Exhibit
4.1


DESCRIPTION
OF SECURITIES 


 


Our
authorized capital stock consists of 80,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value and 40,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001
par value. We have designated 3,000,000 shares of preferred stock as Series F preferred stock. As of December 31, 2021, there were 14,282,314
shares of our common stock outstanding that were held of record by approximately 104 stockholders of record.


 


The
following description is only a summary. You should also refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, both
of which have been filed with the SEC as exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this exhibit forms a part.


 


Common
Stock


 


We
are authorized to issue up to a total of 80,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. Holders of our common stock
are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. Holders of our common stock have
no cumulative voting rights, preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up,
holders of our common stock are entitled to share in all assets remaining after payment of all liabilities and the liquidation preferences
of any of our outstanding shares of preferred stock. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred
stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors
out of our assets which are legally available.


 


The
holders of a majority of the shares of our capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, are necessary to constitute a quorum for
the transaction of business at any meeting. If a quorum is present, an action by stockholders entitled to vote on a matter is approved
if the number of votes cast in favor of the action exceeds the number of votes cast in opposition to the action, with the exception of
the election of directors, which requires a plurality of the votes cast.


 


Preferred
Stock


 


Our
board of directors will have the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 40,000,000 shares of preferred
stock in one or more series and to fix the designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional, or special
rights as well as the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions of the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights,
voting rights, terms of redemption, and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of the common stock.
Our board of directors, without stockholder approval, will be able to issue preferred stock with voting, conversion, or other rights
that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of common stock. Preferred stock could be issued quickly
with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change of control or make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance
of preferred stock may have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock, and may adversely affect the voting and other
rights of the holders of common stock.


 


Options


 


Our
2017 Equity Incentive Plan provides for us to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of common stock as restricted shares, incentive stock options,
nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights or restricted stock unit awards to our and our subsidiaries’ employees, members
of the board of directors and consultants. As of December 31, 2021, 1,820,000 options to purchase common stock pursuant to our 2017 Equity
Incentive Plan were outstanding. 


 


Warrants


As
of December 31, 2021, warrants to purchase up to 199,000 shares of our common stock were outstanding and pre-funded warrants to purchase
up to 28,014,540 shares of our common stock were outstanding.


 




    	 



    	 



    

 


Effect
of Certain Provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and the Delaware Anti-Takeover Provisions


 


Delaware
Law


 


We
are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly traded
Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date
of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed
manner. A business combination includes mergers, asset sales or other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the stockholder.
An interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns (or within three years, did own) 15% or more
of the corporation’s voting stock, subject to certain exceptions. The statute could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing
a change in control of our Company.


 


Advance
Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations


 


Our
Bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election
as directors at our annual meeting of stockholders, must provide timely notice of their intent in writing. To be timely, a stockholder’s
notice must be delivered to our secretary at our Company’s principal executive offices not later than the close of business on
the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual
meeting; provided, however, that in the event the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such
anniversary date, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year, notice by the stockholder must be delivered not earlier than
the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the 90th day prior to such
annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which a public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made
by the Company. These provisions may preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from
making nominations for directors at our annual meeting of stockholders.


 


Authorized
but Unissued Shares


 


Our
authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for future issuance without stockholder approval and
may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future private or public offerings to raise capital, corporate acquisitions
and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved common stock and preferred stock could render more
difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.


 


Transfer
Agent and Registrar


 


We
have engaged the services of Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. as our transfer agent and registrar