,010

1,180

1,090

i i *\fl

1 190

1 t\M\

1 440

830

580

580

458

405

405

405

Apr.

370

388

405

q7ft

354

qoo

O7fi

97fi

276

9Q1

276

97ft

222

248

262

291

423

920

740

440

17ft

338

.405

423

440

May.

620

660

620

423

370

322

338

338

322

q99

276

97fi

222

276

276

262

262

248

222

248

262

276

276

354

306

405

405

338

322

338

June.

475

660

830

830

875

1,060

920

875

785

"54 H

338

 dAft

2,710

2,350

1,390

740

580

475

458

405

370

338

388

660

785

920

7nn

580

510

July.

660

580

475

370

338

388

440

405

322

306

306

338

338

306

306

475

475

405

306

291

276

262

306

405

306

276

291

262

222

248

248

Aug.

262

222

222

222

91 A

248

9fi9

248

306

322

248

OftO

291

262

248

222

248

248

262.

222

210

150

235

248

248

276

Sept.

262

173

222

235

248

248

306

338

197

099

306

276

9Q1

306

222

262

248

262

235

128

248

262

235

276

9fi9

262

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 24, 25, and Dec. 11 to Mar. 20.

Monthly discharge of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 529 square miles.)

Month.

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

505 

383 

322 

185 

185 

1,830 

920 

660 

2,710 

660 

322 

338

2,710

Minimum.

168 

228 

145 

130 

85 

140 

222 

222 

338 

222 

150 

128

85

Mean.

281 

289 

211 

156 

155 

810 

378 

337 

797 

353 

246 

249

356

Per

square 

mile.

0.531

.546 

.399 

.295 

.293 

1.53 

.715 

.637 

1.51 

.667 

.465 

.471

.673

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.61 

.61 

.46 

.34 

.31 

1.76 

.80 

.73 

1.68 

.77 

.54 

.53

9.14
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 143

IOWA RIVER AT MARSHALL-TOWN, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 84 N., B. 18 W., at Third Avenue highway bridge, 1 mile north of 

Marshalltown, Marshall County, and about a mile below site of old gaging station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,380 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 21, 1915, to September 30, 1917; February 23, 1903, to 

August 8, 1903, for old site a mile above present station. >

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge, 60 feet from right pieri 

read by B. S. Beehrle.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge, to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change; right bank not 

subject to overflow; left bank will be overflowed at stages above 13 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.4 feet March 27 

(discharge, 9,640 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.32 feet October 9 (discharge, 56 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. One rating curve, well defined 

below 2,000 second-feet, used during 1917. Gage read once daily to hundredths. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table. Openwater records good.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept 30, 1917.

Date. Made by hSi

Feet. 

2.56

4.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

134

775

Date.

June 26

Sept. 13

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.24

2.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

7fiQ

9ftQ

Measurement made from a boat.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. ..................

2...................

o

4...................

K

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

91

100

129

113

97

94

129

97

56

84

100

97

91

84

78

72

78

84

87

91

87

91

113

94

129

129

129

129

163

146

146

Nov.

129

129

129

113

129

113

113

129

146

129

129

163

233

180

163

146

129

129

113

129

129

146

163

180

129

146

146

163

163

163

Dec.

146

129

129

129

129

146

129

129

75

87

97

129

110

97

78

69

Mar.

1,420

1,160

3,640

4,580

7,320

7,320

7,100

9,520

8,000

9,460

5,900

4,480

3,380

2,580

Apr.

1,960

1,720

1,460

1,320

1,320

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,220

1,120

1,520

<Wrt

930

840

795

710

670

795

840

840

840

930

930

975

930

840

750

710

1,120

1,160

May.

1,260

1,320

1,420

1,520

1,620

1,360

1,160

1,060

975

840

750

710

670

630

590

590

550

453

511

415

434

511

550

590

590

550

550

434

472

511

511

June.

590

930

1,020

1,460

2,160

3,640

7,100

6,760

6,980

8,220

8,110

7,100

6,660

4,580

3,730

2,810

1,900

1,420

1,220

1,060

975

930

885

840

795

750

750

710

670

630

July.

590

472

472

434

415

434

415

472

472

630

670

550

453

396

377

396

415

377

377

322

377

340

340

590

434

359

340

286

268

233

198

Aug.

163

180

129

m

100

107

81

129

180

198

180

163

233

215

198

163

146

146

163

146

113

87

113

113

129

146

146

146

69

75

84

Sept.

69

78

07

107

180

180

163

268

<Wtfi

286

O£A

198

163

129

129

113

107

07

91

84

81

87

91

97

107

100

97

91

97
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30 ,>1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,380 square miles.]

Month.

V

October .......................................

November. ....................................

March 18-31........ ...........................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in secoad-feet.

Maximum.

163 

233 

146

9.640 

1,960 

1,620 

8,220 

670 

233 

396

Minimum.

56 

113 

69 

1,160 

670 

415 

590 

198 

69 

69

Mean.

103 

143 

113 

5,430 

1,060 

778 

2,850 

416 

140 

139

Per 

square 

mile.

0.075 

.104 

. .082 

3.93 

.768 

.564 

2,06 

.301 

.101 

.101

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.09 

.12 

.05 

2.05 

.86 

.65 

2.30 

.35 

.12 

.11

IOWA RIVER AT IOWA CITY, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 79 N., R. 6 W. at highway bridge about 500 feet below Chicago, 

Rock Island & Pacific Railway main-line bridge; about three-quarters of a mile 

below Iowa State University's power plant, three-quarters of. a mile downstream from old gaging station, which was at county highway bridge a short 

distance above dam.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,140 square miles (measured on map issued by United StatesGeological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 30, 1913, to September 30, 1917, at present site; June 

11, 1903, to July 21, 1906, for old gaging station.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to upstream handrail of bridge about 40 feet from lefthand end of first span from left bank; read by Ray Stramp, C. P. McGrath, and 

A. Kostal.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached, or from a 

boat about 1,000 feet below highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand; subject to change. Right bank 

high and will not be overflowed; left bank will be overflowed at high stage under 

a pile trestle approach to the bridge and beyond the left end of the approach at 

extremely high stage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.8 feet June 7 

(discharge, 6,950 second-feet); gage not read during high water June 9-22. Minimum stage recorded, .50 foot December 26 (discharge, about 10 second-feet). 

Maximum stage ever recorded, about 15 feet (old gage) night of June 2-3, 1903 

(discharge, about 20,000 second-feet); minimum discharge, about 10 second-feet 

December 26, 1916.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued during 

winter.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuations at low stages owing to operation of 

power plant above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge probably permanent during year. Rating curve well 

defined between 142 and 11,000 second-feet. Gage read once daily to halftenths. Daily discharge, except as noted below, ascertained by applying daily 

gage height to rating table. No gage readings available October 1-3, March 15 to 

April 10, and June 9-22; discharge estimated from record of discharge at Marshalltown. Records for periods in which discharge was estimated and in which it was 

less than 142 second-feet fair; records for periods of low water with marked diurnal 

fluctuation are of doubtful value; other records excellent.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 145

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 21

28

28

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.39

.78

.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

193

340

334

Date.

Sept. 16

Made by 

.....do.................

Ga^e 

height.

Feet. 

5.02

Qfi

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3.190

458

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917".

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

75

180

150

112

56

86

207

42

207

174

207

174 win

207

35

158

225

174

158

112

29

29

225

243

280

280

280

300

243

261

243

Nov.

261

280

236

236

93fi

236

236

261

320

300

261

236

261

236

218

168

184

136

136

152

168

218

261

280

280

168

152

168

184

218

Dec.

280

300

280

236

Ofil

261

261

280

300

280

261

200

136

107

121

22

22

82

22

22

22

22

99

17

14

10

22

22

9fi

32v\

Apr.

2,800

1,700

1,570

1.440

1,380

1,310

1,310

1,240

1,180

1,120

1,180

1,380

1,700

1,440

1,380

1,240

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,310

1,640

May.

2,520

2,360

2,210

2,140

2,210

2,360

2,360

2,140

1,920

1,780

1,570

1,500

1 380

1,310

1,180

1,120

1,000

950

950

840

950

2,140

1 980

1^630

1,440

1,310

1,120

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,240

June.

1,L"0

2,440

3,620

3,620

5,000

6,730

6,950

6,730

7,300

3,170

3,440

2,520

2,280

2,060

1,780

1,780

1,500

July.

1,500

1,310

1,240

1,240

1,180

1,120

1,060

1,060

1,180

950

895

895

950

950

840

840

785

950

840

785

735

785

635

735

635

635

685

635

560

610

610

Aug

445

340

422

422

300

340

735

512

400 ^340

422

340

320

422

229

221

360

261

261

360

320

300

243

204

221

188

239

261

300

280

261

Sept.

280

218

490

422

300

1,060

1,060

1,240

1,240

1,180

785

635

735

490

512

360

467

445

422

400

380

261

340

467

380

467

422

445

225

261

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 191"i 

[Drainage area, 3,140 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

320 

320 

300

2,520

1,500 

735 

1,240

Minimum.

29 

136 

10 

1,120

840 

1,120 

560 

188 218'

Mean.

177 

223 

128 

1,840 

1,570 

5.230 

898 

331 

546

Per 

square 

mile.

0.056 

.071 

.041 

.586 

.500 

1.666 

.286 

.105 

.174

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0-06 

.08 

.05 

.65 

.58 

1.86 

.33 

.12 

.19

96719° 19 WSP 4£
146 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

IOWA RIVER AT WAPELLO, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 27, T. 74 N., R. 3 W., at highway bridge about half a mile from 

railroad station at Wapello, Louisa County, and 20 miles from mouth of Iowa 

River. No large tributaries enter near station.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 12,480 square miles; at mouth, 12,600 square 

miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 

500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 26, 1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached near center of first span from right abutment; read by 

C. W. Warren.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; shifts slightly. Right 

bank high and will not be overflowed; levee along left bank might break or be 

overtopped at extremely high stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.2 feet, March 

29 (discharge, 52,000 second-feet); minimum discharge, 400 second-feet'December 15-17. Maximum known stage prior to 1917, about 14.3 feet about April 

3, 1912 (discharge, about 58,000 second-feet). The flood of June, 1892, was 

much higher.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent; one rating curve used during 

1917, well defined throughout. Gage read once daily to hundredths. Daily 

discharge, except as noted below, ascertained by applying daily gage height to 

rating table. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 14 to March 9; 

discharge ascertained from one discharge measurement, observer's notes, gage 

heights, and weather records. Open-water records excellent; winter records 

fair.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

%n 7077 *

Date.

Nov. 20

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.52

.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,080

Date.

Mar. 29

Sept. 18

Made by SB.

Feet. 

12.9

Qd

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

50,200

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 147

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

,11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28.........^....

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,700

1,630

1,630

1-,560

1,440

1 <*7fi

1,370

1,310

1,370

1,370

1,370

1,370

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,250

1,250

1,310

1,370

1,440

1,440

1,370

1,630

1

QQA

1,910

1,840

1,770

1,700

1,630

Nov.

1,630

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,770

1,770

1,840

1,840 i ftdrt

1,910

1,910

1

CMA

1,910

1,500

1,500

1,560

1,630

1,770

1,980 i Qsn

1,840

1,910

1,700

1,630

1,630

1,630

Dec.

1,770

1,770

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,630

1,500

1,370

1,250

830

500

400

400

400

500

500 Ann

600

600

700

700

700

700

700

700

650

650

650

Jan.

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

700

800

800

900

900

onn

800

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

800

900

800

700

7IYI

700

800

onn

1,000

1,000

Feb.

1,000

900

800

700

700

7nn

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

700

700

700

800

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1 000

1,000

1,000

Mar.

1,000

1 OftO

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,500

3,400

4,400

5,510

7,510

15,700

19,200

15,700

16,900

19,200

15,700

13,500

12,200

9,880

10,500

13,200

15,000

15,700

18,000

24,700

48,300

45,900

35,800

Apr.

30,200

24,200

1»,600

18,000

12,800

14,600

10,500

9,570

9,260

8,960

8,660

8,360 7 ?on

7,510

6,980

6,980

6,980

6,470

6,470

6,470

6,720

6,470

6,470

6,470

6,470

6,470

6,470

6,220

6,470

7,240

May.

10,500

11,500

10,800

9,880

11,200

11,200

10,500

9,'260

8,660

8,660

7,510

6,720

6,470

5,740

5,510

5,060

4,840

4,620

4,620

4 4flfl

4 4fX1

6,720

10,800

8,960

7,240

6,220

5,740

5,510

5,060

5,510

5.060

June.

5,510

6,220

9,880

12,200

14,600

21,700

24,700

25,600

26,500

26,500

25,600

26,000

27,400

32,700

43,500

41,200

38,500

33,200

25,600

21,300

17,700

12,800

10,500

11,800

10,500

9 9RO

8,360

8,660

9,880

12,200

July.

13,900

13,200

10,200

9,260

8,360

8,070

7,510

7,510

8,070

6,980

5,980

4,840

6,720

6,470

5,980

5,510

5,510

5,510

5,510

5,060

4,840

5,060

5,280

5,510

5,060

4 840

4,840

4,840

4,620

4,190

3,790

Aug.

3,790

3,400

3,210

2,850

3,030

2,850

5,060

5,280

3,030

2,850

2,850

3,030

3,030

3,030

3,030

2,850

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,680

2,520

2,360

2,210

2,210

2,140

1,980

1,910

1,910

1,910

Sept.

1,840

1,840

2,210

3,030

4,620

5,980

9,570

6,980

4,840

4,190

3,210

2,850

2,850

2,680

2 Rsn

2,680

2,520

2,210

2,140

2,060

1,980

1,980

1 98ft

1,910

I

ftirt

1,770

1,770

1,910

1,770

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 80,1917. 

[Drainage area, 12,480 square miles.]

Month.

March................*........................

May...........:...............................

July...........................................

September. . ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

' 1,980 

1,980 

1,770 

1,000 

1,000 

48,300 

30,200 

11,500 

43,500 

13,900 

5,280 

9,570

48,300

MinimmTi1,250 

1,500 

400 

650 

600 

1,000 

6,220 

4,400 

5,510 

3,790 

1,910 

1,770

400

Mean.

1,490 

1,750 

999 

760 

761 

12,800 

9,860 

7,380 

20,000 

6,550 

2,890 

3,060

5,690

Per 

square 

mile.

0.119 

.140 

.080 

.061 

.061 

1.03 

.790 

.591 

1.60 

.525 

.232 

.245

.456

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

a 14

.16 

.09 

.07 

.06 

L19 

.88 

.68 

L78 

.61 

.27 

.27

6.20

CEDAR RIVER AT JANESVILLE, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 91 N., R. 14 W., at Illinois Central Railroad bridge about 

a quarter of a mile below highway bridge and 3 miles above junction with Shellrock River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,660 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

KECORDS AVAILABLE. April 26,1905, to September 30,1906; May 28,1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream guardrail of bridge about the middle of 

left span; read by James Townsend.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of railroad bridge.
148 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PAKT V.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel; slightly shifting. Banks high

and not subject to overflow. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.6 feet 8 a. m.,

March 24 (discharge, 21,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.78 foot

December 10, (discharge, 181 second-feet.) 

1905-06 and 1915-1917: Maximum discharge, 22,600 second-feet March 28, 1906;

minimum stage recorded, 0.75 foot, November 3, 1915 (discharge, 173 second-feet). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued

during winter. 

REGULATION. May be slight diurnal fluctuation of water level owing to operation of

power plant at Waverly, 9 miles above station. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent. Rating curve well denned

throughout. Gage read once daily to hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained

by applying daily gage height to rating table. Records excellent.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

Date.

Mar. 28

Sept. 15

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7 34

12.55

1.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,940

17,000

292

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

Day.

1........... ........

2...................

3...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

g

10

11...................

12...................

14 ..................

15...................

16. .......'...........

17. ..................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22. ..................

23. ..................

24 ...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

291

2&4

251

245

251

242

236

236

232

236

232

2-12

223

211 9d>;

232

220

211

232

271

236

232

275

251

284

281

291

268

288

Nov.

281

291

267

261

239

248

267

258

302

oQn

334

300

250

250

250

302

316

010

306

267

258

267

288

309

Dec.

264

255

9fil

258

251

255

181

267

Mar.

10,400

21,200

16,600

9 440

6,700

3,410

2,320

Apr.

2,090

1,280

1,2&0

1,340

1,390

1,280

1,120

1,060

955

QCK

903

852

802

679

728

728

903

903

ow

1 280

l!l70

1,120

1 rtfift

1,010

903

1,010

1,010

May.

1,390

1,450

1,510

1,060

955

S62

SC2

703

654

630

654

679

583

514

471

451

451

471

630

606

7EO

728

703

852

802

802

752

S02

852

752

June.

1,630

2,650

2,740

2,020

1,750

2,320

3,310

4,280

3,620

2 j.no

2,240

2 1 fift

1,950

1,750

1,390

955

QfW

752

728

703

752

1,690

5,520

14,200

5,780

4,760

2,920

2 A Oft

July.

2,650

2,160

2.020

1,950

1,450

1,230

1,120

1,230

1,750

 i con

1,340.

1,280

1,390

1,450

1,280

1,120

852

1.010

852

559

8 TO

QCO

679

752

802

703

852

583

583

654

Aug.

1,060

654

559

4^1

451

493

471

451

J.Q9.

654

 752

606

583

606

537

559

903

654

606

471

410

071

.410

390

334

288

316

vu

316

334

306

Sept.

316

334

334

316

295

306

211

288

9dR

264

245

264

2S8

313

334

284

298

306

306

316

559

430

410

410

^71

334

514
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASIN. 149

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Draiage area, 1,660 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

December 1-12 ................................

March 23-31 ...................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

298 

410 

302 

21,200 

2,090 

1,510 

14,200 

2,650 

1,060 

559

Minimum.

211 

220 

181 

2,320 

679 

451 

703 

559 

288 

211

Mean.

250 

283 

 257 

8,620 

1,110 

793 

2,730 

1,210 

510 

327

Per 

square 

mile.

0.151 

.170 

.155 

5.19 

.669 

.478 

1.64 

.729 

.307 

.197

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.17 

.19 

.07 

1.74 

.75 

.55 

1.84 

.84 

.35 

.22

CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 83 N., R. 7 W., in central part of Cedar Rapids, Linn County, about 

half a mile below dam, between electric-railroad bridge and Seventh Avenue 

combination railroad and footbridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 6,640 square miles; at junction with Iowa 

River, 7,930 square miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological 

Survey; sca,le, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 26, 1902, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Inclined staff gage fastened to posts driven in right bank of the river in rear 

of plant of the Iowa Windmill & Pump Co. ; read by R. S. Toogood. Elevation of zero of gage from Northwestern Railroad levels, 723.03 feet above sea level.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from different bridges in the vicinity of the gage, 

according to the stage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and gravel; free from vegetation 

and practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.2 feet at 6 p. 

m., March 26 (discharge, 54,200 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded 

during year, 2.9 feet October 9-17 (discharge, 740 second-feet); minimum winter 

discharge much less.

1902-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 17.2 feet April 1, 1912, and March 26, 

1917 (discharge, 54,200 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 2.5 

feet July 24-28, 1911 (discharge, 410 second-feet); minimum during period of ice 

effect in December, 1916, probably much less. Greatest known flood probably 

occurred in June, 1851, when the maximum stage was about 20 feet, and the discharge about 65,000 second-feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, except in very mild winters, when the 

swift current and the proximity to the power plant keep the measuring section 

open.

REGULATION. Power has been developed at the new dam above the gaging station 

during 1917. There is no direct evidence yet of effect on gage readings. There 

is no dam for a long distance below Cedar Rapids and no backwater at gaging 

station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation nearly permanent. Rating curve well denned. 

Gage read once daily, to tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying dailygage height to rating table. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 

14 to March 18; discharge estimated as 70 per cent of discharge at Wapello. Openwater records excellent; winter records fair.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by United States Weather Bureau.
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 22

Jan. 5 a

Made by 

.....do.................

Ga?e 

height.

Feet. 

3.31

3.31

Dis- 

. charge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,300

Date.

Mar. 27

Sept. 16

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

15.40

3.25

Discharge.

Se-.-ft. 

44,900

1,240

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet o f Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1............ .......

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

10

20...................

21...................

oo

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

1.020

870

870

870

870

870

870

870

740

740

740

740

740

740

740

740

740

870

870

870

- 870

870

870

870

1,020

1,180

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,180

1,180

Nov.

1,180

1,180

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

870

870

1,020

1,180

1,020

870

870

870

1,020

1,020

1,180

1,350

1,180

1,180

1,020

1,020

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,180

Dec.

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

870

870

870

870

400

Mar.

900

4,050

3,720

4,730

7 890

8^610

8,610

6,820

4,050

3,390

4,730

6,820

10,100

10 800

24J500

52,600

35,200

17,800

13,900

Apr.

10,800

8,970

8,250

7,170

6,820

6,120

5,770

5,420

5,420

5,070

5,070

4,730

4,730

4,050

3,720

3,720

3,390

3,070

2,770

3,070

3,070

3,070

3,390

3,720

4,050

4,050

3,720

3,390

3,720

4,050

May.

4,730

4,730

5,070

5.770

5,770

5,420

5,070

4,730

4,390

4,060

3,390

3,070

2,480

2,480

2,210

2,210

1,960

1,960

1,840

2,480

2,480

2,480

2,210

2,480

2,770

2,480

2,480

2,770

June.

2,770

2,770

5,420

6,120

8,970

9,346

10,100

10,800

10,100

11,600

13,900

18,600

10,800

8,970

7,890

5,770

4,730

4,390

3,720

4,050

3,720

3,390

3,720

7,170

13,100

10,800

July.

7,890

6,820

5,770

5,770

5,070

5,070

4,730

4,050

3,720

3,720

4*050

3,390

3,390

3,390

3,390

3,070

3,070

3,070

3,070

3,070

3,070

3,390

3,390

3,390

3,070

2,770

2,480

2,210

Aug.

1,960

1,840

1,840

1,810

1,030

1,630

1,(30

1,(30

1, C30

1,630

1,630

1, 8,0

1,960

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,440

1,260

,260

,260

,100

,100

,100

,100

Sept.

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,630

1,630

1 630

1*260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

NOTE. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 151

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for the year ending Sept, SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 6,640 square miles}

Month.

October. ......................................

December. ....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,180 

1,350 

1,020

52,600 

10,800 

5,770 

18,600 

7,890 

1,960 

1,630

52,600

Minimum.

740 

870

2,770 

1,840 

2,770 

2,210 

1,100 

1,100

Mean.

886 

1,060 

641 

530 

630 

10,100 

4,810 

3,280 

8,220 

3,920 

1,600 

1,220

3,070

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.133 

.160 

.097 

.079 

.079 

1.52 

.725 

.494 

1.24 

.590 

.241 

.184

.462

Run-off 

(depth in

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.15 

.18 

.11 

.09 

.08 

1.75 

.81 

.57 

1.38 

.68 

.28 

.21

6.29

SHELLROCK RIVER NEAR CLARKSVILLE, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 92 N., R. 16 W., at highway bridge 1J miles northwest of Clarksville, Butler County, and about 25 miles above junction with Cedar River. No 

large tributaries enter for several miles up and down stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,660 square miles at station and 2,680 square miles at junction 

with Cedar River (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; 

scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 28, 1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to handrail on upstream side of bridge 75 feet from right 

abutment; read by Mrs. H. H. Sherburne.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of rock and sand; probably permanent. 

Right bank high and will not be overflowed; left bank will probably be overflowed during extreme high stage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year about 14.7 feet, March 22 

(probably affected by ice); minimum stage recorded since station was established 

1.15 feet October 23, 1916 (discharge, 125 second-feet). In April, 1907, a stage 

of about 16.5 feet was reached (discharge, about 19,000 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice November 14-18, 25-26 and December 

9 to about March 22; observations discontinued during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 200 and-10,000 second-feet; not well 

defined outside these limits. Gage read once daily to hundredths. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table; estimated 

for period of ice effect. Records excellent except those for extremely low, and 

high stages, which are fair; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 12

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.71

5.01

1.67

Discharge.

Sfc.-ft. 

274

2,660

245
152 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. ........ ..........

2.. .................

3...................

4 .. . ... . ... ...

5...................

6...................

7. ..................

8...................

9...................

1C...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17.... ...............

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22. ..................

23...................

24...................

25. ..................

26...................

27.. .................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

188

1C5

165

155

175

155

145

14c

145

145

145

145

145

165

175

145

145

165

145

- 135

125

14C

165

188

200

200

175

175

Nov.

165

165

165

165

165

165-

165 1"";

225

345

308

255

225

200

175

175

175

175

175

175

188

188

188

188

175

200

255

175

165

Dec.

165

155

155

155

14^

 M c

14*

155

100

100

100

Mar.

S

o^.n

2,730

2,440

Apr.

2,340

2,160

1,980

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,730

1,570

1,420

1,280

1,200

1,060

1,000

935

870

805

805

740

870

870

1,280

1,340

1,340

1,140

1,060

1,060

1,200

1,140

1,140

1,650

May.

1,810

1,900

1,570

1,340

1,340

1,280

1.140

1,000

870

805

805

740

680

620

565

510

485

435

388

1,000

870

870

870

805

710

620

805

1,140

935

805

1,340

June.

1,900

1,570

1,500

1,340

1,060

2,440

5,640

3,820

2,940

2,240

1,810

1,500

1,810

1,500

1,200

935

870

772

650

592

538

650

805

2,530

2,530

2,160

1,650

1,650

1,730

1,570

July.

1,500

1,340

1,200

1,140

935

870

710

1 280

1,140

1,060

1,000

1,000

935

870

805

805

1,000

1,000

805

680

680

2,440

2,160

1,500

1,000

805

710

650

565

510

510

Aug.

510

510

485

485

485

485

650

935

1,000

510

510

485

460

485

460

410

365

345

325

308

272

272

255

240

225

225

225

225

225

225

212

Sept.

212

212

212

200

188

188

200

212

435

345

290

272

255

240

255

240

' 240

225

200

212

345

308

290

255

240

212

225

325

255

225

NOTE. Observations of stage suspended Dec. 14 to Mar. 27 because of ice.

Monthly discharge of Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

30. 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,660 square Ailes.]

Month.

October .......:...............................

March28-31. .............. . . .......... .

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

AUgUSt ....................................:...

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

212

345 

165 

3,360 

2,340 

1,900 

5,640 

2,440 

1,000 

435

Minimum.

125 

165

2,440 

740 

388 

538 

510 

212 

188

Mean.

161 

195 

132 

2,760 

1,320 

937 

1,730 

1,020 

413 

250

Per 

square 

mile.

0.097 

.118 

.079 

1.66 

.795 

.565 

1.04 

.614 

.249 

.151

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.11 

.13 

.04 

.21 

.89 

.65 

1.16 

.71 

.29 

.17

SKUNK RIVER AT COPPOCK, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 74 N., R. 8 W., at highway bridge one-eighth mile above Chicago, 

Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge and a quarter of a mile above junction 

with Crooked Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,890 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 21, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by J. W. Ricks.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and sand; channel shifting.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 153

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.5 feet June 14 

(discharge, 15,700 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 52 second-feet 

October 17.

Maximum stage prior to 1917 about 24 feet (discharge, 30,000 second-feet) 

about the end of May, 1903.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued 

during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during the year, requiring the use of 

three rating curves applicable October 1-11, October 15 to November 26, and 

November 30 to September 30. The second rating curve, used during the rebuilding of piers of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge below the 

station, is not well defined; the other two curves are well defined. Discharge 

interpolated October 12-14 and November 27-29. Gage read once daily to 

hundredths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to 

rating table. Open-water records excellent.

Discharge measurements of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Made by C. Herlofson.]

Date.

Julv 13. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.22

4.56

Discharge.

Set. p. 

281

771

Date.

19.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.76

2.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1<M

144

a Sta£je-dis"har?e relation affected by backwater caused by cofferdam used during construction of new 

piers at tue Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge, one-eighth mile below gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

i.. ....... ..........

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

228

203

168

157

135

125

115

119

115

111

109

101

92

83

75

75

. 52

55

58

89

77

72

69

111

770

430

93

215

202

190

167

Nov.

145

135

135

120

118

116

114

116

433

469

364

270

242

256

270

228

178

145

125

114

112

111

156

215

331

 300

288

275

268

250

Dec.

265

250

250

238

238

214

214

238

202

190

179

Mar.

4,420

2,500

2.960

7,230

5,800

3,830

5,150

4,020

3,460

4,020

4,420

3,040

2,330

2,720

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,640

1,760

1,300

Apr.

1.120

940

885

785

835

885

785

785

785

885

885

835

835

785

736

735

885

885

i <&n

1,680

1,240

1,300

1,060

995

1,360

1 94ft

995

885

2,640

2,960

May.

7,360

7,2'0

3.8°0

3,920

5,260

4,020

3,290

2,640

2,330

2,040

1,900

1 620

1,420 i ^ftfl

1,180

1,120

1,000

885

835

785

735

6,260

K f\Af\

3,920

2,560

9 run

1,760

1,560

1,360

1,240

1 * 490

June.

1,360

1,960

5,470

6,740

8,810

12,900

14,200

12,900

11,000

9,810

9,090

8,670

8,950

15,400

15,000

iq Qflrt

13,000

12,200

11 300

9^960

8,260

6,620

5,360

4,120

3,040

2,480

2,330

o ndfl

1,960

2,100

July.

1,760

1,620

1,420

1,300

1,180

1.120

995

940

940

odn

1,060

885

785

690

690

600

645

785

785 wt

QQfJ

785

690

995

690

690

835

735

600

520

4fin

Aug.

422

388

355

340

325

295

480

690

340

310

265

265

250

9W

238

226

226

214

214

214

214

202 ion

190

170

179

168

168

1W

Sept.

157

310

2 79ft

785

560

520

690

«>7A

oqo

214

226

238

214

202

168

1 1\7

146

14R

iqe;

1^5

190

19Q

13*

I4fi

19Q

122

118

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 12 to Mar. 10; data inadequate for determinations 

of discharge.
154 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 2,890 square miles.)

Month.

October .......................................

December 1-11.................................

March 11-31. ..................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

770 

469 

265 

7,2aO 

2,960 

7,360 

15,400 

1,760 

690 

2,720

Mrntrmim.

52 

111 

179 

1,300 

735 

735 

1,360 

460 

157 

118

Mean.

150 

213 

225 

3,440 

1,110 

2,640 

8,030 

906 

268 

323

Per

square 

mile.

0.052 

.074 

.077 

1.19 

.384 

.913 

2.778 

,314 

.093 

.112

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.06 

.08 

.03 

.93 

.43 

1.02 

3.10 

.36 

.11 

.13

SKUNK RIVER AT AUGUSTA, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 69 N., R. 4 W., at highway bridge about one-third mile from 

Augusta post office, Des Moines County, and 12.2 miles from mouth of Skunk 

River, where it empties into pond of Mississippi River Power Co., 32.2 miles above 

dam at Keokuk, Iowa.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station 4,200 square miles; at mouth 4,350 square milea 

(measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 

500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 30 to November 15,1913; May 27,1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge about 95 feet from left 

abutment; read once daily by L. E. Williamson. Staff gage attached to downstream left side of middle pier, used by engineers of the Hydraulic Engineering 

Co. of Maine during 1913; datum of gage about 0.73 foot higher than that of chain 

gage; taken out by ice in spring of 1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change; right bank high 

and will not be overflowed; left bank will only be overflowed at extremely high 

stage; remains of old mill dam 600 feet below gage will probably make stagedischarge relation permanent. The riffle at the dam causes a drop of 3 feet at 

medium low stage. Backwater from the Mississippi can not occur oftener than 

once in about 50 years.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 17.0 feet June 7; 

minimum stage recorded, 1.20 feet September 24.

Maximum stage prior to 1917 approximately 21 feet about June 1, 1903 (discharge, nearly 40,000 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 63 second-feet 

November 10, 1913; absolute minimum discharge at this station probably 25 

second-feet or less.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 14 to March 12.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Skunk River at Augusta," Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

30, 1917. 

[Made by C. Herlofson.)

Date.

Oct. 17. ......................

Jan. 19 o.. ....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.63

10.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

RQ

140

12 

' 400

Date.

July 12. ......................

Sept. 20. ........:............

h».

Feet. 2 94

Dis- 

' charge.

Sec.-ft. i lift

1Q1

a Measurement made under ice cover.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 155

Daily gage height, in feet, of Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

Day.

1. ............. 

2.............. 

3. .............

4..............

5..............

6.............. 

7.............. 

8.............. 

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.............. 

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18.............. 

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23.............. 24.............:

25..............

26.............. 

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2.18 

2.13 

1 93

1.73

1.68

1.63 

1.63 

1.58 

1.53 

1.58

1.58

1.48 

1.53

1.58

1.48

1.43

1.48

1.53 

1.63

1.65

1.68

1.33 

1.58

1 79.

2.6

3.05 

3.05 

3.0

2.75 

2.25 

2.03

Nov.

1.95 

1.90 

1.90

1.87

1.85

1.90 

2.11 

1.95 

2.75 

2.85

2.85

2.75 

2.55

2.3

2.15

2.05

1.95

1.95

1.80

1 O7

1.96

2.00 

2.05 

2.00

1.75

1-85 

2.3 

2.45

2.65 

2.55

Dec.

2.45 

2.35 

2.17

2.13

1 97

1.92 

1.75 

1.77 

1.72 

"1.72

1.77

1.70 

1.77

1-82

1.87

1.77

1.82

1-.87

1.87 

1.87 

1.87

1.82

"i"92" 

1.97

2.02 

2.02 

2.12

Jan.

2.4 

"2."i6"

2.4

2.3 

2.4

2.45

"2.T"

3.1 

3-05

2.9

2.75

2.5

"i~95"

1.82

1.82

"5.'2"

4.3 

3.2

2.95

" "2." 85" 

2.8

Feb.

"2." 85" 

2.8

2.8

2 A

2.5

"2"07" 

2.02 

2.02

2.02

"2"65"

2.02

2.02

2.02

2.07 

2.2

2 19

2.12

2.17

2

0

2.4 

2.45

.......

Mar.

2.55 

2.6 

2.55

2.00

2.4

5.4 

5.4

11.0

10.0

8.4

7.6

7.0 

6.5

<; 9

5.0

4.8 

4.7 

4.6

4.6

4.5 

4.4 

. 4.2

4.0 

3.6 

3-5

Apr.

3.4 

3.4 

3-35

3-25

3

1

3-05 

3.0 

3.25 

3-3 

3.4

3.4

3-35 

3-4

3 4

3-3

3 11

3-6

3.6 

3.6

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.8 

3.8

4.3

4.0 

3.8 

3.8

4.2 

5.6

May.

11.9 

10.9

9

0

6.8

8.0

7.6 

6.0 

5.6

4-8 

4.6

4.3

4.1 

4.0

3.8

3.6

 3.5

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3 1

 6.2

10.0 

9.0 

6.6

5.2

5.1 

5.1 

5.0

5.0 

4.1 

4.1

June.

4.2 

5.1 

5.5

8.9

14.0

16.4 

17.0 

16.6 

16.2 

14.3

11.5

10.0 

13.4

12.2

12.8

14.6

14.2

12.6 

12.2

10.0

9.3

8.6 

7.2 

6.4

5.8

5.4 

4.6 

4.4

4.2 

4.2

July.

9.8 

3-6 

3-5

3-4

3-15

3.05 

3-0 

2.95 

3-15 

3-1

3-05

3.1 

3-05

2-4

2.7

2.6

2.55

2.6 

2.95

3 n

2.95

2.95 

3.05 3n

2.95

2.75 

2.7 

3.0

2.95 

3.0

2.55

Aug.

2.8 

2.7 

2.55

2.65

2.65

2.17 

2.45 

2.5 

3-1

2.55

2.5

2.25 

2.17

2.17

2.17

2.17

2.17

1.97 

1.97

1.87

2.17

1.97 

2.17 

2.17

2.3

1.67 

2.17 

2.17

2.17 

2.3 

2.17

Sept.

1.8 

1.75 

2.35

2.4

4.4

3.8 

3.6 

3.6 

 3.0

2.9

2.45

2.05 

2-2

2.25

2.2

2.25

2.2

2.2 

2.15

1.85

1.80

1.55

1.25

1.25

1.30 

2.00 

1.87

1.92 

1.90

DES MOINES RIVER AT KALO, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 17, T. 88 N., R. 28 W., at highway bridge at Kalo, Webster County, 

about 1J miles east of Otho, a station on Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad, and 1^ 

miles above mouth of Holiday Creek, which enters from left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,170 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey, scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 18,1913, to September 30, 1917, except October, 1914, 

to March 21, 1915, when the station was temporarily discontinued.

GAGE. tihain gage attached to downstream side of bridge in middle of right span; 

read by S. C. Fuller.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high stages made from bridge to which gage is 

attached; at low stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. No well-defined control; channel consists of gravel and is 

fairly permanent; point of zero flow estimated to be at gage height 1.0 foot.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year 12.9 feet March 22 

(discharge, 17,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded since establishment of 

. station, 0.25 foot October 12, 1916 (discharge, 66 second-feet).

1913-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 14.0 feet May 30, 1915 (discharge, 18,500 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice November 14-18, 24-26, December 9 to 

March 21; observations discontinued during winter.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent throughout year except as affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined between 200 and 12,000 second-feet; extended 

below 200 second-feet and only roughly approximate. Gage read once daily to 

quarter tenths. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to 

rating table; estimated November 14-18,24-26, because of ice. Records excellent 

except those below 200 second-feet, which are roughly approximate.
156 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 10

June 27

Sept. 14

Made by 

0. Hetlcf son. .............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.88

4.22

.76

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

270

2,880

219

Daily.discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River- at Kalo, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1...... .............

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7..... ..............

8.......... ........

9........ ..........

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15..................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

76

128

76

76

76

76

76

100

160

196

'76

66

76

76

196

160

128

128

88

88

76

100

128

100

76

160

178

160

128

100

J28

Nov.

196

216

198

100

100

160

160

370

2JO

347

302

236

IQft

150

100

100

100

300

325

280

280

258

280

250

250

236

236

258

236

Dec.

196

196

196

196

160

160

150

Mar.

%

15.100

14,800

14 200

13, 300

12 400

11, 500

7,330

Apr.

6,400

"5,800

5,210

5,070

5,070

4,650

4,510

4, 510

4,510

4,370

3,980

3,720

3,460

3,220

2,980

2,860

2 740

2,630

2,630

2,980

3,100

2,980

2,860

2,860

2,740

2,980

3,460

May.

4,110

3,980

3,850

3,850

3,850

3,590

3,220

2 860

2,630

2.410

2,200

2,000

1,820

1,730

1,640

1,480

1,480

1,320

1,320

1,180

1,400

2,000

2,520

2,860

3,100

3,100

2,860

2,630

2,630

2,630

2,630

June.

3,100

3,340

3,340

3,590

3,850

7,810

11,000

9,990

8,970

8,290

7,650

7,330

6,700

5,950

5,210

4,650

4,110

3,590

3,220

2,980

2,740

2,630

2,740

3,100

July.

2,520

2,200

1,640

1,640

1,640

1.820

2.000 2; ooo

2,630

2,630

2.300

2,000

1,820

1,640

1,640

1,560

1.480

1,400

1,320

1,180

1,110

1,110

1,040

1,320

1,910

1,250

1,040

905

840

645

Aug.

742

615

445

420

585

258

525

470

498

555

498

498

470

128

445

280

302

325

280

2SO

280

302

280

236

236

196

178

178

196

196

178

Sept.

160

178

160

128

144

160

370

280

302

236

236

236

178

196

196

178

160

160

160

178

178

196

196

178

178

178

178

258

196

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 4,170 square miles.]

Month.

March 22-31 ...................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

196 

347 

216 

15,100 

6,400 

4,110 

11,000 

2,630 

742 

370

Minimum.

66 

100 

150 

7,330 

2,630 

1,180 

2,630 

645 

128 

128

Mean.

Ill 

215 

183 

11,700 

3,740 

2,540 

5,000 

1,580 

357 

. 198

Per

square 

mile.

0.027 

.051 

.044 

2.81 

.897 

.609 

1.20 

.379 

.086 

.047

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.06 

.01 

.91 

100 

.70 

1.34 

.44 

.10 

.05
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI KIVEK BASIN. 157

DES MOINES RIVER AT DES MOINES, IOWA.

LOCATION. In T. 78 N., R. 24 W., at Walnut Street Bridge at Des Moines, Polk 

County, about one-third mile above mouth of Raccoon River and 205 miles above 

mouth of Des Moines River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,180 square miles. Effective area at high stages, including 

Raccoon River, 9,770 square miles (measured on map issued by United States 

Geological Survey; scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 2, 1902, to August 3, 1903; October 1, 1914, to September 30, 1917, at the Walnut Street Bridge. From May 26, 1905, to July 20, 

1906, records were collected at the Interurban Bridge near Highland Park, about 

5 miles above present station. The United States Weather Bureau has maintained a gage at the Locust Street Bridge from July 1, 1897, to January, 1912; 

and at the Walnut Street Bridge from January, 1912, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. The original Weather Bureau gage is a staff gage at the Locust Street Bridge; 

one block above the Walnut Street Bridge. In January, 1912, a Friez waterstage recorder was installed by the United States Weather Bureau in and near the 

south end of the second pier from the east abutment.of the Walnut Street Bridge. 

This gage is set to read the same as Locust Street gage. A copper float in a 9-inch 

pipe Connects with the register at the top, which is graduated to record graphically 

stages from 0 to 33 feet. Gage zero is 774.74 feet above sea level.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made at any one of several bridges below the power 

dam, according to the stage. Channel satisfactory for accurate measurements.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A sheet-piling dam was constructed about 300 feet above 

the old mouth of Raccoon River about September, 1913. This dam, called a 

"beauty dam," is for the purpose of raising the low-water stage of the river a few 

feet and thus improving the appearance of the river through the park along the 

bank. The pooled water from this dam extends past the gage to the power dam 

at low water. The dam thus forms a fairly permanent control at low stages. It is 

drowned out at stages of 8 to 10 feet, depending on the stage in Raccoon River. 

Dam is now in poor repair and the stage-discharge relation has been affected 

thereby.

EXTREMES op STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.1 feet June 10; 

minimum stage recorded, 1.3 feet in January.

1897-1917; maximum stage recorded, 22.6 feet, May 31, 1903; minimum stage 

recorded, 0.8 foot at various times.

ICE. The effect of the power dam above the station is to improve the conditions of 

winter flow, but severe winters and occasional ice jams below the gage often 

seriously affect the stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. The Edison Power & Light Co.'s dam, about one-fourth mile above 

gage, .causes slight diurnal fluctuation of stage. The dam is practically drowned 

out at a stage of 18 feet, although there is a perceptible ripple with a stage of 21 or 

22 feet.

COOPERATION. The gage-height records are furnished by the United States Weather 

Bureau.

Determinations of discharge withheld for additional data.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 9

Made by height.

Feet. 

2.00

5.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

362

3.890

359
158 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2.............. 

3.............. 

4.............. 

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

1.9 

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.8

1 Q

1 Q

1 Q

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Nov.

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.1

9 3

2.3

2.2

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.2

2 2

2.1

1 Q

1 Q

2 0

2.1

9 1

Dec.

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.7

1

C

1*6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

Jan.

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

I

K

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

Feb.

::::::.

Mar.

.......

4.8

5.7

5.0

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.5

4.5

5 R

6.3

9

0

10.6

12.0

13 9

13.0

19 9

10.9

Q 8

8.8

Apr.

7.9 

7.2 

6.8 

6.6 

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.2

5.9

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.2

5

O

5.4

5 7

May.

6.1 

6.6 

6.8 

6.8 

6.8

,6.6

6.5

6.1

5.7

5.4

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

4.1

4.8

5.3

5.4

5.4

5.4

5 A

5.2

i 1

5.1

June.

5.3 

5.7 

6.2 

6.0 

7.5

10.2

13.2

15.1

15.7

16.1

15.9

14.3

13.0

12.4

10.5

9.0

8.2

7.5

7.0

6.5

6.2

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.6

July.

5.5 

5.4 

5.0

4.8 

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.7

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.1

Aug.

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

Sept.

2.1 

2.1 

2.1

2.4 

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

23

2.3

2.2

2.1

. 2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.6

DES MOINES RIVER AT OTTTTMWA, IOWA.

LOCATION. At Market Street Bridge, Ottumwa, Wapello County. No large tributary within several miles up or down stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 13,200 square miles (measured on map issued by the United States 

Geological Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Fragmentary high-water observations 1902-1916; daily records 

March 29 to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge. Staff gage painted 

on northeast face of north pier used prior to August 2, 1917.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Vine Street Bridge about 1,500 feet below

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel probably fairly permanent. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 16.5 feet June 

11; minimum stage recorded, 1.5 feet September 25-30.

Maximum discharge since 1850 and probably in the last century occurred May 

31, 1903, and exceeded 100,000 second-feet. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record obtained by the United States Weather Bureau. 

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Ottumwa, Iowa, for the period Sept. 18,

1914, to Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

1914. 

Sept. 18

1915.

June 1

Made by 

Bolster and Davis.. ....

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.60

15.96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

24,400

56,300

Date.

1917. 

June 29

Made byBolster and Herlofson. .

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.32 

2.60

4.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,070 

1,960

6,200
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 159

Dq,ily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Ottumwa, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

T. .........

8..........

9.......... 

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

1 t\

Mar.

......

Apr;

8.3

7.1

6.5

6.1

6.0 

5.8

5.3

5.3

5.3

5

0

5.2

5

0

5.1 

5.1 

5.1

May.

7.6

7.5

6.5

7.6

8.3

7 *\

7.7

R Q

6.2 

5.6

5

C

5

0

5.2 

5.1 

5.0

June.

4.7

6.5

8 Q

8.4

10.7 

11.7

10 0

13.8

13.9 

16.0

16.5

15.6

16.2 

15.6 

14.6

Aug.

2.6

2.6

2

K

2

C

2.3 

2.3

2

0

2

0

2.2

2

0

2.2

2.1

2.1 

2.1

2 1

Sept.

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6 

3.0

4

Q

3

0 

. 0 

0 Q

2.4

2

0

2.3 

2.3

0 0

- Day.

16..........

17. ........ .

18..........

19..........

20.......... 

21..........

99

23..........

24..........

OC

26..........

97

28.......... 

29..........

0(\

31..........

Mar.

......

9.9 

10 3 

10.1

9.3

Apr.

5.1

5.1

i n

4.9

4.8 

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.9 

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

5.0 

5.8

May.

4.9

4 a

4.7

4.6

4.5 

4.4

4.6

4.7

4.5 

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.7 

4.7 

4.7

4.7

June.

13.5

12.5

8

K

8.3

7.1

6.7

6.3

5.9

5.6 

5.3

5.1

«1 Q

5.5 

5.3 

5.3

Aug.

2.1

2.1

2

n

1.8

1.8 

1.8

1 S

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7 

1.7

1.7

Sept.

2.1

2. 1

2 1

2 A

2.0 

1.8

1

O

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1 f\

DES MOIRES RIVER AT KEOSAUQUA, IOWA.

LOCATION. In sec. 3<j, T. 69 N., R. 10 W., at county bridge, Keosauqua, Van Buren 

County, a quarter of a mile above old dam site and Government locks. No large 

tributary enters Des Moines River for several miles up or down stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 13,900 square miles; at mouth, 14,300 square 

miles (revised measurements made from map issued by United States Geological 

Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 30, 1903, to July 21, 1906; April 5 to December 31, 1910 

(United States Engineer Oorps); August 3, 1911, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream handrail of bridge; read by Frank SchreckenDISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel shifts considerably at flood stages. Control is a 

gravel riffle about one-fourth mile below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 18.45 feet June 14 

(discharge, 60,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.10 foot, several days 

in October (discharge, 330 second-feet).

Maximum stage since 1850 and probably in the last century, 27.9 feet thine 1, 

1903 (discharge, 97,000 second-feet); maximum stage June 1, 1851, about 24 feet 

(discharge, about 80,000 second-feet).

1903-1917: Minimum stage recorded, zero, August 28 to September 6, 1911 

(discharge, 160 secondrfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent for low and medium stages. 

Two fairly well denned rating curves were used. Gage read once daily to halftenths. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 13 to March 9; discharge estimated from observer's notes and weather records. Open-water records 

good; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 8

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.38

3.54

1.02

Discharge.

Sec.-/l. 

630

8,280

2,030
160

Daily du

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

in second-feet, of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for the year 

ending Sept. 30, '1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9. .............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

486

485

540

660

725

660

600

660

790

660

540

485

430

430

380

330

330

388

430

380

330

330

330

330

430

430

540

485

518

540

C^A

Nov.

529

588

588

588

564

529

529

600

725

725

725

660

660

660

995

1,220

790

725

725

725

790

790

858

925

858

790

790

790

660

660

Dec.

725

858

790

790

790

725

725

725

600

564

540

KAf\

300

Jan.

400

Feb.

350

500

Mar.

600

1,290

1,770

2,300

3,940

9,430

12,300

11,500

12,000

10,900

9,720

7,160

5,500

7,720

11,800

12,900

17,900

19.900

22,000

24,100

25,500

25,200

22,000

Apr.

17,900

14,100

11,800

10,600

9,430

8,850

8,280

8,280

8,280

8,280

8,000

8,000

8,280

7,720

7,160

6,600

6,600

6,040

6,880

6,040

5,500'

5,500

6,600

6,880

6,600

6,600

6,040

10,000

14,100

May.

19,900

17,200

12,900

20,300

21,300

18,900

16,600

14,100

11,800

m nnn

8,850

7,720

7 160 e'32o

5,770

4,970

4,710

4,190

3,940

3,700

3,460

12,900

7,160

4,710

6,600

6,600

6,320

6,040

6,040

6.040

6,600

June.

5,500

11,200

27,700

27,300

41,900

46,700

41,100

40,000

41,500

45,900

50,800

48,900

58,100

51,200

37,500

29,200

19,200

16,200

13,700

12,100

10,600

10,300

9,430

8,320

7,780

7,240

10,300

8,590

8,320

July.

8,050

7,780

7,240

6,700

5,640

5,380

4,880

4,630

4,390

4,390

4,390

4,630

4,880

4,630

4,390

4,150 A. t^n

4,150

4,150

3,680

3,440

3,440

3,440

3,010

3,440

3,010

3,220

3,010

2,800

2,700

2,200

Aug.

1,930

1,930

1,840

1,930

1 Q3f>

1,930

1 <Mfl

1 930

1^760

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,590

1,590

1 IQft

1,£00

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,420

1,420

1,590 i win

1 <M\

1,420

1,420

1,340

1,270

1,190

Sept.

1,190

1,190

1,110

1,190

1,110

1,420

6,700

6,160

4,6fO

3,010

2,110

2,110

2,110

1,930

1,670

1,590

 i vm

1,420

1,420

1,420

' 1,270

1,190

1,190

1,110

1,190

1,270

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 13,900 square miles,]

Month.

March .........................................

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

The vear . ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

790 

1,220

858

25,500 

17,900 

21,300 

58,100 

8,050 

1,930 

6,700

58.100

Minimum.

330 

529

5,500 

3,460 

5,500 2,200' 

1,190 

1,110

Mean.

490 

725 

454 

400 

382 

9,100 

8,350 

9,450 

26,700 

4,390 

1,620 

1,890

5,330

Per

square 

mile.

0.035 

.052 

.033 

.029 

.027 

.655 

.600 

.679 

1.92 

.316 

.117 

.136

.383

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.04 

.06 

.04 

.03 

.03 

.74 

.67 

.78 

2.14 

.36 

.13 

.15

5.17

RACCOON RIVER AT VAN METER, IOWA.

LOCATION. In SW. J sec. 22, T. 78 N., R. 27 W., at highway bridge about one-third

mile from railroad station, 1 mile below South Raccoon River, and 30 miles above

junction of Raccoon River with Des Moines River. 

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 3,410 square miles; at mouth, 3,590 square

miles (measured on map issued by United States Geological Survey, scale 1 to

500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 25, 1915, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge about 25 feet from right

end of bridge; read by Fred Vreeland. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 161

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand; subject to change. River divided 

into two channels at low and medium stages by an island; water surface 

slightly higher in the left channel than in the right at extreme low water; right 

bank high and not subject to overflow; left bank subject to overflow at a stage of 

about 13 feet. At extremely high stage this overflow will extend for several 

thousand feet beyond left end of bridge.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.5 feet June 7 

(discharge, 31,800 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.83 feet October 12 and 17 

(discharge, 64 second-feet).

1915-1917. Maximum stage recorded, June 7, 1917; minimum stage recorded 

1.8 feet August 29, 1916 (discharge, 60 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice November 14-20 and December 10 to 

March 19. Observations discontinued December 13 to March 13.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent throughout year. Rating curve 

well defined between 155 and 15,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths once 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying gage height to rating table; 

estimated November 14-20 because of ice. Open-water records excellent, 

except those for extremely low stages, which are fair^

Discharge measurements of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 10

Sept. 13

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.41

5.22

2.87

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

236

2,360

457

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.... ...............

5...................

6...................

7...................

S .

gio~ .................

11...................

12...................

10

14...................

1 ^

16..................

17...................

18...................

1 Q

20...................

21...................

99

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30

31...................

Oct.

275

222

149

149

190

143

81

72

72

75

72

61

72

74

Q1

69

64

68

72

81

91

104

81

91

149

152

162

187

266

222

Nov.

202

134

134

134

119

114

183

266

244

275

325

300

250

275

Ofifi

275

210

95

275

275

00 fk

257

222

Dec.

252

214

202

198

206

190

173

155

83

Mar.

.

4,320

4,810

6,680

9,540

7,260

7,700

8,000

8,450

8,000

6,400

3,620

2,680

Apr.

4

2,290

1,840

1,600

1,210

1,440

1,520

1,600

1,520

1,520

1,680

1,760

1,680

1,600

1,520

1,210

1,210

1,060

1,060

1,140

1,210

2,110

2,020

1,930

2,380

1,930

1,600

1,440

1 360

2,980

2,980

May.

3,080

3,300

3,400

3,960

4,200

3,960

3,400

3,080

2,580

2,290

1,930

1,680

1,520

1,360

1,210

1,060

1,060

995

925

855

855

1,930

3,080

2,110

1,760

1,520

1,360

1,210

1,140

1,140

1,360

June.

1,520

1,930

2,200

2,880

6,400

12,000

31 800

14,300

15,600

28,000

15,400

11,200

14,300

10.200

6,680

4,810

3,300

3,300

2,880

2,380

2,200

1,930

1,840

1,680

1,520

1,440

1,360

2,200

2,480

2,200

July.

1,840

1,520

1,280

1,140

1,060

995

995

855

855

925

995

855

855

790

725

725

822

725 660'

565

535

480

628

1,280

995

692

595

508

452

400

350

Aug.

375

350

350

400

375

350

325

300

350

425

375

325

375

350

300

300

325

275

262

252

218

252

325

300

275

198

101

239

226

180

172

Sept.

140

116

107

2,580

1,280

660

790

QQC

995

1,060

758

565

425

325

266

375

325

275

266

206

149

155

210

190

187

172

149

190

172

96719° 19 wsp 45E
162

Monthly di.

SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917. 

[Drainage area, 3,410 square miles.]

Month.

March 20-31 ...................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

275 

325 

252 

9,540 

2,980 

4,200 

31,800 

1,840 

425 

2,580

Minimum.

fc

95 

83 

2,680 

1.060 

855 

1.360 

480 

101 

107

Mean.

122 

223 

186 

6.460 

1,680 

2,040 

7,000 

842 

298 

480

Per 

square 

mile.

0.036

.065 

.055 

1.89 

.493 

.600 

2.05 

.247 

.087 

.141

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.04 

.07 

.02 

.73 

.55 

.69 

2.29 

.30 

.10 

.16

ILLINOIS RIVER AT FEORIA, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 2, T. 8 N., R. 8 E., at foot of Grant Street, Peoria, Peoria County, 

about 3J miles above station formerly maintained at Peoria & Pekin Union 

Railroad bridge and 4J miles above mouth of Kickapoo Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 8, 1910, to September 30, 1917; also March 10, 1903, to 

July 21, 1906, for station at Peoria & Pekin Union Railroad bridge.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to wooden pile; read by employee of United 

States Army Engineers.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of Lower Free bridge, 

about 2 miles below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of river, which forms control for medium and high 

stages, is mud and may shift. Dam at Copperas Creek probably forma control for 

lowest stages; permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 18.4 feet June 

15-17 (discharge, 34,800 second-f eet); mini mum stage, 10.0 feet October 1-4, 7-8, 

10-18, and 20 (discharge, 10,000 second-feet).

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 23.2 feet January 25, 1916 (discharge not 

determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water stage recorded, 

22.4 feet March 30 to April 2, 1913 (discharge, 55,000 second-feet); minimum 

stage, 8.0 feet December 14, 1910 (discharge, 7,250 second-feet).

The highest known flood occurred in 1844, when a stage of about 26.6 feet on 

the present gage was reached.

REGULATION. The flow at this station includes the water diverted from Lake Michigan through the Chicago Drainage canal.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; seriously affected by ice 

during the winters. Rating curve well-defined between 11,000 and 40,000 

second-feet and fairly well defined beyond these limits. Gage read to halftenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height 

to rating table. Records good for open-water periods; poor for winter periods.

COOPERATION. Gage-height records furnished by the United States Engineer Corps.

Discharge measurements of Illinois River at Peoria, III., during the years ending Sept.

 SO, 1916-17.

Date.

1916.

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt............

H. C. Beckman........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

11,900

Date.

1917. 

Mar. 31

July 30

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

15.03

12.67

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

20,500

14,700
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI KIVER BASIN. 163

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Illinois River at Peoria, III., for the years ending Sept.

30, 1910-1917.

Day.

1910. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1910-11. 

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

8,880

8,880

8,880

8,880

8,880

9,160

8,880

9,020

9,160

9,160

9.160

9,160

9,300

9,300

9,160

9,160

9,160

9,020

8,880

8,880

8,880

8,740

8,600

8,600

8,600

8,600

8,460

8,600

8,320

8,320

Nov.

8,320

8,320

8,320

8,320

8,180

8,320

8,180

8,320

8,180

8,180

8,180

8,180

8,180

8,180

8,180

8,040

8,040

8,040

8,040

8,040

8 040

8,040

8,040

8,180

s fun

8,040

Dec.

8,040

7 QftA

7,770

7,770

7,770

7,770

7,770 7 fiin

7,510

7,510

7,510

7

O Of]

, 7 oerft

Jan.

7,250

9,500

12,700

Feb.

12,600

12,500

13,400

15,000

16,400

17,800

19,000

19,600

20,200

20,200

19,600 in nnn

in nnn

19,000

18,400

Mar.

26,900

29,000

30,300

30,800

31,200

31,200

31,200

30,300

29,800

29,400

28,500

27,700

26,900

26,500

28,100

25,300

24,500

23,700

23,300

22 100

21 '700

20,800

20,200

19,900

17,800

17,200

16,900

15,800

15,400

15,000

15,000

H 4fin

15,000

14 Ann

14,200

14,600

14,600

14,200

14,200

14,000

13,800

13,800

13,400

i Q nnn

19' f?nn

1 9 inn

11,800

19 Qnn

12,100

n ofin

11,800

Apr.

19,600

19,000

18,400

17,800

17,200

17,800

16,900

16,400

16,200

15,800

15,600

15,800

15,000

14,600

14,200

14 200

13,800

14,200

14,200

14,000

13,800

13,800

13,800

13,800

13,800

14 200

14^200

14,200

14,600

15,400

11,600

11,400

11 600

11,400

11,300

11,100

12,300

12,700

13,000

10 onn

10 4Afl

13,800

13,400

13,600

14,000

14,000

14,400

14 800

15,000

1 ^ nnn

15,000

1 f» flAA

14 fiflfl

H 4flfl

H OAn

14 200

14^200

May.

16,200

17,200

18,400

19,600

21,100

22,500

23,700

23,700

22,900

22,900

22,900

22,100

21,400

20,800

20,200

19,900

19,000

19,000

18,700

18,400

18.100

17,500

17,800

17,800

17,800

18, 400

18,400

19,000

19,300

19,600

14,000

14,000

14 000

14*200

14,200

14,200

14,200

14,200

13,600

1

10 onn

13,200

13,200

12 800

12,300

11,900

11,600

10,900

1

1 i onn

I n ^nft

11,100

11,100

11,600

11 900

11*900

ll'900

1 1 1 Qfifl

11 800

11^800

June.

19,600

19,600

19,600

19,600

19,600

19,000

19,000

18,700

18,400

18,100

17,500

17,200

16,600

16,200

15,800

15,600

15,000

14,600

14,400

14,200

13,800

13,400

13,000

12,700

12,300

12,100

11,900

11,600

11,600

11,400

11,400

11,400

11,300

11,300

11,100

10,900

10,800

in finn

10,400

10,300

10,300

10,300

10,200

10,000

9,720

9,720

9,720

9,720

9,720

9,580

9

AA(\

9

AA(\

9,720

9,720

9,720

9 720

9^720

9,720

9,720

July.

11,300

11,100

10,900

10,800

10,600

10,400

10,300

10,000

9,860

9,860

9,720

9,580

9,440

9,300

9,300

9,300

9,300

 9,160

9,160

9,160

9,160

9,160

9,300

9,160

9,160

9,160

9,160

8,880

8,880

8,600

8,600

9,440

9 300

9,160

o ifin

9,020

8,880

8,740

8,460

8,600

8,880

8,880

8,740

8,600

8,740

8,600

8,460

8,320

8,460

8,460

8,320

8,320

8,320

8,320

8

QOA

8,320

8,320

8,180

8,180

8,180l

Aug.

8,460

8,460

8,320

8,320

8,320

8,320

8,040

7,900

7,770

7,770

7,770

7,770

7,770

7,770

7,510

7,640

7,770

8,040

8,040

7,770

7,770

7,770

7,770

7,640

s fun

8,040

8,040

8,040

8,040

8,040

8,320

8,320

8,320

8,320

8

QOA

8,320

8,320

8,180

8

(\Af\

8,040

8,180

8,600

9,020

9,160

9,160

9,160

9 ifin

9,020

S

een

8,790

8,690

8 Ann

8,460

8,320

o cfin

8,320

8,320

8,1801

Sept.

8,040

8,040

7,900

7,900

7,900

8,180

8,320

8,600

9,020

9,020

8,880

8,880

9,160

9,160

9,020

9,020

8,880

8,880

9,020

8,880

8,880

8,880

8,880

8,880

8,880

8,880

8 040

8,180

8,040

8,040

8,040

8,320

8,460

8,460

8,320

9,020

9,160

9 QAf|

9

QAft

9 dd.fi

9 860

in ^nn

10 600

10 900

11 600

12,700

1 ^ 9nn

13 400

14 600

14 600

14*200

14 800

15' 400

15,800
164 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

T>aily discharge, in second-feet, of Illinois River at Peoria, III., for the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1910-1917 Continued.

Day.

1911-12. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9O

30..............

31..............

1912-13. 

1. .............

2..............

4..............

5..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

3fi

31..............

Oct.

16, 400 

17, 800 

18,100 

18,700 

19,900

20,200 

21,400 

21,400 

21,100 

20,800

20,800 

20,500 

20,200 

19,600 

19,000

18,400 

18,400 is; too

18, 400 

18, 400

18,100 

17,800 

17,200 

17,500 

17,200

17,800 

17,800 

17, 800 

17,500 

17,200 

17,200

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000

9,860 

9,860 

9,720 

9,860 

10,000

10,000 

10,400 

10,600 

10,800 

10,800

10,900 

10,900 

11,100 

11,300 

.11,300

11,300 

11,800 

11,900 

11,900 

11,900

11,900 

11,900 

11,900 

11,600 

11,900 

12,100

Nov.

16,600 

16,600 

16,200 

16,000 

15,800

15,800 

15,800 

15, 600 

15,400 

15,400

15,200 

15,000 

15,600 

16,200 

17,500

18,400 

18, 400 

19,000 

19,900 

20,800

22,100 

22,100 

22,900 

23,300 

22,900

22,900 

22,500 

22,500 

22,100 

21,400

12,300 

12, 100 

11,900 

11,600 

11,800

12,300 

12, 700 

12,700 

13,000 

13,200

13,400 

13,800 

14, 600 

14,600 

14,600

14,600 

14, 800 

15,000 

15,000 

14,800

14,800 

14, 600 

14,600 

15,000 

14,600

14,400 

14,400 

14,200 

14,000 

13,800

Dee.

21,100 

21,100 

21,400 

20,500 

19,900

19,600 

19,300 

19,000 

18,700 

18,400

18,400 

19,000 

19,600 

19,900 

19,900

20,200 

20,200 

20,200 

20,200 

20,200

19,600 

19,600 

19,600 

20,200 

20, BOO

20,100

14,000 

13,400 

13,400 

13,400 

13,400

13,200 

12,800 

13,400 

12,700 

12,300

12,800 

12,500 

12,300 

11,900 

11,900

11,900 

12,100 

12,300 

12,300 

12,100

12,100 

11,900 

11,800 

11,400 

.11,300

11,300 

11,300 

11,100 

10,900 

10,900 

10,900

Jan.

16,700 

14,200

12,500

10,100 

10,300

16,600

Feb.

11,000

12,500

21,200 

20,500 

20,200 

19,900 

19,600

16,700

16,200 

16,900 

19,000 

19,300 

19,300

19,000 

19,000 

18,400

Mar.

13,000

12,700 

12,700 

14,600 

16,900 

21,400

26,900 

30,300 

31,200 

33,000 

33,000

33,900 

35,800 

37,800 

39,800 

41,300 

41,800

15,&00

19,000 

21,100 

22,500 

23,300 

24,900

26,500 

27,300 

26,500 

28,500 

26,100

27,700 

27,300 

28,100 

29,800 

34,800

39,800 

44,800 

48,800 

51,800 

55,000 

55, OW

Apr.

42,800 

42,800 

42, 800 

42,800 

42,300

41,800 

41,800 

40,300 

38,800 

38,800

37,800 

36,300 

35,300 

33)900 

32,600

32,100 

32,100 

31,200 

29,400 

29,400

29,400 

29,800 

29,800 

29,400 

29,400

26,900 

28,500 

28,100 

29,000 

27,700

55,000 

55,000 

53,900 

52,800 

52,300

51,800 

50,800 

49,800 

49,800 

49,300

48,800 

50,300 

50,800 

50,800 

49,800

48,300 

46,800 

44,800 

43,300 

40,800

37,800 

35,800 

33,400 

32,100 

31,200

29,800 

28,500 

27,300 

25,300 

24,100

May.

26,900 

28,500 

30,300 

31,200 

32,100

33,000 

33,000 

32,100 

31,600 

30,300

29,400 

29,800 

28,100 

28,500 

28,100

29,800 

30,300 

29,800 

30,300 

28,500

28,500 

27,300 

26,100 

26,100 

25,300

23,700 

22,100 

21,400 

22,100 

20,800 

20,200

22,900 

21,700 

20,800 

19,900 

19,600

18,700 

18,100 

17,800 

17,800 

17,200

16,600 

16,200 

16,000 

16,200 

15,800

15,800 

15,800 

16,200 

16,200 

15,800

15,800 

16,600 

18,400 

19,600 

20,500

20,800 

21,400 

22,100 

24,100 

25,300 

25,300

June.

19,900 

19,300 

18,700 

18,700 

18,400

17,800 

17,500 

16,600 

16,200 

15,800

15,400 

15,000 

15,000 

14,600 

14,200

14,200 

14,408 

14,400 

14,200 

14,200

14,200 

14,200 

14,200 

14,000 

13,800

13,400 

13,400 

13,000 

12,700 

12,300

25,700 

25,300 

25,300 

24,500 

23,300

22,500 

22,900 

22,100 

20,800 

20,200

19,600 

19,000 

18,400 

17,800 

17,200

16,900 

16,600 

16,400 

16,000 

15,600

15,400 

15,400 

15,200 

15,000 

14,600

14,600 

14,600 

14,400 

14,200 

13,800

July.

12,300 

11,900 

11,900 

11,800 

11,600

11,600 

11,400 

11,300 

10,900 

11,100

11,300 

11,100 

10,900 

10,900 

11,300

11,300 

10,900 

10,900 

10,900 

10,900

11,800 

12,100 

11,900 

11,800 

11,800

11,800 

11,800 

11,600 

11,600 

11,600 

11,600

13,600 

13,400 

13,200 

12,700 

12,700

12,700 

12,300 

'12,100 

11,900 

11,900

11,800 

11,300 

11,300 

11,100 

10,900

10,900 

11,300 

11,300 

11,300 

11,100

10,900 

10,800 

10,600 

10,600 

10,600

10,600 

10,400 

10,300 

10,300 

10,300 

10,200

Aug.

11,600 

11,600 

11,800 

11,600 

11,600

11,600 

11,400 

11,400 

11,400 

11,300

11,300 

11,300 

11,300 

11,400 

11,400

11,300 

11,300 

11,300 

11,300 

11,400

11,300 

11,300 

12, 300 

12,300 

12,700

13,000 

13,200 

12,800 

12,800 

12,700 

12,500

10,200 

10,000 

9,860 

10,000 

9,860

9,720 

9,860 

9,860 

9,720 

9,580

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,200

10,200 

10,400 

10,600 

10,900 

10,900

10,800 

10,800 

10,900 

10,800 

10,600

10,600 

10,600 

10,400 

10,300 

10,300 

10,300l

Sept.

12,300 

12,100 

11,900 

11,800 

11,600

11,600 

11,400 

11,300 

11,300 

10,900

10,900 

10,800 

10,600 

10,600 

10,800

10,600 

10,600 

10,400 

10,300 

10,200

10,600 

10,400 

10,300 

10,300 

10,300

10,300 

10,200 

10,300 

10,300 

10,200

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000

9,860 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720

9,720

9,860 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720

9,720

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,580

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,580
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 165

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Illinois River at Peoria, III., for the years ending 

Sept. SO, 1910-1917 Continued.

Day.

1913-14. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..... .........

8..............

'9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.......'.......

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1914-15. 

1... ...........

2... ...........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

9,720 

9,720 

9,580 

9,440 

9,440

9,580 

9,580 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720

9,720 

9,580 

9,580 

9,580 

9,720

9,860 

10,200 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,200 

10,200

10,000 

10,300 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000

9,860 

9,860 

9,860 

9,720 

9,720

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,580 

9,580

9,720 

9,580 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720

10,000 

9,860 

9,860 

9,860 

9,720

9,860 

9,720 

9,720 

10,000 

9,720

9,860 

9,720 

9,300 

9,580 

9,580 

9,440

Nov.

10,000 

9,860 

9,860 

10,000 

10,000

10,000 

10,000 

10,200 

10,300 

10,300

10,000 

9,720 

9,860 

10,000 

10,000

10,000 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,860

9,580 

9,720 

10,000 

10,000 

9,860

10,000 

10,000 

10,200 

10,200 

10,200

9,440 

9,440 

9,580 

9,580 

9,580

9,580 

9,440 

9,720 

9,440 

9,300

9,440 

9,440 

9,440 

9,440 

9,580

9,440 

9,300 

9,300 

9,440 

9,440

9,300 

9,160 

9,160 

8,880 

8,880

9,020 

9,160 

9,160 

9,160 

9,020

Dec.

10,300 

10,400 

10,600 

10,600 

10,800

10,900 

11,300 

11,100 

10,900 

10,800

10,900 

10,900 

10,900 

10,900 

10,800

10,600 

10,600 

10,800 

10,600 

10,600

10,800 

10,600 

10,600 

10,600 

10,800

10,600 

10,400 

10,300 

10,300 

10,300 

10,300

9,020 

9,160 

9,160 

9,300 

9,300

9,300 

9,160

8,870 

8,740

Jan.

9,860 

9,240

9,340

8,950

9,520

* 

10,000

Feb. \

9,650

9,450 

9,250

14,200

19,800

20,200 

20,200 

20,500

20,500 

20,800 

20,500

:::::::

Mar.

10,700

13,400 

13,400 

14,000 

14,200 

14,600

14,600 

14,600 

14,600 

14,400 

13,600

14,000 

14,800 

14,800 

15,000 

15,800 

16,200

20,200 

19,600 

19,600 

19,300 

19,000

18,100 

18,100 

17,800 

17,200 

16,600

16,400 

16,200 

16,000 

15,800 

15,600

15,600 

15,000 

15,000 

15,000 

14,600

14,600 

14,200 

14,200 

13,800 

13,800

14,000 

13,400 

13,400 

13,000 

13,000 

12,800

Apr.

16,900 

17,800 

19,300 

19,900 

20,800

21,100 

22,900 

22,500 

21,700 

21,100

22,100 

22,100 

22,500 

22,100 

21,700

21,100 

20,800 

19,900 

18,700 

19,600

18,100 

18, 100 

17,800 

17,200 

16,400

16,200 

16,200 

15,800 

15,600 

15,600

12,500 

12,300 

12,300 

12,100 

11,800

11,800 

11,800 

11,400 

11,100 

11,300

10,900 

11,400 

10,900 

10,600 

10,600

10,600 

10,600 

10,300 

10,400 

10,400

10,300 

10,300 

10,300 

10,200 

10,200

10,200 

9,720 

10,000 

10,200 

10,200

May.

15,400 

15,000 

14,600 

14,400 

14,400

14,400 

14,000 

14 200 

13,800 

14,200

13,800 

14,800 

15,000 

16,200 

18,400

19,600

20,800 

21,400 

21,700 

22, 100

21,400 

21,400 

21, 100 

20,200 

19,600

19,300 

19,000 

18,700 

17,800 

17,800 

17,200

10,200 

10,000 

10,000 

9,860 

9,720

9,860 

9,860 

9,720 

9,860 

9,860

9,720 

9,720 

9,860 

9,880 

9,860

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720 

9,720

9,720 

10,300 

10,400 

10,600 

10,400

11,300 

11,600 

11,600 

13,200 

13,800 

13,800

June.

17,200 

16,600 

16,200 

16,200 

16,400

15,600 

15,400 

15,600 

15,400 

15,400

15,400 

15,200 

14,800 

14,600 

14,400

14,200 

13,800 

13,600 

13,400 

13,000

12, 700 

12, 700 

12,500 

12,300 

12,500

12,300 

11,900 

11,800 

11,800 

11,600

14,400 

14,800 

15,200 

15,400 

15,800

16,000 

16,200 

16,200 

16,400 

16,200

16,200 

15, 800 

15,800 

16,000 

16,200

lo,200 

16,600 

16,400 

16,600 

16,900

16,600 

16,400 

16,200 

15,800 

15,800

15,600 

15,200 

15,000 

14,800 

14,400

July.

11,400 

11,300 

11, 300 

11,300 

11,000

10,900 

10,900 

10, 800 

10,600 

10,600

10,300 

10, 300 

10,200 

10,200 

10,000

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

9,860 

9,720

9,580 

9,440 

9,300 

9,440 

9,440

9,440 

9,300 

9,300 

9,160 

9,020 

9,020

14,400 

14,000 

13,800 

13,600 

13,200

13,000 

12,700 

13,200 

13,000 

13,000

13,000 

13,400 

14,200 

15,400 

16,600

18,100 

19,000 

20,200 

20,800 

21,400

21,400 

21,400 

20,800 

20,500 

20,200

19,600 

19,000 

18, 700 

18,700 

18, 700 

19,900

Aug.

8,880 

8,880 

8,880 

8,740 

8,600

8,600 

8,600 

8,600 

8,320 

8,320

8,740 

8,600 

8,600 

8,880 

8,880

8,880 

8,600 

8,600 

8,600 

8,880

8,880 

8,880 

8,740 

9 160 

9,160

9,020 

9,160 

9,020 

9,160 

9,020 

9,160

20,500 

20,800 

23,700 

24,900 

28,500

32,600 

34,800 

35,800 

34,800 

34,800

33,000 

31,200 

29,400 

28' 100 

26,900

25, 700 

24,900 

24,100 

23, 700 

23,300

23,300 

22,500 

22,100 

22, 100 

22,100

22,900 

22,900 

22,500 

22,100 

21 400 

20,800

Sep,t.

9,160 

9,720 

9,440 

9,580 

9,440

9,720 

10,000 

10,200 

10,000 

10,000

10,200 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,300

10,300 

10,300 

10,400 

10,300 

10,300

10,000 

10,000 

10,200 

10,000 

10,200

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

9,860 

9,860

20,200 

19,600 

19,000 

18,100 

17,800

16,900 

16,400 

15,800 

15,800 

15,400

15,800 

15,800 

15,600 

15,600 

16,400

16,400 

16,600 

17,200 

17,500 

17,200

17,800 

18,100 

18,100 

18,700 

19,000

18,100 

19,000 

19,000 

19,OCO 

19,000
166 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Illinois River at Peoria, III., during the years ending 

Sept. SO, 1910-1917 Continued.

Day.

1915-16. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

T..... .........

8..... .........

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13

14....-.----.-..

15..............

16..............

17...--.-.---...

18....-.-.-.-...

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25....---.-.....

26..............

27...-....----..

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

1916-17. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

.-6..............

7..............

8.... -.-.-...-.

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

19,300 

19,000 

19,000 

18,700 

18,700

18,400 

18,100 

17,800 

17,500 

16,900

16,000 

16,200 

16,000 

16,000 

15,800

15,400 

15,200 

15,000 

14,800 

14,800

14,600 

14, 400 

14,000 

14,000 

13,600

13,400 

13,200 

13,200 

13, 200 

13,000 

12,500

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,200

10,300 

10,000 

10,000 

10,400 

10,000

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,200 

10,000

10,400 

10,400 

10, 600 

10,900 

10,800

11,100 

11,300 

11,300 

11,400 

11,600 

11,400

Nov.

12, 700 

12,500 

12.500 

12,100 

12,100

12,100 

11,900 

11,800 

11,800 

11,400

10,400 

11,300 

11,400 

11,400 

11,300

10,900 

11,300 

11, 100 

11, 100 

10,900

11,300 

11,300 

11,300 

11,300 

11,300

11,800 

11,800 

11,900 

12,300 

12, 100

11, 400 

11,600 

11,600 

11,600 

11,600

11,600 

11,400 

11,300 

11,900 

11,600

12,100 

11,900 

11,900 

11,900 

11,900

11,400 

11,900 

11,900 

11,800 

11,900

11,900 

11,900 

11,900 

11,900 

11,900

11,400 

11,600 

12,100 

12,300 

12,300

Dec.

12,100 

12,300 

12,300 

12,700 

12,700

12,700 

12,300 

12,500 

12,700 

12,700

13,000 

12,700 

12,700 

12,500 

12,300

12,300 

11,900 

11,900 

11,900 

11,900

11,600 

11,300 

11,300 

11,400 

11,600

11,200

12.300 

12,300 

12,300 

12,300! 

12,300

12,300 

11,900 

12,700 

12,300 

12,700

12,600 

12,500

Jan.

14,200 

18,800

37,000 

12,500

Feb.

34,400

28,200 

24,600

12,100

11,700 

12,000

Mar.

22,100 

22,100 

21,100 

20,200 

19,900

19,300 

18,700 

19,000 

17,800 

18,400

17,800 

17,500 

17,200 

17,200 

16,900

16,200 

15 800 

15,800 

15,800 

15,200

15,400 

16,000 

15,200 

15,000 

15,000

16,200 

18,100 

19,900 

23,700 

27,700 

30,300

12,300

12,500 

12,100 

12,300 

12,700 

12,500

12,700 

13,000 

13,400 

14,800 

16,600

19,000 

20,200 

22,100 

22,500 

23,300

23,300 

22,900 

22,500 

22,900 

21,700

22,900 

22,900 

22,100 

22,100 

22,100 

21,100

Apr.

32,600 

33,900 

34,800 

35,300 

35,300

35,300 

34,400 

34.400 

32,100 

30,800

28,500 

28,500 

27,700 

26,900 

26,100

24,500 

24,100 

23,300 

22, 100 

21,400

20,800 

20,800 

20,800 

19,900 

19,600

19,600 

19,300 

18,400 

17,800 

17,500

21,700 

21,100 

19,900 

20,200 

21,100

20,200 

20,500 

21,700 

21,100 

20,500

20,800 

21,100 

21,700 

20,200 

20,200

19,600 

19,000 

19,000 

19,000 

18,400

18,400 

18,700 

19,000 

19,000 

18,400

18,100 

18,100 

18,100 

17,500 

17,200

May.

17,800 

17,200 

16,900 

16,600 

16,600

16,200 

16,200 

16,200 

15,800 

15,400

15,400 

15,600 

15,800 

15,800 

15,800

16,200 

17,200 

18, 700 

19,600 

20,800

21,400 

21,400 

21,700 

22,100 

21,400

21.100 

21,400 

21,100 

20,800 

20.800 

20,500

17,800 

17,500 

17,500 

17,500 

17,800

17,500 

17,200 

16,600 

16,600 

16,600

16,400 

16,200 

16,000 

15,800 

15,600

15,200 

14,800 

14,600 

14.000 

14,600

14,200 

14,600 

13,800 

13,800 

13,800

13,800 

13,800 

14,200 

13,800 

13,800 

14,000

June.

20,200 

20,800 

21,100 

21.100 

21,100

21,400 

20.800 

20,200 

21,400 

22,900

25,300 

26,500 

27,700 

27,700 

28,500

28,100 

28,500 

28,500 

28,500 

27, 700

28,500 

28,500 

29,400 

30,300 

30,300

30,300 

30,300 

29,800 

29,000 

28,500

14,400 

14,200 

14,600 

14,600 

15,400

16,400 

16,600 

18,700 

20,800 

22,900

24,500 

26,900 

30,300 

33,000 

34,800

34,800 

34,800 

33,400 

33,000 

32,100

30,300 

29,400 

27,700 

26,900 

25,300

24.100 

23,700 

22.500 

22,100 

20,800

July.

28,100 

26,900 

26,500 

25,700 

24,500

23,700 

22,900 

22,100 

21,400 

20,800

19,900 

19,300 

18,700 

18,100 

17,500

17,200 

16,600 

16,400 

16,000 

15,800

15,800 

15,400 

15,200 

15,000 

14,800

14,600 

14,200 

14,200 

13,800 

13,600 

13,400

20,200 

20,200 

19,600 

19,300 

18,700

18,100 

17,800 

17,200 

16,900 

16,600

15,800 

16,000 

16,000 

15,800 

15,600

15,400 

15,400 

15,200 

15,000 

15,000

15,000 

14,800 

14,800 

14,800 

14,800

15,000 

15,000 

15,000 

14,800 

14,800 

14,800

Aug.

13,400 

13,000 

12,700 

12,300 

12,300

12,100 

11,900 

12, 100 

11,900 

11,600

13,000 

13,400 

13,400 

12,800 

12,700

12,700 

12,500 

12,300 

12,300 

12,100

11,900 

11,800 

11,600 

11,300 

11,300

11,300 

11,300 

10,900 

10,800 

10,600 

10,600

14,600 

14,600 

14.200 

14,200 

13,800

13,600 

13,400 

13,400 

13,400 

13,400

13,000 

13,000 

12,800 

12,800 

12,700

12,700 

12,700 

12,300 

12,100 

11,900

11,900 

12,300 

11,900 

11,900 

11,900

11,600 

11,300 

11,800 

11,800 

11,600 

11,600

Sept.

10,600 

10,600 

10,300 

10,200 

10,000

10,300 

10,300 

10,400 

10,300 

10,300

10,300 

10,300 

10,300 

10,300 

10,400

10,300 

10,600 

10,400 

10,300 

10,200

10,200 

10,200 

10,200 

10,200 

10,000

10,000 

9,860 

10,200 

10,200 

10,200

11,600 

11,900 

11,600 

11,600 

11,600

11,600 

12,100 

12,300 

12,300 

12,100

11,900 

11,900 

11,800 

11,600 

11,900

11,900 

11,800 

11,900 

11,600 

11,600

11,600 

11,600 

11,600 

11,300 

11,100

11,100 

11,300 

11,100 

11,100 

11,300

NOTE. Discharge for periods when river was frozen over, estimated from gage heights, weather records, 

and flow at other stations; braced figures show the mean discharge for periods indicated.
tTPPEfc MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASlSf. 167

Monthly discharge of Illinois River at Peoria, III., for the years ending Sept. SO, 1910-1917.

Month.

1910.

April .................................................................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

August. . .............................................................

1910-11.

November. ...........................................................

May..................................................................

June ..................................................................

July..................................................................

August. ..............................................................

September. ......... :............................:....................

The year. ......................................................

1911-12.

February. ............................................................

March. . ..............................................................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

September. ...........................................................

The year. ......................................................

1912-13.

April. ................................................................

May.................:................................................

June..................................................................

July..................................................................

August........................................ .... ....... .

September. ...........................................................

The year. ......................................................

1913-14.

December. ................................................ ..... ....

January ..............................................................

February. ......................................................... . March. . ..............................................................

April.................................................................

July.. ........ ........__... ......................................

September............................................ .... . ..

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

31,200 

19,600 

23,700 

19,600 

11,300 

8,460 

9,160

9.300 

8,320 

8,040

20,200

17,800 

15,000 

14,200 

11, 400 

9,440 

9,160 

15,800

20,200

21,400 

23,300

41, 800

42,800 

33,000 

19,900 

12,300 

13, 200 

12,300

42, 800

12,100 

15,000 

14,000

21,100 

55,000

55,000 

25,300 

25, 700 

13,600 

10, 900 

10,000

55,000

10.300 

10,300 

11,300

16,200

22,900 

22, 100 

17,200 

11,400 

9,160 

10, 400

22,900

Minimum.

19,900 

13,800 

16,200 

11,400 

8,600 

7,510 

7,900

8,320 

8,040

11,800 

11, 100 

10,900 

9,440 

8,180 

8,040 

8,040

16,400 

15,000

26, 900 

20, 200 

12,300 

10,900 

11,300 

10,200

10,200

9,720 

11, CCO 

10,900

24. 100 

15,800 

13,800 

10,200 

9,580 

9,580

9,440 

9,580 

10,300

15, 600 

13,800 

11,600 

9,020 

8,320 

9,160

8,320

Mean.

20,600 

15,400 

19,700 

15,700 

9,610 

7,950 

8,710

8,880 

8,170 

7,440 

9,910 

15,500 

14,400 

13,400 

12,600 

10,200 

8,630 

8,550 

10,800

10, 700

18,700 

18,700 

19,900 

14,400 

11,500 

14,900 

34,400 

27,900 

15,300 

11,500 

11,800 

10,800

17,500

10,900 

13,800 

12,200 

12,500 

17,800 

27,300 

43,300 

18,900 

18,400 

11,400 

10,300 

9,770

17,200

9,840 

9,9CO 

10,700 

9,480 

9,460 

12,700 

19,400 

17,500 

14,200 

10,100 

8,810 

9,980

11,800
168 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Illinois River at Peoria, III., for the years ending Sept. SG,

1910-1917 Continued.

Month.

1914-15.

November.. . .........................................................

March ................................................................

June ..................................................................

July..................................................................

August.................................. . . ............

September. .................................. ........................

The year............................ . .......................

1915-16. 

October. .............................................................

December. ................................... ,, ......................

February. ............................................................

April.................................................................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

September. ...........................................................

The year. ......................................................

1916-17.

November. ...........................................................

April.................................................................

July..................................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,000 

9,720 

9,300

20,200 

12, SCO 

13,800 

-~ 16, 900 

21, 400 

35,800 

20,200

35,800

19,300

12, 700 

13,000

30,300 

35,300 

22, 100 

30.300 

28,100 

13, 400 

10,600

35,300

11,600 

12,300

23,300

21, 700 

17,800 

34,800 

20,200 

14, 600 

12,300

34, 800

Minimum.

9,300 

8,880

12,800 

9,720 

9,720 

14, 400 

12, 700 

20, 500 

15, 400

12,500 

10, 400

15,000 

17. 500 

15,400 

20,200 

13,400 

10,600 

9,860

9,860

10,000 

11,300

17, 200 

13, 800 

14,200 

14,80a 

11,300 

11, 100

10, 000

Mean.

9,730 

9,340 

8,900 

9,510 

17,900 

15,800 

10,900 

10, 400 

15,800 

16,900 

26,000 

17,500

14, 000

15,700 

11,600 

12,000 

23,800 

29,200 

18, 600 

26,200 

18,400 

26,100 

18,600 

12,100 

10,300

18,500

10,400 

11,800 

12, 500 

12,500 

11,900 

17,700 

19,600 

15, 500 

24,600 

16,200 

12, 700 

11, 700

14,800

RIVER AT MOMENCE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 24, T. 31, N., R. 13 E., at highway bridge in Momence, Kankakee 

County, half a mile below Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad bridge and 1J miles 

above Tower Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,340 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 22, 1905, to July 20, 1906; December 3, 1914,'to 

September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge over left channel; read by Oscar Conrad.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge across the two channels during medium and high stages, and by wading during low stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; practically permanent; river at gage divided 

into two channels by an island. Aquatic plants sometimes grow in bed of river 

during summer. Recent measurements show that there has been a change in 

the stage-discharge relation as expressed by the rating curve used prior to July 

20, 1906.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 169

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.5 feet at 5 p. m., 

January 14 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum 

open-water stage recorded, 3.5 feet April 6 and 7 (discharge, 4,372 second-feet); 

minimum stage, 1.67 feet September 29 and 30 (discharge, 534 second-feet).

1905-6 and 1915-17: Maximum stage recorded, 7.5 feet January 21, 1916 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water 

stage, 6.4 feet January 22, 1916 (discharge, estimated from extension of rating 

curve, 12,600 second-feet). Minimum discharge, 360 second-feet, July 13-20, 

1906.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; seriously affected by ice during 

winter. Rating curve well denned below and fairly well defined above 3,100 

second-feet. Crage read to hundredths twice daily until April 30 and once daily 

afterwards. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to rating 

table. Open-water records good; winter records roughly approximate.

Discharge measurements of Karikakee River at Momence, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Aug. 11..............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.15

1.83

Dis. 

charge.

Scc.-ft.

1 -IQA

761

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Karikakee River at Momence, III., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

IS

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

GO..............

31..............

Oct.

960

960

975

975

945

900

840

870

930

930

945

930

930

900

870

870

900

945

990

1,520

1,420

1.420

1,420

1,420

1,520

1,520

1.620

1,620

1,620

1,620

1,720

Nov.

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,620

1,620

1,620

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,240

1,240

1,240

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1, 150

1,330

1,420

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,620

Dec.

1,720

1,830

1,830

1,940

2,160

2,160

2-, 280

2,280

2,500

2,500

2,620

2,620

2,620

2,620

1,550

Jan.

1,240

1,150

920

Feb.

770

570

790

Mar.

1,270

1,620

1,520

1,420

1,420

1,520

2,500

2,980

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,390

2,620

3,350

3,100

2,860

2,860

2,740

2,500

2

KOA

2 Kftft

2,500

Apr.

3,600

3,350

3,350

3,350

3,350

4,370

4,370

4,110

4,110

4,110

3,850

3,850

3,850

3,850

3,850

3,600

3,600

3,600

3,350

3,350

3,350

3,100

2 o&n

2,620

2,620

2,160

3 QKft

May.

2,980

2,860

2,500

2,160

1,940

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,330

1,330

1,330

1 QOfl

1,330

1,520

1,620

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,420

1,420

1

0QA

1,720

1,720

1,830

1,940

June.

2,160

2,160

2,280

2,280

2,280

2,280

2,390

2,390

2,280

2,280

2,280

1,940

1,720

1,620

1,520

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,330

1,240

1 240

l',150

1 1W>

1,150

1,150

1,070

1,070

1,070

July.

990

990

915

915

960

1,070

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,240

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

I

qqn

1,330

1 OOft

1,520

2,160

1,720

1,330

1 OAfl

1 150

1 1 ^

1,070

1,070

Aug.

1,070

990

990

945

900

728

714

714

687

674

661

648

622

622

622

fi99

609

609

596

596

583

583

coo

635

coo

609

609

756

687

ftAO

609

Sept.

Ana

583

570

570

570

570

546

674

635

609

596

583

583

KOQ

583

570

558

KCQ

558

KCQ

546

546

CKQ

KAR

546

546

CAft

546

534

534

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 15 to Mar. 8 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge lor periods indicated.
170 StfEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911!, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Kankakee River at Momence, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 2,340 square miles.

Month.

October..... ...................................

December. ....................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year.. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,720 

1,720 

2,620

3, 350

4,370 

2,980 

2,390 

2,160 

1,070 

674

4,370

Minimum,

840 

1,150

2,160 

1,330 

1,070 

915 

583 

534

534

Mean.

1,160 

1,490 

1,870 

1,100 

704 

2,100 

3,440 

1,700 

1,710 

1,230 

695 

570

1,480

Per 

square 

mile.

0.496 

.637 

.799 

.470 

.301 

.897 

1.47 

.726 

.731 

.538 

.297 

.244

.632

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.57 

.71 

.92 

v .54 

.31 

1.03 

1.64 

.84 

.82 

.62 

.34 

.27

8.61

KANKAKEE RIVER AT OUSTER PARE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 19, T. 32 N., R. 10 E., at Wabash Railroad bridge in Ouster Park, 

Will County, about half a mile above Horse Creek and 15 miles below dam and 

power plant at Kankakee.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,870 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 6, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by J. H. Swords.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock strewn with boulders and gravel; right half of 

channel deep, with fissures in bed; left half shallow. May shift slightly.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.8 feet June 

9 and 10 (discharge, 15,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 5.0 feet at 5 p. m. 

September 18 and 19 (discharge, 470 second-feet).

1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 12.6 feet July 11, 1915 (discharge, 21,300 

eecond-feet); minimum stage, 4.09 feet November 15, 1914 (discharge not determined); mean .discharge for the day estimated 250 second-feet.

REGULATION. Operation of power plant at Kankakee causes slight fluctuation at

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during year; seriously affected 

by ice during winter. Eating curve used to March 12 well defined above 1,820 

second-feet and fairly well defined between 1,130 and 1,820 second-feet; extended 

below 1,130 second-feet; curve used after March 12 well denned above and 

fairly well defined below 1,820 second-feet. Gage read to hundredtha twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table. Records good for medium and high stages and fair for low stages during 

open-water periods; winter records poor.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. C. Beckman: 

August 10, 1917: Gage height, 6.03 feet; discharge, 1,840 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASIN. 171

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Karikakee River at Ouster Park, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.. ............

12..............

13..............

14.............. 

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

955

1,010

1,070

1,070

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

Qftfl

1,010

1,070

1,010

1,010 

1,010

Qs;t;

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,380

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,600

1,670

1,670

1,600

1,600

1,670

1,670

Nov.

1,670

1,670

1,670

1.520

1,520

1,520

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,320

1,450

.......

Dec.

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,740

1,820

2,060

2,060

2,460

2 fioft

2,190

1, 670

Jan.

1,670

1,520

1,250

Feb.

1,140

770

900

Mar.

, O4U

2,500

5,900 

7,000

7,290

7,290

6, 170

5,640

5,130

4,390

4,390

4,150

5,130

4,880

5,380

4,630

4,150

3,680

3,470

3,270

Apr.

3,680

5,640

6,720

7,290

7,880

9,720

9,720

9,720

8,480

7,290

6,440

5,900

5,130

5,130 

4,630

4,630

4,390

4,390

4,390

4,630

4,390

4,390

3,910

3,470

3,270

3,270

3,470

3,270

2,880

2,880

May.

2,880

2,880

2,880

2,690

2,600

2,410

2,410

2,320

2,320

2,230

2,230

2,060

1,820

1,820 

1,740

1,740

1,600

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,450

1,600

1,600

1,980

2,320

2,500

2,500

2,690

2,320

2,150

2,600

June.

3,270

4,390

4,630

4,150

3,470

5,640

12,300

14,300

15,000

15,000

13,300

11,600

10,700

9,100 

7,000

5,640

4,630

3,910

3,270

3,070

2,600

2,320

2,150

2,060

1,980

2,060

1,980

1,900

1,980

1,980

July.

2,150

1,980

1,740

1,580

1,440

1,360

1,440

1,820

2,150

2,410

2,060

1,740

1,580

1,440 

1,360

1,440

1,580

2,320

2,320

2,230

2,060

1,820

2,410

2,690

2,230

2,150

2,150

2,150

1,820

1,820

1,660

Aug

1,440

1,140

1,280

1,140

1,000

1,000

1,280

1,980

2,150

1,740

1,580

1,360

1,210

1,070 

1,000

940

875

875

745

940

745

875

706

940

940

940

940

875

940

1,280

1,660

Sept.

1,510

1,280

1,140

1,000

875

940

940

1,070

1,440

1,900

1,740

1,510

1,280

1,000 

1,000

810

875

588

611

745

1,000

706

719

732

745

680

706

622

680

611

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 11 to Mar. 12 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.

*

Monthlydischarge of'Kankakee River at Ouster Park, III., for theyear ending Sept. 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 4,870 square miles]

Month.

March.........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,670

7,290

9,720 

2,880 

15,000 

2,690 

2,150 

1,900

Minimum.

900

2,880 

1,450 

1,900 

1,360 

706 

588

Mean.

1,230 

1,950 

1,470 

939 

3,640 

5,370 

2,160 

5,850 

1,910 

1,150 

948

Per 

square 

mile.

0.253 

.400 

.302 

.193 

.747 

1.10 

.444 

1.20 

.392 

.236 

.195

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.29 

.46 

.35 

.20 

.86 

1.23 

.51 

1.34 

.45 

.27 

.22

DES PLAEETES RIVER AT LEMONT, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 20, T. 37 N., R. 11 E., at concrete highway bridge at Stephens 

Street, about a quarter of a mile north of main section of Lemont, Cook County; 

8 miles above junction of Des Plaines River and Chicago Drainage Canal.

DRAINAGE AREA. 705 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 4, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Enamel staff gage attached to bridge; read by William Week, jr.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading 

below dam.
172 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. A concrete dam forming a new control and changing the 

former stage-discharge relation was built across the channel about 500 feet below 

the gage August 20, 1916; permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.6 feet at 8 a.m. 

March 19 (discharge, 2,960 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.48 feet October 8, 

10, 11, and 16, and September 5 (discharge, 9 second-feet).

1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 6.1 feet January 23, 1916 (discharge not 

determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water stage recorded, 

5.9 feet June 10, 1916 (discharge, 3,380 second-feet); minimum discharge, 3.9 

second-feet (measured by current meter) November 26, 1914.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; affected by ice during a short 

period in February. Rating curve well denned between 120 and 2,220 secondfeet. Gage read to hundred ths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good except those for 

very low stages, which are fair.

Discharge measurements of Des Plaines River at Lemont, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Dee. 9

Mar. 15

July 11

Made by height.

Feet. 

3.14

4.20

2.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

340

1,300

155

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Plaines River at Lemont, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2.. ............

3..............

5..............

C. .............

7..............

8..............

9. .............

10..............

11..............

12.. ............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17...............

IS..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

20. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

19

17

44

31

19

10

9

19

9

9

15

28

24

10

9

33

19

48

24

100

378

301

315

273

301

O37

233

219

Nov.

91 9

186

168

100

115

115

115

120

168

259

357

273

232

238

168

168

156

150

168

156

168

206

430

371

357

Dec.

287

252

91 Q 212'

273

329

378

445

430

385

287

357

245

212

193

Iff)

156

132

I'M

156

180

212

OQO

200

Jan.

232

120

120

180

266

371

460

385

385

371

371

315

301

245

OOfl

212

200

200

200

OQ9

31*

242

168

loo

OK

1 f\A

168

200

258

Feb.

ft A K

9^9

212

180

168

156

144

115

95

82

70

66

63

58

52

61

70

78

87

95

82

70

82

QK

no

88

Mar.

 85

78

70

52

59

66

80

95

120

144

245

371

715

1.050

1,250

1,460

1,630

2,460

2,830

1,200

1,050

1,050

1,100

1,460

1,520

1 ^*U1

1,1£0

1 '805 000

670

540

Apr.

492

508

540

532

508

625

715

670

540

476

385

378

329

287

280

245

219

238

94 e

301

400

04 K

350

430

350

OKQ

308

287

301

308

May.

400

670

900

805

760

715

625-

524

422

315

245

91 9

212

180

168

138

120

120

120

110

110

120

670

625

J.Q9

385

9K/\

OOQ

^1*

329

June.

400

476

445

385

329

445

670

805

625

524

445

415

400

476

760

805

625

524

415

329

315

238

91 9

150

193

245

430

476

July.

500

524

476

350

315

245

232

206

180

180

156

144

95

150

180

329

430

371

329

280

259

91 Q

540

900

805

fyw

430

329

259

O4K

212

Aug.

180

150

132

100

80

70

66

90

70

66

52

44

33

33

33

31

33

33

28

33

28

24

10

15

22

28

1099

99

99

10

Sept.

99

28

22

10

28

24

22

99

22

22

99

22

99

22

28

99

17

17

28

33

99

10

10

10

99

31

28

OQ

10

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for Dee. 22 and every alternate day from Feb. 11 to Mar. 10; estimated 

Feb. 1-10, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 173

Monthly discharge ofDes Plaines River at Lemont, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917, 

«. [Drainage area, 705 square miles. 1

Month.

«

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

378 

430 

445 

460 

245 

2,830 

715 

900 

805 

900 

180 

33

2,830

Minimum.

9 

100

132 

95 

52 

52 

219 

110 

150 

95 

10 

9

9

Mean.

106 

224 

255 

248 

113 

831 

392 

381 

436 

337 

50.6 

21.2

284

Per

square 

mile.

0.150

.318 

.362 

.352 

.160 

1.18 

.556 

.540 

.618 

.478 

.072 

.030

.403

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.17 

.35 

.42 

.41 

.17 

1.36 

.62 

.62 

.69 

.55. 

.08 

.03

5.47

DES PLAINES RIVER AT JOLIET, ILL.

LOCATION. In NE. J sec. 9, T. 35 N., R. 10 E., at Jackson Street Bridge, Joliet, Will

County, about 1,200 feet upstream from Cass Street Bridge. 

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 3, 1914, to September 30, 1917; on original chain

gage September 5 to December 19, 1914. 

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder, installed December 3, 1914. Chain

gage attached to upstream side of bridge at Cass Street read from September 5 to

December 19, 1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of Cass Street Bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel excavated in solid rock, with a concrete wall on

either side; probably permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge during days of record for

the year, 10,600 second-feet July 24; minimum daily discharge, 6,340 second-feet

January 1. 

1914-1917: Maximum daily discharge during days of record, 13,200 second-feet

June 10, 1916; minimum daily discharge, 5,420 second-feet, April 25, 1915. 

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted to the Illinois & Michigan Canal at dam No. 1, about

100 feet above the gage. 

REGULATION. Flow past the gage is largely regulated by the operation of the power

plant of the sanitary district of Chicago at Lockport, which utilizes the flow of

the Chicago Drainage Canal and, to a lesser extent, by the operation of the

Economy Light & Power Co.'s plant, about 100 feet above gage. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice. Rating curve

well defined. Operation of the water-stage recorder satisfactory except for periods

indicated in footnote to daily-discharge table. Daily discharge ascertained by

use of discharge integrator. Records excellent.

Discharge measurements of Des Plaines River at Joliet, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

July 12.............................................................................

12..............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.75

3.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

013,700

6,210

a The flow in the Illinois & Michigan Canal, diverting water around the gage, was 506 second-feet, as 

measured by current meter.
174 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge^ in second feet of Des Plaines River at Joliet, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3... ...........

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7.. ........... .

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

8,340 

7,590 

7,590

7,340 

7,050

7,130 

6,670 

6,770 

7,230 

7,250

7,110 

7,180 

7,740 

7,750 

6,650

7,610 

7,620 

7,660 

7,860 

7,860

67,870 

7,530 

8,060 

8,260 

8,190

7,850 

7,910 

7,620 

7,360 

8,100 

8,100

Nov.

7,760 

7,880 

8,130 

7,560 

8,020

8,310

7,400 

7,860 

7,920 

8,170

7,850 

8,730 

8,970 

8,730 

8,980

8,720 

8,380 

8,020 

7,020 

8,530

8,380 

8,540 

8,500 

8,600 

8,440

7,370 

8,590 

8,710 

8,380 

7,230

Dec.

8,360 

8,360 

7,760 

8,480 

8,540

8,360 

7,950 

8,390

a 

a 

a, 

a 

(a

(a) 

8,420

8,590 

8,640 

7,830 

7,060 

67,650

8,330 

7,890 

8,170 

8,470 

7,800 

6,650

Jap.

6,340 

8,050 

8,100 

8,300 

8,110

8,130 

7,100 

8,780 

8,660 

8,670

8,520 

8,840 

67,960 

7,500 

8,500

8,500 

8,520 

8,310 

8,240 

8,170

7,930

8,220 

8,630 

8,110 

8,360

8,340 

7,520 

6,980 

8,430 

8,520 

8,660

Feb.

8,820 

9,080 

8,000 

66,920 

8,000

8,100 

8,130 

8,150 

8,340 

67,730

7,170 

8,090 

7,960 

8,020 

8,180

8,320 

8,090 

7,980 

8,460 

8,100

8,150 

7,710 

7,760 

8,000 

7,820

7,660 

8,130 

8,390

Mar.

7,960 

8,200 

7,870 

7,660 

7,930

7,940 

8,470 

8,310 

8,040 

7,620

8,050 

8,250 

8,390 

10,000 

9,130

9,690 

9,450 

9,410 

9,990 

9,280

8,920 

8,560 

8,540

(a 

(a

\a 

(a 

- (a 

(«)

Apr.

8,150 

8,120 

8,110 

8,460 

8,800

8,760 

8,370 

8,500 

8,190 

8,480

8,240 

7,990 

8,010 

7,950 

7,660

7,700 

7,590 

7,540 

7,640 

7,560

7,500 

7,980 

8,190 

8,220 

8,100

8,020 

8,040 

8,320 

8,540 

7,910

May.

7,970 

8,170 

8,340 

8,970 

9,120

8,690

8,480 

8,580 

8,260 

8,460

8,140 

8,130 

7,990 

7,780 

7,770

7,680 

7,720 

8,150 

7,220 

67,980

8,500

68,860 

8,920 

8,700 

8,220 

8,170 

8,340

June.

8,470 

8,060 

8,520 

8,470 

8,520

9,400 

8,500 

9,070 

9,100 

9,170

8,920 

8,510 

9,740 

9,640 

9,700

9,710 

9,610 

9,900 

9,580 

9,420

9,490 

9,540 

9,380 

9,470 

9,280

9,260 

9,320 

9,540 

9,750 

8,930

July.

9.890. 

9; 430 

9,780 

9,800 

9,600

9,560 

9,280 

9,710 

9,420 

9,410

9,600 

69,700 

9,580 

8,740 

9,600

9,360 

9,950 

9,760 

9,660 

9,920

69,630 

9,670 

10,100 

10,600 

10,200

9,930 

10,100 

69,430 

9,720 

9,320 

9,300

Aug.

9,400 

9,180 

69,220 

9,200 

9,200

9,300 

9,290 

9,000 

9,010 

9,140

9,140 

9,520 

9,300 

9,310 

9,040

9,120 

9,200 

8,940 

9,840 

9,220

9,400 

9,260 

9,140 

9,120 

9,160

9,260 

8,960 

69,200 

9,200 

9,100 

9,100

Sept

a

a 

a a' 

a

8,9 

9,2 

9,7 

9,2 

9,2

9,0 

8,9 

8,9 

9,0 

8,7

8,8 

8,3 

8,8 

8,3 

8,4

8,8 

7,9 

8,6 

8,9 

8,8

8,8 

9,4

»$ 

8,3

a No record.

& Discharge partly estimated because of incomplete gage record.

NOTE. Daily discharge in the above table does not include the flow iu the Illinois & Michigan Canal 

(see "Diversions" in the station description). No gage height record Oct. 20, Jan. 14-16, Feb. 5, 6, May 

21-25, Aug. 4-6 and 29-31; discharge estimated.

Monthly discharge in second-feet, of Des Plaines River at Joliet, III., for tfie year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Month.

March 1-23... ........................................................

April.................................................................

July..................................................................

August. . .............................................................

Maximum.

8,340

8,980

8,840

9,080

10,000

8,800

9,900

10,600

9,840

Minimum.

6,650

7,020

6,340

6,920

7,620

7,500

8,060

8,740

8,940

Mean.

7,580

8,190

8,160

8,040

8,590

8,090

9,200

9,670

9,210

NOTE. Discharge in the above table does not include flow of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, which diverts 

water around the gage. See " Diversions'' in station description and measurement of flow in the canal made 

July 12.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 175

FOX RIVER AT ALGONQtTIN, ILL.

LOCATION. In NW. £ sec. 34, T. 43 N., R. 8 E. third principal meridian, at Chicago 

Street Bridge in Algonquin, McHenry County, about 100 feet above Public 

Service Co.'s dam and 500 feet above Crystal Lake outlet.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1915, to September 30, 1917.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,340 square miles (measured on map issued by U. S. Geological 

Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

GAGE. Enamel staff gage attached to concrete abutment of bridge; read by Edward Pedersen.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a concrete dam about 100 feet below gage; appears to be cracking and may settle.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading below 

dam.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.8 feet at 7 a. m. 

and 6 p. m. March 28 (discharge, 2,260 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.10 feet 

September 7 and 8 (discharge, 279 second-feet).

1916-17: Maximum stage recorded, 5.3 feet at 6 p. m., March 31,1916 (discharge, 

7,120 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.98 foot August 7 and 8,1916 (discharge, 209 

second-feet).

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted to operate grist mill at dam, which is run on average 

of about 4 hours a day, except Sundays, from September to March, inclusive, and 

one day a week during rest of year. If total used for each day were uniformly 

distributed it would probably average less than 5 second-feet and never exceed 

8 second-feet.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; not affected by ice. Rating curve 

fairly well defined. Gage read to hundredth^ twice daily As storage pond is 

large the small amount of water used by grist mill does not noticeably affect the 

gage heights. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Fox River at Algonquin, III., during the years ending Sept. SO,

1916-1917.

Date.

1915-16. 

Oct. 2«

2 

12 

16

27

Nov.22a

29

Made by 

William Kessler. .......

.....do.................

..... do.... ...--.--..... 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.82

2.84 

2.29

2.18 

1.88

1.46

1.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,730

62,350 

61,420 

61,340 

6 979

639

6 963

Date.

1915-16.

8

1916-17. 

Feb. 21o

Aug. 28

28

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.22

1.22 

1.20

1.17

1.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

368

353 

380

330

331

« Measurement made at C. & N. "W. Ey. bridge 1.000 feet below gage; poor measuring section.

6 Discharge supercedes that published in "Water-Supply Paper No. 435. Vertical-velocity curves obtained in 1915 and 1918 indicate that a coefficient of 0.97 should have been applied to the mean of the velocities at 0.2 and 0.8 of the depth in order to obtain mean velocity. The coefficient had not been applied to discharge previously published for this measurement.
176 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, lO-ll, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Fox River at Algonquin, III., for the years ending Sept.

30, 1916 and 1917.

Day.

1915-16. 

1. .............

2

4-.-.....----..

5..............

6..............

7-......--...-.

10..............

11..............

12..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18- Ifi .....%.......

20..............

91

<y>

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

90

on

30..............

31

1916-17. 

1..............

2

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

910..............

11..............

19

iq

14..............

15..............

16-.-.....-.....

17..............

18-.-.....-..-..

19..............

20..............

91

00

9^?

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

28-........--...

29..............

30-- -.--..-.--.-

31..............

Oct.

2,260 

2,260 

2,430 

2,260 

2,180

2,090 

2,000 

1,920 

1,840 

1,610

1,540 

1,470 

1,400 

1,400 

1,330

1,260 

1,260 

1,260 

1,330 

1,260

1,260 

1,200 

1,140 

1,080 

1,020

967 

967 

914 

914 

860 

810

542 

558 

575 

620 

620

620 

620 

620 

620 

620

620 

620 

620 

620 

575

575 

558 

558 

575 

664

712 

759 

759 

810 

810

860 

860 

914 

967 

967 

967

Nov.

759 

712 

712 

664 

664

664 

620 

575 

575 

558

524 

492 

492 

492 

492

509 

524 

518 

518 

567

558 

518 

518 

518 

575

664 

712 

810 

967 

1,020

967 

967 

1,020 

1,020 

1,020

1,020 

1,020 

1,080 

1,080 

1,080

1,080 

1,080 

1,020 

1,020 

967

967 

967 

914 

914 

860

810 

759 

759 

712 

712

712

759 

860 

860 

860

Dec.

1,020 

1,080 

1,080 

1,080 

1,020

967 

914 

860 

860 

810

810 

759 

759 

759 

712

712

664 

620

575 

575

575 

518 

518 

524 

509

509 

509 

500 

492

477 

477

914

967 

967 

914 

860

810 

810 

810 

860 

860

860 

914 

914 

860 

860

810 

759 

712 

664 

620

542 

477 

415 

394 

394

387 

401 

415 

415 

415 

415

Jan.

500 

535 

567 

620 

664

759 

759 

759 

759 

759

759 

759 

759 

712 

712

664 

620 

620

575 

575

712 

860 

1,200 

1,610 

2,260

2,600 

3,120 

3,480 

3,480 

3,300 

3,120

415 

423 

430 

446 

461

477 

477 

461 

446 

430

415 

415 

415 

408 

408

401 

401 

401 

394 

394

401 

401

387 

387 

380

380 

372 

372 

372 

372 

365

Feb.

2,940 

2,600 

2,600 

2,430 

2,430

2,260 

2,260 

2,180 

2,090 

2,000

2,000 

1,920 

1,840 

1,760 

1,610

1,470 

1,260 

1,200 

1,140 

1,140

1,140 

1,230 

1,400 

1,470 

1,540

1,610 

1,610 

1,540 

1,400

365 

365 

358 

358 

358

358 

358 

351 

351 

351

844 

344 

331 

331 

324

318 

312 

312 

316 

319

324 

328 

331 

334 

338

341 

344

348

.......

Mar.

1,330 

1,330 

1,200 

1,080 

1,020

1,020 

914 

810 

759 

712

712

759 

759 

810 

860

914 

914

967 

967 

967

914 

1,080 

967 

1,020 

1,330

1,840 

3,120 

4,050 

4,650 

5,050 

6,070

351

354 

358 

358 

358

362 

365 

380 

394 

454

567 

712 

810 

967 

1,080

1,330 

1,680 

1,840 

1,840 

1,920

1,920 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,090

2,180 

2,180 

2,260 

2,260 

2,180 

2,090

Apr.

5,860 

5,450 

5,250 

5,050 

4,650

4,450 

4,050 

3,860 

3,480 

3,120

2,600 

2,430 

2,260 

2,180 

2,000

1,920 

1,760 

1,610 

1,540 

1,540

1,540 

1,540 

1,610 

1,610 

1,686

1,680 

1,760 

1,680 

1,610 

1,540

2,090 

2,090 

2,000 

2,000 

1,920

1,840 

1,760 

1,680 

1,610 

1,400

1,260 

1,080 

1,020 

914 

860

860 

810 

810 

810 

810

810 

810 

860 

860 

967

1,020 

1,080 

1,080 

1,200 

1,260

May.

1,540 

1,470 

1,400 

1,400 

1,400

1,400 

1,400 

1,400 

1,330 

1,260

1,260 

1,140 

1,140 

1,080 

1,020

967 

914 

860 

860 

860

860 

860 

810 

759 

712

664 

664 

664 

664 

759 

712

1,330 

1,400 

1,470 

1,540 

1,540

1,540 

1,470 

1,400 

1,330 

1,200

1,080 

1,020 

1,020 

914 

860

810 

712 

664 

620 

620

620 

664 

664 

712 

712

759 

759 

759 

810 

810 

860

June.

664 

664 

664 

620 

620

664 

967 

1,400 

2,000 

2,180

2,180 

2,260 

2,260 

2,260 

2,260

2,180 

2,180 

2,090 

2,000 

1,920

1,840 

1,760 

1,610 

1,470 

1,400

1,330 

1,200 

1,140 

1,080 

1,020

860 

860 

860 

810 

810

759 

712 

712 

759 

810

860 

914 

967 

1,020 

1,080

1,080 

1,080 

1,020 

967 

914

860 

860 

810 

810 

759

759 

712 

759 

810 

810

July.

860 

810 

759 

712 

712

664 

620 

575 

509 

469

438 

408 

380 

344 

310

286 

279 

279 

279 

279

279 

267 

261 

255 

255

255 

250 

244 

244 

238 

238

860 

967 

967 

1,020 

1,020

1,020 

1,020 

1,080 

1,080 

1,020

1,020

967 

967 

967. 

914

914 

860 

860 

810 

759

759 

712 

712 

712 

712

712 

712 

661 

664 

664 

664

Aug.

232 

232 

220 

220 

215

215 

209 

215 

244 

292

324 

331 

331 

331 

331

331 

331 

324

318 

318

318 

318 

318 

318 

318

310 

310 

305 

305 

305 

305

664 

664 

664 

664 

620

620 

620 

620

575 

575

575 

558 

542 

525 

509

492 

477 

461 

446 

430

415 

401 

387 

372 

358

344 

331 

318 

318 

312 

305

Sept.

305 

305 

305 

305 

310

331

344 

358 

358 

358

358 

372 

372 

372 

372

372

422 

454 

461 

461

461 

476 

492 

500 

500

509

509 

516 

524 

524

305 

298 

292 

292 

286

286 

279 

279 

292 

305

305 

318 

318 

331 

344

351 

358 

358 

358 

365

365 

372 

372 

380

387

394 

401 

401 

408

415

NOTE. The above tables do not include small amount of water used to operate grist mill, 

sions" in station description.

See "Diver-
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 177

Monthly discharge of Fox River at Algonquin, III., for the years ending Sept. 30,1916 and

1917.

Month.

1915-16.

N ovetnfoer

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. . ..............................

1916-17.

April..........................................

July...........................................

September. .. ..................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in secaud-feet.

Ma-rimnm .

2,430 

1,020 

1,080 

3,480 

2,940 

6,070 

5,860 

1,540 

2,260 

860 

331 

524

6,070

976 

1,080 

967 

477 

. 365 

2,260 

2,090 

1,540 

1,080 

1,080 

664 

415

2.260

Minimum.

810 

492 

477 

500 

1,140 

712 

1,540 

664 

620 

238 

209 

305

209

542 

712 

387 

365 

312 

351 

810 

620 

712 

664 

305 

279

279

Mean.

1,470 

616

718 

1,260 

1,790 

1,580 

2,710 

714 

1,530 

412 

287 410

1,120

690 

929 

691 

410 

340 

1,280 

1,230 

989 

860 

864 

489 

340

764

Per

square 

mile.

1.10 

.460 

.536 

.940 

1.34 

1.18 

2.02 

.533 

1.14 

. .307 

.214 

.306

' .836

.515 

.693 

.516 

.306 

.254 

.955 

.933 

.738 

.642 

.645 

.365 

.254

.570

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

 1.27 

.51 

.62 

1.09 

1.44 

1.36 

2.25 

.61 

1.27 

.35 

.25 

.34

11.36

.59 

.77 

.59 

.35 

.26 

1.10 

1.04 

.85 

.72 

.74 

.42 

.28

7.71

FOX RIVER AT WEDROH, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 9, T. 34 N., R. 4 E., at highway bridge at Wedron, La Salle 

County, about 1,000 feet above Buck Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 5, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Nels Mathias.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of river at measuring section is soft and probably 

shifts. Control about 1,000 feet downstream composed of coarse gravel and 

large boulders; seldom shifts.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.6 feet at 

4 p. m. March 14 (discharge, 10,200 second-feet); minimum stage, 5.90 feet at 

4 p. m. September 4 (discharge 297 second-feet).

1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 15.4 feet March 14, 1916 (discharge not 

determined because of backwater from ice); maximum open-water stage recorded, 

13.8 feet March 29, 1916 (discharge, 16,700 second-feet); minimum stage, 5.62 feet 

November 20, 1914 (discharge, 105 second-feet, by current-meter measurement).

REGULATION. Moderate diurnal fluctuation is caused by operation of power plants 

at and above Montgomery.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly by high water in March. 

Rating curve used to March 10 well defined between 275 and" 11,300 second-feet; 

curve used after that date well defined between 1,130 and 11,300 second-feet, 

and fairly well defined beyond these limits. Gage read to hundredths twice 

daily. Diurnal fluctuation only moderate. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage heights to rating tables. Results good for medium 

and high stages, fair for very low stages, and poor for periods of ice effect.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. C. Beekman: 

August 9, 1917: Gage height, 6.52 feet; discharge, 743 second-feet.

96719° -19 WSP 455 12
178 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Fox River at Wedron, III., for the year ending Sept SO,

1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2.. ............

3..............

4..1... ........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

751

675

997

790

790

830

790

830

751

954

830

871

954

997

871

790

830

830

638

954

1,710

1.710

1,260 i <ifin

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,310

1,360

1,560

Nov.

1,410

1 410

1,360

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,460

1,220

1 460

1,410

1,460

1 410

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,260

1,220

1,180

1,220

1,080

1,310

1,220

1,360

1,710

1,310

1,260

1,040 i ion

1,220

1,130

Dec.

1,260

1,310

1,220

1,220

1,410

1,310

1,220

1,220 i xfin

1,310

1,140

915

Jan.

960

720

685

Feb.

840

485

440

Mar.

425

2,040

3,330

6,460

9 620

4,870

4,870

4,450

3,020

2,720

3,020

2.870

2^870

3,680

4,050

3,020

3,330

3,170

3,170

2,870

3,330

2,870

Apr.

2,720

2,720

2,.570

2,570

2,570

2,720

2,430

2,170

2,040

1,910

1,670

1,610

1,550

1,550

1,380

1,280

1,330

1*280

1,380

1,440

1,440

1,280

1,230

1 W)

1,500

1,670

1,670

1,610

1,790

1,670

May.

2,170

2,720

2,430

2,300

2,300

2,040

2,040

2,040

1,790

1,790

1,670

1,550

1,440

1,330

1,330

1,180

.1,080

940

852

1,230

985

1,330

1,440

1,380

1,130

1,230

2,170

1,670

1,610

1,610

1,670

June.

2,040

1,910

1,670

1,500

1,550

2,870

2,570

1,910

1,910

2,170

2,040

1,910

5,520

5,080

3,860

3,170

2,720

2,300

2,040

1,790

1,670

1,550

1,500

1,440

1,330

1,550

1,500

1,380

1,440

1,550

July.

1,500

1,500

1/440

1,380

1,280

1,380

1,790

1,550

1,380

1,440

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,280

1,230

1,180

1,380

1,230

1,230

1,380

1,080

1,030

1.330

1,550

1,280

1,180

1,030

940

810

730

810

Aug.

730

690

690

690

652

615

652

769

. 690

652

652

580

580

615

615

580

615

510

477

446

652

652

510

477

477

414

378

378

544

414

390

Sept.

378

343

366

308

544

580

544

510

402

384

477

580

402

366

414

414

343

446

652

477

477

510

544

446

544

510

544

544

580

tAi

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 11 to Mar. 10, estimated, because of ice. from, gage heights, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.

Monthly discharge of Fox River at Wedron, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 2,500 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge hi second-feet.

Maximum.

1,710 

1,710 

1,410

9,620

2,720 

2,720 

5,520 

1,790 

769 

652

9,620

Minimum.

638 

1,040

i,230

852 

1,330 

730 

378 

308

Mean.

1,050 

1,300 

1,110 

785 

599 

2,710 

1,810 

1,630 

2,180 

1,270 

574 

472

1,290

Per

square 

mile.

0.420 

.520 

.444 

.314 

.240 

1.08 

.724 

.652 

.872 

.508 

.230 

.189

.516

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.48

.58 

.51 

.36 

.25 

1.24 

.81 

.75 

.97 

.59 

.27 

.21

7.02

VERMILION- RIVER NEAR STREATOR, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 30 N., R. 3 E. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

known as Bridge No. 3, about 1£ miles south of Streator, La Salle County, and 

100 feet below Santa Fe Railway bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,080 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 27, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to highway bridge; read by Mark Morse.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 179

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and rocks; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.8 feet at 4 p. m. 

June 6 (discharge, 5,750 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.52 foot at 9.30 a. m., 

October 1 (discharge, 1.3 second-feet).

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 22.4 feet January 21, 1916 (discharge, 

estimated from extension of rating curve, 16,000 second-feet); minimum stage 

0.45 foot August 16 and 17, 1914 (discharge, 0.7 second-foot).

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; seriously affected by ice during 

winter. Rating curve well denned between 300 and 2,500 second-feet, and fairly 

well denned between 10 and 300 second-feet and between 2,500 and 12,000 secondfeet. Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage height to rating table. Records good for open-water periods, 

except for extremely low stages and for a period just before or after May 13, when 

the gage was probably read 1.0 foot in error; poor for period of ice effect.

Discharge measurements of Vermilion River near Streator, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

A -iip- Q

9..............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

* 1.00

1 00

Discharge,

Sec.-ft. 

22.7

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River near Streator, Til., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. ............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17.........

18..............

19............

20. .............

21..............

22........ .

23............

24.......

25..............

26..........

27..............

28..............

29............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1.3

2.5

3.0

1.8

3.0

3.8

2.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.8

5.2

5.2

C 9

5.2

5.2

2

K

5.6

7 °.

15

15

12

15

14

11

9.4

9.4

5.2

5.6

5.6

Nov.

6.9

7.3

6.5

7.3

5.2

5.2

7.3

10

15

22

24

24

11

11

12

12

12

12

12

15

18

1 ^

24

OC

30

29

26

15

18

18

Dec.

19

18

25

23

22

22

30

42

25

20

Jan.

570

215

350

Feb.

310

90

145

Mar.

240

int

102

96

88

88

TOO.

5,400

2,210

' 2, 210

2,150

1,850

1,170

749

1,090

1,050

1,010

1,010

ovn

QQA

OKA

749

684

652

526

318

Apr.

332

434

783

891

1 13H

2.270

930

891

818

74Q

716

588

464

419

nco

749

01 Q

ftfwl

P.^4

818

O1 O

783

700

749

749

749

716

May.

716

716

684

684

684

652

652

652

620

620

304

304

291

291

291

278

278

OfJC

o co

OKO

o co

9 eo

9.4ft

240

240 990

99ft

228

 June.

228

216

304

278

464

^ 7ftf1

5,400

4,680

4,680

4 680

4 600

3,720

4,520

3 640

3

CAA

3

CAA

1,6£0

1,170

818

*7QO

716

464

464

464

375

009

265

97ft

97ft

July.

278

252

204

193

146

102

88

77

79

67

56

48

47

10

27

16

9/in

111

107

105

OS

OK

81

01

01

100

 too

11100

80

Aug.

JK

27

19

17

1Q

16

17

16

16

11

14

1 9

7.7

4. 7

ft O

6.0

9 ^

4 7

0 0

3.6

3

0

9K

99

09

OS

26

24

99

oo

28

Sept.

16

15

16

9.4

8.6

11

109

318

304

318

01 0

318

278

150

qj

on

27

99

10

8.6

9.4

9.4

Q n

8.1

16

17

18

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 9 to Feb. 28 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated. Gage probably read 

1.0 foot in error for a period just before or after May 13, and computed discharge may be considerably in 

error,
180 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Vermilion River near Streator, III., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 1,080 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

15 

30

5, 40) 

2,270 

716 

5,750 

278 

45 

318

5,750

Minimum .

1.3

5.2

332 

228 

216 

13 

2.5 

6.0

1.3

Mean.

6.08 

15.2 

22.6

377 

184 

891 

790 

420 

1,950 

108 

17.4 

81.4

404

Per 

square 

mile.

0.006 

. .014 

.021 

.349 

.170 

.825 

.731 

.389 

1.81 

.100 

.016 

.075

,374

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.007 

.02 

.02 

.40 

.18 

.95 

.82 

.45 

2.02. 

.12 

.02 

.08

5.09

SPOON RIVER AT SEVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION. In^ec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 1 E. fourth principal meridian, at Toledo, Peoria

& Western Hallway bridge about a quarter of a mile east of railway station at

Seville, Fulton County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 24, 1914, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read to hundredthsonce daily by C. D. Bartlett.

Elevation of zero gage above sea level. 467.78 feet. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge; low water

measurements are made by wading below dam at railroad station. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a loose roclc dam, about 2 miles downstream from

gage, used to create a reservoir for the pumping station of the Toledo, Peoria &

Western Railway. 

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 20.4 feet at 7 a. m.

June 15; minimum stage, 2.10 feet at 7 a. m. October 11. 

1914-1917: Maxim urn stage recorded, 26.0 feet January 23, 1916; minimum

stage, 1.35 feet July 31, August 28 and 29,1914. 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during winter.

Data inadequate for determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Spoon River at Seville, III., daring the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Mar. 15

IS

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

17.05

7.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

9,400

2,080

Date.

Sept. 7

17

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.39

3.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

594

177
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASIN. 181 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Spoon River at Seville, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14. .............

15. ............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20.............. 

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.............. 

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

Oct.

2.80

2.50

2.45

2.40

2.25

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.10

2.15

2.25

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.50 

3.8

4.3

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

4.0 

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.3

Nov.

3.1

2.90

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.90

2.90

4.2

4.4

4.1

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.2 

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3.4 

3.3

Dec.

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.70

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.00

2.80

2.70

2.80 

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

5.3

7.9

6.3

5.5

5.1

Jan.

4.5

4.3

3.9

3.7

4.7

6.5

9.5

9.0

7.5

6.3

5.4

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.0 

4.0

8.0

11.6

8.8

7.8

6.2

5.3 

5.1

6.0 

5.2

5.2

Feb.

7.5

6.7

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.9

4.0

4.3

4.3

4.5

4.7

4.8

4.1

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.9

4.0 

4.0

Mar.

4.1

4.1

3.7

3.8

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.95

4.45

10.1

15.6

16.4

17.5

11.6

7.3

7.0

6.6 

6.6

6.5

8.6

8.6

6.3

4.7

4.45 

4.2

4.2 

4.1

4.0

Apr.

4.0

4.0

3.85

3.65

4.0

4.15

4.25

4.15

4.0

4.2

4.3

4.15

3.6

3.75

3.8

3.6

3.65

4.7

5.0

8.6 

7.7

6.0

5.6

6.1

6.5

6.3

6.4 

6.6

6.6 

7.2

May.

10.7

9.2

7.1

7.0

7.0

5:3

4.8

4.6

4.25

4.9

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.5

4.45

4.3

4.15

4.1

4.0

3.85 

3.75

3.95

4.15

4.0

3.9

3.85

4.0 

3.7

3.P.5 

3.55

5.4

June.

5.5

5.5

4.9

4.6

18.2

15.1

14.2

12.1

9.0

8.7

8.5

8.1

15.4

17.2

20.4

18.4

15.1

12.2

10.2

8.1

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.1

5.8

5.8

5.6 

6.5

8.3

5.8

July.

6.8

6.5

6.2

5.1

5.1

5.0

4.2

4.0

3.85

5.2

4.8

4.4

4.25

4.05

3.9

3.75

5.4

5.1

4.0

3.05

2.47

3.2

3.1

4.15

6.2

5.1

4.5 

4.05

3 9 

3^75

4.05

Aug.

3.85

3.65

3.55

3.30

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.1

3.1 2. as

2.75

2.65

2.6

3.6

3.55

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.88

2.72 

2.43

5.2

4.15

4.0

3.85

3.7

3.5 

3.1

3.6 

3.5

3.25

Sept.

2.87

2.56

2.46

3.8

3.95

4.45

4.7

5.8

8.6

9.2

7.4

7.0

6.8

5.7

4.6

3.2

4.4

4.4

4.5 

4.45

4.35

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.95

3.95 

3.9

3.85 

3.8

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation probably affected by ice about Dec. 11 to Mar. 11. 

SANGAMON RIVER AT MONTICELLO, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 18 N., R. 5 E. third principal meridian, at Illinois Central 

Railroad bridge about half a mile west of Monticello, Piatt County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 550 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 4, 1908, to December 31, 1912; June 23, 1914, to 

September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read by David Coay.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from downstream side of bridge 

and wooden trestle approach.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool; control consists of fine gravel; 

likely to shift.

EXTREMES dp DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.0 feet at 5 p. m. 

June 9 (discharge, 2,530 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.7 feet, October 9-11, 

14, and 16-17 (discharge, 8 second-feet).

Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 15.2 feet May 14, 1908 

(discharge, 9,280 second-feet); maximum stage during flood of March to April, 

1913, 17.7 feet March 25 (discharge not known); minimum stage recorded during 

periods of records, 1.5 feet July 31, August 1 and 3, 1914 (discharge, 1 secondfoot).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly several times during year. 

Rating curve used from March 16 to August 4 fairly well defined above 51 secondfeet; curves for remainder of year fairly well defined above 5 second-feet. Gage 

read to quarter-tenths once a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

daily gage height to rating table. Open-water records good; winter records poor.
182 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River at Monticello, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.

Date.

July 27.. ............................................................................

Aug. 13.............................................................................

Do..............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.36

3.24

3.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

483

88.8

87.4

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River at Monticello, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

10

12

12

9.5

9.5

9.5

9.5

8.8

8.0

8.0

8.0

9.5

9.5

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

11

14

14

17

17

17

17

17.

14

14

14

13

12

12

Nov.

12

12

11

11

11

11

11

12

14

14

14

14

14

14

14

14

14

14

14

14

17

21

21

22

23

23

21

91

Dec.

17

17

17

17

17

17

20

24

24

24

16

12

Jan.

20

10

25

Feb.

25

8

30

Mar.

34

29

29

32

34

29

25

21

23

24

24

25

490

l,iCO

1,320

1,540

1 '980 340

619

488

358

295

265

342

453

564

425

310

211

186

162

Apr.

244

326

659

815

639

745

865

724

582

459

358

295

251

211

186

162

1411

130

140

162

162

174

186

151

125

120

151

130

146

162

May.

186

186

211

211

237

340

442

358

295

251

211

174

152

130

115

101

88

88

83

77

71

88

125

237

326

265

226

186

186

140

265

Tune.

391

619

522

425

659

1,500

1,980

2,400

2,530

2,340

2,160

2,280

2,040

1,770

1,380

1,090

918

745

6L9

510

425

358

1,150

8C4

459

358

408

493

619

528

July.

443

358

295

240

186

151

130

116

101

88

75

63

59

55

74

92

88

88

83

71

55

48

40

30

48

59

342

528

357

186

96

Aug.

63

48

31

22

239

456

618

715

508

226

140

113

86

69

53

49

36

33

27

21

21

100

165

1Q4.

194

134

73

65

46

73

86

Sept67

K.A

42

36

32

29

29

194

218

242

148

96

75

59

48

40

32

25

23

23

23

23

21

19

19

19

19

19

19

16

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for Sundays and July 4 and 10; estimated, because of ice, for Dec. 11 

to Feb. 28, from gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean, discharge 

for periods indicated.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASIN. 183

Monthly discharge of Sangamon Eiver at Monticello, III., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

December. ....................................

February. .....................................

March .........................................

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Theyear -..-....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17 

23

1,540 

865 

442 

2,530 

528 

715 

242

2.530

Minimum.

8.0 

11.0

2i 

120 

71 

358 

30 

21 

16

Mean.

11.6 

15.1 

15.7 

18.6 

20.4 

380 

320 

195 

1.080 

150 

152 

57.0

201

Per 

square 

mile.

0.021

.027 

.029 

.034 

.037 

.691 

.582 

.354 

1.96 

.273 

.276 

.103

.365

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.03 

.03 

.04 

.04 

.80 

.65 

.41 

2.19 

.31 

.32 

.11

4.95

SANGAMON RIVER AT BJVEB.TON, ILL.

LOCATION. In southeast corner of SW. J sec. 9, T. 16 N., R. 4 W. third principal 

meridian, at Wabash Railroad bridge about a quarter of a mile west of Riverton, 

Sangamon County, and 2J miles below mouth of South Fork.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,560 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 13, 1908, to December 31, 1912; August 7, 1914, to 

September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by J. J. Washburn.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool; control consists of fine 

gravel and shifts slightly.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 27.4 feet at 4.30 

p. m. June 7 (discharge, 19,900 second-feet); minimum stage, 7.43 feet at 8 a. m. 

November 21 (discharge, 37 second-feet).

1908-1912; 1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 27.8 feet February 3, 1916 

(discharge, 20,800 second-feet); high water of 1883 reached a height of about 

32 feet on the present gage, and that of 1875 is said to have been one-half foot 

lower (discharge not estimated); minimum stage recorded, 6.9 feet October 3-15, 

1915 (discharge, 3 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during March. Rating curves 

used before and after the change, well denned below and fairly well denned above 

4,350 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table. Records good for periods 

for which daily discharge has been ascertained; fair for October; poor for winter.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

July 28

Made by 

.....do....................................................................

&L

Feet. 

27.80

10.54

12.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

21,600

657

1,260
184

Daily dii

SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

, in second-feet, of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8.. ............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12.............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.............

26..............

27. .............

28. .......:.....

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

> 55

Nov.

50

50

50

42

CO

48

46

KA

KA

CO

67

64

KC

KQ

18

47

47

48d<\

47

V?

44

56

00

116

116

10.4

QQ

QQ

93

Dec.

74

68

79

71

70

65

67

102

106

74

45

40

Jan.

340

140

100

Feb.

75

1 75

O-f'7

OOQ

9KO

917

1 ftO

Mar.

162

152

IfiO

152

162

152 149

124

102

106

109

111

5,160

7,580

11,100

8,780

9,100

7,720

5,420

5,070

4,000

3.420

2,680

2,530-

2,480

2

qort

I

QOft

1,780

1,610

1,370

1,210

Apr.

1,730

2,380

2,330

2,280 9 4in

2,380

2,380

2,280

2,180

2

1 Oft

1 TSft

1,650

1,410

1,370

1,100

<KK

QQf>

960

Qfifl

8O4

862

1,100

706

676

619

706

1,030

1,030

1,060

May.

1,250

1,370

1,410

1,410

1,730

2,180

1,930

1,830

1 880

1 J 78ft

1,780

1,610

1,410

1,210

1,170

960

894

OflO

862

894

676

OQ4.

QQP;

Qfift

960

QQC

OQK

1,030

1,060

1.370

2,680

June.

3,420

3 s/;n

3 7QA

3,790

9

OAA

19,200 IQ onn

14,600

H QAft

9 8Aft

9 440

9 980

9,100

8

<WI

6,120

5,610

4,420

2,830

2,380

2,080

1,780

1,610

1,490

1,490

3,120

2

CL4A

2

QOA

July.

2,230

1,780

1,690

1,210

1,060

1 '927 030

706

676

592

592

490

465

440

416

QQ9

qno

380

380

380

QfiG

894

CQ4

619

465

566

A1Q

619

Kfifi

Aug.

404

404

404

QSfl

97ft

416

706

706

676

592

619

465

368

332

248

236

99Q

1Q9

168

232

380

K1 K

676

490

416

4«c

404

QQO

440

Sept.

490

515

676

JQA

4Qft

KQO

fi1Q

QQA

1 1dfl

1 140

894

fU7

KQO

676

4fU

380

344

OAQ

151

102

99

1AA

105

Q7

94

102

 met

71

NOTE. Discharge, Oct. 1 to Nov. 3, estimated because of no gage-height record, from records of discharge 

of Sangamon Eiver at Monticello and at Oakford; also Dec. 11 toT?eb. 23, because of ice. from gage heights, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 2,560 square miles.]

Month.

March....................... ......... ......

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

116 

106

252 

11,100 

2,430 

2,680 

19,900 

2,230 

706 

1,140

19,900

Mrnlmmn.

37

102 

619 

676 

1,490 

368 

168 

71

Mean.

55.0 

62.5 

53.5 

190 

100 

2,800 

1,450 

1,320 

7,150 

739 

417 

419

1,230

Per 

square 

mile.

0.021 

.024 

.021 

.074 

.039 

1.09 

.586 

.516 

2.79 

.289 

.163 

.164

.480

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.03 

.02 

.09 

.04 

1.26 

.63 

.59 

3.11 

.33 

.19 

.18

6.49
TJPPEK MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASIN. 185

SANGAMON RIVER NEAR OAKFORD, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 19 N., R. 7 W. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

3 miles northeast of Oakford, Menard County, 2J miles above Chicago, Peoria & 

St. Louis Railway bridge, and 1J miles above mouth of Crane Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 26, 1909, to June 30, 1911; December 10, 1911, to 

March 31, 1912; August 25, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by R. W. Schnell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and fine gravel; shifting. The 

river for some distance above and below station has been dredged and straightened, thus increasing the slope considerably and disturbing the regimen of flow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.9 feet June 

8 and 9 (discharge, determined from extension of rating curve, 33,300 secondfeet); minimum stage, 0.68 foot October 10-18 (discharge, 135 second-feet).

1909-1912,1914-1917: Maximum discharge June 8, 9, 1917; minimum discharge, 85 second-feet, August 30,31, November 27, and December 2, 1914.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent. Rating curve used to March 

31,1916, fairly well defined between 310 and 17,500 second-feet; curves used after 

that date fairly well defined between 170 and 17,500 second-feet; extended above 

17,500 second-feet. Gage read to tenths once daily till December 31,1914, and to 

hundredths once or twice daily afterwards. Gage reading for March to September, 

1916, somewhat unreliable. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily 

gage height to rating table. Open-water records good for medium stages, and fair 

for low and very high stages; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River near Odkford, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Nov.3.... ...................

Mar. 16. ......................

21.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.77

10.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

158

10,000

8,160

Date.

Mar. 28.. ....... ..............

Sept. 8.. .....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.34

6.40

2.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,540

2,950

755

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1914-1917.

Day.

1914. 

1.. ............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

Aug. Sept.

"99

237

274

310

329

348

348

348

468

468

Day.

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

Aug. Sept.

427

407

387

387

387

387

387

374

361

348

Day.

21..............

22..............

23..............

94

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Aug.

117

117

99

99

99

85

85

Sept.

348

348

329

310

310

310

292

273

273

273
186 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofSangamon River near Oakford, III., for the years ending Sept. SO, 1914-1917 Continued. 

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1915-16. 

1..............

2. .............

3..............

'i... ...........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

202

140

140

132

124

117

99

140

128

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

108

99

99

99

QQ

99

OO

99

2,980

2,980

2 74n

2,580

2,180

2,020

1,880

1,740

1,670

1,600

1,530

1,460

1,460

1,390

1,320

1/320

1,260

1,260

1,200

1,200

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,020

962

906

906

906

Nov.

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

. 99

QQ

99

92

85

92

99

QQ

851

851

798

798

798

746

746

696

696

696

6%

696

696

696

696

696

647

624

647

696

696

696

696

696

624

746

1,020

906

696

647

Dec.

99

85

92

99

99

99

99

99

117

117

117

117

117

117

99

100

600

554

532

532

554

600

647

600

600

600

647

6%

798

851

1,080

1,390

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,390

1,390

1 460

l'390

1 390

1^200

1,200

1,080

1,080

1,020

1,020

1 200

Jan.

2,420

4,730

7,910

9,920

10,200

10,300

10,200

9,780

9,360

8,820

s i7n

8,820

0 900 lo'soo

11,200

10 inn

Feb.

25,800

28,400

20,200

13,400

Mar.

696

647

600 Ann

Ann

Ann

ffji

c-in

489

489

468

7,260

6 040

5^160

4,630

4 630

4' 130

3

' ocn

3,770

3,590

3

CAf|

3,410

3,230

3,140

3,140

3,140

3

f\an

2 900

3,250

3,610

3 960

4,320

4,670

5.030

Apr.

448

448

427

427

427

407

407

387

368

427

647

798

798

746

746

696

647

600

554

798

cirt

510

647

696

746

798

851

906

Qflfi

851

5,380

5,270

5,160

5,160

4 830

4,530

3,860

3,590

3 430

3,270

3,110

2

QCfk

2

Q7A

2,790

2

7QA

2,630

2,470

2

OQA

2,390

2,390

2,310

2 sin

2 1 fin

2,090

2

AQA

2,020

1 QP\fi

1,880

May.

696

600

554

696

600

510

554

906

1,460

1,020

798

647

600

600

554

468

A(V7

368

S9O

310

407

497

497

468

6,160

O *?9ft

U,200

13,700

16,300

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,740

1,670

1,600

1 *WA

1,470

1,470

1,530

3,110

S

yfOA

4,040

4,040

3,680

3 OKA

3,110

3,030

2

QCA

2,630

2

AOf|

2,630

2,550

3

1QA

3,510

3 eon

3,770

4,130

June.

15,900

14,500

12,800

9,920

8,560

6,280

4,730

4,130

3,410

2,740

2,740

3,140

5,160

5,600

5,270

4,730

3,950

3,060

2,580

2,740

2,980

3,410

4,330

4,730

4 530

3,060

2,420

1 QKrt

1,740

1,600

3,770

3,590

3,430

2 ?on

2,630

3,110

3,270

3,110

2,790

2

CCA

2 qift

2,160

2,020

1,880

1,740

1,740

1,670

1 600

1,670

1 Q^ift

4 040

3^770

3,430

2 OCA

3,030

2 flOft,

2,310

July.

1,670

1,880

1,810

1,670

1,530

1,320

1,390

1,810

2,500

2,900

6,160

8,690

8,820

8,690

8,560

9,080

9,220

7,780

6,280

4,530

3,410

2,180

i 74n

1,530

1,810

2,340

2 isn

2,100

4,830

1,740

1T470

1,350

1,230

1,110

1,000

896

845

795

74A

698

698

698

698

698

605

582

_ 538

517

4Q7

560

605

651

605

'497

477

438

438

400

363

Aug.

7,000

7,520

9,360

10,800

9,500

7,520

5,820

5,600

5,710

5,270

4,940

3,860

2,740

2,340

2,020

2,740

2,900

1,880

1,810

7,260

11,300

14,700

20,600

oo onn

91 4nn

20.200

16,900

14,700

363

363

345

9Q9

292

292

538

419

Q4K

538

651

698

560

477

345

327

327

007

259

276

91Q

259

OJO

227

227

OO7

227

997

227

218

Sept.

12,800

10,480

6,880

4,330

3,770

3,060

2

QAA

2,740

2,900

2

QQA

3,770

4,530

5,160

3 QCfi

6,760

in onn

9 640

9 920

9' 220

S Qftft

8,820

8 A.W\

7 780

6 640

5^380

4 940

4

7qft

4.330

3.860

3

CQA

211

203

1%

173

167

167

162

167

154

154

154

173

1ft9

1*wl

1M

154

154

154

154

154

154

147

14ft.

Ijri

1<W

lf>Q

14.fi.

151

167
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASIN. 187

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., for the years ending Sept. 30, 191^-1917 Continued.

Day.

1916-17. 

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

190

167

167

162

156

156

148

148

140

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

148

1M

173

187

187

187

193

187

173

173

173

173

181

Nov.

173

173

154

154

154

154

145

154

' 167

173

167

181

181

181

167

167

167

167

167

167

167

167

212

243

259

259

259

259

259

259

Dec.

259

227

243

227

221

212

205

215

Jan.

750

455

325

Feb.

245

327

400

477

477

477

560

560

517

Mar.

477

438

438

400

363

363

382

382

363

327

327

327

497

5,600

8 snn

10,100

11,000

11,600

10,800

9,360

8,040

6,520

5,380

4.940

4,730

4.430

3.950

3,590

3,270

3,030

2,710

Apr.

2,550

3,110

4,040

4,530

4,630

4,730

5,160

4 830

4^530

4,040

3,680

3,430

3,110

2,710

2,870

2,310

2,090

2,020

2,790

2,710

2,630

2,310

2,090

1,950

1,810

1,670

1,810

2,090

2,160

2,310

May.

2,470

2,630

2,710

2,950

3,190

3,430

3,590

3,430

3,270

3,590

3,430

3,110

2,790

2,630

2,230

2,160

1 950

1,880

1,740

1,600

1,530

2,310

2,630

2,390

2,310

2,230

2,160

2,090

2,160

2,390

3,350

June.

4,730

5,600

5,490

5,160

12,200

17,100

30,200

32,600

33,300

30,200

28,000

25,800

23,600

21,500

19,300

17,100

15, 700

14,200

13,100

11,900

10,800

9,640

8,560

6,700

5,110

3,880

3,050

6,100

7,300

6,460

July.

5,550

5,550

4,080

3,320

2,790

2,400

2,190

1,980

1,770

1,560

1,490

1,300

1,240

1,110

1,050

1,220

1,220

1,160

1,100

1,100

980

920

920

1,100

1,400

1,220

1,720

1,460

1,340

1,220

1,160

Aug.

1,100

980

860

750

650

650

650

750

1,280

1,040

1,040

1,040

939

838

736

635

586

538

491

468

610

1,900

925

980

925

867

814

711

635

660

610

Sept.

746

798

746

6%

647

574

574

798

746

1,950

1,600

1,390

1,260

1,080

906

696

598

524

500

452

428

382

359

337

337

337

337

337

315

315

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for about one-third the days in 1914 and June 11-15, 1917; ascertained 

from estimated gage heights June 18-26, 1917; estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's 

notes, and weather records, for Dec. 16-31,1914, Dec. 16-31,1915. and Dec. 7,1916 to Feb. 20,1917.

Gage-height record March to September, 1916, rather unreliable.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River near Odkford, III., for the years ending Sept. 30,

1914-1917.

[Drainage area, 5,000 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

August 25-31........... .......................

September. ....................................

1914-15.

March 19-31.. .................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

117 

468

202 

99

696 

906 

16,500 

15,900 

9,080 

22,200 

12,800

Minimum.

85 

99

99 

85

448 

368 

310 

1,600 

1,320 

1,810 

2,740

Mean.

100 

338

118 

98.1 

102 

551 

621 

2,840 

5,090 

3,980 

9,330 

6,120

Per 

square - mile.

0.020 

.068

.024 

.020 

.020 

.110 

.124 

.568 

1.02 

.7% 

1.87 

1.22

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.005 

.08

.03 

.02 

.02 

.05 

.14 

.65 

1.14 

.92 

2.16 

1.36
188

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 

1914-1917 Continued.

Month.

1915-16.

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

1016-17.

March .........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year. . ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,980 

1,020 

1,460

5,380 

4,130 

4,040 

1,740 

698 

211

190

259

560 

if, 600 

5,160 

3,590 

33,300 

5,550 

1,900 

1,950

33,300

M inimiTm r

S06 

624 

532 

2,420

1,880 

1,470 

1,600 

3G3 

218 

128

135

145

327 

1.670 

1,530 

3,050 

920 

468 

315

135

Mean.

1,570 

730 

970 

11,100

3,140 

2,620 

2,720 

743 

345 

160

160 

189 

214 

504 

311 

3,950 

3,020 

2,590 

14,500 

1,830 

828 

692

2,390

Per 

square 

mile.

0.314 

.146 

.194 

2.22

.628 

.524 

.544 

.149 

.OG9 

.032

.032 

.038 

.043 

.101 

.062 

.790 

.604 

.518 

2.90 

.366 

.166 

.138

.478

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.36 

.16 

.22 

2.56

70 

.60 

.61 

.17 

.08 

.04

.04 

.04 

.05 

.12 

.06 

.91 

.67 

.60 

3.24 

.42 

.19 

.15

6.49

SOUTH FORK OF SANGAMON RIVER NEAR TAYLORVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 8, T. 12 N., R. 2 W., at Wabash Railroad bridge about 3J miles 

southwest of Taylorville, Christian County, and about a quarter of a mile upstream 

from highway bridge known as Half Acre Bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 427 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 11, 1908, to December 31, 1912; August 8, 1914, to 

May 17, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Louis Seelbach. On September 2, 

1909, gage datum was lowered 2 feet. The gage heights to August 10, 1909, refer 

to old datum; those from August 11 to September 1,1909, are of no value because 

of backwater from a construction dam built and used during that period. Gage 

heights from September 2, 1909, to December 31, 1912, refer to new datum. 

On August 8, 1914, the datum was changed by an unknown amount, all bench 

marks being destroyed during construction of a new concrete steel-plate girder 

bridge. Gage heights subsequent to August 8, 1914, refer to the datum used in 

reestablishing the gage on that date.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading 

below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. In August, 1909, a drainage ditch was dug along the river 

in the vicinity of the station, which straightened the course of the stream but 

coincided with the original channel at the gaging section. Though the dross 

section of the channel at the measuring section was not changed, the stagedischarge relation was considerably affected by the change in slope. Subsequent 

to 1912 a new bridge was built, and since then the stage-discharge relation has 

again changed. Measuring section is in a pool; control likely to shift.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. 1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 16.1 feet at 1 p. m. 

January 31, 1916 (discharge, 9,660 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.51 foot August 

10 and 11 and September 29, 1914 (discharge, 0.6 second-foot). 

Maximum discharge during periods of records same as for 1914-1917.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 189

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed several times from 1914 to 1917; 

affected by ice and by backwater from brush during spring of 1917. Bating 

curves used from February 1,1915, to March 31,1917, fairly well defined between 

264 and 2,520 second-feet; rating curves for other periods poorly defined. Gage 

read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily 

gage height to rating table. Becords fair for medium and high stages during 

open-water periods of 1915 and 1916; poor for remainder of time.

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, III., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Mar. 17..............................................................................

Mar. 20... ...........................................................................

May 18.............. ................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.34

6.32

4.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,530

387

107

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville,-III., 

for the period Aug. 8, 1914, to May 17, 1917.

Day.

1914. 

1..............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8.............. 9^

10..............

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13............ .

14...... ..... .

15..............

16..............

17...... .....

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.......... ...

30..............

31..............

Aug.

0.7

.7

.6

Oct.

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.3

3.6

3.6

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

5.2

5.0

5.0

4.6

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.2

2.7

2

0

2.1

2

1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.4

Sep

2

2

11

. 18

14

14

45

190

77

43

Nov.

2.7

2.7

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

4.4

5.2

6.0

5.8

5.8

6.2

7.0

7.4

7.4

7.0

6.2

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.4

6.4

6.6

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.8

6.8

t.

.7 11

.8 12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Dec.

7.0

7.2

8.0

8.0

8.8

8.4

8.2

9.2

10

9.8

3

8

Day

1914

Jan.

75

30

5

Feb.

1,520

1,570

1,270

790

349

140

133

98

85

85

85

73

68

54

50

42

36

34

85

315

473

332

178

119

Aug.

0.6

.7

.7

2.7

1.6

1.3

1.1

.9

.8

6.0

Mar.

98

85

68

63

58

63

68

63

63

54

48

46

44

42

40

38

34

32

31

32

32

31

30

28

26

25

25

21

20

20

19

Sept

32

17

13

9.

7.

6.

6.

5.

3.

3.

Apr.

18

17

17

17

16

17

17

17

18

20

38

50

58

42

34

30

21

19

17

17

17

19

190

264

454

366

203

112

68

26

21.

22.

23.

2 24.

8 25.'

8 26.

0 27.

0 28.

8 29.

0 30.

31.

May.

19

16

28

42

38

36

40

140

105

85

48

40

30

25

28

28

30

24

17

20

36

157

105

79

73

654

3.030

3,390

2,770

2.380

2,000-

Day.

1914.

June.

1,670

1,320

985

581

400

264

190

167

140

119

1,180

1,570

1.720

1.270

761

400

217

167

140

315

1,270

1,370

1,470

950

605

248

140

,157

315

680

July

55

38

26

19(

31

4<M

31,

49

85

79

1,47(

2,06(

2,53(

2,38( 2; not

1,62(

1.37(

85

. 47;

31,

21

17

14

11

9!

9

16'

15'

14( 11<

14(

*

*

1

1

1

*

1

>

1

>

1

)

1

1

*

1

*

1

)

^

*

r

>

>

)

Aug.

2.0

49

29

10

7.4

A 4

9.0

2.7

3.2

3.4

1 fl

Aug.

167

190

536

558

605

400 '

190

126

91

85

68

63

58

54

54

68

105

85

148

167

3,210

7,150

5,990

4,230

2

Q4A

2,310

1,620

1,370

950

680

605

Sept.

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.6

1.3

1.1

1.0

.9

.6

1.2

Sept.

473

332

248

178

148

148

126

126

148

133

112

105

105

98

91

98

79

126

349

349

264

383

264

.167

157

112

105

105

119,

105
190 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, III., 

for the period Aug. 8, 1914, to May 17, 1917 Continued.

Day.

191-5-16. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.... ..........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19......'........

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31.. ^... ........

Oct.

91

79

73

70

63

58

56

54

52

50

48

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

73

85

85

79

79

7370

73

73

79

79

85

85

Nov.

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

85

91

91

91

91

85

85

91

98

QR

98

98

98

98

85

91

91

Q1

91

Dec.

91

91

85

91

85

85

85

85

85

85

112

178

298

298

217

232

383

435

366

264

232

203

203

203

165

Jan.

1,330

761

1,570

4,460

4,980

3,900

3,030

2,450

2,060

1,720

1,320

1,180

1,420

1,670

1.670

1,420

1,100

916

1,100

1,370

2,850

9,460

Feb.

7,870

3,690

2,530

1,940

1,470

1,140

. 706

493

400

332

298

298

315

281

232

417

605

883

851

761

761

1,100

1,320

1,420

1,100

820

629

Mar.

514

448

383

332

298

332

605

883

790

654

536

473

417

400

366

332

298

248

264

232

917

217

217

203

ono

217

264

264

248

Apr.

232

232

232

217

203

190

178

178

167

167

167

157

147

138

138

129

129

120

120

120

157

157

147

138

120

129

19Q

120

111

May.

Ill

111

111

120

129

120

111

102

94

87

80

80

80

80

87

102

203

157

120

94

87

84

80

77

74

71

74

80

102

111

102

June.

102

102

111

120

102

102

90

315

264

190

129

111

90

74

68

65

62

60

57

74

733

1,520

1,880

1,720

1,370

680

400

264

190

147

July.

Ill

84

68

57

57

50

47

39

35

33

29

27

26

43

54

35

31

31

26

24

90

43

37

27

21

17

15

12

11

9.6

7.8

Aug.

11

7.4

11

8.8

7.0

4.8

3.1

4.5

8.4

6.0

5.0

6.8

7.2

10

16

18

17

15

7.6

5.0

3.5

2.9

2.3

2.1

1.7

1.7

2.1

1.5

1.9

1.5

1.7

Sept.

2.1

4.2

3.3

2.5

1.9

5.0

43

45

22

8.8

4.0

1.9

2.1

1.3

.9

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.9

1.5

1.3

1.1

.9

1.0

.9

5.2

3.1

1.9

Day.

1916-17. 

I............../.....................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7... .................................

8....................................

9........:...........................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22.. ..................................

23............................... ....

24. ...................................

25....................................

26....................................

27...................... ....... ....

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Oct.

i Q

1.1

1.1

1 Q

1

O

9

1.1

1 Q

1.1

1.0 1.1 1.1

1 Q

9 Q

4.5

Q H

9 7

8.0

9 0

9 4

9.0

8.8

9.2

10

10

10

10

11

10

11

Nov.

11

10

9.6

10

9 6

9 6

9.8

9

0

1011

10

10

101111

11

10

10

10

10

10

10

1<l

14

17

19

16

14

13

11

Dec.

11

10

9.6

9 6

9.8

9 6

9 6

10

5

9

Jan.

45

12

7

Feb.

1.5

1.2

20

Mar.

19

15

12

12

11

10

10

11

11

11

11

12

248

1,520

3,030

2,120

1,570

1,140

714

385

283

249

266

K1Q

549

Qfi9

283

200

156

112

Apr.

107

192

435

385

266

249

249

224

200

192

128

128

102

90

82

72

65

78

59

53

50

An

34

32

30

33

65

122

Tvi

May.

224

283

340

301

283

301

385

320

283

249

301

283

266

249

200

162

134

NOTE.^Discharge interpolated for Nov. 8 and 9,1914, Mar. 2,1916, and Mar. 30,1917; estimated for Dec. 

11,1914, to Feb. 5,1915, Jan. 1-10,1916, and Dec. 9,1916, to Feb. 28,1917, because of ice, from gage heights, 

observer'3 notes, and weather records, Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated,
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI KIVER BASIN. 191

Monthly discharge of South Fork ofSangamon River near Taylorville, III., for the period 

Aug. 8, 1914 to May 17, 1917.

[Drainage area, 427 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

August, 8-31.................................

1914-15.

April........................................

May.........................................

July.........................................

The year ...............................

1915-16.

May.........................................

July.........................................

1916-17.

April........................................

Mav. 1-17...... ....... .......................

Discharge in second-feet.

\ 

Maximum.

49 

190

5.2 

7.4

98 

454 

3,390 

1,720 

2,530 

7.150 

473

7,150

91 

98 

435 

9,460 

7,870 

883 

232 

203 

1,880 

111 

18 

45

 9,460

11 

19

3,030 

435 

385

Minimum.

0.6 

.6

1.1 

2.7

34 

19 x 

16 

16 

119 

98 

54 

79

48 

85 

85

232 

203 

111 

71 

57 

7.8 

1.5 

.9

.9

0.9 

9.6

10 

30 

134

Mean.

5.90 

17.8

' 2.72 

5.59 

6.54 

35.6 

502 

43.5 

74.0 

500 

693 

684 

1,130 

178

321

67.5 

89.4 

183 

2,060 

1,180 

365 

156 

101 

373 

38.6 

6.53 

5.74

383

4.98 

11.3

7.78 

20.9 

6.68 

454 

136 

268

Per square 

mile.

0.014 

.042

.0064 

.013 

.015 

.083 

1.18 

.102 

.173 

1.17 

"1.62 

1.60 

2.65 

.417

.752

.158 

.209 

.428 

4.82 

2.76 

.854 

.365 

.237 

.873 

.090 

.015 

.013

.897

.012 

.026 

.018 

.049 

.015 

1.06 

.319 

.627

Run-off 

(depth in) 

inches on 

drainage 

(area).

0.01 

.05

.007 

.01 

.02 

.10 

1.23 

.12 

.19 

1.35 

1.81 

1.84 

3.06 

.46

10.20

.18 

.23 

.49 

5.56 

2.98 

.98 

.41 

.27 

.97 

.10 

.02 

.01

12.20

.01 

.03 

.02 

.06 

.02 

1.22 

.36 

.40

SOUTH FORK OF SANGAMON RIVER AT POWER PLANT HEAR TAYLORVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 14, T. 13 N., R. 3 W., at Chicago & Illinois Midland Railroad 

bridge about 6 miles northwest of Taylorville, Christian County, about 500 feet 

east of power plant of Central Illinois Public Service Co., 5 miles below mouth 

of Bear Creek, and 8 miles below station formerly maintained at Wabash Railroad 

bridge.

DRAINAGE AEEA. 510 square miles (measured on map issued by U. S. Geological 

Survey, scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECOEDS AVAILABLE. May 18 to September 30, 1917. 

AGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by R. T. Teaney.

DISCHAEGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTEOL. Soft mud;' likely to shift.

EXTREMES OP DISCHAEGE. Maximum stage recorded during period of records, 

26.6 feet June 6 (discharge, 10,400 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.68 feet at 

9 a. m. August 21 (discharge, 3.8 second-feet).

A stage of about 27.3 feet on the present gage is said to have been reached 

January 31,1916 (discharge, 11,300 second-feet).

DIVEESIONS. An average of about a half second-foot of water is used for boiler-feed 

and other purposes at the power plant.
192 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent during period of records. 

Rating curve fairly well defined above 25 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths 

twice a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to 

rating table. Records good except those for extremely low stages, which are fair.

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant near Taylorville, III., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

May 18

7

Made by 

G. J. Trinkaus. ........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.61

14.21

24.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

102

1 43ft

S AQft

Date.

26

Sept. 11

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

91 40

5.83

9 79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

109

504

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant, near 

Taylorville, 111., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14............

May. June.

1,440

1,350

5,020

10,400

8,310

5,020

3,310

2,390

1,750

1,410

1,150

868

680

July.

155

108

Qfi

76

62

52

47

42

38

35

32

28

26

23

no

Aug.

23

14

11

Q fi

11

14

59

Qfi

CO

40

28

16

19

Q ft

Sept.

116

R7

*Q

3ft

94

oo

32

one

743

680

412

92

59

42

Day.

16............

17............

18............

19

20............

21. ....... ....

22............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............ v\

31............

May.

Qfi

88

82

76

96

220

330

300

240

370

663

956

1,410

June.

680

535

390

300

240

200

191

164

146

128

112

96

112

124

200

July.

23

91

19

17

15

i<i

19

25

33

128

200

116

146

QQ

52

34

Aug.

7-6

6.4

5.6

5.0

4.4

t Q

70

522

240

137

84

32

V*.

280

260

Sept.

34

27

20

17

15

16

15

14

12

11

10

14

17

16

10

NOTE. No gage height record for May 20, June 17, July 8, 22, and 29, Aug. 5, 12, 19, and 26, and Sept. 2, 

3, 9, 16, 23, and 30; discharge interpolated.

Monthly discharge of South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant near Taylorville, III., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

JDrainage area, 510 square miles.]

Month.

May 18-31... ..................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,410 

10,400 

200 

522 

806

Minimum.

76 

96 

13 

3.9 

10

Mean.

434 

1,640 

58.2 

87.1 

120

Per 

square 

mile. .

0.851 

3.22 

.114 

.171 

.235

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44 

3-69 

.13 

.20 

.26

KASKASKIA RIVER AT VANDALIA, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 6 N., R. 1 E. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

at east end of Main Street, Vandalia, Fayette County, about 3£ miles above 

Hickory Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,980 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 26, 1908, to December 31, 1912; August 11, 1914, to 

September 30, 1917.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 193

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Wilson Haley.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool; may shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 23.0 feet at 9 p. m. 

June 6 (discharge, 16,400 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.52 foot October 14 and 

November 16 to 19 (discharge, 19 second-feet).

1908-1912 and 1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 23.0 feet June 6, 1917 (discharge, 16,400 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.38 foot August 12, 1914 (discharge, 

13 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water in June. Rating 

curve used till May 31 well defined between 270 and 10,800 second-feet; curve 

used after that date well defined between 327 and 10,800 second-feet; both curves 

fairly well defined beyond the limits mentioned. Gage read to hundredths once 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating 

table. Open-water records good; winter records poor.

Discharge measurements ofKaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date.

Sept. 12.............................................................................

12.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.84

3.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

528

521

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

28

28

28

27

26

26

24

23

22

20

20

19

19

19

20

20

21

.22

28

32

43

41

40

38

36

33

30

28

24

24

23

Nov.

22

22

21

20

20

20

20

20

28

24

21

22

21

20

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

20

40

60

56

36

34

49

46

46

Dec.

43

42

36

36

34

34

37

105

120

130

125

)

410

Jan.

473

520

568

619

1,380

2,500

1,690

1,100

912

730

115

145

Feb.

110

160

407

386

344

305

287

287

270

Mar.

254

222

185

163

147

141

136

147

141

130

125

172

2,300

4,090

3,940

3,690

3,440

3,040

2,740

2,660

2.560

2,460

2,140

2,840

3,090

2,460

1,980

1,760

1,520

1.380

1,140

Apr.

1,270

3,890

2,340

1,480

2,100

1,940

1,800

1,580

1,440

1,340

1,240

1,100

976

820

760

730

673

619

568

544

520

496

473

473

429

407

429

2,580

3,690

3,940

May.

3,690

2,460

1,580

1,480

1,860

2,220

2,180

2,140

2,100

2,020

1,980

1,720

1,580

1,380

1,270

1,100

1,040

976

912

790

730

2,500

2,660

1,550

1,340

1,240

1,170

2,500

4,040

3,490

5,490

June.

6,660

8,600

7,560

6,880

9,340

11,100

9,820

8,060

7,560

7,560

6,990

6,180

5,930

5,280

4,470

4,190

4,040

3,390

2,720

2,480

2,160

1,750

1,400

1,300

1,190

1,070

980

1,100

1,330

1,780

July.

1,500

1,440

1,300

1,260

1,190

1,130

950

830

685

630

552

504

481

458

435

413

391

435

391

369

327

287

327

391

307

287

369

577

1,160

1,010

830

Aug.

685

603

458

369

348

307

770

1,190

685

552

369

327

287

231

213

196

172

158

138

132

231

1,010

630

504

435

327

249

165

458

713

630

Sept.

552

458

307

231

196

180

165

950

770

528

458

528

458

391

327

268

222

196

172

158

132

108

102

96

96

96

90

84

78

72

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for Mar. 21; estimated for Dec. 11 to Feb. 21, because of ice, from gi 

heights, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicat

96719° 19 WSP 455 13
194 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

Monthly discharge ofKaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,980 square miles.]

Month.

March. . .......................................

May.................... .......................

June... . .......................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

Discharge hi second-feet.

MaTTimnm ,

43 

60

2,500

4,090 

3,940 

5,490 

11,100 

1,500 

1,190 

950

11,100

Afinitrmm19 

19

125 

407 

?30 

980 

287 

132 

72

19

Mean.

26.8 

27.4 

206 

427 

184 

1,650 

1,360 

1,970 

4,760 

684 

437 

282

1,000

Per

square 

mile.

0.014 

.014 

.104 

.216 

.093 

.833 

.687 

.995 

2.40 

.345 

.221 

.142

.505

Run-off 

(depth hi 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.02 

.12 

.25 

.10 

.96 

.77 

1.15 

2.68 

.40 

.25 

.16

6.88

KASKASKIA RIVER AT NEW ATHENS, ILL.

LOCATION. In W. J NE. J sec. 28, T. 2 S., R. 7 W. third principal meridian, at 

Illinois Central Railroad bridge about 600 feet north of railroad station at New 

Athens, St. Clair County, about a mile below mouth of Silver Creek and 3 miles 

above mouth of Lively Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,220 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 23, 1907, to December 31, 1912; June 22, 1914, to 

September 30,1917. Gage height of river was taken on Wednesday and Thursday 

mornings from January 23, 1907, to October 28, 1909, by C. J. von Roth Roffy 

for the New Athens Journal, and by whom they were published. Record 

authentic. Gage heights have been reduced to the present datum; maximum 

error probably not more than 0.4 foot, decreasing with increase of stage.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Henry Hoffman.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached or from highway bridge about 500 feet downstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; may shift.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 26.1 feet June 14 

(discharge, 25,700 second-feet); maximum discharge, 26,100 second-feet, June 13; 

flow for both these days affected by backwater from Mississippi River; minimum 

stage recorded, 2.43 feet at noon October 11 (discharge, 142 second-feet).

Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 35.7 feet August 26, 1915 

(discharge, 63,100 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.08 feet August 10, 1914 (discharge, 102 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during year; affected by backwater from Mississippi River when height on gage of United States Weather 

Bureau at Chester, 111., is above about 14.0 feet, and by ice during parts of winter. 

Rating curves used during periods of no backwater from the Mississippi fairly 

well defined. Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge for periods 

of no backwater ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating tables; for 

periods of backwater determined from daily gage heights at New Athens and 

Chester by slope method described in Water Supply Paper 345, page 53. Records 

fair for period of backwater effect, poor for periods of ice effect, and good for 

rest of year.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVEfe BASIN. 195

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., during the'year ending

Sept. 30, 1917. %

[Made by H. C. Beekman.]

Date.

May 17.... ..........................................................................

July 26..............................................................................

Sept. 15.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.22

6.52

4.79

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

ol.TSO

a 1,120

616

a Backwater from Mississippi River when measurement was made. (See "Accuracy" in station 

description.)

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofKaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

210

185

210

219

186

193

185

185 177

170

142

148

148

148

155

155

148

148

155

170

210

425

400

353

308

287

247

219

185

185

308

Nov.

287

267

228

228

202

185

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

177

177

170

162

170

162

162

162

308

353 1531

620

620

560

450

376

Dec.

330

308

267

247

228

228

228

710

1.940

2,210

2,120

1,800

1,280

920

355

3.050

5,440

6,310

6,940

5,030

Jan.

3.050

2,160

1,640

1,720

7^260

10.600

12,400

13,000

13,000

12,400

11,100

10,100

5,580

3,530

1,480

1,240

2,080

2,030

1,720

1,360

1,060

1,130

1,760

2,030

Feb.

1,100

375

620

2,210

2,450

1,900

1,280

1,130

1,060

990

Mar.

1,020

990

890

740

710

680

590

560 1531

503

503

680

2,120

4,550

6,540

8,510

8,130

7,860

6,780

5,860

4,730

4020

3,680

3,580

3,680

4,070

4,070

3,800

3,360

2,660

2,260

Apr.

2,230

4,750

6.670

7,040

7,320

7,550

6,770

5,3SO

5,380

5,560

5,200

4,730

3,670

2,680

2,180

1,820

1,670

1,480

1,330

1,340

1,400

1,380

1,340

1,260

1,230

1,170

1,080

2,860

6.150

8,090

May.

9,540

10,200

10,500

11,000

11,000

10,900

10,500

9,480

7 770

4,850

3,020

2,370

2,150

2,040

1,990

1,850

1,610

1,450

1,350

1,240

1,190

3,900

5,980

6,700

6,940

6,780

5,540

4,100

4,750

6,050

8,300

June.

12,100

13,800

14,600

15,200

15,100

14,000

12,700

12.200

11,700

11,600

14,600

21,000

26,100

25,700

23,200

20,100

17,400

15,200

13,300

12,000

11,000

10,200

9,260

8,060

5,160

2,790

1,960

1,650

1,430

1,380

July.

1,850

1,670

1,650

1,620

1,530

1,430

1,340

1,270

1,180

1,060

980

905

810

741

680

670

607

574

547

540

532

538

593

593

1,270

1,230

1,590

2,720

8,100

2,210

1,350

Aug.

1,270

1,270

1,110

1,270

992

753

629

570

513

570

1,590

1,350

920

690

570

486

433

408

360

337

408

337

292

513

486

513

753

570

513

459

384

Sept.

360

486

572

659

570

 486

433

3,150

4,430

3,850

2,600

1,350

955

753

629

629

570

513

459

384

360

292

282

260

250

230

230

211

193

184

NOTE. Discharge estimated for Dec. 15-26, Jan. 16-23, and Feb. 1-20, because of ice, from gage heights, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated. Discharge Mar. 30 to July 28 determined by slope method, because of backwater from Mississippi Kiver. (See 

"Accuracy " in station description).
196 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., far the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 5,220 square miles. ] *

Month.

October.......................................

May...........................................

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet

Maximum.

425 

620 

6,940

13.000

2,450

8,510 

8,090 

11,000 

26, 100 

3,100 

1,590 

4,430

26,100

Minimum.

142 

162

503 

1,080 

1,190 

1.380 

532 

292 

184

142

Mean.

212

264 

1,410 

4.260 

942 

3,180 

3,660 

5,650 

12,500 

1,210 

688 

878

2,900

Per 

square 

mile.

0.041 

.051 

.270 

.816 

.180 

.609 

.701 

1.08 

2.39 

.232 

.132 

.168

.556

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

a 05

.06 

.31 

.94 

.19 

.70 

.78 

1.24 

2.67 

.27 

.15 

.19

7.56

BIG MUDDY RIVER AT PLUHFIELD, ILL.

LOCATION. In W. \ sec. 20, T. 7 S., R. 2 E., at highway bridge at Plumfield, Franklin 

County, about 6 miles west of West Frankfort, 11 j miles below mouth of Middle 

Fork, and 2 miles below station formerly maintained at Chicago, Burlington & 

Quincy Railroad bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 753 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 18, 1914, to September 30, 1917; June 16, 1908, to 

September 30, 1912, and November 1, to December 31, 1912, maintained at the 

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by Louis Robertson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent; low-water control is about a quarter 

of a mile below gage. Point of zero flow is at a stage of about 0.6 foot.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 24.7 feet at 5p.m. 

January 8 (discharge, 9,770 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.84 foot at 6 p. m. 

October 14 (discharge, 3.4 second-feet).

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 30.2 feet February 1, 1916 (discharge, 

16,300 second-feet); minimum stage, August 18-26, 1914, when there was no 

flow past the gage.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent during period of records 

except as affected by ice during parts of winters. Rating curve fairly-well defined between 43 and 13,500 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily 

to May 10, 1917, and once daily afterwards. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying daily gage height to rating table. Records good except those for extremely low and high stages, which are fair; poor for periods of ice effect.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 197

Discharge measurements of Big Muddy River at Plumfield, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

16«

226

Made by 

G T Trinlrft n Q

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

13.97

24.28

11.31

9.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2.050

9,310

531

1,160

Date.

Mar. 29

Sept. 14

14

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.36

1.77

1.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

169

28.8

30.3

a Ice along shores; probably an ice jam below gage. 

& Measurement made during rapidly rising stage.

Daily discharge, in second feet, of Big Muddy River at Plumfield, III., for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1914-1917.

Day.

1914.

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

Day.

1914-15. 

1.............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Aug

Oct.

14

12

10

8.6

7.4

6.8

5.8

5.0

108

580

1,000

1,120

1,140

1,220

1,340

1,380

1,300

1,160

910

508

240

133

94

58

40

28

25

17

14

13

10

Sep

.. 1,

Nov.

9.6

8.8

8.0

8.0

7.4

7.0

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.5

38

27

19

15

13

8.6

7.8

8.0

8.0

7.4

7.4

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.6

7.0

6.8

t.

412 1

218 1

113 K

58 1'

36 1.

37 1

153 1

580 1

970 1

140 2

Dec.

6

6

6

12

16

22

35

123

108

76

35

230

Daj

1914 

I......

I......

5......

I......

5......

r......

3......

5......

)......

Jan.

380

560

290

r.

i.

Feb.

2,820

5,680

8,230

8,830

8,530

7,830

7,110

6,380

5,120

4,100

3,070

2,090

1,360

925

730

580

386

240

174

133

113

133

1,200

1,670

2,240

2,640

2,600

2,280

Aug.

0.0

.0

.0

Mar.

1 '955 730

425

218

399

790

895

730

466

119

229

174

133

108

98

76

67

62

58

54

50

46

46

42

39

OK

30

28

27

23

22

Sep

1,1

9

4

1

1

Apr.

18

16

15

15

14

14

13

12

13

15

14

13

12

11

11

11

10

9.0

11

10

10

10

9.0

8.6

7.2

7.0

7.4

7.0

6.6

t.

60

10

66

96

03

67

40

33

76

85

Mi

 >(

1 \

8

1j9

9 fv

2 7

?,; 9

3,?

3,6,

4,1

4.2.

?,1m

23

?A

35

26

37

28

39

30

31

iy7.0

6.2

5 ?,

4 6

4,1

4 8

96

17

tt

23

M

W

t?

W

79

8

5

3

1

4

17

13

20

ro«1

70

?!0

20

10

0

W

Day

1914.

June.

4,040

3,610

3,070

2,280

1,640

895

670

336

207

123

85

80

207

76

67

62

41

39

123

113

550

1,180

1,560

1,880

2,060

2,000

1,440

1,030

1,540

I OAn

July

.2,241

2,481

2,561

2,68

2,72

2,561

2,181

2.121

2,091

2,241

2,321

2,28

2,06

1,48

95,

791

64

36

21

12

9*

8(

&

3

2-

1

1

4

11

7

1

1

 )

1

11

1

1

1

1

1

11

T

1

1

=>

(1

I)

1

H

«,

I

1

t

}

1

}

I

^

H

i

Aug.

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

4.2

14

9.0

43

494

Aug.

4S

123

312

264

133

85

46

28

20

19

36

252

399

336

625

1,020

1,080

820

820

1 Ifin

2,180

3,170

5,760'

7,830

8,430

8,030

7,370

6,470

5,440

4,530

3,670

Sept.

. 50

9Q

24

ftK

17

29

584°.

07

18

Sept.

3,120

2,320

1,610

01 n

336

85

50

34

27

32

28

23

20

17

14

14

13

1 ^

174

4S

33

21

16

12

9 3

8.4

16

72

1OO
198 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&17, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Big Muddy River at Plumfield, III., for the years ending 

Sept SO, 1914-1917 Continued.

Day.

1915-16. 

1............

2............

3.....--....-

4............

5............

6............

7...... ......

8............

9.............

10............

11............

12............

13............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

1916-17. 

1...... ......

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22. .........'..

23............

24.............

25............

26............

27............

28. ...........

29............

30............

31............

Jan.

94

98

76

50

29

22

17

14

13

10

8.2

7.2

7.0

7.8

7.2

6.6

5.8

5.4

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.6

76

42

28

22

17

14

11

8.2

6.6

5.4

4.8

4.4

4.0

3.5

4.8

6.2

5.2

9.6

13

18

26

24

19

20

27

25

22

20

16

14

13

Feb.

4.7

4.4

4.5

4.7

4.8

4.6

4.8

5.0

4.8

4.8

6.2

43

31

16

25

22

17

23

103

386

252

98

54

39

35

29

25

22

21

20

12

10

8.4

7.0

6.2

10

16

14

16

19

43

35

39

36

28

24

22

20

18

17

17

16

16

23

24

94

94

76

54

41

Mar.

18

16

15

14

12

10

10

11

10

10

163

700

820

745

480

640

1,910

2,400

3,120

3,370

3.120

2.600

1.760

970

910

1.100

1,220

1,160

1,020

1,300

1,640

33

29

25

23

50

36

22

240

670

1,140

1,320

1,300

1,080

610

. 120

1,540

2,030

2,320

2,48<J

Apr.

2,210

2,820

3,320

3,550

3,490

3,170

2,680

2,150

1,400

985

1,280

1,970

2,150

1,420

1,320

1,400

1,440

1,400

1,240

1,030

1,460

2,680

7,640

10 QAA

2,360

2,060

1,970

2,090

3,270

6,110

8,730

9,770

9,330

8,330

7,100

5,840

4,460

610

1 000

1 360

1^540 i 7nA

1,460

835

438

640

1,180

1,440

May.

16,000

15,900

14,700

13,600

12,400

11,300

10,100

8,830

7,370

5,930

4,530

3,320

2,640

2,320

2,150

1,940

1.760

1,610

1,560

1,420

1,000

625

466

730

865

760

522

336

229

410

25

54

50

54

72

118

143

128

123

June.

174

174 19^

218

386

565

1,140

1,440

1,640

1,790

1,580

985

480

264

218

207

196

185

163

153

128

118

108

103

113

1 174

466

565

425

300

207

128

143

163

153

123

94

76

85

80

76

67

163

895

1,500

1,760

2,000

2,210

2,180

1,970

1,460

790

730

895

910

820

580

348

229

163

113

85

July.

153

133

185

373

336

240

163

153

196

240

229

196

153

118

94

72

58

46

39

42

240

480

300

185

143

108

76

58

43

37

805

2,120

3,370

4,250

4,880

4,960

4,670

4,250

3,850

3,490

3,370

3,170

2,720

2,150

1,360

715

300

153

123

108

90

85

103

76

54

39

33

98

760

1,360

Aug.

31

29

30

30

31

30

27

25

30

31

26

22

19

17

229

1,120

1,000

775

386

163

128

153

118

98

76

80

54

37

32

27

276

1,760

2,120

2,440

2,480

2,360

2,120

1,700

1,060

480

218

153

118

90

72

58

46

39

33

27

24

22

252

595

715

480

288

143

360

970

1,160

1,020

Sept.

438

438

1,220

1,320

1,220

1,300

1,640

1,760

1,880

2,000

2,150

2,000

1,560

1,040

386

508

595

480

565

508

360

412

264

324

276

218

153

94

58

37

1,180

1,610

1,910

2,090

2,120

2,180

2,240

2,180

2,120

2,210

2,520

2,560

2,400

2,180

1,910

1,240

640

185

90

54

39

30

24

21

17

15

14

13

31

20

Oct.

26

19

17

13

10

240

229

118

67

38

26

21

153

58

174

118.

76

58

128

348

174

163

123

76

42

25

17

14

9.6

7.4

6.4

30

21

14

12

10

9.3

12

9.9

8.4

7.2

6.4

5.4

4.8

4.8

5.2

4.8 '4.7

4.7

4.3

4.2

5.4

5.0

5.2

4.5

4.3

100

1%

820

1,000

1,080

1,040

Nov.

7.8

12

7.4

9.6

14

12

9.6

8.0

7.0

7.0

6.4

6.2

7.6

196

775

1,000

1,100

1,180

1,240

1,460

1,640

1,730

1,610

1,100

580

252

123

348

715

820

fi4n

805

522

760

700

324

196

118

80

76

39

39

25

18

15

14

46

46

29

13

9.0

7.0

7.8

14

16

8.0

42

37

20

14

10

7.2

Dec.

252

103

80

90

67

58

50

58

610

865

565

196

85

46

31

23

17

14

11

9.3

' 7.8

7.0

6.2

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.7

43

ds

67

6.0

94

336

373

196

113

72

373

452

360

143

62

32

21

15

12

9.3

8.4

8.2

9.0

300

123

41

23

17

11

8.6

7.2

6.0

NOTE. Discharge estimated for Dec. 11,1914, to Jan. 31,1915, Jan. 13-20 and Dec. 15-27, 1916, Jan. 14-21 

and Feb. 1-20,1917, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods indicated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASIN. 199

Monthly discharge of Big Muddy River at Plumfield, IlL, for the years ending Sept. 30,

1914-1917. 

[Drainage area, 753 square miles.]

Month.

1914.

1914-15.

April...........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

1915-16.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

1916-17.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

494 

1,160

1,380 

38

8,830 

1,730 

19 

4,250 

4,040 

2,720 

8,430 

3,120

8,830

98 

386 

3,370 

13,300 

16,000 

1,790 

480 

1,120 

2,150 

348 

1,730 

865

16,000

76 

94 

2,480 

9,770

2,210 

4,960 

2,480 

2,560 

1,080 

805 

452

9,770

Minimum .

0 

17

5.0 

45 

6.0

113 

22 

6.6 

4.1 

39 

14 

19 

8.*

4.1

4.2 

4.4 

10 

985 

229 

103 

37 

17 

37 

6.4 

6.2 

4.7

4.2

3.5 

6.2 

22

67 

33 

22 

13 

4.2 

7.0 

6.0

3.5

Mean.

40.6 

239

403 

9.54 

106 

406 

3,110 

270 

11.6 

876 

1,100 

1,170 

2,280 

315

825

.17.3 

43.8 

1,010 

2,600 

5,000 

479 

163 

165 

840 

83.7 

536 

114

905

17.1 

28.5 

533 

2,840 

182 

677 

1,780 

755 

1,130 

143 

131 

111

697

Per 

square 

mile.

0.054 

.317

.535 

.013 

.141 

.539 

4.13 

.359 

.015 

1.16 

1.46 

1.55 

3.03 

.418

1.10

.023 

.058 

1.34 

3.45 

6.64 

.636 

.216 

.219 

1.12 

.111 

.712 

.151

1.20

.023 

.038 

.70& 

3.77 

.242 

.899 

2.36 

1.00 

1.50 

.190 

.174 

.147

.926

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.028 

.35

.62 

.01 

.16 

.62 

4.30 

.41 

.02 

1.34 

1.63 

1.79 

3.49 

.47

14.86

.03 

.06 

1.54 

3.98 

7.16 

.73 

.24 

.25 

1.25 

.13 

.82 

.17

16.36

.03 

.04 

.82 

435 

.25 

1.04 

2.63 

1.15 

1.67 

.22 

.20 

.16

12.56

BIG MUDDY RIVER AT MURPHYSBORO, ILL.

LOCATION. In SW. £ sec. 8, T. 9 S., R. 2 W., at lower highway bridge, South Twentieth Street, about a quarter of a mile below mouth of Louis Creek at Mobile & 

Ohio Railway bridge.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 6, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,170 square miles (measured on map issued by U. S. Geological 

Survey; scale, 1 to 500,000).

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read by G. A. Johnson until May 21 and by 

E. B. Jacobs afterward. ,

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy clay; may shift.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading,

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during period of records, 33.3 

feet at noon January 10 (discharge, 15,600 second-feet); minimum stage (interpolated), 2.32 feet September 30 (discharge, 29 second-feet).

About February 2, 1916, the river reached a height of 39.6 feet the highest 

known stage on the present gage (discharge, ascertained from' extension of 

rating curve, 28,000 second-feet).
200 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191*1, PART V.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. '

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during high water in January; 

affected by ice during a period in February, and by backwater from Mississippi 

Eiver when height on gage of U. S. Weather Bureau at Chester, 111., is above 

about 10.0 feet. Rating curves well defined between 435 and 9,000 second-feet, 

and fairly well denned between 45 and 435 second-feet and between 9,000 and 

18,200 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths once daily. Daily discharge 

during periods of no backwater ascertained by applying daily gage height to 

rating table; not determined for periods of backwater. Records good except 

those for very high and low stages, which are fair; poor for period of ice effect.

Discharge measurements of Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, III., during tM year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by H. C. Beckman.]

Date

15........

17........

18........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.10

33.30

27.20

22.30

18.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

146

15,600

10,600

7,380

c Cyin

Date.

»

20........

May 17o......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

14 46

10.02

6.60

6.67

8.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,480

1,670

777

495

239

Date.

Sept. 15........

15........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.32

3.34

3,32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

46

157

148

a Backwater from Mississippi River when measurement was made.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.... ...............

3. ..................

5...................

6...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14. ................. .

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19

20...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31....................

Dec.

3.1

2.9

6.7

10.5

1OO

14.2

13.7

12.5

10.5

8.5

6.6

4.7

4.2

3.4

3.5

3.0

3.15

3.2

3.1

3.2

A A

15.7

18.5

19.3

17.2

Jan.

17 o

15.6

18.4

19.8

25.1

26.6

29.1

31.7

33.2

00 0

32.6

31.8

30.2

28.5

97 1

24.4

22.1

1C «

14.3

O Q

6.6

8.4

11.6

12.3

12.1

11.8

U.6

10.5

9.6

11.3

IS 7-

Feb.

14.0

13.3

12.5

12.4

9.0

7.0

5.4

4 0

4.0

7.4

3.25

3.15

3.05

3.0

2.96

2.80

2.72

3 n

3.05

3.1

3.4

3.55

3.4

3.55

3.55

3.8

4.0

i n

Mar.

3.9

4.0

4.0

4 6

5.1

4.7

4.3

4.3

4.6

A Q

3.8

8.2

14 7

17.9

18.7

19.6

19.5

19 0

17.8

16.3

14 7

12.6

10.1

11.0

11.2

10.4

9 0

7.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

Apr.

15.6

20.5

23.7

14.4

18.2

May.

20.1

20.6

21.4

21.6

21.6

20.2

19.4

18.4

17.1

15.0

13.6

12.3

 11.1

10.2

9.3

8.7

8.2

8.3

7.4

6.6

6.2

7.4

8.9

10.3

9.9

8.5*

7.5

9.4

11.5

12.9

15.9

June.

19.4

22.3

23.0

23.5

23.8

23.4

21.9

20.7

20.2

20.0

20.2

20.8

21.5

22.1

22.2

21.9

21.2

20.1

.19.4

18.4

17.5

16.6

15.2

14.4

13.4

12.4

11.6

11.3

10.5

July.

10.6

11.4

11.6

11.4

11.2

11.0

10.8

10.0

9 8

9.7

9.5

9.3

8.7

9.2

8.7

8.1

7.6

6.9

6.3

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.4

5.3

6.0

5.6

7.0

8.8

1 8.9

Aug.

8.3

8.2

8.3

8.5

6.6

4.9

4.8

4.1

3.8

3.55

3.1

2.86

3.1

3.4

4.2

5.3

3.6

2.90

2.84

2.66

2.54

2.52

2.48

2.40

2.34

2.36

2.54

4.0

Sept.

5.2

4.4

3.25

3.15

4.9

6.0

e ,1

6.4

6.5

5.6

 4.9

3.6

3.2

2.80

2.72

2.70

2.50

2.48

2.36

3.3

3.1

2.90

2.50

2.42

2.40

2.38

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Feb. 6-17 and by backwater from Mississippi Eiver Mar. 

16 to Aug. 7.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 201

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..... .................. ....I"......... ............

2.................................................

3.................................................

4.................................................

5.................................................

6............................... ................

7.................................................

8.................................................

9.................................................

10.................................................

11.................................................

12.................................................

13.................................................

14.................................................

15.................................................

16....................................... . . ....

17.................................................

18.................................................

19.................................................

20.................................................

SI. ................................................

W.. ...............................................

23. ................................................

24.................................................

25.................................................

26.................................................

27.................................................

28...............................................

29.................................................

30.................................................

31.................................................

Dec.

144

118

798

1,820

3,160

3,340

3,120

2,600

1,820

1,240

775

394

307

186

200

131

151

158

144

158

341

2,600

4,020

5,400

5,800

4,750

Jan.

4,750

3,970

5,350

6,070

9,060

9.960

11,700

13,900

15,500

15,600

14,800

14,000

12,600

11,200

10,300

8 640

7*340

5,450

3,380

1,640

775

1,220

2,240

2,520

2 440

2,320

2,240

1,820

1,550

2,120

3,120

Feb.

3,250

2,940

2,600

2,560

1,370

190

105

112

120

165

188

165

188

188

225

255

255

Mar.

240

255

255

357

455

376

304

304

357

304

225

1,170

3,560

5,100

5,500

Aug.

395

271

225

188

154

120

87

120

165

287

495

195

92

84

63

49

47

43

39

35

30

32

49

255

Se pt.

475

398

321

142

128

415

640

515

622

729

752

556

415

195

135

107

79

69

67

45

43

32

150

120

92

45

37

35

33

29

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for Aug. 12 and 26, and Sept. 2, 9, 16, and 30. Discharge Mar. 16 to 

Aug. 7 not determined owing to backwater from Mississippi River.

Monthly discharge of Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, III., for the year ending Sept.

30,1917.

[Drainage area, 2,170 square miles.]

Month.

Dec. 6-31......................................

February ......................................

Mar. 1-15......................................

Aug. 8-31......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum

5,800 

15,600 

3,250

5,500 

495 

752

MiniTniiTn .

118

775

225 

30 

29

Mean.

*

1,680 

6,700 

606 

1,240 

147 

247

Per 

square 

mile.

0.774 

3.09 

.279 

.572 

.068 

.114

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches cm 

drainage 

area).

0.75 

3.56 

.29 

.32 

.06 

.13

FLOOD ON CEDAR RIVER, IOWA, MARCH 23-29, 1917.

The flood on Cedar River in March, 1917, was the highest since 

that of March, 1906, which exceeded it by about 1 foot. A flood in the 

fifties exceeded it by about 3 feet. A reconnaissance of the flood 

situation on Cedar River in the vicinity of Cedar Falls.was made 

March 28, 1917. Information regarding conditions on the main 

stream was obtained at Cedar Falls, Waterloo, and Cedar Rapids; 

that concerning Shellrock River was obtained at Shellrock.
202 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

The' drainage area of Cedar River at Janesville is 1,660 square 

miles. A few miles below Janesville the Cedar is joined by Shellrock 

River, whose drainage area comprises 2,690 square miles. Of this 

area the West Fork, which unites with the Shellrock a few miles, 

above its junction with Cedar River, drains 965 square miles. 

Beaver River, draining 380 square miles, enters Cedar River between 

the mouth of Shellrock River and Cedar Falls. The drainage area 

of Cedar River above Cedar Falls is therefore about 4,730 square 

miles, and the run-off from 65 per cent of this area is discharged 

into Cedar River between Janesville and Cedar Falls.

The flood of March, 1917, was due to a small amount of precipitation accompanied by high temperature that caused rapid melting of 

the snow on the drainage basin. At Charles City, near the eastern 

border of the drainage basin above Cedar Falls, the temperature 

rose above freezing March 21, reached 48° March 22, 58° March 23, 

and 42° March 24. On March 23 there was a rainfall of 0.42 inch.

As nearly as could be determined, the peaks of the March flood on 

the tributaries entering Cedar River between Janesville and Cedar 

Rapids occurred at the same time and each was as high as or higher 

than any that has occurred within the last ten years. The crest of 

the flood on Cedar River passed Waverly at 3 a. m., Cedar Falls at 

8 a. m., and Waterloo about 4 p. m. March 24, Cedar Rapids about 

6 p. m. March 26, and Wapello about 3 a. m. March 30.

A current-meter measurement of the flow at Cedar Rapids March 

27 at a stage of 15.4 feet on the gage at that place showed a discharge 

of 44,900 second-feet. The discharge corresponding to the crest of 

the flood at that place 17.2 feet was 54,000 second-feet.

The total damage to property from the headwaters of Cedar River 

to its mouth is estimated at not over $50,000. All streams above 

Cedar Falls were covered with ice about 24 inches thick until March 22. 

Small bridges and dams on tributary streams were damaged when 

the ice broke u$, but aside from knocking out a few timbers in the 

bulkhead of the Nashua dam, the ice did no serious damage at that 

place. An ice gorge on Cedar River between Nashua and Waverly 

held the water back for several hours March 23, and when this gorge 

was dynamited about 9 p. m. March 23, there was a sudden rise of 

about 3 feet in the stage at the dam at Waverly. There was no damage to property at Waverly, but considerable inconvenience was 

caused when the power plant had to shut down for a short time. 

About two-thirds of the apron of the timber dam on Shellrock River 

at Shellrock was carried out by ice, the damage being about $300. 

A steel truss bridge at Greene, and three small pile bridges on West 

Fork, were taken out by the ice. The cost of replacing the steel 

bridge is estimated at $3,000, and the pile bridges $6,000.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI KIVEK BASIN.

The flood did most damage in the vicinity of Cedar Falls. Th0 

total damage to property was estimated by the city engineer at no^ 

more than $30,000, exclusive of small losses of private individual^. 

Of this sum the damage to property which would have to be replaced 

by the city is estimated at $15,000. One pile bridge of the Illinois 

Central Railroad was carried out and roadbed washed away in several places, the damage being estimated at $3,000. Damage to the 

Rock Island Railroad was estimated at $2,500 the cost of replacing 

a fill about three-fourths of a mile long, between Cedar Falls and 

Waterloo.

At Waterloo there was no material damage to property, but considerable inconvenience was caused by flooding of basements of residences and business houses. Residents had to move out from sis 

blocks of well-settled residence districts. Flooding of the business 

district of East Waterloo was prevented by increasing the height o^f 

the levee.

There was no damage of consequence to property in Cedar Rapids 

or below that place.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in Hudson Bay drainage basin.

Date.

 1915. 

July 20

1916. 

Apr. 24

Stream.

.....do...................

.....do...................

Tributary to 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Locality.

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

3.87

2.79

16. 82 .

Discharg

Sec.-/

1

o2,04C

"Velocity determined with .floats. Coefficient of 0.875 used for reducing measured velocity to mean 

velocity.

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in Mississippi River drainage basin during the ydar

ending Sept. 80, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 25

Stream.

West Fork of Chippewa River.

.....do...........

Tributary to 

Mississippi River. .

.....do............

Locality.

Sec. 34, T. 40 N., R. 6 W., 1 mile 

above mouth of East Fork of Chippewa River, Wis.

height.

Feet. 

o5.56

05.38

Disf 

charge.

Sec.'ft.

522

o Gage at old gaging station of U. S. Geological Survey. 

6 Complete ice cover.
INDEX.

Accuracy of data and results of computation. 10-11 

Acre-foot, definition of... ....... 8

Afton, Wis., Eock River at................ 131-133

Algonquin, HI., Fox River at.............. 176-177

Apple River near Somerset, Wis............. 74-75

Appropriations, record of............_..... 7

Augusta, Iowa, Skunk River at........... 154-155

Augusta, Wis., Eau Claire River near....... 89-90

Authorization of work....................... 7

Babb, Mont., St. Mary Eiver near........... 12-14

Baraboo Eiver near Baraboo, Wis......... 125-127

Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wjs.. 121-123 

Big Lake, TVfinn., Elk Eiver near............ 57-59

Big Muddy Eiver at Murphysboro, Dl..... 199-201

at Plumfield, 111........^.............. 196-199

Bishop's Bridge near Winter, Wis., Chippewa

River at......................... 78-79

Black River at Neillsville, Wis............ 101-102

Bradley, Wis., Tomahawk Eiver near..... 117-118

Brodhead, Wis., Sugar River near......... 141-142

Browning, Mont., St. Mary canal near. 17-18,21-22 

Brace, Wis., Chippewa Eiver near........... 80-81

Butternut, Wis., Flambeau Eiver near...... 84-85

Canada, Department of Interior, cooperation

by............................... 11

Caribou, Mum., Eoseau Eiver at............ 38-39

Cedar Falls, Wis., Eed Cedar River at....... 93

Cedar Eiver, flood of March, 1917, on...... 201-203

at Cedar Eapids, Iowa................. 149-151

at Janesville, Iowa.................... 147-149

Chippewa Eiver at Bishop's Bridge, near

Winter, Wis..................... 78-79

at Chippewa Falls, Wis.................. 81-83

near Brace, Wis......................... 80-81

near Watson, Minn...................... 65-67

West Fork of, above mouth of East Fork 203 

Clarksville, Iowa, Shellrock River near.... 151-152

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn . 36-38 

Colfax, Wis., Red Cedar River near......... 90-92

Computation, results of, accuracy of......... 10-11

Control, definition of........................ 8

Cooperation,record of....................... 11-12

Coppock, Iowa, Skunk River at........... 152-154

Crookston, Minn., Red Lake Eiver at........ 33-34

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn.......... 54-55

Crow River at Rockford, Mum.............. 59-61

Current meters, Price, plate showing........ 8

Custer Park, 111., Kankakee River at...... 170-171

Data, accuracy of... ...................... 10-11

explanation of........................... 9-10

Definition of terms.......................... 8

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa.... 157-158

at Kalo, Iowa......................... 155-156

at Keosauqua, Iowa................... 159-160

at Ottumwa,Iowa.................... 158-159

Des Plaines River at Joliet, HL....~...... 173-174

at Lemont, 111......................... 171-173

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak...... 31

Dill, Wis., Pecatonica Eiver at............ 138-139

Dodge, Wis., Trempealeau Eiver at_..... 99-101'

Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis............ 120-121

near Augusta, Wis..................__ 89-90

Edgerton, Wis., Yahara Eiver near........ 136-13?

Elk Eiver, Minn., Mississippi Eiver at...... 50-51

Elk Eiver near Big Lake, Minn............. 57-59

Evaporation at University, N. Dak......... 41-42

Fargo, N. Dak., Eed Eiver at............... 24-25

Fergus Falls, Minn., Ottertail Eiver at German Church, near............... 22-24

Flambeau Eiver near Butternut, Wis....... 84-85

near Ladysmith, Wis.................... 86-87

Fox River at Algonquin, 111............... 175-177

atWedron,Ill......................... 177-178

Freeport, 111., Pecatonica Eiver at......... 139-141

Friez water-stage recorder, plate showing.... 9

Gaging station, typical, plate showing....... 8

Garber, Iowa, Turkey River at.............. 129

Gays Mills, Wis., Kickapoo Eiver at...... 127-129

Grand Forks, N. Dak., Red Eiver at........ 26-27

Gurley printing water-stage recorder, plate

showing......................... 9

Houston, Minn., Eoot Eiver near......... 105-106

Hudson Bay drainage basins, records of gaging stations in............... 12-49,203

Illinois, cooperation by............... .... 12

Illinois Eiver at Peoria, 111................ 162-168

International Falls, Minn., Rainy Eiver at.. 43-44 

Iowa Geological Survey, cooperation by..... 12

Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa............ 144-145

at Marshalltown, Iowa................ 143-144

at Wapello, Iowa...................... 146-147

Janesville, Iowa, Cedar Eiver at........... 147-149

Joliet, 111., Des Plaines Eiver at........... 173-174

JumpRiverat Sheldon, Wis................ 87-89

Kalo, Iowa, Des Moines Eiver at ....

Kankakee River at Custer Park, 111.

atMomence, 111. ................

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111.

155-156 

170-171 

168-170 

194-196 

192-194

.. 44-46 

120-121 

159-160

.. 71-72 

127-129

.. 14-18

.. 76-77

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis.... 103-104 

Ladysmith, Wis., Flambeau River near.... 86-87

205

Kawishiwi Eiver near Winton, Minn. .....

Kelly, Wis., Eau Claire River at. ........

Keosauqua, Iowa, Des Moines River at... 

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn. ......

Kickapoo Eiver at Gays Mills, Wis. ......

Kimball, Alberta, St. Mary River near. .. 

KinniMnnick Eiver near River Falls, Wis
206 INDEX.

Page. 

Lanesboro, Minn., North Branch of Root

Rivernear.................... 107-108

Lemont, HI., Des Plaines River at......... 171-173

Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn...... 48-49

Long Prairie River near Motley, Mhm...... 55-57

Lyndon, 111., Rock River at............... 134-136

Mankato, Mum., Minnesota River near...... 64-65

Many Glacier, Mont., Swiftcurrent Creek at 18-19 

Maquoketa River below North Fork of 

Maquoketa River, near Maquoketa, Iowa.................... 130-131

Marshalltown, Iowa, Iowa River at........ 143-144

Measurements, miscellaneous................ 203

Menomonie, Wis., Red Cedar River at...... 94-95

Merrill, Wis., Prairie River near........... 118-120

Wisconsin River at.................... 111-112

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn....... 64-65

near Montevideo, Minn.................. 62-63

Minnesota State Drainage Commission,

cooperation by.................. 11

Minot, N. Dak., Mouse River at............. 39-41

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn........ 50-51

at St. Paul, Minn........................ 52-53

Mississippi River basin, upper, records of

gaging stations in.......... 50-201,203

Momence, 111., Kankakee River at........ 168-170

Montevideo, Minn., Minnesota River near.. 62-63 

Monticello, 111-, Sangamon River at........ 181-183

Motley, Minn., Crow Wing River at......... 54-55

Long Prairie River near................. 55-57

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak.............. 39-41

Murphysboro, Hi., Big Muddy River at... 199-201 

Muscoda, Wis., Wisconsin River at........ 115-116

Mustinka River above Wheaton, Minn...... 27-29

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis............ 70-71

Neche, N. Dak., Pembina River at.......... 203

Neillsville, Wis., Black River at........... 101-102

Nekoosa, Wis., Wisconsin River near...... 113-114

New Athens, 111., Kaskaskia River at...... 194-196

Oakford, 111., Sangamon River near........ 185-188

Ottertail River at German Church, near

Fergus Falls, Minm............. 22-24

Ottumwa, Iowa, Des Moines River at..... 158-159

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis.............. 138-139

^atFreeport, 111........................ 139-141

Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak........... 203

Peoria, 111., Illinois River at............... 162-168

Pine City, Minn., Snake River near......... 72-74

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis..... 123-124

Plumfleld, 111., Big Muddy River at....... 196-199

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis............ 118-120

Price current meters, plate showing......... 8

Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa........ 160-162

Rainy Lake at Rainier, Minn................ 42-43

Rainy River at International Falls Minn.... 43-44

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis........ 93

at Menomonie, Wis...................... 94-05

nearColfax, Wis......................... 90-92

Red Lake Falls, Minn., Clearwater River at. 36-38 

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn......... 33-34

at Thief River Falls, Minn............... 31-33

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak................. 24-25

at Grand Forks, N. Dak................. 26-27

Page. 

Rhinelander, Wis., Wisconsin River at

Whirlpool Rapids, near....... 109-110

River Falls, Wis., Kinnikirmick River near: 76-77 

Riverton, III., Sangamon River at......... 183-184

Rock River at Afton, Wis................. 131-133

at Lyndon, HI......................... 134-136

at Rockford, 111........................ 133-134

Rockford, Minn., Crow River at..... ..... 59-61

Root River near Houston, Minn........... 105-106

North Branch of, near Lanesboro, Minn. 107-108 

Roseau River at Caribou, Minn.............. 38-39

Run-off (depth in inches), definition of...... 8

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis................ 67-68

near St. Croix Falls, Wis................ 69-70

St. Mary canal at Douglas Bridge, near

Browning, Mont.......... 17-18,21-22

St. Mary River near Babb, Mont..._....... 12-14

near Kbnball, Alberta................... 14-18

St. Paul, Minn., Mississippi River at........ 52-53

Sandstone? Minn., Kettle River near........ 71-72

Sangamon River at Monticello, 331......... 181-183

at Riverton, HI........................ 183-184

near Oakford, 111.:.................... 185-188

South Fork of, near Taylorville, HI.... 188-191

at powerplantnearTaylorville,!!!.. 191-192 

Second-feet, definition of..................... 8

per square mile, definition of............ 8

Seville, 111., Spoon River at................ 180-181

Sheldon, Wis., Jump River at............... 87-89

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa..... 151-152

Sherburne, Mont., Swiftcurrent Creek at..... 20-21

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa............ 154-155

at Coppock, Iowa..................... 152-154

Snake River near Pine City, Minn........... 72-74

Somerset, Wis., Apple River near........... 74-75

Spoon River at Seville, 111........,......... 180-181"

Stage-discharge relation, definition of........ 8

Stevens continuous water-istage recorder,

plate showing................... 9

Stevens Point, Wis., Plover River near.... 123-124

Stratford, Wis., Big JSau Pleine River near.. 121-123 

Streator, 111., Vermilion River near........ 178-180

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.......... 141-142

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont.. 18-19 

at Sherburne, Mont...................... 20-21

Swiss, Wis., St. Croix River at.............. 67-68

Taylorville, 111., South Fork of Sangamon

River near.................... 188-192

Terms, definitions of......................... 8

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn.... 35-36

Thief River Falls, Minn., Red Lake River at.. 31-33 

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis...... 117-118

Trego, Wis., Namakagon River at........... 70-71

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis.......... 99-101

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa_............ 129

Twin Valley, Minn., Wild Rice River at..... 29-30

University, N. Dak., evaporation at......... 41-42

Van Meter, Iowa, Raccoon River at....... 160-162

Vandalia, 111., Kaskaskia River at......... 192-194

Vermilion River below Vermilion Lake,

Minn......................'...... 47-48

near Streator, 111....................... 178-180
INDEX. 207

Wapello, Iowa, Iowa River at............. 146-147

Water-stage recorders/plate showing......... 9

Watson, Minn., Chippewa River near....... 65-67

Wedron, 111., Fox River at................ 177-178

West Salem, Wis., La Crosse River near.. 103-104 

Wheaton, Minn., Mustinka River above..... 27-29

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn...... 29-30

Winton, Minn., KawishiwI River near....... 44-46

Wisconsin, Railroad Commission of, cooperation by.......................... 11

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis........... 111-112

atMuscoda, Wis....................... 115-116

Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near

Rhinelander, Wis............. 109-110

near Nekoosa, Wis..................... 113-114

Work, authorization of...................... 7

division of............................... 12

scope of.................................. 7-8

Yahara River near Edgerton, Wis......... 136-137

Zero flow, point of, definition of............. 8

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn....... 96-97

South Branch of, near Zumbro Falls,

Minn............................ 98-99
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PART V, HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 

DRAINAGE BASINS

96719° 19 WSP 455 14
STEEAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

BELATING TO WATEE EESOUECES.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted- in large part of measurements of the volume of 

flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects as 

irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, monographs, professional papers, and 

annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below: 

Part I. North Atlantic slope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basin.

VI. Missouri River basin.

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin. 

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

IX. Colorado River basin.

X. Great basin.

XI. Pacific Slope basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins, published in three volumes:

A, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin.

B, Snake River basin.

C, Lower Columbia River basin and Pacific slope basins in Oregon.

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 

who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.

ni
IV SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.

Albany, N. Y., 704 Journal Building. »

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Madison, Wis., care of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Topeka, Kans., 25 Federal Building.

Austin, Tex., Capitol Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Portland, Oreg., 606 Post Office Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

San Fancisco, Calif., 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, Calif., 619 Federal Building.

Tucson, Ariz., University of Arizona.

Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 Capitol Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 4,240 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; W= Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10thA,pt.2........... 

llth A, pt.2. ..........

13th A, pt. 3. ..........

14th A, pt.2. ..........

B 131..................

16th A, pt.2. ..........

B140. .................

Wll.... ...............

18th A, pt.4. ..........

W16...................

19th A, pt.4. ..........

W27... ................

W28... ................

20th A, pt.4...........

W35to 39.. ...........

Character of data.

Descriptive information only. ..................................

.....do.........................................................

ly discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

(also similar data for some earlier years).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas.

sippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte,and western 

United States.

(alsosome long-time records).

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

western United States.

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings. ........

Year.

1890. 

1884 to June 30,

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31,

1892.

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896.

1897.

1QR7

1897.

1CQQ

1898.

1 CQQ

1899.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

21st A, pt. 4............

W47to52.............

22dA,pt.4............

W65/66.. .............

W75............. ......

W82to85...... .......

W97 to 100. ...........

W124tol35.... .......

W 165 to 178...........

W201to214. ..........

W241to252...........

W261to272...........

W281to292...........

W 301 to 312...........

W 321 to 332...........

W351 to 362. ..........

W 381 to 394...........

W401 to 414. ..........

W 431 to 444...........

W451to464... ........

Character of .data.

Descriptions, meastu

Descriptions, meastu

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

Year.

1899. 

1900. 

1900. 

1901. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907-8. 

1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives by years and drainage basins the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1917. The data for any particular station will in general be found 

in the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data for Machias River at Whitneyville, Me., 

1903 to 1917, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 

201, 241, 261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, 401, 431, and 451 which contain 

records for the New England streams from 1903 to 1917. Results 

of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage basins.

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

In exception to this rule the records for Mississippi River are 

given in four parts, as indicated on page in, and the records for 

large lakes are taken up in order of streams around the rim of the 

lake.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream m

Year.

1899<2......

1900?......

1901.......

1902.......

1903.......

1904. ......

1905.......

1906.......

1907-8. .... 

1909. ......

1910.......

1911.......

1912.......

1913.......

1914.......

1915.......

1916.......

1917.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

basin 

(St. John 

Kiver to 

York 

Kiver).

35

47. A 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

n 124,o 125, 

P126 

»165,ol66, 

P167 

»201,o202, 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431 

451

II

South 

Atlantic 

slope and 

eastern Gulf 

of Mexico 

basin 

(James 

River 

to the Mississippi).

635,36

48 

65,75 

682,83 

697,98 

P 126, 127

P 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432 

452

III

Ohio 

River 

basin.

36

48,* 49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

, 353 

383 

403 

433 

453

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes 

basins.

36

49 

65,75 

«82,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434 

454

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper Mississippi 

River 

basins.

36

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,85 

*98,99,TOlOO 

* 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435 

455

VI

Missouri 

River 

basin.

c36,37 

4V 50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130, ? 131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436 

456

VII

Lower Mississippi 

River 

basin.

37 

50 

* 65, 66, 75 

*83,84 

*98,99 

* 128, 131

* 169, 173 

* 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407 

437 

457

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408 

438 

458

C

1

o Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Tables of monthly discharge for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

c Gallatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope drainage basins.

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, and irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Tables of monthly discharge for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

* Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

* Scioto River.

i Loup and Platt

with Platte.

* Tributaries of M

i Lake Ontario an

m Hudson Bay onl

n New England Ri

o Hudson River to 

p Susquehanna Ri

? Platte and Kans

r Great Basin in C

* Below junction w

t Rogue, Umpqua
PART V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 

DRAINAGE BASINS.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins include 

streams whose waters reach Hudson Bay and the Mississippi above 

its junction with the Ohio (except the Missouri). The principal 

streams flowing into Hudson Bay from the United States are St. 

Mary River, Red River, and Rainy River. The principal tributaries 

of the upper Mississippi are Crow Wing, Sauk, Crow, Rum, Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Zumbro, Black, Root, Wisconsin, Wapsipinicon, Rock, Iowa, Des Moines, Illinois, and Kaskaskia rivers. 

These streams drain wholly or in part the States of Illinois, Indiana, 

Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin.

In addition "to the list of gaging stations and the annotated list of 

publications relating specifically to the section, these pages contain a 

similar list of reports that are of general interest in many sections 

and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects, and also brief references 

to reports published by State and other organizations. (See p. xvii.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash after a date indicates that station was being maintained September 30,1917. Period 

after a date indicates dicontinuance.

HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE BASIN.

St. Mary River near Babb (formerly dam site), Mont., 1902-

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 1901-2; 1910-1915.

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, 1902-

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., 1912-

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., 1912-

Swiftcurrent Creek near.Babb (formerly Wetzel) Mont., 1902-1910.

U. S. Reclamation Service, St. Mary canal at Hudson Bay divide near Browning, Mont., 1917-

Kennedy Creek near Babb (formerly Wetzel), Mont., 1903-1907. 

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1913-1917. 

Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1904-1913. 

Red River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1909-10. 

Red River at Fargo, N. Diak., 1901- 

Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., 1901- 

Red River at Pembina, N. Dak., 1901. 

Red River at Emerson, Manitoba, 1900-1902.

Mustinka River near Wheaton, Minn., 1916; 1917.

Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1909-1912.

Sheyenne River at Haggart, N. Dak., 1902-1907.

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., 1909-1917. 

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak., 1901-

Eed Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., 1909-

VII
VIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Red River tributaries Continued.

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., 1901-

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., 1909-1917.

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., 1909-1917.

South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., 1911-1914. 

Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., 1903-1915.

Roseau River at Dominion City, Canada, 1912.

Roseau River near Caribou, Minn., 1917.

West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., 1911-1914. 

Mouse River near Foxholm, N. Dak., 1904-1906. 

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., 1903-

Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak., 1904-1906. 

Rainy Lake at Rainier, Minn., 1910-1917. 

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., 1907-1917. 

Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn., 1905-1907; 1912-

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn., 1911-1917.

Little Fork at Little Fork, Minn., 1909-1917.

Big Fork at Big Falls, Minn., 1909-1912.

Big Fork at Laurel, Minn., 1909.

Black River near Loman, Minn., 1909.

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASEST.

Mississippi River above Sandy River, Minn., 1895-1915. 

Mississippi River near Fort Ripley, Minn., 1909-10. 

Mississippi River near Sauk Rapids, Minn., 1903-1906. 

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., 1915- 

Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn., 1905-1914. 

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., 1873-

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn., 1893-1916.

Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn., 1886-1916.

Prairie River near Grand Rapids, Minn., 1909.

Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn., 1910-1914.

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., 1909; 1913-1917.

Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn., 1903; 1909-1913.

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., 1909-1917.

Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn., 1909-1913.

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., 1911-1917.

Crow River at Rockford, Minn., 1909-1917.

Crow River near Dayton, Minn., 1906.

North Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-10. 

South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Rum River at Onamia, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Rum River at St. Francis, Minn., 1903. 

Rum River near Anoka, Minn., 1905-6; 1909. 

Minnesota River near Odessa, Mi#n., 1909-1913. 

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., 1909- 

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., 1903-

Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., 1910-1912. 

Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., 1910-1914. 

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., 1909-1917. 

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Cottonwood River near New TJlm, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Blue Earth River, at Rapidan Mills, Minn., 1909-10.
GAGING STATIONS. IX

Mississippi River tributaries Continued. 

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., 1914- 

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., 1902-1905; 1910-

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., 1914-

Yellow River at Webster, Wis., 1914.

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., 1908-1916.

Snake River at Mora, Minn., 1909-1913.

Snake River near Pine City, Minn., 1913-1917.

Apple River near Somerset, Wis., 1901-

Kinnikinnic River near River Falls, Wis., 1916- 

Cannon River at Welch, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge, near Winter, Wis., 1912- 

Chippewa River near Brace, Wis., 1913- 

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., 1888- 

Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis., 1902-1909.

West Fork of Chippewa River near Winter, Wis., 1911-1916.

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., 1914-

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., 1914-

Flambeau River at Ladysmith, Wis., 1903-1906.

Jump River at Sheldon, Wis., 1915-

Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., 1914-

Eau Claire River near Eau Claire, Wis., 1913-14.

Red Cedar River near Coif ax, Wis., 1914-

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., 1909-

Red Cedar River at Menpminee, Wis., 1907-8; 1913- 

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1909-1917.

South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1911-1917. 

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., 1913- 

Black River at Neillsville, Wis., 1905-1909; 1913- 

Black River at Melrose, Wis., 1902-3. 

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., 1913- 

Root River near Houston, Minn., 1909-1917.

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., 1910-1917. 

Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa, 1913-14. 

Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis., 1905-1915. 

Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis., 1915- 

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., 1902- 

Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., 1914- 

Wisconsin River near Neceda, Wis., 1902-1914. 

Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., 1902-3; 1913-

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., 1914-

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., 1914-

Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis., 1914-1916.

Eau Claire River at Kelley, Wis., 1914-

Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., 1914-

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., 1914-

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., 1913-

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., 1913- 

. Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, 1913-1916.

'Maquoketa River above mouth of North Fork, near Maquoketa, Iowa, 1913-14. 

Maquoketa River at Manchester, Iowa, 1903.

Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork, near Maquoketa, Iowa, 1913- 

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, 1903-1914. 

Rock River at Watertown, Wis., 1914.
X SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

Mississippi River tributaries Continued. 

Rock River at Afton, Wis., 1914-

Rock River above mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111., 1903. 

Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111., 1903-1909. 

Rock River at Rockford, 111., 1914- 

Rock River near Nelson, 111., 1906. 

Rock River at Sterling, 111., 1905-6. 

Rock River at Lyndon, 111., 1914-

Catfish River at Madison, Wis., 1902-3.

Lake Mendotaat Madison, Wis., 1902-3.

Yahara River near Edgerton, Wis., 1916-17.

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., 1914-

Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111., 1914-

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., 1914- 

lowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa, 1911-1914. 

Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, 1903; 1915- 

lowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1913- 

lowa River at Wapello, Iowa, 1915-

Cedar River near Austin, Minn., 1909-1914.

Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, 1905-6; 1915-

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1902-

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, 1915- 

Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, 1913- 

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, 1913; 1915- 

Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Des Moines River at Fort Dodge, Iowa, 1905-6; 1911-1913. 

Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, 1913-

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3; 1905-6; 1914- 

Des Moines River at Ottumwa, Iowa, 1917- 

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1911-

Raccoon River near Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3.

Raccoon River "at Van Meter, Iowa, 1915- 

Illinois River near Minooka, 111., 1902-1904. 

Illinois River near Seneca, 111., 1902-3. 

Illinois River near Ottawa, HI., 1902-1904. 

Illinois River near La Salle, 111., 1902-3. 

Illinois River at Peoria, 111., 1910- 

Illinois River near Peoria, 111., 1903-1906.

Kankakee River at Davis, Ind., 1905-6.

Kankakee River at Momence, 111., 1905-6; 1914-

Kankakee River at Custer Park, 111., 1914- 

Yellow River at Knox, Ind., 1905-6.

Des Plaines River at Riverside, 111., 1896-1898.

Des Plaines River above mouth of Jackson Creek, near Channahon, 111., 1903- 

1906.

Des Plaines River above Kankakee River, near Channahon, 111., 1902-3.

Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111., 1914-

Des Plaines River at Romeo, 111., 1914.

Des Plaines River at Joliet, 111., 1914-

Fox River at Algonquin, 111., 1915- *

Fox River at South Elgin, 111., 1914-15.

Fox River at Aurora, HI., 1914.

Fox River at Sheridan, 111., 1905-6.

Fox River at Wedron, 111., 1914-
GAGING STATIONS. XI

Mississippi River tributaries Continued. 

Illinois River tributaries Continued.

Fox River at Ottawa, 111., 1903.

Vermilion River near Streator, 111., 1914-

Spoon River at Seville, 111., 1914-

Sangamon River at Monticello, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River at Decatur, 111., 1905.

Sangamon River at Riverton, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River at Springfield, 111., 1903.

Sangamon River near Oakford, 111., 1909-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River near Chandlerville, 111., 1908-9.

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, I11.,J908-1912; 1914-

1917.

South Fork Sangamon River at power plant near Taylorville, 111., 1917- 

Salt Creek near Kenny, 111., 1908-1912. 

Cahokia Creek at Poag, 111., 1909-1912. 

Kaskaskia River near Arcola, 111., 1908-1912. 

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914. 

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 111., 1908-1912; 1914- 

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-15.. 

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111., 1907-1912; 1914-

Shoal Creek near Breese, 111., 1909-1912; 1914.

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111., 1908-1912; 1914. 

Big Muddy River near Cambon, 111., 1908-1912. 

Big Muddy River at Plumfield, 111., 1914- 

Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, 111., 1917-

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914.
REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE HUDSON BAY AND TIPPER 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY. 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at prices quoted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Omission of the price indicates that the report js not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply 

papers are of octavo size.

*21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis.

Discusses, by counties, glacial deposits and sources of well waters; many well sections.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 

11 pis. 15c.

Gives elevations and distances along Red River (of the North), and Minnesota, Skunk, Iowa, 

Des Moines, Illinois, and Bock rivers; also brief descriptions.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

A revised edition of Nos. 57 and 61 was published in 1905 as Water-Supply Paper 149 (q. v.).

96. Bestructive floods in the United States in 1903, by E. .0. Murphy. 1904. 81 

pp., 13 pis. 15c. 

Contains notes on early floods in Mississippi Valley.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of esatern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c. 

Contains brief reports on wells and springs of Minnesota and Missouri.

The reports comprise tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth, 

yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, material penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp.

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution in Iowa, Illinois, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin. Superseded by 152.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports as follows: Missouri, by E. M. Shepard; Iowa, by W. H. Norton; Minnesota, by C. W. Hall; Wisconsin district, by Alfred R. Schultz; Illinois, by Frank Leverett; 

Indiana, by Prank Leverett; each of these reports describes briefly the topography of the area, 

the relation of the geology to the water supplies, and gives list of pertinent publications; lists 

also principal mineral springs.

117. The lignite of North Bakota and its relation to irrigation, by F. A. Wilder. 1905. 

59 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Describes the thickness, extent, variations, and fuel value of the lignite and its use for pumping 

water, the area, soils, and lignite of the river flats, and the st. tus of irrigation in the State.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by B. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Cites legislative acts affecting underground waters in South Dakota and Wisconsin.
PUBLICATIONS. XHI

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains two reports relating to areas draining to Hudson Bay or upper Mississippi River.

Water resources of Mineral Point quadrangle, Wisconsin, by U. S. Grant. Describes springs, 

streams, and shallow and deep wells.

Water supplies at Waterloo, Iowa, by W. H. Norton. Summarizes results of investigations to 

determine availability of artesian water to replace the surface supply from Cedar River; discusses 

necessity of test wells, supplementary supplies, artesian head, and permanency of flow.

*149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with 

additions, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), the location, depth, diameter, yield 

height of water, and other features of wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes all wells listed in 

Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating to deep borings.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of the inland waters in the United 

States (second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc.

Cities statutory restrictions of water pollution in Iowa, Illinois, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin.

*156. Water powers of northern Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith. 1906. 145 pp., 5 pis. 25c. 

Describes by river systems the drainage, geology, topography, rainfall and run-off, water 

powers, and dams.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index of flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods in southeastern Minnesota, on Devils Creek, Iowa, and in Des, 

Moines County, Iowa; gives estimates of flood discharge and frequency on Illinois River and on 

Mississippi River at St. Paul.

*193. The quality of surface waters in Minnesota, by R. B. Dole and F. F. Westbrook. 

1907. 171pp., 7 pis. 25c.

Describes by river basins the topography, geology, and soils, the individual and municipal 

pollution of the streams, and gives notes on the municipalities; contains many analyses.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi Kivera by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. 0. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*195. Underground waters of Missouri, their geology and utilization, by E. M. Shepard. 

1907. 224 pp., 6 pis. 30c.

Describes the topography and geology of the State, the waters of the various formations, and 

discusses the water supplies by districts and counties, gives statistics of city water supplies, 

analyses of waters, and many well records.

*227. Geology and underground Waters of South Dakota, by N. H. Darton. 1909. 

156 pp., 15 pis. 40c.

Describes physical features, geologic formations, water horizons, and, by counties, deep wells 

and well prospects; gives notes on construction and management of artesian wells.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates and expression of analyticalresults; gives results of analyses of waters of Mississippi, 

Minnesota, Chippewa, Wisconsin, Rock, Iowa, Cedar, Des Moines, Illinois, Kankakee, Fox, 

Sangamon, KaskaHa, and Big Muddy rivers.

239. The quality of the surface waters of Illinois, by W. D. Collins. 1910. 94 pp., 

3 pis. lOc.

Discusses the natural and economic features that determine the character of the streams, 

describes the larger drainage basins, and the methods of collecting and analyzing the samples 

of water, and discusses each river in detail with reference to its source and course and the quality 

of water; includes short chapters on municipal supplies and industrial uses.
XIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, lOO.1?, PART V.

254. The underground waters of north-central Indiana, by S. R. Capps, with a 

chapter on the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 1910. 279 

pp., 7 pis. 40c.

Describes relief, drainage, vegetation, soils, and crops, industrial development, geologic formations; sources, movements, occurence, and volume of ground water; methods of well construction and lifting devices; discusses, in detail for each county, surface features and drainage, 

geology and ground water, city, village, and rural supplies, and gives records of wells and analyses of waters. Discusses also, under chemical character, methods of analyses and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field

256. Geology and underground waters of southern Minnesota, by C. W. Hall, O. E. 

Meinzer, and M. L. Fuller. 1911. 406 pp., 18 pis. 60c

Discusses the physiography of the State, geologic formations and then- water-bearing capacity, artesian conditions, the mineral quality of the underground waters, types of wells, finishing wells in sand, drilling in quarzite, fluctuation in yield and head, "blowing" and "breathing" wells, freezing of wells, drainage by wells, hydraulic rams, and scientific prospecting for 

water, municipal supplies, power, storage and distribution, consumption of water, prices, sanitation. Gives by counties details concerning surface features, rocks, yield, head, and quality of 

water, and summaries and analyses.

293. Underground water resources of Iowa, by W. H. Norton, W. S. Hendrixson, 

H. E. Simpson, O. E. Meinzer, and others. 1912. 994 pp., 18 pis. 70c.

Describes the relief, drainage, temperature, and precipitation of the State and the geologic 

formations; discusses the geologic occurrence of ground waters, artesian phenomena and 

yield of artesian wells, the chemical composition of ground waters, municipal, domestic, 

and industrial water supplies, and mineral waters; gives details concerning topography, geology, 

ground waters, and city and village supplies by districts and counties.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains:

(«') Gazetteer of surface waters of Iowa, by W. G. Hoyt and H. J. Eyan, pp. 169-221.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of spring and well waters from Nashville and Macomb, 111., and Story City, 

Iowa.

417. Profile surveys of rivers in Wisconsin, prepared under the direction of W. H. 

Herron, acting chief geographer. 1917. 16 pp., 32 pis. 45c.

Contains brief description of general features of drainage of Wisconsin and of the rivers surveyed, but consists chiefly of maps showing "not only the outlines of the river banks, the islands, 

the position of rapids, falls, shoals, and existing dams, and the crossings of all ferries and roads, 

but the contours of banks to an elevation high enough to indicate the possibilitiey of using the 

stream" for the development of power by low or medium heads.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stocks lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased, 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

^Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894-95. 4 parts. 

*Pt. II. Papers of an economic character, xix, 598 pp., 43 pis. $1.25. Contains:

The public lands and their water supply, by F. H. Newell, pp. 457-533, pis. 35 to 39. Describes 

general character of the public lands, the lands disposed of (railroad, grant, and swamp lands, 

and private miscellaneous entries), lands reserved (Indian, forest, and military reservations), 

the vacant lands, and the rate of disposal of vacant lands; discusses the streams, wells, and 

reservoirs as sources of water supply; gives details for each State.
PUBLICATIONS. XV

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director, 1896; 3 parts in 4 vols. *Pt. II. Economic geology 

and hydrography, xxv, 864 pp., 113 pis. $2.35. Contains:

Preliminary report on artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, pp. 

603-694, pis. 69 to 107. Gives an outline of the geologic relations; describes the water horizons 

and the extent of the artesian water, and gives details concerning weHs and prospects by 

counties; discusses the origin, amount, pressure, head, and composition of the artesian waters, 

the use of artesian water for power, and gives details concerning artesian irrigation by counties; 

contains also remarks on the construction and management of artesian wells.

*The water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, pp. 695-849, pis. 108 to 113. Describes the 

physical features of the State, and the drainage basins, including Illinois, Des Plaines, Kankakee, Fox, Illinois-Vermilion, Spoon, Mackinaw, and Sangamon rivers, Macoupin Creek, Rock 

River, tributaries of the Mississippi in western Illinois, Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, and tributaries 

of the Wabash; discusses the rainfall and run-off, navigable waters and water powers, the wells 

supplying waters for rural districts, and artesian wells; contains tabulated artesian well data and 

water analyses.

Eighteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, 5 parts in 

6 vols. *Pt. IV, Hydrography, x, 756 pp., 102 pis. $1.75. Contains:

*The water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, pp. 419-560, pis. 33 to 37. 

Describes the Wabash, Whitewater, Great Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Hocking, Muskingum, 

and Beavers rivers, and lesser tributaries of the Ohio in Indiana and Ohio, the streams 

discharging into Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, and streams flowing to" the upper Mississippi 

through the Illinois; discusses shallow and drift wells, the flowing wells, from the drift and deeper 

artesian wells, and gives records of wells at many of the cities; describes the mineral springs, and 

gives analyses of the waters; contains also tabulated lists of cities using surface waters for water 

works, and of cities and villages using shallow and deep-well waters; discusses the source and 

quality of the city and village supplies, and gives precipitation tables for various points.

MONOGRAPHS.

Monographs of quarto size. They are not distributed free, but may be obtained from the Geological 

Survey or from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C., at the prices indicated. An 

asterisk (*) indicates that the Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted.

25. The glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham. 1896. 658 pp., 38 pis. $1.70. 

Contains a chapter (pp. 523-582) on "Artesian and common wells of the Red River Valley," 

which discusses the sources of artesian water, the fresh waters in the drift sheets, the saline 

and alkaline waters in the Dakota sandstone, and the use of artesian water for irrigation; contains analyses of waters from wells, streams, and lakes in Red River Valley and the adjoining 

region; and gives notes on wells in Clay, Kittson, Marshall, Norman, Polk, Traverse, and 

Wilkin counties, in Minnesota; in Cass, Grand Forks, Pembina, Richland, Traill, and Walsh 

counties, in North Dakota; and in a part of the area covered by £.ake Agassiz, in Manitoba. 

The monograph includes numerous maps relating to the Pleistocene geology of the region and 

a map (PL XXXVII) showing the distribution and depths of artesian wells in glacial drift 

and bedrock.

38. The Illinois glacial lobe, by Frank Leverett. -1899. 817 pp., 24 pis. $1.60.

Includes a chapter (pp. 550-788) on "Wells of Illinois," which contains a general discussion 

of artesian and other wells, a table of municipal water supplies derived from underground 

sources, and a detailed description of wells and ground-water conditions in practically every 

county in the State. The monograph includes maps showing the geology, the distribution 

of wells, the intake areas of "Potsdam" and St. Peter sandstones, and the relation of glacial 

drift to ground-water supplies.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

Professional papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

'(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked with an asterisk may, however, be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Professional papers 

are of quarto size.

*32. Preliminary report on the geology and underground-water resources of the 

central Great Plains, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 433 pp., 72 pis. $1.80.

Covers South Dakota, Nebraska, central and western Kansas, eastern Colorado, and eastern 

Wyoming. Describes the geography, geology, and water horizons; gives deep-well data and 

well prospects by counties; also describes other mineral resources. Includes maps showing 

the geology, location of deep wells, structure of the Dakota sandstone, depths to this sandstone head of artesian water, and areas of artesian flow.
XVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, Mil, PART V.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. WASHINGTON, D. C.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Illinois and Iowa, and detailed records of wells in Boone, Dupage, Henry, and La Salle 

counties, 111.,and Des Moines and Scott counties, Iowa. These wells were selected because they 

give definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin; and detailed records of wells in Brown, Hancock, La Salle, Pike, and Schuyler 

counties, HI.; Blackhawk, Floyd, Louisa, Mahaska, Scott, and Wapello counties, Iowa; and 

Hennepin, Ottertail, and Pine counties, Minn. The wells of which datailed sections are given 

were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles bounded by certain meridians and 

parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of hills and valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the qaudrangle. The areal-geology 

map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structuralgeology map shows relations of the rocks to one another underground. The economicgeology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. 

The artesian water map shows the depth to underground-water horizons. Economicgeology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the conditions in the areas 

mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special interest to students of 

geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization 

of mineral resources.

The folios numbered from 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 

22 inches), called the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher 

than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in 

the Geological Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or 

less damages by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They 

will be sold at the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale 

orders. This rate applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints)', 

also to the library edition of folio 186. The library edition of folios 185, 187, and 

higher numbers sells for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an 

unusually large amount of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of folio

1 Index maps showing areas in the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi Eiver basins covered by topographic maps and by geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. 

Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
PUBLICATIONS. XVH

185 and higher numbers sells for 50 cents a copy. A discount of 40 per cent is allowed 

on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic maps amounting to $5 at 

the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also a brief discussion of the underground waters in connection with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning 

the utilization of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted. 

117. Casselton-Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota. 5c.

Gives a somewhat detailed account of the water supply, including descriptions and logs of 

principal wells and tabulated well records, contains artesian-water maps showing areas which 

will probably yield flowing wells.

*145. Lancaster-Mineral Point, Wisconsin-Iowa-Illinois.

Discusses the springs, shallow and deep wells, streams and water power; gives analyses of 

 artesian water from well at Dubuque, Iowa.

168. Jamestown-Tower (Jamestown, Eckelson, and Tower quadrangles), North 

Dakota. 1 5c.

Discusses shallow, deep, and artesian wells; head, pressure, power, volume, and character of 

the water, and gives a tabulated list of representative wells; contains an artesian-water map 

showing areas in which flowing wells may probably be obtained.

185. Murphysboro-Herrin, Illinois. 1 Library edition, 25c., octavo edition, 50c. 

188. Tallula-Springfield, Illinois. 1 Library edition, 25c., octavo edition, 50c.

Discusses wells and the wholesomeness of the water; gives analyses of 'water from wells in 

the city of Springfield.

195. Belleville-Breese, Illinois. 25c. 

; ____^__I)iscusseswellsandgivesanalysesofwaterfromspringsandwells.

200. GalenarElizab^,Tffifi^is=4e^sw---25c.

201. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. 1 Library edition, 25c., octavo edition, 50c.

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and the State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources 

of tfhe various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining to the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins are the 

reports of the State surveys of Illinois and North Dakota, the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey and the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, the Illinois Water-Supply Commission, and .the 

Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, and the water-power report 

of the Tenth Census (vol. 17). The following reports deserve special 

mention:

Contributions to the physical geography of the United States, Part I. On the physical geography of the Mississippi Valley, with suggestions for the improvement of navigation of the Ohio and other rivers, by Charles Ellet, jr.: Smithsonian Pub. 13, Washington, 1850.

The Mississippi and Ohio rivers, by Charles H. Ellet. 1853.

Report upon the physics and hydraulics of the Mississippi River, by A. A. Humphreys and H. L. Abbott.

1 Issued in two editions; specify which edition is wanted. 

96719° 19 WSP 455 15
XVIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

The mineral content of Illinois waters, by Edward Barstow, J. A. Udden, S. W. 

Parr, and George T. Palmer: Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 10, 1909.

Water resources of the East St. Louis district, by Isaiah Bowman: Illinois State 

Geol. Survey Bull. 5,1907.

Chemical and biological survey of waters of Illinois, by Edward Bartow: Univ. 

Illinois Pub. 3, 6, 7, 1906-1909.

Chemical survey of the waters of Illinois, report for the years 1897-1902, by A. W. 

Palmer, with report on geology of Illinois as related to its water supply, by Charles 

W. Rolfe: Univ. Illinois Pub.

Report and plans for the reclamation of lands subject to overflow in the Kaskaskia 

River Valley, Illinois; begun under the direction of the Internal Improvement Commission; completed and published under the direction of the Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, by Jacob A. Harman. 1912.

Diversion of the waters of the Great Lakes by way of the sanitary and ship canal of 

Chicago: A brief of the facts and issues, by Lyman E. Cooley, Chicago. 1913..

The State of Missouri vs. the State of Illinois and the Sanitary district of Chicago, 

before Frank S. Bright, Commissioner of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

1904.

The mineral waters of Indiana, their location, origin, and character, by W. S. Blatchley: Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Twenty-sixth Ann. Rept., 1901.

Report of the water-resources investigation of Minnesota by the State drainage 

commission, 1910.

Report of the commission on conservation [Montana] on bills relating to the public 

lands, Water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests, 1911.

Governor's message relating to conservation [in Montana] on bills relating to public 

lands, water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests.

Water resources of the Devils Lake region, North Dakota, by E. J. BabcockjNorth 

Dakota Geol. Survey, Second Bienn. Rept., 1903. __ ___., - ~~ ~~~~

The Water powers of Wisconsin, by LeonarcTS. Smith: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. 

Bist. Survey Bull. 20. Madison, Wis., 1908.

Report of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the legislature on water powers. 

Madison, Wis., 1915.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

organizations, and most of them can be consulted in the public, 

libraries of the larger cities.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by drainage basins and covering a wide range of hydrologic investigations:

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 22.) lOc.

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent nitration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kansas; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi.

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, compares wheels of several types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives resumd of Water-Supply Paper 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and describes 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliograghy of publications relating to 

sewage utilization and disposal.

*41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901, 

72pp., 14 pis. 5e.

*42. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp. (73-147), 2 pis. (15-16). lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of streanv.measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the-methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. (See also Nos. 64,94, and 95.)

*64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp. 4. pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream 

flow, and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes 

also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged, 

edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground Waters, by C. S. SHchter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of ground waters; permeability of rocks and porosity 

of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of ground waters; surface and deep zones of flow, and 

recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and position 

of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yields of flowing wells; describes artesian 

wells at Savannah, Ga.

XIX
XX SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 191*7, PART V.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc. 

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting!rom pollution

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of streams flow; gives formulas for rainfall, run-off, and evaporation; discusses effects of forests on rainfall and run- off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., pis. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceeding of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c. [Requests for this report should be addressed to the U. S. 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains the following papers of more or less general interest: 

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Eoss. ^ 

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien. 

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs. 

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner. 

Irrigation surveys and use of the plane table, by J. V. Lippincott. 

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas H. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. 

C. Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Givesinstruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. (See also No. 95.)

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E.-C. Murphy 1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. (See also No. 94.)

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland water in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statues become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

; statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of Eastern United States; 1904, M. L. Fuller, 

geolgist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by 

its title.

Description of under flow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter. *

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from verticals well casings, from 

notes furnished by A. N. Talbot.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of stream by sewage and by trade wastes, describes 

the manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the 

waste. The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region 

about Marion, Ind., and the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

*114, Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

, . 1905, 285pp., 18 pis. 25c.

*' ' ' ' Contains reports on "Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing 

sources, amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, waterbearing formations, recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps, essential conditions of 

artesian flows, and general conditions affecting ground waters in eastern United States.
PUBLICATIONS. XXI

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Puller 

1905. 128pp. lOc.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use 

and cities State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slitcher. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in 

Rio Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y., gives 

results of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 1905. 

61 pp., 4 pis. 5c. 

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc. 

. Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Disscuses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such well in Southern Michigan. 

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller. 

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c. [Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to the 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest.

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows

Collection of steam- gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. 

Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. "W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigated water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast. -

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, byE. 0. Murphy and others. 1905. 

206pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways,"including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.
XXII SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp., 38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the "United States.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

second edition, by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. 

Scope indicated by title.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island. 

N. Y., A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuations due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric 

changes, temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of 

settlement, irrigation, dams, underground-water developments, and to indeterminate causes.

*160. Underground water papers. 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104 pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905; lists publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. G. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

*163. Bibligoraphic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 

pp., 2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, * * * with a history 

of the sewage-disposal problem, by C.-E. A. Winslow and E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 163 pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment oi sewages and tendencies in 

sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character of ' 

crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification by intermittent sand filtration and in beds of course material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and of resulting litigation; 

discusses effect of acid-iron liquors of sewage-purification processes, recovery of copperas from 

acid-iron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.
PUBLICATIONS. '

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

B. E, Horton. -1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical 

filtration. ' 

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. The State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 1 pi. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of possible remedies 

by .E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 

91 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conversion of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of 

fall, by Henry Qannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under 

the direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leigbton; Undeveloped water powers, 

by M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; 

Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler, 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool-scouring, bleaching, and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc. 

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Ren6 

Tavemier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to 

the development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament; reviews work 

of bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture and gives re'sume' of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c. 

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative saftey of supplies from different 

materials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yields, 

relative cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells and cisterns.
XXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of 

ground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of well 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and 

the machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters 

and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of sinking 

wells.

*258. Underground water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest:

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller.

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller.

Pollution of underground waters inlimestone, by G. C. Matson.

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller.

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Eio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. I5c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

sojp-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation.

*315. The purification of public water supplies,"by G. A. Johnson. 1913.' 84 pp., 8 

pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterlization of water, and municipal water softening.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22, pis. 20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 

pis. 15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains:

(e) A. method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65.

*

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914; 40 pp 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado, and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp., 9 pis. 15c.

Contains three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water-resources branch 

in December, 1914.

* (c) Therelation of steam gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and K. W. Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(/) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining records of steam flow, by 

C. H- Pierce, pp. 131-139.
PUBLICATIONS. XXV

*400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1917. 108 pp., 7 pis. Contains:

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8. 

* (c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by E. C. Pierce, pp. 39-61. 

W) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoty, pp. 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by Arthur 

J.Ellis. 1917. 59pp. lOc.

A brief paper published "merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are continually being received from all parts of the country" as to the efficacy of the divining rod for 

locating underground water.

425. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1917; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1918. Contains:

(c) Hydraulic conversion tables and convenient equivalents, pp. 71-94. 1917.

427. Bibliography and index of the publications of the United States Geological 

Survey relating to ground water, by O. E. Meinzer. 1918. 169pp., 1 pi.

Includes publications prepared, in whole or part, by the Geological Survey that treat any 

phase of the subject of ground water or any subject directly applicable to ground water. Illustrated by map showing reports that cover specific areas more or less thoroughly.

ANWTTAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

* The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlin, pp. 125-173, 

pi. 21. Scope indicated by title.

Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. *Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

* Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 368-561, pis. 107 to 146. See Water-Supply 

Paper 87.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill, Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

* American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. Ill to 145. Discusses 

the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt and sedimentation; gives brief history 

of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho, California, Wyoming, and Arizona; discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of 

supply, pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W., 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

* Potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water,stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

* Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, pis. 3 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II. Papers chiefly of a theoretic 

nature, v, 958 pp., 172 pis. $2.65. Contains:

* Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, pis. 

6 to 16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous medium and through
XXVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART V.

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of 

rivers, rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

* Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, pi. 

17. Scope indicated by title.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography,.geology, drainage, forests, climate and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agricultural lumbering, mining, and power 

development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives 

details of conditions in Holston, Nolichucfcy, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee 

river basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, 

Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin. New, and Monongahela rivers.

86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 3 pis. 

70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Cal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to 

the stream slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the ddbris."

105. Hydraulic-mining debris in the Sierre Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp., 

34 pis. 1917. 50c.

Presents the results of an investigation undertaken by the United States Geological Survey 

in response to a memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular 

study be made of portions of the Sacremento and San Joaquin valleys affected by detritus 

from torrential streams. The report deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of 

the subject, traces the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic mining of earlier 

decades, the similar effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the 

erosion of the soil, and the influence of the restriction of the area of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggests cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams now 

carrying heavy loads of debris.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by State, and gives table of analyses.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 1908. 

44 pp. 7 pis. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the source of ground waters, the confining agents, the 

primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors of 

artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 31 

PP. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geological formations, silica 

in river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and 

St. Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.

616. The data of geochemistry (third edition), by F. W. Clarke. 1916. 821 pp. 

45c.

Earlier editions were published as Bulletins 330 and 491. Contains a discussion of the 

statement and interpretation of water analyses and a chapter on "Mineral .wells and springs" 

(pp. 179-216). Discusses the definition and classification of mineral waters, changes in 

composition of water, deposits of calcareous, ocherous, and siliceous materials made by water, vadoss and juvenile waters, and thermal springs :in relation to volcanism. Describes 

the different kinds of ground water and gives typical analyses. Includes a brief bibliography 

of papers containing water analyses.
INDEX BY AEEAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A=Annual Reports; M=Monograph; B=Bulletin; P=Progessional Paper; W=Water-Supply Paper,

G F=G«ologic folio.]

Artesian waters: Essential conditions....................... A 5; B 319; W 67, 114

Bibliographies '............................................. W 119, 120, 163, 427

Chemical analyses:2 Methods and interpretation.. W151, 236, 254, 274, 364; B 479, 616 

Conservation......................................;......................W 234

Conversion tables......................................................... W 425c

De"bris reports.......................................................... P 86,105

Denudation.............................................................. P 72

Divining rod............................................................. W 416

Engineering methods..................................................... W 1,

3,8,20,41,42,43,56,64,93,94,95,110,143,146,150,180,

187, 200,257,337,345e, 371,375c, 375e, 375/, 400c, 400rf

Floods....................................................... W 96,147,162,334

Ice measurements................................................ W 146,187,337

Illinois: Quality of waters, etc............................. W 194,236,239,188,195

Surface waters..................................... A 17 ii, 18 iv; W 239

Underground waters.............................................. M 38;

A 17 ii; B 264,298;W 57,114,149; G F 145,185,188,195,200 

India: Irrigation................................................. A 12 ii; W 87

Indiana: Quality of waters.................................... A 18 iv; W 236,254

Surface waters......................................... A 18 iv; W 147

Underground waters................ A 18 iv; B 298; W 21,57,114,149,254

Iowa: Quality of waters............................................... W 236, 293

Surface waters................................................ W 162,345£

Underground waters......... B 264,298; W 57,114,145,149,293; G F 145, 200

Irrigation, general........................ A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20,22,41,42,87,93,146

Legal aspects: Surface waters...................................... W 103,152, 238

Underground waters......................................... W 122

Mineral springs: Analyses.......................................... A 14 ii; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc..... . . .......................... A 14 ii

Lists.............................................. B 32; W 114

Minnesota: Quality of waters................................. W 102,,193,236,256

Surface waters............................................. W 162,195

Underground waters.. M 25; B 298; W 57,102,114,149,256; G F 117,201 

Missouri: Quality of waters, etc.................................... W 102,195,236

Surface waters.................................................. W 162

Underground waters............. B 298; W 57,102,110,114,145,149,195

Montana: Underground waters......................................... W 57,149

Motions of ground waters........................ A 19 ii; B 319; W 67,110,140,155

North Dakota: Underground waters. .M 25; A 17 ii; B 298; W 61,117,149; G F 117,168 

Pollution: By industrial wastes........................... W 179,186,189,226,235

By sewage.............................................. W 72, 79,194

Laws forbidding............................................ W 103,152

Indices of................................................. W 144,160

1 Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies See abstracts.

2 Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

xxyn
XXVIII INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

Profiles of rivers...................................................... W 44,417

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation................... W 3,

22,72,79,103,110,113,114,144,145,152,160,179,

185, 186,189, 194, 226, 229, 235,236,255,258,315

Sewage disposal and purification...................... W 3,22,72,113,185,194,229

South Dakota: Surface waters........................................ W 147,162

Underground waters...... A 17 ii, 18 iv; P 32; B 298; W 61,149,227

Underground waters: Legal aspects....................................... W 122

Methods of utilization........................ W 114,255,257

Pollution................................ W 110,145,160,258

Windmill papers............................."................... W 1,8,20,41,42

Wisconsin: River profiles.................................................. W 417

Surface waters................................................. W 156

Underground waters................ B 298; W 61,114,145,149; G F 145
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Apple River, Wis.................

Baraboo River, Wis.............

Beaucoup Creek, 111.............

Big Eau Pleine River, Wis.......

Big Fork, Minn..................

Big Muddy River, 111............

Black River, Minn..............

Black River, Wis................

Blue Earth River, Minn.........

Cahokia Creek, 111................

Cannon River, Minn..............

Catfish River, Wis...............

Cedar River, Iowa...............

Cedar River, Minn..............

Cedar River, Red, Wis...........

Chippewa River, Minn...........

Chippewa River, Wis............

Chippewa River, West-Fork, Wis. 

Clearwater River, Minn..........

Cottonwood River, Minn.........

Crow River, Minn................

Crow River, North Fork, Minn....

Crow River, South Fork, Minn....

Crow Wing River, Minn..........

Des Lacs River, N. Dak...........

Des Moines River, lowa-Minn....

Des Plaines River, 111.............

Devils Lake, N. Dak............

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary

to Chippewa River)............

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary

to Wisconsin River).............

Eau Pleine River, Big, Wis......

Elk River, Minn...............

Flambeau River, Wis.............

Fox River, 111.....................

Illinois River, 111.................

Iowa River, Iowa................

Iowa River, Upper, Iowa.......

Jump River, Wis..................

Kankakee River, Ill.-Ind.........

Kaskaskia River, 111............

Kawishiwi River, Minn..........

Kennedy Creek, Mont.............

Page.

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vm 

vn

Kettle River, Minn.............. ix

Kickapoo River, Wis........... ix

Lac qui Parle River, Minn.......... vm

La Crosse River, Wis............ ix

Little Fork, Minn.................. VHI

Little Rib River, Wis........... ix

Long Prairie River, Minn....... vm

Maquoketa River, Iowa......... ix

Mendota Lake, Wis............. x

Minnesota River, Minn............ vin

Mississippi River, Minn. ........ vm

Mouse River, N. Dak.............. vm

Muddy River, Big, 111............. xi

Mustinka River, Minn............. vn

Namakagon River, Wis............ ix

North Branch or Fork. See name of

main stream.

Ottertail River, Minn.......... vn

Pecatonica River, Ill.-Wis........ x

Pelican River, Minn............... vn

Pembina River, N. Dak.......... vm

Pine River, Minn.............. vm

Plover River, Wis................ ix

Prairie River, Minn............... vm

Prairie River, Wis. ............... ix

Raccoon River, Iowa.............. x

Rainy Lake, Minn................ vm

Rainy River, Minn.............. vm

Red Cedar River, Wis........... ix

Red Lake River, Minn........ vn, vin

Red River, Minn., N. Dak., Manitoba. ........................... VIJ

Redwood River, Minn....:....... vm 

Rib River, Little, Wis............. ix

Rock River, Wis.-lll.............. ix, x

Root River, Minn............... ix

Root River, North Branch, Minn.. ix

Roseau River, Canada............. vm

Roseau River, West Branch, Minn. vm

Rum River, Minn................ vm

St. Croix, River, Wis............ ix

St. Mary River, Mont.-Alberta.... vn

SaltCreek, 111.................... xi

Sandy River, Minn............... vm

XXIX
XXX INDEX OF STREAMS.

Page. 

Sangamon River, 111.............. xi

Sangamon River, South Fork, 111. xi 

Sauk River, Minn............... vm

Sheyenne, River, N. Dak......... vii

Shellrock River, Iowa............. x

Shoal Creek, 111................. xi

Silver Creek, 111................. xi

Skunk River, Iowa.....T........ x

Snake River3 Minn............. ix

South Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Spoon River, 111................ xi

Sugar River, Wis................ x

Swiftcurrent Creek, Mont........ vn

Thief River, Minn............... vra

Tomahawk River, Wis........... ix

Trempealeau River, Wis........ ix

Turkey River, Iowa............. ix

Two Rivers, South Branch, Minn.. VIH 

Upper Iowa River, Iowa......... ix

Vermilion River, 111............. xi

Vermilion River, Minu.......... vm

Wapsipinicon River, Iowa........ ix

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Whetstone River, S. Dak........ vur

Wild Rice River, Minn.......... vu

Wisconsin River, Wis........... ix

Yellow River, Ind.............. x

Yellow River, Wis.............. ix

Zumbro River, Minn............ ix

Zumbro River, South Branch,

Minn........................ ix

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