United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

Marathon County,

Wisconsin

Parts I and II

In cooperation with the

Research Division of the

College of Agricultural and

Life Sciences, University

of Wisconsin
1

Note to User

This PDF document represents an electronic version of the original hard-copy

publication issued in 2003. The content of this version is the same as that of the hardcopy publication, but the formatting has been changed.
General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called

general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the

area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of

the soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and

management of small areas.

To find information about your area

of interest, locate that area on the

Index to Map Sheets. Note the

number of the map sheet and turn

to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on

the map sheet. Note the map unit

symbols that are in that area. Turn

to the Contents, which lists the

map units by symbol and name

and shows the page where each

map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table

has data on a specific land use for

each detailed soil map unit. Also

see the Contents for sections of

this publication that may address

your specific needs.

3

How to Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov (click on “Technical Resources”).

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other federal agencies, state

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service, formerly the Soil Conservation Service, has

leadership for the federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1985. Revised mapping of

certain map units in the northern and western parts of the county was completed in

1996. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1986 and 1997. Unless otherwise

indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1985.

This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service

and the Research Division of the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of

Wisconsin. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Marathon County Land

Conservation Committee, which helped to finance the fieldwork.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: A view of Lake Wausau at the junction of the Wisconsin River and the Big Rib River. Rib

Mountain, a quartzite monadnock, is in the background. (Photo courtesy of the Marathon County

Land Conservation Department)
5

Contents

How to Use This Soil Survey .................................. 3

Foreword ................................................................. 9

General Nature of the County ................................. 11

History and Development ................................... 11

Climate ............................................................... 12

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage .................... 13

Water Supply ...................................................... 13

Transportation Facilities and Industry ................. 13

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 14

Map Unit Composition ........................................ 15

Survey Procedures ............................................. 15

General Soil Map Units ........................................ 17

1. Magnor-Freeon-Cable Association ............. 17

2. Loyal-Withee-Marshfield Association ......... 18

3. Kennan-Hatley Association ........................ 19

4. Marathon-Mylrea-Moberg Association ....... 19

5. Fenwood-Rietbrock-Rozellville

Association ........................................... 21

6. Meadland-Mosinee-Dancy Association ...... 22

7. Mahtomedi-Fordum-Sturgeon

Association ........................................... 23

8. Chetek-Rosholt-Oesterle Association ........ 24

9. Mahtomedi-Graycalm-Meehan

Association ........................................... 26

10. Cathro-Seelyeville Association ................... 27

Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 29

AbB—Alban loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes ............ 29

Ad—Altdorf mucky silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 30

AmC—Amery silt loam, 5 to 15 percent

slopes .......................................................... 31

CbA—Cable silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes,

stony ............................................................ 32

Ch—Cathro muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes ............ 32

CkA—Chetek sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 33

CkB—Chetek sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 34

CkC—Chetek sandy loam, 6 to 15 percent

slopes .......................................................... 35

CkE—Chetek sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent

slopes .......................................................... 35

Da—Dancy sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 36

DoA—Dolph silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes ...... 37

DuB—Dunnville fine sandy loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes ............................................. 38

FeC—Fenwood silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 39

FeD—Fenwood silt loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes .......................................................... 40

FfC—Fenwood silt loam, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, stony ................................................ 40

FfE—Fenwood silt loam, 15 to 30 percent

slopes, stony ................................................ 41

FgB—Fenwood-Rozellville silt loams, 2 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 42

Fh—Fordum silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 43

FnB—Freeon silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ..... 43

FnC—Freeon silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 44

GcB—Graycalm loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

Gm—Graycalm loamy sand, moderately well

drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...................... 46

Gr—Greenwood peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 47

GuB—Guenther loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 47

HtB—Hatley silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes....... 48

HyB—Hatley cobbly silt loam, 1 to 6 percent

slopes, bouldery........................................... 49

KaB—Kennan sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 50

KaC—Kennan sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes .......................................................... 51

KaD2—Kennan sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 51

KeB—Kennan sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, bouldery........................................... 52

KeC—Kennan sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes, bouldery........................................... 53

KeE—Kennan sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent

slopes, bouldery........................................... 54

LDF—Landfill ..................................................... 55

LoB—Loyal silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes ........ 55

LoC—Loyal silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes ...... 56

MaB—Magnor silt loam, 0 to 4 percent

slopes .......................................................... 56

MbB—Mahtomedi loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 57
6

MbC—Mahtomedi loamy sand, 6 to 15

percent slopes ............................................. 58

MbE—Mahtomedi loamy sand, 15 to 45

percent slopes ............................................. 59

McA—Mahtomedi loamy sand, moderately

well drained, 0 to 3 percent slopes ............... 59

MdB—Marathon silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 60

MdC—Marathon silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 61

MeC—Marathon silt loam, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, stony ................................................ 62

MfA—Marshfield silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 63

MgA—Meadland loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes ..... 63

MhA—Meadland loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes,

stony ............................................................ 64

Mm—Meehan loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 65

Mn—Minocqua sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 66

MoB—Moberg gravelly silt loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 66

MoC—Moberg gravelly silt loam, 6 to 15

percent slopes ............................................. 67

MsB—Mosinee sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 68

MsC—Mosinee sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 69

MsD—Mosinee sandy loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes .......................................................... 70

MtC—Mosinee sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, stony ................................................ 70

MyB—Mylrea silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes ..... 71

MzB—Mylrea silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes,

stony ............................................................ 72

Ne—Newson mucky loamy sand, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 73

Oe—Oesterle loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.......... 74

Pg—Pits, gravel .................................................. 75

Ph—Pits, quarries .............................................. 75

Po—Plover sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 75

RbC—Ribhill cobbly silt loam, 6 to 15 percent

slopes, stony ................................................ 76

RbE—Ribhill cobbly silt loam, 15 to 30

percent slopes, stony ................................... 77

RcB—Rietbrock silt loam, 1 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 77

ReB—Rietbrock silt loam, 1 to 8 percent

slopes, stony ................................................ 78

RhA—Rockers loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 79

RoA—Rosholt sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 80

RoB—Rosholt sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 81

RsA—Rosholt silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .... 81

RsB—Rosholt silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes .... 82

ScA—Scott Lake sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 83

SdA—Scott Lake silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 84

Se—Seelyeville muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 84

ShA—Sherry silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes ..... 85

St—Sturgeon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 86

UoB—Udorthents, loamy, gently sloping ............ 87

UoE—Udorthents, loamy, steep (earthen

dam) ............................................................ 87

WtA, WtB—Withee silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 87

Prime Farmland ...................................................... 88

Use and Management of the Soils ...................... 91

Crops and Pasture ............................................. 91

Woodland Management and Productivity ........... 94

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings .......... 95

Recreation .......................................................... 95

Wildlife Habitat ................................................... 96

Engineering ........................................................ 98

Soil Properties .................................................... 105

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 105

Physical and Chemical Properties .................... 106

Soil and Water Features ................................... 107

Engineering Index Test Data ............................. 109

Classification of the Soils .................................. 111

Soil Series and Their Morphology ......................... 111

Alban Series ..................................................... 111

Altdorf Series.................................................... 112

Amery Series ................................................... 113

Cable Series..................................................... 113
7

Cathro Series ................................................... 114

Chetek Series................................................... 114

Dancy Series .................................................... 115

Dolph Series..................................................... 115

Dunnville Series ............................................... 116

Fenwood Series ............................................... 116

Fordum Series .................................................. 117

Freeon Series ................................................... 118

Graycalm Series ............................................... 118

Greenwood Series ........................................... 119

Guenther Series ............................................... 119

Hatley Series .................................................... 120

Kennan Series .................................................. 121

Loyal Series ..................................................... 121

Magnor Series .................................................. 122

Mahtomedi Series ............................................ 123

Marathon Series ............................................... 124

Marshfield Series ............................................. 124

Meadland Series .............................................. 125

Meehan Series ................................................. 126

Minocqua Series .............................................. 126

Moberg Series .................................................. 127

Mosinee Series ................................................ 127

Mylrea Series ................................................... 128

Newson Series ................................................. 129

Oesterle Series ................................................ 129

Plover Series .................................................... 130

Ribhill Series .................................................... 130

Rietbrock Series ............................................... 131

Rockers Series ................................................. 132

Rosholt Series .................................................. 132

Rozellville Series .............................................. 133

Scott Lake Series ............................................. 134

Seelyeville Series ............................................. 134

Sherry Series ................................................... 135

Sturgeon Series ............................................... 136

Withee Series ................................................... 136

Formation of the Soils ........................................ 139

Geology and Underlying Material ..................... 139

Processes of Soil Formation............................. 139

Factors of Soil Formation ................................. 140

References .......................................................... 143

Glossary .............................................................. 145

Tables .................................................................. 153

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 154

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall........ 155

Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 155

Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 156

Table 5.—Prime Farmland ................................ 158

Table 6.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Crops ............................................. 159

Table 7.—Woodland Management and

Productivity ................................................ 163

Table 8.—Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings .................................................... 170

Table 9.—Recreational Development ............... 175

Table 10.—Wildlife Habitat ................................ 180

Table 11.—Building Site Development .............. 184

Table 12.—Sanitary Facilities ........................... 190

Table 13.—Construction Materials .................... 196

Table 14.—Water Management ........................ 201

Table 15.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 206

Table 16.—Physical and Chemical Properties

of the Soils ................................................. 217

Table 17.—Soil and Water Features ................. 222

Table 18.—Engineering Index Test Data ........... 226

Table 19.—Classification of the Soils ................ 230

Issued 2003

9

This soil survey contains information that can be used in land-planning programs in

Marathon County. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The

survey also highlights limitations and hazards inherent in the soil, improvements

needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the

environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each

soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.

Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and

additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Patricia S. Leavenworth

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

11

MARATHON COUNTY is in the central part of Wisconsin

(fig. 1). It lies almost entirely within the drainage basin

of the Wisconsin River. The county has a total area of

1,008,768 acres. Of this total, 985,184 acres is land

and 23,584 acres is water areas greater than 40

acres. The city of Wausau is the largest community in

the county and is the county seat. It has a population

of 32,426.

Dairy farming is the main agricultural enterprise in

the county. Ginseng farming is an important enterprise.

Older soil surveys that included Marathon County

were published in 1917 (6) and 1921 (16). The present

survey updates the earlier ones and provides

additional information and larger maps that show the

soils in greater detail.

Mapping revised during the period from 1994 to

1996 (fig. 2) concentrated on the existing Freeon,

Magnor, Marshfield, and Withee map units. As a result

of the revisions, the Magnor, Marshfield, and Withee

map units were redefined, a new Freeon map unit was

added, and the Loyal series and its two accompanying

map units were added. All of these soils formed in silty

deposits and in the underlying glacial till.

General Nature of the County

This section describes history and development;

climate; physiography, relief, and drainage; water

supply; and transportation facilities and industry in the

county.

History and Development

Vast white pine forests attracted the first settlers to

this survey area. In 1839 George Stevens built a

sawmill on the Wisconsin River at Big Bull Falls, a site

that is now within the city of Wausau (10). By 1849 a

number of sawmills and the village of Big Bull Falls

were built along the river to accommodate the large

number of logs being floated down the river by

lumbermen. With the extension of railroads into the

county, more sawmills were built in other parts of the

county as well.

As the white pine forests became depleted, the

lumbering industry began to diversify. The hardwood

trees that remained were used in various wood

product industries. Firms to service these new

industries were founded.

The county, named after a Greek battlefield, was

officially established in 1850. The first group of farmers

in Marathon County, German immigrants, settled in the

towns of Maine and Berlin around 1855. Later, workers

from the large industrialized cities and more

immigrants from Europe settled throughout the county.

Attempts were made to raise a variety of crops and

livestock. Finally, grass and clover were found to grow

Soil Survey of

Marathon County, Wisconsin

By William D. Fiala, David A. Buss, Sam D. Hagedorn, Kim A. Kidney, and

John O. Werlein, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by Robert J. Bartelme, David A. Buss, William D. Fiala, Sam D. Hagedorn,

Richard M. Johannes, Kim A. Kidney, and John O. Werlein, Natural Resources

Conservation Service; Dean M. Kaatz, Marathon County Land Conservation

Department; and Gary W. Starzinski, North-Central Wisconsin Regional Planning

Commission

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

the Research Division of the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of

Wisconsin
12 Soil Survey of

well on the soils that the early lumbermen had said

were not suitable for agriculture. Dairy farming soon

followed, with an early preference for butter

production. By about 1920 most of the milk was going

into the production of cheese.

Today Marathon County is a leading agricultural

area and an important manufacturing center in

Wisconsin.

Climate

Prepared by the National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North

Carolina.

In Marathon County, winters are very cold and

summers are short and fairly warm. The short freezefree period during the summer limits cropping mainly

to corn, small grain, forage crops, and adapted

vegetables. Precipitation is fairly well distributed

throughout the year, reaching a slight peak in summer.

Snow covers the ground much of the time from late fall

through early spring.

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at Wausau in the

period 1951 to 1981. Table 2 shows probable dates of

the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring.

Table 3 provides data on length of the growing season.

In winter, the average temperature is 15 degrees F

and the average daily minimum temperature is 6

degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred at Wausau on January 30, 1951, is -40

degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 67

degrees and the average daily maximum temperature

is 78 degrees. The highest recorded temperature,

which occurred at Wausau on July 26, 1964, is 99

degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They

are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month,

growing degree days accumulate by the amount that

the average temperature each day exceeds a base

temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly

accumulation is used to schedule single or successive

plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring

and the first freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation is about 32 inches. Of

this, about 23 inches, or about 70 percent, usually falls

in April through September. The growing season for

most crops falls within this period. In 2 years out of 10,

the rainfall in April through September is less than 18

inches. The heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of

record was 4.46 inches on June 5, 1955.

Thunderstorms occur on about 38 days each year.

The average seasonal snowfall is about 51 inches.

The greatest snow depth at any one time during the

period of record was 34 inches. On the average, 38

days of the year have at least 1 inch of snow on the

ground. The number of such days varies greatly from

year to year.

Figure 1.—Location of Marathon County in Wisconsin.

Figure 2.—Location of revised mapping in Marathon County.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 13

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 80 percent. The sun shines

65 percent of the time possible in summer and 45

percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the

northwest. Average windspeed is highest, 12 miles per

hour, in spring.

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage

Within Marathon County there are four major areas

with distinct physiographic characteristics. These

characteristics are primarily the result of glaciation and

the influence of the underlying bedrock.

The far northern and western parts of the county

are broad, nearly level to sloping ground moraines.

The central part, except for the Wisconsin River Valley,

is a mixed area of ground moraines and uplands

underlain by bedrock at a depth of 2 to 20 feet. This

area is nearly level to steep. The steeper areas

generally are adjacent to major drainageways. The

Wisconsin River Valley is composed of nearly level to

very steep outwash terraces and nearly level and

gently sloping flood plains. The southeastern part of

the county consists mainly of nearly level to steep

outwash plains and stream terraces and undulating to

very hilly moraines and drumlins.

The relief of Marathon County is largely controlled

by the glacial features and the bedrock. The highest

elevation in the county, on top of Rib Mountain, a

quartzite monadnock, is 1,941 feet. The lowest

elevation, at the point where the Wisconsin River flows

out of the county, is about 1,100 feet. Most of the

county ranges in elevation from 1,200 to 1,450 feet.

Local elevation differences are generally less than 100

feet. The greatest local elevation difference, about 750

feet, is between the top of Rib Mountain and a nearby

outwash terrace in the Wisconsin River Valley.

Most of the county is within the Wisconsin River

drainage basin (4). The western part of the county is

drained mainly by the Little Rib, Big Rib, Black, Big Eau

Pleine, and Little Eau Pleine Rivers and their tributaries.

The Trappe, Big Sandy, Eau Claire, Bull Junior, Little

Eau Claire, and Plover Rivers and their tributaries

drain the eastern part of Marathon County. The

southeastern part of the county is within the Wolf River

drainage basin. The main streams in this area are

Norrie Brook, Spranger Creek, Comet Creek, and the

Little Wolf River.

Water Supply

Most of Marathon County is underlain by

Precambrian crystalline rock. In a few places,

particularly in the southeastern and extreme

southwestern parts of the county, Cambrian

sandstone overlies the crystalline rock. Both of these

rock formations are covered with glacial drift that

ranges from 0 to 400 feet in thickness.

Ground water is pumped from aquifers in the

Precambrian and Cambrian rock formations and the

glacial drift (3). This water meets most of the domestic,

livestock, and irrigation needs in Marathon County.

Depth to the water table generally ranges from 0 to

20 feet in the outwash and glacial lake deposits and

from 50 to 100 feet in areas of pitted outwash; it is as

much as 170 feet in the end moraines. Depth to water

in the area of ground moraines ranges from 20 to 50

feet (5).

The highest well yields are from wells in areas

underlain by thick, permeable deposits of saturated

sand and gravel. Yields of 500 to 1,000 gallons per

minute are common from those sand and gravel areas

that are adjacent to the Wisconsin River in the area

between the Lincoln County line and the city of

Mosinee and also in the extreme northeastern part of

the county. Yields of 50 to 500 gallons per minute can

be expected from outwash areas adjacent to the

Trappe, Rib, and Eau Claire Rivers, along the lower

reaches of the Wisconsin River, and in the eastern

part of the county. Yields of less than 50 gallons per

minute can be expected in other areas of the county,

most of which are covered by ground moraines.

Generally, the lowest yields occur where the ground

moraines are underlain by bedrock at a shallow depth.

Local geologic conditions may result in differences in

these well yields.

Ground water quality is generally good throughout

Marathon County. Some local problems include

excessive iron, nitrate, and total dissolved solids.

Ground water movement in the Wisconsin and FoxWolf River basins is generally from the sides of the

basin that face toward these rivers and their

tributaries.

Marathon County has 23,584 acres of surface

water of more than 40 acres. Additional surface water

is in smaller rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds. The

surface water is used for industry, power generation,

irrigation, recreation, sewage disposal, and livestock

watering. The quality of surface water is affected by

variables, such as dissolved minerals, temperature,

dissolved oxygen, and the biochemical oxygen

demand.

Transportation Facilities and Industry

Marathon County is served by Central Wisconsin

Airport at Mosinee and by the Wausau Municipal
14 Soil Survey of

Airport. Two intercity bus lines furnish passenger

transportation to all principal Wisconsin cities. Charter

service also is available. Three railways provide freight

service. All parts of the county can be reached by

good hard-surfaced or gravel roads. State Highways

13, 97, and 107 and U.S. Highway 51 are the main

north-south roads in the county. State Highways 29

and 153 are the main east-west roads.

Agriculture is the main industry in Marathon County.

Dairying is the predominant type of farming. Marathon

County ranks first in Wisconsin in total number of

cows, total milk production, and receipts by farmers for

sales of dairy products (17). Other enterprises include

farm equipment sales and service; feed, seed, and

fertilizer supplies; and livestock marketing. Marathon

County ranks first in the United States in the

production of ginseng, a high-value specialty crop.

About 37 percent of Marathon County is woodland.

The lumber and paper product industries are leading

employers in the county.

Mineral production in the county presently includes

sand and gravel, granite for roadfill, crushed stone for

roofing granules, and granite for memorials.

The tourist and recreation industries are also

important in Marathon County. Fishing, swimming,

hunting, snowmobiling, and cross-country and

downhill skiing are activities that attract many outdoor

enthusiasts.

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils in the survey area. The information includes a

description of the soils and their location and a

discussion of the suitability, limitations, and

management of the soils for specified uses. Soil

scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape

of slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of

crops and native plants growing on the soils; and the

kinds of bedrock. They dug many holes to study the

soil profile, which is the sequence of natural layers, or

horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface

down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil

formed. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots

and other living organisms and has not been changed

by other biological activity.

The soils in the survey area occur in an orderly

pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief,

climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind

of soil is associated with a particular kind of landscape

or with a segment of the landscape. By observing the

soils in the survey area and relating their position to

specific segments of the landscape, a soil scientist

develops a concept, or model, of how the soils were

formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the

soil scientist to predict with considerable accuracy the

kind of soil at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however,

soil scientists must determine the boundaries between

the soils. They can observe only a limited number of

soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soillandscape relationship, are sufficient to verify

predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

soil reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

The system of taxonomic classification used in the

United States is based mainly on the kind and

character of soil properties and the arrangement of

horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as
Marathon County, Wisconsin 15

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can state with a fairly high degree of

probability that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

assure that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.

Map Unit Composition

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one major kind of soil or an area

dominated by several kinds of soil. A map unit is

identified and named according to the taxonomic

classification of the dominant soil or soils. Within a

taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for

the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however,

the soils are natural objects. In common with other

natural objects, they have a characteristic variability in

their properties. Thus, the range of some observed

properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a

taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic

class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including

areas of soils of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soil or

soils for which it is named and some soils that belong

to other taxonomic classes. These latter soils are

called inclusions or included soils.

Most inclusions have properties and behavioral

patterns similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in

the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and

management. These are called noncontrasting

(similar) inclusions. They may or may not be

mentioned in the map unit descriptions. Other

inclusions, however, have properties and behavior

divergent enough to affect use or require different

management. These are contrasting (dissimilar)

inclusions. They generally occupy small areas and

cannot be shown separately on the soil maps because

of the scale used in mapping. The inclusions of

contrasting soils are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few inclusions may not have been

observed and consequently are not mentioned in the

descriptions, especially where the soil pattern was so

complex that it was impractical to make enough

observations to identify all of the kinds of soil on the

landscape.

The presence of inclusions in a map unit in no way

diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the soil data.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes of soils but rather to separate the

landscape into segments that have similar use and

management requirements. The delineation of such

landscape segments on the map provides sufficient

information for the development of resource plans, but

onsite investigation is needed to plan for intensive

uses in small areas.

Survey Procedures

The general procedures followed in making this

survey are described in the National Soil Survey

Handbook of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service. The Reconnaissance Soil Survey of South

Part of North-Central Wisconsin (6), published in 1917,

and the Soil Survey of Northern Wisconsin (16),

published in 1921, are two of the references used.

Before daily fieldwork began, preliminary

boundaries of slopes and landforms were plotted

stereoscopically on aerial photographs. Work prior to

1979 was completed on aerial photographs made in

1968 at a scale of 1:15,840. Work completed after

1979 was on aerial photographs made in 1978 at a

scale of 1:20,000. U.S. Geological Survey 7.5- and 15-

minute topographic maps and the aerial photographs

were studied to relate land and image features before

traverses of the landscape were made.

Traverses were made at intervals of about one-fifth

of a mile in the parts of Marathon County where land

is used predominantly for crops and such

nonagricultural purposes as building sites and septic

tank absorption fields. Traverses were made at closer

intervals in areas where the soil pattern is highly

variable. In areas where present and anticipated land

use is related to forestry, the traverse intervals were

increased.

Soil examinations along the traverses were made

100 to 400 yards apart, depending upon the

landscape, soil pattern, and experience of the mapper.

Observations of such features as landforms,

vegetation, and road cuts were made continuously

without regard to spacing. Soil boundaries were drawn

on the basis of soil examinations, observations, and

aerial photo interpretation. The soil material was

examined with the aid of a hand auger to a depth of 5

feet or to bedrock, where bedrock was at a depth of

less than 5 feet.

Samples for analysis were taken of most of the
16

major soils in the survey area. The analyses were

made by the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln,

Nebraska, and the Wisconsin Department of

Transportation, Division of Highways and

Transportation Facilities, Madison, Wisconsin. The

results of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation

analyses are given in table 18 of this survey. The other

results can be obtained by request from the State

Office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

in Madison, Wisconsin.

After completion of the soil mapping on aerial

photographs at scales of 1:15,840 and 1:20,000, the

photographs were converted to clear film positives at a

scale of 1:20,000. The map unit delineations were

transferred to halftone positives at a scale of 1:20,000.

Surface drainage was mapped in the field. Some place

names and cultural features were transferred from

U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps. Others

were recorded from visual observations.
17

The general soil map in this publication shows the

soil associations in this survey area. Each association

has a distinctive pattern of soils, relief, and drainage.

Each is a unique natural landscape. Typically, an

association consists of one or more major soils and

some minor soils. It is named for the major soils. The

soils making up one association can occur in another

but in a different pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise,

areas where the soils are not suitable can be

identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other structure.

The soils in any one association differ from place to

place in slope, depth, drainage, and other

characteristics that affect management.

The general soil map of Marathon County joins the

general soil maps of Langlade, Portage, Shawano,

Waupaca, and Wood Counties. The soil surveys of

these counties were published at earlier dates. The

associations in these surveys do not fully agree with

those in Marathon County. Some differences are the

result of improvement in the classification of soils,

particularly in the modification or refinement of soil

series concepts. More precise and detailed maps were

needed because the use of the general soil maps has

expanded in recent years; the more modern maps

meet this need. Other differences result from

variations in the extent of the major soils in the

different surveys.

Areas Dominated by Soils

Underlain by Loamy Glacial Till

This group of associations makes up about 31

percent of the county. The soils are nearly level and

gently sloping. They formed in silty and loamy deposits

underlain by loamy glacial till. They are moderately

well drained to very poorly drained.

Most areas are used as cropland. Undrained wet

soils are used as woodland, pasture, or wildlife habitat.

The soils in this group are poorly suited or generally

unsuited to dwellings and septic tank absorption fields.

1. Magnor-Freeon-Cable Association

Deep, nearly level to sloping, moderately well drained

to very poorly drained, stony and silty soils on ground

moraines

This association consists of soils on ground

moraines dissected by small streams and intermittent

drainageways. It makes up about 10 percent of the

county. It is about 35 percent Magnor soils, 35 percent

Freeon soils, 15 percent Cable soils, and 15 percent

soils of minor extent.

Magnor soils are nearly level and gently sloping and

are somewhat poorly drained. They are in concave

areas on broad plains. Typically, the surface layer is

very dark grayish brown silt loam about 10 inches

thick. The next layer is about 14 inches thick. It is

mottled. It is pale brown and strong brown silt loam in

the upper part and yellowish red and pinkish gray

sandy loam in the lower part. The subsoil is yellowish

red and reddish brown, mottled sandy loam about 26

inches thick. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is dark reddish brown gravelly sandy loam.

Freeon soils are gently sloping and sloping and are

moderately well drained. They are on tops and sides of

broad knolls and ridges. Typically, the surface layer is

dark brown silt loam about 9 inches thick. The next

layer is about 12 inches thick. It is brown and dark

yellowish brown silt loam in the upper part and dark

yellowish brown and brown, mottled silt loam in the

lower part. The subsoil is reddish brown, mottled loam,

gravelly loam, and gravelly sandy loam about 14

inches thick. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is reddish brown gravelly sandy loam.

Cable soils are nearly level and gently sloping and

are poorly drained and very poorly drained. They are

in depressions and drainageways. Most areas have

cobbles and stones on the surface. Typically, the

surface layer is very dark brown silt loam about 3

inches thick. The subsurface layer is dark gray, mottled

silt loam about 4 inches thick. The subsoil is about 20

inches thick. It is grayish brown and mottled. It is silt

General Soil Map Units
18 Soil Survey of

loam in the upper part and loam in the lower part. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is reddish

brown, mottled gravelly sandy loam.

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Amery, Fenwood, and Rietbrock soils. The well drained

Amery soils are on the tops and sides of knolls and

ridges. The well drained Fenwood soils and the

somewhat poorly drained Rietbrock soils are on the

tops and sides of hills and ridges and are adjacent to

major drainageways. They are underlain by bedrock.

Many areas of the Freeon and Magnor soils are

used as cropland. Water erosion is the main hazard in

areas of the Freeon soils. Wetness is the main

limitation in areas of the Magnor soils. Most areas of

the Cable soils are used as woodland. Wetness and

stoniness are the main limitations in areas of the

Cable soils used for cultivated crops. The Freeon and

Magnor soils are suited to cultivated crops and trees.

The Cable soils are suited to trees.

The Freeon and Magnor soils are poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields because of wetness and

very slow permeability. The Freeon soils are poorly

suited to dwellings with basements because of

wetness. They are only moderately suited to dwellings

without basements because of wetness and the slope.

The Magnor soils are poorly suited to dwellings

because of wetness. The Cable soils are generally

unsuited to these uses because of ponding and

moderately slow permeability.

2. Loyal-Withee-Marshfield Association

Deep, nearly level to sloping, moderately well drained

to poorly drained, silty soils on ground moraines

This association consists of soils on ground

moraines dissected by small streams and intermittent

drainageways. It makes up about 21 percent of the

county. It is about 40 percent Loyal soils, 40 percent

Withee soils, 10 percent Marshfield soils, and 10

percent soils of minor extent.

Loyal soils are nearly level to sloping and are

moderately well drained. They are on tops and sides of

broad knolls and ridges. Typically, the surface layer is

very dark grayish brown silt loam about 9 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is brown, mottled silt loam about

11 inches thick. The subsoil is mottled loam about 29

inches thick. It is reddish brown and brown in the

upper part and dark reddish brown in the lower part.

The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

reddish brown, mottled loam.

Withee soils are nearly level and gently sloping and

are somewhat poorly drained. They are in concave

areas on broad plains. Typically, the surface layer is

very dark grayish brown silt loam about 8 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is brown, mottled silt loam about

5 inches thick. The next layer is about 19 inches thick.

It is mottled. It is brown and dark brown silt loam in the

upper part and dark brown loam and brown silt loam in

the lower part. The subsoil is about 13 inches thick. It

is reddish brown and mottled. It is clay loam in the

upper part and sandy clay loam in the lower part. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is reddish

brown sandy clay loam.

Marshfield soils are nearly level and gently sloping

and are poorly drained. They are in depressions and

drainageways. Typically, the surface layer is very dark

brown, mottled silt loam about 8 inches thick. The

subsurface layer is grayish brown, mottled silt loam

about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is light brownish gray,

mottled silt loam and loam about 18 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is dark

yellowish brown, mottled sandy loam.

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Cathro, Fenwood, Freeon, Rietbrock, and Rozellville

soils. The very poorly drained Cathro soils are in

drainageways and depressions. The well drained

Fenwood and Rozellville soils and the somewhat

poorly drained Rietbrock soils are on the tops and

sides of knolls and hills and are underlain by igneous

and metamorphic bedrock. The moderately well

drained Freeon soils are on the tops and sides of

knolls and ridges.

Many areas of the Loyal and Withee soils and

drained areas of the Marshfield soils are used as

cropland. Most of the undrained areas of Marshfield

soils are used as woodland or unimproved pasture.

Water erosion is the main hazard in areas of the Loyal

soils. Wetness is the main limitation in areas of Withee

and Marshfield soils. In areas of the Marshfield soils,

frost is a hazard late in spring and early in fall. The

Loyal and Withee soils and, where adequately drained,

the Marshfield soils are generally suited to cultivated

crops. All of the major soils are suited to trees.

The Loyal and Withee soils are poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields because of wetness and

very slow permeability. The Loyal soils are poorly

suited to dwellings with basements because of

wetness. They are only moderately suited to dwellings

without basements because of wetness and the slope.

The Withee soils are poorly suited to dwellings

because of wetness. The Marshfield soils are

generally unsuited to these uses because of ponding

and moderately slow permeability.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 19

Areas Dominated by Soils

Underlain by Sandy or Loamy

Glacial Till, Residuum, or Bedrock

This group of associations makes up about 51

percent of the county. The soils are nearly level to

steep. They formed in silty, loamy, or sandy deposits

underlain by sandy or loamy glacial till, residuum, or

bedrock. They are somewhat excessively drained, well

drained, somewhat poorly drained, and poorly drained.

Most of the less sloping areas are used as

cropland. The wetter and more sloping soils and the

stony and bouldery soils are used as woodland or

pasture.

Most of the well drained and somewhat excessively

drained soils with slopes of less than 6 percent are

suited to dwellings. These soils are suited or only

moderately suited to septic tank absorption fields. The

wetter soils are poorly suited or are generally unsuited

to dwellings and septic tank absorption fields.

3. Kennan-Hatley Association

Deep, nearly level to steep, well drained and

somewhat poorly drained, bouldery, cobbly, silty, and

loamy soils on moraines and drumlins

This association consists of soils on ground,

terminal, and recessional moraines and on drumlins. It

makes up about 9 percent of the county. It is about 55

percent Kennan soils, 10 percent Hatley soils, and 35

percent soils of minor extent (fig. 3).

Kennan soils are gently sloping to steep and are

well drained. They are on the tops and sides of knolls,

hills, and ridges on terminal and recessional moraines

and on drumlins. Most uncultivated areas have stones

and boulders on the surface. Typically, the surface

layer is dark brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick.

The next layer is brown and dark brown sandy loam

about 18 inches thick. The subsoil is dark brown sandy

loam about 22 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of about 60 inches is brown loamy sand.

Hatley soils are nearly level and undulating and are

somewhat poorly drained. They are in slight

depressions and are adjacent to drainageways and

bogs on ground, terminal, and recessional moraines.

Most uncultivated areas have stones and boulders on

the surface. Typically, the surface layer is very dark

grayish brown cobbly silt loam about 5 inches thick.

Below that is dark brown cobbly silt loam about 3

inches thick. The next layer is about 12 inches thick. It

is brown and dark brown, mottled cobbly silt loam in

the upper part and dark brown and brown, mottled

loam in the lower part. The subsoil is dark brown,

mottled loam about 12 inches thick. The next layer is

dark brown, mottled sandy loam about 12 inches thick.

The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

brown, mottled loamy sand.

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Alban, Chetek, Graycalm, Greenwood, Oesterle,

Plover, Rosholt, Scott Lake, and Seelyeville soils. The

moderately well drained Alban soils, the somewhat

excessively drained and moderately well drained

Graycalm soils, and the somewhat poorly drained

Plover soils are on glacial lake plains and stream

terraces. The somewhat excessively drained Chetek

soils, the well drained Rosholt soils, the moderately

well drained Scott Lake soils, and the somewhat

poorly drained Oesterle soils are on outwash plains

and stream terraces. The very poorly drained

Greenwood and Seelyeville soils are in bogs in

depressions.

Most of the less sloping and nonbouldery areas of

this association are used as cropland. The steeper

and bouldery areas are used as woodland or

unimproved pasture. Water erosion, slope, and stones

and boulders on the surface are the main

management concerns in areas used for cultivated

crops. The wetness of the Hatley soils also is a

limitation. The less sloping and nonbouldery areas are

suited to cultivated crops and to trees.

The gently sloping areas of the Kennan soils, where

the stones and boulders have been removed, are

suited to septic tank absorption fields and to dwellings.

The sloping and bouldery areas of the Kennan soils

are only moderately suited to these uses. The more

sloping, bouldery and nonbouldery areas are poorly

suited because of slope. The Hatley soils are poorly

suited to septic tank absorption fields and to dwellings

because of wetness.

4. Marathon-Mylrea-Moberg Association

Deep, nearly level to moderately steep, well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, and somewhat excessively

drained, stony, gravelly, and silty soils on uplands and

ground moraines

This association consists of soils on uplands and

ground moraines. It makes up about 7 percent of the

county. It is about 30 percent Marathon soils, 30

percent Mylrea soils, 10 percent Moberg soils, and 30

percent soils of minor extent.

Marathon soils are gently sloping to moderately

steep and are well drained. They are on the tops and

sides of broad knolls and ridges on uplands. Some
20 Soil Survey of

uncultivated areas have cobbles, stones, and boulders

on the surface. Typically, the surface layer is dark

grayish brown silt loam about 7 inches thick. The

subsurface layer is brown silt loam about 3 inches

thick. The next layer is brown, dark yellowish brown,

and dark brown silt loam about 19 inches thick. The

subsoil is about 28 inches thick. It is brown and dark

brown very gravelly coarse sandy loam in the upper

part and dark brown, strong brown, and yellowish red

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand in the lower

part. The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

strong brown extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand.

Mylrea soils are nearly level and gently sloping and

are somewhat poorly drained. They are in small areas

on convex and concave plains and are on concave

foot slopes on ground moraines. Many uncultivated

areas have cobbles, stones, and boulders on the

surface. Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is

dark yellowish brown silt loam about 6 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is light grayish brown, mottled silt

loam about 3 inches thick. Below this is dark yellowish

brown and pale brown, mottled silt loam about 7

inches thick. The subsoil is about 14 inches thick. It is

mottled. It is yellowish brown silt loam in the upper part

and dark brown fine sandy loam in the lower part. The

next layer is dark brown, mottled gravelly fine sandy

loam about 5 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of about 60 inches is brown, mottled extremely

gravelly loamy coarse sand.

Moberg soils are gently sloping to moderately steep

and are somewhat excessively drained. They are on

the tops and sides of knolls and ridges on uplands.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish brown

gravelly silt loam about 4 inches thick. The subsoil is

dark brown gravelly silt loam about 8 inches thick. The

next layer is strong brown very gravelly coarse sandy

loam about 8 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of about 60 inches is strong brown extremely gravelly

loamy coarse sand.

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Fenwood, Mosinee, Rietbrock, Rozellville, and Sherry

soils. The well drained Fenwood, Mosinee, and

Rozellville soils are on knolls, ridgetops, and hillsides

Figure 3.—Pattern of soils and parent material in the Kennan-Hatley association.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 21

in the uplands. The somewhat poorly drained

Rietbrock soils are on the concave or convex tops of

broad knolls, along drainageways, and at the base of

slopes in the uplands. The poorly drained and very

poorly drained Sherry soils are in drainageways and

depressions.

Many of the nonstony areas of the Marathon soils,

some areas of the Moberg soils, and some of the

nonstony areas of the Mylrea soils are used as

cropland. Many areas of the Moberg and Mylrea soils

are used as woodland. Water erosion is the main

hazard if cultivated crops are grown. Also, the Moberg

soils are droughty, some areas of the Marathon and

Mylrea soils are stony, and the Mylrea soils that have

a slope of less than 2 percent are excessively wet. In

the nonstony areas, this association is generally suited

to cultivated crops. It is suited to trees.

The nonstony, gently sloping areas of the Marathon

and Moberg soils are suited to dwellings. The gently

sloping Marathon soils are suited to septic tank

absorption fields. The more sloping areas of the

Marathon soils are only moderately suited to septic

tank absorption fields and to dwellings because of

slope. The Moberg soils can readily absorb the effluent

in the septic tank absorption fields, but they cannot

adequately filter it. The poor filtering capacity can

result in the pollution of ground water. The Mylrea soils

are poorly suited to these uses because of wetness

and rapid or very rapid permeability.

5. Fenwood-Rietbrock-Rozellville

Association

Deep, nearly level to steep, well drained and

somewhat poorly drained, stony and silty soils on

ground moraines and bedrock-controlled uplands

This association consists of soils on ground

moraines and on uplands underlain by igneous and

metamorphic bedrock. It makes up about 23 percent of

the county. It is about 30 percent Fenwood soils, 30

percent Rietbrock soils, 15 percent Rozellville soils,

and 25 percent soils of minor extent (fig. 4).

Fenwood soils are gently sloping to steep and are

well drained. They are on the tops and sides of knolls,

hills, and ridges on uplands underlain by bedrock.

Some uncultivated areas have cobbles, stones, and

bedrock outcrops on the surface. Typically, the surface

layer is very dark grayish brown silt loam about 8

inches thick. The subsurface layer is grayish brown

and brown loam about 4 inches thick. The next layer is

brown, dark yellowish brown, and dark brown loam

about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is about 19 inches

thick. It is dark brown. It is gravelly loam in the upper

part and cobbly loam in the lower part. Fractured

igneous and metamorphic bedrock is at a depth of

about 43 inches.

Rietbrock soils are nearly level to sloping and are

somewhat poorly drained. They are on the concave or

convex tops of broad knolls, at the base of slopes, and

along the edges of drainageways on ground moraines

and on uplands underlain by bedrock. Many

uncultivated areas have cobbles, stones, and bedrock

outcrops on the surface. Typically, the surface layer is

very dark grayish brown silt loam about 8 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is brown, mottled silt loam about

3 inches thick. The next 11 inches is brown, mottled

silt loam and dark brown, mottled loam. The subsoil is

about 23 inches thick. It is dark brown and mottled. It

is gravelly loam in the upper part, gravelly clay loam in

the next part, and cobbly loam in the lower part.

Shattered igneous and metamorphic bedrock is at a

depth of about 45 inches.

Rozellville soils are gently sloping and well drained.

They are mapped in complex with the Fenwood soils

on the tops of knolls and hills on uplands. Typically, the

surface layer is very dark grayish brown silt loam

about 7 inches thick. The next layer is brown and dark

brown silt loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is

about 21 inches thick. It is dark brown clay loam in the

upper part and yellowish brown sandy loam in the

lower part. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is olive brown gravelly loam.

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Loyal, Marathon, Meadland, Mylrea, Ribhill, and

Sherry soils. The moderately well drained Loyal soils,

the well drained Marathon soils, and the somewhat

poorly drained Mylrea soils are on broad knolls,

ridgetops, and side slopes in the uplands. The

somewhat poorly drained Meadland soils are in broad,

slightly convex and concave areas on plains on ground

moraines. The well drained Ribhill soils are on the tops

and sides of hills and ridges on quartzite monadnocks.

The poorly drained and very poorly drained Sherry

soils are in depressions and drainageways.

Many of the less sloping and nonstony areas in this

association are used as cropland. The more sloping or

stony areas are used as woodland. Erosion is the

main hazard in most areas used as cropland, and in

some areas stoniness is the main limitation. The

Rietbrock soils also are limited by wetness on slopes

of less than 2 percent. Most of this association is

suited to cultivated crops and to trees.

The less sloping areas of the Fenwood soils are

only moderately suited to septic tank absorption fields

and to dwellings with basements because of the
22 Soil Survey of

shallow depth over bedrock. The more sloping areas of

the Fenwood soils are poorly suited to these uses

because of the slope. The Rozellville soils are only

moderately suited to septic tank absorption fields

because of moderate permeability. They are suited to

dwellings. The Rietbrock soils are poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields and to dwellings because

of the wetness.

6. Meadland-Mosinee-Dancy

Association

Deep, nearly level to moderately steep, somewhat

poorly drained, well drained, and poorly drained, stony

and loamy soils on ground moraines and bedrockcontrolled uplands

This association consists of soils on ground

moraines and on uplands underlain by igneous and

metamorphic bedrock. It makes up about 12 percent of

the county. It is about 40 percent Meadland soils, 25

percent Mosinee soils, 10 percent Dancy soils, and 25

percent soils of minor extent.

Meadland soils are nearly level and gently sloping

and are somewhat poorly drained. They are on slightly

convex and concave, broad ground moraines. Many

uncultivated areas have cobbles, stones, and bedrock

outcrops on the surface. Typically, the surface layer is

very dark brown loam about 2 inches thick. The next

layer is dark brown loam about 5 inches thick. Below

this is brown and dark yellowish brown, mottled loam

about 18 inches thick. The subsoil is dark yellowish

brown, mottled loam about 16 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

multicolored gravelly loam.

Mosinee soils are gently sloping to moderately

steep and are well drained. They are on the tops and

sides of knolls, hills, and ridges on uplands underlain

by bedrock. Many uncultivated areas have cobbles,

stones, and bedrock outcrops on the surface. Typically,

the surface layer is dark brown sandy loam about 7

inches thick. The subsoil is about 35 inches thick. It is

dark yellowish brown gravelly sandy loam in the upper

part, yellowish brown gravelly and very gravelly sandy

loam in the next part, and yellowish brown extremely

gravelly sandy loam in the lower part. Fractured

Figure 4.—Pattern of soils and parent material in the Fenwood-Rietbrock-Rozellville association.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 23

igneous and metamorphic bedrock is at a depth of

about 42 inches.

Dancy soils are nearly level and are poorly drained.

They are in drainageways and depressions on ground

moraines. Typically, the surface layer is black sandy

loam about 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer is

gray, mottled loamy sand about 6 inches thick. The

next layer is gray and brown, mottled loamy sand and

sandy loam about 11 inches thick. The subsoil is light

grayish brown, mottled loam about 9 inches thick.

Below this is dark grayish brown, mottled loam about

11 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is multicolored sandy loam.

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Fenwood, Guenther, Mahtomedi, Meehan, Rietbrock,

and Rockers soils. The well drained Fenwood soils and

the somewhat poorly drained Rietbrock soils are on

the tops and sides of knolls and ridges. The

moderately well drained Guenther soils and the

somewhat poorly drained Rockers soils are on knolls

and in convex and concave areas on uplands. The

excessively drained and moderately well drained

Mahtomedi soils and the somewhat poorly drained

Meehan soils are on stream terraces and outwash

plains.

Many areas of the soils in this association are used

as woodland. Some of the less sloping and nonstony

areas of the Mosinee soils, some of the nonstony

areas of the Meadland soils, and a few drained areas

of the Dancy soils are used as cropland. The stony

and more sloping areas of the Mosinee soils, the stony

areas of the Meadland soils, and the undrained areas

of the Dancy soils are used as woodland. Erosion is

the main hazard on the Mosinee soils. The Meadland

soils are limited by wetness and stoniness. The main

management concerns on the Dancy soils are

ponding and wetness. The less sloping and nonstony

areas of the Mosinee soils and the nonstony areas of

the Meadland soils are suited to cultivated crops. This

association is suited to trees.

The gently sloping areas of the Mosinee soils are

only moderately suited to septic tank absorption fields

and to dwellings because of the shallow depth over

bedrock. The sloping and stony areas of the Mosinee

soils are only moderately suited to septic tank

absorption fields and to dwellings because of slope,

stones, and the shallow depth over bedrock. The more

sloping areas of this association are poorly suited to

these uses because of slope. The Meadland soils are

poorly suited to these uses because of wetness and

moderately slow permeability. The Dancy soils are

generally unsuited to septic tank absorption fields and

to dwellings because of ponding.

Areas Dominated by Soils

Underlain by Silty, Loamy, or Sandy,

Alluvial, Lacustrine, or Outwash

Deposits

This group of associations makes up about 15

percent of the county. The soils are nearly level to very

steep. They formed in, and are underlain by, silty,

loamy, or sandy deposits. They are excessively

drained to very poorly drained.

Many of the less sloping areas of the better drained

soils are used as cropland. The wetter and more

sloping soils are used as woodland.

The well drained, somewhat excessively drained,

and excessively drained soils that have slopes of less

than 6 percent are suited to dwellings. These soils can

readily absorb the effluent in septic tank absorption

fields but cannot adequately filter it. The poor filtering

capacity can result in the pollution of ground water.

The moderately well drained soils are suited to

dwellings without basements and are poorly suited to

dwellings with basements. They are poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields. The wetter soils are

poorly suited or generally unsuited to dwellings and

septic tank absorption fields.

7. Mahtomedi-Fordum-Sturgeon

Association

Deep, nearly level to very steep, excessively drained,

moderately well drained, poorly drained, very poorly

drained, and somewhat poorly drained, sandy and silty

soils on stream terraces, outwash plains, and flood

plains

This association consists of soils on outwash plains

and stream terraces dissected by flood plains along

the major streams and rivers. It makes up about 8

percent of the county. It is about 35 percent

Mahtomedi soils, 25 percent Fordum soils, 10 percent

Sturgeon soils, and 30 percent soils of minor extent.

Mahtomedi soils are nearly level to very steep and

are excessively drained and moderately well drained.

They are on broad or narrow flats, on the tops and

sides of knolls, and on escarpments on stream

terraces and outwash plains. Typically, the surface

layer is dark brown loamy sand about 8 inches thick.

The subsoil is about 16 inches thick. It is dark brown. It

is loamy sand in the upper part and gravelly loamy

sand in the lower part. The substratum to a depth of

about 60 inches is light brown gravelly coarse sand. In

places the substratum is mottled.
24 Soil Survey of

Fordum soils are nearly level and are poorly

drained and very poorly drained. They are in

depressions, drainageways, and overflow channels; in

low areas on flood plains; and on islands in large

rivers. Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown

silt loam about 6 inches thick. The upper part of the

substratum is dark gray, mottled silt loam and fine

sandy loam. The lower part to a depth of about 60

inches is gray sand.

Sturgeon soils are nearly level and somewhat

poorly drained. They are in convex areas on flood

plains and on islands in large rivers. Many areas are

dissected by overflow channels. Typically, the surface

layer is very dark grayish brown silt loam about 8

inches thick. The upper part of the substratum is dark

yellowish brown silt loam about 10 inches thick. The

next part is about 13 inches of dark brown, mottled,

stratified silt loam, sandy loam, and loam and about 10

inches of dark yellowish brown, mottled sand. The

lower part to a depth of about 60 inches is brown

sand.

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Chetek, Dunnville, Meehan, Minocqua, Newson, and

Oesterle soils. The somewhat excessively drained

Chetek soils, the somewhat poorly drained Meehan

and Oesterle soils, and the poorly drained and very

poorly drained Minocqua and Newson soils are on

outwash plains and stream terraces. The moderately

well drained Dunnville soils are on low stream

terraces.

Many of the less sloping areas of the Mahtomedi

soils are used as cropland. Some of these areas have

been planted to pine trees. Many areas of the Fordum

and Sturgeon soils are used as woodland.

Droughtiness and soil blowing are the main

management concerns in cultivated areas of the

Mahtomedi soils. The main management concerns on

the Fordum and Sturgeon soils are flooding, ponding,

and wetness. Where adequately protected from soil

blowing, the less sloping areas of the Mahtomedi soils

are suited to cultivated crops. Where drained and

protected from flooding, the Sturgeon soils also are

suited to cultivated crops. The Fordum soils are poorly

suited to cultivated crops because of ponding and

flooding. This association is suited to trees.

The gently sloping areas of the excessively drained

Mahtomedi soils are suited to dwellings. The sloping

areas are only moderately suited to dwellings because

of the slope, and the steeper areas are poorly suited.

The nearly level to moderately steep Mahtomedi soils

can readily absorb the effluent in septic tank

absorption fields but cannot adequately filter it. The

poor filtering capacity can result in pollution of the

ground water. The steep and very steep Mahtomedi

soils are generally unsuited to septic tank absorption

fields because of slope and a poor filtering capacity.

The moderately well drained areas of the Mahtomedi

soils are poorly suited to septic tank absorption fields

because of wetness and a poor filtering capacity. They

are only moderately suited to dwellings with

basements because of wetness. The Fordum and

Sturgeon soils are generally unsuited to these uses

because of wetness and flooding.

8. Chetek-Rosholt-Oesterle Association

Deep, nearly level to steep, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, and somewhat poorly drained,

loamy and silty soils on outwash plains and stream

terraces

This association consists of soils on outwash plains

and stream terraces. It makes up about 5 percent of

the county. It is about 25 percent Chetek soils, 25

percent Rosholt soils, 15 percent Oesterle soils, and

35 percent soils of minor extent (fig. 5).

Chetek soils are nearly level to steep and are

somewhat excessively drained. They are on broad or

narrow, convex or concave flats; on the tops and sides

of knolls, hills, and ridges; and on escarpments.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish brown

sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The subsurface layer

is brown sandy loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil

is about 10 inches thick. It is dark brown sandy loam in

the upper part and brown gravelly loamy sand in the

lower part. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is yellowish brown gravelly coarse sand.

Rosholt soils are nearly level and gently sloping and

are well drained. They are in convex and concave

areas and on flats. Typically, the surface layer is very

dark grayish brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick.

The next layer is brown and dark brown sandy loam

about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is about 13 inches

thick. It is dark brown. It is gravelly sandy loam in the

upper part and very gravelly loamy coarse sand in the

lower part. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is brown and reddish yellow very gravelly sand.

Oesterle soils are nearly level and are somewhat

poorly drained. They are on narrow flats adjacent to

depressions and drainageways. Typically, the surface

layer is very dark grayish brown loam about 7 inches

thick. The next layer is brown, dark yellowish brown,

and dark brown, mottled sandy loam about 7 inches

thick. The subsoil is about 16 inches thick. It is mottled.

It is dark brown sandy loam in the upper part and light

yellowish brown loamy sand in the lower part. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is light

yellowish brown, mottled sand.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 25

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Alban, Graycalm, Hatley, Kennan, Mahtomedi,

Minocqua, Plover, and Scott Lake soils. The

moderately well drained Alban soils, the somewhat

excessively drained and moderately well drained

Graycalm soils, the excessively drained and

moderately well drained Mahtomedi soils, and the

somewhat poorly drained Plover soils are on flats and

on the tops of knolls and hills on glacial lake plains

and stream terraces. The somewhat poorly drained

Hatley soils and the well drained Kennan soils are on

the tops and sides of knolls, hills, and ridges and in

depressions on ground, terminal, and recessional

moraines and on drumlins. The poorly drained and

very poorly drained Minocqua soils are in depressions

and drainageways. The moderately well drained Scott

Lake soils are on broad flats adjacent to lower

depressional areas.

Many areas in this association are used as

cropland. Many of the moderately steep and steep

areas of the Chetek soils and undrained areas of the

Oesterle soils are used as woodland. Erosion,

drought, and soil blowing are the main hazards in

cultivated areas. A high water table also is a limitation

in the Oesterle soils. Most of the less sloping areas in

this association are suited to cultivated crops. The

moderately steep and steep areas of the Chetek soils

are poorly suited to cultivated crops because of a

severe hazard of water erosion. This association is

suited to trees.

The nearly level and gently sloping areas of the

Chetek soils and the Rosholt soils are suited to

dwellings. The sloping areas are only moderately

suited and the steeper areas are poorly suited to

dwellings because of the slope. All three soils in this

association can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but cannot adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water. The moderately steep and steep areas

of the Chetek soils are poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields because of both slope and the poor

filtering capacity. The Oesterle soils are poorly suited

to dwellings and septic tank absorption fields because

of wetness and the poor filtering capacity.

Figure 5.—Pattern of soils and parent material in the Chetek-Rosholt-Oesterle association.
26 Soil Survey of

9. Mahtomedi-Graycalm-Meehan

Association

Deep, nearly level to very steep, excessively drained,

somewhat excessively drained, moderately well

drained, and somewhat poorly drained, sandy soils on

outwash plains, stream terraces, and glacial lake

plains

This association consists of soils on outwash

plains, on stream terraces, and in glacial lake basins. It

makes up about 2 percent of the county. It is about 40

percent Mahtomedi soils, 15 percent Graycalm soils,

15 percent Meehan soils, and 30 percent soils of

minor extent.

Mahtomedi soils are nearly level to very steep and

are excessively drained and moderately well drained.

They are on broad or narrow flats; on the sides and

tops of knolls, hills, and ridges; and on escarpments

on stream terraces and outwash plains. Typically, the

surface layer is dark brown loamy sand about 8 inches

thick. The subsoil is about 16 inches thick. It is dark

brown. It is loamy sand in the upper part and gravelly

loamy sand in the lower part. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is light brown gravelly coarse

sand. In places the substratum is mottled.

Graycalm soils are nearly level and gently sloping

and are somewhat excessively drained and

moderately well drained. They are on small, convex or

concave flats or knolls on outwash plains and glacial

lake plains. Typically, the surface layer is very dark

grayish brown loamy sand about 9 inches thick. The

subsoil is dark brown and strong brown loamy sand

about 17 inches thick. Between depths of 26 and 52

inches is yellowish brown loamy sand with lamellae

of brown fine sandy loam. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is brownish yellow sand.

In many places the lamellae and substratum are

mottled.

Meehan soils are nearly level and are somewhat

poorly drained. They are on flats around depressions

and along drainageways on outwash plains, stream

terraces, and glacial lake plains. Typically, the surface

layer is very dark grayish brown loamy sand about 10

inches thick. The subsoil is loamy sand about 12

inches thick. It is dark brown in the upper part and

strong brown and mottled in the lower part. The next

layer is strong brown, mottled sand about 8 inches

thick. The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

grayish brown, mottled sand.

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Cathro, Hatley, Kennan, Newson, and Seelyeville soils.

The very poorly drained Cathro and Seelyeville soils

and the poorly drained and very poorly drained

Newson soils are in bogs, depressions, and

drainageways. The somewhat poorly drained Hatley

soils and the well drained Kennan soils are on the tops

and sides of knolls, hills, and ridges and in

depressions on recessional and ground moraines and

on drumlins.

Many areas in this association are used as

cropland. Many undrained areas of the Meehan soils

and the moderately steep to very steep areas of the

Mahtomedi soils are used as woodland. Drought and

soil blowing are the main hazards in cultivated areas.

A high water table also is a limitation in the Meehan

soils. Where irrigated and adequately protected from

soil blowing, the less sloping areas in this association

are suited to cultivated crops, including vegetables,

such as potatoes. Controlled drainage is needed to

lower the water table in the Meehan soils. This

association is suited to trees.

The somewhat excessively drained areas of the

Graycalm soils and the gently sloping areas of the

excessively drained Mahtomedi soils are suited to

dwellings. The sloping areas of the Mahtomedi soils

are only moderately suited to dwellings because of the

slope, and the steeper areas are poorly suited. All

three soils in this association can readily absorb the

effluent in septic tank absorption fields but cannot

adequately filter it. The poor filtering capacity can

result in the pollution of ground water. The Meehan

soils and the moderately well drained areas of the

Graycalm and Mahtomedi soils are poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields because of wetness and

the poor filtering capacity. They are only moderately

suited to dwellings with basements because of

wetness.

Areas Dominated by Organic Soils

That Are Mucky Throughout or Are

Mucky in the Upper Part and Are

Underlain by Silty or Loamy

Deposits

These soils make up about 3 percent of the county.

They are nearly level. They formed in organic deposits

or organic deposits underlain by silty or loamy

deposits. They are very poorly drained.

Most areas are used as wildlife habitat or woodland.

The soils are generally unsuited to dwellings and

septic tank absorption fields.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 27

10. Cathro-Seelyeville Association

Deep, nearly level, very poorly drained, mucky soils in

depressions on ground moraines, outwash plains, and

glacial lake plains

This association consists of soils in bogs,

depressions, and drainageways on glacial moraines,

outwash plains, and glacial lake plains. It makes up

about 3 percent of the county. It is about 40 percent

Cathro soils, 30 percent Seelyeville soils, and 30

percent soils of minor extent.

Cathro soils are nearly level and are very poorly

drained. They are in depressions and drainageways.

Typically, the organic layer is muck about 28 inches

thick. It is dark reddish brown in the upper part and

black and dark reddish brown in the lower part. The

upper part of the substratum is dark gray silt loam

about 5 inches thick. The lower part to a depth of

about 60 inches is gray, mottled loam.

Seelyeville soils are nearly level and are very poorly

drained. They are in bogs, depressions, and

drainageways. Typically, they are black muck to a

depth of at least 60 inches.

Some of the minor soils in this association are the

Fordum, Marshfield, Minocqua, Newson, and Sturgeon

soils. The poorly drained and very poorly drained

Fordum soils and the somewhat poorly drained

Sturgeon soils are on flood plains. The poorly drained

Marshfield soils and the poorly drained and very

poorly drained Minocqua and Newson soils are in

drainageways and depressions.

Some areas of this association are used as

woodland. Other areas are used for wildlife habitat.

This association is limited by ponding. It generally is

unsuited to cultivated crops because of the wetness

and a hazard of frost late in spring and early in fall. It is

suited to trees.

This association generally is unsuited to septic tank

absorption fields and to dwellings because of ponding

and subsidence.

29

The map units on the detailed soil maps in this

survey represent the soils in the survey area. The map

unit descriptions in this section, along with the soil

maps, can be used to determine the suitability and

potential of a soil for specific uses. They also can be

used to plan the management needed for those uses.

More information on each map unit, or soil, is given

under the heading “Use and Management of the Soils.”

Each map unit on the detailed soil maps represents

an area on the landscape and consists of one or more

soils for which the unit is named.

A symbol identifying the soil precedes the map unit

name in the soil descriptions. Each description

includes general facts about the soil and gives the

principal hazards and limitations to be considered in

planning for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer or of the substratum, all the soils of a

series have major horizons that are similar in

composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer or of the substratum. They also can differ

in slope, stoniness, salinity, wetness, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example,

Fenwood silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, is a phase

of the Fenwood series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils. These map units are called soil complexes. A soil

complex consists of two or more soils, or one or more

soils and a miscellaneous area, in such an intricate

pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be

shown separately on the soil maps. The pattern and

proportion of the soils are somewhat similar in all

areas. Fenwood-Rozellville silt loams, 2 to 6 percent

slopes, is an example.

Most map units include small scattered areas of

soils other than those for which the map unit is named.

Some of these included soils have properties that

differ substantially from those of the major soil or soils.

Such differences could significantly affect use and

management of the soils in the map unit. The included

soils are identified in each map unit description. Some

small areas of strongly contrasting soils are identified

by a special symbol on the soil maps.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. The map unit Pits, gravel, is an

example. Miscellaneous areas are shown on the soil

maps. Some that are too small to be shown are

identified by a special symbol on the soil maps.

The detailed soil maps do not fully agree with those

for adjacent counties published at an earlier date.

Some differences are the result of improvement in the

classification of soils, particularly in the modification or

refinement of soil series concepts. Other differences

result from variations in the extent of the major soils,

the texture of the surface layer, or the range in slopes

that was permitted within the map units in different

surveys.

Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

of each map unit. Other tables (see Contents) give

properties of the soils and the limitations, capabilities,

and potentials for many uses. The Glossary defines

many of the terms used in describing the soils.

AbB—Alban loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

moderately well drained soil is in small, convex areas

on flats or knolls. It is on glacial lake plains, delta

kames, and stream terraces. Most areas are circular

or irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 80

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown loam about 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer

is brown loam about 4 inches thick. The next layer is

about 23 inches thick. It is brown loam and dark brown

fine sandy loam in the upper part and dark brown fine

sandy loam and brown sandy loam in the lower part.

The subsoil is dark brown, mottled fine sandy loam

about 4 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of

about 60 inches is brown, mottled fine sand that has

Detailed Soil Map Units
30 Soil Survey of

strata of dark brown loamy fine sand. In places the

upper part of the soil is sandy loam or silt loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the Plover, Graycalm, Rosholt, and Scott Lake soils.

The somewhat poorly drained Plover soils are in the

slightly lower landscape positions. The somewhat

excessively drained and moderately well drained

Graycalm soils, the well drained Rosholt soils, and the

moderately well drained Scott Lake soils are in

landscape positions similar to those of the Alban soil.

Graycalm soils have more sand and less silt and clay

in the upper part than does the Alban soil. Rosholt and

Scott Lake soils have a sand or a gravelly or very

gravelly sand substratum. Included soils make up

about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in this Alban soil. Surface

runoff is slow or medium. Available water capacity is

high. The organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderately low or moderate. During wet periods a

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 2.5 to 3.5

feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a slight or

moderate hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such

as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of

crop residue on the surface, contour farming, contour

stripcropping, and a cropping system that includes

rotational hay and pasture help to prevent excessive

soil loss.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields. This limitation can be

overcome by constructing a mound of suitable filtering

material. In places the effluent also can be pumped to

an absorption field in better suited soils that are higher

on the landscape.

Because of wetness, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings with basements. It is suited to

dwellings without basements. The wetness can be

overcome by installing a subsurface drainage system

that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity outlet.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of frost action. This limitation can

be overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil

with coarse textured base material, such as sand or

gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

Ad—Altdorf mucky silt loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

This deep, nearly level, poorly drained soil is in

depressions and drainageways on ground moraines. It

is subject to ponding. Most areas are long and narrow

or irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 80

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is black mucky silt loam

about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is dark gray,

mottled silt loam about 5 inches thick. The next layer is

dark grayish brown and dark gray, mottled silty clay

loam and silt loam about 4 inches thick. The subsoil is

reddish brown and dark red, mottled clay about 32

inches thick. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is multicolored clay loam. In some places the

surface layer is silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or muck.

In other places the subsoil and substratum are loam or

sandy clay loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Dolph soils in the slightly

higher landscape positions. These soils make up

about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is slow in this Altdorf soil. Surface

runoff is slow to ponded. Available water capacity is

high. The organic matter content in the surface layer is

high or very high. During wet periods a seasonal high

water table is within a depth of 1 foot.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used for pasture or wildlife habitat.

Undrained areas are generally unsuitable as

cropland because of wetness and because of frost late

in spring and early in fall. If drained, this soil is suited

to oats and to clover and timothy for rotational hay and

pasture. It is generally unsuited to corn because of the

hazard of freezing. Land smoothing and surface drains

can help to remove excess water. Cleared areas in

intermittent drainageways can be used as grassed

waterways.

Drained areas of this soil are suited to permanent

pasture and hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture
Marathon County, Wisconsin 31

renovation, rotational grazing, and timely deferment of

grazing help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness, the

trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock helps

to overcome seedling mortality. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the ponding and the slow permeability,

this soil is generally unsuited to septic tank absorption

fields. It is generally unsuited to dwellings because of

the ponding and the shrink-swell potential.

Overcoming these limitations is difficult.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads because of

the shrink-swell potential, low soil strength, and the

ponding. The shrink-swell potential and low soil

strength can be overcome by excavating the soil and

replacing it with coarse textured base material, such

as sand or gravel, and by increasing the thickness of

the pavement. The ponding can be overcome by

removing the surface water through culverts and

ditches or by building on fill material, which raises the

road above the level of ponding. Installing culverts also

helps to prevent road damage by equalizing the water

on both sides of the road.

The land capability classification is VIw in undrained

areas. The woodland ordination symbol is 3W.

AmC—Amery silt loam, 5 to 15 percent

slopes

This deep, gently sloping to moderately steep, well

drained soil is on the tops and sides of knolls on

ground moraines. Most areas are long and narrow or

oval and range from about 4 to 40 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown silt

loam about 4 inches thick. The next layer is dark

brown silt loam about 4 inches thick. Below that is

brown and dark brown loam and fine sandy loam

about 16 inches thick. The subsoil is dark reddish

brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is reddish

brown gravelly sandy loam. In some places the upper

part of the soil is loam or sandy loam. In other places

the slope is less than 5 or more than 15 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Freeon soils in the slightly

lower landscape positions. Also included are areas of

Amery soils that have cobbles and stones in the

surface layer or that have pockets or strata of sand,

gravel, or cobbles in the substratum. Included soils

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is moderately slow in the subsoil of

this Amery soil and extremely slow or slow in the

substratum. Surface runoff is slow or medium.

Available water capacity is moderate. The organic

matter content in the surface layer is moderately low

or moderate.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used as cropland. A few are used for

pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a moderate or severe hazard. Conservation

tillage practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

contour stripcropping, diversions, contour farming, and

a cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture help to prevent excessive soil loss. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

help to control water erosion, maintain or increase the

organic matter content, and increase the rate of water

infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the moderate permeability and the

slope, this soil is only moderately suited to septic tank

absorption fields. The moderate permeability can be

overcome by constructing a mound of suitable filtering

material or by increasing the size of the absorption

field. The slope can be reduced by cutting and filling,

or a trench absorption system can be installed on the

contour.

Because of the slope, this soil is only moderately
32 Soil Survey of

suited to dwellings. The slope can be reduced by

cutting and filling, or the dwellings can be designed so

that they conform to the natural slope of the land.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the slope and frost action. The

slope can be reduced by cutting and filling to shape

the roadway. The potential for frost action can be

reduced by covering or replacing the upper part of the

soil with coarse textured base material, such as sand

or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 4L.

CbA—Cable silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, stony

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping, poorly

drained and very poorly drained soil is in depressions

and drainageways on ground moraines. It is subject to

ponding. Stones and cobbles are in the surface layer

in most places. Most areas are long and narrow and

range from about 4 to 160 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown silt

loam about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is

dark gray, mottled silt loam about 4 inches thick. The

subsoil is about 20 inches thick. It is grayish brown

and mottled. It is silt loam in the upper part and loam

in the lower part. The substratum to a depth of about

60 inches is reddish brown, mottled gravelly sandy

loam. In some places the upper part of the soil is

muck, loam, or sandy loam. In other places the

substratum is loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Magnor and Withee soils

in the higher landscape positions. These soils make up

about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the

subsoil of this Cable soil and moderately slow in the

substratum. Surface runoff is very slow or ponded.

Available water capacity is moderate. The organic

matter content in the surface layer is moderate or high.

During wet periods a seasonal high water table is

within a depth of 1 foot.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

areas are used for pasture, wildlife habitat, or

cropland.

This soil is generally unsuited to use as cropland

because of wetness and the stones. If the soil is

drained and the stones are removed, it is suited to

oats and to clover and timothy for rotational hay and

pasture. It is generally unsuited to corn because of the

hazard of freezing. Land smoothing and surface drains

can help to remove the excess water. Cleared areas

that are in intermittent drainageways should be used

as grassed waterways.

Some areas can be cleared of stones, drained, and

renovated for permanent pasture and hayland. Proper

stocking rates, pasture renovation, rotational grazing,

and timely deferment of grazing help to keep the

pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by wetness and the

cobbles and stones. Forest regeneration is limited to

natural seeding or hand planting. Planting vigorous

nursery stock helps to overcome seedling mortality.

Harvesting is frequently limited to periods when the

soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection

methods helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining

trees. Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the ponding and the restricted

permeability, this soil is generally unsuited to septic

tank absorption fields. Because of the ponding, it is

generally unsuited to dwellings. Overcoming these

limitations is difficult.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads because of

ponding and frost action. The ponding can be

overcome by removing the surface water through

culverts and ditches or by adding fill material, which

raises the road above the ponding level. Culverts also

help to prevent road damage by equalizing the water

level on each side of the road. The potential for frost

action can be reduced by excavating the upper part of

the soil and replacing it with coarse textured base

material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is VIw in undrained

areas. The woodland ordination symbol is 2X.

Ch—Cathro muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes

This deep, nearly level, very poorly drained soil is in

drainageways and depressions on ground moraines,

glacial lake plains, and outwash plains. It is subject to

ponding. Most areas are irregular in shape or long and

narrow and range from about 4 to 300 acres in size.

Typically, the organic layer is muck about 28 inches

thick. It is dark reddish brown in the upper part and

black and dark reddish brown in the lower part. The

upper part of the substratum is dark gray silt loam

about 5 inches thick. The lower part to a depth of

about 60 inches is gray, mottled loam. In some places
Marathon County, Wisconsin 33

the surface layer is peat. In other places the

substratum is sand, loamy sand, gravelly sand,

gravelly loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or

clay loam. In some areas the organic layer is less than

16 or more than 51 inches thick.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the poorly drained Cable, Dancy, Fordum, Marshfield,

Minocqua, Newson, and Sherry soils in the slightly

higher landscape positions. These soils formed in silty,

loamy, or sandy deposits. They make up about 5 to 15

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderately slow to moderately rapid

in the organic layer of this Cathro soil and moderately

slow or moderate in the loamy and silty substratum.

Surface runoff is very slow or ponded. Available water

capacity is very high. The organic matter content in the

organic layer is very high. During wet periods a

seasonal high water table is within a depth of 1 foot.

Many areas of this soil are used as wildlife habitat.

Some are used as woodland.

Undrained areas are generally unsuited to

cultivated crops because of wetness and because of

frost late in spring and early in fall. Most areas cannot

be drained because of a lack of adequate outlets, but

some areas can be drained by open ditches. Drained

areas are suited to oats and to grasses and legumes

for rotational hay and pasture. This soil is generally

unsuited to corn because of the hazard of freezing. If

drained and used as cropland, the soil is subject to

subsidence and soil blowing. A system of controlled

drainage that keeps the water table directly below the

root zone of the crops reduces the susceptibility to

subsidence and soil blowing. Field windbreaks, wind

stripcropping, and cover crops also help to control soil

blowing.

Drained areas of this soil are suited to permanent

pasture and hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture

renovation, rotational grazing, and timely deferment of

grazing help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness,

reforestation is limited to natural regeneration.

Harvesting is frequently limited to periods when the

soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection

methods helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining

trees. Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

This soil is generally unsuited to septic tank

absorption fields, dwellings, and local roads and

streets, mainly because of ponding, subsidence, and

frost action. Overcoming these limitations is difficult.

The land capability classification is VIw in undrained

areas. The woodland ordination symbol is 7W.

CkA—Chetek sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, somewhat excessively

drained soil is on broad or narrow flats on stream

terraces and outwash plains. Most areas are irregular

in shape and range from about 10 to 640 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sandy

loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is about 17

inches thick. It is dark brown sandy loam in the upper

part, reddish brown gravelly sandy loam in the next

part, and yellowish red gravelly loamy sand in the

lower part. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is reddish yellow gravelly coarse sand. In some

places the surface layer is silt loam, loam, or loamy

sand. In other places the slope is more than 2 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Mahtomedi and Scott

Lake soils in the slightly lower landscape positions.

Also included are small areas of the excessively

drained Mahtomedi and well drained Rosholt soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the Chetek soil

and small areas of Chetek soils that have cobbles in

the surface layer and subsoil. The surface layer and

subsoil of the Mahtomedi soils have more sand and

less silt and clay than those of the Chetek soil. The

upper part of the Rosholt soils has more silt and less

sand than that of the Chetek soil. Also, the Rosholt

soils have a thicker solum. Included soils make up 5 to

15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate to rapid in the upper part

of this Chetek soil and rapid in the lower part. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or moderately low.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland or pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. It tends to be droughty during

periods of low rainfall and is subject to soil blowing.

Where an adequate water supply is available, irrigation

can supplement rainfall. If irrigated, the soil is suited to

vegetable crops, such as potatoes, sweet corn, and

snap beans. Conservation tillage practices, such as

chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of crop

residue on the surface, wind stripcropping, cover

crops, and field windbreaks help to prevent excessive
34 Soil Survey of

soil loss. A cropping sequence that includes rotational

hay or pasture also is effective in controlling soil

blowing. Proper management of crop residue and

green manure crops help to prevent excessive soil

loss, increase the organic matter content, and

conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil is suited to dwellings and to local roads

and streets. It can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

The land capability classification is IIIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6A.

CkB—Chetek sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

This deep, gently sloping, somewhat excessively

drained soil is on broad or narrow, convex or concave

flats or knolls on stream terraces and outwash plains.

Most areas are irregular in shape and range from

about 10 to 400 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The

subsurface layer is brown sandy loam about 5 inches

thick. The subsoil is about 10 inches thick. It is dark

brown sandy loam in the upper part and brown

gravelly loamy sand in the lower part. The substratum

to a depth of about 60 inches is yellowish brown

gravelly coarse sand. In some places the surface layer

is silt loam, loam, or loamy sand. In other places the

slope is less than 2 or more than 6 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Mahtomedi and Scott

Lake soils in the slightly lower landscape positions.

Also included are small areas of the excessively

drained Mahtomedi and well drained Rosholt soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the Chetek soil

and small areas of Chetek soils that have cobbles in

the surface layer and subsoil. The surface layer and

subsoil of the Mahtomedi soils have more sand and

less silt and clay than those of the Chetek soil. The

upper part of the Rosholt soils has more silt and less

sand than that of the Chetek soil. Also, the Rosholt

soils have a thicker solum. Included soils make up 5 to

15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate to rapid in the upper part

of this Chetek soil and rapid in the lower part. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or moderately low.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland or pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If cultivated crops are grown,

the hazard of water erosion is slight or moderate. Also,

soil blowing is a hazard. Conservation tillage practices,

such as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface, contour stripcropping,

and contour farming help to prevent excessive water

erosion. Wind stripcropping, cover crops, conservation

tillage, and field windbreaks help to prevent excessive

soil blowing. A cropping system that includes rotational

hay and pasture also is effective in controlling water

erosion and soil blowing. The soil tends to be droughty

during periods of low rainfall. Where an adequate

water supply is available, irrigation can supplement

rainfall. If irrigated, the soil is suited to vegetable crops,

such as potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

help to prevent excessive soil loss, maintain or increase

the organic matter content, and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil is suited to dwellings and to local roads

and streets. It can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6A.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 35

CkC—Chetek sandy loam, 6 to 15 percent

slopes

This deep, somewhat excessively drained soil is on

the sides of knolls and ridges on stream terraces and

outwash plains. It is sloping and moderately steep or is

rolling and hilly. Most areas are irregular in shape and

range from about 4 to 40 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sandy

loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is about 11

inches thick. It is dark brown sandy loam in the upper

part and strong brown gravelly loamy sand in the lower

part. The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

reddish yellow gravelly sand. In some places the upper

part of the soil is silt loam, loam, or loamy sand. In

other places the slope is less than 6 or more than 15

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Kennan and excessively drained

Mahtomedi soils. These soils are in landscape

positions similar to those of the Chetek soil. Kennan

soils are underlain by loamy sand glacial till. The

surface layer and subsoil of the Mahtomedi soils have

more sand and less silt and clay than those of the

Chetek soil. Also included are small areas of Chetek

soils that have cobbles in the surface layer and

subsoil. Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent

of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate to rapid in the upper part

of this Chetek soil and rapid in the lower part. Surface

runoff is medium. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderately low or moderate.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If cultivated crops are grown,

the hazard of water erosion is moderate. Also, soil

blowing is a hazard. Conservation tillage practices,

such as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface, contour stripcropping,

contour farming, and a cropping system that includes

rotational hay and pasture help to prevent excessive

water erosion. Wind stripcropping, cover crops,

conservation tillage, and field windbreaks help to

prevent excessive soil blowing. The soil tends to be

droughty during periods of low rainfall. Most irrigation

equipment does not function properly on this soil

because of the slope. Proper management of crop

residue and green manure crops help to reduce soil

loss, maintain or increase the organic matter content,

and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

Because of the slope, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings. The slope can be reduced by

cutting and filling, or the dwellings can be designed so

that they conform to the natural slope of the land.

Because of the slope, this soil is only moderately

suited to local roads and streets. The slope can be

reduced by cutting and filling to shape the roadway.

The land capability classification is IVe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6A.

CkE—Chetek sandy loam, 15 to 30

percent slopes

This deep, moderately steep and steep, somewhat

excessively drained soil is on the sides of hills and on

escarpments on stream terraces and outwash plains.

Most areas are long and narrow or irregular in shape

and range from about 4 to 20 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown sandy

loam about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is

brown sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The subsoil is

about 17 inches thick. It is dark brown sandy loam in

the upper part and strong brown gravelly loamy sand

in the lower part. The substratum to a depth of about

60 inches is yellowish brown gravelly sand. In some

places the upper part of the soil is loam or loamy sand.

In other places the slope is less than 15 or more than

30 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Kennan and excessively drained

Mahtomedi soils. These soils are in landscape

positions similar to those of the Chetek soil. Kennan

soils are underlain by loamy sand glacial till. The

surface layer and subsoil of the Mahtomedi soils have

more sand and less silt and clay than those of the

Chetek soil. Also included are small areas of Chetek

soils that have cobbles in the surface layer and
36 Soil Survey of

subsoil. Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent

of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate to rapid in the upper part

of this Chetek soil and rapid in the lower part. Surface

runoff is rapid. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderately low or moderate.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used for pasture, and a few are used as

cropland.

This soil is generally unsuited to row crops because

of the low available water capacity and a severe

hazard of water erosion. The less sloping areas are

suited to small grain and to grasses and legumes for

rotational hay and pasture. Conservation tillage

practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

contour stripcropping, contour farming, and a cropping

system that includes rotational hay and pasture help to

prevent excessive soil loss. The soil tends to be

droughty during periods of low rainfall. Irrigation

equipment does not function properly on this soil

because of the slope. Proper management of crop

residue and green manure crops help to reduce soil

loss, maintain or increase the organic matter content,

and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Slope and seedling

survival are the main management concerns. Planting

trees on the contour and carefully locating skid roads

during harvest minimize erosion. Seedling survival on

the steeper slopes facing south or west can be

improved by carefully planting vigorous nursery stock.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland habitat. The vegetation that provides

food and cover can be planted or can naturally

regenerate.

Because of the slope, this soil is poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields, dwellings, and local

roads and streets. This limitation can be overcome by

cutting and filling. Also, a trench absorption system

can be installed on the contour in some areas.

Although this soil can readily absorb the effluent in

septic tank absorption fields, it does not adequately

filter it. The poor filtering capacity can result in the

pollution of ground water. Dwellings can be designed

so that they conform to the natural slope of the land,

and roads can be constructed in the less sloping

areas.

The land capability classification is VIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6R.

Da—Dancy sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, poorly drained soil is in

depressions and drainageways on ground moraines. It

is subject to ponding. Most areas are long and narrow

or irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 400

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is black sandy loam

about 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray,

mottled loamy sand about 6 inches thick. The next

layer is gray and brown, mottled loamy sand and

sandy loam about 11 inches thick. The subsoil is light

grayish brown, mottled loam about 9 inches thick.

Below that is dark grayish brown, mottled loam about

11 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is multicolored sandy loam. In some places the

surface layer is muck, mucky sandy loam, loamy sand,

or mucky loamy sand. In other places the upper part of

the soil is muck, silt loam, loam, or sandy loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Meadland and Rockers

soils in the higher landscape positions. Also included

are areas of Dancy soils that have cobbles and stones

in the surface layer. Included soils make up about 5 to

15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part of

this Dancy soil and moderate in the lower part.

Surface runoff is slow to ponded. Available water

capacity is moderate. The organic matter content in

the surface layer is moderately low or moderate.

During wet periods a seasonal high water table is

within a depth of 1 foot.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used as cropland or pasture.

Undrained areas are generally unsuitable as

cropland because of wetness and because of frost late

in spring and early in fall. If drained, this soil is suited

to oats and to clover and timothy for rotational hay and

pasture. It is generally unsuited to corn because of the

hazard of freezing. If drained, it is subject to soil

blowing. Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel

planting, that leave a protective amount of crop

residue on the surface, cover crops, wind

stripcropping, and a cropping system that includes

rotational hay and pasture help to prevent excessive

soil loss. Cleared areas in intermittent drainageways

can be used as grassed waterways.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 37

Drained areas of this soil are suited to permanent

pasture and hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture

renovation, rotational grazing, and timely deferment of

grazing help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness, the

trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock helps

to overcome seedling mortality. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the ponding, this soil is generally

unsuited to septic tank absorption fields and dwellings.

Overcoming this hazard is difficult.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads because of

the ponding and frost action. The ponding can be

overcome by removing the surface water through

culverts and ditches or by adding fill material, which

raises the roads above the ponding level. Culverts also

help to prevent road damage by equalizing the water

level on each side of the road. The potential for frost

action can be reduced by excavating the upper part of

the soil and replacing it with coarse textured base

material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is VIw in undrained

areas. The woodland ordination symbol is 3W.

DoA—Dolph silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil is in small, slightly

concave or convex areas on plains on ground

moraines. Most areas are irregular in shape and range

from about 4 to 80 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is black silt loam about 3

inches thick. The subsurface layer is brown, mottled

silt loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is about 9

inches thick. It is mottled. It is brown and dark brown

silt loam in the upper part and reddish brown and

brown silty clay loam and silt loam in the lower part.

The subsoil is dark red and dark reddish brown,

mottled clay about 22 inches thick. The substratum to

a depth of about 60 inches is dark reddish brown,

mottled clay loam. In some places the upper part of

the soil is loam or sandy loam. In other places the

subsoil and substratum are loam or sandy clay loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the poorly drained Altdorf soils in the slightly lower

landscape positions. Also included are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Rietbrock soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the Dolph soil

and small areas of Dolph soils that have cobbles and

stones in the surface layer. The subsoil and

substratum of the Rietbrock soils have less clay than

those of the Dolph soil. Also, these soils are underlain

by bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Included

soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual

mapped areas.

Permeability is slow in this Dolph soil. Surface

runoff also is slow. Available water capacity is high.

The organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderate or high. During wet periods a seasonal high

water table is at a depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland or

pasture. A few are used as cropland.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

Unless the soil is adequately drained, excess water

limits the choice of crops or results in crop damage in

most years. The wetness also delays field preparation,

planting, or harvest. Land smoothing and surface

drains can help to remove excess water.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness, the

trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock helps

to overcome seeding mortality. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and the slow permeability, this

soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption fields. In

some areas the effluent can be pumped to an

absorption field in better suited soils that are higher on

the landscape.

Because of wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can
38 Soil Survey of

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet. On sites for dwellings without basements, a

high shrink-swell potential is a limitation. It can be

overcome by excavating the soil and replacing it with

coarse textured material, such as sand or gravel.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads and streets

because of low soil strength, frost action, and the

shrink-swell potential. These limitations can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel,

or by increasing the thickness of the pavement and of

the base or subbase material.

The land capability classification is IIw. The

woodland ordination symbol is 2C.

DuB—Dunnville fine sandy loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

moderately well drained soil is on knolls and slightly

convex stream terraces. Some areas are subject to

rare flooding of brief duration. Most areas are long and

narrow or irregular in shape and range from about 4 to

160 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown fine sandy

loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is dark reddish

brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The next

layer is reddish brown loamy fine sand about 10

inches thick. The upper part of the substratum is

yellowish brown, mottled fine sand. The lower part to a

depth of about 60 inches is brown gravelly sand. In

places the upper part of the soil is loamy fine sand,

loam, or silt loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Sturgeon soils in the

lower landscape positions. Also included are areas of

Dunnville soils that have a seasonal high water table

at a depth of more than 6 feet. Included soils make up

about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil of this Dunnville soil and rapid in the

substratum. Surface runoff is slow. Available water

capacity is low. The organic matter content in the

surface layer is moderately low or moderate. During

wet periods a seasonal water table is at a depth of 3 to

6 feet.

Some areas of this soil are used as cropland or

pasture. A few areas have been planted to pine trees,

support natural vegetation, or have been used as

building sites. Some areas are used as woodland.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

cultivated crops are grown, water erosion is a slight

hazard. Also, soil blowing is a hazard. Conservation

tillage practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

contour farming, and contour stripcropping help to

prevent excessive water erosion. A cropping system

that includes rotational hay and pasture also is

effective in controlling water erosion. Wind

stripcropping, cover crops, conservation tillage, and

field windbreaks help to prevent excessive soil

blowing. The soil tends to be droughty during periods

of low rainfall. Where an adequate water supply is

available, irrigation can supplement rainfall. If irrigated,

the soil is suited to vegetable crops, such as potatoes,

sweet corn, and snap beans. Proper management of

crop residue and green manure crops help to prevent

excessive soil loss, maintain or increase the organic

matter content, and increase the rate of water

infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however,

yields are reduced because of the low available

water capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture

renovation, rotational grazing, and timely deferment

of grazing help to keep the pasture in good

condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and a poor filtering capacity,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. It can readily absorb the effluent but cannot

adequately filter it. The poor filtering capacity can

result in the pollution of ground water. In some areas

both of the limitations can be overcome by

constructing a mound of suitable filtering material. In

places the effluent can be pumped to an absorption

field in better suited soils that are higher on the

landscape.

This soil is poorly suited to dwellings because it is

subject to rare flooding. The hazard of flooding can be

reduced by raising the site elevation through filling or

by constructing a diversion or dike, which can divert

water away from the dwelling.

Because of the rare flooding, this soil is only

moderately suited to local roads and streets. The

hazard of flooding can be reduced by using fill material

to construct roads above the flooding level or by

installing larger bridges and culverts to permit the

floodwater to drain away.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 39

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3A.

FeC—Fenwood silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes

This deep, sloping, well drained soil is on the sides

of knolls and ridges on uplands. Most areas are long

and narrow or irregular in shape and range from about

4 to 160 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown silt loam

about 7 inches thick. The next layer is dark brown and

brown loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is about

19 inches thick. It is dark brown. It is loam in the upper

part and gravelly loam in the lower part. Below this is

dark brown very cobbly loam about 6 inches thick.

Fractured, hard igneous and metamorphic bedrock is

at a depth of about 42 inches. The depth to hard

bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. In places the

surface layer is loam or sandy loam. In some areas the

slope is less than 6 or more than 12 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Rietbrock soils in the

lower landscape positions and small areas of Mosinee

soils. Mosinee soils are in landscape positions similar

to those of the Fenwood soil. They have more sand

and less silt and clay in the upper part than the

Fenwood soil. Also included are small areas of

Fenwood soils that have bedrock at a depth of more

than 60 inches, in which the surface layer and upper

part of the subsoil have been removed by erosion, or

that have cobbles and stones in the surface layer;

areas of soils that have bedrock at a depth of less than

40 inches or that have a perched seasonal high water

table at a depth of 3 to 5 feet; and areas of bedrock

outcrop. Inclusions make up about 10 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in this Fenwood soil.

Surface runoff is medium. Available water capacity is

moderate. The organic matter content in the surface

layer is moderate.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a moderate hazard. Conservation tillage

practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

contour farming, contour stripcropping, terraces, and

diversions help to prevent excessive soil loss.

Construction of terraces and diversions is limited by

the gravelly and cobbly subsoil and the bedrock. A

cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture also is effective in controlling water erosion.

Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to reduce soil loss, maintain or

increase the organic matter content, and increase the

rate of water infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the depth to bedrock, seepage of

effluent into the fractures and crevices in the bedrock,

and the moderate permeability, this soil is only

moderately suited to septic tank absorption fields.

These limitations can be overcome by constructing a

mound of suitable filtering material.

Because of the shrink-swell potential and the slope,

this soil is only moderately suited to dwellings without

basements. It is only moderately suited to dwellings

with basements because of the depth to bedrock, the

slope, and the shrink-swell potential. The shrink-swell

potential can be overcome by excavating the soil and

replacing it with coarse textured material, such as

sand or gravel. The slope can be reduced by cutting

and filling with suitable power equipment, or the

dwellings can be designed so that they conform to the

natural slope of the land. The depth to bedrock can be

overcome by excavating the bedrock, by raising the

site by filling, or by constructing dwellings without

basements or with partially exposed basements.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the slope, frost action, and the

shrink-swell potential. The slope can be reduced by

cutting and filling. Cutting can expose the bedrock,

which in turn can be removed by blasting, by using a

jackhammer, or by using suitable power equipment.

Frost action and the shrink-swell potential can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.
40 Soil Survey of

FeD—Fenwood silt loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes

This deep, moderately steep, well drained soil is on

the sides of hills and ridges on uplands. Most areas

are long and narrow and range from about 4 to 160

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is

dark yellowish brown silt loam about 5 inches thick.

Below that is brown and dark brown loam about 15

inches thick. The subsoil is about 20 inches thick. It is

dark brown. It is gravelly sandy clay loam in the upper

part and very cobbly loam in the lower part. Fractured,

hard igneous and metamorphic bedrock is at a depth

of about 43 inches. The depth to hard bedrock ranges

from 40 to 60 inches. In places the surface layer is

loam or sandy loam. In some areas the slope is less

than 12 or more than 20 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the Mosinee soils. These soils are in landscape

positions similar to those of the Fenwood soil. They

have more sand and less silt and clay in the upper

part than the Fenwood soil. Also included are small

areas where the upper part of the Fenwood soil has

been removed by erosion or where cobbles and

stones are in the surface layer, areas of soils that have

bedrock at a depth of less than 40 inches, and areas

of rock outcrop. Inclusions make up about 10 to 15

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in this Fenwood soil.

Surface runoff is rapid. Available water capacity is

moderate. The organic matter content in the surface

layer also is moderate.

Many areas are used as woodland. Some are used

for pasture. A few are used as cropland.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a severe hazard.

Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel planting,

that leave a protective amount of crop residue on the

surface, contour farming, contour stripcropping,

terraces, and diversions help to prevent excessive soil

loss. Construction of terraces and diversions is limited

by the cobbly subsoil and the bedrock. A cropping

system that includes rotational hay and pasture also is

effective in controlling water erosion. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

help to reduce soil loss, maintain or increase the

organic matter content, and increase the rate of water

infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Slope and plant competition following the harvest also

are management concerns. Planting trees on the

contour and carefully locating skid roads during

harvest minimize erosion. Seedling survival on the

steeper slopes facing south or west can be improved

by carefully planting vigorous nursery stock.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the slope, this soil is poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields, dwellings, and local

roads and streets. Overcoming this limitation is difficult

because of the limited depth to bedrock.

The land capability classification is IVe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3R.

FfC—Fenwood silt loam, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, stony

This deep, gently sloping to moderately steep, well

drained soil is on the tops and sides of knolls and

ridges on uplands. Many cobbles and stones are in the

surface layer. Most areas are long and narrow or

irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 240 acres

in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 3 inches thick. Below that is dark

brown silt loam about 6 inches thick. The next layer is

12 inches thick. It is brown and dark yellowish brown. It

is silt loam in the upper part and loam in the lower

part. The subsoil is about 25 inches thick. It is dark

brown. It is gravelly loam in the upper part and cobbly

loam in the lower part. Below this is dark brown very

cobbly loam about 9 inches thick. Fractured igneous

and metamorphic bedrock is at a depth of about 45

inches. The depth to hard bedrock ranges from 40 to

60 inches. In some places the upper part of the soil is

loam or sandy loam. In other places the slope is more

than 15 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Rietbrock soils in the

lower landscape positions. Also included are small

areas of Marathon soils in landscape positions similar
Marathon County, Wisconsin 41

to those of the Fenwood soil, small areas of Fenwood

soils that have bedrock at a depth of more than 60

inches or that do not have cobbles and stones in the

surface layer, areas of soils that have bedrock at a

depth of less than 40 inches or that have a seasonal

high water table at a depth of 3 to 5 feet, and areas of

bedrock outcrop. Marathon soils have less clay in the

subsoil than the Fenwood soil. Inclusions make up 10

to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in this Fenwood soil.

Available water capacity also is moderate. The organic

matter content in the surface layer is moderate or high.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used for unimproved pasture, and a few are

used as wildlife habitat.

This soil is generally unsuited to cultivated crops,

hay, and pasture because of cobbles, stones, and rock

outcrops.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the stones and rock

outcrops. Because of low soil strength, it also is limited

during the spring thaw and during extended periods of

high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome by

restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the depth to bedrock, seepage of

effluent into the fractures and crevices in the bedrock,

and the moderate permeability, this soil is only

moderately suited to septic tank absorption fields.

These limitations can be overcome by constructing a

mound of suitable filtering material.

Because of the shrink-swell potential, the slope,

and the large stones, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings without basements. It is only

moderately suited to dwellings with basements

because of the depth to bedrock, the slope, and the

shrink-swell potential. The shrink-swell potential can

be overcome by excavating the soil and replacing it

with coarse textured material, such as sand or gravel.

The slope can be reduced by cutting and filling with

suitable power equipment, or the dwellings can be

designed so they conform to the natural slope of the

land. The large stones can be removed by mechanical

means, or the elevation of the site can be raised with

coarse textured material, such as sand or gravel. The

depth to bedrock can be overcome by excavating the

bedrock, by raising the site with fill material, or by

constructing dwellings without basements or with

partially exposed basements.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the slope, frost action, and the

shrink-swell potential. The slope can be reduced by

cutting and filling. Cutting can expose the bedrock,

which in turn can be removed by blasting, by using a

jackhammer, or by using suitable power equipment.

Frost action and the shrink-swell potential can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IVe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3X.

FfE—Fenwood silt loam, 15 to 30 percent

slopes, stony

This deep, moderately steep and steep, well

drained soil is on the sides of hills and ridges on

uplands. Many cobbles and stones are in the surface

layer. Most areas are long and narrow or irregular in

shape and range from about 4 to 120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown silt

loam about 4 inches thick. Below this is dark brown silt

loam about 4 inches thick. The next layer is about 12

inches thick. It is yellowish brown and dark yellowish

brown. It is loam in the upper part and gravelly loam in

the lower part. The subsoil is dark yellowish brown

cobbly loam about 13 inches thick. The next layer is

dark yellowish brown very cobbly loam about 8 inches

thick. Fractured igneous and metamorphic bedrock is

at a depth of about 41 inches. The depth to hard

bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. In some places

the upper part of the soil is loam or sandy loam. In

other places the slope is less than 15 or more than 30

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Fenwood soils that do not have cobbles and stones in

the surface layer. Also included are areas of soils that

have bedrock at a depth of less than 40 inches and

areas of bedrock outcrop. Inclusions make up about

10 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in this Fenwood soil.

Available water capacity also is moderate. The organic

matter content in the surface layer is moderate or high.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used for unimproved pasture, and a few are

used as wildlife habitat.

This soil is unsuited to cultivated crops, hay, and

pasture because of the cobbles and stones, the rock

outcrops, and the slope.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the rock outcrops,

the stones, and the slope. Seedling survival on the

steeper slopes facing south or west can be improved

by carefully planting vigorous nursery stock.
42 Soil Survey of

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the slope, this soil is poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields, dwellings, and local

roads and streets. Overcoming this limitation is difficult

because any excavation of the soil exposes the

underlying bedrock.

The land capability classification is VIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3R.

FgB—Fenwood-Rozellville silt loams, 2 to

6 percent slopes

These deep, gently sloping, well drained soils are

on broad knolls and ridgetops on uplands. These soils

cannot be distinguished from each other by their

surface features. Areas generally are irregular in

shape and range from about 10 to 320 acres in size.

They are 40 to 50 percent Fenwood silt loam and 35 to

45 percent Rozellville silt loam. The two soils occur as

areas so intricately intermingled or so small that

separating them in mapping is not practical.

Typically, the Fenwood soil has a very dark grayish

brown silt loam surface layer about 8 inches thick. The

subsurface layer is grayish brown and brown loam

about 4 inches thick. The next layer is brown, dark

yellowish brown, and dark brown loam about 12

inches thick. The subsoil is about 19 inches thick. It is

dark brown. It is gravelly loam in the upper part and

cobbly loam in the lower part. Fractured igneous and

metamorphic bedrock is at a depth of about 43 inches.

The depth to hard bedrock ranges from 40 to 60

inches. In places the surface layer is loam or sandy

loam.

Typically, the Rozellville soil has a very dark grayish

brown silt loam surface layer about 7 inches thick. The

next layer is brown and dark brown silt loam about 7

inches thick. The subsoil is about 21 inches thick. It is

dark brown clay loam in the upper part and yellowish

brown sandy loam in the lower part. The substratum to

a depth of about 60 inches is olive brown gravelly

loam. In places the surface layer is loam or sandy

loam.

Included with these soils in mapping are small

areas of the somewhat poorly drained Rietbrock and

Withee soils in the slightly lower landscape positions.

Also included are small areas of the moderately well

drained Loyal and well drained Marathon and Mosinee

soils in landscape positions similar to those of the

Fenwood and Rozellville soils, areas of the Fenwood

and Rozellville soils that have cobbles and stones in

the surface layer, areas of soils that have a seasonal

high water table at a depth of 3 to 5 feet, and areas of

bedrock outcrop. Loyal soils are underlain by loamy

glacial till at a depth of 60 inches or more. The subsoil

of the Marathon soils has less clay than that of the

Rozellville soil. Also, the Marathon soils have more

gravel in the lower part. The upper part of the Mosinee

soils has more sand and less silt and clay than that of

the Fenwood soil. Included soils make up about 10 to

15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in these Fenwood and

Rozellville soils. Surface runoff is medium. Available

water capacity is moderate in the Fenwood soil and

high in the Rozellville soil. The organic matter content

is moderate in the surface layer of both soils.

Many areas of these soils are used as cropland.

Some are used as woodland, and a few are used for

pasture.

These soils are suited to corn and small grain and

to grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

They also are suited to ginseng. If these soils are

cultivated, water erosion is a slight or moderate

hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel

planting, that leave a protective amount of crop

residue on the surface, contour farming, contour

stripcropping, terraces, and diversions help to prevent

excessive soil loss. The construction of terraces and

diversions on the Fenwood soil is limited by the cobbly

subsoil and the depth to bedrock. A cropping system

that includes rotational hay and pasture also is

effective in controlling water erosion. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

help to prevent excessive soil loss, help to maintain or

increase the organic matter content, and increase the

rate of water infiltration.

These soils are suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

These soils are suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of rainfall. This limitation can be overcome by

restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

These soils are suited to the development of

openland and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation

that provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

The Fenwood soil is only moderately suited to

septic tank absorption fields because of the depth to
Marathon County, Wisconsin 43

bedrock, seepage of the effluent into fractures and

crevices in the bedrock, and the moderate

permeability. Because of moderate permeability, the

Rozellville soil is only moderately suited to septic tank

absorption fields. These limitations can be overcome

by constructing a mound of suitable filtering material.

The Rozellville soil is suited to dwellings. Because

of the shrink-swell potential, the Fenwood soil is only

moderately suited to dwellings without basements. It is

only moderately suited to dwellings with basements

because of the depth to bedrock and the shrink-swell

potential. The shrink-swell potential can be overcome

by excavating the soil and replacing it with coarse

textured material, such as sand or gravel. The depth to

bedrock can be overcome by ripping and excavating

the bedrock with suitable power equipment, by adding

fill material to raise the site, or by constructing

dwellings with only partially exposed basements.

The Fenwood soil is only moderately suited to local

roads and streets because of frost action and the

shrink-swell potential. Because of frost action, the

Rozellville soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets. These limitations can be overcome by

replacing the upper part of the soils with coarse

textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

Fh—Fordum silt loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, poorly drained and very

poorly drained soil is in depressions, overflow

channels, and low areas on flood plains. It also occurs

as islands in large rivers. Many areas are dissected by

old stream channels. This soil is subject to ponding

and frequent flooding of long duration. Most areas are

long and narrow or irregular in shape and range from

about 4 to 200 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown silt

loam about 6 inches thick. The upper part of the

substratum is dark gray, mottled silt loam and fine

sandy loam. The lower part to a depth of about 60

inches is gray sand. In some places the surface layer

is muck, mucky silt loam, mucky loam, loam, mucky

fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, mucky sandy loam,

or sandy loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Cable, Cathro, Dancy, Marshfield, Minocqua, Newson,

Sherry, and Sturgeon soils. Cable, Cathro, Dancy,

Marshfield, Minocqua, Newson, and Sherry soils are

in areas adjacent to streams and rivers where little or

no alluvial material has been deposited. The

somewhat poorly drained Sturgeon soils are in the

slightly higher landscape positions. Also included are

areas along the major rivers where rocks, sand, and

gravel are exposed. Inclusions make up about 10 to 15

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

loamy upper part of this Fordum soil and rapid in the

sandy lower part. Available water capacity is moderate.

The organic matter content is high or very high in the

surface layer. During wet periods a seasonal high

water table is within a depth of 1 foot.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used as wildlife habitat or unimproved

pasture.

This soil is unsuited to cultivated crops because of

wetness and the frequent flooding. Most areas cannot

be drained or protected from flooding.

This soil is generally unsuited to permanent pasture

and hayland because of wetness and the frequent

flooding. A few areas can be used for pasture, but

forage species are restricted to such plants as reed

canarygrass. Proper stocking rates, pasture

renovation, rotational grazing, and timely deferment of

grazing help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness, the

trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock helps

to overcome seedling mortality. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

Mainly because of the flooding and ponding, this

soil is generally unsuited to septic tank absorption

fields, dwellings, and local roads and streets.

Overcoming these hazards is difficult.

The land capability classification is VIw. The

woodland ordination symbol is 2W.

FnB—Freeon silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

This deep, gently sloping, moderately well drained

soil is on broad knolls and ridgetops on ground

moraines. Most areas are irregular in shape and range

from about 4 to 300 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown silt loam

about 9 inches thick. The subsurface layer is brown silt

loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is about 17
44 Soil Survey of

inches thick. It is mottled. It is brown and strong brown

silt loam in the upper part and brown sandy loam in

the lower part. The subsoil is reddish brown sandy

loam about 24 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of about 60 inches is brown sandy loam. In some

places the upper part of the soil is loam or sandy

loam. In other places the substratum is sandy clay

loam, clay loam, loamy sand, or gravelly loamy sand.

In some areas the slope is less than 2 or more than 6

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Magnor soils in the lower

positions on the landscape. Also included are small

areas of Freeon soils that have bedrock at a depth of

40 to 60 inches or have pockets or strata of sand and

gravel in the substratum. Included soils make up about

5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the silty upper part of

this Freeon soil and very slow in the substratum.

Surface runoff is medium. Available water capacity is

moderate. The organic matter content in the surface

layer is moderately low or moderate. During wet

periods a seasonal high water table is at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a slight or

moderate hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such

as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of

crop residue on the surface, contour farming, contour

stripcropping, terraces, and diversions help to prevent

excessive soil loss. A cropping system that includes

rotational hay and pasture also is effective in

controlling water erosion. Proper management of crop

residue and green manure crops help to prevent

excessive soil loss, help to maintain or increase the

organic matter content, and increase the rate of water

infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and the restricted permeability,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. In some areas both of these limitations can be

overcome by constructing a mound of suitable filtering

material. In places the effluent can be pumped to an

absorption field in better suited soils that are higher on

the landscape.

Because of wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings with basements. It is only moderately suited

to dwellings without basements because of the

wetness. The wetness can be overcome by installing a

subsurface drainage system that has a dependable

outlet, such as a gravity outlet, or the site elevation

can be raised by filling.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the wetness and frost action.

The wetness can be overcome by using fill material to

raise the roadbed above the level of wetness or by

increasing the thickness of the subbase. The potential

for frost action can be reduced by replacing the upper

part of the soil with coarse textured base material,

such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3D.

FnC—Freeon silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes

This deep, sloping, moderately well drained soil is

on the tops and sides of knolls and ridges on ground

moraines. Most areas are long and narrow or irregular

in shape and range from about 4 to 120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown silt loam

about 9 inches thick. The next layer is about 12 inches

thick. It is brown and dark yellowish brown silt loam in

the upper part and dark yellowish brown and brown,

mottled silt loam in the lower part. The subsoil is

reddish brown, mottled loam, gravelly loam, and

gravelly sandy loam about 14 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is reddish

brown gravelly sandy loam. In some places the upper

part of the soil is loam or sandy loam. In other places

the substratum is sandy clay loam, clay loam, loamy

sand, or gravelly loamy sand. In some areas the slope

is less than 6 or more than 12 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Amery soils in the slightly higher

landscape positions and the somewhat poorly drained

Magnor soils in lower positions. Also included are

small areas of Freeon soils that have bedrock at a
Marathon County, Wisconsin 45

depth of 40 to 60 inches or that have pockets or strata

of sand and gravel in the substratum. Included soils

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is moderate in the silty upper part of

this Freeon soil and very slow in the substratum.

Surface runoff is medium. Available water capacity is

moderate. The organic matter content in the surface

layer is moderately low or moderate. During wet

periods a seasonal high water table is at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a moderate

hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel

planting, that leave a protective amount of crop

residue on the surface, diversions, terraces, and

contour stripcropping help to prevent excessive soil

loss.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and the restricted permeability,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. In some areas both of these limitations can be

overcome by constructing a mound of suitable filtering

material. In places the effluent can be pumped to an

absorption field in better suited soils that are higher on

the landscape.

Because of wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings with basements. It is only moderately suited

to dwellings without basements because of the

wetness and slope. The wetness can be overcome by

installing a subsurface drainage system that has a

dependable outlet, such as a gravity outlet, or the site

elevation can be raised by filling. The slope can be

reduced by cutting and filling, or the dwellings can be

designed so that they conform to the natural slope of

the land.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the wetness, the slope, and

frost action. The wetness can be overcome by using fill

material to raise the roadbed above the level of

wetness or by increasing the thickness of the subbase.

The slope can be reduced by cutting and filling to

shape the roadway. The potential for frost action can

be reduced by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3D.

GcB—Graycalm loamy sand, 2 to 6

percent slopes

This deep, gently sloping, somewhat excessively

drained soil is in small, convex or concave areas on

flats or knolls. It is on recessional moraines, glacial

lake plains, or outwash plains. Most areas are circular

or irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 160

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown loamy sand about 9 inches thick. The subsoil is

dark brown and strong brown loamy sand about 17

inches thick. Between depths of 26 and 52 inches is

yellowish brown loamy sand that has lamellae of

brown fine sandy loam. The substratum to a depth of

about 60 inches is brownish yellow sand. In some

places the surface layer is sandy loam or sand. In

other places the slope is less than 2 or more than 6

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Graycalm soils in the

slightly lower landscape positions. Also included are

areas of the moderately well drained Alban and

excessively drained or moderately well drained

Mahtomedi soils in landscape positions similar to

those of this Graycalm soil. The upper part of the

Alban soils has more silt and clay than that of the

Graycalm soil. The lower part of the subsoil and the

substratum of the Mahtomedi soils have more gravel

than those of the Graycalm soil. Also, these soils do

not have lamellae of fine sandy loam. Included soils

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Graycalm soil. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderately low or low.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland, and a few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to
46 Soil Survey of

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

irrigated, it also is suited to vegetable crops, such as

potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. It tends to be

droughty during periods of low rainfall and is subject to

soil blowing. Where an adequate water supply is

available, irrigation can supplement rainfall.

Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel planting,

that leave a protective amount of crop residue on the

surface, wind stripcropping, cover crops, and field

windbreaks help to prevent excessive soil loss. A

cropping system that includes rotational hay or

pasture also is effective in controlling soil blowing.

Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to prevent excessive soil loss,

increase the organic matter content, and conserve

moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Seedling survival can be

improved by careful planting of vigorous nursery stock.

The traction of some equipment used for planting and

harvesting is limited when the upper part of the soil is

dry.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

This soil is suited to dwellings and to local roads

and streets. It can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but cannot adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

The land capability classification is IVs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6S.

Gm—Graycalm loamy sand, moderately

well drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes

This deep, nearly level soil is in small, slightly

concave areas on flats. It is on recessional moraines,

glacial lake plains, or outwash plains. Most areas are

circular or irregular in shape and range from about 4 to

200 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown loamy

sand about 9 inches thick. The subsoil is dark brown

and yellowish brown loamy sand about 16 inches

thick. Between the depths of 25 and 49 inches is

brown, mottled loamy sand that has lamellae of dark

brown, mottled fine sandy loam. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is yellowish brown, mottled

sand. In places the surface layer is sandy loam or

sand.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat excessively drained Graycalm soils in

the slightly higher landscape positions and the

somewhat poorly drained Meehan and Plover soils in

the lower positions. Also included are small areas of

the moderately well drained Alban and Mahtomedi

soils in landscape positions similar to those of the

Graycalm soil. The upper part of the Alban soils has

more silt and clay and less sand than that of the

Graycalm soil. The lower part of the subsoil and the

substratum of the Mahtomedi soils have more gravel

than those of the Graycalm soil. Also, these soils do

not have lamellae of fine sandy loam. Included soils

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Graycalm soil. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderately low or low. During wet periods a seasonal

high water table is at a depth of 2.5 to 4.5 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used for pasture or woodland.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

irrigated, it also is suited to vegetable crops, such as

potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. It tends to be

droughty during periods of low rainfall and is subject to

soil blowing. Where an adequate water supply is

available, irrigation can supplement rainfall.

Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel planting,

that leave a protective amount of crop residue on the

surface, wind stripcropping, cover crops, and field

windbreaks help to prevent excessive soil loss. A

cropping system that includes rotational hay or

pasture also is effective in controlling soil blowing.

Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to prevent excessive soil loss,

increase the organic matter content, and conserve

moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Seedling survival can be

improved by careful planting of vigorous nursery stock.

The traction of some equipment used for planting and

harvesting is limited when the upper part of the soil is

dry.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland
Marathon County, Wisconsin 47

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and a poor filtering capacity,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. It can readily absorb the effluent but cannot

adequately filter it. The poor filtering capacity can

result in the pollution of ground water. In some areas

both of these limitations can be overcome by

constructing a mound of suitable filtering material. In

places the effluent can be pumped to an absorption

field in better suited soils that are higher on the

landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings with basements. It is suited to

dwellings without basements. The basement can be

constructed above the level of wetness. Otherwise, the

wetness can be overcome by installing a subsurface

drainage system that has a dependable outlet, such

as a gravity outlet.

This soil is suited to local roads and streets.

The land capability classification is IVs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6S.

Gr—Greenwood peat, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, very poorly drained soil is in

bogs and depressions on ground moraines, outwash

plains, and glacial lake plains. It is subject to ponding.

Most areas are circular or irregular in shape and range

from about 4 to 640 acres in size.

Typically, the organic layer is more than 60 inches

thick. The surface layer is very dark grayish brown

peat about 4 inches thick. Below that is very dark

brown and dark reddish brown mucky peat. In most

places sphagnum moss is growing on the surface.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Hatley and Oesterle

soils in the higher landscape positions. These soils

formed in loamy deposits underlain by sandy deposits.

In places the sandy or loamy deposits are at a depth

of 8 to 60 inches. Included soils make up about 5 to 10

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in this

Greenwood soil. Available water capacity is very high.

The organic matter content in the surface layer also is

very high. During wet periods a seasonal high water

table is within a depth of 1 foot.

Most areas of this soil are used as wildlife habitat. A

few are used as woodland.

This soil is generally unsuited to cultivated crops

and to permanent pasture and hayland because of

extreme acidity, the seasonal high water table, and

frost late in spring and early in fall. Where an adequate

supply of water is available for protection from frost

and for harvesting activities, the soil is suited to

cranberries.

This soil is generally unsuited to trees. Because of

extreme acidity, it does not support trees of

merchantable size and quality.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

This soil is generally unsuited to septic tank

absorption fields, to dwellings, and to local roads and

streets because of subsidence, ponding, low soil

strength, and frost action. Overcoming these

limitations is difficult.

The land capability classification is VIIw in

undrained areas. This soil is not assigned a woodland

ordination symbol.

GuB—Guenther loamy sand, 2 to 6

percent slopes

This deep, gently sloping, moderately well drained

soil is on knolls in the uplands. Most areas are

irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 40 acres

in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown loamy

sand about 9 inches thick. The upper part of the

subsoil is dark brown and brown loamy sand about 17

inches thick. The next part is dark yellowish brown and

brown, mottled loamy sand about 5 inches thick. The

lower part is dark brown, mottled fine sandy loam

about 6 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of

about 60 inches is dark brown and brown, mottled

gravelly loam. In some places the loamy sand in the

upper part of the soil is less than 20 inches or more

than 40 inches thick. In other places the upper part of

the soil is sandy loam or sand. In some areas the

slope is more than 6 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Mosinee soils and the somewhat

poorly drained Meadland and Rockers soils. Mosinee

soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the

Guenther soil. They have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

60 inches. Meadland and Rockers soils are in the

slightly lower landscape positions. Also included are

small areas of Guenther soils that have cobbles and

stones in the surface layer, that have bedrock at a

depth of less than 60 inches, or that do not have a

seasonal high water table within a depth of 6 feet.

Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is rapid in the upper part of the subsoil

in this Guenther soil and moderate in the lower part of
48 Soil Survey of

the subsoil and in the substratum. Surface runoff is

slow. Available water capacity is moderate. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is low.

During wet periods a seasonal high water table is at a

depth of 2.5 to 6.0 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

Water erosion is a slight hazard. Also, soil blowing is a

hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel

planting, that leave a protective amount of crop

residue on the surface, contour stripcropping, and

contour farming help to prevent excessive water

erosion. Cover crops, wind stripcropping, conservation

tillage, and field windbreaks help to prevent excessive

soil blowing. A cropping system that includes rotational

hay and pasture also helps to prevent excessive soil

loss. Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to reduce soil loss, maintain or

increase the organic matter content, and increase the

rate of water infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and a poor filtering capacity,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. It can readily absorb the effluent but does not

adequately filter it. The poor filtering capacity can

result in the pollution of ground water. In some areas

both of these limitations can be overcome by

constructing a mound of suitable filtering material. In

places the effluent can be pumped to an absorption

field in better suited soils that are higher on the

landscape.

Because of wetness and the shrink-swell potential,

this soil is only moderately suited to dwellings with

basements. It is suited to dwellings without basements.

The wetness can be overcome by installing a

subsurface drainage system that has a dependable

outlet, such as a gravity outlet. The shrink-swell

potential can be overcome by removing the soil

around and below the basement excavation and

replacing it with coarse textured base material, such

as sand or gravel.

This soil is suited to local roads and streets.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 4A.

HtB—Hatley silt loam, 1 to 6 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and undulating, somewhat

poorly drained soil is in slight depressions and in

areas adjacent to drainageways on terminal,

recessional, and ground moraines. Most areas are

irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 80 acres

in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 8 inches thick. The next layer is

about 12 inches thick. It is mottled. It is brown and

dark yellowish brown silt loam in the upper part and

dark brown and dark yellowish brown loam in the

lower part. The subsoil is dark brown, mottled loam

and sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The substratum

to a depth of about 60 inches is dark brown, mottled

loamy sand. In places the upper part of the soil is

sandy loam or loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Kennan soils in the higher landscape

positions. Also included are small areas of Oesterle

soils in landscape positions similar to those of the

Hatley soil, areas of Hatley soils that have bedrock at

a depth of less than 60 inches or that have stones and

boulders in the surface layer, and areas of soils that

have a seasonal high water table at a depth of less

than 1 foot or more than 3 feet during wet periods.

Oesterle soils typically have a substratum of sand.

Included soils make up about 10 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this

Hatley soil and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum. Surface runoff is slow or medium.

Available water capacity is moderate. The organic

matter content in the surface layer is moderate. During

wet periods a seasonal high water table is at a depth

of 1 to 3 feet.

Most areas of this soil are used as cropland. A few

are used for pasture or woodland.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a slight or

moderate hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such

as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of

crop residue on the surface, terraces, diversions,

cover crops, and contour stripcropping help to prevent

excessive soil loss. Excess water is a problem, mainly

in the less sloping areas. It limits the choice of crops or

results in crop damage in most years. It also delays
Marathon County, Wisconsin 49

field preparation, planting, or harvest. Land smoothing,

surface drains, and diversions help to remove this

water.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness, the

trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Harvesting is frequently limited to

periods when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut

or area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow

of the remaining trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields. In some places this

limitation can be overcome by constructing a filtering

mound of suitable material. In other places the effluent

can be pumped to an absorption field in better suited

soils that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3W.

HyB—Hatley cobbly silt loam, 1 to 6

percent slopes, bouldery

This deep, nearly level and undulating, somewhat

poorly drained soil is in slight depressions and in

areas adjacent to drainageways on terminal,

recessional, and ground moraines. Many boulders and

stones are in the surface layer. Most areas are

irregular in shape and range from about 10 to 320

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown cobbly silt loam about 5 inches thick. Below this

is dark brown cobbly silt loam about 3 inches thick.

The next layer is about 12 inches thick. It is mottled. It

is brown and dark brown cobbly silt loam in the upper

part and dark brown and brown loam in the lower part.

The subsoil is dark brown, mottled loam about 12

inches thick. The next 12 inches is dark brown, mottled

sandy loam. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is brown, mottled loamy sand. In places the

upper part of the soil is sandy loam or loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Kennan soils in the higher landscape

positions. Also included are areas of soils that have a

sand or gravelly sand substratum, that have bedrock

within a depth of 60 inches, that have a seasonal high

water table at a depth of less than 1 foot or more than

3 feet during wet periods, or that do not have boulders

and stones in the surface layer. Included soils make up

about 10 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this

Hatley soil and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum. Available water capacity is moderate. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or high. During wet periods a seasonal high water

table is at a depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used for pasture or wildlife habitat.

This soil is generally unsuited to corn and small

grain and to grasses and legumes for rotational hay or

pasture, but it is suited if the stones and boulders are

removed. Removal of the stones and boulders is

difficult and costly. If the soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a slight or moderate hazard. Conservation

tillage practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

terraces, diversions, cover crops, and contour

stripcropping help to prevent excessive soil loss.

Excess water is a problem, mainly in areas where the

slope is less than 2 percent. The wetness is especially

a problem in spring. The excess water can delay field

preparation and planting. Land smoothing, surface

drains, and diversions help to remove this water.

This soil is generally unsuited to permanent pasture

and hayland, but it is suited if the stones and boulders

are removed. Removal of the stones and boulders is

difficult and costly. Proper stocking rates, pasture

renovation, rotational grazing, and timely deferment of

grazing help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Planting and harvesting

by machine is limited by the stones and boulders and

by wetness. Harvesting is frequently limited to periods

when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut or

area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow of

the remaining trees. Competing vegetation interferes
50 Soil Survey of

with natural regeneration following harvest. It can be

controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields. In some places this

limitation can be overcome by constructing a filtering

mound of suitable material. In other places the effluent

can be pumped to an absorption field in better suited

soils that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3X.

KaB—Kennan sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

This deep, undulating and rolling, well drained soil

is on knolls and the tops of ridges on terminal and

recessional moraines and on drumlins. Most areas are

irregular in shape and range from about 10 to 120

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The

subsurface layer is brown sandy loam about 4 inches

thick. Below this is brown and dark brown sandy loam

about 14 inches thick. The subsoil to a depth more

than 60 inches is dark brown sandy loam. In some

places the upper part of the soil is silt loam, loam, or

loamy sand. In other places the slope is less than 2 or

more than 8 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Hatley soils in the lower

landscape positions and small areas of the somewhat

excessively drained Chetek and well drained Rosholt

soils. Chetek and Rosholt soils are in landscape

positions similar to those of the Kennan soil. They

have more gravel in the lower part of the subsoil and in

the substratum than does Kennan soils. Also included

are areas of Kennan soils that have stones and

boulders in the surface layer. Included soils make up

about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of Kennan

soil and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum. Surface runoff is slow. Available water

capacity is moderate. The organic matter content in

the surface layer is moderate or moderately low.

Most areas of this soil are used as cropland. A few

are used for pasture or woodland.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a slight or moderate hazard. Also, soil

blowing is a hazard. Conservation tillage practices,

such as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface, terraces, contour

stripcropping, contour farming, and a cropping system

that includes rotational hay and pasture help to

prevent excessive water erosion. Wind stripcropping,

cover crops, conservation tillage, and field windbreaks

help to prevent excessive soil blowing. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

help to reduce soil loss, maintain or increase the

organic matter content, and increase the rate of water

infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of some harvesting or planting

equipment may be limited during the spring thaw and

during extended periods of high rainfall. This limitation

can be overcome by restricting the use of equipment

during these times. Competing vegetation interferes

with natural regeneration following harvest. It can be

controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil is suited to septic tank absorption fields

and to dwellings. Because of frost action, it is only

moderately suited to local roads and streets. This

limitation can be overcome by replacing the upper part

of the soil with coarse textured base material, such as

sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 51

KaC—Kennan sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

This deep, rolling and hilly, well drained soil is on

knolls and on the sides and tops of ridges and hills on

terminal and recessional moraines and on drumlins.

Most areas are irregular in shape and range from

about 10 to 200 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sandy

loam about 8 inches thick. The next layer is brown and

dark brown sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The

subsoil is dark brown sandy loam about 22 inches

thick. The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

brown loamy sand. In some places the upper part of

the soil is silt loam, loam, or loamy sand. In other

places the slope is less than 8 or more than 15

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Hatley soils in the lower

landscape positions and small areas of the somewhat

excessively drained Chetek soils. Chetek soils are in

landscape positions similar to those of the Kennan

soil. They have more gravel in the lower part of the

subsoil and in the substratum than does the Kennan

soil. Also included are areas of Kennan soils that have

stones and boulders in the surface layer. Included soils

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this

Kennan soil and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum. Surface runoff is medium. Available water

capacity is moderate. The organic matter content in

the surface layer is moderate or moderately low.

Most areas of this soil are used as cropland. A few

are used for pasture or woodland.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a moderate hazard. The complex slopes

generally limit the erosion-control measures that can

be used on this soil. Effective measures include a

conservation tillage system, such as chisel planting,

that leaves a protective amount of crop residue on the

surface and a cropping system that includes rotational

hay and pasture. Proper management of crop residue

and green manure crops help to control water erosion,

maintain or increase the organic matter content, and

increase the rate of water infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of some harvesting or planting

equipment can be limited during the spring thaw and

during extended periods of high rainfall. This limitation

can be overcome by restricting the use of equipment

during these times. Competing vegetation interferes

with natural regeneration following harvest. It can be

controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the slope, this soil is only moderately

suited to septic tank absorption fields. The slope can

be reduced by cutting and filling, or a trench

absorption system can be installed on the contour.

Because of the slope, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings. The slope can be reduced by

cutting and filling, or the dwellings can be designed so

that they conform to the natural slope of the land.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the slope and frost action. The

slope can be reduced by cutting and filling to shape

the roadway. The potential for frost action can be

reduced by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

KaD2—Kennan sandy loam, 15 to 30

percent slopes, eroded

This deep, hilly or very hilly, well drained soil is on

the sides of hills and ridges on terminal and

recessional moraines and on drumlins. Most areas are

irregular in shape or long and narrow and range from

about 4 to 20 acres in size.

In many cultivated areas the original surface layer

and subsurface layer have been removed by water

erosion. Typically, the present surface layer is brown

sandy loam about 7 inches thick. The next layer is dark

brown and brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick.

The subsoil is about 27 inches thick. It is dark brown. It

is sandy loam in the upper part and loamy sand in the

lower part. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is brown loamy sand. In some places the soil is

not eroded and has a surface layer of dark brown silt

loam, loam, or sandy loam and a subsurface layer of

brown and dark brown silt loam, loam, or sandy loam.

In other places the slope is less than 15 or more than

30 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat excessively drained Chetek soils. These
52 Soil Survey of

soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the

Kennan soil. They have more gravel in the lower part

of the subsoil and in the substratum than does the

Kennan soil. Also included are small areas of Kennan

soils that are loamy sand in the upper part, that have

stones and boulders in the surface layer, or in which

the original surface layer, the subsurface layer, and the

upper part of the subsoil have been removed by

erosion. Included soils make up about 10 to 15

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this

Kennan soil and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum. Surface runoff is rapid. Available water

capacity is moderate. The organic matter content in

the surface layer is low.

Most areas of this soil are used as cropland. A few

are used for pasture or woodland.

Because of a severe hazard of water erosion, this

soil generally is unsuited to row crops. The less

sloping areas are suited to small grain and to grasses

and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. Many

areas are eroded. The complex slopes generally limit

the erosion-control measures that can be used on this

soil. Effective measures include a conservation tillage

system, such as chisel planting, that leaves a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface and a

cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture. Proper management of crop residue and

green manure crops help to control water erosion,

maintain or increase the organic matter content, and

increase the rate of water infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Slope and plant

competition are the main management concerns. Also,

because of low soil strength, the use of harvesting or

planting equipment is limited during the spring thaw

and during extended periods of high rainfall. This

limitation can be overcome by restricting the use of

equipment during these times. Planting the trees on

the contour and carefully locating skid roads during

harvest minimize erosion. Seedling survival on the

steeper slopes facing south or west can be improved

by carefully planting vigorous nursery stock.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland habitat. The vegetation that provides

food and cover can be planted or can naturally

regenerate.

Because of slope, this soil is poorly suited to septic

tank absorption fields, dwellings, and local roads and

streets. The slope can be reduced by cutting and

filling. Also, a trench absorption system can be

installed on the contour, dwellings can be designed so

that they conform to the natural slope of the land, and

roads can be constructed in the less sloping areas.

The land capability classification is VIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3R.

KeB—Kennan sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes, bouldery

This deep, undulating and rolling, well drained soil

is on knolls and the tops of ridges on terminal and

recessional moraines and on drumlins. Many boulders

and stones are in the surface layer. Most areas are

irregular in shape and range from about 10 to 320

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown sandy

loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is dark

brown sandy loam about 5 inches thick. Below this is

brown and dark brown sandy loam about 23 inches

thick. The subsoil to a depth of more than 60 inches is

dark brown sandy loam. In some places the upper part

of the soil is silt loam, loam, or loamy sand. In other

places the slope is more than 8 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Hatley soils in the lower

landscape positions and small areas of the somewhat

excessively drained Chetek and well drained Rosholt

soils. Chetek and Rosholt soils are in landscape

positions similar to those of the Kennan soil. They

have more gravel in the lower part of the subsoil and in

the substratum than does the Kennan soil. Also

included are areas of Kennan soils that have been

cleared of stones and boulders or that naturally have

few of these rock fragments. Included soils make up

about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this

Kennan soil and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum. Available water capacity is moderate. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or high.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used for pasture.

This soil is generally unsuited to corn and small

grain and to grasses and legumes for rotational hay

and pasture, but it is suited if the stones and boulders

are removed. Removal of these stones and boulders is

difficult and costly. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a slight or moderate hazard. Conservation

tillage practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

contour stripcropping, contour farming, and a cropping
Marathon County, Wisconsin 53

system that includes rotational hay or pasture help to

prevent excessive soil loss. Proper management of

crop residue and green manure crops help to control

water erosion, maintain or increase the organic matter

content, and increase the rate of water infiltration.

This soil is generally unsuited to permanent pasture

and hayland, but it is suited if the stones and boulders

are removed. Removal of these stones and boulders is

difficult and costly. Proper stocking rates, pasture

renovation, rotational grazing, and timely deferment of

grazing help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the stones and

boulders. Because of low soil strength, it also is limited

during the spring thaw and during extended periods of

high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome by

restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the large stones, this soil is only

moderately suited to septic tank absorption fields and

dwellings. The large stones and boulders can be

removed by mechanical means.

This soil is moderately suited to local roads and

streets because of frost action and the large stones.

The potential for frost action can be reduced by

replacing the upper part of the soil with coarse

textured base material, such as sand or gravel. The

large stones and boulders can be removed by

mechanical means.

The land capability classification IIIs. The woodland

ordination symbol is 3X.

KeC—Kennan sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes, bouldery

This deep, rolling and hilly, well drained soil is on

knolls and on the sides and tops of ridges and hills on

terminal and recessional moraines and on drumlins.

Many boulders and stones are in the surface layer.

Most areas are irregular in shape and range from

about 10 to 640 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is black sandy loam

about 3 inches thick. The next layer is dark brown

sandy loam about 5 inches thick. Below this is brown

and dark brown sandy loam about 23 inches thick. The

subsoil is dark brown sandy loam about 25 inches

thick. The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

brown loamy sand. In some places the upper part of

the soil is silt loam, loam, or loamy sand. In other

places the slope is less than 8 or more than 15

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Hatley soils in the lower

landscape positions and small areas of the somewhat

excessively drained Chetek and excessively drained

Mahtomedi soils. Chetek and Mahtomedi soils are in

landscape positions similar to those of the Kennan

soil. They have more gravel in the lower part of the

subsoil and in the substratum than does the Kennan

soil. Mahtomedi soils are sandy throughout. Also

included are areas of Kennan soils that have been

cleared of the stones and boulders or that naturally

have few of these rock fragments. Included soils make

up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this

Kennan soil and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum. Available water capacity is moderate. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or high.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used for pasture.

This soil is generally unsuited to corn and small

grain and to grasses and legumes for rotational hay

and pasture, but it is suited if the stones and boulders

are removed. Removal of these stones and boulders is

difficult and costly. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a moderate hazard. The complex slopes

generally limit the erosion-control measures that can

be used on this soil. Effective measures include a

conservation tillage system, such as chisel planting,

that leave a protective amount of crop residue on the

surface and a cropping system that includes rotational

hay and pasture. Proper management of crop residue

and green manure crops help to control water erosion,

maintain or increase the organic matter content, and

increase the rate of water infiltration.

This soil is generally unsuited to permanent pasture

and hayland, but it is suited if the stones and boulders

are removed. Removal of these stones and boulders is

difficult and costly. Proper stocking rates, pasture

renovation, rotational grazing, and timely deferment of

grazing help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the stones and

boulders. Because of low soil strength, it also is limited

during the spring thaw and during extended periods of

high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome by

restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.
54 Soil Survey of

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the slope and the large stones, this soil

is only moderately suited to septic tank absorption

fields and to dwellings. The slope can be reduced by

cutting and filling. Also, a trench absorption system

can be installed on the contour, and dwellings can be

designed so that they conform to the natural slope of

the land. The large stones and boulders can be

removed by mechanical means.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the slope, frost action, and the

large stones. The slope can be reduced by cutting and

filling to shape the roadway, or the road can be built in

the less sloping areas. The potential for frost action

can be reduced by replacing the upper part of the soil

with coarse textured base material, such as sand or

gravel. The large stones and boulders can be removed

by mechanical means.

The land capability classification is IVe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3X.

KeE—Kennan sandy loam, 15 to 30

percent slopes, bouldery

This deep, hilly and very hilly, well drained soil is on

the sides of hills and ridges on terminal and

recessional moraines and on drumlins. Many boulders

and stones are in the surface layer. Most areas are

irregular in shape or long and narrow and range from

about 10 to 240 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown sandy

loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is dark

brown cobbly sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The

subsurface layer is brown sandy loam about 7 inches

thick. Below this is brown and dark brown sandy loam

about 19 inches thick. The subsoil is reddish brown

and dark brown sandy loam about 25 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is brown

loamy sand. In some places the upper part of the soil

is silt loam, loam, or loamy sand. In other places the

slope is less than 15 or more than 30 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat excessively drained Chetek soils and

the excessively drained Mahtomedi soils. Both soils

are in landscape positions similar to those of the

Kennan soil. They have more gravel in the lower part

of the subsoil and in the substratum than does the

Kennan soil. Mahtomedi soils are sandy throughout.

Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this

Kennan soil and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum. Available water capacity is moderate. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or high.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used for pasture.

This soil is generally unsuited to corn and small

grain and to grasses and legumes for rotational hay

and pasture because of the stones and boulders.

Removal of these stones and boulders is difficult and

costly. Where the stones and boulders are removed,

the soil is generally unsuited to row crops because

water erosion is a severe hazard. Cleared areas are

suited to small grain and to grasses and legumes for

rotational hay and pasture. Many cultivated areas are

eroded. The complex slopes generally limit the

erosion-control measures that can be used on this soil.

Effective measures include a conservation tillage

system, such as chisel planting, that leaves a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface and a

cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture. Proper management of crop residue and

green manure crops help to control water erosion,

maintain or increase the organic matter content, and

increase the rate of water infiltration.

This soil is generally unsuited to permanent pasture

and hayland, but it is suited if the stones and boulders

are removed. Removal of these stones and boulders is

difficult and costly. Proper stocking rates, pasture

renovation, rotational grazing, and timely deferment of

grazing help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Slope, the large stones

and boulders, and plant competition are the main

management concerns. Seedling survival on the

steeper slopes facing south or west can be improved

by carefully planting vigorous nursery stock. The use

of some planting and harvesting equipment is limited

by the slope and the stones and boulders. Because of

low soil strength, it also is limited during the spring

thaw and during extended periods of high rainfall. This

limitation can be overcome by restricting the use of

equipment during these times. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the slope, this soil is poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields, to dwellings, and to local

roads and streets. The slope can be reduced by

cutting and filling. Also, a trench absorption system

can be installed on the contour, dwellings can be
Marathon County, Wisconsin 55

designed so that they conform to the natural slope of

the land, and roads can be built in the less sloping

areas.

The land capability classification is VIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3R.

LDF—Landfill

This map unit consists of areas where accumulated

waste products of human habitation have been

deposited. The areas can be above or below the

ground.

No land capability classification has been assigned.

LoB—Loyal silt loam, 1 to 6 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

moderately well drained soil is on broad knolls and

ridgetops on ground moraines. Most areas are

irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 1,000

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 9 inches thick. The subsurface

layer is brown, mottled silt loam about 5 inches thick.

The next layer is about 11 inches thick. It is mottled. It

is brown silt loam in the upper part and reddish brown

and brown loam in the lower part. The subsoil is

reddish brown, mottled loam about 24 inches thick.

The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

reddish brown, mottled loam. In some places the

substratum is loamy material weathered from igneous

and metamorphic bedrock. In places in southwestern

Spencer Township, sandstone bedrock is at a depth of

less than 60 inches. In some areas the slope is more

than 6 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Fenwood and Rozellville soils and the

somewhat poorly drained Rietbrock and Withee soils.

Fenwood and Rozellville soils are in landscape

positions similar to those of the Loyal soil. Rietbrock

and Withee soils are in the lower concave positions.

Rietbrock soils have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60

inches. Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent

of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the silty upper part of

this Loyal soil and extremely slow to slow in the loamy

till. Surface runoff is medium. Available water capacity

is high. The organic matter content in the surface layer

is moderately low or moderate. During wet periods a

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.0 to 2.5

feet.

Most areas of this soil are used as cropland. A few

are used as woodland or for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a slight or

moderate hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such

as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of

crop residue on the surface, contour farming, contour

stripcropping, terraces, and diversions help to prevent

excessive soil loss. A cropping system that includes

rotational hay and pasture also is effective in

controlling water erosion. Proper management of crop

residue and green manure crops help to prevent

excessive soil loss, help to maintain or increase the

organic matter content, and increase the rate of water

infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicide or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. Vegetation for food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and the restricted permeability,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. In some areas both of these limitations can be

overcome by constructing a mound of suitable filtering

material. In places the effluent can be pumped to an

absorption field in better suited soils that are higher on

the landscape.

Because of wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings with basements. It is only moderately suited

to dwellings without basements because of the

wetness. The wetness can be overcome by installing a

subsurface drainage system that has a dependable

outlet, such as a gravity outlet, or the site elevation

can be raised by filling.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of wetness and frost action. The

wetness can be overcome by using fill material to raise

the roadbed above the level of wetness or by

increasing the thickness of the subbase. The potential

for frost action can be reduced by replacing the upper
56 Soil Survey of

part of the soil with coarse textured base material,

such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

LoC—Loyal silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes

This deep, sloping, moderately well drained soil is

on the tops and sides of knolls and ridges on ground

moraines. Most areas are long and narrow or irregular

in shape and range from about 4 to 120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 8 inches thick. The subsurface

layer is brown, mottled silt loam about 5 inches thick.

The next layer is about 10 inches thick. It is mottled. It

is brown silt loam in the upper part and reddish brown

and brown loam in the lower part. The subsoil is

reddish brown, mottled loam about 21 inches thick.

The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

reddish brown, mottled loam. In some places the

substratum is loamy material weathered from igneous

and metamorphic bedrock. In some areas the slope is

less than 6 or more than 12 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Fenwood and Rozellville soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the Loyal soil.

Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the silty upper part of

this Loyal soil and extremely slow to slow in the loamy

till. Surface runoff is medium. Available water capacity

is high. The organic matter content in the surface layer

is moderately low or moderate. During wet periods a

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.0 to 2.5

feet.

Most areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a moderate

hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel

planting, that leave a protective amount of crop

residue on the surface, contour stripcropping,

terraces, and diversions help to prevent excessive soil

loss. A cropping system that includes rotational hay

and pasture also is effective in controlling water

erosion. Proper management of crop residue and

green manure crops help to prevent excessive soil

loss, help to maintain or increase the organic matter

content, and increase the rate of water infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicide or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and the restricted permeability,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. In some areas both of these limitations can be

overcome by constructing a mound of suitable filtering

material. In places the effluent can be pumped to an

absorption field in better suited soils that are higher on

the landscape.

Because of wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings with basements. It is only moderately suited

to dwellings without basements because of the

wetness and the slope. The wetness can be overcome

by installing a subsurface drainage system that has a

dependable outlet, such as a gravity outlet, or the site

elevation can be raised by filling. The slope can be

reduced by cutting and filling, or the dwellings can be

designed so that they conform to the natural slope of

the land.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of wetness, the slope, and frost

action. The wetness can be overcome by using fill

material to raise the roadbed above the level of

wetness or by increasing the thickness of the subbase.

The slope can be reduced by cutting and filling. The

potential for frost action can be reduced by replacing

the upper part of the soil with coarse textured base

material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

MaB—Magnor silt loam, 0 to 4 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil is in concave areas on

broad ground moraines. Most areas are irregular in

shape and range from about 20 to 2,500 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish
Marathon County, Wisconsin 57

brown silt loam about 10 inches thick. The next layer is

about 14 inches thick. It is mottled. It is pale brown and

strong brown silt loam in the upper part and yellowish

red and pinkish gray sandy loam in the lower part. The

subsoil is yellowish red and reddish brown, mottled

sandy loam about 26 inches thick. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is dark reddish brown

gravelly sandy loam. In some places the subsoil and

substratum are loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. In

other places the upper part of the soil is loam or sandy

loam. In some areas the slope is less than 1 or more

than 6 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the poorly drained and very poorly drained Cable soils,

the moderately well drained Freeon soils, and the well

drained Amery soils. Cable soils are in drainageways

and depressions. Amery and Freeon soils are on the

convex tops and sides of knolls. Also included are

areas of Magnor soils that have cobbles and stones in

the surface layer, that have pockets or strata of gravel,

sand, or loamy sand in the substratum, or that have

bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Included soils

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is moderate in the silty upper part of

this Magnor soil and extremely slow to slow in the

loamy subsoil and substratum. Surface runoff is

medium or slow. Available water capacity is moderate.

The organic matter content in the surface layer also is

moderate. During wet periods a seasonal high water

table is at a depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a slight hazard.

Cover crops and conservation tillage practices, such

as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of

crop residue on the surface help to prevent excessive

soil loss. Excess water also is a problem. It limits the

choice of crops or results in crop damage during most

years. The wetness also delays field preparation,

planting, or harvest. Land smoothing, surface drains,

and diversions help to remove this water.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of the wetness,

the trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock helps

to overcome seedling mortality. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and the restricted

permeability, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. In some areas the effluent can be

pumped to an absorption field in better suited soils

that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads and streets

because of the wetness and frost action. The wetness

can be overcome by using fill material to raise the

roadbed above the wetness level or lowering the

seasonal water table by installing a subsurface

drainage system. The potential for frost action can be

overcome by installing a subsurface drainage system

in the roadbed or by replacing the upper part of the

soil with coarse textured base material, such as sand

or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3W.

MbB—Mahtomedi loamy sand, 0 to 6

percent slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

excessively drained soil is on broad or narrow flats

and knolls on stream terraces and outwash plains.

Most areas are irregular in shape and range from

about 10 to 800 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown loamy

sand about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is about 16

inches thick. It is dark brown. It is loamy sand in the

upper part and gravelly loamy sand in the lower part.

The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is light

brown gravelly coarse sand. In some places the

surface layer is sandy loam or gravelly loamy sand. In

other places the subsoil and substratum are sand or

have thin strata of loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine

sandy loam. In some areas the slope is more than 6

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
58 Soil Survey of

the moderately well drained Mahtomedi soils in the

slightly lower landscape positions. Also included are

small areas of the somewhat excessively drained

Chetek soils in landscape positions similar to those of

the Mahtomedi soil. Chetek soils have more silt and

clay in the upper part than does the Mahtomedi soil.

Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Mahtomedi soil. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is low or

very low.

Most areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

areas have been planted to trees or developed as

building sites.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

tends to be droughty during periods of low rainfall and

is subject to soil blowing. Where an adequate water

supply is available, irrigation can supplement rainfall. If

irrigated, the soil is suited to vegetable crops, such as

potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. Conservation

tillage practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface, wind

stripcropping, cover crops, and field windbreaks help

to prevent excessive soil loss. A cropping system that

includes rotational hay and pasture also is effective in

controlling soil blowing. Proper management of crop

residue and green manure crops help to prevent

excessive soil loss, increase the organic matter

content, and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Seedling survival can be

improved by careful planting of vigorous nursery stock.

The traction of some equipment used for planting and

harvesting is limited when the upper part of the soil is

dry.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

This soil is suited to dwellings and to local roads

and streets. It can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

The land capability classification is IVs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6S.

MbC—Mahtomedi loamy sand, 6 to 15

percent slopes

This deep, sloping and moderately steep,

excessively drained soil is on the sides of ridges and

knolls on stream terraces and outwash plains. Most

areas are long and narrow or irregular in shape and

range from about 4 to 80 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown loamy

sand about 6 inches thick. The subsoil is about 17

inches thick. It is dark brown loamy sand in the upper

part and strong brown gravelly loamy coarse sand in

the lower part. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is yellowish brown gravelly coarse sand. In

some places the surface layer is sandy loam or

gravelly loamy sand. In other places the subsoil and

substratum are sand or have thin strata of loamy sand,

loamy fine sand, or fine sandy loam. In some areas

the slope is less than 6 or more than 15 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Mahtomedi soils in the

lower landscape positions. Also included are small

areas of the somewhat excessively drained Chetek

soils in landscape positions similar to those of the

Mahtomedi soil. Chetek soils have more silt and clay in

the upper part than does the Mahtomedi soil. Included

soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual

mapped areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Mahtomedi soil. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is low or

very low.

Some areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

have been planted to trees or are used for pasture.

This soil is poorly suited to corn and small grain and

to grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

It tends to be droughty during periods of low rainfall

and is subject to soil blowing. Where an adequate

water supply is available, irrigation can supplement

rainfall. Because of the slope, however, some types of

irrigation equipment do not function properly. If

irrigated, the soil is suited to vegetable crops, such as

potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. Conservation

tillage practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface, wind

stripcropping, cover crops, and field windbreaks help

to prevent excessive soil loss. A cropping system that

includes rotational hay and pasture also is effective in

controlling soil blowing. Proper management of crop

residue and green manure crops help to prevent

excessive soil loss, increase the organic matter

content, and conserve moisture.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 59

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Seedling survival can be

improved by careful planting of vigorous nursery stock.

The traction of some equipment used for planting and

harvesting is limited when the upper part of the soil is

dry.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

This soil can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

Because of slope, this soil is only moderately suited

to dwellings and to local roads and streets. The slope

can be reduced by cutting and filling. Also, dwellings

can be designed so that they conform to the natural

slope of the land.

The land capability classification is IVs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6S.

MbE—Mahtomedi loamy sand, 15 to 45

percent slopes

This deep, moderately steep to very steep,

excessively drained soil is on escarpments and on the

sides of hills and ridges on stream terraces and

outwash plains. Most areas are long and narrow and

range from about 4 to 80 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown loamy

sand about 3 inches thick. The subsoil is about 13

inches thick. It is dark brown. It is loamy sand in the

upper part and gravelly loamy coarse sand in the

lower part. The next layer is strong brown gravelly

coarse sand about 5 inches thick. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is light yellowish brown

gravelly coarse sand. In some places the surface layer

is sandy loam or gravelly loamy sand. In other places

the subsoil and substratum are sand or have thin

strata of fine sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sandy

loam. In some areas the slope is less than 15 or more

than 45 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat excessively drained Chetek soils. These

soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the

Mahtomedi soil. They have more silt and clay in the

upper part than does the Mahtomedi soil. Also

included are areas where erosion has removed the

upper part of the Mahtomedi soil. Included soils make

up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Mahtomedi soil.

Available water capacity is low. The organic matter

content in the surface layer is very low or low.

Most areas are used as woodland or unimproved

pasture.

This soil is generally unsuited to corn and small

grain and to grasses and legumes for rotational hay

and pasture because of the low available water

capacity, the slope, and the hazards of water erosion

and soil blowing. Maintaining a permanent cover of

vegetation is the best way to control soil loss.

Permanently vegetated areas can be used for

pasture. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Seedling survival can be

improved by careful planting of vigorous nursery stock.

The use of some planting and harvesting equipment

can be limited by the slope and by poor traction when

the upper part of the soil is dry. Planting trees on the

contour and carefully locating skid roads during

harvest minimize erosion.

This soil is poorly suited to the development of

wildlife habitat. Because of excessive soil drainage

and the slope, establishing the vegetation that

provides food and cover is difficult.

Because of the slope, this soil is poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields, dwellings, and local

roads and streets. This limitation can be overcome by

cutting and filling. Also, a trench absorption system

can be installed on the contour in places. Although the

soil can readily absorb the effluent in septic tank

absorption fields, it does not adequately filter it. The

poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water. Dwellings can be designed so that they

conform to the natural slope of the land, and roads

can be constructed in the less sloping areas.

The land capability classification is VIIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6R.

McA—Mahtomedi loamy sand, moderately

well drained, 0 to 3 percent slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

moderately well drained soil is on broad or narrow flats

adjacent to lower depressional areas on stream

terraces and outwash plains. Most areas are irregular

in shape and range from about 4 to 480 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish
60 Soil Survey of

brown loamy sand about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is

about 12 inches thick. It is dark yellowish brown loamy

sand in the upper part and dark brown gravelly loamy

coarse sand in the lower part. The next layer is dark

brown gravelly coarse sand about 7 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is gravelly

sand. It is strong brown in the upper part and light

yellowish brown and mottled in the lower part. In some

places the surface layer is sandy loam. In other places

the subsoil and substratum are sand or have thin

strata of loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sandy

loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the excessively drained Mahtomedi and somewhat

excessively drained Chetek soils in the higher

landscape positions and the somewhat poorly drained

Meehan and Oesterle soils in the lower positions. Also

included are small areas of Scott Lake soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the Mahtomedi

soil. Scott Lake soils have more silt and clay in the

upper part than does the Mahtomedi soil. Included

soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual

mapped areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Mahtomedi soil. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is low or

very low. During wet periods a seasonal high water

table is at a depth of 2.5 to 6.0 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

have been planted to trees or are used for pasture.

This soil is poorly suited to corn and small grain and

to grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

It tends to be droughty during periods of low rainfall

and is subject to soil blowing. Where an adequate

water supply is available, irrigation can supplement

rainfall. If irrigated, the soil is suited to vegetable crops,

such as potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans.

Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel planting,

that leave a protective amount of crop residue on the

surface, wind stripcropping, cover crops, and field

windbreaks help to prevent excessive soil loss. A

cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture also is effective in controlling soil blowing.

Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to prevent excessive soil loss,

increase the organic matter content, and conserve

moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. The traction of some

equipment used for planting and harvesting is limited

when the upper part of the soil is dry.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and a poor filtering capacity,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. It can readily absorb the effluent but does not

adequate filter it. The poor filtering capacity can result

in the pollution of ground water. In some areas both of

the limitations can be overcome by constructing a

mound of suitable filtering material. In places the

effluent can be pumped to an absorption field in better

suited soils that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings with basements. It is suited to

dwellings without basements. The basement can be

constructed above the level of wetness.

This soil is suited to local roads and streets.

The land capability classification is IVs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 6S.

MdB—Marathon silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

This deep, gently sloping, well drained soil is on

broad knolls and ridgetops in the uplands. Most areas

are irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 320

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown silt

loam about 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is

brown silt loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is

brown, dark yellowish brown, and dark brown silt loam

about 19 inches thick. The subsoil is about 28 inches

thick. It is brown and dark brown very gravelly coarse

sandy loam in the upper part and dark brown, strong

brown, and yellowish red extremely gravelly loamy

coarse sand in the lower part. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is strong brown extremely

gravelly loamy coarse sand. In some places the

substratum is very gravelly or extremely gravelly

sandy loam. In other places the slope is more than 6

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Mylrea soils in the lower

landscape positions and small areas of Fenwood,

Moberg, Mosinee, and Rozellville soils. These soils are

in landscape positions similar to those of the Marathon

soil. Fenwood and Mosinee soils have bedrock at a

depth of 40 to 60 inches. Moberg soils are somewhat

excessively drained and have thinner silty deposits

and more gravel in the upper part than does the

Marathon soil. Rozellville soils have more clay in the

subsoil and less gravel in the subsoil and substratum
Marathon County, Wisconsin 61

than does the Marathon soil. Also included are

small areas of Marathon soils that have bedrock

within a depth of 60 inches, that have cobbles and

stones in the surface layer, or that have a seasonal

high water table at a depth of 3 to 5 feet. Included

soils make up about 10 to 15 percent of individual

mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil of this Marathon soil and rapid in the

substratum. Surface runoff is medium. Available water

capacity is moderate. The organic matter content in

the surface layer also is moderate.

Many areas are used as cropland. Some are used

for pasture, for woodland, or as a source of roadfill

commonly known as rotten granite.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a slight or moderate hazard. Conservation

tillage practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

contour farming, contour stripcropping, terraces, and

diversions help to prevent excessive soil loss. A

cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture also is effective in controlling water erosion.

Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to prevent excessive soil loss,

maintain or increase the organic matter content, and

increase the rate of water infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil is suited to septic tank absorption fields

and to dwellings. Because of frost action, it is only

moderately suited to local roads and streets. The

potential for frost action can be reduced by replacing

the upper part of the soil with coarse textured base

material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

MdC—Marathon silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes

This deep, sloping, well drained soil is on the sides

of knolls and ridges in the uplands. Most areas are

long and narrow or irregular in shape and range from

about 4 to 80 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 6 inches thick. The next layer is

brown and dark brown silt loam about 15 inches thick.

The subsoil is about 27 inches thick. It is dark brown

very gravelly coarse sandy loam in the upper part and

strong brown extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand in

the lower part. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is strong brown extremely gravelly loamy

coarse sand. In some places the substratum is very

gravelly or extremely gravelly sandy loam. In other

places the slope is less than 6 or more than 12

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Fenwood, Moberg, and Mosinee soils. These soils are

in landscape positions similar to those of the Marathon

soil. Fenwood and Mosinee soils have bedrock at a

depth of 40 to 60 inches. Moberg soils are somewhat

excessively drained. They have thinner silty deposits

and have more gravel in the upper part than does the

Marathon soil. Also included are small areas of

Marathon soils that have bedrock at a depth of less

than 60 inches or that have cobbles and stones in the

surface layer. Included soils make up 10 to 15 percent

of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil of this Marathon soil and rapid in the

substratum. Surface runoff is medium. Available water

capacity is moderate. The organic matter content in

the surface layer also is moderate.

Some areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used for pasture or woodland or as a source of

roadfill commonly known as rotten granite.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a moderate hazard. Conservation tillage

practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

contour farming, contour stripcropping, terraces, and

diversions help to prevent excessive soil loss. A

cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture also is effective in controlling water erosion.

Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to prevent excessive soil loss,

maintain or increase the organic matter content, and

increase the rate of water infiltration.
62 Soil Survey of

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of slope, this soil is only moderately suited

to septic tank absorption fields. The slope can be

reduced by cutting and filling, or trench absorption

systems can be installed on the contour.

Because of the slope, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings. The slope can be reduced by

cutting and filling, or the dwellings can be designed so

that they conform to the natural slope of the land.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the slope and frost action. The

slope can be reduced by cutting and filling to shape

the roadway. The potential for frost action can be

reduced by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

MeC—Marathon silt loam, 2 to 15 percent

slopes, stony

This deep, gently sloping to moderately steep, well

drained soil is on the tops and sides of knolls and

ridges on uplands. Many cobbles, stones, and

boulders are in the surface layer. Most areas are long

and narrow or irregular in shape and range from about

4 to 200 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 4 inches thick. The next layer is

dark yellowish brown silt loam about 8 inches thick.

Below that is dark brown and pale brown silt loam

about 6 inches thick. The subsoil is about 23 inches

thick. It is dark brown. It is very gravelly coarse sandy

loam in the upper part and extremely gravelly loamy

coarse sand in the lower part. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is strong brown extremely

gravelly loamy coarse sand. In some places the upper

part of the soil is gravelly silt loam or gravelly loam. In

other places the slope is more than 15 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Mylrea soils in the lower

landscape positions. Also included are small areas of

Fenwood and Mosinee soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Marathon soil; small areas of

Marathon soils that have bedrock at a depth of less

than 60 inches, that do not have cobbles, stones, and

boulders in the surface layer, or that have a seasonal

high water table at a depth of 3 to 5 feet; and areas of

rock outcrops. Fenwood and Mosinee soils have

bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Included soils

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil of this Marathon soil and rapid in the

substratum. Available water capacity is moderate. The

organic matter content is moderate or high in the

surface layer.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used for pasture or as a source of roadfill

commonly known as rotten granite.

This soil is generally unsuited to cultivated crops,

hay, and pasture because of the many stones and

boulders.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the stones and

boulders. Because of low soil strength, it also is limited

during the spring thaw and during extended periods of

high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome by

restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of slope, this soil is only moderately suited

to septic tank absorption fields. The slope can be

reduced by cutting and filling, or a trench absorption

system can be installed on the contour.

Because of the slope, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings. The slope can be reduced by

cutting and filling, or the dwellings can be designed so

that they conform to the natural slope of the land.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the slope and frost action. The

slope can be reduced by cutting and filling to shape

the roadway, or the road can be built in the less

sloping areas. The potential for frost action can be

reduced by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IVe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3X.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 63

MfA—Marshfield silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping, poorly

drained soil is in depressions and drainageways on

ground moraines. It is subject to ponding. Most areas

are long and narrow or irregular in shape and range

from about 10 to 480 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown,

mottled silt loam about 8 inches thick. The subsurface

layer is grayish brown, mottled silt loam about 8 inches

thick. The subsoil is light brownish gray, mottled silt

loam and loam about 18 inches thick. The substratum

to a depth of about 60 inches is dark yellowish brown,

mottled sandy loam. In some places the subsoil is

sandy loam. In other places the substratum is gravelly

loam, gravelly clay loam, gravelly sandy loam, or

gravelly loamy sand.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Withee soils in the

higher landscape positions and small areas of the very

poorly drained Cathro soils in the lower positions in the

drainageways and depressions. The upper part of the

Cathro soils is muck. Included soils make up about 5

to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderately slow or moderate in this

Marshfield soil. Surface runoff is very slow or ponded.

Available water capacity is high. The organic matter

content in the surface layer is moderate to very high.

During wet periods a seasonal high water table is

within a depth of 1 foot.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland or pasture.

Undrained areas are generally unsuitable as

cropland because of wetness. If drained, this soil is

suited to corn and small grain and to grasses and

legumes for rotational hay and pasture. Land

smoothing and surface drains help to remove excess

water. Many areas are in intermittent drainageways

and should be used as grassed waterways.

Drained areas are suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, rotational grazing,

pasture renovation, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of the wetness,

the trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock helps

to overcome seedling mortality. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the ponding and the moderately slow

permeability, this soil is generally unsuited to septic

tank absorption fields. Because of the ponding, it is

generally unsuited to dwellings. Overcoming these

limitations is difficult.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads and streets

because of low soil strength, ponding, and frost action.

The ponding can be overcome by removing the

surface water through culverts and ditches or by

adding fill material to raise the road above the ponding

level. Culverts also help to prevent road damage by

equalizing the water level on each side of the road.

Low strength and frost action can be overcome by

excavating the upper part of the soil and replacing it

with coarse textured base material, such as sand or

gravel.

The land capacity classification is IIIw in drained

areas and VIw in undrained areas. The woodland

ordination symbol is 3W.

MgA—Meadland loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil is in slightly convex and

concave areas on broad ground moraines. Most areas

are long and narrow or irregular in shape and range

from about 10 to 640 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown loam

about 2 inches thick. The next layer is dark brown

loam about 5 inches thick. Below this is brown and

dark yellowish brown, mottled loam about 18 inches

thick. The subsoil is dark yellowish brown, mottled

loam about 16 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of about 60 inches is multicolored gravelly loam. In

some places the upper part of the soil is silt loam or

sandy loam. In other places the subsoil and

substratum are clay loam or clay.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Mosinee soils, the moderately well

drained Guenther soils, and the poorly drained Dancy

and Sherry soils. Guenther and Mosinee soils are in

the higher landscape positions. Dancy and Sherry

soils are in depressions and drainageways. Also

included are small areas of Rockers soils in landscape

positions similar to those of the Meadland soil and
64 Soil Survey of

small areas of Meadland soils that have cobbles and

stones in the surface layer or that have bedrock within

a depth of 60 inches. Rockers soils are loamy sand in

the upper part. Included soils make up about 5 to 15

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in this

Meadland soil. Surface runoff is slow. Available water

capacity is high. The organic matter content in the

surface layer is moderate or moderately low. During

wet periods a seasonal high water table is at a depth

of 1.0 to 2.5 feet.

Some areas of this soil are used as cropland.

Others are used for pasture or woodland.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

Unless the soil is adequately drained, excess water

limits the choice of crops or results in crop damage in

most years. It also delays field preparation, planting, or

harvest. Land smoothing, surface drains, and

diversions help to remove this water.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness, the

trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Harvesting is frequently limited to

periods when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut

or area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow

of the remaining trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and the moderately slow

permeability, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. In some areas the effluent can be

pumped to an absorption field in better suited soils

that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, or

constructing basements above the level of wetness

helps to overcome this limitation. The limitation also

can be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel,

or by installing a good surface and subsurface

drainage system.

The land capability classification is IIw. The

woodland ordination symbol is 5W.

MhA—Meadland loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, stony

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil is in slightly convex and

concave areas on broad ground moraines. Many

cobbles and stones are in the surface layer. Most

areas are irregular in shape and range from about 4 to

1,280 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray loam

about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is dark

grayish brown loam about 2 inches thick. The next

layer is dark brown, mottled sandy loam about 4

inches thick. Below this is about 6 inches of dark

brown and brown, mottled loam and sandy loam. The

subsoil is dark brown, mottled loam about 10 inches

thick. The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

brown, mottled loam. In some places the upper part of

the soil is silt loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand. In

other places the subsoil and substratum are clay loam

or clay.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Mosinee soils, the moderately well

drained Guenther soils, and the poorly drained Dancy

soils. Guenther and Mosinee soils are in the higher

landscape positions. Dancy soils are in drainageways

and depressions. Also included are small areas of

Meadland soils that have bedrock within a depth of 60

inches or have rock outcrops. These outcrops are

mostly igneous and metamorphic rock but are

sandstone in some areas in the southeastern part of

Guenther Township. Inclusions make up about 5 to 15

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in this

Meadland soil. Available water capacity is high. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or high. During wet periods a seasonal high water

table is at a depth of 1.0 to 2.5 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used for pasture or wildlife habitat.

This soil is generally unsuited to corn and small

grain and to grasses and legumes for rotational hay

and pasture because of wetness and the many

stones.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the stones and

wetness. Harvesting is frequently limited to periods

when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut or

area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow of
Marathon County, Wisconsin 65

the remaining trees. Competing vegetation interferes

with natural regeneration following harvest. It can be

controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and the moderately slow

permeability, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. In some areas the effluent can be

pumped to an absorption field in better suited soils

that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, or

constructing basements above the level of wetness

helps to overcome this limitation. The wetness also

can be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel,

or by installing a good surface and subsurface

drainage system.

The land capability classification is IIIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 5X.

Mm—Meehan loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, somewhat poorly drained

soil is on flats around depressions and along

drainageways on outwash plains, stream terraces, and

glacial lake plains. Most areas are long and narrow or

irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 80 acres

in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown loamy sand about 10 inches thick. The subsoil

is about 12 inches thick. It is dark brown loamy sand in

the upper part and strong brown, mottled loamy sand

in the lower part. The next layer is strong brown,

mottled sand about 8 inches thick. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is grayish brown, mottled

sand. In some places the surface layer is sandy loam.

In other places the subsoil and substratum are gravelly

sand.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Mahtomedi soils and the

poorly drained and very poorly drained Newson soils.

Mahtomedi soils are in the slightly higher landscape

positions. Newson soils are in the depressions and

drainageways. Included soils make up about 5 to 15

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Meehan soil. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is low to

moderate. During wet periods a seasonal high water

table is at a depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Some areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used as cropland or pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

Unless the soil is adequately drained, excess water

limits the choice of crops or results in crop damage

most years. It also delays field preparation, planting, or

harvest. Controlled open ditch or tile drainage can

lower the water table. When drained and cultivated,

however, this soil is subject to soil blowing. Also, crop

yields are limited by the low available water capacity.

Irrigation can supplement rainfall. Conservation tillage

practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

cover crops, wind stripcropping, and field windbreaks

help to prevent excessive soil loss. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

help to reduce soil loss, maintain or increase the

organic matter content, and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Harvesting is frequently

limited to periods when the soil is frozen. Harvesting

by clear-cut or area-selection methods helps to

prevent windthrow of the remaining trees. Competing

vegetation interferes with natural regeneration

following harvest. It can be controlled by applying

suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and a poor filtering

capacity, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. It can readily absorb but does not

adequately filter the effluent. The poor filtering capacity

can result in the pollution of ground water. In some

areas both of the limitations can be overcome by

constructing a mound of suitable filtering material. In

places the effluent can be pumped to an absorption

field in better suited soils that are higher on the

landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, or
66 Soil Survey of

constructing basements above the level of wetness

helps to overcome this limitation. Otherwise, the

wetness can be reduced by installing a subsurface

drainage system that has a dependable outlet, such

as a gravity outlet.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the wetness and frost action.

Fill material can be used to raise the road above the

level of wetness. The potential for frost action can be

reduced by adding fill material, such as sand or gravel,

or by installing a good subsurface drainage system.

The land capability classification is IVw. The

woodland ordination symbol is 5W.

Mn—Minocqua sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, poorly drained and very

poorly drained soil is in drainageways and depressions

on outwash plains. It is subject to ponding. Most areas

are long and narrow or irregular in shape and range

from about 4 to 80 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown sandy

loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is gray and

grayish brown, mottled sandy loam about 14 inches

thick. The next layer is dark grayish brown, mottled

gravelly loamy sand about 4 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is grayish

brown gravelly sand. In some places the surface layer

is muck, mucky silt loam, mucky loam, or mucky

sandy loam. In other places the upper part of the soil

is silt loam or loam. In some areas the substratum is

stratified with loam, silt loam, sandy loam, loamy fine

sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or sand.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Oesterle soils in the

slightly higher landscape positions. Also included are

small areas of Newson soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Minocqua soil and areas of

Minocqua soils that have cobbles and stones in the

surface layer. Newson soils have more sand and less

silt and clay in the upper part than does the Minocqua

soil. Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the upper part of this

Minocqua soil and rapid in the substratum. Surface

runoff is very slow or ponded. Available water capacity

is low. The organic matter content in the surface layer

is high or very high. During wet periods a seasonal

high water table is within a depth of 1 foot.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used for unimproved pasture or wetland

wildlife habitat. A few areas have been drained and are

used as cropland.

Undrained areas are generally unsuitable as

cropland because of wetness and because of frost late

in spring and early in fall. If drained, this soil is suited

to oats and to clover and timothy for rotational hay and

pasture. It is generally unsuited to corn because of the

hazard of freezing. If drained, it is subject to soil

blowing. Cover crops, conservation tillage, wind

stripcropping, and a cropping system that includes

rotational hay and pasture help to prevent excessive

soil loss.

Drained areas are suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of the wetness,

the trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock helps

to overcome seedling mortality. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the ponding, this soil is generally

unsuited to septic tank absorption fields and to

dwellings. Overcoming this hazard is difficult.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads because of

the ponding and frost action. The ponding can be

overcome by removing the surface water through

culverts and ditches or by adding fill material to raise

the roads above the ponding level. Culverts also help

to prevent road damage by equalizing the water level

on each side of the road. The potential for frost action

can be reduced by excavating the upper part of the

soil and replacing it with coarse textured base

material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is VIw in undrained

areas. The woodland ordination symbol is 7W.

MoB—Moberg gravelly silt loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes

This deep, undulating, somewhat excessively

drained soil is on knolls and ridgetops in the uplands.

Most areas are irregular in shape and range from

about 4 to 240 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown gravelly silt

loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is dark

yellowish brown gravelly silt loam about 8 inches thick.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 67

The next layer is dark brown very gravelly sandy loam

about 13 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of

about 60 inches is yellowish red extremely gravelly

loamy coarse sand. In some places the upper part of

the soil is silt loam, gravelly loam, or gravelly sandy

loam. In other places the slope is more than 6 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Mylrea soils in the lower

landscape positions. Also included are small areas of

the well drained Marathon and Mosinee soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the Moberg

soil, small areas of Moberg soils that have cobbles

and stones in the surface layer, and areas of soils that

have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 3 to 5

feet. Marathon soils have thicker silty deposits and

have more clay in the subsoil than does the Moberg

soil. Mosinee soils have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60

inches. Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent

of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Moberg soil. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or high.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used as cropland. Some are used as a

source of roadfill commonly known as rotten granite.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a slight or moderate hazard. Conservation

tillage practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

contour farming, contour stripcropping, terraces, and

diversions help to prevent excessive soil loss. A

cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture also is effective in controlling water erosion.

The soil tends to be droughty during periods of low

rainfall. Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to prevent excessive soil loss,

maintain or increase the organic matter content, and

conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Planting vigorous

nursery stock helps to overcome seedling mortality.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil is suited to dwellings and to local roads

and streets. It can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3F.

MoC—Moberg gravelly silt loam, 6 to 15

percent slopes

This deep, rolling and hilly, somewhat excessively

drained soil is on the sides and tops of ridges and

knolls on uplands. Most areas are irregular in shape

and range from about 4 to 320 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown gravelly silt loam about 4 inches thick. The

subsoil is dark brown gravelly silt loam about 8 inches

thick. The next layer is strong brown very gravelly

coarse sandy loam about 8 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is strong

brown extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand. In some

places the upper part of the soil is silt loam, gravelly

loam, or gravelly sandy loam. In other places the

original surface layer has been removed by water

erosion. In some areas the slope is less than 6 or

more than 15 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Marathon and Mosinee soils. These

soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the

Moberg soil. Marathon soils have thicker silty deposits

and have more clay in the subsoil than does the

Moberg soil. Mosinee soils have bedrock at a depth of

40 to 60 inches. Also included are small areas of

Moberg soils in which the surface layer has cobbles

and stones or in which the original surface layer and

subsoil have been removed by water erosion. Included

soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual

mapped areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Moberg soil. Surface

runoff is medium. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or high.

Many areas are used as woodland. Some are used

as cropland. Some are used as a source of roadfill

commonly known as rotten granite.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a moderate hazard. The complex slopes

generally limit the erosion-control measures used on

this soil. Effective measures include a conservation

tillage system, such as chisel planting, that leaves a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface and a

cropping system that includes rotational hay and
68 Soil Survey of

pasture. The soil tends to be droughty during periods

of low rainfall. Proper management of crop residue

and green manure crops help to prevent excessive soil

loss, maintain or increase the organic matter content,

and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Planting vigorous

nursery stock helps to overcome seedling mortality.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

Because of the slope, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings and to local roads and streets. The

slope can be reduced by cutting and filling. Also,

dwellings can be designed so that they conform to the

natural slope of the land.

The land capability classification is IVe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3F.

MsB—Mosinee sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

This deep, gently sloping, well drained soil is on

knolls and ridgetops in the uplands. Most areas are

irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 200 acres

in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sandy

loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is about 35

inches thick. It is dark yellowish brown gravelly sandy

loam in the upper part, yellowish brown gravelly and

very gravelly sandy loam in the next part, and

yellowish brown extremely gravelly sandy loam in the

lower part. Fractured igneous and metamorphic

bedrock is at a depth of about 42 inches. The depth to

hard bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. In some

places the upper part of the soil is loamy sand, loam,

or silt loam. In other places the slope is more than 6

percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Meadland and Rietbrock

soils in the lower landscape positions and small areas

of the Fenwood, Guenther, and Moberg soils.

Fenwood, Guenther, and Moberg soils are in

landscape positions similar to those of the Mosinee

soil. Fenwood soils have more silt in the surface layer

and more clay in the subsoil than does the Mosinee

soil. Guenther and Moberg soils do not have bedrock

within a depth of 60 inches. Guenther soils are

moderately well drained and are loamy sand in the

surface layer and in the upper part of the subsoil.

Moberg soils are somewhat excessively drained and

are underlain by extremely gravelly loamy coarse

sand. Also included are small areas of Mosinee soils

that have bedrock at a depth more than 60 inches, that

have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 3 to 5

feet, or that have cobbles and stones in the surface

layer and areas of soils that have bedrock within a

depth of 40 inches. Included soils make up about 10 to

15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in this

Mosinee soil. Surface runoff is slow. Available water

capacity is low. The organic matter content in the

surface layer is moderate.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a moderate hazard. Also, yields are affected

by the low available water capacity during most years.

Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel planting,

that leave a protective amount of crop residue on the

surface, contour farming, contour stripcropping,

terraces, and diversions help to prevent excessive soil

loss. Construction of terraces and diversions is limited

by the gravelly and cobbly subsoil and the bedrock. A

cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture also is effective in controlling water erosion.

Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to prevent excessive soil loss,

maintain or increase the organic matter content,

increase the rate of water infiltration, and conserve

moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of site

preparation and planting equipment may be limited by

the gravel and cobbles in the subsoil. Competing

vegetation interferes with natural regeneration

following harvest. It can be controlled by applying

suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the depth to bedrock and seepage of
Marathon County, Wisconsin 69

effluent into fractures and cracks in the bedrock, this

soil is only moderately suited to septic tank absorption

fields. These limitations can be overcome by

constructing a mound of suitable filtering material.

Because of large stones and the depth to bedrock,

this soil is only moderately suited to dwellings. The

depth to bedrock can be overcome by ripping and

excavating the bedrock with suitable power equipment,

by adding fill material to raise the site, or by

constructing the dwellings without basements or with

only partially exposed basements. The larger stones

can be removed by mechanical means.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of frost action and the large

stones. The potential for frost action can be reduced

by replacing the upper part of the soil with coarse

textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

Additions of suitable fill material can raise the roadbed

a sufficient distance above the large stones.

The land capability classification is IIIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 4F.

MsC—Mosinee sandy loam, 6 to 12

percent slopes

This deep, sloping, well drained soil is on the sides

of knolls and ridges on uplands. Most areas are

irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 160 acres

in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sandy

loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is about 29

inches thick. It is dark yellowish brown and dark brown

gravelly sandy loam in the upper part and yellowish

brown very gravelly sandy loam in the lower part. The

next layer is yellowish brown very cobbly sandy loam

about 6 inches thick. Fractured igneous and

metamorphic bedrock is at a depth of about 42 inches.

The depth to hard bedrock ranges from 40 to 60

inches. In some places the upper part of the soil is

loamy sand, loam, or silt loam. In other places the

slope is less than 6 or more than 12 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Meadland and Rietbrock

soils in the lower landscape positions. Also included

are small areas of Fenwood and Moberg soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the Mosinee

soil, small areas of Mosinee soils that have bedrock at

a depth of more than 60 inches or that have cobbles

and stones in the surface layer, and areas of soils that

have bedrock within a depth of 40 inches. Fenwood

soils have more silt in the surface layer and more clay

in the subsoil than does the Mosinee soil. Moberg soils

are somewhat excessively drained, are underlain by

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, and do not

have bedrock within a depth of 60 inches. Included

soils make up about 10 to 15 percent of individual

mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in this

Mosinee soil. Surface runoff is medium. Available

water capacity is low. The organic matter content in

the surface layer is moderate.

Some areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a moderate hazard. Also, yields are affected

by the low available water capacity during most years.

Conservation tillage practices, such as chisel planting,

that leave a protective amount of crop residue on the

surface, contour farming, contour stripcropping,

terraces, and diversions help to prevent excessive soil

loss. Construction of terraces and diversions is limited

by the gravelly and cobbly subsoil and the bedrock. A

cropping system that includes rotational hay and

pasture also is effective in controlling water erosion.

Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to reduce soil loss, maintain or

increase organic matter content, increase the rate of

water infiltration, and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of site

preparation and planting equipment may be limited by

the gravel and cobbles in the subsoil. Competing

vegetation interferes with natural regeneration

following harvest. It can be controlled by applying

suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the depth to bedrock, seepage of

effluent into fractures and cracks in the bedrock, and

the slope, this soil is only moderately suited to septic

tank absorption fields. The depth to bedrock and

seepage can be overcome by constructing a mound of

suitable filtering material. Reducing the slope is difficult

because cutting and filling can expose the bedrock.

Selection of a less sloping area should be considered.

Because of the depth to bedrock, the large stones,

and the slope, this soil is only moderately suited to

dwellings. The depth to bedrock can be overcome by

ripping and excavating the bedrock with suitable power

equipment, by adding fill material to raise the site, or

by constructing the dwellings without basements or
70 Soil Survey of

with only partially exposed basements. The

excessively large stones that interfere with

construction can be removed by mechanical means.

Reducing the slope is difficult because cutting and

filling can expose the bedrock. The dwellings can be

designed so that they conform to the natural slope of

the land, or a less sloping site can be selected.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the slope, the potential for frost

action, and the large stones. The slope can be

reduced by cutting and filling. The cutting can expose

the bedrock, which can be removed by blasting or by

using a jackhammer or other suitable power

equipment. The potential for frost action can be

reduced by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The large stones can be removed by mechanical

means. Otherwise, additions of suitable fill material

can raise the roadbed a sufficient distance above the

stones.

The land capability classification is IVe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 4F.

MsD—Mosinee sandy loam, 12 to 20

percent slopes

This deep, moderately steep, well drained soil is on

the sides of hills and ridges on uplands. Most areas

are long and narrow and range from about 4 to 80

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sandy loam about 3 inches thick. The subsoil is

about 23 inches thick. It is dark brown and dark

yellowish brown gravelly sandy loam in the upper part

and dark brown very gravelly sandy loam in the lower

part. The next layer is strong brown very cobbly sandy

loam about 14 inches thick. Fractured igneous and

metamorphic bedrock is at a depth of about 40 inches.

The depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. In

some places the upper part of the soil is loamy sand,

loam, or silt loam. In other places the slope is less

than 12 or more than 20 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Fenwood and Moberg soils. These soils are in

landscape positions similar to those of the Mosinee

soil. Fenwood soils have more silt in the surface layer

and more clay in the subsoil than does the Mosinee

soil. Moberg soils are somewhat excessively drained,

are underlain by extremely gravelly loamy coarse

sand, and do not have bedrock within a depth of 60

inches. Also included are small areas of Mosinee soils

in which the original surface layer and the upper part

of the subsoil have been removed by water erosion or

in which the surface layer has cobbles and stones and

areas of soils that have bedrock within a depth of 40

inches. Included soils make up about 10 to 15 percent

of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in this

Mosinee soil. Surface runoff is rapid. Available water

capacity is low. The organic matter content in the

surface layer is moderate.

Many areas are used as woodland. A few are used

as cropland or pasture.

Because water erosion is a severe hazard, this soil

is generally unsuited to corn and small grain. It is

suited to a cropping system of grasses and legumes

for hay and pasture grown in rotation with cultivated

crops. During most years, however, yields are affected

by the low available water capacity.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Slope and plant

competition are the main management concerns.

Planting trees on the contour and carefully locating

skid roads during harvest minimize erosion. Seedling

survival on the steeper slopes facing south or west

can be improved by carefully planting vigorous nursery

stock. Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of slope, this soil is poorly suited to septic

tank absorption fields, dwellings, and local roads and

streets. Overcoming this limitation is difficult because

any excavation of the soil exposes the underlying

bedrock.

The land capability classification is VIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 4R.

MtC—Mosinee sandy loam, 2 to 15

percent slopes, stony

This deep, gently sloping to moderately steep, well

drained soil is on the tops and sides of knolls and

ridges on uplands. Many cobbles and stones are in the

surface layer. Most areas are irregular in shape and

range from about 4 to 320 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown sandy

loam about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is

grayish brown sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The

subsoil is about 34 inches thick. It is dark brown

gravelly sandy loam in the upper part, dark yellowish

brown very gravelly sandy loam in the next part, and
Marathon County, Wisconsin 71

yellowish brown extremely gravelly sandy loam in the

lower part. Fractured igneous and metamorphic

bedrock is at a depth of about 42 inches. The depth to

hard bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. In places

the upper part of the soil is loamy sand, loam, or silt

loam. In some areas in the southeastern part of

Guenther Township, the bedrock is sandstone. In

some areas the slope is more than 15 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Rietbrock and Meadland

soils in the lower landscape positions and small areas

of the Fenwood, Guenther, and Moberg soils. These

soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the

Mosinee soil. Fenwood soils have more silt in the

surface layer and more clay in the subsoil than does

the Mosinee soil. Guenther soils are moderately well

drained, are loamy sand in the surface layer and in the

upper part of the subsoil, and do not have bedrock

within a depth of 60 inches. Moberg soils are

somewhat excessively drained, are underlain by

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, and have

bedrock at a depth of more than 60 inches. Also

included are small areas of Mosinee soils that have

bedrock at a depth of more than 60 inches, that have a

seasonal high water table at a depth of 3 to 5 feet, or

do not have cobbles and stones in the surface layer;

areas of soils that have bedrock within a depth of 40

inches; and areas of bedrock outcrop. Inclusions make

up 10 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in this

Mosinee soil. Available water capacity is low. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is moderate

or high.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used for pasture. In some of the pastured areas,

the surface stones have been removed.

This soil is generally unsuited to cultivated crops,

hay, and pasture because of the many surface stones

and the rock outcrops.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the stones and the

rock outcrops. Competing vegetation interferes with

natural regeneration following harvest. It can be

controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the depth to bedrock, seepage of

effluent into fractures and cracks in the bedrock, and

the slope, this soil is only moderately suited to septic

tank absorption fields. The depth to bedrock and the

seepage can be overcome by constructing a mound of

suitable filtering material. Reducing the slope is difficult

because cutting and filling can expose the bedrock.

Because of the depth to bedrock, large stones, and

the slope, this soil is only moderately suited to

dwellings. The depth to bedrock can be overcome by

ripping and excavating the bedrock with suitable power

equipment, by adding fill material to raise the site, or

by constructing the dwellings without basements or

with only partially exposed basements. The large

stones that interfere with construction can be removed

by mechanical means. Reducing the slope is difficult

because cutting and filling can expose the bedrock.

The dwellings can be designed so that they conform to

the natural slope of the land, or less sloping sites can

be selected.

This soil is only moderately suited to local roads

and streets because of the slope, the potential for frost

action, and the large stones. The slope can be

reduced by cutting and filling. The cutting and filling

can expose the bedrock, which can be removed by

blasting or by using a jackhammer or other suitable

power equipment. The potential for frost action can be

reduced by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The large stones can be removed by mechanical

means. Otherwise, additions of suitable fill material

can raise the roadbed a sufficient distance above the

stones.

The land capability classification is VIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 4X.

MyB—Mylrea silt loam, 1 to 6 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil is in convex and

concave areas on ground moraines. Most areas are

long and narrow or irregular in shape and range from

10 to 200 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is

dark yellowish brown silt loam about 6 inches thick.

The subsurface layer is light brownish gray, mottled silt

loam about 3 inches thick. Below this is dark yellowish

brown and pale brown, mottled silt loam about 7

inches thick. The subsoil is about 14 inches thick. It is

mottled. It is yellowish brown silt loam in the upper part

and dark brown fine sandy loam in the lower part. The

next layer is dark brown, mottled gravelly fine sandy

loam about 5 inches thick. The substratum to a depth

of about 60 inches is brown, mottled extremely

gravelly loamy coarse sand. In some places the silty

deposits are less than 15 inches thick. In other places
72 Soil Survey of

the upper part of the soil is gravelly silt loam, gravelly

loam, or loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat excessively drained Moberg soils, the

well drained Marathon soils, the somewhat poorly

drained Rietbrock and Withee soils, and the poorly

drained and very poorly drained Sherry soils. Moberg

and Marathon soils are in the higher landscape

positions. Rietbrock and Withee soils are in landscape

positions similar to those of the Mylrea soil. They have

more clay in the subsoil than does the Mylrea soil.

Also, Rietbrock soils have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

60 inches. Sherry soils are in drainageways and

depressions. Also included are areas of Mylrea soils

that have cobbles, stones, boulders in the surface

layer and areas of bedrock outcrop. Inclusions make

up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this

Mylrea soil and rapid in the substratum. Surface runoff

is slow or medium. Available water capacity is

moderate. The organic matter content in the surface

layer also is moderate. During wet periods a seasonal

high water table is at a depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used as cropland or pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a slight or

moderate hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such

as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of

crop residue on the surface, terraces, diversions,

cover crops, and contour stripcropping help to prevent

excessive soil loss. Excess water is a problem, mainly

in the less sloping areas. It limits the choice of crops or

results in crop damage in most years. It also delays

field preparation, planting, or harvest. Land smoothing,

surface drains, and diversions help to remove this

water.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of the wetness,

the trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Harvesting is frequently limited to

periods when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut

or area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow

of the remaining trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and a poor filtering

capacity, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. It can readily absorb but does not

adequately filter the effluent. The poor filtering capacity

can result in the pollution of ground water. In some

areas both of these limitations can be overcome by

constructing a mound of suitable filtering material. In

places the effluent can be pumped to an absorption

field in better suited soils that are higher on the

landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel,

or by installing a good surface and subsurface

drainage system.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3W.

MzB—Mylrea silt loam, 1 to 6 percent

slopes, stony

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil is in convex and

concave areas on ground moraines. Many cobbles,

stones, and boulders are in the surface layer. Most

areas are long and narrow or irregular in shape and

range from 10 to 200 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown silt

loam about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is

brown silt loam about 6 inches thick. The next layer is

brown and dark yellowish brown, mottled silt loam

about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is about 15 inches

thick. It is dark brown and mottled. It is silt loam in the

upper part and loam in the lower part. The next layer is

strong brown gravelly sandy loam about 5 inches thick.

The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is strong

brown extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand. In places

the surface layer is loam, gravelly loam, or gravelly silt

loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat excessively drained Moberg soils, the

well drained Marathon soils, the somewhat poorly
Marathon County, Wisconsin 73

drained Rietbrock and Withee soils, and the poorly

drained and very poorly drained Sherry soils. Moberg

and Marathon soils are in the higher landscape

positions. Rietbrock and Withee soils are in landscape

positions similar to those of the Mylrea soil. They have

more clay in the subsoil than does the Mylrea soil.

Also, Rietbrock soils have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

60 inches. Sherry soils are in drainageways and

depressions. Also included are areas of Mylrea soils

that do not have cobbles, stones, and boulders in the

surface layer and areas of bedrock outcrop. Inclusions

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this

Mylrea soil and rapid in the substratum. Available

water capacity is moderate. The organic matter

content in the surface layer is moderate or high.

During wet periods a seasonal high water table is at a

depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used for pasture or wildlife habitat.

This soil is generally unsuited to corn and small

grain and to grasses and legumes for rotational hay

and pasture because of wetness and the many

cobbles, stones, boulders, and rock outcrops on the

surface.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the stones and the

wetness. Harvesting is frequently limited to periods

when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut or

area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow of

the remaining trees. Competing vegetation interferes

with natural regeneration following harvest. It can be

controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and a poor filtering

capacity, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. It can readily absorb but does not

adequately filter the effluent. The poor filtering capacity

can result in the pollution of ground water. In some

areas both of these limitations can be overcome by

constructing a mound of suitable filtering material. In

places the effluent can be pumped to an absorption

field in better suited soils that are higher on the

landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel,

or by installing a good surface and subsurface

drainage system.

The land capability classification is IIIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3X.

Ne—Newson mucky loamy sand, 0 to 1

percent slopes

This deep, nearly level, poorly drained and very

poorly drained soil is in drainageways and depressions

on outwash plains, stream terraces, or glacial lake

basins. It is subject to ponding. Most areas are long

and narrow or irregular in shape and range from about

4 to 80 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is black mucky loamy

sand about 3 inches thick. The subsoil is grayish

brown, mottled loamy sand about 9 inches thick. The

next layer is grayish brown sand about 11 inches thick.

The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is

grayish brown sand. In some places the surface layer

is loamy sand or sandy loam. In other places the

upper part of the soil is muck.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Meehan soils in the

higher landscape positions. Also included are small

areas of Minocqua soils in landscape positions similar

to those of the Newson soil. Minocqua soils have more

silt and clay in the surface layer and subsoil than does

the Newson soil. Included soils make up about 5 to 15

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is rapid in this Newson soil. Available

water capacity is low. The organic matter content in

the surface layer is high or very high. During wet

periods a seasonal high water table is within a depth

of 1 foot.

Most areas of this soil are used as wildlife habitat. A

few are used as cropland, pasture, or woodland.

Undrained areas are generally unsuitable as

cropland because of wetness and because of frost late

in spring and early in fall. Drainage of most areas is

impractical because of a lack of adequate outlets. A

few areas can be drained by open ditches. If drained,

this soil is suited to oats and to clover and timothy for

rotational hay and pasture. It is generally unsuited to

corn because of the hazard of freezing. If drained, it is

subject to soil blowing. Conservation tillage practices,

such as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface, wind stripcropping,
74 Soil Survey of

cover crops, and a cropping system that includes

rotational hay and pasture help to prevent excessive

soil loss.

Drained areas are suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness, the

trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock

reduces the seedling mortality rate. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the ponding, this soil is generally

unsuited to septic tank absorption fields and dwellings.

Overcoming this hazard is difficult.

Because of the ponding, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads. This hazard can be overcome by removing

the surface water through culverts and ditches or by

adding fill material to raise the roads above the

ponding level. Culverts also help to prevent road

damage by equalizing the water level on each side of

the road.

The land capability classification is VIw in undrained

areas. The woodland ordination symbol is 6W.

Oe—Oesterle loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

This deep, nearly level, somewhat poorly drained

soil is on flats adjacent to depressions and

drainageways on outwash plains and stream terraces.

Most areas are long and narrow or irregular in shape

and range from about 4 to 80 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown loam about 7 inches thick. The next layer is

brown, dark yellowish brown, and dark brown, mottled

sandy loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is about

16 inches thick. It is mottled. It is dark brown sandy

loam in the upper part and light yellowish brown loamy

sand in the lower part. The substratum to a depth of

about 60 inches is light yellowish brown, mottled sand.

In some places thin strata of sandy loam, loamy sand,

loam, or silt loam are in the substratum. In other

places the surface layer is sandy loam. In some areas

the upper part of the soil is loamy sand or silt loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Mahtomedi and Scott

Lake soils and the poorly drained and very poorly

drained Minocqua soils. Mahtomedi and Scott Lake

soils are in the slightly higher landscape positions.

Minocqua soils are in depressions and drainageways.

Also included are small areas of Meehan soils in

landscape positions similar to those of the Oesterle

soil. Meehan soils have more sand and less silt and

clay in the surface layer and subsoil than does the

Oesterle soil. Included soils make up about 5 to 15

percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the

subsoil in this Oesterle soil and rapid in the

substratum. Surface runoff is slow. Available water

capacity is low. The organic matter content in the

surface layer is moderate. During wet periods a

seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

Unless the soil is adequately drained, excess water

limits the choice of crops or results in crop damage in

most years. It also delays field preparation, planting,

and harvesting. Controlled open ditch or tile drainage

is needed to lower the water table. Where this soil is

drained, however, crop yields are limited by the low

available water capacity. Irrigation can supplement

rainfall. Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to maintain or increase organic

matter content and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and hay.

Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation, rotational

grazing, and timely deferment of grazing help to keep

the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness, the

trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Harvesting is frequently limited to

periods when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut

or area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow

of the remaining trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and a poor filtering

capacity, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. It can readily absorb the effluent but

does not adequately filter it. The poor filtering capacity
Marathon County, Wisconsin 75

can result in the pollution of ground water. In some

areas both of these limitations can be overcome by

constructing a mound of suitable filtering material. In

places the effluent can be pumped to an absorption

field in better suited soils that are higher on the

landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, or

constructing the basement above the level of wetness

helps to overcome this limitation. Otherwise, the

wetness can be reduced by installing a subsurface

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by installing a subsurface drainage system

in the roadbed or by replacing the upper part of the

soil with coarse textured base material, such as sand

or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIw. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3W.

Pg—Pits, gravel

This map unit occurs as areas where sand and

gravel or weathered bedrock has been removed to a

depth of at least several feet. Most areas are irregular

in shape and range from about 4 to 160 acres in size.

Typically, the material remaining on the bottom and

sidewalls of the pits is sand and gravel; weathered,

soft sandstone; or gravelly and sandy material

weathered from coarse grained granite, which is

locally known as rotten granite.

Included in mapping are areas of spoil from the

excavated pits. The spoil includes soil material that

was pushed from the pit area before excavation and

piles of other discarded material, such as stones or

boulders that are too large to be crushed.

Many pits are still in use; however, other pits have

been abandoned. Some of the spoil areas are

overgrown with trees, brush, and weeds. Some

abandoned pits have water in them. In reclaiming the

areas, land shaping and the addition of suitable topsoil

generally are required to establish a plant cover.

Onsite investigation is needed to determine the

suitability of the pit areas for septic tank

absorption fields, for dwellings, and for local roads

and streets.

This map unit has not been assigned a land

capability classification or a woodland ordination

symbol.

Ph—Pits, quarries

This map unit occurs as areas where bedrock has

been removed to a depth of at least several feet. Most

areas are irregular in shape and range from about 4 to

160 acres in size.

Typically, the material remaining on the bottom and

sidewalls of the quarries is dark, fine grained igneous

rock; quartzite; hard sandstone; or reddish igneous

rock, commonly known as red granite.

Included in mapping is spoil from the excavated

pits. The spoil includes soil material that was pushed

from the pit area before excavation and piles of other

discarded material, such as stones or boulders.

Many pits are still in use; however, other pits have

been abandoned. Some of the spoil areas are

overgrown with trees, brush, and weeds. Some

abandoned pits have water in them. Reclamation of

these pits is difficult and generally is impractical.

These pits are unsuited to septic tank absorption

fields, to dwellings with or without basements, and to

local roads and streets because of the slope, ponded

water, and exposed bedrock.

This map unit has not been assigned a land

capability classification or a woodland ordination

symbol.

Po—Plover sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, somewhat poorly drained

soil is on slightly concave flats in glacial lake basins,

on delta kames, and on stream terraces. Most areas

are irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 80

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sandy loam about 7 inches thick. The

subsurface layer is brown, mottled sandy loam about 7

inches thick. The next layer is dark brown and brown,

mottled sandy loam about 14 inches thick. The subsoil

is about 14 inches thick. It is dark brown and mottled.

It is sandy loam in the upper part and loam in the

lower part. The upper part of the substratum is dark

brown, mottled, stratified sandy loam and loamy fine

sand. The lower part to a depth of about 60 inches is

yellowish brown, mottled, stratified sand and sandy

loam. In some places the upper part of the soil is

loamy sand, loam, or silt loam. In other places the

substratum is sand and gravel.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Alban and Graycalm soils

in the slightly higher landscape positions and areas of
76 Soil Survey of

the poorly drained and very poorly drained Minocqua

soils in depressions and drainageways. Included soils

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is moderate in this Plover soil. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is moderate.

The organic matter content in the surface layer also is

moderate. During wet periods a seasonal high water

table is at a depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

Unless the soil is adequately drained, excess water

limits the choice of crops or results in crop damage

most years. It also delays field preparation, planting, or

harvest. Land smoothing, surface drains, and open

ditches help to remove this water.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of the wetness,

the trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Harvesting is frequently limited to

periods when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut

or area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow

of the remaining trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

septic tank absorption fields. In some areas the

effluent can be pumped to an absorption field in better

suited soils that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel,

or by installing a good surface and subsurface

drainage system.

The land capability classification is IIw. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3W.

RbC—Ribhill cobbly silt loam, 6 to 15

percent slopes, stony

This moderately deep, sloping and moderately

steep, well drained soil is on the tops and sides of

ridges and hills on quartzite monadnocks. Many

stones and cobbles are in the surface layer. Most

areas are long and narrow or irregular in shape and

range from about 20 to 1,280 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown

cobbly silt loam about 4 inches thick. The next layer is

dark brown cobbly silt loam about 6 inches thick. The

next layer is brown and dark yellowish brown cobbly

silt loam about 13 inches thick. The subsoil is dark

yellowish brown very cobbly silt loam about 12 inches

thick. Fractured quartzite bedrock is at a depth of

about 35 inches. The depth to quartzite bedrock

ranges from 20 to 40 inches. In places the slope is

less than 6 or more than 15 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Rietbrock soils in the

lower landscape positions. Also included are small

areas of Ribhill soils that have bedrock at a depth

more than 40 inches, areas of rock outcrops, and

areas of soils that have bedrock within a depth of 20

inches. Inclusions make up about 5 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in this Ribhill soil.

Available water capacity is low. The organic matter

content in the surface layer is high or very high.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used for recreation, pasture, or wildlife habitat.

This soil is generally unsuited to use as cropland,

hayland, or pasture because of the slope and the

many cobbles, stones, and rock outcrops.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the cobbles, stones,

and rock outcrops. Competing vegetation interferes

with natural regeneration following harvest. It can be

controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the depth to bedrock, seepage of

effluent into fractures and cracks in the bedrock, and

the large stones, this soil is generally unsuited to

septic tank absorption fields. Because of the depth to

bedrock and the large stones, it is generally unsuited

to dwellings. Overcoming these limitations is difficult.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 77

Because of the large stones, this soil is poorly

suited to local roads and streets. The stones can be

removed by hand or by mechanical means. Otherwise,

additions of suitable fill material can raise the roadbed

a sufficient distance above the stones.

The land capability classification is VIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 4X.

RbE—Ribhill cobbly silt loam, 15 to 30

percent slopes, stony

This moderately deep, moderately steep and steep,

well drained soil is on the sides of ridges and hills on

quartzite monadnocks. Many stones and cobbles are

in the surface layer. Most areas are long and narrow or

irregular in shape and range from about 20 to 320

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown

cobbly silt loam about 3 inches thick. The next layer is

dark brown cobbly silt loam about 7 inches thick.

Below this is brown and dark yellowish brown cobbly

silt loam about 4 inches thick. The subsoil is about 16

inches thick. It is dark yellowish brown cobbly silt loam

in the upper part and yellowish brown very cobbly silt

loam in the lower part. Fractured quartzite bedrock is

at a depth of about 30 inches. The depth to hard

bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. In places the

slope is less than 15 or more than 30 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Ribhill soils that have bedrock at a depth of more than

40 inches and areas of rock outcrops. Also included

are areas of soils that have bedrock within a depth of

20 inches. Inclusions make up about 5 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in this Ribhill soil.

Available water capacity is low. The organic matter

content in the surface layer is high or very high.

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. Some

are used for recreation and wildlife habitat.

This soil is generally unsuited to use as cropland,

hayland, or pasture because of the slope and the

many cobbles, stones, and rock outcrops.

This soil is suited to trees. The slope and plant

competition are the main management concerns. Also,

the use of planting and harvesting equipment is limited

by the cobbles, stones, and rock outcrops. Seedling

survival on the steeper slopes facing south or west

can be improved by carefully planting vigorous nursery

stock. Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical means.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the depth to bedrock, seepage of

effluent into fractures and cracks in the bedrock, and

the large stones, this soil is generally unsuited to

septic tank absorption fields. It is generally unsuited to

dwellings because of the depth to bedrock, the slope,

and the large stones. Overcoming these limitations is

difficult.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads because of

the slope and the large stones. The slope can be

reduced by cutting and filling. The cutting and filling

can expose the bedrock, which in turn can be

removed by blasting or by using a jackhammer or

other suitable power equipment. The large stones can

be removed by mechanical means. Otherwise,

additions of suitable fill material can raise the roadbed

a sufficient distance above the stones.

The land capability classification is VIIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 4R.

RcB—Rietbrock silt loam, 1 to 8 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level to sloping, somewhat poorly

drained soil is along the edges of drainageways, at the

base of slopes, and on the convex or concave tops of

broad knolls on ground moraines and uplands. Most

areas are irregular in shape or long and narrow and

range from about 10 to 360 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 8 inches thick. The subsurface

layer is brown, mottled silt loam about 3 inches thick.

The next 11 inches is brown, mottled silt loam and

dark brown, mottled loam. The subsoil is about 23

inches thick. It is dark brown and mottled. It is gravelly

loam in the upper part, gravelly clay loam in the next

part, and cobbly loam in the lower part. Shattered

igneous and metamorphic bedrock is at a depth of

about 45 inches. The depth to hard bedrock ranges

from 40 to 60 inches. In some places the upper part of

the soil is loam or sandy loam. In other places the

slope is less than 1 or more than 8 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Dolph, Fenwood, Loyal, Meadland, Mylrea, Sherry,

and Withee soils. Dolph, Meadland, Mylrea, and

Withee soils are in landscape positions similar to

those the Rietbrock soil. They do not have bedrock

within a depth of 60 inches. The well drained Fenwood

and moderately well drained Loyal soils are in the

higher landscape positions. Loyal soils do not have

bedrock within a depth of 60 inches. The poorly

drained and very poorly drained Sherry soils are in

depressions and drainageways. Also included are

small areas of Rietbrock soils that have cobbles and

stones in the surface layer and areas of soils that have
78 Soil Survey of

bedrock within a depth of 40 inches. Included soils

make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in this

Rietbrock soil. Surface runoff is slow or medium.

Available water capacity is moderate. The organic

matter content in the surface layer also is moderate.

During wet periods a seasonal high water table is at a

depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a slight or

moderate hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such

as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of

crop residue on the surface, terraces, diversions,

cover crops, and contour stripcropping help to prevent

excessive soil loss. Construction of the terraces and

diversions is limited by the gravelly and cobbly subsoil

and the bedrock. Excess water also is a problem,

mainly in the less sloping areas. It limits the choice of

crops or results in crop damage in most years. It also

delays field preparation, planting, or harvest. Land

smoothing, surface drains, and diversions help to

remove this water. Hillside seeps and springs are

common on this soil. Excess water from these areas

can be removed by diversions, tile drains, and grassed

waterways. The depth to which the tile can be

installed, however, is limited by the gravelly and cobbly

subsoil and the bedrock.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of the wetness,

the trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Harvesting is frequently limited to

periods when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut

or area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow

of the remaining trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and the moderately slow

permeability, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. In some areas the effluent can be

pumped to an absorption field in better suited soils

that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel,

or by installing a good surface and subsurface

drainage system.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3W.

ReB—Rietbrock silt loam, 1 to 8 percent

slopes, stony

This deep, nearly level to sloping, somewhat poorly

drained soil is on the convex or concave tops of broad

knolls, at the base of slopes, and along the edges of

drainageways on ground moraines and uplands. Many

cobbles and stones are in the surface layer. Most

areas are long and narrow or irregular in shape and

range from about 10 to 640 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 5 inches thick. The subsurface

layer is brown, mottled silt loam about 4 inches thick.

The next layer is about 11 inches thick. It is mottled. It

is brown silt loam and dark brown loam. The subsoil is

about 22 inches thick. It is dark brown and mottled. It

is gravelly loam in the upper part and cobbly loam in

the lower part. Shattered igneous and metamorphic

bedrock is at a depth of about 42 inches. The depth to

hard bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. In places

the upper part of the soil is loam, sandy loam, or

gravelly loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Fenwood soils in the higher landscape

positions and areas of the poorly drained and very

poorly drained Sherry soils in drainageways and

depressions. Also included are small areas of

Rietbrock soils that do not have cobbles and stones in

the surface layer or have bedrock at a depth of more

than 60 inches, areas of soils that have bedrock within

a depth of 40 inches, and areas of rock outcrops.

Inclusions make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual

mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in this

Rietbrock soil. Available water capacity is moderate.

The organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderate or high. During wet periods a seasonal high

water table is at a depth of 1 to 3 feet.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 79

Most areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used for pasture or wildlife habitat.

This soil is generally unsuited to corn and small

grain and to grasses and legumes for rotational hay

and pasture because of wetness and cobbles, stones,

and rock outcrops on the surface.

This soil is suited to trees. The use of planting and

harvesting equipment is limited by the cobbles, stones,

and rock outcrops and by the wetness. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of woodland

wildlife habitat. The vegetation that provides food and

cover can be planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and the moderately slow

permeability, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. In some areas the effluent can be

pumped to an absorption field in better suited soils

that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel,

or by installing a good surface and subsurface

drainage system.

The land capability classification is IIIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3X.

RhA—Rockers loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil is in slightly convex and

concave areas on ground moraines. Most areas are

long and narrow or irregular in shape and range from

about 4 to 200 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is black loamy sand

about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is grayish

brown loamy sand about 3 inches thick. The upper

part of the subsoil is about 12 inches thick. It is dark

reddish brown loamy sand and dark brown, mottled

loamy sand. The next layer is brown and dark

yellowish brown, mottled loamy sand about 9 inches

thick. The lower part of the subsoil is grayish brown,

mottled gravelly loam about 11 inches thick. The

substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is dark

brown, mottled gravelly sandy loam. In places the

upper part of the soil is sandy loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Guenther soils and the

poorly drained Dancy soils. Guenther soils are in the

higher landscape positions. Dancy soils are in

drainageways and depressions. Also included are

small areas of the Rockers soils that have cobbles and

stones in the surface layer or have bedrock at a depth

of less than 60 inches and small areas of Meadland

soils in landscape positions similar to those of the

Rockers soil. Meadland soils have more silt and clay

and less sand in the upper part than does the Rockers

soil. Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

upper part of the subsoil in this Rockers soil and

moderately slow in the substratum. Surface runoff is

slow. Available water capacity is moderate. The

organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderately low. During wet periods a seasonal high

water table is at a depth of 1 to 3 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland.

Some are used as cropland. A few are used for

pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

Unless the soil is adequately drained, excess water

limits the choice of crops or results in crop damage in

most years. It also delays field preparation, planting, or

harvest. Land smoothing, surface drains, and

diversions help to remove this water. The soil is

subject to soil blowing. Conservation tillage practices,

such as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface, cover crops, wind

stripcropping, and field windbreaks help to prevent

excessive soil loss. A cropping system that includes

rotational hay and pasture also help to prevent

excessive soil loss. Proper management of crop

residue and green manure crops help to control soil

blowing, maintain or increase the organic matter

content, and increase the rate of water infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of the wetness,

the trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Harvesting is frequently limited to

periods when the soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut
80 Soil Survey of

or area-selection methods helps to prevent windthrow

of the remaining trees. Competing vegetation

interferes with natural regeneration following harvest. It

can be controlled by applying suitable herbicides or by

mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and the moderately slow

permeability, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. In some areas the effluent can be

pumped to an absorption field in better suited soils

that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, or

constructing basements above the level of wetness

helps to overcome this limitation. The wetness also

can be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is poorly suited to

local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by replacing the upper part of the soil with

coarse textured base material, such as sand or gravel,

or by installing a good surface and subsurface

drainage system.

The land capability classification is IIIw. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3W.

RoA—Rosholt sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, well drained soil is on flats

on outwash plains and stream terraces. Most areas

are irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 80

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sandy

loam about 8 inches thick. The next layer is brown and

dark brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The

subsoil is about 13 inches thick. It is dark brown sandy

loam in the upper part and strong brown loamy sand in

the lower part. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is strong brown gravelly sand. In some places

the surface layer is loam or loamy sand. In other

places the slope is more than 2 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Scott Lake soils in the

slightly lower landscape positions. Also included are

small areas of Chetek soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Rosholt soil and small areas of

Rosholt soils that have cobbles in the surface layer

and subsoil. Chetek soils have a thinner solum than

does the Rosholt soil and are somewhat excessively

drained. Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent

of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil of this Rosholt soil and rapid in the substratum.

Surface runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low.

The organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderately low or moderate.

Most areas of this soil are used as cropland. A few

are used as woodland or pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. It tends to be droughty during

periods of low rainfall. Where an adequate water

supply is available, irrigation can supplement rainfall. If

irrigated, this soil is suited to vegetable crops, such as

potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. Soil blowing is

a hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such as

chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of crop

residue on the surface, wind stripcropping, cover

crops, and field windbreaks help to prevent excessive

soil loss. A cropping system that includes rotational

hay and pasture also is effective in preventing

excessive soil loss. Proper management of crop

residue and green manure crops help to prevent

excessive soil loss, maintain or increase the organic

matter content, and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

This soil is suited to dwellings. Because of frost

action, it is only moderately suited to local roads and

streets. This limitation can be overcome by covering or

replacing the upper part of the soil with coarse

textured base material, such as sand or gravel.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 81

The land capability classification is IIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

RoB—Rosholt sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

This deep, gently sloping, well drained soil is in

convex and concave areas on outwash plains and

stream terraces. Most areas are irregular in shape and

range from about 10 to 400 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The next

layer is brown and dark brown sandy loam about 7

inches thick. The subsoil is about 13 inches thick. It is

dark brown. It is gravelly sandy loam in the upper part

and very gravelly loamy coarse sand in the lower part.

The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is brown

and reddish yellow very gravelly sand. In some places

the upper part of the soil is loam or loamy sand. In

other places the substratum is loamy sand. In some

areas the slope is less than 2 or more than 6 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Scott Lake soils in the

slightly lower landscape positions. Also included are

small areas of Chetek soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Rosholt soil and small areas of

Rosholt soils that have cobbles in the surface layer

and subsoil. Chetek soils have a thinner solum than

does the Rosholt soil and are somewhat excessively

drained. Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent

of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil of this Rosholt soil and rapid in the substratum.

Surface runoff is slow. Available water capacity is low.

The organic matter content in the surface layer is

moderately low or moderate.

Many areas are used as cropland. Some are used

as woodland or pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a slight or moderate hazard. Also soil

blowing is a hazard. Conservation tillage practices,

such as chisel planting, that leave a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface, contour stripcropping,

and contour farming help to prevent excessive water

erosion. Wind stripcropping, cover crops, conservation

tillage, and field windbreaks reduce the hazard of soil

blowing. A cropping system that includes rotational

hay and pasture also is effective in preventing

excessive soil loss. The soil tends to be droughty

during periods of low rainfall. Where an adequate

water supply is available, irrigation can supplement

rainfall. If irrigated, the soil is suited to vegetable crops,

such as potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

help to prevent excessive soil loss, maintain or

increase the organic matter content, and conserve

moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

This soil is suited to dwellings. Because of frost

action, it is only moderately suited to local roads and

streets. This limitation can be overcome by covering or

replacing the upper part of the soil with coarse

textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

RsA—Rosholt silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, well drained soil is on flats

on outwash plains and stream terraces. Most areas

are irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 80

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 8 inches thick. The next layer is

about 17 inches thick. It is brown and dark brown. It is

silt loam in the upper part and loam in the lower part.

The subsoil is about 14 inches thick. It is dark brown. It

is loam in the upper part and gravelly sandy loam in

the lower part. The substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is brown very gravelly sand. In some places the

upper part of the soil is fine sandy loam or loam. In

other places the slope is more than 2 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Scott Lake soils in the
82 Soil Survey of

slightly lower landscape positions. These soils make

up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil of this Rosholt soil and rapid in the substratum.

Surface runoff is slow. Available water capacity is

moderate. The organic matter content in the surface

layer also is moderate.

Most areas of this soil are used as cropland. A few

are used as woodland or pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. It tends to be droughty during

periods of low rainfall. Where an adequate water

supply is available, irrigation can supplement rainfall. If

irrigated, the soil is suited to vegetable crops, such as

potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

increase the rate of water infiltration, maintain or

increase the organic matter content, and conserve

moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

This soil is suited to dwellings. Because of frost

action, it is only moderately suited to local roads and

streets. This limitation can be overcome by covering or

replacing the upper part of the soil with coarse

textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

RsB—Rosholt silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

This deep, gently sloping, well drained soil is in

convex and concave areas on outwash plains and

stream terraces. Most areas are irregular in shape and

range from about 4 to 120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown silt loam

about 7 inches thick. The next layer is about 11 inches

thick. It is brown and dark brown. It is silt loam in the

upper part and loam in the lower part. The subsoil is

about 16 inches thick. It is dark brown. It is loam in the

upper part and gravelly sandy loam in the lower part.

The substratum to a depth of about 60 inches is strong

brown very gravelly sand. In some places the upper

part of the soil is fine sandy loam or loam. In other

places the slope is less than 2 or more than 6 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Scott Lake soils in the

slightly lower landscape positions. These soils make

up about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil of this Rosholt soil and rapid in the substratum.

Surface runoff is slow or medium. Available water

capacity is moderate. The organic matter content in

the surface layer also is moderate.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

areas are used as woodland. A few are used for

pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. If this soil is cultivated, water

erosion is a slight or moderate hazard. Conservation

tillage practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

contour stripcropping, and contour farming help to

prevent excessive soil loss. A cropping system that

includes rotational hay or pasture also is effective in

controlling water erosion. The soil tends to be droughty

during periods of low rainfall. Where an adequate

water supply is available, irrigation can supplement

rainfall. If irrigated, the soil is suited to vegetable crops,

such as potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

help to prevent excessive soil loss, increase the rate of

water infiltration, maintain or increase the organic

matter content, and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled
Marathon County, Wisconsin 83

by applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical

removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

This soil can readily absorb the effluent in septic

tank absorption fields but does not adequately filter it.

The poor filtering capacity can result in the pollution of

ground water.

This soil is suited to dwellings. Because of frost

action, it is only moderately suited to local roads and

streets. This limitation can be overcome by covering or

replacing the upper part of the soil with coarse

textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIe. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

ScA—Scott Lake sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

moderately well drained soil is on broad or narrow flats

adjacent to lower lying depressions on outwash plains

and stream terraces. Most areas are irregular in shape

and range from about 4 to 120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sandy

loam about 8 inches thick. The next layer is brown and

dark brown sandy loam about 14 inches thick. The

subsoil is about 11 inches thick. It is dark brown sandy

loam in the upper part and strong brown, mottled

loamy sand in the lower part. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is light yellowish brown,

mottled gravelly coarse sand. In places the upper part

of the soil is loam or loamy sand.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat excessively drained Chetek soils, the

well drained Rosholt soils, and the somewhat poorly

drained Oesterle soils. Chetek and Rosholt soils are in

the slightly higher landscape positions. Oesterle soils

are in the slightly lower positions. Also included are

small areas of Mahtomedi soils in landscape positions

similar to those of the Scott Lake soil. Mahtomedi soils

have more sand and less silt and clay in the surface

layer and subsoil than does the Scott Lake soil.

Included soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of

individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this Scott

Lake soil and rapid in the substratum. Surface runoff is

slow. Available water capacity is low. The organic

matter content in the surface layer is moderately low

or moderate. During wet periods a seasonal high

water table is at a depth of 2.5 to 6.0 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. It tends to be droughty during

periods of low rainfall. Where an adequate water

supply is available, irrigation can supplement rainfall. If

irrigated, the soil is suited to vegetable crops, such as

potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. Soil blowing is

a hazard. Conservation tillage practices, such as

chisel planting, that leave a protective amount of crop

residue on the surface, wind stripcropping, cover

crops, field windbreaks, and a cropping system that

includes rotational hay and pasture help to prevent

excessive soil loss. Proper management of crop

residue and green manure crops help to prevent

excessive soil loss, maintain or increase the organic

matter content, and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. During periods of low rainfall, however, yields

are reduced because of the low available water

capacity. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and a poor filtering capacity,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. It can readily absorb effluent but does not

adequately filter it. The poor filtering capacity can

result in the pollution of ground water. In some areas

both of the limitations can be overcome by

constructing a mound of suitable filtering material. In

places the effluent can be pumped to an absorption

field in better suited soils that are higher on the

landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings with basements. It is suited to

dwellings without basements. The basement can be

constructed above the level of wetness. Otherwise, the

wetness can be reduced by installing a subsurface

drainage system that has a dependable outlet, such

as a gravity outlet.
84 Soil Survey of

Because of frost action, this soil is only moderately

suited to local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by installing a subsurface drainage system

in the roadbed or by replacing the upper part of the

soil with coarse textured base material, such as sand

or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

SdA—Scott Lake silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

moderately well drained soil is on broad or narrow flats

adjacent to lower lying depressions on outwash plains

and stream terraces. Most areas are irregular in shape

and range from about 4 to 120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is dark brown silt loam

about 8 inches thick. The next layer is about 15 inches

thick. It is brown and dark yellowish brown silt loam in

the upper part and dark brown loam in the lower part.

The subsoil is about 8 inches thick. It is mottled. It is

dark brown loam in the upper part and yellowish red

sandy loam in the lower part. The substratum to a

depth of about 60 inches is yellowish brown, mottled

sand. In places the upper part of the soil is loam or

fine sandy loam.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the well drained Rosholt soils and the somewhat

poorly drained Oesterle soils. Rosholt soils are in the

slightly higher landscape positions. Oesterle soils are

in the slightly lower positions. Included soils make up

about 5 to 15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil of this Scott

Lake soil and rapid in the substratum. Surface runoff is

slow. Available water capacity is moderate. The

organic matter content in the surface layer also is

moderate. During wet periods a seasonal high water

table is at a depth of 2.5 to 6.0 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. Some

are used as woodland. A few are used for pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. It

also is suited to ginseng. It tends to be droughty during

periods of low rainfall. Where an adequate water

supply is available, sprinkler irrigation can supplement

rainfall. If irrigated, the soil is suited to vegetable crops,

such as potatoes, sweet corn, and snap beans. Proper

management of crop residue and green manure crops

help to maintain or increase the organic matter content

and conserve moisture.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of low soil

strength, the use of harvesting or planting equipment

is limited during the spring thaw and during extended

periods of high rainfall. This limitation can be overcome

by restricting the use of equipment during these times.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of wetness and a poor filtering capacity,

this soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption

fields. It can readily absorb but does not adequately

filter the effluent. The poor filtering capacity can result

in the pollution of ground water. In some areas both of

the limitations can be overcome by constructing a

mound of suitable filtering material. In places the

effluent can be pumped to an absorption field in better

suited soils that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is only moderately

suited to dwellings with basements. It is suited to

dwellings without basements. The basement can be

constructed above the level of wetness. Otherwise, the

wetness can be reduced by installing a subsurface

drainage system that has a dependable outlet, such

as a gravity outlet.

Because of frost action, this soil is only moderately

suited to local roads and streets. This limitation can be

overcome by installing a subsurface drainage system

in the roadbed or by replacing the upper part of the

soil with coarse textured base material, such as sand

or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIs. The

woodland ordination symbol is 3L.

Se—Seelyeville muck, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, very poorly drained soil is in

bogs, depressions, and drainageways on outwash

plains, glacial lake plains, and ground moraines. It is

subject to ponding. Most areas are irregular in shape

and range from about 4 to 400 acres in size.

Typically, black muck extends to a depth of at least

60 inches. In some places the surface layer is peat. In

other places sandy or loamy deposits are at a depth of

16 to 51 inches.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Hatley and Oesterle
Marathon County, Wisconsin 85

soils in the higher landscape positions. These soils

make up about 5 to 10 percent of individual mapped

areas.

Permeability is moderately slow to moderately rapid

in this Seelyeville soil. Available water capacity is very

high. The organic matter content also is very high.

During wet periods a seasonal high water table is at or

above the surface.

Many areas of this soil are used as wetland wildlife

habitat. Some are used as woodland.

Undrained areas are generally unsuited to

cultivated crops because of wetness and because of

frost late in spring and early in fall. Most areas cannot

be drained because of a lack of adequate outlets, but

a few areas can be drained by open ditches. Drained

areas are suited to oats and to grasses and legumes

for rotational hay and pasture. This soil is generally

unsuited to corn because of the hazard of freezing. If

drained and used as cropland, the soil is subject to

subsidence and soil blowing. A system of controlled

drainage that keeps the water table directly below the

root zone of the crops reduces the susceptibility to

subsidence and soil blowing. Field windbreaks, wind

stripcropping, and cover crops also help to control soil

blowing.

Drained areas are suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness,

reforestation is limited to natural regeneration.

Harvesting is frequently limited to periods when the

soil is frozen. Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection

methods helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining

trees. Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

This soil is generally unsuited to septic tank

absorption fields, dwellings, and local roads and

streets because of ponding and subsidence.

Overcoming these limitations is difficult.

The land capability classification is VIw in undrained

areas. The woodland ordination symbol is 8W.

ShA—Sherry silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping, poorly

drained and very poorly drained soil is in

drainageways and depressions on ground moraines. It

is subject to ponding. Most areas are long and narrow

or irregular in shape and range from about 4 to 280

acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown and

very dark grayish brown, mottled silt loam about 8

inches thick. The subsurface layer is light brownish

gray, mottled silt loam about 5 inches thick. The

subsoil is about 25 inches thick. It is mottled. It is light

brownish gray silt loam in the upper part, grayish

brown silt loam in the next part, and brown loam in the

lower part. The next layer is dark brown, mottled loam

about 6 inches thick. The substratum to a depth of

about 60 inches is multicolored loam. In some places

the upper part of the soil is loamy sand, sandy loam,

or loam. In other places the subsoil and substratum

are clay.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the somewhat poorly drained Meadland, Mylrea,

Rietbrock, and Withee soils in the higher landscape

positions. Also included are areas of Sherry soils that

have cobbles and stones in the surface layer. Included

soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual

mapped areas.

Permeability is moderately slow or moderate in the

upper part of this Sherry soil and moderately slow in

the lower part. Surface runoff is very slow or ponded.

Available water capacity is high. The organic matter

content in the surface layer is high or very high. During

wet periods a seasonal high water table is within a

depth of 1 foot.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used as cropland or pasture.

Undrained areas are generally unsuitable as

cropland because of the wetness and the hazard of

frost late in spring and early in fall. If drained, this soil

is suited to oats and to clover and timothy for rotational

hay and pasture. It is generally unsuited to corn

because of the hazard of freezing. Land smoothing

and surface drains help to remove excess water.

Cleared areas in intermittent drainageways can be

used as grassed waterways.

Drained areas are suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of the wetness,

the trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock helps

to overcome seedling mortality. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.
86 Soil Survey of

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of wetland

wildlife habitat. Shallow ponds can be excavated, and

the vegetation that provides food and cover can be

planted or can naturally regenerate.

Because of the ponding and the moderately slow

permeability, this soil is generally unsuited to septic

tank absorption fields. Because of the ponding, it is

generally unsuited to dwellings. Overcoming these

limitations is difficult.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads because of

the ponding and frost action. The ponding can be

overcome by removing the surface water through

culverts and ditches or by adding fill material to raise

the roads above the ponding level. Culverts also help

to prevent road damage by equalizing the water level

on each side of the road. The potential for frost action

can be reduced by excavating the upper part of the

soil and replacing it with coarse textured base

material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is VIw in undrained

areas and IIIw in drained areas. The woodland

ordination symbol is 3W.

St—Sturgeon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

This deep, nearly level, somewhat poorly drained

soil is in convex areas on flood plains and on islands

in large rivers. Many areas have been dissected by

overflow channels. The soil is subject to occasional

flooding of brief duration. Individual areas are long and

narrow or irregular in shape and range from about 4 to

120 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 8 inches thick. The upper 10

inches of the substratum is dark yellowish brown silt

loam. The next 13 inches is dark brown, mottled,

stratified silt loam, sandy loam, and loam. The next 10

inches is dark yellowish brown, mottled sand. The

lower part of the substratum to a depth of about 60

inches is brown sand. In some places the surface layer

and the upper part of the substratum are loam, fine

sandy loam, or sandy loam. In other places the lower

part of the substratum is gravelly or very gravelly sand.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Dunnville soils in the

higher landscape positions and small areas of the

poorly drained and very poorly drained Fordum soils in

the lower positions. Included soils make up about 5 to

15 percent of individual mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the loamy upper part of

this Sturgeon soil and rapid in the sandy lower part.

Surface runoff is slow. Available water capacity is

moderate. The organic matter content in the surface

layer also is moderate. During wet periods a seasonal

high water table is at a depth of 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet.

Many areas of this soil are used as woodland. A few

are used as cropland, pasture, or wildlife habitat.

Because of the wetness and the hazard of flooding,

this soil is poorly suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture.

Many areas are inaccessible because they are

separated from the uplands by areas of water or the

included Fordum soils. A few areas can be artificially

drained, protected from flooding, and used as

cropland, but excess water limits the choice of crops

or results in crop damage in most years. The wetness

also delays field preparation, planting, or harvest.

Proper management of crop residue and green

manure crops help to maintain or increase the organic

matter content and increase the rate of water

infiltration.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. The wetness and the flooding, however, limit

the kind of plants that can be grown. Proper stocking

rates, pasture renovation, rotational grazing, and

timely deferment of grazing help to keep the pasture in

good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of the wetness,

the trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock

reduces the seedling mortality rate. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applying suitable herbicides or by mechanical removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the flooding and the wetness, this soil

generally is unsuited to septic tank absorption fields

and dwellings. Overcoming these limitations is difficult.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads because of

the wetness, the flooding, and frost action. Fill material

can be used to raise the roadbed above the wetness

level. The hazard of flooding can be reduced by

building on fill material, which can raise the roads

above the level of flooding, and by establishing stable

overflow sections. Covering a dip in the road with

strong concrete and installing riprap on the roadsides

help to establish these stable sections. Installing large

bridges and culverts permits the floodwater to drain
Marathon County, Wisconsin 87

away from the site. The potential for frost action can be

reduced by excavating the upper part of the soil and

replacing it with coarse textured base material, such

as sand or gravel, and by increasing the thickness of

the pavement.

The land capability classification is IIIw. The

woodland ordination symbol is 2W.

UoB—Udorthents, loamy, gently sloping

These moderately deep or deep, nearly level and

gently sloping, somewhat poorly drained to well

drained soils are mostly near or within urban areas

and major highway interchanges. In these areas the

original soil has been excavated or covered with fill.

Most areas are irregular in shape and range from

about 4 to 200 acres in size. Slope ranges from 0 to 6

percent.

Typically, these soils are loamy and have a wide

range of color. The thickness of the fill or depth of

excavation is more than 3 feet. In many places topsoil

has been spread over the surface so that vegetation

can grow. In some areas the slope is more than 6

percent.

Included in mapping are small areas that have not

been excavated or filled, areas covered with buildings,

roads, and parking lots, and areas where the fill is

nonsoil material, such as broken concrete, stones,

boulders, wood, or other trash. Also included are

areas where the fill is sand, gravel, or sand and gravel

and gravel pits that have been reshaped and

revegetated. Included areas make up about 10 to 15

percent of the map unit.

These soils have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of 1 foot to more than 5 feet. Permeability and

available water capacity vary. The depth to bedrock is

20 inches to more than 60 inches.

Most areas are used for urban development or as

highway rights-of-way. A few are used as cropland or

pasture or have been planted to trees or shrubs. The

present use of these soils, or their variable nature,

make it difficult to rate the suitability for cultivated

crops, pasture, and trees without onsite investigation.

In most areas, erosion is a hazard and a plant cover is

needed. In cultivated areas conservation tillage

practices, such as chisel planting, that leave a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface,

cover crops, or stripcropping helps to prevent

excessive soil loss.

The suitability of these soils for septic tank

absorption fields, dwellings with or without basements,

and local roads and streets can be determined only by

onsite investigation.

These soils are not assigned a land capability

classification or a woodland ordination symbol.

UoE—Udorthents, loamy, steep (earthen

dam)

This map unit consists of loamy soil material used

as a structure for impounding water.

No land capability classification has been assigned.

WtA, WtB—Withee silt loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes

This deep, nearly level and gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained soil is in concave areas on

broad ground moraines. Most areas are irregular in

shape and range from about 4 to 1,000 acres in size.

Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish

brown silt loam about 8 inches thick. The subsurface

layer is brown, mottled silt loam about 5 inches thick.

The next layer is about 19 inches thick. It is mottled. It

is brown and dark brown silt loam in the upper part

and dark brown loam and brown silt loam in the lower

part. The subsoil is about 13 inches thick. It is reddish

brown and mottled. It is clay loam in the upper part

and sandy clay loam in the lower part. The substratum

to a depth of about 60 inches is reddish brown sandy

clay loam. In some places the subsoil and substratum

are sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam, or gravelly

sandy clay loam. In other places the substratum is

loamy material weathered from igneous and

metamorphic bedrock. In some areas the slope is

more than 3 percent.

Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

the moderately well drained Loyal soils, the somewhat

poorly drained Mylrea and Rietbrock soils, and the

poorly drained Marshfield and Sherry soils. Also

included are areas of Withee soils that have cobbles

and stones in the surface layer. Mylrea and Rietbrock

soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the

Withee soil. Also, Mylrea soils have more gravel in the

subsoil and substratum. Rietbrock soils have bedrock

at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Marshfield and Sherry

soils are in drainageways and depressions. Included

soils make up about 5 to 15 percent of individual

mapped areas.

Permeability is moderate in the silty upper part of

this Withee soil and very slow in the loamy till. Surface

runoff is slow. Available water capacity is moderate.

The organic matter content in the surface layer also is

moderate. During wet periods a seasonal high water

table is at a depth of 0.5 foot to 2.5 feet.
88 Soil Survey of

Many areas of this soil are used as cropland. A few

are used as woodland or pasture.

This soil is suited to corn and small grain and to

grasses and legumes for rotational hay and pasture. If

this soil is cultivated, water erosion is a slight hazard.

Excess water limits the choice of crops or results in

crop damage in most years. It also delays field

preparation, planting, and harvesting. Land smoothing,

surface drains, and diversions help to remove this

water. Leaving crop residue on the surface, adding

other organic material to the soil, minimizing tillage,

tilling and harvesting at the proper soil moisture

content, and including grasses and legumes in the

cropping sequence help to prevent excessive

compaction, reduce crusting, and maintain good tilth.

This soil is suited to permanent pasture and

hayland. Proper stocking rates, pasture renovation,

rotational grazing, and timely deferment of grazing

help to keep the pasture in good condition.

This soil is suited to trees. Because of wetness, the

trees should be planted by hand or machine on

prepared ridges. Planting vigorous nursery stock

reduces the seedling mortality rate. Harvesting is

frequently limited to periods when the soil is frozen.

Harvesting by clear-cut or area-selection methods

helps to prevent windthrow of the remaining trees.

Competing vegetation interferes with natural

regeneration following harvest. It can be controlled by

applications of suitable herbicide or by mechanical

removal.

This soil is suited to the development of openland

and woodland wildlife habitat. The vegetation that

provides food and cover can be planted or can

naturally regenerate.

Because of the wetness and the restricted

permeability, this soil is poorly suited to septic tank

absorption fields. In some areas the effluent can be

pumped to an absorption field in better suited soils

that are higher on the landscape.

Because of the wetness, this soil is poorly suited to

dwellings. Building dwellings without basements on fill

material, which raises the level of the site, and

constructing basements above the level of wetness

help to overcome this limitation. The wetness also can

be overcome by installing a subsurface drainage

system that has a dependable outlet, such as a gravity

outlet.

This soil is poorly suited to local roads and streets

because of the wetness and frost action. The wetness

can be overcome by using fill material to raise the

roadbed above the level of wetness; by installing a

subsurface drainage system, which lowers the water

table; or by increasing the thickness of the subbase.

The potential for frost action can be reduced by

installing a subsurface drainage system in the roadbed

or by replacing the upper part of the soil with coarse

textured base material, such as sand or gravel.

The land capability classification is IIw. The

woodland ordination symbol is 4W.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important

farmland defined by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the

Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that responsible levels of government, as well as

individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department

of Agriculture, is the land that is best suited to food,

feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. It may be

cultivated land, pasture, woodland, or other land, but it

is not urban and built-up land or water areas. It either

is used for food or fiber crops or is available for those

crops. The soil qualities, growing season, and moisture

supply are those needed for a well managed soil to

produce a sustained high yield of crops in an

economic manner. Prime farmland produces the

highest yields with minimal inputs of energy and

economic resources, and farming it results in the least

damage to the environment.

Prime farmland has an adequate and dependable

supply of moisture from precipitation or irrigation. The

temperature and growing season are favorable. The

level of acidity or alkalinity is acceptable. Prime

farmland has few or no rocks and is permeable to

water and air. It is not excessively erodible or

saturated with water for long periods and is not

frequently flooded during the growing season. The

slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed

information about the criteria for prime farmland is

available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

About 500,000 acres in the survey area, or nearly

50 percent of the total land acreage, meets the soil

requirements for prime farmland. Scattered areas of

this land are throughout the county, but most are in

associations 1, 2, and 5, which are described under

the heading “General Soil Map Units.” About 330,000

acres of this prime farmland is used for crops. The

crops grown on this land, mainly corn and alfalfa,

account for an estimated two-thirds of the county’s

total agricultural income each year.

A recent trend in land use in some parts of the

county has been the loss of some prime farmland to
Marathon County, Wisconsin 89

industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime farmland

to other uses puts pressure on marginal lands, which

generally are more erodible, droughty, and less

productive and cannot be easily cultivated.

The map units in the survey area that are

considered prime farmland are listed in table 5. This

list does not constitute a recommendation for a

particular land use. The extent of each listed map unit

is shown in table 4. The location is shown on the

detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use

and management are described under the heading

“Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Some soils that have a seasonal high water table

qualify for prime farmland only in areas where this

limitation has been overcome by drainage measures.

The need for these measures is indicated after the

map unit name in table 5. Onsite evaluation is needed

to determine whether or not this limitation has been

overcome by corrective measures.

91

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help avoid

soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavior

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreation facilities; and for wildlife habitat. It

can be used to identify the suitability and limitations of

each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent

construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use

it to identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very

firm soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Crops and Pasture

General management needed for crops and pasture

is suggested in this section. The crops or pasture

plants best suited to the soils, including some not

commonly grown in the survey area, are identified; the

system of land capability classification used by the

Natural Resources Conservation Service is explained;

and the estimated yields of the main crops and hay

and pasture plants are listed for each soil.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider the detailed

information given in the description of each soil under

“Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific information can be

obtained from the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension

Service.

About 410,000 acres in Marathon County was used

for crops and pasture in 1982, according to the

Census of Agriculture. Of this total about 38,000 acres

was used for permanent pasture; 94,000 acres for row

crops, mainly corn; 42,000 acres for small grain,

mainly oats; and 227,000 acres for hay and pasture.

The rest was idle cropland.

The potential of the soils in Marathon County for

increased production of crops is good. About 245,000

acres of potentially good cropland is used as

woodland, and about 35,000 acres is used for pasture.

In addition to the reserve capacity represented by this

land, food production could also be increased

considerably by extending better crop production

technology to all parts of the county.

Water erosion is the major soil problem on about 75

percent of the cropland and pasture in Marathon

County. Where the slope is more than 2 percent, water

erosion is a hazard.

Loss of the surface layer through water erosion is

damaging for two reasons. First, productivity is

reduced as the surface layer is lost and part of the

subsoil is incorporated into the plow layer. Erosion is

especially damaging on soils that have an acid

subsoil, such as that of the Loyal soils. It is also

damaging on soils that have a cobbly subsoil and

bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches, such as the

Fenwood soils. Water erosion also reduces the

productivity of soils that tend to be droughty, such as

the Mahtomedi soils. Secondly, erosion on farmland

results in the sedimentation of streams, reducing the

quality of water available for municipal use, for

recreation, and for fish and wildlife.

Water erosion can generally be controlled by

Use and Management of the Soils
92 Soil Survey of

practices that provide a protective surface cover,

reduce the runoff rate, and increase the rate of water

infiltration. A cropping system that keeps a plant cover

on the soil for extended periods can hold soil losses to

amounts small enough that yields will not be reduced.

On dairy farms, which require pasture and hay,

including forage crops of grasses and legumes in the

cropping system reduces the hazard of water erosion

on sloping land and also provides nitrogen and

improves tilth for the other crops grown in the rotation.

Conservation tillage systems that leave protective

amounts of crop residue on the surface, such as notill, till-plant, chisel planting, and disk planting, increase

the infiltration rate and reduce the runoff rate and the

hazard of water erosion. These systems can be

adapted to most of the soils in the county, but they are

less successful on the poorly drained soils.

Terraces and diversions help to control runoff and

water erosion by reducing the length of slopes.

Contour farming and stripcropping also help to control

runoff and water erosion. Grassed waterways prevent

excessive water erosion in channels and increase the

infiltration rate by slowing the velocity of runoff.

Soil blowing is a hazard on the sandy Graycalm,

Guenther, Mahtomedi, Meehan, Newson, and Rockers

soils and on the organic Cathro and Seeyleville soils. It

also is a hazard on the Chetek, Dancy, Minocqua,

Rosholt, and Scott Lake soils. Soil blowing can

damage these soils in a few hours if winds are strong

and the soils are dry and bare of vegetation or surface

mulch. Maintaining a plant cover, surface mulching,

wind stripcropping, and establishing field windbreaks

minimize soil blowing on these soils.

A drainage system is a major management need on

about 20 percent of the acreage used for crops and

pasture in the county. Some soils are naturally so wet

that it is generally not possible for them to produce the

crops commonly grown in the county unless they are

drained. These are poorly drained and very poorly

drained soils, such as those of the Altdorf, Cable,

Dancy, Marshfield, Minocqua, Newson, and Sherry

series. Also in this category are organic soils, such as

those of the Cathro and Seeyleville series.

Unless artificially drained, the somewhat poorly

drained soils are so wet that the choice of crops is

limited or crop damage results in most years. The

wetness also delays field preparation, planting, or

harvesting. These problems are evident in areas of the

Dolph, Meadland, Meehan, Oesterle, Plover, and

Rockers soils and the less sloping Hatley, Magnor,

Mylrea, Rietbrock, and Withee soils.

The best design of both surface and subsurface

drainage systems depends on the kind of soil and the

site conditions. A combination of surface and

subsurface drains is needed in most areas of the

poorly drained and very poorly drained soils that are

used for intensive row cropping. Diversions are

needed in some areas to divert runoff from the

adjacent slopes.

If organic soils are used as cropland, controlled

drainage is necessary. When water is removed, the

pore spaces fill with air and the organic material

oxidizes and subsides. Special drainage systems are

needed to control the depth and the period of

drainage. Keeping the water table at the level required

for crops during the growing season and raising it to

the surface during other parts of the year minimize the

oxidation and subsidence of organic soils.

Crops are subject to frost damage in most areas of

poorly drained and very poorly drained soils because

of a low position on the landscape. The number of

frost-free growing days per season is less on these

soils than on the adjacent upland soils because of cold

air drainage to the lowlands.

Soil fertility varies in the soils of Marathon County,

depending on the cropping history. Nearly all of the

soils in the county have been weathered to a great

depth and are now acid. If they have never been limed,

they require applications of ground limestone to raise

the pH level sufficiently for the protection of alfalfa and

other crops that grow best in nearly neutral soils.

In general, coarse textured and moderately coarse

soils require less lime than medium textured soils.

Available potash levels are naturally low in many soils

of the county. On all soils additions of lime and

fertilizer should be based on the results of soil tests,

on the needs of the crop, and on the desired level of

yields. The Cooperative Extension Service can help in

determining the kinds and amounts of fertilizer and

lime to be applied.

Soil tilth is an important factor affecting the

germination and emergence of seeds and in the

infiltration of water into the soil. Soils that have good

tilth are granular and porous. Tilling or grazing when

the soil is too wet can cause poor tilth, especially on

soils that have a loam or silt loam surface layer.

Intense rainfall on bare soil can cause the formation of

a surface crust that reduces the infiltration rate and

increases the hazards of runoff and erosion.

Maintaining good tilth is more difficult on eroded soils

because they have a lower content of organic matter.

Returning crop residue to the soil and regularly

adding manure or other organic material improve soil

structure and tilth and help to prevent surface crusting.

Corn is the most common row crop grown in the

county. It is used for grain or silage. Oats is the most

common small grain. Wheat, barley, and rye are grown

in small amounts. Because of the predominance of
Marathon County, Wisconsin 93

dairying in the county, hay is an important crop. The

dominant hay crop mixture is bromegrass and alfalfa,

but red clover, alsike clover, and timothy are also

grown. Birdsfoot trefoil is well adapted to the wet soils

that are not sandy. The forage species grown on

improved pasture are the same as those grown for

hay, and much of the forage is cut and hauled to

feeding areas.

Specialty crops grown commercially in the county

are vegetables and ginseng. The most common

vegetables are potatoes, sweet corn, and cucumbers.

Information about growing specialty crops can be

obtained from local offices of the Cooperative

Extension Service and the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

Yields per Acre

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in table 6. In any given year,

yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in

the table because of variations in rainfall and other

climatic factors. The land capability classification of

each map unit also is shown in the table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents (9). Available yield data from nearby counties

and results of field trials and demonstrations are also

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in table 6 are grown

in the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed

because the acreage of such crops is small. The local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or of the Cooperative Extension Service can provide

information about the management and productivity of

the soils for those crops.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops

(13). Crops that require special management are

excluded. The soils are grouped according to their

limitations for field crops, the risk of damage if they are

used for crops, and the way they respond to

management. The criteria used in grouping the soils

do not include major and generally expensive

landforming that would change slope, depth, or other

characteristics of the soils, nor do they include

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.

Capability classification is not a substitute for

interpretations designed to show suitability and

limitations of groups of soils for woodland and for

engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils are generally grouped

at three levels: capability class, subclass, and unit.

Only class and subclass are used in this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by Roman numerals I through VIII. The

numerals indicate progressively greater limitations and

narrower choices for practical use. The classes are

defined as follows:

Class I soils have few limitations or hazards that

restrict their use.

Class II soils have moderate limitations or hazards

that reduce the choice of plants or that require

moderate conservation practices.

Class III soils have severe limitations or hazards

that reduce the choice of plants or that require special

conservation practices, or both.

Class IV soils have very severe limitations or

hazards that reduce the choice of plants or that

require very careful management, or both.

Class V soils are not likely to erode but have other

limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their use.

Class VI soils have severe limitations or hazards

that make them generally unsuitable for cultivation.

Class VII soils have very severe limitations or

hazards that make them unsuitable for cultivation.

Class VIII soils and miscellaneous areas have

limitations or hazards that nearly preclude their use for

commercial crop production.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one

class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e,

w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, IIe. The

letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of

erosion unless close-growing plant cover is

maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil

interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some soils

the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used
94 Soil Survey of

in only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry.

In class I there are no subclasses because the soils

of this class have few limitations. Class V contains only

the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c because the

soils in class V are subject to little or no erosion. They

have other limitations that restrict their use to pasture,

woodland, wildlife habitat, or recreation.

The capability classification of each map unit is

given in the section “Detailed Soil Map Units” and in

the yields table.

Woodland Management and Productivity

George W. Alley, forester, Natural Resources Conservation

Service, helped prepare this section.

Before settlement, Marathon County was entirely

covered by forest. The forested area now is about 37

percent of the land area. The rest of the county has

been cleared for agricultural or other uses. Most of the

present forest is commercial. It is dominated by two

forest types. Maple-birch makes up 43 percent of the

total, and aspen-paper birch makes up 28 percent.

The oak-hickory type grows on 5 percent, while elmash-soft maple, on the wetter soils, grows on about 4

percent. Approximately 2 percent of the total is mostly

pine in areas of sandy soils. Fir, spruce, and cedar

grow on about 1 percent. Nonstocked forest land

accounts for the remaining commercial forest.

Ownership of woodland in Marathon County is

concentrated in the private sector. Approximately 45

percent is in farm woodlots. Other private individuals

and corporations own 35 percent. The forest industry

owns about 9 percent of the forest area. Marathon

County owns about 7 percent of the total, and state

and Indian tribal forests account for the balance (7).

The extensive forests of the county support a

diverse wood-using industry ranging from small

sawmills to large paper mills.

Most of the privately owned forest is in need of

more intensive management. Probably the greatest

need is for removal of defective trees and trees of

inferior species.

Table 7 can be used by woodland owners or forest

managers in planning the use of soils for wood crops.

Only those soils suitable for wood crops are listed. The

table lists the ordination symbol for each suitable soil.

Soils assigned the same ordination symbol require the

same general management and have about the same

potential productivity.

The first part of the ordination symbol, a number,

indicates the potential productivity of the soils for an

indicator tree species. The number indicates the

volume, in cubic meters per hectare per year, which

the indicator species can produce. The number 1

indicates low potential productivity; 2 and 3, moderate;

4 and 5, moderately high; 6 to 8, high; 9 to 11, very

high; and 12 to 39, extremely high. The second part of

the symbol, a letter, indicates the major kind of soil

limitation. The letter R indicates steep slopes; X,

stoniness or rockiness; W, excess water in or on the

soil; T, toxic substances in the soil; D, restricted rooting

depth; C, clay in the upper part of the soil; S, sandy

texture; F, a high content of rock fragments in the soil;

and L, low strength. The letter A indicates that

limitations or restrictions are insignificant. If a soil has

more than one limitation, the priority is as follows: R,

X, W, T, D, C, S, F, and L.

In table 7, slight, moderate, and severe indicate the

degree of the major soil limitations to be considered in

management.

Erosion hazard is the probability that damage will

occur as a result of site preparation and cutting where

the soil is exposed along roads, skid trails, fire lanes,

and log-handling areas. Forests that have been burned

or overgrazed are also subject to erosion. Ratings of

the erosion hazard are based on the percent of the

slope. A rating of slight indicates that no particular

prevention measures are needed under ordinary

conditions. A rating of moderate indicates that erosioncontrol measures are needed in certain silvicultural

activities. A rating of severe indicates that special

precautions are needed to control erosion in most

silvicultural activities.

Equipment limitation reflects the characteristics and

conditions of the soil that restrict use of the equipment

generally needed in woodland management or

harvesting. The chief characteristics and conditions

considered in the ratings are slope, stones on the

surface, rock outcrops, soil wetness, and texture of the

surface layer. A rating of slight indicates that under

normal conditions the kind of equipment or season of

use is not significantly restricted by soil factors. Soil

wetness can restrict equipment use, but the wet period

does not exceed 1 month. A rating of moderate

indicates that equipment use is moderately restricted

because of one or more soil factors. If the soil is wet,

the wetness restricts equipment use for a period of 1

to 3 months. A rating of severe indicates that

equipment use is severely restricted either as to the

kind of equipment that can be used or the season of

use. If the soil is wet, the wetness restricts equipment

use for more than 3 months.

Seedling mortality refers to the death of naturally

occurring or planted tree seedlings, as influenced by

the kinds of soil, soil wetness, or topographic

conditions. The factors used in rating the soils for
Marathon County, Wisconsin 95

seedling mortality are texture of the surface layer,

depth to a seasonal high water table and the length of

the period when the water table is high, rock

fragments in the surface layer, effective rooting depth,

and slope aspect. A rating of slight indicates that

seedling mortality is not likely to be a problem under

normal conditions. Expected mortality is less than 25

percent. A rating of moderate indicates that some

problems from seedling mortality can be expected.

Extra precautions are advisable. Expected mortality is

25 to 50 percent. A rating of severe indicates that

seedling mortality is a serious problem. Extra

precautions are important. Replanting may be

necessary. Expected mortality is more than 50

percent.

Windthrow hazard is the likelihood that trees will be

uprooted by the wind because the soil is not deep

enough for adequate root anchorage. The main

restrictions that affect rooting are a seasonal high

water table and the depth to bedrock, a fragipan, or

other limiting layers. A rating of slight indicates that

under normal conditions no trees are blown down by

the wind. Strong winds may damage trees, but they do

not uproot them. A rating of moderate indicates that

some trees can be blown down during periods when

the soil is wet and winds are moderate or strong. A

rating of severe indicates that many trees can be

blown down during these periods.

The potential productivity of merchantable or

common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index

and as a volume number. The site index is the average

height, in feet, that dominant and codominant trees of

a given species attain in a specified number of years.

The site index applies to fully stocked, even-aged,

unmanaged stands. Commonly grown trees are those

that woodland managers generally favor in

intermediate or improvement cuttings. They are

selected on the basis of growth rate, quality, value,

and marketability.

The volume, a number, is the yield likely to be

produced by the most important trees. This number,

expressed as cubic feet per acre per year, indicates

the amount of fiber produced in a fully stocked, evenaged, unmanaged stand.

The first species listed under common trees for a

soil is the indicator species for that soil. It is the

dominant species on the soil and the one that

determines the ordination class.

Trees to plant are those that are suitable for

commercial wood production.

Additional information about woodland

management and productivity can be obtained from

the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources or

the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, and yards

from wind and snow. They also protect fruit trees and

gardens, and they furnish habitat for wildlife. Several

rows of low- and high-growing broadleaf and

coniferous trees and shrubs provide the most

protection.

Field windbreaks are narrow plantings made at right

angles to the prevailing wind and at specific intervals

across the field. The interval depends on the erodibility

of the soil. Field windbreaks protect cropland and

crops from wind, help to keep snow on the fields, and

provide food and cover for wildlife.

Environmental plantings help to beautify and screen

houses and other buildings and to abate noise. The

plants, mostly evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely

spaced. To ensure plant survival, a healthy planting

stock of suitable species should be planted properly

on a well prepared site and maintained in good

condition.

Table 8 shows the height that locally grown trees

and shrubs are expected to reach in 20 years on

various soils. The estimates in table 8 are based on

measurements and observation of established

plantings that have been given adequate care. They

can be used as a guide in planning windbreaks and

screens. Additional information on planning

windbreaks and screens and planting and caring for

trees and shrubs can be obtained from the Natural

Resources Conservation Service, the Cooperative

Extension Service, the Wisconsin Department of

Natural Resources, or from a commercial nursery.

Recreation

Marathon County offers many year-round recreation

opportunities. Rib Mountain State Park, 23 county

parks, about 25,000 acres of county forest land, and

about 23,000 acres of state public hunting and fishing

land are available for public recreational use. These

areas are used for skiing, camping, hiking, fishing,

hunting, sightseeing, picnicking, swimming, and

boating. Water-related activities, such as fishing,

boating, and swimming, also are available on several

lakes in the southeastern part of the county and on

rivers, such as the Big Rib, Little Rib, Big Eau Pleine,

Plover, and Wisconsin Rivers.

Use of recreation facilities has increased greatly in

the past several years in Marathon County. Many soils
96 Soil Survey of

are suited to the development of recreation facilities.

Soils that are best suited are in associations 3, 5, and

8, which are described under the heading “General

Soil Map Units.” These associations are characterized

by hilly terrain, wooded slopes, exposed rock

formations, and lakes and streams that provide a

variety of recreation opportunities.

The soils of the survey area are rated in table 9

according to limitations that affect their suitability for

recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil

features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the

surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered.

Not considered in the ratings, but important in

evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of

the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic

quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water

impoundment sites, and access to public sewerlines.

The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent

and the ability of the soil to support vegetation are also

important. Soils subject to flooding are limited for

recreation use by the duration and intensity of flooding

and the season when flooding occurs. In planning

recreation facilities, onsite assessment of the height,

duration, intensity, and frequency of flooding is

essential.

In table 9, the degree of soil limitation is expressed

as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight means that soil

properties are generally favorable and that limitations

are minor and easily overcome. Moderate means that

limitations can be overcome or alleviated by planning,

design, or special maintenance. Severe means that

soil properties are unfavorable and that limitations can

be offset only by costly soil reclamation, special

design, intensive maintenance, limited use, or by a

combination of these measures.

The information in table 9 can be supplemented by

other information in this survey, for example,

interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in table

12 and interpretations for dwellings without basements

and for local roads and streets in table 11.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The best soils are gently sloping and

are not wet or subject to flooding during the period of

use. The surface has few or no stones or boulders,

absorbs rainfall readily but remains firm, and is not

dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones or boulders

can greatly increase the cost of constructing

campsites.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm

when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to

flooding during the period of use, and do not have

slopes or stones or boulders that increase the cost of

shaping sites or of building access roads and parking

areas.

Playgrounds require soils that can withstand

intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level

and are not wet or subject to flooding during the

season of use. The surface is free of stones and

boulders, is firm after rains, and is not dusty when dry.

If grading is needed, the depth of the soil over bedrock

or a hardpan should be considered.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no cutting and filling. The best

soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty

when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than

once a year during the period of use. They have

moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on

the surface.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or

greens is not considered in rating the soils.

Wildlife Habitat

Thomas P. Thrall, biologist, Natural Resources Conservation

Service, helped prepare this section.

Wildlife habitat is closely related to soils because

soils have a great influence on the kind of vegetation

that grows in an area as well as on land use. Generally

speaking, the more diverse the soils are the more

diverse the wildlife species. Marathon County has

diverse soils and land uses; therefore, there is a varied

wildlife community.

In the paragraphs that follow, the associations

described under the heading “General Soil Map Units”

are related to wildlife habitat and species. Although

there are no clear-cut boundaries for wildlife, these

associations can generally be described in terms of

the wildlife they produce.

Association 1.—This area consists mainly of large

tracts of northern hardwoods, particularly in the

northwestern part of the county. The balance of the

area is in farms and is characterized by smaller areas

of woodland. Representative wildlife species are whitetailed deer, black bear, porcupine, squirrel, and

bobcat.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 97

Association 2.—This area is predominantly

cropland with tracts of northern red oak, sugar maple,

and white ash. Many of the woodlots are pastured. As

a result, their value as wildlife habitat is reduced.

Wildlife species are those typical of agricultural areas.

They include red fox, cottontail rabbit, raccoon, skunk,

and woodchuck.

Association 3.—This area has diverse types of

habitat. There are some large blocks of northern

hardwoods and scattered areas of aspen. Many small

crop fields add edge effect and diversity to the habitat.

Many scattered areas of cedar bogs as well as some

open pothole areas are used by mallards and wood

ducks. This is a prime area for deer, ruffed grouse,

snowshoe hare, and gray squirrel.

Association 4.—This area includes some large

tracts of hardwoods as well as cropland. There is a fair

amount of aspen, which is important to deer and ruffed

grouse. Major wildlife species include the white-tailed

deer, ruffed grouse, gray squirrel, and fox squirrel.

Association 5.—The habitat and wildlife in this area

are similar to those in association 2. Because of the

steepness of woodlots, pasturing is not so heavy in

this area. As a result, this area tends to provide better

wildlife habitat than does association 2. The southern

part of this area includes the Big Eau Pleine reservoir,

which is an important area for geese, ducks, and other

waterfowl, including the double-crested cormorant,

bald eagles, and ospreys, which are endangered

species.

Association 6.—This area includes many tracts of

hardwoods, paper birch, and aspen. Some areas are

farmed, and many areas formerly were farmed but

have reverted to grassland. These idle grasslands

provide nesting cover for birds as well as hunting

areas for bird and mammal predators.

Association 7.—This area includes wooded flood

plains that commonly support silver maple, ash,

willows, red maple, and alder. The area provides

habitat for mink, muskrat, gray fox, deer, beaver, otter,

and wood ducks. Bald eagles, ospreys, and

cormorants also use the area. Some pine and scrub

oak grow on sandy uplands in this area. These

uplands are important areas for some nongame bird

species.

Association 8.—The more steeply sloping areas of

this association support many hardwood forests. Much

of the more nearly level land is used for crops. This

area includes the Plover River, which is extensively

used for duck hunting. There are several trout streams

in this area. The riparian habitat along the streams

supports many furbearer species. Other species in this

association are similar to those in association 3.

Association 9.—This area includes many tracts of

pine and northern hardwoods. Much of the more

nearly level land is cropped. This area provides good

habitat for deer, ruffed grouse, woodcock, sandhill

cranes, snowshoe hare, and gray squirrel. It includes

the Plover River and numerous small lakes and ponds,

which provide habitat for waterfowl and many

furbearers.

Association 10.—This is a very important wildlife

area. It includes many cedar bogs, which provide

valuable habitat for deer, snowshoe hare, and many

other wildlife species. The major deer yards in the

county are in this association. This association is an

important part of the Mead and McMillan Wildlife

Areas, which are two of the state’s most important

wildlife areas. These wildlife areas provide habitat

for waterfowl, furbearers, deer, prairie chicken,

sharp-tailed grouse, double-crested cormorants,

sandhill cranes, and many other unique wildlife

species.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 10, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat

is impractical or impossible.
98 Soil Survey of

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface

stoniness, and flood hazard. Soil temperature and soil

moisture are also considerations. Examples of grain

and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, and barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,

available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness,

flood hazard, and slope. Soil temperature and soil

moisture are also considerations. Examples of grasses

and legumes are timothy, bromegrass, clover, and

alfalfa.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness,

surface stoniness, and flood hazard. Soil temperature

and soil moisture are also considerations. Examples of

wild herbaceous plants are curly dock, goldenrod,

smartweed, and ragweed.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the

growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the

root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, poplar, cherry,

apple, hawthorn, dogwood, hickory, blackberry, and

blueberry. Examples of fruit-producing shrubs that are

suitable for planting on soils rated good are dogwood,

highbush cranberry, and crabapple.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine,

spruce, fir, cedar, and juniper.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,

slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of wetland

plants are smartweed, wild millet, wildrice, cordgrass,

rushes, sedges, and reeds.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples

of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl-feeding

areas, and ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. The wildlife attracted to

these areas include red-tailed hawk, bobolink,

meadowlark, field sparrow, sandhill crane, cottontail,

and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous plants or coniferous plants or both and

associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous

plants. Wildlife attracted to these areas include ruffed

grouse, woodcock, thrushes, woodpeckers, squirrels,

gray fox, raccoon, deer, and bear.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons,

shore birds, muskrat, mink, and beaver.

Engineering

Michael J. Tiry, civil engineer, Natural Resources Conservation

Service, helped prepare this section.

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. The ratings are

given in the following tables: Building site development,

Sanitary facilities, Construction materials, and Water

management. The ratings are based on observed

performance of the soils and on the estimated data

and test data in the “Soil Properties” section.

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Because of the map scale, small areas of different

soils may be included within the mapped areas of a

specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 99

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations need to be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about grain-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 or 6

feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal

high water table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural

soil structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were

collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of

the sand and silt fractions, and the kind of adsorbed

cations. Estimates were made for erodibility,

permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral

characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to (1) evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreation uses; (2) make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; (3) evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; (4) evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; (5) plan

detailed onsite investigations of soils and geology; (6)

locate potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and

topsoil; (7) plan drainage systems, irrigation systems,

ponds, terraces, and other structures for soil and

water conservation; and (8) predict performance of

proposed small structures and pavements by

comparing the performance of existing similar

structures on the same or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Table 11 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings

with and without basements, small commercial

buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and

landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if

soil properties and site features are generally

favorable for the indicated use and limitations are

minor and easily overcome; moderate if soil properties

or site features are not favorable for the indicated use

and special planning, design, or maintenance is

needed to overcome or minimize the limitations; and

severe if soil properties or site features are so

unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that special

design, significant increases in construction costs, and

possibly increased maintenance are required. Special

feasibility studies may be required where the soil

limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth

to bedrock or a very firm dense layer, stone content,

soil texture, and slope. The time of the year that

excavations can be made is affected by the depth to a

seasonal high water table and the susceptibility of the

soil to flooding. The resistance of the excavation walls

or banks to sloughing or caving is affected by soil

texture and the depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed

soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family

dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are

made for small commercial buildings without

basements, for dwellings with basements, and for

dwellings without basements. The ratings are based

on soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

shrink-swell potential, and organic layers can cause

the movement of footings. A high water table, depth to

bedrock, large stones, slope, and flooding affect the

ease of excavation and construction. Landscaping and

grading that require cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6

feet are not considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material, a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material, and

a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally

limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock, a high

water table, flooding, large stones, and slope affect the

ease of excavating and grading. Soil strength (as

inferred from the engineering classification of the soil),

shrink-swell potential, frost action potential, and depth

to a high water table affect the traffic-supporting

capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil
100 Soil Survey of

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to

bedrock, the available water capacity in the upper 40

inches, and the content of salts affect plant growth.

Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and the amount

of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface layer

affect trafficability after vegetation is established.

Sanitary Facilities

Table 12 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations

are considered slight if soil properties and site features

are generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if

soil properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increases in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required.

Table 12 also shows the suitability of the soils for

use as daily cover for landfills. A rating of good

indicates that soil properties and site features are

favorable for the use and good performance and low

maintenance can be expected; fair indicates that soil

properties and site features are moderately favorable

for the use and one or more soil properties or site

features make the soil less desirable than the soils

rated good; and poor indicates that one or more soil

properties or site features are unfavorable for the use

and overcoming the unfavorable properties requires

special design, extra maintenance, or costly alteration.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil

through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that

part of the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock, and

flooding affect absorption of the effluent. Large stones

and bedrock interfere with installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can

be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or

fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the base

of the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the

water table is near the surface. There must be

unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption

field to filter the effluent effectively. Many local

ordinances require that this material be of a certain

thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to

hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides

is required to minimize seepage and contamination of

ground water.

Table 12 gives ratings for the natural soil that makes

up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and, generally, 1

or 2 feet of soil material below the surface layer are

excavated to provide material for the embankments.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site features,

and observed performance of the soils. Considered in

the ratings are slope, permeability, a high water table,

depth to bedrock, flooding, large stones, and content

of organic matter.

Excessive seepage due to rapid permeability of the

soil or a water table that is high enough to raise the

level of sewage in the lagoon causes a lagoon to

function unsatisfactorily. Pollution results if seepage is

excessive or if floodwater overtops the lagoon. A high

content of organic matter is detrimental to proper

functioning of the lagoon because it inhibits aerobic

activity. Slope and bedrock can cause construction

problems, and large stones can hinder compaction of

the lagoon floor.

Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is

disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of

landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste

is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and

covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the

site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The waste

is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin

layer of soil from a source away from the site.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of ground

water pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation

needs to be considered.

The ratings in table 12 are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, depth to bedrock, a high water table,

slope, and flooding affect both types of landfill. Texture,

stones and boulders, highly organic layers, soil

reaction, and content of salts affect trench type

landfills. Unless otherwise stated, the ratings apply

only to that part of the soil within a depth of about 6

feet. For deeper trenches, a limitation rated slight or

moderate may not be valid. Onsite investigation is

needed.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 101

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area type

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that

are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy

and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to

soil blowing.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock or the water table to permit

revegetation. The soil material used as final cover for a

landfill should be suitable for plants. The surface layer

generally has the best workability, more organic

matter, and the best potential for plants. Material from

the surface layer should be stockpiled for use as the

final cover.

Construction Materials

Table 13 gives information about the soils as a

source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils

are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and

topsoil. They are rated as a probable or improbable

source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on

soil properties and site features that affect the removal

of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal

compaction, minor processing, and other standard

construction practices are assumed. Each soil is

evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of

roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6

feet high and less exacting in design than higher

embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information

can help determine the suitability of each layer for

use as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is

stabilized with lime or cement is not considered in

the ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a

high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs

in place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell

potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized

particles and have a plasticity index of less than 10.

They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of

15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water

table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a plasticity

index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential,

many stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They

are wet, and the depth to the water table is less than 1

foot. These soils may have layers of suitable material,

but the material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. Sand

and gravel are used in many kinds of construction.

Specifications for each use vary widely. In table 13,

only the probability of finding material in suitable

quantity is evaluated. The suitability of the material for

specific purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that

affect excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at

least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight,

large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable

source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as

shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and

gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a

water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by
102 Soil Survey of

slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and

toxic material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of

soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to

fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15

percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes

of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal water

table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

Table 14 gives information on the soil properties

and site features that affect water management. The

degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond

reservoir areas and for embankments, dikes, and

levees. The limitations are considered slight if soil

properties and site features are generally favorable for

the indicated use and limitations are minor and are

easily overcome; moderate if soil properties or site

features are not favorable for the indicated use and

special planning, design, or maintenance is needed to

overcome or minimize the limitations; and severe if soil

properties or site features are so unfavorable or so

difficult to overcome that special design, significant

increase in construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a

depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will

be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high

content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts.

A high water table affects the amount of usable

material. It also affects trafficability.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock or to other layers that affect the rate of water

movement, permeability, depth to a high water table or

depth of standing water if the soil is subject to

ponding, slope, susceptibility to flooding, subsidence

of organic layers, and potential frost action. Excavating

and grading and the stability of ditchbanks are affected

by depth to bedrock, large stones, slope, and the

hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of the soil

after drainage is adversely affected by extreme acidity

or by toxic substances in the root zone, such as salts.

Availability of drainage outlets is not considered in the

ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to bedrock. The performance of a system is

affected by the depth of the root zone, the amount of

salts, and soil reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to reduce water erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large

stones, and depth to bedrock affect the construction of

terraces and diversions. A restricted rooting depth, a

severe hazard of soil blowing or water erosion, an

excessively coarse texture, and restricted permeability

adversely affect maintenance.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 103

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large

stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock affect

the construction of grassed waterways. A hazard of

soil blowing, low available water capacity, restricted

rooting depth, toxic substances such as salts, and

restricted permeability adversely affect the growth and

maintenance of the grass after construction.

105

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey. The data and the

estimates of soil and water features, listed in tables,

are explained on the following pages.

Soil properties are determined by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine grain-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics. These

results are reported in table 18.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties shown in the tables

include the range of grain-size distribution and

Atterberg limits, the engineering classification, and the

physical and chemical properties of the major layers of

each soil. Pertinent soil and water features also are

given.

Engineering Index Properties

Michael J. Tiry, civil engineer, Natural Resources Conservation

Service, helped prepare this section.

Table 15 gives estimates of the engineering

classification and of the range of index properties for

the major layers of each soil in the survey area. Most

soils have layers of contrasting properties within the

upper 5 or 6 feet.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated. The range in depth and information

on other properties of each layer are given for each

soil series under the heading “Soil Series and Their

Morphology.”

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter (fig. 6). “Loam,” for example, is

soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt,

and less than 52 percent sand. If the content of

particles coarser than sand is as much as about 15

percent, an appropriate modifier is added, for

example, “gravelly.” Textural terms are defined in the

Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (2) and the

system adopted by the American Association of State

Highway and Transportation Officials (1).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to grain-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

Soil Properties

Figure 6.—Percentages of clay, silt, and sand in the basic

USDA soil textural classes.
106 Soil Survey of

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and A7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4,

A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional

refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade

material can be indicated by a group index number.

Group index numbers range from 0 for the best

subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest. The

AASHTO classification for soils tested, with group

index numbers in parentheses, is given in table 18.

Rock fragments larger than 3 inches in diameter

are indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dryweight basis. The percentages are estimates

determined mainly by converting volume percentage

in the field to weight percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3

inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074

millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Table 16 shows estimates of some characteristics

and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates

are given for the major layers of each soil in the survey

area. The estimates are based on field observations

and on test data for these and similar soils.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of

each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by

weight, of the soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter.

The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the

fertility and physical condition of the soil. They

determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and

to retain moisture. They influence shrink-swell

potential, permeability, and plasticity, the ease of soil

dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and

kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving

operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3-bar moisture tension. Weight is determined after

drying the soil at 105 degrees C. In this table, the

estimated moist bulk density of each major soil

horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of

soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

Bulk density data are used to compute shrink-swell

potential, available water capacity, total pore space,

and other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a

soil indicates the pore space available for water and

roots. A bulk density of more than 1.6 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit

water or air. The estimates indicate the rate of

downward movement of water when the soil is

saturated. They are based on soil characteristics

observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity,

and texture. Permeability is considered in the design of

soil drainage systems, septic tank absorption fields,

and construction where the rate of water movement

under saturated conditions affects behavior.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each major soil

layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil

properties that affect the retention of water and the

depth of the root zone. The most important properties

are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk

density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is

an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to

be grown and in the design and management of

irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an

estimate of the quantity of water actually available to

plants at any given time.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and

is expressed as a range in pH values. The range in pH

of each major horizon is based on many field tests. For

many soils, values have been verified by laboratory
Marathon County, Wisconsin 107

analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting crops

and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for

fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of

corrosion.

Shrink-swell potential is the potential for volume

change in a soil with a loss or gain in moisture. Volume

change occurs mainly because of the interaction of

clay minerals with water and varies with the amount

and type of clay minerals in the soil. The size of the

load on the soil and the magnitude of the change in

soil moisture content influence the amount of swelling

of soils in place. Laboratory measurements of swelling

of undisturbed clods were made for many soils. For

others, swelling was estimated on the basis of the kind

and amount of clay minerals in the soil and on

measurements of similar soils.

If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to

very high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage

to buildings, roads, and other structures. Special

design is often needed.

Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the

change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture

content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The

change is based on the soil fraction less than 2

millimeters in diameter. The classes are low, a change

of less than 3 percent; moderate, 3 to 6 percent; and

high, more than 6 percent. Very high, greater than 9

percent, is sometimes used.

Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil

to sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of six

factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation

(USLE) to predict the average annual rate of soil loss

by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter (up to 4 percent) and on soil

structure and permeability. Values of K range from

0.05 to 0.69. The higher the value, the more

susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by

water.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their resistance to soil

blowing in cultivated areas. The groups indicate the

susceptibility to soil blowing. Soils are grouped

according to the following distinctions:

1. Sands, coarse sands, fine sands, and very fine

sands. These soils are generally not suitable for crops.

They are extremely erodible, and vegetation is difficult

to establish.

2. Loamy sands, loamy fine sands, and loamy

very fine sands. These soils are very highly erodible.

Crops can be grown if intensive measures to control

soil blowing are used.

3. Sandy loams, coarse sandy loams, fine sandy

loams, and very fine sandy loams. These soils are

highly erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive

measures to control soil blowing are used.

4L. Calcareous, loamy soils that are less than 35

percent clay and more than 5 percent finely divided

calcium carbonate. These soils are erodible. Crops

can be grown if intensive measures to control soil

blowing are used.

4. Clays, silty clays, clay loams, and silty clay

loams that are more than 35 percent clay. These soils

are moderately erodible. Crops can be grown if

measures to control soil blowing are used.

5. Loamy soils that are less than 20 percent clay

and less than 5 percent finely divided calcium

carbonate and sandy clay loams and sandy clays that

are less than 5 percent finely divided calcium

carbonate. These soils are slightly erodible. Crops can

be grown if measures to control soil blowing are used.

6. Loamy soils that are 20 to 35 percent clay and

less than 5 percent finely divided calcium carbonate,

except silty clay loams. These soils are very slightly

erodible. Crops can easily be grown.

7. Silty clay loams that are less than 35 percent

clay and less than 5 percent finely divided calcium

carbonate. These soils are very slightly erodible. Crops

can easily be grown.

8. Stony or gravelly soils and other soils not

subject to soil blowing.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In table

16, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained or increased by returning crop residue to

the soil. Organic matter affects the available water

capacity, infiltration rate, and tilth. It is a source of

nitrogen and other nutrients for crops.

Soil and Water Features

Table 17 gives estimates of various soil and water

features. The estimates are used in land use planning

that involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are used to estimate runoff

from precipitation. Soils not protected by vegetation

are assigned to one of four groups. They are grouped

according to the infiltration of water when the soils are

thoroughly wet and receive precipitation from longduration storms.
108 Soil Survey of

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained

sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate

of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a

layer that impedes the downward movement of water

or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture.

These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a permanent high water table,

soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the

surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly

impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate

of water transmission.

If a soil is assigned to two hydrologic groups in table

17, the first letter is for drained areas and the second

is for undrained areas.

Flooding, the temporary inundation of an area, is

caused by overflowing streams or by runoff from

adjacent slopes. Water standing for short periods after

rainfall or snowmelt is not considered flooding, nor is

water in swamps and marshes.

Table 17 gives the frequency and duration of

flooding and the time of year when flooding is most

likely.

Frequency, duration, and probable dates of

occurrence are estimated. Frequency is expressed as

none, rare, occasional, and frequent. None means that

flooding is not probable; rare that it is unlikely but

possible under unusual weather conditions; occasional

that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years;

and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than

once in 2 years. Duration is expressed as very brief if

less than 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, and long if more

than 7 days. Probable dates are expressed in months.

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic

matter content with increasing depth; and absence of

distinctive horizons that form in soils that are not

subject to flooding.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

High water table (seasonal) is the highest level of a

saturated zone in the soil in most years. The depth to a

seasonal high water table applies to undrained soils.

The estimates are based mainly on the evidence of a

saturated zone, namely grayish colors or mottles in the

soil. Indicated in table 17 are the depth to the seasonal

high water table; the kind of water table—that is,

perched or apparent; and the months of the year that

the water table commonly is high. A water table that is

seasonally high for less than 1 month is not indicated

in table 17.

An apparent water table is a thick zone of free water

in the soil. It is indicated by the level at which water

stands in an uncased borehole after adequate time is

allowed for adjustment in the surrounding soil. A

perched water table is water standing above an

unsaturated zone. In places an upper, or perched,

water table is separated from a lower one by a dry

zone.

Only saturated zones within a depth of about 6 feet

are indicated. A plus sign preceding the range in depth

indicates that the water table is above the surface of

the soil. The first numeral in the range indicates how

high the water rises above the surface. The second

numeral indicates the depth below the surface.

Depth to bedrock is given if bedrock is within a

depth of 5 feet. The depth is based on many soil

borings and on observations during soil mapping. The

rock is either soft or hard. If the rock is soft or

fractured, excavations can be made with trenching

machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If the rock is

hard or massive, blasting or special equipment

generally is needed for excavation.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence

results from either desiccation and shrinkage or

oxidation of organic material, or both, following

drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually, usually

over a period of several years. Table 17 shows the

expected total subsidence, which usually is a result of

oxidation.

Not shown in the table is subsidence caused by an

imposed surface load or by the withdrawal of ground

water throughout an extensive area as a result of

lowering the water table.

Potential frost action is the likelihood of upward or

lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation of

segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on
Marathon County, Wisconsin 109

thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves

into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture,

density, permeability, content of organic matter, and

depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It

is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation

or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured clayey soils that have a high water table in

winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well

drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage mainly to pavements and other

rigid structures.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate content,

texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil.

Special site examination and design may be needed if

the combination of factors creates a severe corrosion

environment. The steel in installations that intersect

soil boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to

corrosion than steel in installations that are entirely

within one kind of soil or within one soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract.

Engineering Index Test Data

Table 18 shows laboratory test data for several

pedons sampled at carefully selected sites in the

survey area. The pedons are representative of the

series described in the section “Soil Series and Their

Morphology.” The soil samples were tested by the

Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Division of

Highways and Transportation Facilities.

The testing methods generally are those of the

American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the American

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

The tests and methods are AASHTO

classification—M 145 (AASHTO), D 3282 (ASTM);

Unified classification—D 2487 (ASTM); Mechanical

analysis—T 88 (AASHTO), D 2217 (ASTM); Liquid

limit—T 89 (AASHTO), D 423 (ASTM); Plasticity

index—T 90 (AASHTO), D 424 (ASTM); and Moisture

density, Method A—T 99 (AASHTO), D 698 (ASTM).

111

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(15). Beginning with the broadest, these categories

are the order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family,

and series. Classification is based on soil properties

observed in the field or inferred from those

observations or from laboratory measurements. Table

19 shows the classification of the soils in the survey

area. The categories are defined in the following

paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Alfisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Boralf

(Bor, meaning cool, plus alf, from Alfisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; and base status. Each great group is

identified by the name of a suborder and by a prefix

that indicates a property of the soil. An example is

Glossoboralfs (Gloss, meaning tongued, plus boralf,

the suborder of the Alfisols that has a cool

temperature regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic is the central concept of the

great group; it is not necessarily the most extensive.

Intergrades are transitions to other orders, suborders,

or great groups. Extragrades have some properties

that are not representative of the great group but do

not indicate transitions to any other known kind of soil.

Each subgroup is identified by one or more adjectives

preceding the name of the great group. The adjective

Typic identifies the subgroup that typifies the great

group. An example is Typic Glossoboralfs.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle-size class,

mineral content, temperature regime, depth of the root

zone, consistence, moisture equivalent, slope, and

permanent cracks. A family name consists of the

name of a subgroup preceded by terms that indicate

soil properties. An example is fine-loamy, mixed Typic

Glossoboralfs.

SERIES. The series consists of soils that have

similar horizons in their profile. The horizons are

similar in color, texture, structure, reaction,

consistence, mineral and chemical composition, and

arrangement in the profile. The texture of the surface

layer or of the substratum can differ within a series.

Soil Series and Their Morphology

In this section, each soil series recognized in the

survey area is described. The descriptions are

arranged in alphabetic order.

Characteristics of the soil and the material in which

it formed are identified for each series. A pedon, a

small three-dimensional area of soil, that is typical of

the series in the survey area is described. The detailed

description of each soil horizon follows standards in

the Soil Survey Manual (14). Many of the technical

terms used in the descriptions are defined in Soil

Taxonomy (15). Unless otherwise stated, colors in the

descriptions are for moist soil. Following the pedon

description is the range of important characteristics of

the soils in the series.

The map units of each soil series are described in

the section “Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Alban Series

The Alban series consists of deep, moderately well

drained, moderately permeable soils on glacial lake

Classification of the Soils
112 Soil Survey of

plains, delta kames, and stream terraces. These soils

formed in loamy lacustrine deposits over stratified

sandy and loamy deposits. Slope ranges from 1 to 6

percent.

Typical pedon of Alban loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes,

1,750 feet east and 700 feet south of the northwest

corner of sec. 35, T. 29 N., R. 10 E.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine

roots; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, very pale

brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate thin platy

structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

E/B—11 to 22 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak

thin platy structure; friable; remnants of dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); weak

very fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine roots; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

B/E—22 to 34 inches; 70 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam (E); few

faint clay films on faces of peds (Bt); slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt—34 to 38 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine

sandy loam; common fine distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; common clay

coatings on sand grains; medium acid; clear wavy

boundary.

C—38 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sand;

common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

mottles; single grain; loose; strata of dark brown

(7.5YR 4/4) loamy fine sand 4 to 5 inches apart

and 0.25 to 1 inch thick; massive; very friable; few

fine roots; slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 27 to 45

inches. The Ap horizon has value of 3 or 4 and chroma

of 2 or 3. The A horizon, where it occurs, has value of

2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The E horizon has hue of

10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3.

It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value

of 4 or 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. This horizon has

mottles with chroma of 6 to 8. It is sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, or loam. The C horizon is stratified with

sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, very

fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or silt.

Altdorf Series

The Altdorf series consists of deep, poorly drained,

slowly permeable soils on ground moraines. These

soils formed in silty deposits underlain by clayey and

loamy glacial till or in residuum derived from

metamorphic rock, or in both. Slope ranges from 0 to 2

percent.

Typical pedon of Altdorf mucky silt loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, 2,450 feet south and 2,400 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 21, T. 28 N., R. 9 E.

Oi—1 inch to 0; litter layer of dead roots, leaves, and

twigs.

A—0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky silt loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; about 3 percent gravel; about 20 percent

organic matter; strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Eg—3 to 8 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, gray

(10YR 5/1) dry; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium platy structure

parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky;

friable; about 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

B/Eg—8 to 12 inches; 60 percent dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; common fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; tongues of dark

gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam (E); few fine roots; few

distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay films on

faces of Bt peds and in tubular pores; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt1—12 to 16 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay;

common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8)

mottles; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm;

few fine roots; common distinct dark gray (10YR

4/1) clay films on faces of peds and in tubular

pores; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—16 to 28 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay;

few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8)

mottles; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm;

few distinct reddish gray (5YR 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt3—28 to 44 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and

dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; weak medium prismatic

structure parting to weak medium subangular

blocky; firm; few distinct dark reddish brown

(2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 113

2C—44 to 60 inches; yellow (2.5Y 7/8), dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/4), and dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) clay

loam; massive; firm; neutral.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 41 to 50

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

7 to 15 inches. The content of gravel in the solum and

the substratum ranges from 0 to 5 percent.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1

or 2. The Eg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y and

value of 4 to 6. The 2Bt horizon has hue of 5YR,

2.5YR, or 10R; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. It

is clay or clay loam. The 2C horizon is dominantly clay

loam or clay. Some pedons have thin strata of loam,

sandy loam, or sandy clay loam in the 2C horizon.

Amery Series

The Amery series consists of deep, well drained

soils on ground moraines. These soils formed in silty

and loamy deposits and in the underlying loamy and

sandy glacial till. Permeability is moderately slow in the

subsoil and extremely slow to slow in the substratum.

Slope ranges from 5 to 15 percent.

Typical pedon of Amery silt loam, 5 to 15 percent

slopes, 750 feet south and 250 feet east of the center

of sec. 4, T. 30 N., R. 7 E.

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; many fine roots; about 4

percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bs—4 to 8 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

many fine roots; about 6 percent gravel; medium

acid; clear wavy boundary.

E/B—8 to 16 inches; 65 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak

thin platy structure; friable; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)

loam (Bt); moderate very fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; about 6 percent

gravel and 2 percent cobbles; medium acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

B/E—16 to 24 inches; 80 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; tongues of

brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam (E); few fine

roots; few clay coatings on sand grains of Bt peds;

about 10 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt—24 to 34 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common clay

coatings on sand grains; about 10 percent gravel

and 3 percent cobbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

C—34 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) gravelly

sandy loam; massive; friable; about 15 percent

gravel and 5 percent cobbles; medium acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 50

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

5 to 15 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

15 percent in the silty deposits and from 10 to 35

percent in the glacial till. The content of cobbles and

stones ranges from 0 to 3 percent in the silty deposits

and from 2 to 10 percent in the glacial till.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1

or 2. The Ap horizon, where it occurs, has value and

chroma of 2 or 3. The Bt horizon has value and

chroma of 3 to 6. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or

gravelly sandy loam. The C horizon is loamy sand,

gravelly loamy sand, sandy loam, or gravelly sandy

loam.

Cable Series

The Cable series consists of deep, poorly drained

and very poorly drained soils on ground moraines.

These soils formed in silty deposits and in the

underlying loamy glacial till. Permeability is moderate

or moderately slow in the subsoil and moderately slow

in the substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical pedon of Cable silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, stony, 1,600 feet south and 500 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 8, T. 30 N., R. 9 E.

Oa—0 to 3 inches; sapric material, very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) unrubbed, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed;

about 25 percent fiber, 8 percent rubbed;

moderate fine granular structure; nonsticky; many

fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

A—3 to 6 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; about 15 percent organic matter; about 10

percent gravel and 4 percent cobbles; common

fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Eg—6 to 10 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam; few

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

mottles; moderate thick platy structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; about 10

percent gravel and 4 percent cobbles; few fine

roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg1—10 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; about 10 percent gravel;
114 Soil Survey of

few fine roots; medium acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bg2—20 to 30 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

loam; many medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; about 13 percent gravel;

few fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C—30 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) gravelly

sandy loam; few medium distinct yellowish red

(5YR 5/6) mottles; massive; friable; about 15

percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 27 to 40

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

15 to 30 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

15 percent in the silty upper part of the solum and

from 10 to 25 percent in the loamy lower part and in

the substratum. The content of cobbles and stones

ranges from 15 to 35 percent in the upper part of the

solum and from 0 to 15 percent in the lower part and

in the substratum.

The Oa horizon is 0 to 6 inches thick. The A horizon

or the Ap horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or 3

and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bg horizon has hue of

10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 1 or

2. It is silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam. The 2Bg

horizon has colors similar to those of the Bg horizon. It

is sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam, loam, or gravelly

loam. The 2C horizon is sandy loam, gravelly sandy

loam, loamy sand, or gravelly loamy sand.

Cathro Series

The Cathro series consists of deep, very poorly

drained soils in depressions and drainageways on

ground moraines, glacial lake plains, and outwash

plains. These soils formed in 16 to 51 inches of

herbaceous organic material and are underlain by

loamy and silty deposits. Permeability is moderately

slow to moderately rapid in the organic material and

moderately slow or moderate in the loamy and silty

deposits. Slope is 0 to 1 percent.

Typical pedon of Cathro muck, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, 1,875 feet north and 50 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 5, T. 29 N., R. 3 E.

Oe—0 to 5 inches; hemic material, dark reddish brown

(5YR 3/2) broken face, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

rubbed; about 50 percent fiber, 15 percent rubbed;

weak thick platy structure; nonsticky; herbaceous

fibers; common roots; medium acid (pH 5.6 in

water); clear wavy boundary.

Oa1—5 to 14 inches; sapric material, black (10YR 2/1)

broken face, black (5YR 2/1) rubbed; about 10

percent fiber, 2 percent rubbed; moderate coarse

subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky;

herbaceous fibers; few roots; medium acid (pH 5.6

in water); clear wavy boundary.

Oa2—14 to 21 inches; sapric material, dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/2) broken face and rubbed; about

10 percent fiber, 2 percent rubbed; moderate thick

platy structure; nonsticky; herbaceous fibers; few

roots; medium acid (pH 5.7 in water); clear wavy

boundary.

Oa3—21 to 28 inches; sapric material, black (5YR 2/1)

broken face and rubbed; about 10 percent fiber, 2

percent rubbed; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; nonsticky; herbaceous fibers;

medium acid (pH 5.7 in water); abrupt wavy

boundary.

C1—28 to 33 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

about 10 percent sapric material; medium acid;

clear wavy boundary.

C2—33 to 60 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loam; common

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

and few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) mottles; massive; firm; medium acid.

The thickness of the organic material ranges from

16 to 51 inches. The surface, subsurface, and bottom

tiers have hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR or are neutral

in hue. They have chroma of 0 to 3. Some pedons

have 5 to 15 percent, by volume, woody fragments

mixed throughout the organic material. The C horizon

is silt loam, loam, sandy loam, clay loam, or sandy

clay loam.

Chetek Series

The Chetek series consists of deep, somewhat

excessively drained soils on glacial outwash plains

and stream terraces. These soils formed in loamy

deposits and in the underlying sand and gravel.

Permeability is moderate to rapid in the upper part of

the profile and rapid in the lower part. Slope ranges

from 0 to 30 percent.

Typical pedon of Chetek sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes, 500 feet north and 650 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 15, T. 28 N., R. 8 E.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; very friable; many fine

roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—8 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam, very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium platy

structure parting to moderate very fine subangular

blocky; friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 115

Bt1—13 to 19 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy

loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; common clay coatings on sand

grains; few fine roots; about 12 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—19 to 23 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly

loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few clay bridges between

sand grains; few fine roots; about 22 percent

gravel; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C—23 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 15

percent gravel and 4 percent cobbles; slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 16 to 24

inches. The content of gravel in the upper part of the

solum ranges from 0 to 15 percent. The content of

gravel in the lower part of the subsoil and in the

substratum ranges from 15 to 35 percent. The content

of cobbles ranges from 0 to 10 percent throughout the

pedon.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A horizon, where it

occurs, has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3,

and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR

or 5YR and value and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sandy

loam or loam. The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or

7.5YR and value and chroma of 4 or 5. It is gravelly

loamy sand or gravelly sandy loam. The 2C horizon is

gravelly coarse sand or sand and gravel. Stratification

of these materials is common.

Dancy Series

The Dancy series consists of deep, poorly drained

soils in drainageways and depressions on ground

moraines. These soils formed in sandy loam and

loamy sand deposits underlain by loamy glacial till or

in loamy residuum derived from igneous and

metamorphic rock, or in both. Permeability is

moderately rapid in the upper part of the profile and

moderate in the lower part. Slope ranges from 0 to 2

percent.

Typical pedon of Dancy sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, 550 feet west and 100 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 31, T. 28 N., R. 9 E.

A—0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, gray

(10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; about 3

percent gravel; medium acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

E—4 to 10 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loamy sand; few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

few fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; medium

acid; clear wavy boundary.

E/B—10 to 21 inches; 80 percent gray (10YR 5/1)

loamy sand (E); many medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; isolated remnants of

brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam (Bt); about 5

percent gravel; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Btg—21 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common faint patchy grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; about

8 percent gravel; medium acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2BCg—30 to 41 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam; common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; about 12 percent gravel;

medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg—41 to 60 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2),

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), and strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy loam; massive; friable;

about 12 percent gravel; slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 35 to 48

inches. The thickness of the loamy sand and sandy

loam deposits ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The

content of gravel ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the

upper part and from 0 to 30 percent in the lower part

and in the substratum. The content of cobbles and

stones ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the solum and

substratum.

The A horizon or the Ap horizon, where it occurs,

has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The 2Btg

horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6;

and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy loam, loam, sandy

clay loam, clay loam, or the gravelly analogs of these

textures. The 2Cg horizon has textures similar to those

of the 2Btg horizon.

Dolph Series

The Dolph series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained, slowly permeable soils on ground

moraines. These soils formed in silty deposits

underlain by clayey and loamy glacial till or in

residuum derived from metamorphic rock, or in both.

Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical pedon of Dolph silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, 1,350 feet west and 450 feet north of the

center of sec. 28, T. 28 N., R. 9 E.

Oi—1 inch to 0; litter layer of leaves, twigs, and

grasses.
116 Soil Survey of

A—0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam; strong

fine and very fine granular structure; very friable;

common fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—3 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; common fine faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and common fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak

medium platy structure parting to moderate very

fine subangular blocky; very friable; common fine

roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

E/B—6 to 9 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 4/3) silt

loam (E), light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

mottles; weak medium platy structure parting to

moderate very fine subangular blocky; friable;

isolated remnants of dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt

loam (Bt); common fine roots; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

B/E—9 to 15 inches; 80 percent reddish brown (5YR

4/3) silty clay loam (Bt); common fine distinct

brown (7.5YR 5/2) and common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles;

strong fine angular blocky structure; firm; tongues

of brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam (E), pink (7.5YR

7/4) dry; few fine roots; common faint dark reddish

gray (5YR 4/2) continuous clay films on faces of Bt

peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt1—15 to 25 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay;

common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm;

few fine roots; common distinct dusky red (2.5YR

3/2) continuous clay films in pores; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—25 to 37 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR

3/4) clay; common medium distinct red (2.5YR

4/8) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct

dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) continuous clay films in

pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C—37 to 60 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

clay loam; few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8)

mottles; massive; firm; few fine roots; about 5

percent gravel; slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 45

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

9 to 16 inches.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1

or 2. The Ap horizon, where it occurs, has value of 3 or

4 and chroma of 2. The 2Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or

2.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is clay

loam or clay. The 2C horizon is sandy clay loam or clay

loam.

Dunnville Series

The Dunnville series consists of deep, moderately

well drained soils on low stream terraces along large

rivers. These soils formed in loamy and sandy alluvial

deposits. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid

in the subsoil and rapid in the substratum. Slope

ranges from 1 to 4 percent.

Typical pedon of Dunnville fine sandy loam, 1 to 4

percent slopes, 1,000 feet north of the center of sec. 2,

T. 28 N., R. 7 E.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) fine sandy

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; common fine roots;

strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—8 to 16 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry; moderate

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

roots; medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—16 to 26 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; medium acid;

clear wavy boundary.

BC—26 to 36 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loamy

fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; medium acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2C1—36 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sand; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; single grain; loose; medium

acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C2—44 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sand; single grain; loose; about 20 percent gravel;

slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 5

percent in the solum and from 0 to 35 percent in the

substratum.

The Ap horizon or the A horizon, where it occurs,

has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 2

or 3. The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value

of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam, fine sandy

loam, or sandy loam. The 2C horizon is sand, fine

sand, or gravelly sand.

Fenwood Series

The Fenwood series consists of deep, well drained,

moderately permeable soils on uplands underlain by

bedrock. These soils formed in silty deposits underlain

by loamy glacial till or in loamy residuum derived from

the underlying bedrock, or in both. They are underlain
Marathon County, Wisconsin 117

by igneous and metamorphic rock. Slope ranges from

2 to 30 percent.

Typical pedon of Fenwood silt loam, in an area of

Fenwood-Rozellville silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes;

125 feet west and 1,780 feet north of the southeast

corner of sec. 28, T. 29 N., R. 6 E.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

fine and very fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; many fine roots; about 3 percent angular

gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—8 to 12 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

brown (10YR 5/3) loam, very pale brown (10YR

7/3) dry; weak medium platy structure parting to

weak very fine subangular blocky; friable; common

fine fibrous roots; about 3 percent angular gravel;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

E/B—12 to 18 inches; 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak

thin platy structure; friable; remnants of dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam (Bt); weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

fibrous roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds

and in pores; about 7 percent angular gravel;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—18 to 24 inches; 70 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; many faint clay films on

faces of peds and in tubular pores; tongues of

brown (10YR 5/3) loam (E); weak thin platy

structure; friable; about 7 percent angular gravel;

extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—24 to 31 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly

loam; moderate medium angular and subangular

blocky structure; very firm; few fine fibrous roots;

many faint clay films on faces of peds and in

tubular pores; about 15 percent angular gravel;

extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—31 to 43 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) cobbly

loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure;

very firm; common continuous faint clay films on

faces of most peds and in tubular pores; about 20

percent angular gravel and 15 percent angular

cobbles; extremely acid; gradual irregular

boundary.

R—43 inches; shattered igneous and metamorphic

rock with dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam in joints

that diminish with depth.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 36 to 48

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

7 to 15 inches. The depth to bedrock ranges from 40

to 60 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 10

percent in the surface horizon, from 5 to 15 percent in

the upper part of the subsoil, and from 15 to 35

percent in the lower part of the subsoil. The content of

cobbles ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the upper part

of the solum and from 5 to 35 percent in the lower part

and in the substratum. The content of cobbles and

stones in the surface horizon of the stony phases is 15

to 35 percent.

The Ap horizon or the A horizon, where it occurs,

has value and chroma of 2 or 3. The Bt1 horizon has

hue of 7.5YR or 10YR and value and chroma of 4 or 5.

It is loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The Bt2

horizon has colors similar to those of the Bt1 horizon.

It is gravelly, cobbly, or very cobbly loam; gravelly or

cobbly sandy clay loam; or gravelly or cobbly clay

loam. The BC and C horizons, where they occur, are

cobbly or very cobbly sandy loam or cobbly or very

cobbly loam.

Fordum Series

The Fordum series consists of deep, poorly drained

and very poorly drained soils on flood plains. These

soils formed in alluvial deposits. Permeability is

moderate or moderately rapid in the upper part of the

profile and rapid in the lower part. Slope is 0 to 1

percent.

Typical pedon of Fordum silt loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, 125 feet west and 500 feet south of the center

of sec. 33, T. 29 N., R. 7 E.

A—0 to 6 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and

medium roots; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

Cg1—6 to 18 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silt loam;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) mottles; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many thin

strata of fine sandy loam; medium acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg2—18 to 30 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine

sandy loam; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; massive; friable; many thin

strata of silt loam and fine sand; medium acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Cg3—30 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sand; single

grain; loose; few thin strata of silt loam; slightly

acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 6 to 9

inches. The depth to sand or sand mixed with gravel

ranges from 24 to 40 inches. The content of gravel

ranges from 0 to 20 percent throughout the profile.

The A horizon has hue of 5Y, 2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

or is neutral in hue. It has value of 2 or 3 and chroma
118 Soil Survey of

of 0 to 3. The Oa horizon, where it occurs, is as much

as 6 inches thick. The Cg1 and Cg2 horizons are

commonly stratified silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or

fine sandy loam, but in some pedons they have thin

strata of very fine sand, fine sand, or the mucky

analogs of these textures. The Cg3 horizon is sand,

fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or the gravelly

analogs of these textures.

Freeon Series

The Freeon series consists of deep, moderately

well drained soils on ground moraines. These soils

formed in silty deposits and in the underlying loamy

glacial till. Permeability is moderate in the silty upper

part of the subsoil and very slow in the substratum.

Slope ranges from 6 to 12 percent.

Typical pedon of Freeon silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, 2,650 feet south and 400 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 6, T. 29 N., R. 4 E.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam,

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate very

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common

fine roots; about 6 percent gravel; strongly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

E/B—9 to 16 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt

loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry;

remnants of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt

loam (B); weak medium platy structure parting to

moderate very fine subangular blocky; friable; few

fine roots; about 8 percent gravel; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

B/E—16 to 21 inches; 70 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) silt loam (B); common medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on horizontal faces of

peds; tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E),

very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; about 5 percent

gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt1—21 to 28 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam;

common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 4/6) clay films on all faces of peds; few fine

distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) mottles in root

channels; fingers of brown (10YR 5/3) E horizon

material extend into the upper part of the horizon;

about 14 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2Bt2—28 to 31 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4)

gravelly loam; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR

5/6) mottles; weak fine prismatic structure parting

to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm;

common faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay

films on vertical faces of peds; about 16 percent

gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt3—31 to 35 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4)

gravelly sandy loam; few fine distinct yellowish red

(5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; a few clay coatings on sand

grains; about 30 percent gravel and 3 percent

cobbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cd—35 to 60 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) gravelly

sandy loam; massive; firm; about 25 percent

gravel and 3 percent cobbles; strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 45

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

15 to 30 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

5 percent in the silty upper part of the solum and from

5 to 20 percent in the loamy lower part and in the

substratum. The content of cobbles ranges from 0 to

10 percent in the lower part of the solum and in the

substratum.

The Ap horizon has value and chroma of 2 or 3.

The A horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or 3

and chroma of 1 or 2. The 2Bt horizon has hue of

7.5YR, 5YR, or 2.5YR and value and chroma of 3 or 4.

This horizon has mottles with chroma of 6 to 8. It is

loam, gravelly loam, sandy loam, or gravelly sandy

loam. The 2Cd horizon is typically sandy loam or

gravelly sandy loam, but some pedons have pockets

of loamy sand, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, or

the gravelly analogs of these textures.

Graycalm Series

The Graycalm series consists of deep, somewhat

excessively drained and moderately well drained,

rapidly permeable soils on recessional moraines,

glacial lake plains, and outwash plains. These soils

formed in sandy deposits. Slope ranges from 0 to 6

percent.

Typical pedon of Graycalm loamy sand, 2 to 6

percent slopes, 1,950 feet east and 25 feet north of

the southwest corner of sec. 26, T. 27 N., R. 9 E.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; common

fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—9 to 18 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy

sand; weak very fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; mildly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

Bw2—18 to 26 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

loamy sand; weak very fine subangular blocky
Marathon County, Wisconsin 119

structure; very friable; few fine roots; medium acid;

clear wavy boundary.

E&Bt—26 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy sand (E); single grain; loose; lamellae of

brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

wavy and discontinuous lamellae spaced 1/2 inch

to 3 inches apart and 1/8 to 1/2 inch thick; medium

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

C—52 to 60 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; medium acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 54

inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 15

percent in the solum and the substratum.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A horizon, where it

occurs, has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3,

and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bw horizon has hue of

10YR or 7.5YR. It is loamy sand or sand. The E part of

E&Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or

6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sand, loamy sand, fine

sand, or loamy fine sand. The Bt part has hue of 10YR

or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is

loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. In some

pedons it has mottles with high chroma below a depth

of 30 inches.

Greenwood Series

The Greenwood series consists of deep, very

poorly drained, moderately or moderately rapidly

permeable soils in depressions on ground moraines,

outwash plains, and glacial lake plains. These soils

formed in herbaceous organic material more than 51

inches thick. Slope is 0 to 1 percent.

Typical pedon of Greenwood peat, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, 1,000 feet east and 300 feet north of the

center of sec. 13, T. 28 N., R. 10 E.

Oi—0 to 4 inches; fibric material, very dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 3/2) broken face, dark brown (7.5YR

3/2) rubbed; about 95 percent fiber, 75 percent

rubbed; moderate thin platy structure; nonsticky;

common roots; primarily sphagnum moss; very

strongly acid (pH 4.4 in water); clear wavy

boundary.

Oe1—4 to 13 inches; hemic material, very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) broken face and rubbed; about 50

percent fiber, 20 percent rubbed; moderate very

thin platy structure; slightly sticky; common roots;

primarily herbaceous fibers; very strongly acid (pH

4.4 in water); gradual wavy boundary.

Oe2—13 to 20 inches; hemic material, dark reddish

brown (5YR 2/2) broken face and rubbed; about

50 percent fiber, 20 percent rubbed; moderate

medium platy structure; slightly sticky; few roots;

primarily herbaceous fibers; very strongly acid (pH

4.4 in water); gradual wavy boundary.

Oe3—20 to 29 inches; hemic material, dark reddish

brown (5YR 2/2) broken face and rubbed; about

75 percent fiber, 35 percent rubbed; moderate

very thin platy structure; slightly sticky; few roots;

primarily woody fibers; about 12 percent woody

fragments 1 inch in diameter and 1 to 6 inches in

length; very strongly acid (pH 4.4 in water); clear

wavy boundary.

Oe4—29 to 60 inches; hemic material, very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) broken face and rubbed; about

50 percent fiber, 20 percent rubbed; massive;

slightly sticky; primarily herbaceous fibers;

extremely acid (pH 4.4 in water).

The thickness of the organic material exceeds 51

inches. The subsurface and bottom tiers have hue of

10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 2 to 5; and chroma of 2

to 4. Some pedons have 5 to 15 percent, by volume,

woody fragments mixed throughout the organic

material.

Guenther Series

The Guenther series consists of deep, moderately

well drained soils on uplands. These soils formed in

sandy deposits underlain by loamy glacial till or in

residuum derived from igneous and metamorphic

rock, or in both. Permeability is rapid in the upper part

of the subsoil and moderate in the lower part and in

the substratum. Slope ranges from 2 to 6 percent.

These soils have a thicker transition layer between

the sandy upper deposits and the gravelly loam lower

deposits than is defined as the range for the Guenther

series. This difference, however, does not affect the

usefulness or behavior of the soils.

Typical pedon of Guenther loamy sand, 2 to 6

percent slopes, 1,250 feet east and 300 feet south of

the center of sec. 10, T. 28 N., R. 8 E.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand,

brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots;

about 5 percent gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bs1—9 to 19 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy

sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; about 5 percent gravel;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bs2—19 to 26 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy sand;
120 Soil Survey of

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few fine roots; about 4 percent gravel;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—26 to 31 inches; 80 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) loamy sand (Bt); common medium

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/8) mottles in the

lower part; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few clay bridges

between sand grains in the Bt part; tongues of

brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand (E); about 4 percent

gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt—31 to 37 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine

sandy loam; common coarse prominent yellowish

red (5YR 4/8) mottles; moderate medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; common faint discontinuous clay films

and uncoated sand grains on vertical faces of

peds; about 10 percent gravel and 4 percent

cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C—37 to 60 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) and

brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam; common medium

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/8) mottles in the

upper 15 inches; massive; friable; about 15

percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; medium

acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 45

inches. The thickness of the sandy deposits ranges

from 20 to 40 inches. The content of gravel ranges

from 0 to 5 percent in the upper part of the solum,

from 0 to 10 percent in the lower part of the solum,

and from 0 to 30 percent in the substratum. The

content of cobbles in the loamy lower part of the

subsoil and in the substratum ranges from 0 to 10

percent.

The Ap horizon or the A horizon, where it occurs,

has value and chroma of 2 or 3. The Bs horizon has

hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3

or 4. It is sand or loamy sand. The 2Bt horizon has hue

of 10YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 4 or 5.

This horizon has mottles with chroma of 6 to 8. It is

sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. The 2C horizon

is sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam, loam, or gravelly

loam.

Hatley Series

The Hatley series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils on terminal, recessional, and

ground moraines. These soils formed in silty and

loamy deposits and in the underlying loamy or sandy

glacial till. Permeability is moderate in the subsoil and

moderate or moderately rapid in the substratum. Slope

ranges from 1 to 6 percent.

Typical pedon of Hatley cobbly silt loam, 1 to 6

percent slopes, bouldery, 750 feet north and 1,800 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 25, T. 28 N., R. 10

E.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

cobbly silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) mottles in root channels; weak very

fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

about 15 percent cobbles and 2 percent gravel;

common fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt

wavy boundary.

Bs—5 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) cobbly silt

loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) mottles in root channels; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 15

percent cobbles and 4 percent gravel; few fine

roots; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

earthworm casts; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

E/B—8 to 14 inches; 80 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

cobbly silt loam (E), light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; few

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and

few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

mottles; weak medium platy structure; very friable;

remnants of dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam (Bt);

weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; about 15 percent cobbles and 5 percent

gravel; few fine roots; common fine very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) earthworm casts; strongly acid;

gradual irregular boundary.

B/E—14 to 20 inches; 75 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) loam (Bt); common fine distinct light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) and few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; tongues of brown (10YR

5/3) silt loam (E), light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak

thin platy structure; friable; few faint dark brown

(7.5YR 3/4) patchy clay films of faces of Bt peds;

about 5 percent cobbles and 5 percent gravel; few

fine roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt—20 to 32 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) and common medium distinct pinkish gray

(7.5YR 6/2) mottles; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) discontinuous

clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent

cobbles and 5 percent gravel; few fine roots; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

BC—32 to 44 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy

loam; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) and few fine distinct pinkish gray

(7.5YR 6/2) mottles; weak very fine subangular
Marathon County, Wisconsin 121

blocky structure; very friable; about 5 percent

cobbles and 8 percent gravel; very strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

C—44 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy sand;

few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

mottles; massive; very friable; about 5 percent

cobbles and stones and 8 percent gravel; strongly

acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 60

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

0 to 15 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

20 percent throughout the solum and from 5 to 25

percent in the substratum. The content of cobbles

ranges from 0 to 15 percent throughout the solum and

substratum. The content of cobbles, stones, and

boulders in the surface horizon of the bouldery phase

is 15 to 35 percent.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1

or 2. It is silt loam or cobbly silt loam. The Ap horizon,

where it occurs, has value and chroma of 2 or 3. The

Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR and value and

chroma of 4 or 5. It is loam, gravelly loam, sandy loam,

or gravelly sandy loam. Mottles with chroma of 1 or 2

and 6 to 8 are in this horizon. The C horizon is sandy

loam, gravelly sandy loam, loamy sand, or gravelly

loamy sand. Small pockets of sand and gravel occur in

some pedons.

Kennan Series

The Kennan series consists of deep, well drained

soils on terminal and recessional moraines and

drumlins. These soils formed in loamy deposits and in

the underlying loamy sand or sandy loam glacial till.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil and moderate

or moderately rapid in the substratum. Slope ranges

from 2 to 30 percent.

Typical pedon of Kennan sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes, 2,000 feet east and 250 feet north of

the southwest corner of sec. 27, T. 28 N., R. 9 E.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; many fine roots; about 5 percent

gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E/B—8 to 16 inches; 80 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry (E);

weak thick platy structure parting to moderate

very fine subangular blocky; friable; dark brown

(7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint dark

brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine roots; about 5 percent gravel;

medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.

B/E—16 to 26 inches; 70 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few faint dark brown

(7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; tongues of

brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam (E), very pale

brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium platy

structure; friable; common fine roots; about 10

percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt1—26 to 40 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay

films on faces of peds; brown (10YR 5/3) uncoated

silt and very fine sand grains on vertical faces of

peds, mainly in the upper 6 inches of the horizon;

few fine roots; about 10 percent gravel and 2

percent cobbles; medium acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt2—40 to 48 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common clay coatings on sand grains; few

fine roots; about 10 percent gravel and 2 percent

cobbles; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

C—48 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy sand;

massive; friable; few fine roots; about 10 percent

gravel and 5 percent cobbles; neutral.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to more

than 60 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

15 percent in the upper part of the solum, from 5 to 20

percent in the lower part of the solum, and from 10 to

25 percent in the substratum. The content of boulders,

stones, and cobbles in the surface horizon of the

bouldery phases is 15 to 35 percent.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A horizon, where it

occurs, has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The

Bt1 horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4,

and chroma of 4 or 5. It is loam, fine sandy loam, or

sandy loam. The Bt2 horizon has hue of 7.5YR or

5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 or 5. It is loam,

sandy loam, loamy sand, or the gravelly analogs of

these textures. The C horizon is sandy loam, gravelly

sandy loam, loamy sand, or gravelly loamy sand.

Small pockets or discontinuous lenses of sand and

gravel occur in some pedons.

Loyal Series

The Loyal series consists of very deep, moderately

well drained soils on ground moraines. These soils

formed in silty deposits and in the underlying loamy

glacial till. Permeability is moderate in the silty part and

extremely slow to slow in the loamy till. Slope ranges

from 1 to 12 percent.
122 Soil Survey of

Typical pedon of Loyal silt loam, 1 to 6 percent

slopes, 700 feet north and 1,200 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 25, T. 28 N., R. 2 E.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—9 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate thick platy

structure parting to moderate fine subangular

blocky; friable; few fine roots; common medium

distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E/B—14 to 20 inches; 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; tongues into and surrounds remnants of

brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam (Bt); strong coarse

prismatic structure parting to strong medium and

coarse subangular blocky; firm; few faint dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine roots; common medium prominent and distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2B/E—20 to 25 inches; 75 percent reddish brown

(5YR 5/4) loam (2Bt); strong coarse prismatic

structure parting to strong coarse subangular

blocky; firm; few faint reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay

films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of

brown (7.5YR 5/3) silt loam (E), light brown

(7.5YR 6/3) dry; moderate coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles;

about 4 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2Bt1—25 to 37 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

loam; strong coarse prismatic structure parting to

strong coarse subangular blocky; firm; common

faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on

faces of peds; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; about 8 percent gravel;

very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt2—37 to 49 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few faint dark reddish brown (5YR

3/3) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

mottles; about 5 percent gravel; strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

2C—49 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam;

massive; firm; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; about 4 percent gravel;

strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 50

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

12 to 36 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

10 percent in the silty deposits and from 3 to 35

percent in the underlying loamy till.

The Ap horizon has value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 1

to 3. The A horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or

3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The E horizon and the E part

of the E/B or B/E horizon (where it occurs) have value

of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 or 3. Where moist colors are

4/3 or 5/3, dry value is 7 or more. The 2E part of the

2B/E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to

6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Where moist colors are 4/3 or

5/3, dry value is 7 or more. The 2E part of the 2B/E

horizon is loam or gravelly loam. The Bt part of the E/B

or B/E horizon (where it occurs) has hue of 7.5YR or

10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. The 2Bt

part of the 2B/E horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR,

value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is loam, sandy

clay loam, clay loam, or the gravelly analogs of these

textures. The 2Bt and 2C horizons have hue of 5YR or

7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. They are

sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or the gravelly

analogs of these textures.

Magnor Series

The Magnor series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils on ground moraines. These soils

formed in silty deposits and in the underlying loamy

glacial till. Permeability is moderate in the silty upper

part of the profile and extremely slow to slow in the

loamy till. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent.

Typical pedon of Magnor silt loam, 0 to 4 percent

slopes, 2,800 feet north and 1,200 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 6, T. 30 N., R. 9 E.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate very fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; many fine roots; about 4 percent gravel;

medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E/B—10 to 16 inches; 70 percent pale brown (10YR

6/3) silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) and common medium faint light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) mottles; moderate medium platy

structure; friable; remnants of strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) silt loam (Bt); moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;
Marathon County, Wisconsin 123

about 4 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2B/E—16 to 24 inches; 75 percent yellowish red (5YR

4/6) sandy loam (Bt); common medium distinct

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and common medium

prominent pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) mottles;

moderate very fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few prominent weak red (2.5YR 5/2) clay

films on faces of peds (Bt); tongues and a few

interfingers of pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) sandy

loam (E); weak medium platy structure; friable; few

fine roots; about 9 percent gravel; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt1—24 to 29 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy

loam; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR

5/8) and common medium distinct pinkish gray

(5YR 6/2) mottles; weak coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; common prominent weak red

(2.5YR 5/2) clay films on vertical and horizontal

faces of peds; a few pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2)

uncoated sand grains on vertical faces of peds;

about 8 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Bt2—29 to 39 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4)

sandy loam; common medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint

weak red (2.5YR 5/2) clay films on vertical faces

of peds; about 10 percent gravel; medium acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt3—39 to 50 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy

loam; few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few distinct weak red (2.5YR 5/2)

clay films on vertical faces of peds; about 14

percent gravel; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Cd—50 to 60 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4)

gravelly sandy loam; few medium prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; massive; firm;

about 16 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles;

slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 50

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

15 to 30 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

5 percent in the upper part of the solum and from 5 to

20 percent in the lower part and in the substratum. The

content of cobbles and stones ranges from 0 to 10

percent in the solum and substratum.

The Ap horizon has chroma of 2 or 3. The A

horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or 3 and

chroma of 1 or 2. Some pedons have a Bt horizon.

This horizon is silt loam. The 2Bt horizon has hue of

2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of

3 to 6. It is sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs

of these textures. The 2Cd horizon has textures similar

to those of the 2Bt horizon.

Mahtomedi Series

The Mahtomedi series consists of deep,

excessively drained and moderately well drained,

rapidly permeable soils on outwash plains and stream

terraces. These soils formed in sandy deposits. Slope

ranges from 0 to 45 percent.

Typical pedon of Mahtomedi loamy sand, 0 to 6

percent slopes, 100 feet north and 850 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 14, T. 28 N., R. 7 E.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand,

brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots;

about 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bw1—8 to 18 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy

sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; about 1 percent gravel;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—18 to 24 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)

gravelly loamy sand; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; about

23 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

C—24 to 60 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly

coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 23 percent

gravel; medium acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 15

percent in the upper part of the solum and from 10 to

35 percent in the lower part and in the substratum.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR and

value and chroma of 2 or 3. The A horizon, where it

occurs, has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3,

and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bw1 horizon has hue of

10YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 3 or 4. It is

loamy sand or sand. The Bw2 horizon has hue of

7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It

is loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand, coarse sand,

or the gravelly analogs of these textures. The C

horizon is sand, gravelly sand, coarse sand, or

gravelly coarse sand. In some pedons there is

stratification of the sand and gravel. Some pedons

have mottles with chroma of 6 to 8 at a depth of 30 to

60 inches.
124 Soil Survey of

Marathon Series

The Marathon series consists of deep, well drained

soils on uplands. These soils formed in silty deposits

and the underlying loamy glacial till and residuum

(grus) derived from granite. Permeability is moderate

or moderately rapid in the subsoil and rapid in the

substratum. Slope ranges from 2 to 15 percent.

Typical pedon of Marathon silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes, 150 feet west and 2,440 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 34, T. 28 N., R. 6 E.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

many fine fibrous roots; about 2 percent gravel;

very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak thin platy

structure; friable; common fine fibrous roots; about

2 percent gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E/B—10 to 18 inches; 80 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry (E);

weak thin platy structure; very friable; remnants of

brown (7.5YR 5/4) and dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt

loam (Bt); weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine fibrous roots; few faint clay

films on faces of peds in Bt remnants and in some

pores; about 2 percent gravel; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

B/E—18 to 29 inches; 60 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam

(Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces

of peds and in tubular pores; tongues of brown

(10YR 5/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

dry (E); weak thin platy structure; very friable; few

fine fibrous roots; about 2 percent gravel; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt1—29 to 38 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) and

brown (7.5YR 5/4) very gravelly coarse sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay

films on surfaces of gravel and coatings on sand

grains; about 55 percent angular and subangular

gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—38 to 57 inches; mixed dark brown (7.5YR 4/4),

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6 and 5/8), and yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) extremely gravelly loamy coarse

sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

clay films on surfaces of gravel and sand grains

and as bridges between sand grains; about 75

percent angular and subangular gravel; strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2C—57 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6 and 5/

8) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand; single

grain; about 90 percent gravel; strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 65

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

15 to 35 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

15 percent in the silty upper part of the solum, from 30

to 75 percent in the lower part of the solum, and from

15 to 90 percent in the substratum. The content of

cobbles or stones ranges from 0 to 2 percent in the

silty deposits and from 0 to 8 percent in the till and

residuum. The content of cobbles and stones in the

surface horizon of the stony phase is 15 to 35 percent.

The Ap horizon has value of 2 to 4 and chroma of 2

or 3. The A horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or

3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The 2Bt1 horizon has hue of

10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6.

It is gravelly or very gravelly sandy loam, gravelly or

very gravelly coarse sandy loam, or gravelly or very

gravelly loam. The 2Bt2 horizon has colors similar to

those of the 2Bt1 horizon. It is gravelly, very gravelly or

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand or gravelly, very

gravelly, or extremely coarse sandy loam. The 2C

horizon is extremely gravelly or very gravelly loamy

coarse sand.

Marshfield Series

The Marshfield series consists of deep, poorly

drained soils in depressions and drainageways on

ground moraines. These soils formed in silty deposits

and in the underlying loamy glacial till. Permeability is

moderate or moderately slow. Slope ranges from 0 to

3 percent.

Typical pedon of Marshfield silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, 2,600 feet south and 50 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 1, T. 26 N., R. 3 E.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

common fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; very

strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Eg—8 to 16 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

mottles; moderate thin platy structure; friable; few

fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Btg1—16 to 23 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silt loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown
Marathon County, Wisconsin 125

(10YR 5/8) and common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; strong medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) discontinuous clay

films on faces of all peds; few fine roots; about 7

percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Btg2—23 to 34 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) and common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) discontinuous clay films

on vertical faces of peds; about 8 percent gravel;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2C—34 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common medium distinct

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; massive;

friable; about 12 percent gravel; neutral.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 50

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

15 to 36 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

15 percent in the solum and substratum. The content

of cobbles ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the lower

part of the solum and in the substratum.

The Ap horizon or the A horizon, where it occurs,

has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Eg

horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and

chroma of 1 or 2. The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR,

2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 1 or 2. The

2Btg horizon has the same colors as those of the Btg

horizon. It is loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The

2C horizon is sandy loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam,

or loam.

Meadland Series

The Meadland series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained, moderately permeable or moderately

slowly permeable soils on ground moraines. These

soils formed in loamy deposits and in the underlying

loamy glacial till, in loamy residuum derived from

igneous and metamorphic rock, or in both. Slope

ranges from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical pedon of Meadland loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, 1,000 feet east and 1,000 feet north of the

center of sec. 20, T. 27 N., R. 8 E.

Oe—2 inches to 0; black (10YR 2/1) layer of partially

decomposed leaves, twigs, and roots.

A—0 to 2 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam;

weak very fine granular structure; friable; many

fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; medium acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bs—2 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common fine roots; about 3 percent gravel;

medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

E/B—7 to 16 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; few fine

faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and few fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak

medium platy structure parting to moderate very

fine subangular blocky; friable; remnants of dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam (Bt); weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; about 3 percent gravel; medium acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

B/E—16 to 25 inches; 70 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) loam (Bt); common medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint

dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on horizontal

faces of peds (Bt); common fine roots; tongues of

brown (10YR 5/3) loam (E); about 3 percent

gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—25 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; common medium distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and many medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine subangular

blocky; friable; few fine roots; brown (10YR 5/3)

sandy loam coatings on vertical faces of some

peds; few faint dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films

on horizontal faces of peds; about 12 percent

gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—36 to 41 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; common medium distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; firm; common distinct

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on

vertical faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C—41 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4),

grayish brown (10YR 5/2), strong brown (7.5YR

5/6), and olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) gravelly loam;

massive; friable; about 16 percent gravel; strongly

acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 48

inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 15

percent in the solum and from 0 to 30 percent in the

substratum. The content of cobbles and stones in the

surface horizon of the stony phase is 15 to 35 percent.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1

or 2. The Ap horizon, where it occurs, has value and
126 Soil Survey of

chroma of 2 or 3. The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR,

7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 4 to 8.

This horizon has mottles with chroma of 2 to 8. It is

sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The

C horizon is sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures.

Meehan Series

The Meehan series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained, rapidly permeable soils on outwash

plains, stream terraces, and glacial lake plains. These

soils formed in sandy deposits. Slope ranges from 0 to

2 percent.

Typical pedon of Meehan loamy sand, 0 to 2

percent slopes, 1,700 feet north and 1,500 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 34, T. 26 N., R. 6 E.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; very friable; common fine

roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—10 to 13 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw2—13 to 22 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

loamy sand; common medium distinct yellowish

red (5YR 5/6) and few fine distinct brown (7.5YR

5/2) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

BC—22 to 30 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand;

common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) and

many medium prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4)

mottles; single grain; loose; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

C—30 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand;

single grain; loose; slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 36

inches. The content of gravel in the solum and

substratum ranges from 0 to 15 percent.

The Ap horizon or the A horizon, where it occurs,

has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bw

horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and

chroma of 2 to 6. It is sand or loamy sand.

Minocqua Series

The Minocqua series consists of deep, poorly

drained and very poorly drained soils in drainageways

and depressions on outwash plains. These soils

formed in loamy deposits and in the underlying sand

and gravel. Permeability is moderate in the upper part

of the soils and rapid in the substratum. Slope ranges

from 0 to 2 percent.

These soils have more sand in the upper part of the

control section than is defined as the range for the

Minocqua series. This difference, however, does not

affect the usefulness or behavior of the soils.

Typical pedon of Minocqua sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes 1,420 feet south and 2,550 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 26, T. 28 N., R. 8 E.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine

roots; about 10 percent gravel; strongly acid;

abrupt wavy boundary.

Bg1—5 to 13 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam; few

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; about 5 percent gravel;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—13 to 19 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

sandy loam; common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

about 10 percent gravel; medium acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2BCg—19 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) gravelly loamy sand; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; about 25 percent gravel; medium acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2Cg—23 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; about 30 percent

gravel; slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 15

percent in the upper part of the solum, from 0 to 35

percent in the lower part of the solum, and from 0 to

60 percent in the substratum.

Some pedons have an Oa horizon. This horizon

ranges from 0 to 8 inches in thickness. The A horizon

has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bg

horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y and value of 4 to 6. It

is silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. The

2BCg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or

5, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loamy coarse sand,

gravelly loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, gravelly

loamy sand, or gravelly sandy loam. The 2Cg horizon

is sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or the gravelly or

very gravelly analogs of these textures.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 127

Moberg Series

The Moberg series consists of deep, somewhat

excessively drained, rapidly permeable soils on

uplands. These soils formed in thin deposits of silty

material and in the underlying residuum (grus)

derived from granite. Slope ranges from 2 to 15

percent.

Typical pedon of Moberg gravelly silt loam, 6 to 15

percent slopes, 1,500 feet east and 50 feet north of

the southwest corner of sec. 32, T. 28 N., R. 6 E.

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate very fine granular structure; friable;

many fine roots; about 15 percent angular

granitic gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bw—4 to 12 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly

silt loam; moderate very fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; about 30

percent angular granitic gravel; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2BC—12 to 20 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) very

gravelly coarse sandy loam; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; about 60 percent angular granitic gravel;

very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C—20 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand; single

grain; loose; about 80 percent coarse fragments;

very strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 15 to 30

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

0 to 15 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 10 to

35 percent in the A and Bw horizons and from 35 to 90

percent in the 2BC and 2C horizons. The content of

cobbles is 0 to 2 percent in the A and Bw horizons and

0 to 8 percent in the 2BC and 2C horizons.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1

or 2. The Ap horizon, where it occurs, has value of 3 or

4 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bw horizon has hue of

10YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 4 or 5. It is

silt loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs of these

textures. The 2BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR

and value and chroma of 4 to 6. It is very gravelly or

extremely gravelly loamy sand, very gravelly or

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, very gravelly or

extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, or very gravelly

or extremely gravelly sandy loam. The 2C horizon is

extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand or very gravelly

loamy coarse sand.

Mosinee Series

The Mosinee series consists of deep, well drained,

moderately permeable or moderately rapidly

permeable soils on uplands underlain by bedrock.

These soils formed in loamy deposits and the

underlying shattered igneous and metamorphic

bedrock. Slope ranges from 2 to 20 percent.

Typical pedon of Mosinee sandy loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes, 2,500 feet south and 1,000 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 3, T. 26 N., R. 7 E.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; some dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) soil mixed in by

plowing; few fine roots; about 12 percent angular

gravel and 1 percent angular cobbles; very

strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—7 to 14 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly sandy loam; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; about 25

percent angular gravel and 1 percent angular

cobbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—14 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very gravelly sandy loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

about 33 percent angular gravel and 2 percent

angular cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw3—19 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very gravelly sandy loam; moderate fine and very

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on pebbles and

cobbles; few fine roots; about 50 percent angular

gravel and 5 percent angular cobbles; strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw4—30 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

extremely gravelly sandy loam; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; few dark brown

(7.5YR 4/4) clay films on pebbles and cobbles;

about 75 percent angular gravel and 10 percent

angular cobbles; medium acid; abrupt irregular

boundary.

R—42 inches; fine grained igneous and metamorphic

rock, fractured in place.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 25 to 45

inches. Some pedons have a substratum. The depth to

fractured igneous and metamorphic rock ranges from

40 to 60 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

15 percent in the surface horizon, from 5 to 35 percent

in the upper part of the subsoil, and from 20 to 75
128 Soil Survey of

percent in the lower part and in the substratum. The

content of cobbles ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the

surface horizon, from 2 to 15 percent in the upper part

of the subsoil, and from 5 to 50 percent in the lower

part of the subsoil. It is 40 to 60 percent in the

substratum. The content of cobbles and stones in the

surface horizon of the stony phase is 15 to 35 percent.

The Ap horizon has chroma of 2 or 3. The A

horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or 3 and

chroma of 1 or 2. The Bw1 and Bw2 horizons have

hue of 10YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 4 or 5.

They are loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or the

gravelly analogs of these textures. The Bw3 and Bw4

horizons have hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 4 to 6. They are gravelly or cobbly

sandy loam, gravelly or cobbly loam, very gravelly or

very cobbly sandy loam, very gravelly or very cobbly

loam, or extremely gravelly sandy loam.

Mylrea Series

The Mylrea series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils on ground moraines. These soils

formed in silty deposits and in the underlying loamy

glacial till and residuum (grus) derived from granite.

Permeability is moderate in the subsoil and rapid in

the substratum. Slope ranges from 1 to 6 percent.

Typical pedon of Mylrea silt loam, 1 to 6 percent

slopes, 750 feet east and 100 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 3, T. 27 N., R. 6 E.

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many

fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs—3 to 9 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; about 3 percent gravel; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

E—9 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt

loam; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

mottles; moderate medium platy structure parting

to moderate very fine subangular blocky; friable;

common fine roots; about 4 percent gravel; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—12 to 19 inches; 80 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); few fine distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

tongues of pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam (E);

weak thin platy structure; very friable; few fine

roots; about 4 percent gravel; very strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt1—19 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; common medium distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

mottles; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on horizontal faces of

peds; pale brown (10YR 6/3) tongues in the upper

part of this horizon; about 8 percent gravel; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—28 to 33 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine

sandy loam; common medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2)

mottles; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct dark brown

(7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 5

percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

2BC—33 to 38 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)

gravelly fine sandy loam; common medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and pinkish gray (7.5YR

6/2) mottles; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; about 15 percent gravel; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

3C—38 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely

gravelly loamy coarse sand; few fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; single grain;

loose; about 60 percent angular gravel; strongly

acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 60

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

15 to 36 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

10 percent in the silty upper part of the solum; from 2

to 20 percent in the lower part of the solum, which

formed in till; and from 15 to 90 percent in the

substratum. The content of cobbles is 0 to 2 percent in

the silty upper part of the solum and 0 to 8 percent in

the lower part and in the substratum. The content of

cobbles and stones in the surface horizon of the stony

phase is 15 to 35 percent.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 0

to 2. The Ap horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 to

4 and chroma of 2 or 3. The Bt horizon has hue of

10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6.

It has mottles with chroma of 2 to 8. The 2Bt horizon

has hue of 2.5Y, 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 4 or 5;

and chroma of 3 to 6. It has mottles with chroma of 2

to 8. This horizon is sandy loam, fine sandy loam,

loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures. The 3C

horizon is extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand or

very gravelly coarse sandy loam.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 129

Newson Series

The Newson series consists of deep, poorly drained

and very poorly drained, rapidly permeable soils in

drainageways and depressions on stream terraces, on

outwash plains, and in glacial lake basins. These soils

formed in a layer of organic material less than 16

inches thick and in the underlying sandy deposits.

Slope is 0 to 1 percent.

These soils have a thinner surface layer than is

defined as the range for the Newson series. This

difference, however, does not affect the usefulness or

behavior of the soils.

Typical pedon of Newson mucky loamy sand, 0 to 1

percent slopes, 2,500 feet west and 700 feet north of

the southeast corner of sec. 26, T. 28 N., R. 8 E.

Oi—3 inches to 0; litter layer of dead leaves, twigs,

and grass.

A—0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky loamy sand;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common medium roots; about 40 percent sapric

material; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bg—3 to 12 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy

sand; few fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR

6/6) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

BCg—12 to 23 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sand;

single grain; loose; very strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Cg—23 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand;

single grain; loose; strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 23 to 50

inches. The thickness of the organic material ranges

from 0 to 16 inches. It is typically less than 8 inches.

The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 15 percent in

the solum and substratum.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2

or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bg horizon has hue of

10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 1 or

2. It is sand or loamy sand.

Oesterle Series

The Oesterle series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils on outwash plains and stream

terraces. These soils formed in loamy deposits and in

the underlying sand or very gravelly sand. Permeability

is moderate in the upper part of the subsoil and rapid

in the substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent.

Typical pedon of Oesterle loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, 300 feet north and 1,100 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 26, T. 28 N., R. 9 E.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very

fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

common fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E/B—7 to 10 inches; 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

sandy loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

and few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; remnants of dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam (Bt);

about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

B/E—10 to 14 inches; 70 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) sandy loam (Bt); common medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few clay coatings

on sand grains; tongues of pale brown (10YR 6/3)

sandy loam (E); about 5 percent gravel; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—14 to 27 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy

loam; common medium distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and brown (7.5YR 5/2) mottles;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine roots; common clay coatings on sand

grains; about 5 percent gravel; medium acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2Bt2—27 to 30 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) loamy sand; common medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few clay bridges between

sand grains; about 7 percent gravel; medium acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2C—30 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; common medium distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

mottles; single grain; loose; about 10 percent

gravel; medium acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40

inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 20

percent in the the solum and from 5 to 60 percent in

the substratum.

The Ap horizon has value and chroma of 2 or 3.

The A horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or 3

and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR

or 10YR and value and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sandy
130 Soil Survey of

loam or loam. The mottles in this horizon have chroma

of 1 or 2 or 6 to 8. The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR,

7.5YR, or 5YR and value and chroma of 4 to 6. It is

loamy sand, gravelly loamy sand, sandy loam, or

gravelly sandy loam. The 2C horizon is sand, gravelly

sand, very gravelly sand, or gravelly or very gravelly

loamy sand.

Plover Series

The Plover series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained, moderately permeable soils in glacial

lake basins, on delta kames, and on stream terraces.

These soils formed in loamy lacustrine deposits

underlain by stratified sandy and loamy deposits.

Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent.

Typical pedon of Plover sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, 1,520 feet west and 1,200 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 7, T. 27 N., R. 10 E.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—7 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam, very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; few fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—14 to 28 inches; 60 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) sandy loam (Bt); common fine distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and common fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine roots; tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) sandy

loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; medium

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—28 to 35 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy

loam; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) and common medium distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint

patchy dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces

of peds; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—35 to 42 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam;

many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) and many medium distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) mottles; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few faint patchy dark

brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds;

medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

C1—42 to 48 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4),

stratified sandy loam and loamy fine sand;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

and many fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) mottles; weak medium platy structure; very

friable; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

C2—48 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),

stratified sand and sandy loam; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles;

single grain in sand strata; massive in sandy loam

strata; very friable; medium acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 36 to 48

inches. The Ap horizon has value of 3 or 4 and chroma

of 2 or 3. The A horizon, where it occurs, has value of

2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bt horizon has hue of

10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 or 5.

It is typically loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam, but

in some pedons it has thin subhorizons of silt loam,

very fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand.

The C horizon is stratified with silt loam, sandy loam,

loamy fine sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or sand.

Ribhill Series

The Ribhill series consists of moderately deep, well

drained, moderately permeable soils on quartzite

monadnocks. These soils formed in silty deposits over

quartzite bedrock. Slope ranges from 6 to 30 percent.

Typical pedon of Ribhill cobbly silt loam, 6 to 15

percent slopes, stony, 350 feet north and 600 feet west

of the center of sec. 15, T. 28 N., R. 7 E.

Oe—4 inches to 0; litter layer of leaves, twigs, and

branches.

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) cobbly

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots;

about 15 percent angular gravel and 20 percent

angular cobbles; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bs—4 to 10 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) cobbly silt

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; about 5 percent

angular gravel and 20 percent angular cobbles;

very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

E/B—10 to 17 inches; 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

cobbly silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

dry; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; remnants of dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) cobbly silt loam (Bt); moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; about 5 percent angular gravel and 20

percent angular cobbles; strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

B/E—17 to 23 inches; 70 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) cobbly silt loam (Bt); moderate medium
Marathon County, Wisconsin 131

subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint

patchy dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on

horizontal faces of peds; tongues of brown (10YR

5/3) cobbly silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR

7/3) dry; few fine roots; about 15 percent angular

gravel and 25 percent angular cobbles; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt—23 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

very cobbly silt loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

common faint dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds; about 20 percent angular gravel

and 35 percent angular cobbles; very strongly

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

R—35 inches; fractured quartzite with dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam in joints.

The thickness of the solum and the depth to

bedrock range from 20 to 40 inches. The content of

gravel ranges from 2 to 15 percent in the upper part of

the solum and from 15 to 25 percent in the lower part.

The content of cobbles ranges from 5 to 25 percent in

the upper part of the solum and from 20 to 45 percent

in the lower part. The content of stones ranges from 15

to 35 percent in the surface horizon and is as much as

25 percent in the lower horizons.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1

or 2. The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR and

value and chroma of 4 or 5. It is gravelly, cobbly, or

very cobbly silt loam.

Rietbrock Series

The Rietbrock series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained, moderately permeable or moderately

slowly permeable soils on ground moraines and

uplands that are underlain by bedrock. These soils

formed in silty deposits underlain by gravelly and

cobbly, loamy glacial till or in residuum derived from

igneous and metamorphic rock, or in both. They are

underlain by igneous and metamorphic bedrock. Slope

ranges from 1 to 8 percent.

Typical pedon of Rietbrock silt loam, 1 to 8 percent

slopes, 1,200 feet north and 1,200 feet east of the

center of sec. 27, T. 29 N., R. 6 E.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate very fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; about 3 percent gravel;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—8 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; few fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium

platy structure parting to moderate very fine

subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; about 3

percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

E/B—11 to 15 inches; 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

and few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

mottles; weak medium platy structure; friable; few

fine roots; remnants of dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

faint patchy clay films on faces of peds; about 3

percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—15 to 22 inches; 60 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) loam (Bt); common fine distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and few medium distinct brown

(7.5YR 5/2) mottles; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few faint patchy strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films on faces of Bt peds;

tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) loam (E), very pale

brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; about 3 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—22 to 29 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly

loam; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) and common medium distinct brown (7.5YR

5/2) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct discontinuous

dark brown (7.4YR 4/2) clay films on all faces of

peds; few fine roots; about 16 percent gravel and 3

percent cobbles; medium acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—29 to 38 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly

clay loam; common medium distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and brown (7.5YR 5/2) mottles;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; common distinct discontinuous dark brown

(7.5YR 4/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds;

few fine roots; about 20 percent gravel and 10

percent angular cobbles; medium acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt3—38 to 45 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) very

cobbly loam; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) and brown (7.5YR 5/2) mottles; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct

discontinuous dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films

on vertical faces of peds; about 20 percent gravel

and 20 percent angular cobbles; medium acid;

clear wavy boundary.

R—45 inches; shattered igneous and metamorphic

rock with dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam in joints

that diminish with depth.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 36 to 55

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

7 to 15 inches. The depth to bedrock ranges from 40
132 Soil Survey of

to 60 inches. The content of angular gravel ranges

from 0 to 10 percent in the surface and subsurface

horizons, from 15 to 35 percent in the upper part of the

subsoil, and from 15 to 60 percent in the lower part of

the subsoil. The content of angular cobbles ranges

from 0 to 5 percent in the surface horizon, from 5 to 15

percent in the upper part of the subsoil, and from 5 to

40 percent in the lower part of the subsoil. The content

of stones and cobbles in the surface horizon of the

stony phase is 15 to 35 percent.

The Ap horizon has value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 2

or 3. The A horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or

3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bt horizon has hue of

7.5YR or 5YR and value and chroma of 4 or 5. The

Bt1 and Bt2 horizons are gravelly or cobbly loam,

gravelly or cobbly sandy clay loam, or gravelly or

cobbly clay loam. The Bt3 horizon is gravelly, very

gravelly, cobbly, or very cobbly sandy loam; gravelly,

very gravelly, cobbly, or very cobbly loam; or gravelly,

very gravelly, cobbly, or very cobbly sandy clay loam.

Rockers Series

The Rockers series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils on ground moraines. These soils

formed in sandy deposits underlain by loamy glacial till

or in loamy residuum derived from igneous and

metamorphic rock, or in both. Permeability is moderate

or moderately rapid in the upper part of the subsoil

and moderately slow in the substratum. Slope ranges

from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical pedon of Rockers loamy sand, 0 to 3

percent slopes, 1,800 feet east and 25 feet south of

the northwest corner of sec. 13, T. 26 N., R. 7 E.

A—0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, gray

(10YR 5/1) dry; weak very fine granular structure;

very friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid;

abrupt wavy boundary.

E—3 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy

sand; weak medium platy structure parting to

weak very fine subangular blocky; very friable;

common fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt

wavy boundary.

Bhs—6 to 9 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine roots; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs—9 to 18 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy

sand; few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

and few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) mottles;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

E/B—18 to 27 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

loamy sand (E); common medium prominent

yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and common fine faint

brown (7.5YR 5/2) mottles; weak thick platy

structure parting to weak coarse subangular

blocky; very friable; few fine roots; remnants of

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand (B);

a few iron-cemented peds; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2Btg—27 to 38 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

gravelly loam; many medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 4/6) and common medium faint gray

(10YR 6/1) mottles; moderate coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few faint patchy dark

brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds;

about 20 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2C—38 to 60 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly

sandy loam; common medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) and common medium distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) mottles; massive; friable;

about 30 percent gravel; very strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 36 to 42

inches. The thickness of the sandy deposits ranges

from 15 to 30 inches. The content of gravel ranges

from 0 to 15 percent in the sandy upper part of the

solum and from 5 to 30 percent in the loamy lower part

and in the substratum.

The A horizon or Ap horizon, where it occurs, has

value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Bhs horizon

has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR and chroma of 2 or 3. It is

loamy sand or sandy loam. The Bs horizon has hue of

5YR or 7.5YR and chroma of 3 or 4. This horizon has

mottles with chroma of 2 to 8. It is loamy sand or

sandy loam. The 2Btg horizon has hue of 7.5YR or

10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It has

mottles with chroma of 2 to 8. It is sandy loam, gravelly

sandy loam, loam, or gravelly loam. The 2C horizon

has textures similar to those of the 2Btg horizon.

Rosholt Series

The Rosholt series consists of deep, well drained

soils on outwash plains and stream terraces. These

soils formed in loamy deposits or in silty and loamy

deposits and in the underlying very gravelly sand.

Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil and rapid in the substratum. Slope ranges from

0 to 6 percent.

Typical pedon of Rosholt sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes, 1,700 feet north and 2,100 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 3, T. 26 N., R. 9 E.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR
Marathon County, Wisconsin 133

3/2) sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; about 10 percent

gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E/B—10 to 13 inches; 75 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

sandy loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry;

moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; about 14 percent

gravel; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam (Bt);

moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; mixed with some Ap horizon

material by earthworms; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

B/E—13 to 17 inches; 60 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few distinct patchy strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds; clay

coatings on sand grains; few fine roots; about 14

percent gravel; tongues of brown (10YR 5/3)

sandy loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt1—17 to 27 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)

gravelly sandy loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

about 30 percent gravel; common distinct

discontinuous strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films

on faces of peds; clay coatings on sand grains;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—27 to 30 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)

gravelly loamy coarse sand; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; very few

fine roots; about 30 percent gravel; a few clay

bridges between sand grains; medium acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2C—30 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) and reddish

yellow (7.5YR 6/6) very gravelly sand; single grain;

loose; very few fine roots; about 40 percent gravel;

stratified sand and gravel; slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 40

inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 15

percent in the loamy upper part of the solum, from 0 to

35 percent in the lower part of the solum, and from 0

to 65 percent in the substratum. The content of

cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the solum and

from 0 to 15 percent in the substratum.

The Ap horizon has chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam

or sandy loam. The A horizon, where it occurs, has

textures similar to those of the Ap horizon. It has value

of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. Some pedons have a

Bt horizon. This horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR,

value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sandy loam,

loam, or fine sandy loam. The 2Bt horizon has hue of

7.5YR or 5YR and value and chroma of 4 to 6. It is

sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam, loamy sand, or

gravelly loamy coarse sand. The 2C horizon is sand,

gravelly sand, or very gravelly sand. Stratification is

common.

Rozellville Series

The Rozellville series consists of deep, well

drained, moderately permeable soils on uplands.

These soils formed in silty deposits underlain by loamy

glacial till or in loamy residuum derived from igneous

and metamorphic bedrock, or in both. Slope ranges

from 2 to 6 percent.

Typical pedon of Rozellville silt loam, in an area of

Fenwood-Rozellville silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes,

2,200 feet west and 1,100 feet north of the southeast

corner of sec. 36, T. 30 N., R. 7 E.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate very fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; about 3 percent gravel;

strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, light gray

(10YR 7/2) dry; weak medium platy structure

parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky;

friable; few fine roots; about 3 percent gravel;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—9 to 14 inches; 65 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; very few

faint patchy clay films on horizontal faces of peds;

tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E), light

gray (10YR 7/2) dry; about 3 percent gravel;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt1—14 to 26 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; fingers of brown

(10YR 5/3) E horizon material through the upper

part of the horizon; common distinct discontinuous

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films on faces of

peds; about 10 percent gravel and 3 percent

cobbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt2—26 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint patchy

dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on vertical faces

of peds; about 12 percent gravel and 3 percent

cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C—35 to 60 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) gravelly

loam; massive; friable; about 20 percent gravel

and 10 percent cobbles; medium acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 40

inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to 15
134 Soil Survey of

percent in the solum and from 0 to 35 percent in the

substratum. The content of cobbles ranges from 0 to 5

percent in the solum and from 10 to 35 percent in the

substratum.

The Ap horizon has chroma of 2 or 3. The A

horizon, where it occurs, has value and chroma of 2 or

3. The 2Bt horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR;

value of 4 or 5; and chroma or 4 to 6. It is sandy loam,

loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The 2C horizon is

sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam, loam, gravelly loam,

cobbly sandy loam, or cobbly loam.

Scott Lake Series

The Scott Lake series consists of deep, moderately

well drained soils on outwash plains and stream

terraces. These soils formed in loamy deposits or in

silty and loamy deposits and in the underlying sand to

very gravelly coarse sand. Permeability is moderate in

the subsoil and rapid in the substratum. Slope ranges

from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical pedon of Scott Lake sandy loam, 0 to 3

percent slopes, 4,100 feet west and 50 feet south of

the northeast corner of sec. 6, T. 26 N., R. 9 E.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; about 5

percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E/B—8 to 15 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry (E);

weak medium platy structure parting to moderate

very fine subangular blocky; friable; dark brown

(7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

B/E—15 to 22 inches; 70 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few clay

coatings on sand grains; tongues of brown (10YR

5/3) sandy loam (E); about 5 percent gravel;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt1—22 to 29 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; clay coatings on

most sand grains; interfingering of brown (10YR

5/3) sandy loam (E); about 5 percent gravel;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—29 to 33 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

loamy sand; common medium distinct yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; few

clay bridges between sand grains; about 10

percent gravel; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.

2C—33 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

gravelly coarse sand; common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; single grain;

loose; about 25 percent gravel; slightly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 40

inches. The thickness of the silty or loamy deposits

ranges from 20 to 36 inches. The content of gravel

ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the upper part of the

solum, from 2 to 35 percent in the lower part of the

solum, and from 10 to 60 percent in the substratum.

The content of cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent in

the upper part of the solum and from 0 to 25 percent

in the lower part and in the substratum.

The Ap horizon has value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 2

or 3. The A horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or

3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Ap or A horizon is sandy

loam or silt loam. The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or

7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is silt

loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam. The 2Bt

horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and

chroma of 3 to 6. It is sandy loam, loamy sand, or the

gravelly analogs of these textures. The 2C horizon is

sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly

analogs of these textures.

Seelyeville Series

The Seelyeville series consists of deep, very poorly

drained soils in depressions on ground moraines,

glacial lake plains, and outwash plains. These soils

formed in herbaceous organic material more than 51

inches thick. Permeability is moderately slow to

moderately rapid. Slope is 0 to 1 percent.

Typical pedon of Seelyeville muck, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, 500 feet west and 2,510 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 12, T. 26 N., R. 9 E.

Oa1—0 to 4 inches; sapric material, black (10YR 2/1)

broken face, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) rubbed;

about 50 percent fiber, 15 percent rubbed;

moderate thick platy structure; nonsticky; common

fine roots; primarily herbaceous fibers; neutral (pH

6.9 in water); clear wavy boundary.

Oa2—4 to 10 inches; sapric material, black (10YR 2/1)

broken face and rubbed; about 20 percent fiber, 3

percent rubbed; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; slightly sticky; few fine roots;

primarily herbaceous fibers; slightly acid (pH 6.5 in

water); clear wavy boundary.

Oa3—10 to 20 inches; sapric material, black (10YR

2/1) broken face and rubbed; about 30 percent

fiber, 10 percent rubbed; moderate coarse
Marathon County, Wisconsin 135

subangular blocky structure; nonsticky; primarily

herbaceous fibers; about 3 percent woody

fragments 1 inch in diameter and 1 to 3 inches in

length; slightly acid (pH 6.5 in water); clear wavy

boundary.

Oa4—20 to 41 inches; sapric material, black (10YR

2/1) broken face and rubbed; about 30 percent

fiber, 10 percent rubbed; moderate coarse

subangular blocky structure; nonsticky; primarily

herbaceous fibers; about 8 percent woody

fragments 1 inch in diameter and 1 to 6 inches in

length; neutral (pH 6.9 in water); clear wavy

boundary.

Oa5—41 to 60 inches; sapric material, black (10YR

2/1) broken face and rubbed; about 30 percent

fiber, 10 percent rubbed; massive; nonsticky;

primarily herbaceous fibers; about 8 percent

woody fragments 1 inch in diameter and 1 to 6

inches in length; neutral (pH 7.1 in water).

The organic material is more than 51 inches thick. It

has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2 throughout.

Sherry Series

The Sherry series consists of deep, poorly drained

and very poorly drained soils in depressions and

drainageways on ground moraines. These soils formed

in silty deposits underlain by loamy glacial till or in

loamy residuum derived from igneous and

metamorphic rock, or in both. Permeability is

moderately slow or moderate in the upper part of the

profile and moderately slow in the lower part. Slope

ranges from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical pedon of Sherry silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, 1,500 feet north and 100 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 25, T. 30 N., R. 8 E.

A1—0 to 4 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; few fine

prominent dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; many

fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

A2—4 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; few

fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles;

moderate very fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; about 1 percent gravel;

very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Eg—8 to 13 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt

loam; common fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) mottles; weak medium platy structure parting

to moderate very fine subangular blocky; friable;

few fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; common

fine very dark brown (10YR 2/2) concretions (iron

and manganese oxides); very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

BEg—13 to 18 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silt loam; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; about 5

percent gravel; few fine very dark brown (10YR

2/2) concretions (iron and manganese oxides);

very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg—18 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; common medium prominent yellowish red

(5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine subangular

blocky; friable; few fine roots; about 1 percent

gravel; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay

films on vertical faces of peds; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2Bt—26 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

common medium distinct yellowish red

(5YR 5/6) and many medium distinct brown

(7.5YR 5/2) mottles; weak medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; firm; few fine roots; about 2 percent gravel;

few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on

vertical faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2BC—38 to 44 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam;

common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

and brown (7.5YR 5/2) mottles; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; about 5 percent

gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

3C—44 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6),

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4), and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) loam; massive;

firm; about 5 percent gravel; medium acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 60

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

15 to 30 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

5 percent in the upper part of the solum and from 5 to

35 percent in the lower part and in the substratum. The

content of cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the

upper part of the solum and from 0 to 10 percent in

the lower part and in the substratum.

The A horizon or the Ap horizon, where it occurs,

has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Eg, BEg,

and Btg horizons have hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value

of 4 to 6; and chroma of 1 or 2. They are silt loam or

silty clay loam. The 2Bt horizon has hue of 5Y, 2.5Y,

10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR, or 2.5YR; value of 4 or 5; and

chroma of 2 to 8. It is loam, sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, clay loam, or the gravelly analogs of these

textures. The 3C horizon has textures similar to those

of the 2Bt horizon.
136 Soil Survey of

Sturgeon Series

The Sturgeon series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils on flood plains. These soils

formed in silty, loamy, and sandy alluvial deposits.

Permeability is moderate in the silty and loamy upper

part of the profile and rapid in the sandy lower part.

Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent.

These soils have more sand in the lower part of the

control section and have yellower hue than is defined

as the range for the Sturgeon series. These

differences, however, do not affect the usefulness or

behavior of the soils.

Typical pedon of Sturgeon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, 1,250 feet south and 1,750 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 31, T. 30 N., R. 5 E.

A—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots;

about 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

C1—8 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

silt loam; weak very fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; about 3 percent

gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C2—18 to 31 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4),

stratified silt loam, loam, and sandy loam; few fine

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and

common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; about 3 percent

gravel; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

C3—31 to 41 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sand; common medium distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; single grain; loose; about 5

percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C4—41 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single

grain; loose; about 10 percent gravel; strongly

acid.

The thickness of the silty and loamy mantle ranges

from 16 to 36 inches. The content of gravel ranges

from 0 to 10 percent throughout the profile.

The A horizon or the Ap horizon, where it occurs,

has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 2

or 3. The part of the C horizon within a depth of about

36 inches is silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy

loam. Stratification of these textures or with coarser

ones is common. The lower part of the C horizon is

sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand.

Stratification of these textures or with finer ones is

common.

Withee Series

The Withee series consists of deep, somewhat

poorly drained soils on ground moraines. These soils

formed in silty deposits and in the underlying loamy

glacial till. Permeability is moderate in the silty upper

part of the profile and very slow in the substratum.

Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent.

Typical pedon of Withee silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, 1,800 feet north and 1,675 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 7, T. 27 N., R. 2 E.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—8 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; few fine faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) and common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak

thick platy structure parting to moderate fine

subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

E/B—13 to 25 inches; 80 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

silt loam (E); many coarse faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak very thick

platy structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; friable; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)

silt loam (Bt); few fine roots; very strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

B/E—25 to 32 inches; 70 percent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) loam (Bt); many coarse distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and common medium prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

few faint discontinuous reddish brown (5YR 4/4)

clay films on horizontal faces of peds (Bt); tongues

of brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E); very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt1—32 to 39 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay

loam; common fine distinct pinkish gray (5YR 6/2)

and common medium prominent yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to strong coarse subangular

blocky; firm; common faint discontinuous reddish

brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on all faces of peds;

about 5 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2Bt2—39 to 45 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy

clay loam; few medium prominent yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate coarse subangular
Marathon County, Wisconsin 137

blocky structure; firm; few faint discontinuous

reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on vertical

faces of peds; about 10 percent gravel; very

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Cd—45 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy

clay loam; massive; firm; about 10 percent gravel;

very strongly acid.

The thickness of the solum ranges from 32 to 45

inches. The thickness of the silty deposits ranges from

15 to 36 inches. The content of gravel ranges from 0 to

5 percent in the silty deposits and from 0 to 15 percent

in the underlying loamy till.

The Ap horizon has value and chroma of 2 or 3.

The A horizon, where it occurs, has value of 2 or 3

and chroma of 1 or 2. Some pedons have a Bt horizon.

This horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or

5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is silt loam. The 2Bt horizon

has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma

of 3 or 4. This horizon has mottles with chroma of 2 to

8. It is loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The 2Cd

horizon has textures similar to those of the 2Bt horizon.

139

This section describes the geology and underlying

material in Marathon County, the processes of soil

formation, and the factors of soil formation.

Geology and Underlying Material

Robert N. Cheetham, geologist, Natural Resources

Conservation Service, and John W. Attig, Jr., geologist, Wisconsin

Geological and Natural History Survey, helped prepare this section.

Marathon County, within the Northern Highland of

Wisconsin, is underlain by a variety of Precambrian

igneous, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks (11). In

about 5 percent of the area, mostly in the

southwestern and southern parts of the county, the

Precambrian rock is overlain by Upper Cambrian

sandstone. Both the Precambrian and Upper

Cambrian rocks are quarried for dimension stone. A

distinctive red granite is quarried in several areas, and

well cemented Upper Cambrian sandstone is quarried

at a few sites. The Precambrian rock has been

weathered to a considerable depth in many areas of

the county. The weathered, coarse grained, red

granite, locally called “rotten granite,” is extensively

used in county road maintenance and landscaping.

The two most conspicuous landforms are Rib

Mountain, a monadnock of quartzite, and the valley of

the Wisconsin River.

The Precambrian and Upper Cambrian rock is

overlain by as much as 260 feet of Pleistocene

material (12). The thickest Pleistocene deposits occur

in the valleys of the Wisconsin, Rib, Eau Pleine, and

Plover Rivers. In these valleys the streams marginal to

and draining from the Pleistocene glaciers deposited

thick sequences of stratified sand and gravelly sand.

These are locally overlain by thin deposits of

postglacial alluvium or windblown silt. The sand and

gravelly sand deposited by meltwater streams is

mined in many areas. The extent of these outwash

deposits coincides generally with associations 7, 8,

and 9, which are described in the section “General

Soil Map Units.”

Glacial materials were deposited by the Chippewa

and Western Green Bay ice lobes during the

Pleistocene epoch. The stratigraphic sequence of

glacial formational units is complex, and it is based on

the mineralogical, chemical, and physical

characteristics of till assemblages and associated

alluvial and lacustrine deposits. The oldest till

deposited is the Wausau Member of the Marathon

Formation. It is probably of pre-Wisconsinan age. It is

in the central part of the county. This till and the

associated sand and gravel, which were deposited by

a glacial advance from the west-northwest, form a

discontinuous cover, generally less than 10 feet thick,

over the bedrock. Glacial erratics throughout the area

provide clear evidence of glaciation. Adjacent to the

major drainageways, the thin deposits of glacial

materials have been eroded and the underlying

Precambrian rock crops out. The area of this till

generally coincides with associations 4, 5, and 6.

A glacial deposit of intermediate age, the Edgar

Member of the Marathon Formation, overlies the

Wausau Member. This till, deposited by an advance of

ice from the northwest, is reddish brown to pinkish

gray loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.

It is calcareous but has been leached to depths of at

least 10 feet. The extent of the Edgar Member is

approximately defined by association 2.

Another glacial deposit of intermediate age was

transported from the north in early Wisconsinan or

pre-Wisconsinan times. This deposit is reddish brown

sandy loam till and is in the northern part of the

county. This stratigraphic unit is the Merrill Member of

the Lincoln Formation. The till is as much as 200 feet

thick. Its extent generally coincides with association 1.

The most recent glacial stratigraphic unit in

Marathon County, the Mapleview Member of the

Horicon Formation, is late Wisconsinan in age. The till

is reddish brown or brown sandy loam or loamy sand.

It occurs in the eastern part of the county and was

deposited by the Western Green Bay ice lobe.

Because this area was the most recently glaciated in

Marathon County, the landforms are well preserved

and undrained depressions are common. The extent of

this area generally coincides with association 3.

Processes of Soil Formation

Horizons are differentiated in a soil as a result of

the action of certain basic soil-forming processes.

Formation of the Soils
140 Soil Survey of

There are four main processes. They are gains,

losses, transfers, and transformations. They generally

do not act alone. Some changes promote and others

retard or offset horizon differentiation. The balance

among the changes determines the nature of the soil

at any given point.

Withee soils exemplify how these soil-forming

processes interact. The parent material of these soils

was acid loamy till and windblown silt loam. The silt

loam was probably deposited over the till during and

after the glacial period. Because these soils are nearly

level and gently sloping and are underlain by

nonporous till, they are somewhat poorly drained. The

climate favored the growth of plants. Plants and

animals contributed to the accumulation of organic

matter and organic acids and mixed the soil. These

processes accelerated as more and higher forms of

organisms grew in the soils and produced more

organic residue and acids.

Organic matter in various stages of decomposition

accumulated on or near the surface. Decomposed

organic matter gave the surface layer a darker color

than it originally had. Suspended particles of clay were

translocated downward in the soils by slowly

percolating water. The chemical weathering of

minerals and the accumulation of clay gradually

changed the middle part of the soil profile to clay loam.

Periodic wetting and drying in the upper part of the

soils caused oxidation and reduction of the iron in the

subsurface layer and subsoil. This process gave these

horizons a mottled color.

As a result of these processes, the Withee soils

have a very dark grayish brown silt loam surface layer,

a mottled silt loam subsurface layer, and a mottled

loam, clay loam, and sandy clay loam subsoil. They

are underlain by acid sandy clay loam glacial till at a

depth of about 45 inches. This underlying till has

changed little since it was deposited.

Processes that took place in the formation of

Withee soils were gains of organic matter in the

surface layer, loss of clay in the subsurface layer and

the subsequent transfer of clay to the subsoil, and the

transformation of iron compounds in the subsurface

layer and subsoil. All of these processes are active in

the soils of Marathon County. The kinds of parent

material in Marathon County together with the relief

have, to a great extent, determined the kinds of

processes that are dominant in the formation of all

the soils. These processes are, in turn, largely

responsible for the differences and similarities

among the soils.

Factors of Soil Formation

The factors that determine the kind of soil that

forms at any given point are the composition of the

parent material; the climate under which the soil

material has accumulated and weathered; the plant

and animal life on and in the soil; the relief, or lay of

the land; and the length of time that the forces of soil

formation have acted on the soil material (8).

Climate and plant and animal life, chiefly plants, are

active factors of soil formation. They alter the

accumulated parent material and bring about the

development of genetically related horizons. The

effects of climate and plant and animal life are

conditioned by relief. The parent material affects the

kind of profile that can form and, in extreme cases,

determines it almost entirely. Finally, time is needed for

the transformation of the parent material into a soil.

Usually, a long time is required for the development of

distinct horizons.

The factors of soil formation are so closely

interrelated that few generalizations can be made

regarding the effect of any one factor unless

conditions are specified for the other four.

Parent Material

Parent material is the unconsolidated mass in which

a soil forms. It largely determines the chemical and

mineralogical composition of the soil. All of the soils in

Marathon County formed in deposits that are directly

or indirectly the result of glacial action. Some soils

formed in more than one kind of parent material. Many

have a silty mantle of eolian origin.

Most of the soils in Marathon County formed

partially in glacial till or glacial outwash. Many formed

in residuum derived from the underlying igneous or

metamorphic bedrock or have this locally derived

residuum mixed into the till. A few soils formed in

glaciolacustrine deposits, alluvial deposits, or organic

material.

Glacial till is unstratified, unsorted glacial debris

consisting of clay, silt, and sand. It may contain gravel,

cobbles, stones, or boulders. There were three or

more glacial advances into Marathon County. These

are distinguished primarily by the textures of the till

and the amount of locally derived residuum mixed with

the till.

Hatley and Kennan soils formed in the youngest till.

They formed in a silty or loamy mantle over till that is

typically loamy sand.

Amery, Cable, Freeon, and Magnor are examples of

soils that formed in till of intermediate age. They
Marathon County, Wisconsin 141

formed in a silty or loamy mantle over till that is

typically gravelly sandy loam.

The oldest till contains varying amounts of

residuum derived locally from the underlying bedrock.

Rozellville and Sherry soils formed in silty and loamy

deposits over mixed loamy till and residuum. Fenwood

and Rietbrock soils formed in silty deposits and in the

underlying mixed loamy till and residuum.

Undifferentiated igneous and metamorphic bedrock is

within 5 feet of the surface of these soils. Marathon,

Moberg, and Mylrea soils formed in silty and loamy

deposits over extremely gravelly residuum known as

grus. Dancy, Guenther, Meadland, Mosinee, and

Rockers soils formed in loamy or sandy deposits over

mixed loamy glacial till and residuum. Mosinee soils

are underlain by undifferentiated igneous and

metamorphic bedrock within 5 feet of the surface.

Altdorf and Dolph soils formed in silty deposits over

mixed clayey glacial till and residuum. Ribhill soils

formed in silty deposits over quartzite bedrock.

Glacial outwash was deposited by meltwater flowing

from glacial ice. It occurs as sandy and gravelly

deposits that are commonly stratified. This material is

adjacent to the major streams throughout the county

and on pitted outwash and outwash plains in the

eastern part of the county. Chetek, Minocqua,

Oesterle, Rosholt, and Scott Lake soils formed in silty

or loamy deposits and in the underlying sand and

gravel. Meehan and Newson soils formed in sandy

outwash. Mahtomedi soils formed in sandy and

gravelly outwash.

Glaciolacustrine deposits are in glacial lake basins

or on plains. They were exposed when water levels

dropped or the elevation of the land rose. Alban and

Plover soils formed in stratified, loamy lacustrine

deposits. Graycalm soils formed mostly in sandy

deposits.

Organic material consists mainly of sedges, reeds,

grasses, and woody fragments in varying stages of

decomposition. Greenwood and Seelyeville soils

formed in more than 51 inches of organic material.

Cathro soils formed in organic material 16 to 51 inches

deep over silty and loamy deposits.

Alluvial deposits are of recent origin. They were

deposited on stream bottoms by floodwater. The soils

that formed in alluvium generally do not have distinct

horizons. They generally vary in texture. Dunnville,

Fordum, and Sturgeon soils formed in alluvial

deposits.

Climate

Precipitation and temperature affect soil formation.

They have a direct effect on the weathering of rock

and the alteration of the parent material. The

weathering and alteration occur through the

mechanical action of freezing and thawing and the

chemical action generated by the leaching of water.

Differences in climate within the county are too

small to have had any great effect on the differences

among the soils. Marathon County has a humidtemperate continental climate that favors the growth of

trees.

Plant and Animal Life

Plant and animal life, which includes trees, shrubs,

grasses, fungi, bacteria, earthworms, rodents, and

humans, affect soil formation. These living organisms

supply organic matter, mix the soil horizons, bring

nutrients up from the lower horizons, and improve the

movement of air and water through the soil.

The influence of vegetation on the characteristics of

soils is shown by the differences in color between soils

that formed under trees and those that formed under

grass. Most of the soils in Marathon County formed

under trees. These soils have a lighter colored or a

thinner surface layer and are generally more acid than

the soils that formed under grass.

Human activities have influenced the soils by

disturbing and altering the natural soil-forming

processes. These activities may be beneficial or

destructive. In some areas removal of the plant cover

has accelerated erosion, and in others bare soils have

been stabilized by a plant cover. Cultivation has mixed

the upper soil horizons, and applications of fertilizer

and lime have altered the fertility and reaction of the

soils. Cropping practices have resulted in gains or

losses in organic matter. The natural drainage of the

soils has been changed by the installation of various

types of drains and the construction of building

structures. These activities in turn have changed the

kinds of vegetation.

Relief

Relief affects a number of soil properties. These

properties include the thickness of the solum, the

thickness and organic matter content of the surface

layer, drainage, color, horizon differentiation, reaction,

temperature, and nature of the original material. The

present-day relief of Marathon County is determined

both by glacial deposits and by the underlying

bedrock.

The surface layer of sloping and steeper soils tends

to be thinner and lighter colored than that of the less

sloping soils. Normally, such soils are well drained,

exhibit mottle-free colors, have fewer horizons than the

less sloping soils and are less well developed, vary in
142

reaction, and have soil temperatures that vary with the

slope aspect. Some of these features are related to

the smaller amount of water that moves through the

profile because of increased runoff.

Where runoff accumulates in depressions and

nearly level areas, the soils become saturated at

various depths for various lengths of time. For

example, the Rosholt soils are well drained and are

free of the mottles caused by saturation to a depth of

at least 5 feet. In the gently sloping and nearly level

Scott Lake soils, reddish mottles are at a depth of 3 to

5 feet because of saturation for short periods. The

nearly level Oesterle soils are saturated at a depth of

1 to 3 feet and have gray mottles because of longer

periods of saturation. The Minocqua soils, which are in

the lowest areas on the landscape, are dominantly

gray because they have been saturated at or near the

surface for long periods. Generally, these saturated

soils develop a thicker and darker surface layer than

do unsaturated soils. The excess water stimulates

plant growth and results in a subsequent accumulation

of organic matter that exceeds the rate of

decomposition.

The thickness of the solum and the differentiation of

horizons also are related to relief. The sloping to steep

Fenwood soils commonly have a thinner solum and

exhibit less subsoil development than do the gently

sloping Fenwood soils.

Time

Time modifies the effects of the other soil-forming

factors. The longer the factors have interacted, the

more highly developed or mature the soil is.

Probably the youngest soils in Marathon County are

the Fordum soils. These soils are in depressions, in

overflow channels, and on flood plains along rivers.

They may exhibit some layering of materials but little, if

any, subsoil development. This condition exists

because these materials have been in place only for a

short time, are often reworked by the streams or

rivers, and periodically receive deposits of new

material.

Probably the oldest soils in the county are the

Meadland soils. These soils are on ground moraines,

mainly in the south-central part of the county. They

formed in loamy deposits over loamy glacial till that is

at least 40,000 years old. These soils exhibit distinct

profile development.
143

(1) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 1986.

Standard specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 14th edition.

(2) American Society for Testing and Materials. 1993. Standard test method for

classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

(3) Bell, E.A., and M.G. Sherrill. 1974. Water availability in central Wisconsin—an

area of near-surface crystalline rock. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper

2022.

(4) Carlson, Harland, and Lloyd M. Andrews. 1977. Surface water resources of

Marathon County. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

(5) Devaul, R.W., and J.H. Green. 1971. Water resources of Wisconsin—central

Wisconsin River basin. U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey

Hydrology Investigations Atlas HA-367.

(6) Geib, W.J., and others. 1917. Reconnaissance soil survey of south part of north

central Wisconsin. Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey.

(7) Hahn, Jerold T. 1985. Timber resource of Wisconsin’s central survey unit, 1983.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Resources Bulletin NC-84.

(8) Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

(9) Klingelhoets, A.J., and M.I. Beatty. 1966. What yields from Wisconsin soils.

University of Wisconsin Extension Service, Special Circular 65.

(10) Klueter, Howard R., and James J. Lorence. 1977. Woodlot and ballot box,

Marathon County in the twentieth century.

(11) LaBerge, Gene L., and Paul E. Myers. 1983. Precambrian geology of Marathon

County, Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Extension, Geological and Natural

History Survey Information Circular 45.

(12) Mickelson, D.M., and others. 1984. Pleistocene stratigraphic units of Wisconsin.

University of Wisconsin Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey

Miscellaneous Paper 84-1.

(13) United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

(14) United States Department of Agriculture. 1993. Soil survey manual. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

References
144

(15) United States Department of Agriculture. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of

soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd Edition. Natural

Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook

436.

(16) Whitson, A.R., T.J. Dunnewald, and Carl Thompson. 1921. Soil survey of

northern Wisconsin. Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey.

(17) Wisconsin Agriculture Reporting Service. 1983. 1983 Wisconsin agricultural

statistics.
145

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Association, soil. A group of soils geographically

associated in a characteristic repeating pattern

and defined and delineated as a single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Chisel planting. Seedbed preparation by chiseling

without inversion of the soil, leaving a protective

cover of crop residue on the surface for erosion

control.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Clayey soil material. Clay, silty clay, or sandy clay.

Coarse fragments. If round, mineral or rock particles

2 millimeters to 25 centimeters (10 inches) in

diameter; if flat, mineral or rock particles 15 to 38

centimeters (6 to 15 inches) long.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobblestone (or cobble). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.5 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or constructing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control measures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

in such an intricate pattern or so small in area that

it is not practical to map them separately at the

selected scale of mapping. The pattern and

proportion of the soils are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. The feel of the soil and the ease

with which a lump can be crushed by the fingers.

Terms commonly used to describe consistence

are:

Loose.—Noncoherent when dry or moist; does not

hold together in a mass.

Friable.—When moist, crushes easily under gentle

pressure between thumb and forefinger and can

be pressed together into a lump.

Firm.—When moist, crushes under moderate

pressure between thumb and forefinger, but

resistance is distinctly noticeable.

Plastic.—When wet, readily deformed by

moderate pressure but can be pressed into a

lump; will form a “wire” when rolled between thumb

and forefinger.

Glossary
146 Soil Survey of

Sticky.—When wet, adheres to other material and

tends to stretch somewhat and pull apart rather

than to pull free from other material.

Hard.—When dry, moderately resistant to

pressure; can be broken with difficulty between

thumb and forefinger.

Soft.—When dry, breaks into powder or individual

grains under very slight pressure.

Cemented.—Hard; little affected by moistening.

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Corrosive. High risk of corrosion to uncoated steel or

deterioration of concrete.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Deep to water (in tables). Deep to the permanent

water table during the dry part of the year.

Typically, the depth to the water table is more than

5 feet.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Depth, soil. The thickness of the soil over bedrock. In

this survey the depth classes are deep, more than

40 inches; moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; and

shallow, 10 to 20 inches.

Depth to rock (in tables). Bedrock is too near the

surface for the specified use.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of periods of saturation or partial

saturation during soil formation, as opposed to

altered drainage, which is commonly the result of

artificial drainage or irrigation but may be caused

by the sudden deepening of channels or the

blocking of drainage outlets. Seven classes of

natural soil drainage are recognized:

Excessively drained.—Water is removed from the

soil very rapidly. Excessively drained soils are

commonly very coarse textured, rocky, or shallow.

Some are steep. All are free of the mottling related

to wetness.

Somewhat excessively drained.—Water is

removed from the soil rapidly. Many somewhat

excessively drained soils are sandy and rapidly

pervious. Some are shallow. Some are so steep

that much of the water they receive is lost as

runoff. All are free of the mottling related to

wetness.

Well drained.—Water is removed from the soil

readily, but not rapidly. It is available to plants

throughout most of the growing season, and

wetness does not inhibit growth of roots for

significant periods during most growing seasons.

Well drained soils are commonly medium textured.

They are mainly free of mottling.

Moderately well drained.—Water is removed from

the soil somewhat slowly during some periods.

Moderately well drained soils are wet for only a

short time during the growing season, but

periodically they are wet long enough that most

mesophytic crops are affected. They commonly

have a slowly pervious layer within or directly

below the solum, or periodically receive high

rainfall, or both.

Somewhat poorly drained.—Water is removed

slowly enough that the soil is wet for significant

periods during the growing season. Wetness

markedly restricts the growth of mesophytic crops

unless artificial drainage is provided. Somewhat

poorly drained soils commonly have a slowly

pervious layer, a high water table, additional water

from seepage, nearly continuous rainfall, or a

combination of these.

Poorly drained.—Water is removed so slowly that

the soil is saturated periodically during the growing

season or remains wet for long periods. Free

water is commonly at or near the surface for long

enough during the growing season that most

mesophytic crops cannot be grown unless the soil

is artificially drained. The soil is not continuously

saturated in layers directly below plow depth. Poor

drainage results from a high water table, a slowly

pervious layer within the profile, seepage, nearly

continuous rainfall, or a combination of these.

Very poorly drained.—Water is removed from the

soil so slowly that free water remains at or on the

surface during most of the growing season.

Unless the soil is artificially drained, most

mesophytic crops cannot be grown. Very poorly

drained soils are commonly level or depressed

and are frequently ponded. Yet, where rainfall is

high and nearly continuous, they can have

moderate or high slope gradients.

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 147

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or

ridge of compact glacial till. The longer axis is

parallel to the path of the glacier and commonly

has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from

which the ice approached.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of the

activities of man or other animals or of a

catastrophe in nature, for example, fire, that

exposes the surface.

Esker (geology). A narrow, winding ridge of stratified

gravelly and sandy drift deposited by a stream

flowing in a tunnel beneath a glacier.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil is not a source of gravel or sand for

construction purposes.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of soil

moisture. Frost action can damage roads,

buildings and other structures, and plant roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Glacial drift (geology). Pulverized and other rock

material transported by glacial ice and then

deposited. Also, the sorted and unsorted material

deposited by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glacial outwash (geology). Gravel, sand, and silt,

commonly stratified, deposited by glacial

meltwater.

Glacial till (geology). Unsorted, nonstratified glacial

drift consisting of clay, silt, sand, and boulders

transported and deposited by glacial ice.

Glaciofluvial deposits (geology). Material moved by

glaciers and subsequently sorted and deposited

by streams flowing from the melting ice. The

deposits are stratified and occur as kames,

eskers, deltas, and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors and

mottles.

Granite. An equigranular, light colored igneous rock

that has quartz as a dominant mineral and

includes feldspar and mica.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock up to 3

inches (2 millimeters to 7.6 centimeters) in

diameter. An individual piece is a pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that is 15 to 50

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, up to 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water (geology). Water filling all the

unblocked pores of underlying material below the

water table.

Grus. An accumulation of angular, coarse grained

fragments resulting from the granular

disintegration of crystalline rocks. Commonly

known as rotten granite.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric and the more

decomposed sapric material.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface that has a

slope of 10 percent or more.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics
148 Soil Survey of

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. The major

horizons are as follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, any plowed or disturbed surface layer.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an O, A, or

E horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying horizon to the

underlying C horizon. The B horizon also has

distinctive characteristics, such as (1)

accumulation of clay, sesquioxides, humus, or a

combination of these; (2) granular, prismatic, or

blocky structure; (3) redder or browner colors than

those in the A horizon; or (4) a combination of

these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying horizon. The

material of a C horizon may be either like or unlike

that in which the solum formed. If the material is

known to differ from that in the solum, an Arabic

numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the letter C.

Cd horizon.—Dense, unconsolidated deposits or

material that has high bulk density; for example,

basal till.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Hard, consolidated bedrock beneath the

soil. The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon

but can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff-producing characteristics.

The chief consideration is the inherent capacity of

soil bare of vegetation to permit infiltration. The

slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff. Soils are assigned to four groups. In group

A are soils having a high infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet and having a low runoff potential.

They are mainly deep, well drained, and sandy or

gravelly. In group D, at the other extreme, are soils

having a very slow infiltration rate and thus a high

runoff potential. They have a claypan or clay layer

at or near the surface, have a permanent high

water table, or are shallow over nearly impervious

bedrock or other material. A soil is assigned to two

hydrologic groups if part of the acreage is

artificially drained and part is undrained.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by the solidification of

molten material that originated deep within the

earth.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Kame (geology). An irregular, short ridge or hill of

stratified glacial drift.

Knoll. A natural elevation of the land surface that has

a slope of less than 10 percent.

Lacustrine deposit (geology). Material deposited in

lake water and exposed when the water level is

lowered or the elevation of the land is raised.

Lamellae. Thin, horizontal bands or layers of

accumulated clayey material, generally less than 2

centimeters thick.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loamy soil material. Clay loam, sandy clay loam,

loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or

sandy loam.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,
Marathon County, Wisconsin 149

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, and fine sandy loam.

Monadnock. A prominent hill or isolated mountain that

rises conspicuously above the surrounding area.

Moraine (geology). An accumulation of earth, stones,

and other debris deposited by a glacier. Some

types are terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Mottling generally

indicates poor aeration and impeded drainage.

Descriptive terms are as follows: abundance—few,

common, and many; size—fine, medium, and

coarse; and contrast—faint, distinct, and

prominent. The size measurements are of the

diameter along the greatest dimension. Fine

indicates less than 5 millimeters (about 0.2 inch);

medium, from 5 to 15 millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6

inch); and coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about

0.6 inch).

Muck. Dark colored, finely divided, well decomposed

organic soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a

color of 10YR hue, value of 6, and chroma of 4.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter is expressed as:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Organic soil. A soil in which the content of organic

carbon is 12 to 18 percent or more, depending on

the content of mineral material. The organic layer

is more than 16 inches thick.

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it is generally low in relief.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Pebble. See Gravel.

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil, adversely affecting the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

to move downward through the profile.

Permeability is measured as the number of inches

per hour that water moves downward through the

saturated soil. Terms describing permeability are:

Very slow ..................................... less than 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management. For

example, slope, stoniness, and thickness.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Pitted outwash. An outwash area characterized by

many irregular depressions, such as kettles,

shallow pits, and potholes.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between the

liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of moisture

content within which the soil remains plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.
150 Soil Survey of

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid permeability,

the soil may not adequately filter effluent from a

waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons.

Quartzite. A compact, granular rock composed of

quartz that is metamorphosed sandstone.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Extremely acid ........................................... below 4.5

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Medium acid ............................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Mildly alkaline............................................. 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Ridge. A linear knoll or hill.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill is generally a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Rippable. Bedrock or hardpan can be excavated

using a single-tooth ripping attachment mounted

on a tractor with a 200-300 draw bar horsepower

rating.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil

is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Rotten granite. Common term used to describe

gravelly material (grus) that is excavated from pits

and used as roadbase or fill.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-size particles.

Sandy soil material. Loamy very fine sand, loamy

fine sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, very

fine sand, fine sand, sand, or coarse sand.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer or of the substratum. All the soils

of a series have horizons that are similar in

composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shrink-swell. The shrinking of soil when dry and the

swelling when wet. Shrinking and swelling can

damage roads, dams, building foundations, and

other structures. It can also damage plant roots.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Silty soil material. Silt, silt loam, or silty clay loam.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or
Marathon County, Wisconsin 151

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75 feet.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In

this survey the following slope classes (by

percentage) are recognized:

Nearly level ...................................................... 0 to 2

Gently sloping or undulating ............................ 2 to 6

Sloping or rolling ............................................ 6 to 12

Moderately steep or hilly .............................. 12 to 20

Steep or very hilly ........................................ 20 to 30

Very steep ............................................ More than 30

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the underlying material. The living roots and plant

and animal activities are largely confined to the

solum.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands which provide

vegetative barriers to soil blowing and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Subsides (in tables). The settlement of organic soils

or soils containing semifluid layers.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from about 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons. It

includes all subdivisions of these horizons.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small to

be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic
152

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

too thin for the specified use.

Tiers. Layers in the control section of organic soils.

The organic material is divided into three tiers. The

surface tier is the upper 12 inches; the subsurface

tier is the next 24 inches; and the bottom tier is the

lower 16 inches.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Upland (geology). Land at a higher elevation, in

general, than the alluvial plain or stream terrace;

land above the lowlands along streams.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.
153

Tables
154 Soil Survey of

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

 (Recorded in the period 1951-81 at Wausau, Wisconsin)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | Average | | will have-- | Average | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | |number of|Average| | |number of|Average

 | daily | daily | daily | Maximum | Minimum | growing | | Less | More |days with|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| degree | |than--|than--|0.10 inch|

 | | | | higher | lower | days* | | | | or more |

 | | | | than-- | than-- | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | o _ _ _ _ _ _____ __ __ | __ | | __ F | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

January-----| 20.6 | 1.9 | 11.3 | 44 | -28 | 0 | 0.90 | 0.30| 1.39| 3 | 10.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

February----| 26.5 | 5.6 | 16.1 | 48 | -24 | 0 | 1.01 | .27| 1.60| 3 | 9.7

 | | | | | | | | | | |

March-------| 36.9 | 17.6 | 27.3 | 64 | -15 | 0 | 1.85 | .68| 2.82| 5 | 10.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

April-------| 53.5 | 32.9 | 43.2 | 83 | 13 | 21 | 2.92 | 1.70| 4.00| 7 | 2.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

May---------| 66.9 | 43.8 | 55.4 | 89 | 26 | 218 | 3.73 | 2.33| 4.99| 8 | .2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

June--------| 75.8 | 53.4 | 64.6 | 92 | 36 | 438 | 3.95 | 2.15| 5.53| 8 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

July--------| 80.3 | 58.4 | 69.4 | 94 | 45 | 601 | 3.95 | 2.38| 5.34| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

August------| 77.8 | 56.4 | 67.1 | 93 | 40 | 530 | 4.14 | 2.49| 5.61| 8 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

September---| 68.0 | 47.3 | 57.7 | 89 | 29 | 236 | 3.87 | 1.69| 5.72| 8 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

October-----| 56.9 | 37.4 | 47.2 | 81 | 19 | 81 | 2.29 | .79| 3.51| 5 | .2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

November----| 39.8 | 24.5 | 32.2 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 1.75 | .58| 2.71| 4 | 5.1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

December----| 26.3 | 10.3 | 18.3 | 48 | -20 | 0 | 1.25 | .57| 1.82| 5 | 11.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 52.4 | 32.5 | 42.5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme---| --- | --- | --- | 95 | -29 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2,125 | 31.61 | 27.03| 36.01| 71 | 50.5

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F).
Marathon County, Wisconsin 155

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

 (Recorded in the period 1951-81 at Wausau, Wisconsin)

 _____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower _____________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

 Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 30 | May 12 | May 23

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 26 | May 7 | May 18

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 18 | Apr. 28 | May 9

 | | |

 First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 11 | Sept. 26 | Sept. 15

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 16 | Oct. 1 | Sept. 19

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 25 | Oct. 12 | Sept. 27

 | | | _____________________________________________________________

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1951-81 at Wausau,

 Wisconsin)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 o __________________________________________________ F

 | Days | Days | Days ____ ____ ____

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 168 | 144 | 119

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 175 | 151 | 126

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 190 | 166 | 141

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 205 | 180 | 156

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 213 | 188 | 163

 | | | __________________________________________________
156 Soil Survey of

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

 symbol| | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

 AbB |Alban loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------------| 1,583 | 0.2

 Ad |Altdorf mucky silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 470 | *

 AmC |Amery silt loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 809 | 0.1

 CbA |Cable silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, stony--------------------------------------| 15,065 | 1.5

 Ch |Cathro muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------------------------------------------------| 25,574 | 2.5

 CkA |Chetek sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 2,279 | 0.2

 CkB |Chetek sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 7,219 | 0.7

 CkC |Chetek sandy loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 4,725 | 0.5

 CkE |Chetek sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 3,004 | 0.3

 Da |Dancy sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 11,889 | 1.2

 DoA |Dolph silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes---------------------------------------------| 912 | 0.1

 DuB |Dunnville fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 2,981 | 0.3

 FeC |Fenwood silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 19,193 | 1.9

 FeD |Fenwood silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 2,413 | 0.2

 FfC |Fenwood silt loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes, stony-----------------------------------| 8,820 | 0.9

 FfE |Fenwood silt loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony----------------------------------| 2,749 | 0.3

 FgB |Fenwood-Rozellville silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------| 81,745 | 8.1

 Fh |Fordum silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 21,078 | 2.1

 FnB |Freeon silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 32,777 | 3.2

 FnC |Freeon silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 3,941 | 0.4

 GcB |Graycalm loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 2,206 | 0.2

 Gm |Graycalm loamy sand, moderately well drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------| 1,914 | 0.2

 Gr |Greenwood peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes----------------------------------------------| 5,647 | 0.6

 GuB |Guenther loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 3,722 | 0.4

 HtB |Hatley silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 1,199 | 0.1

 HyB |Hatley cobbly silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, bouldery---------------------------| 9,507 | 0.9

 KaB |Kennan sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 5,510 | 0.5

 KaC |Kennan sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 6,392 | 0.6

 KaD2 |Kennan sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, eroded---------------------------------| 1,288 | 0.1

 KeB |Kennan sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, bouldery---------------------------------| 10,710 | 1.1

 KeC |Kennan sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery--------------------------------| 23,247 | 2.3

 KeE |Kennan sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, bouldery-------------------------------| 8,428 | 0.8

 LDF |Landfill---------------------------------------------------------------------------| 127 | *

 LoB |Loyal silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------------| 84,451 | 8.4

 LoC |Loyal silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 1,132 | 0.1

 MaB |Magnor silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 36,667 | 3.6

 MbB |Mahtomedi loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 23,789 | 2.4

 MbC |Mahtomedi loamy sand, 6 to 15 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 2,064 | 0.2

 MbE |Mahtomedi loamy sand, 15 to 45 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 2,258 | 0.2

 McA |Mahtomedi loamy sand, moderately well drained, 0 to 3 percent slopes---------------| 10,259 | 1.0

 MdB |Marathon silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 15,003 | 1.5

 MdC |Marathon silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 2,269 | 0.2

 MeC |Marathon silt loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes, stony----------------------------------| 4,556 | 0.5

 MfA |Marshfield silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 40,440 | 4.0

 MgA |Meadland loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes-----------------------------------------------| 24,241 | 2.4

 MhA |Meadland loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, stony----------------------------------------| 26,174 | 2.6

 Mm |Meehan loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 5,426 | 0.5

 Mn |Minocqua sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 6,652 | 0.7

 MoB |Moberg gravelly silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 2,654 | 0.3

 MoC |Moberg gravelly silt loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes----------------------------------| 3,802 | 0.4

 MsB |Mosinee sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 19,030 | 1.9

 MsC |Mosinee sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 3,065 | 0.3

 MsD |Mosinee sandy loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 829 | 0.1

 MtC |Mosinee sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes, stony----------------------------------| 11,832 | 1.2

 MyB |Mylrea silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 11,220 | 1.1

 MzB |Mylrea silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, stony-------------------------------------| 9,901 | 1.0

 Ne |Newson mucky loamy sand, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 4,674 | 0.5

 Oe |Oesterle loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------------------| 11,057 | 1.1

 Pg |Pits, gravel-----------------------------------------------------------------------| 3,404 | 0.3

 Ph |Pits, quarries---------------------------------------------------------------------| 249 | *

 Po |Plover sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 2,309 | 0.2

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 157

 Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

 symbol| | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

 RbC |Ribhill cobbly silt loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes, stony----------------------------| 846 | 0.1

 RbE |Ribhill cobbly silt loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony---------------------------| 664 | 0.1

 RcB |Rietbrock silt loam, 1 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 50,418 | 5.0

 ReB |Rietbrock silt loam, 1 to 8 percent slopes, stony----------------------------------| 24,467 | 2.4

 RhA |Rockers loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 5,611 | 0.6

 RoA |Rosholt sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 2,480 | 0.2

 RoB |Rosholt sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 6,751 | 0.7

 RsA |Rosholt silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 1,492 | 0.1

 RsB |Rosholt silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 3,279 | 0.3

 ScA |Scott Lake sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 6,281 | 0.6

 SdA |Scott Lake silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 2,909 | 0.3

 Se |Seelyeville muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 17,475 | 1.7

 ShA |Sherry silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 41,532 | 4.1

 St |Sturgeon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 6,496 | 0.6

 UoB |Udorthents, loamy, gently sloping--------------------------------------------------| 1,862 | 0.2

 UoE |Udorthents, loamy, steep (earthen dam)---------------------------------------------| 26 | *

 WtA, | | |

 WtB |Withee silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 114,065 | 11.3

 | Water-------------------------------------------------------------------------| 23,584 | 2.3

 | |-----------|-------

 | Total--------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,008,768 | 100.0

 | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.05 percent.
158 Soil Survey of

Table 5.--Prime Farmland

 (Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are not

 considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the conditions

 are specified in parentheses after the soil name)

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

 symbol | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

 AbB |Alban loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes

 DoA |Dolph silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes (where drained)

 DuB |Dunnville fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes

 FgB |Fenwood-Rozellville silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes

 FnB |Freeon silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

 HtB |Hatley silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes

 KaB |Kennan sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

 LoB |Loyal silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes

 MaB |Magnor silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes

 MdB |Marathon silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

 MfA |Marshfield silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes (where drained)

 MgA |Meadland loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes (where drained)

 MhA |Meadland loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, stony (where drained)

 MyB |Mylrea silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes

 Oe |Oesterle loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

 Po |Plover sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

 RcB |Rietbrock silt loam, 1 to 8 percent slopes

 RhA |Rockers loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes (where drained)

 RoA |Rosholt sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

 RoB |Rosholt sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

 RsA |Rosholt silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

 RsB |Rosholt silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

 ScA |Scott Lake sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

 SdA |Scott Lake silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

 ShA |Sherry silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes (where drained)

 St |Sturgeon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

 WtA, WtB|Withee silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marathon County, Wisconsin 159

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. Absence of a yield

 indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the

 soil)

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Land | | Corn | |Bromegrass-| Timothy- |

 map symbol |capability| Corn | silage | Oats |alfalfa hay|red clover | Soybeans

 | | | | | | hay | ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

AbB-------------| IIe | 90 | 15 | 70 | 3.7 | --- | 30

 Alban | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Ad--------------| VIw | 75 | 12 | --- | --- | 3.5 | 25

 Altdorf | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

AmC-------------| IIIe | 80 | 13 | 60 | 3.8 | --- | 26

 Amery | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

CbA-------------| VIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Cable | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Ch--------------| VIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Cathro | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

CkA-------------| IIIs | 70 | 11 | 60 | 3.2 | --- | 23

 Chetek | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

CkB-------------| IIIe | 70 | 11 | 60 | 3.2 | --- | 23

 Chetek | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

CkC-------------| IVe | 65 | 10 | 55 | 3.0 | --- | 21

 Chetek | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

CkE-------------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | 2.6 | --- | ---

 Chetek | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Da--------------| VIw | 60 | 10 | --- | --- | 2.5 | ---

 Dancy | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

DoA-------------| IIw | 85 | 14 | 70 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 28

 Dolph | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

DuB-------------| IIIe | 75 | 12 | 55 | 3.8 | --- | 25

 Dunnville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

FeC-------------| IIIe | 95 | 15 | 70 | 4.0 | --- | 31

 Fenwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

FeD-------------| IVe | 85 | 14 | 60 | 3.6 | --- | 28

 Fenwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

FfC-------------| IVe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Fenwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

FfE-------------| VIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Fenwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

FgB-------------| IIe | 100 | 16 | 75 | 4.2 | --- | 33

 Fenwood- | | | | | | |

 Rozellville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Fh--------------| VIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Fordum | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

FnB-------------| IIe | 90 | 15 | 75 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 30

 Freeon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |
160 Soil Survey of

 Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Land | | Corn | |Bromegrass-| Timothy- |

 map symbol |capability| Corn | silage | Oats |alfalfa hay|red clover | Soybeans

 | | | | | | hay | ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

FnC-------------| IIIe | 85 | 14 | 70 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 28

 Freeon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

GcB-------------| IVs | 50 | 8 | 50 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 16

 Graycalm | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Gm--------------| IVs | 55 | 9 | 55 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 18

 Graycalm | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Gr--------------| VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Greenwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

GuB-------------| IIIe | 60 | 10 | 50 | 3.0 | 2.5 | ---

 Guenther | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

HtB-------------| IIe | 80 | 13 | 65 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 26

 Hatley | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

HyB-------------| IIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Hatley | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

KaB-------------| IIe | 85 | 14 | 70 | 4.2 | --- | 28

 Kennan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

KaC-------------| IIIe | 80 | 13 | 65 | 4.0 | --- | 26

 Kennan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

KaD2------------| VIe | 65 | 11 | 50 | 3.4 | --- | ---

 Kennan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

KeB-------------| IIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Kennan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

KeC-------------| IVe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Kennan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

KeE-------------| VIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Kennan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

LDF. | | | | | | |

 Landfill | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

LoB-------------| IIe | 95 | 15 | 75 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 31

 Loyal | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

LoC-------------| IIIe | 90 | 15 | 70 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 30

 Loyal | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MaB-------------| IIe | 85 | 14 | 70 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 28

 Magnor | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MbB-------------| IVs | 40 | 7 | 40 | 2.5 | --- | 13

 Mahtomedi | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MbC-------------| VIs | 35 | 6 | 35 | 2.3 | --- | 12

 Mahtomedi | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MbE-------------| VIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Mahtomedi | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

McA-------------| IVs | 45 | 8 | 24 | 2.8 | --- | 15

 Mahtomedi | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 161

 Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Land | | Corn | |Bromegrass-| Timothy- |

 map symbol |capability| Corn | silage | Oats |alfalfa hay|red clover | Soybeans

 | | | | | | hay | ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

MdB-------------| IIe | 85 | 14 | 75 | 4.0 | --- | 28

 Marathon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MdC-------------| IIIe | 80 | 13 | 70 | 3.8 | --- | 26

 Marathon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MeC-------------| IVe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Marathon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MfA-------------| IIIw* | 80 | 13 | 60 | --- | 3.0 | 26

 Marathon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MgA-------------| IIw | 80 | 13 | 65 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 26

 Meadland | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MhA-------------| IIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Meadland | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Mm--------------| IVw | 55 | 9 | 50 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 18

 Meehan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Mn--------------| VIw | 70 | 12 | --- | --- | 3.0 | ---

 Minocqua | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MoB-------------| IIIe | 55 | 9 | 50 | 2.5 | --- | 18

 Moberg | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MoC-------------| IVe | 50 | 8 | 45 | 2.3 | --- | 16

 Moberg | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MsB-------------| IIIe | 65 | 10 | 60 | 3.5 | --- | 21

 Mosinee | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MsC-------------| IVe | 60 | 10 | 55 | 3.3 | --- | 20

 Mosinee | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MsD-------------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Mosinee | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MtC-------------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Mosinee | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MyB-------------| IIe | 80 | 13 | 70 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 26

 Mylrea | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

MzB-------------| IIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Mylrea | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Ne--------------| VIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Newson | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Oe--------------| IIw | 80 | 13 | 70 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 25

 Oesterle | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Pg, Ph. | | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Po--------------| IIw | 80 | 13 | 65 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 26

 Plover | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
162 Soil Survey of

 Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Land | | Corn | |Bromegrass-| Timothy- |

 map symbol |capability| Corn | silage | Oats |alfalfa hay|red clover | Soybeans

 | | | | | | hay | ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | Tons | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

RbC-------------| VIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Ribhill | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

RbE-------------| VIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Ribhill | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

RcB-------------| IIe | 85 | 14 | 70 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 28

 Rietbrock | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

ReB-------------| IIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Rietbrock | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

RhA-------------| IIIw | 60 | 10 | 55 | 3.0 | 2.5 | ---

 Rockers | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

RoA-------------| IIs | 70 | 12 | 55 | 3.4 | --- | 23

 Rosholt | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

RoB-------------| IIe | 70 | 12 | 55 | 3.4 | --- | 23

 Rosholt | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

RsA-------------| IIs | 80 | 13 | 70 | 3.7 | --- | 26

 Rosholt | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

RsB-------------| IIe | 80 | 13 | 70 | 3.7 | --- | 26

 Rosholt | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

ScA-------------| IIs | 80 | 13 | 65 | 4.0 | --- | 27

 Scott Lake | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

SdA-------------| IIs | 85 | 14 | 70 | 4.0 | --- | 28

 Scott Lake | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Se--------------| VIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Seelyeville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

ShA-------------| IIIw* | 80 | 13 | 60 | --- | 3.0 | 26

 Sherry | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

St--------------| IIIw | 70 | 11 | 65 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 23

 Sturgeon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

UoB, UoE. | | | | | | |

 Udorthents | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

WtA, WtB--------| IIw | 90 | 15 | 70 | --- | 4.0 | 30

 Withee | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * The land capability classification is VIw in undrained areas.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 163

Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity

 (Only the soils suitable for the production of commercial trees are listed. Absence of an entry indicates

 that information was not available)

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | ______________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |

 map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to

 |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw | |index| | plant

 | | | tion | ity | hazard | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 AdB-------------| 3L |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 60 | 38 |Red pine,

 Alban | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | | | | | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 Ad--------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Red maple-----------| 70 | 43 |White spruce,

 Altdorf | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 66 | red maple,

 | | | | | |American elm--------| --- | --- | white ash.

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 AmC-------------| 4L |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Northern red oak----| 64 | 57 |Red pine,

 Amery | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | spruce, jack

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine.

 | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 CbA-------------| 2X |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Red maple-----------| 56 | 36 |White spruce,

 Cable | | | | | |Balsam fir----------| --- | --- | red maple,

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | balsam fir,

 | | | | | |Black ash-----------| 48 | 30 | black spruce.

 | | | | | |Black spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Ch--------------| 7W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Balsam fir----------| 53 | 102 | ---

 Cathro | | | | | |Northern white-cedar| 33 | 48 |

 | | | | | |Tamarack------------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 CkA, CkB, CkC---| 6A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Jack pine-----------| 57 | 80 |Red pine, jack

 Chetek | | | | | |Northern pin oak----| 53 | 36 | pine, eastern

 | | | | | |Black oak-----------| --- | --- | white pine.

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 CkE-------------| 6R |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Jack pine-----------| 57 | 80 |Red pine, jack

 Chetek | | | | | |Northern pin oak----| 53 | 36 | pine, eastern

 | | | | | |Black oak-----------| --- | --- | white pine.

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Da--------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Red maple-----------| 60 | 38 |White spruce,

 Dancy | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern

 | | | | | |Balsam fir----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- | white ash, red

 | | | | | | | | | maple.

 | | | | | | | | |

 DoA-------------| 2C |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Red maple-----------| 55 | 35 |White spruce,

 Dolph | | | | | |Northern red oak----| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | pine.

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
164 Soil Survey of

 Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | ______________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |

 map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to

 |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw | |index| | plant

 | | | tion | ity | hazard | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 DuB-------------| 3A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Northern red oak----| 55 | 42 |Eastern white

 Dunnville | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | pine, red

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | | | | | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 FeC-------------| 3L |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 67 | 41 |Red pine, white

 Fenwood | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 | spruce,

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 69 | 64 | pine.

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 FeD-------------| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Sugar maple---------| 67 | 41 |Red pine, white

 Fenwood | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 | spruce,

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 69 | 64 | pine.

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 FfC-------------| 3X |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 67 | 41 |Eastern white

 Fenwood | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 | pine, red

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 69 | 64 | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 FfE-------------| 3R |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Sugar maple---------| 67 | 41 |Eastern white

 Fenwood | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 | pine, red

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 69 | 64 | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | | | | | |

 Fenwood--------| 3L |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 67 | 41 |Red pine, white

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 | spruce,

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 69 | 64 | pine.

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Rozellville----| 3L |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 60 | 38 |Red pine,

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | | | | | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 Fh--------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Silver maple--------| 80 | 34 |Silver maple,

 Fordum | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | red maple,

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | white ash.

 | | | | | |Northern white-cedar| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Tamarack------------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Black spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Balsam fir----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 FnB, FnC--------| 3D |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Sugar maple---------| 62 | 39 |Red pine,

 Freeon | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 63 | 56 | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 165

 Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | ______________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |

 map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to

 |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw | |index| | plant

 | | | tion | ity | hazard | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 GcB, Gm---------| 6S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Bigtooth aspen------| 70 | 81 |Red pine,

 Graycalm | | | | | |Northern red oak----| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |Jack pine-----------| 56 | 78 | pine.

 | | | | | |Red pine------------| 64 | 112 |

 | | | | | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |American beech------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 GuB-------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Northern red oak----| 68 | 63 |Red pine,

 Guenther | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 65 | 40 | eastern white

 | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 HtB-------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Red maple-----------| 66 | 41 |Red pine,

 Hatley | | | | | |Balsam fir----------| 57 | 111 | eastern white

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 HyB-------------| 3X |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Red maple-----------| 66 | 41 |Red pine,

 Hatley | | | | | |Balsam fir----------| 57 | 111 | eastern white

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 KaB, KaC--------| 3L |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 68 | 42 |Red pine, white

 Kennan | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 76 | 75 | spruce,

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 72 | 69 | eastern white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| 77 | 76 | pine.

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 KaD2------------| 3R |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Sugar maple---------| 68 | 42 |Red pine, white

 Kennan | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 76 | 75 | spruce,

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 72 | 69 | eastern white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| 77 | 76 | pine.

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 KeB, KeC--------| 3X |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 68 | 42 |Red pine,

 Kennan | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 76 | 75 | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 72 | 69 | pine, white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| 77 | 76 | spruce.

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
166 Soil Survey of

 Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | ______________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |

 map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to

 |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw | |index| | plant

 | | | tion | ity | hazard | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 KeE-------------| 3R |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Sugar maple---------| 68 | 42 |Red pine,

 Kennan | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 76 | 75 | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 72 | 69 | pine, white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| 77 | 76 | spruce.

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 LoB, LoC--------| 3D |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Sugar maple---------| 60 | 38 |White spruce,

 Loyal | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | red pine,

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine.

 | | | | | | | | |

 MaB-------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Sugar maple---------| 61 | 38 |Eastern white

 Magnor | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 67 | 61 | pine, white

 | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 65 | 40 | spruce, red

 | | | | | |American basswood---| 67 | 61 | pine.

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| 68 | 63 |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 MbB, MbC--------| 6S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Red pine------------| 55 | 88 |Red pine, jack

 Mahtomedi | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- | pine, eastern

 | | | | | |Jack pine-----------| 60 | 85 | white pine,

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| 59 | 118 | white spruce.

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| 77 | 90 |

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 48 | 31 |

 | | | | | | | | |

 MbE-------------| 6R |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Red pine------------| 55 | 88 |Red pine, jack

 Mahtomedi | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- | pine, eastern

 | | | | | |Jack pine-----------| 60 | 85 | white pine,

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| 59 | 118 | white spruce.

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| 77 | 90 |

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 48 | 31 |

 | | | | | | | | |

 McA-------------| 6S |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Red pine------------| 55 | 88 |Red pine,

 Mahtomedi | | | | | |Jack pine-----------| 60 | 85 | eastern white

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- | pine, jack

 | | | | | |Northern pin oak----| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | | | | | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 MdB, MdC--------| 3L |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 61 | 38 |Eastern white

 Marathon | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 | pine, red

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | | | | | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 MeC-------------| 3X |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 61 | 38 |Eastern white

 Marathon | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 | pine, red

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | | | | | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 MfA-------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |White ash-----------| 54 | 40 |White spruce,

 Marshfield | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | red maple,

 | | | | | |Balsam fir----------| --- | --- | white ash.

 | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 167

 Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | ______________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |

 map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to

 |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw | |index| | plant

 | | | tion | ity | hazard | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 MgA-------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Northern red oak----| 73 | 70 |White spruce,

 Meadland | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 73 | 45 | pine, red

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | maple, white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | ash.

 | | | | | | | | |

 MhA-------------| 5X |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Northern red oak----| 73 | 70 |White spruce,

 Meadland | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 73 | 45 | pine, red

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | maple, white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | ash.

 | | | | | | | | |

 Mm--------------| 5W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Jack pine-----------| 55 | 77 |Eastern white

 Meehan | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| 62 | 127 | pine, jack

 | | | | | |Northern pin oak----| 60 | 43 | pine, white

 | | | | | |Red pine------------| 50 | 75 | spruce, balsam

 | | | | | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- | fir, red pine,

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | red maple.

 | | | | | |Balsam fir----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Black spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Mn--------------| 7W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Balsam fir----------| 54 | 105 |Red maple,

 Minocqua | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 55 | 35 | white ash,

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | white spruce,

 | | | | | |Black ash-----------| --- | --- | black spruce.

 | | | | | |Tamarack------------| 55 | 50 |

 | | | | | |Northern white-cedar| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 MoB, MoC--------| 3F |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Northern red oak----| 54 | 40 |Red pine, jack

 Moberg | | | | | |Jack pine-----------| 55 | 77 | pine, eastern

 | | | | | |Northern pin oak----| --- | --- | white pine.

 | | | | | |Black oak-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Red pine------------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 MsB, MsC--------| 4F |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 |Red pine,

 Mosinee | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- | pine, jack

 | | | | | | | | | pine, Norway

 | | | | | | | | | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 MsD-------------| 4R |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 |Red pine,

 Mosinee | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- | pine, jack

 | | | | | | | | | pine, Norway

 | | | | | | | | | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 MtC-------------| 4X |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 |Red pine,

 Mosinee | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- | pine, jack

 | | | | | | | | | pine, Norway

 | | | | | | | | | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
168 Soil Survey of

 Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | ______________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |

 map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to

 |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw | |index| | plant

 | | | tion | ity | hazard | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 MyB-------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Sugar maple---------| 63 | 39 |Red pine,

 Mylrea | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 71 | 44 | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 69 | 64 | spruce, black

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 MzB-------------| 3X |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Sugar maple---------| 63 | 39 |Red pine,

 Mylrea | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 71 | 45 | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 69 | 64 | spruce, black

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Ne--------------| 6W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Jack pine-----------| 59 | 84 |Eastern white

 Newson | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| 50 | 43 | pine, white

 | | | | | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Oe--------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Red maple-----------| 66 | 41 |Red maple,

 Oesterle | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 72 | 69 | white ash,

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| 78 | 91 | white spruce.

 | | | | | |Balsam fir----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Po--------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Red maple-----------| 65 | 40 |Eastern white

 Plover | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |American elm--------| --- | --- | spruce, black

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 RbC-------------| 4X |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Northern red oak----| 66 | 60 |Red pine,

 Ribhill | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 60 | 38 | eastern white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 RbE-------------| 4R |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Northern red oak----| 66 | 60 |Red pine,

 Ribhill | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 60 | 38 | eastern white

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | | | | |

 RcB-------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Red maple-----------| 65 | 40 |Eastern white

 Rietbrock | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | spruce, black

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | spruce, red

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 66 | maple.

 | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 55 | 35 |

 | | | | | | | | |

 ReB-------------| 3X |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Red maple-----------| 65 | 40 |Eastern white

 Rietbrock | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | spruce, black

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | spruce, red

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 66 | maple.

 | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 55 | 35 |

 | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 169

 Table 7.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | ______________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |

 map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to

 |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw | |index| | plant

 | | | tion | ity | hazard | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 RhA-------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Northern pin oak----| 55 | 38 |Eastern white

 Rockers | | | | | |Jack pine-----------| --- | --- | pine, red

 | | | | | |Red pine------------| --- | --- | pine, jack

 | | | | | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- | pine.

 | | | | | | | | |

 RoA, RoB, RsA, | | | | | | | | |

 RsB------------| 3L |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 65 | 40 |Red pine,

 Rosholt | | | | | |White ash-----------| 77 | 76 | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine.

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 69 | 64 |

 | | | | | | | | |

 ScA, SdA--------| 3L |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Sugar maple---------| 61 | 38 |Eastern white

 Scott Lake | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 65 | 59 | pine, red

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | spruce, black

 | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | spruce.

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Bigtooth aspen------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Se--------------| 8W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Balsam fir----------| 56 | 109 |Black spruce,

 Seelyeville | | | | | |Black spruce--------| 34 | 45 | tamarack,

 | | | | | |Tamarack------------| 56 | 52 | balsam fir,

 | | | | | |Black ash-----------| 55 | 35 | northern

 | | | | | |Northern white-cedar| 30 | 42 | white-cedar.

 | | | | | | | | |

 ShA-------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Red maple-----------| 61 | 38 |White spruce,

 Sherry | | | | | |Black ash-----------| 53 | 34 | black spruce,

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| 66 | 60 | red maple,

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | white ash.

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Black spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 61 | 53 |

 | | | | | | | | |

 St--------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Silver maple--------| 80 | 34 |White spruce,

 Sturgeon | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 65 | 40 | Norway spruce.

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Balsam fir----------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Eastern hemlock-----| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |White spruce--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Northern white-cedar| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |American elm--------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | |

 WtA, WtB--------| 4W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Moderate|Northern red oak----| 69 | 64 |White spruce,

 Withee | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 64 | 40 | eastern white

 | | | | | |American basswood---| --- | --- | pine, white

 | | | | | |Yellow birch--------| --- | --- | spruce, red

 | | | | | |White ash-----------| 69 | 64 | pine, white

 | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | ash, red

 | | | | | | | | | maple.

 | | | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Volume is the yield in cubic feet per acre per year calculated at the age of culmination of mean annual

 increment for fully stocked natural stands.
170 Soil Survey of

Table 8.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings

 (Only the soils suitable for windbreaks and environmental plantings are listed. The symbol < means less than;

 > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that trees generally do not grow to the given height on

 that soil)

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | | | | |

 map symbol | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35

 | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 AbB---------------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce, |Eastern white | ---

 Alban | | cedar, lilac, | Norway spruce, | pine, red maple, |

 | | American | Black Hills | red pine, white |

 | | cranberrybush, | spruce. | ash. |

 | | Amur maple, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 AmC---------------| --- |Lilac, American |White spruce, |Eastern white | ---

 Amery | | cranberrybush, | Norway spruce, | pine, red pine, |

 | | Amur maple, | Black Hills | white ash, red |

 | | northern white- | spruce. | maple. |

 | | cedar, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 CkA, CkB, CkC, | | | | |

 CkE--------------|Manyflower |Eastern redcedar, |Norway spruce-----|Eastern white | ---

 Chetek | cotoneaster. | lilac, Amur | | pine, red pine, |

 | | maple, American | | jack pine. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, gray | | |

 | | dogwood, silky | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 DoA---------------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce------|Red maple, eastern| ---

 Dolph | | cedar, lilac, | | white pine, red |

 | | alternateleaf | | pine, white ash, |

 | | dogwood, American| | green ash. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | silky dogwood, | | |

 | | gray dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 DuB---------------|Manyflower |Siberian peashrub,|Norway spruce-----|Eastern white | ---

 Dunnville | cotoneaster. | eastern redcedar,| | pine, red pine, |

 | | lilac, American | | jack pine. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Amur maple, silky| | |

 | | dogwood, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 FeC, FeD----------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce, |Eastern white | ---

 Fenwood | | cedar, lilac, | Black Hills | pine, red pine, |

 | | Amur maple, | spruce, Norway | red maple, white |

 | | American | spruce. | ash. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | gray dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | |

 Fenwood----------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce, |Eastern white | ---

 | | cedar, lilac, | Black Hills | pine, red pine, |

 | | Amur maple, | spruce, Norway | red maple, white |

 | | American | spruce. | ash. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | gray dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 171

 Table 8.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | | | | |

 map symbol | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35

 | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | |

 Rozellville------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce, |Eastern white | ---

 | | cedar, lilac, | Norway spruce, | pine, red pine, |

 | | American | Black Hills | white ash, red |

 | | cranberrybush, | spruce. | maple. |

 | | Amur maple, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 FnB, FnC----------| --- |Amur maple, lilac,|White spruce, |Eastern white | ---

 Freeon | | American | Norway spruce, | pine, red pine, |

 | | cranberrybush, | Black Hills | white ash, red |

 | | northern white- | spruce. | maple. |

 | | cedar, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 GcB---------------|Vanhoutte spirea, |Siberian peashrub,|Eastern redcedar, |Red pine, jack |Imperial Carolina

 Graycalm | manyflower | lilac, Amur | Siberian | pine, eastern | poplar.

 | cotoneaster. | privet, Amur | crabapple. | white pine. |

 | | maple. | | |

 | | | | |

 Gm----------------|Manyflower |Nannyberry | --- |Eastern white | ---

 Graycalm | cotoneaster. | viburnum, eastern| | pine, jack pine, |

 | | redcedar, lilac, | | Norway spruce. |

 | | Amur maple, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 GuB---------------|Manyflower |Eastern redcedar, |Norway spruce-----|Eastern white | ---

 Guenther | cotoneaster. | lilac, Amur | | pine, red pine, |

 | | maple, American | | jack pine. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 HtB---------------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce------|Eastern white | ---

 Hatley | | cedar, lilac, | | pine, red pine, |

 | | American | | white ash, red |

 | | cranberrybush, | | maple, silver |

 | | silky dogwood, | | maple. |

 | | nannyberry | | |

 | | viburnum, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood.| | |

 | | | | |

 KaB, KaC, KaD2----|Manyflower |Eastern redcedar, |Norway spruce-----|Eastern white | ---

 Kennan | cotoneaster. | Siberian | | pine, red pine, |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | | jack pine. |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Amur maple, silky| | |

 | | dogwood, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |
172 Soil Survey of

 Table 8.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | | | | |

 map symbol | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35

 | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 LoB, LoC----------| --- |American |Black Hills |Eastern white | ---

 Loyal | | cranberrybush, | spruce, Norway | pine, red maple, |

 | | Amur maple, | spruce, white | red pine, white |

 | | lilac, northern | spruce. | ash. |

 | | white-cedar, gray| | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 MaB---------------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce------|Eastern white | ---

 Magnor | | cedar, lilac, | | pine, red pine, |

 | | American | | white ash, red |

 | | cranberrybush, | | maple, silver |

 | | nannyberry | | maple. |

 | | viburnum, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, redosier| | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 MbB, MbC, MbE-----|Manyflower |Gray dogwood, |Norway spruce-----|Jack pine, red | ---

 Mahtomedi | cotoneaster. | silky dogwood, | | pine, eastern |

 | | Siberian | | white pine. |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Amur maple, | | |

 | | lilac, eastern | | |

 | | redcedar. | | |

 | | | | |

 McA---------------|Manyflower |Eastern redcedar, |Norway spruce-----|Eastern white | ---

 Mahtomedi | cotoneaster. | lilac, Amur | | pine, red pine, |

 | | maple, American | | jack pine. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 MdB, MdC----------|Manyflower |Siberian peashrub,|Norway spruce-----|Eastern white | ---

 Marathon | cotoneaster. | lilac, Amur | | pine, red pine, |

 | | maple, American | | jack pine. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | silky dogwood, | | |

 | | gray dogwood, | | |

 | | eastern redcedar.| | |

 | | | | |

 MfA---------------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce, |Silver maple, | ---

 Marshfield | | cedar, American | balsam fir. | white ash, green |

 | | cranberrybush, | | ash, red maple. |

 | | nannyberry | | |

 | | viburnum, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, redosier| | |

 | | dogwood, common | | |

 | | ninebark. | | |

 | | | | |

 MgA---------------| --- |Nannyberry |White spruce------|Eastern white | ---

 Meadland | | viburnum, | | pine, red pine, |

 | | northern white- | | white ash, red |

 | | cedar, lilac, | | maple, silver |

 | | American | | maple. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | silky dogwood, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood.| | |

 | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 173

 Table 8.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | | | | |

 map symbol | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35

 | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Mm----------------| --- |Redosier dogwood, |White spruce------|Red maple, white | ---

 Meehan | | silky dogwood, | | ash, silver |

 | | nannyberry | | maple, red pine, |

 | | viburnum, | | eastern white |

 | | American | | pine. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | lilac, northern | | |

 | | white-cedar. | | |

 | | | | |

 MoB, MoC----------|Manyflower |Eastern redcedar, |Norway spruce-----|Eastern white | ---

 Moberg | cotoneaster. | lilac, Amur | | pine, red pine, |

 | | maple, American | | jack pine. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 MsB, MsC, MsD-----|Manyflower |Eastern redcedar, |Norway spruce-----|Eastern white | ---

 Mosinee | cotoneaster. | lilac, Amur | | pine, red pine, |

 | | maple, American | | jack pine. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 MyB---------------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce------|Eastern white | ---

 Mylrea | | cedar, lilac, | | pine, red pine, |

 | | American | | white ash, red |

 | | cranberrybush, | | maple, silver |

 | | nannyberry | | maple. |

 | | viburnum, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, redosier| | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 Oe----------------| --- |Nannyberry |White spruce------|Red maple, silver | ---

 Oesterle | | viburnum, | | maple, white ash,|

 | | American | | red pine, eastern|

 | | cranberrybush, | | white pine. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | lilac, northern | | |

 | | white-cedar, | | |

 | | silky dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 Po----------------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce------|Eastern white | ---

 Plover | | cedar, nannyberry| | pine, red maple, |

 | | viburnum, silky | | white ash, red |

 | | dogwood, American| | pine, silver |

 | | cranberrybush, | | maple. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

 RcB---------------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce------|Silver maple, | ---

 Rietbrock | | cedar, nannyberry| | eastern white |

 | | viburnum, | | pine, red maple, |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | white ash. |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | lilac, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, gray | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |
174 Soil Survey of

 Table 8.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | | | | |

 map symbol | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35

 | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 RhA---------------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce------|Eastern white | ---

 Rockers | | cedar, lilac, | | pine, red pine, |

 | | American | | red maple, silver|

 | | cranberrybush, | | maple, white ash.|

 | | nannyberry | | |

 | | viburnum, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, redosier| | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 RoA, RoB, RsA, | | | | |

 RsB--------------|Manyflower |Lilac, American |Norway spruce-----|Red pine, jack | ---

 Rosholt | cotoneaster. | cranberrybush, | | pine, eastern |

 | | Amur maple, | | white pine. |

 | | eastern redcedar,| | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, gray | | |

 | | dogwood, silky | | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | |

 ScA, SdA----------|Manyflower |American |Norway spruce-----|Eastern white | ---

 Scott Lake | cotoneaster. | cranberrybush, | | pine, red pine, |

 | | eastern redcedar,| | jack pine. |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | | |

 | | gray dogwood, | | |

 | | Amur maple. | | |

 | | | | |

 Se----------------|Common ninebark---| --- | --- |Golden willow, |Imperial Carolina

 Seelyeville | | | | white willow. | poplar.

 | | | | |

 St----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |White spruce, |Eastern white |Imperial Carolina

 Sturgeon | | nannyberry | northern white- | pine, Norway | poplar.

 | | viburnum, | cedar, Manchurian| spruce, green |

 | | American | crabapple. | ash, red maple. |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | Amur privet. | | |

 | | | | |

 WtA, WtB----------| --- |Northern white- |White spruce, |Eastern white | ---

 Withee | | cedar, lilac, | silver maple. | pine, red pine, |

 | | American | | white ash, red |

 | | cranberrybush, | | |

 | | nannyberry | | |

 | | viburnum, silky | | |

 | | dogwood, redosier| | |

 | | dogwood. | | |

 | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marathon County, Wisconsin 175

Table 9.--Recreational Development

 (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions

 of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated)

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 AbB-------------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Alban | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 Ad--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Altdorf | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 AmC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Amery | slope. | slope. | slope. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 CbA-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Cable | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | large stones,

 | | | | | ponding.

 | | | | |

 Ch--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Cathro | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 CkA-------------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Chetek | | | small stones. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 CkB-------------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Chetek | | | slope, | | large stones,

 | | | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 CkC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Chetek | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 CkE-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Chetek | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Da--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Dancy | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 DoA-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Dolph | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 DuB-------------------|Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Dunnville | flooding. | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 FeC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Fenwood | slope. | slope. | slope. | erodes easily. | large stones,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 FeD-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Fenwood | slope. | slope. | slope. | erodes easily. | slope.

 | | | | |

 FfC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Fenwood | slope, | slope, | large stones, | large stones. | large stones.

 | large stones. | large stones. | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 FfE-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Fenwood | slope. | slope. | large stones, | large stones, | large stones,

 | | | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |
176 Soil Survey of

 Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | |

 Fenwood--------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Rozellville----------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 | | | slope, | |

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Fh--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Fordum | flooding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | ponding,

 | ponding. | | flooding. | | flooding.

 | | | | |

 FnB-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Freeon | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | |

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | wetness, | |

 | | | percs slowly. | |

 | | | | |

 FnC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Freeon | slope, | slope, | slope. | erodes easily. | slope.

 | wetness, | wetness, | | |

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

 GcB-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Graycalm | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | small stones, | |

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 Gm--------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Graycalm | too sandy. | too sandy. | small stones, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 Gr--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Greenwood | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 GuB-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Guenther | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 HtB-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Hatley | wetness. | wetness, | small stones, | wetness. | small stones,

 | | small stones. | wetness. | | large stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 HyB-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Hatley | wetness. | wetness, | large stones, | large stones, | large stones.

 | | small stones. | small stones, | wetness. |

 | | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

 KaB-------------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Kennan | | | small stones, | | large stones.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 KaC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Kennan | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 KaD2------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Kennan | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 177

 Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 KeB-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Kennan | large stones. | large stones. | large stones. | large stones. | large stones.

 | | | | |

 KeC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Kennan | slope, | slope, | large stones, | large stones. | large stones.

 | large stones. | large stones. | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 KeE-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Kennan | slope. | slope. | large stones, | large stones, | large stones,

 | | | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 LDF. | | | | |

 Landfill | | | | |

 | | | | |

 LoB-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Loyal | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | |

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | wetness, | |

 | | | percs slowly. | |

 | | | | |

 LoC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Loyal | slope, | slope, | slope. | erodes easily. | slope.

 | wetness, | wetness, | | |

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

 MaB-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Magnor | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 MbB-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Mahtomedi | small stones, | small stones, | small stones. | too sandy. | small stones,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 MbC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Mahtomedi | slope, | slope, | slope, | too sandy. | small stones,

 | small stones, | small stones, | small stones. | | droughty.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | |

 | | | | |

 MbE-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Mahtomedi | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | slope.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 McA-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Mahtomedi | small stones, | small stones, | small stones. | too sandy. | small stones,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 MdB-------------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Slight.

 Marathon | | | slope, | |

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 MdC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Marathon | slope. | slope. | slope. | erodes easily. | slope.

 | | | | |

 MeC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Marathon | slope, | slope, | large stones, | large stones. | large stones.

 | large stones. | large stones. | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 MfA-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Marshfield | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 MgA-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Meadland | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | large stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |
178 Soil Survey of

 Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 MhA-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Meadland | wetness. | wetness, | large stones, | large stones, | large stones.

 | | large stones. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 Mm--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Meehan | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness,

 | | too sandy. | | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Mn--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Minocqua | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 MoB-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Severe:

 Moberg | small stones. | small stones. | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 MoC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Severe:

 Moberg | slope, | slope, | slope, | | droughty.

 | small stones. | small stones. | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 MsB-------------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Mosinee | | | slope, | | large stones,

 | | | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 MsC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Mosinee | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 MsD-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Mosinee | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 MtC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Mosinee | slope, | slope, | large stones, | large stones. | large stones,

 | large stones. | large stones. | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 MyB-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Mylrea | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 MzB-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Mylrea | wetness. | wetness, | large stones, | large stones, | large stones.

 | | large stones. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 Ne--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Newson | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 Oe--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Oesterle | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | large stones,

 | | | | | wetness,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Pg, Ph. | | | | |

 Pits | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Po--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Plover | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 RbC-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Ribhill | slope, | slope, | large stones, | large stones. | large stones.

 | large stones. | large stones. | slope. | |

 | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 179

 Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways

 map symbol | | | | |

 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 RbE-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Ribhill | slope. | slope. | large stones, | large stones, | large stones,

 | | | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 RcB-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Rietbrock | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | large stones,

 | | | | | wetness,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 ReB-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Rietbrock | wetness. | wetness, | large stones, | large stones, | large stones.

 | | large stones. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 RhA-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Rockers | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

 RoA, RoB, RsA, RsB----|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Rosholt | small stones. | small stones. | small stones. | | small stones,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 ScA, SdA--------------|Slight----------|Slight----------|Moderate: |Slight----------|Moderate:

 Scott Lake | | | small stones. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Se--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Seelyeville | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 ShA-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Sherry | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 St--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Sturgeon | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | |

 UoB, UoE. | | | | |

 Udorthents | | | | |

 | | | | |

 WtA, WtB--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Withee | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
180 Soil Survey of

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat

 (See text for definitions of "good," "fair," "poor," and "very poor." Absence of an entry indicates that the

 soil was not rated)

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- _________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | | | Wild | | | | | | |

 map symbol | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 AdB----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Alban | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Ad-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good.

 Altdorf | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 AmC----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Amery | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 CbA----------------|Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good.

 Cable | poor. | poor. | | | | | | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Ch-----------------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 Cathro | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 CkA, CkB, CkC------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 Chetek | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 CkE----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 Chetek | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Da-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good.

 Dancy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 DoA----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 Dolph | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 DuB----------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor.

 Dunnville | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 FeC----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Fenwood | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 FeD----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 Fenwood | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 FfC, FfE-----------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 Fenwood | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fenwood-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rozellville-------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Fh-----------------|Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Fair |Good.

 Fordum | poor. | poor. | | | | | | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 FnB----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Freeon | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 FnC----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Freeon | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 181

 Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- _________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | | | Wild | | | | | | |

 map symbol | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 GcB, Gm------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 Graycalm | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Gr-----------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 Greenwood | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 GuB----------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 Guenther | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 HtB----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Hatley | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 HyB----------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 Hatley | poor. | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 KaB, KaC-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Kennan | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 KaD2---------------|Poor |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 Kennan | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 KeB, KeC, KeE------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 Kennan | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 LoB----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Loyal | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 LoC----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Loyal | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MaB----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 Magnor | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MbB, MbC-----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 Mahtomedi | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MbE----------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 Mahtomedi | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 McA----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 Mahtomedi | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MdB----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Marathon | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MdC----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Marathon | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MeC----------------|Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 Marathon | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MfA----------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 Marshfield | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MgA----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 Meadland | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MhA----------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair.

 Meadland | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
182 Soil Survey of

 Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- _________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | | | Wild | | | | | | |

 map symbol | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Mm-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 Meehan | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Mn-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good.

 Minocqua | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MoB, MoC-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Moberg | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MsB----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Mosinee | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MsC----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Mosinee | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MsD----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 Mosinee | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MtC----------------|Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 Mosinee | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MyB----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Mylrea | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 MzB----------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Very |Good |Very

 Mylrea | poor. | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Ne-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 Newson | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Oe-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 Oesterle | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Po-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 Plover | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 RbC, RbE-----------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 Ribhill | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 RcB----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Rietbrock | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 ReB----------------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 Rietbrock | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 RhA----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 Rockers | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 RoA, RoB, RsA, RsB-|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Rosholt | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 ScA, SdA-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 Scott Lake | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Se-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good.

 Seelyeville | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 ShA----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good.

 Sherry | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 183

 Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- _________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | | | Wild | | | | | | |

 map symbol | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 St-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 Sturgeon | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 WtA, WtB-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 Withee | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
184 Soil Survey of

Table 11.--Building Site Development

 (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of

 "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The

 information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation)

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 AbB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight.

 Alban | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Ad----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Altdorf | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | shrink-swell, | ponding.

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | ponding. |

 | | | | | |

 AmC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Amery | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 CbA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Cable | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | large stones,

 | | | | | frost action. | ponding.

 | | | | | |

 Ch----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Cathro | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | subsides. | subsides. | subsides. | frost action, | excess humus.

 | | | | | subsides. |

 | | | | | |

 CkA---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 Chetek | cutbanks cave.| | | | | large stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 CkB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 Chetek | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 CkC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Chetek | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | large stones,

 | | | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 CkE---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Chetek | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Da----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Dancy | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding.

 | ponding. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 DoA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Dolph | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | low strength, | wetness.

 | | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell. | frost action, |

 | | | | | shrink-swell. |

 | | | | | |

 DuB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Dunnville | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 FeC---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Fenwood | depth to rock,| shrink-swell, | depth to rock,| slope. | slope, | large stones,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | | frost action, | slope.

 | | | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell. |

 | | | | | |

 FeD---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Fenwood | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 185

 Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 FfC---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Fenwood | depth to rock,| shrink-swell, | depth to rock,| slope. | slope, | large stones.

 | large stones, | slope, | slope, | | frost action, |

 | slope. | large stones. | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell. |

 | | | | | |

 FfE---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Fenwood | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | large stones,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | | |

 Fenwood----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | depth to rock.| shrink-swell. | depth to rock,| shrink-swell, | frost action, | large stones.

 | | | shrink-swell. | slope. | shrink-swell. |

 | | | | | |

 Rozellville------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight.

 | | | | slope. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Fh----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Fordum | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | flooding, | flooding.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 FnB---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight.

 Freeon | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, |

 | | | | slope. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 FnC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Freeon | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | slope. | wetness, | slope.

 | | slope. | | | slope, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 GcB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 Graycalm | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Gm----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 Graycalm | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Gr----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Greenwood | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | frost action, | excess humus.

 | | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | subsides. |

 | | | | | |

 GuB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 Guenther | cutbanks cave.| | wetness, | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | shrink-swell. | | |

 | | | | | |

 HtB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Hatley | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | small stones,

 | wetness. | | | | | large stones,

 | | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | | |

 HyB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Hatley | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | large stones.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 KaB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Kennan | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. | large stones.

 | | | | | |
186 Soil Survey of

 Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 KaC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Kennan | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | large stones,

 | | | | | frost action. | slope.

 | | | | | |

 KaD2--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Kennan | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 KeB---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Kennan | cutbanks cave.| large stones. | large stones. | slope, | frost action, | large stones.

 | | | | large stones. | large stones. |

 | | | | | |

 KeC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Kennan | cutbanks cave.| slope, | slope, | slope. | slope, | large stones.

 | | large stones. | large stones. | | frost action, |

 | | | | | large stones. |

 | | | | | |

 KeE---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Kennan | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | large stones,

 | slope. | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 LDF. | | | | | |

 Landfill | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 LoB---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Loyal | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | slope. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 LoC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Loyal | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | slope. | wetness, | wetness,

 | | slope. | | | slope, | slope.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 MaB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Magnor | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 MbB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 Mahtomedi | cutbanks cave.| | | | | small stones.

 | | | | | |

 MbC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Mahtomedi | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | small stones.

 | | | | | |

 MbE---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Mahtomedi | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 McA---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 Mahtomedi | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | | small stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 MdB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight:

 Marathon | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 MdC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Marathon | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 MeC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Marathon | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | large stones.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 187

 Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 MfA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Marshfield | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | low strength, | ponding.

 | | | | | ponding, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 MgA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Meadland | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | large stones,

 | | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | | |

 MhA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Meadland | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | large stones.

 | | | | | |

 Mm----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Meehan | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Mn----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Minocqua | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding.

 | ponding. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 MoB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 Moberg | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 MoC---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Moberg | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 MsB---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Mosinee | depth to rock,| large stones. | depth to rock,| slope, | frost action, | large stones,

 | large stones. | | large stones. | large stones. | large stones. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 MsC---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Mosinee | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| slope. | slope, | large stones,

 | large stones, | large stones. | slope, | | frost action, | droughty,

 | slope. | | large stones. | | large stones. | slope.

 | | | | | |

 MsD---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Mosinee | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | | |

 MtC---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 Mosinee | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| slope. | slope, | large stones,

 | large stones, | large stones. | slope, | | frost action, | droughty.

 | slope. | | large stones. | | large stones. |

 | | | | | |

 MyB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Mylrea | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 MzB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Mylrea | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | large stones.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Ne----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Newson | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | ponding. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Oe----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Oesterle | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | large stones,

 | wetness. | | | | | wetness,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |
188 Soil Survey of

 Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Pg, Ph. | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Po----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Plover | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 RbC---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Ribhill | depth to rock,| large stones. | depth to rock,| slope, | large stones. | large stones.

 | large stones. | | large stones. | large stones. | |

 | | | | | |

 RbE---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Ribhill | depth to rock,| slope, | depth to rock,| slope, | slope, | large stones,

 | large stones, | large stones. | slope, | large stones. | large stones. | slope.

 | slope. | | large stones. | | |

 | | | | | |

 RcB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Rietbrock | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | large stones,

 | | | | | | wetness,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 ReB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Rietbrock | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | large stones.

 | | | | | |

 RhA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 Rockers | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 RoA---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 Rosholt | cutbanks cave.| | | | frost action. | small stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 RoB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Rosholt | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. | small stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 RsA---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 Rosholt | cutbanks cave.| | | | frost action. | small stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 RsB---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 Rosholt | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. | small stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 ScA, SdA----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 Scott Lake | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. | large stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Se----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Seelyeville | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | subsides. | subsides. | subsides. | subsides. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

 ShA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Sherry | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 St----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Sturgeon | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 189

 Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 UoB, UoE. | | | | | |

 Udorthents | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 WtA, WtB----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 Withee | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
190 Soil Survey of

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities

 (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of

 "slight," "fair," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The

 information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for

 onsite investigation)

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 AbB-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Slight-----------|Fair:

 Alban | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness,

 | | | | | thin layer.

 | | | | |

 Ad------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Altdorf | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | ponding.

 | | | | |

 AmC-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 Amery | percs slowly, | slope. | slope. | slope. | small stones.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

 CbA-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Cable | ponding, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | small stones,

 | percs slowly. | | | | ponding.

 | | | | |

 Ch------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Cathro | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | | ponding. |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

 CkA, CkB------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Chetek | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 CkC-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Chetek | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 CkE-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Chetek | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Da------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Dancy | ponding. | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | small stones,

 | | ponding. | | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 DoA-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Dolph | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | hard to pack,

 | percs slowly. | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 DuB-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Dunnville | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 FeC-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 Fenwood | thin layer, | slope. | depth to rock, | slope. | small stones.

 | seepage, | | seepage. | |

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 191

 Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 FeD-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Fenwood | slope. | slope. | depth to rock, | slope. | small stones,

 | | | seepage, | | slope.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 FfC-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 Fenwood | thin layer, | slope. | depth to rock, | slope. | small stones.

 | seepage, | | seepage. | |

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 FfE-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Fenwood | slope. | slope. | depth to rock, | slope. | small stones,

 | | | seepage, | | slope.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | |

 Fenwood------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight-----------|Poor:

 | thin layer, | seepage, | depth to rock, | | small stones.

 | seepage, | depth to rock, | seepage. | |

 | percs slowly. | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 Rozellville--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight-----------|Poor:

 | percs slowly. | seepage, | large stones. | | large stones.

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 Fh------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Fordum | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | ponding, | flooding. | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | poor filter. | | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 FnB-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Freeon | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | small stones,

 | percs slowly. | slope. | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 FnC-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Freeon | wetness, | slope. | wetness, | wetness, | small stones,

 | percs slowly. | | slope. | slope. | slope,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 GcB-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Graycalm | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Gm------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Graycalm | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

 Gr------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Greenwood | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | ponding. | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

 GuB-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Poor:

 Guenther | wetness, | seepage, | wetness, | seepage. | small stones.

 | poor filter. | wetness. | too clayey. | |

 | | | | |

 HtB-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Hatley | wetness. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |
192 Soil Survey of

 Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 HyB-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Hatley | wetness. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 KaB-----------------|Slight-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Slight-----------|Fair:

 Kennan | | seepage. | seepage. | | large stones,

 | | | | | thin layer.

 | | | | |

 KaC-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Kennan | slope. | seepage, | seepage. | slope. | large stones,

 | | slope. | | | slope,

 | | | | | thin layer.

 | | | | |

 KaD2----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Kennan | slope. | seepage, | seepage, | slope. | slope.

 | | slope. | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 KeB-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight-----------|Fair:

 Kennan | large stones. | seepage. | seepage. | | large stones,

 | | | | | thin layer.

 | | | | |

 KeC-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Kennan | slope, | seepage, | seepage. | slope. | large stones,

 | large stones. | slope. | | | slope,

 | | | | | thin layer.

 | | | | |

 KeE-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Kennan | slope. | seepage, | seepage, | slope. | slope.

 | | slope. | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 LDF. | | | | |

 Landfill | | | | |

 | | | | |

 LoB-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Loyal | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 LoC-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 Loyal | wetness, | slope. | wetness. | wetness, | slope,

 | percs slowly. | | | slope. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 MaB-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Magnor | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 MbB-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Mahtomedi | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 MbC-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Mahtomedi | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 MbE-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Mahtomedi | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 193

 Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 McA-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Mahtomedi | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 MdB-----------------|Slight-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Marathon | | seepage. | seepage. | seepage. | small stones.

 | | | | |

 MdC, MeC------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Marathon | slope. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage. | small stones.

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 MfA-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Marshfield | ponding, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 MgA-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Meadland | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | percs slowly. | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 MhA-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Meadland | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | small stones,

 | percs slowly. | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Mm------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Meehan | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Mn------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Minocqua | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 MoB-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Moberg | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage. | seepage. | small stones.

 | | | | |

 MoC-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Moberg | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage. | small stones.

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 MsB-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Mosinee | thin layer, | seepage. | depth to rock, | seepage. | seepage,

 | seepage. | | seepage. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 MsC-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Mosinee | thin layer, | seepage, | depth to rock, | seepage. | seepage,

 | seepage, | slope. | seepage. | | small stones.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

 MsD-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Mosinee | slope. | seepage, | depth to rock, | seepage, | seepage,

 | | slope. | seepage, | slope. | small stones,

 | | | slope. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 MtC-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Mosinee | thin layer, | seepage, | depth to rock, | seepage. | seepage,

 | seepage, | slope. | seepage, | | small stones.

 | slope. | | large stones. | |

 | | | | |
194 Soil Survey of

 Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 MyB, MzB------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Mylrea | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | small stones,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Ne------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Newson | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

 Oe------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Oesterle | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Pg, Ph. | | | | |

 Pits | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Po------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Plover | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 RbC-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 Ribhill | thin layer, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | seepage, | area reclaim,

 | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | slope. | large stones.

 | large stones. | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 RbE-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Ribhill | thin layer, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | slope. | area reclaim,

 | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | | large stones,

 | large stones. | slope. | slope. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 RcB, ReB------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Rietbrock | wetness, | wetness. | depth to rock, | wetness. | small stones,

 | percs slowly. | | seepage, | | wetness.

 | | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

 RhA-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Rockers | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | | | | |

 RoA, RoB, RsA, RsB--|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Rosholt | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 ScA, SdA------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Scott Lake | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Se------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Seelyeville | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | subsides. | excess humus, | ponding. | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

 ShA-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Sherry | ponding, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | small stones,

 | percs slowly. | | | | ponding.

 | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 195

 Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

 St------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Sturgeon | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 UoB, UoE. | | | | |

 Udorthents | | | | |

 | | | | |

 WtA, WtB------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 Withee | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | slope. | | |

 | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
196 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Construction Materials

 (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of

 "good," "fair," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The

 information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for

 onsite investigation)

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

 AbB-------------------|Good-----------------|Probable-------------|Improbable: |Good.

 Alban | | | too sandy. |

 | | | |

 Ad--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Altdorf | wetness, | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | shrink-swell, | | |

 | low strength. | | |

 | | | |

 AmC-------------------|Good-----------------|Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Amery | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 CbA-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Cable | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Ch--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Cathro | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 CkA, CkB, CkC---------|Good-----------------|Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Chetek | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 CkE-------------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Chetek | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Da--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Dancy | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 DoA-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Dolph | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer.

 | | | |

 DuB-------------------|Good-----------------|Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Dunnville | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

 FeC-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Fenwood | area reclaim, | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim,

 | thin layer. | | | small stones.

 | | | |

 FeD-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Fenwood | area reclaim, | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim,

 | thin layer, | | | small stones,

 | slope. | | | slope.

 | | | |

 FfC-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Fenwood | area reclaim, | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim,

 | shrink-swell. | | | small stones.

 | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 197

 Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

 FfE-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Fenwood | area reclaim, | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim,

 | shrink-swell, | | | small stones,

 | slope. | | | slope.

 | | | |

 FgB: | | | |

 Fenwood--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | area reclaim, | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim,

 | thin layer. | | | small stones.

 | | | |

 Rozellville----------|Good-----------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

 Fh--------------------|Poor: |Probable-------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Fordum | wetness. | | too sandy. | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 FnB, FnC--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Freeon | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 GcB-------------------|Good-----------------|Probable-------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Graycalm | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Gm--------------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Graycalm | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Gr--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Greenwood | wetness, | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | low strength. | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 GuB-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Guenther | wetness, | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim.

 | shrink-swell. | | |

 | | | |

 HtB-------------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Hatley | wetness. | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 HyB-------------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Hatley | wetness, | | | small stones,

 | large stones. | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 KaB, KaC--------------|Good-----------------|Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Kennan | | | | large stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 KaD2------------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Kennan | slope. | | | large stones,

 | | | | area reclaim,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 KeB, KeC--------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Kennan | large stones. | | | large stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 KeE-------------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Kennan | large stones, | | | large stones,

 | slope. | | | slope,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |
198 Soil Survey of

 Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

 LDF. | | | |

 Landfill | | | |

 | | | |

 LoB-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 Loyal | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

 LoC-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 Loyal | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 MaB-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Magnor | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 MbB, MbC--------------|Good-----------------|Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Mahtomedi | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 MbE-------------------|Poor: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Mahtomedi | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 McA-------------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Mahtomedi | wetness. | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 MdB, MdC, MeC---------|Good-----------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Marathon | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 MfA-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Marshfield | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 MgA, MhA--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Meadland | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Mm--------------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Meehan | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Mn--------------------|Poor: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Minocqua | wetness. | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 MoB, MoC--------------|Good-----------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Moberg | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 MsB, MsC--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Mosinee | area reclaim, | large stones. | large stones. | small stones,

 | thin layer, | | | area reclaim.

 | large stones. | | |

 | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 199

 Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

 MsD-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Mosinee | area reclaim, | large stones. | large stones. | small stones,

 | thin layer, | | | area reclaim,

 | large stones. | | | slope.

 | | | |

 MtC-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Mosinee | area reclaim, | large stones. | large stones. | small stones,

 | thin layer, | | | area reclaim.

 | large stones. | | |

 | | | |

 MyB-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Mylrea | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 MzB-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Mylrea | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | large stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Ne--------------------|Poor: |Probable-------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Newson | wetness. | | too sandy. | wetness.

 | | | |

 Oe--------------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Oesterle | wetness. | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Pg, Ph. | | | |

 Pits | | | |

 | | | |

 Po--------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 Plover | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer.

 | | | |

 RbC-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Ribhill | area reclaim, | excess fines, | excess fines, | large stones.

 | large stones. | large stones. | large stones. |

 | | | |

 RbE-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Ribhill | area reclaim, | excess fines, | excess fines, | large stones,

 | large stones. | large stones. | large stones. | slope.

 | | | |

 RcB, ReB--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Rietbrock | area reclaim, | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | thin layer, | | | area reclaim.

 | large stones. | | |

 | | | |

 RhA-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Rockers | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 RoA, RoB, RsA, RsB----|Good-----------------|Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Rosholt | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 ScA, SdA--------------|Fair: |Probable-------------|Probable-------------|Poor:

 Scott Lake | wetness. | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Se--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Seelyeville | wetness, | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | low strength. | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 ShA-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Sherry | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |
200 Soil Survey of

 Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 map symbol | | | |

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

 St--------------------|Poor: |Probable-------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 Sturgeon | wetness. | | too sandy. | wetness.

 | | | |

 UoB, UoE. | | | |

 Udorthents | | | |

 | | | |

 WtA, WtB--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 Withee | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marathon County, Wisconsin 201

Table 14.--Water Management

 (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of

 "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not evaluated. The

 information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation)

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces |

 map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed

 | areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 AbB---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily,

 Alban | seepage, | seepage, | | slope. | too sandy. | rooting depth.

 | slope. | piping. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Ad----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Erodes easily, |Wetness,

 Altdorf | seepage. | ponding. | percs slowly, | percs slowly, | ponding, | erodes easily,

 | | | frost action. | erodes easily.| percs slowly. | percs slowly.

 | | | | | |

 AmC---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope----------|Slope.

 Amery | slope. | seepage, | | | |

 | | piping. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 CbA---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Ponding, |Large stones, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 Cable | seepage. | piping, | frost action. | ponding, | erodes easily,| wetness,

 | | ponding. | | droughty. | ponding. | erodes easily.

 | | | | | |

 Ch----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding, |Wetness.

 Cathro | seepage. | piping, | subsides, | soil blowing. | soil blowing. |

 | | ponding. | frost action. | | |

 | | | | | |

 CkA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy, |Droughty,

 Chetek | seepage. | seepage. | | soil blowing. | soil blowing. | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 CkB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy, |Droughty,

 Chetek | seepage. | seepage. | | droughty, | soil blowing. | rooting depth.

 | | | | soil blowing. | |

 | | | | | |

 CkC, CkE----------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope,

 Chetek | seepage, | seepage. | | droughty, | too sandy, | droughty,

 | slope. | | | soil blowing. | soil blowing. | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 Da----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding, |Wetness,

 Dancy | seepage. | ponding. | frost action. | droughty. | soil blowing. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 DoA---------------|Slight---------|Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness,

 Dolph | | hard to pack. | frost action. | percs slowly, | wetness. | erodes easily,

 | | | | erodes easily.| | percs slowly.

 | | | | | |

 DuB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy, |Droughty.

 Dunnville | seepage. | seepage, | | soil blowing. | soil blowing. |

 | | piping. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 FeC, FeD----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Large stones,

 Fenwood | slope. | thin layer, | | erodes easily.| large stones, | slope,

 | | large stones. | | | erodes easily.| erodes easily.

 | | | | | |

 FfC, FfE----------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Large stones,

 Fenwood | slope. | large stones. | | large stones, | large stones, | slope,

 | | | | droughty. | erodes easily.| erodes easily.

 | | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | | |

 Fenwood----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 | seepage, | thin layer, | | erodes easily.| erodes easily.| erodes easily.

 | depth to rock,| large stones. | | | |

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
202 Soil Survey of

 Table 14.--Water Management--Continued

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces |

 map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed

 | areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | | |

 Rozellville------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth, |Erodes easily |Erodes easily,

 | seepage, | seepage, | | slope, | | rooting depth.

 | slope. | piping. | | erodes easily.| |

 | | | | | |

 Fh----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding, |Wetness.

 Fordum | seepage. | seepage, | flooding, | flooding. | too sandy. |

 | | piping, | frost action. | | |

 | | ponding. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 FnB---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily,

 Freeon | slope. | seepage, | slope. | wetness, | wetness, | rooting depth.

 | | piping. | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. |

 | | | | | |

 FnC---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Slope, |Slope,

 Freeon | slope. | seepage, | slope. | wetness. | erodes easily,| erodes easily,

 | | piping. | | | wetness. | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 GcB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy, |Droughty.

 Graycalm | seepage. | seepage, | | droughty, | soil blowing. |

 | | piping. | | fast intake. | |

 | | | | | |

 Gm----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness, |Droughty.

 Graycalm | seepage. | seepage, | | droughty, | too sandy, |

 | | piping. | | fast intake. | soil blowing. |

 | | | | | |

 Gr----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding--------|Wetness.

 Greenwood | seepage. | excess humus, | frost action. | | |

 | | ponding. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 GuB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Slope----------|Slope, |Wetness, |Droughty.

 Guenther | seepage. | piping. | | wetness, | soil blowing. |

 | | | | droughty. | |

 | | | | | |

 HtB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Slope, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 Hatley | seepage. | seepage, | slope, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | too sandy. |

 | | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 HyB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Slope, |Wetness, |Wetness,

 Hatley | seepage. | seepage, | slope, | large stones, | too sandy, | droughty,

 | | wetness, | cutbanks cave.| wetness. | large stones. | large stones.

 | | piping. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 KaB---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 Kennan | seepage, | piping. | | soil blowing, | soil blowing. | droughty.

 | slope. | | | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 KaC, KaD2---------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Slope, |Large stones,

 Kennan | slope. | piping. | | soil blowing, | large stones, | slope,

 | | | | slope. | soil blowing. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 KeB---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Large stones, |Large stones---|Large stones,

 Kennan | seepage, | piping. | | droughty, | | droughty.

 | slope. | | | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 KeC, KeE----------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Large stones, |Slope, |Large stones,

 Kennan | slope. | piping. | | droughty, | large stones. | slope,

 | | | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 203

 Table 14.--Water Management--Continued

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces |

 map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed

 | areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 LDF. | | | | | |

 Landfill | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 LoB---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily,

 Loyal | slope. | piping. | slope. | wetness, | wetness, | rooting depth.

 | | | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. |

 | | | | | |

 LoC---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Slope, |Slope,

 Loyal | slope. | piping. | slope. | wetness, | erodes easily,| erodes easily,

 | | | | percs slowly. | wetness. | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 MaB---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Erodes easily, |Wetness,

 Magnor | seepage, | piping, | frost action, | wetness, | wetness, | erodes easily,

 | slope. | wetness. | slope. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 MbB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy, |Droughty,

 Mahtomedi | seepage. | seepage. | | droughty, | soil blowing. | rooting depth.

 | | | | fast intake. | |

 | | | | | |

 MbC, MbE----------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope,

 Mahtomedi | seepage, | seepage. | | droughty, | too sandy, | droughty,

 | slope. | | | fast intake. | soil blowing. | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 McA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness, |Droughty,

 Mahtomedi | seepage. | seepage. | | droughty, | too sandy, | rooting depth.

 | | | | fast intake. | soil blowing. |

 | | | | | |

 MdB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily.

 Marathon | seepage. | seepage, | | erodes easily.| too sandy. |

 | | piping. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 MdC---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope,

 Marathon | seepage, | seepage, | | erodes easily.| erodes easily,| erodes easily.

 | slope. | piping. | | | too sandy. |

 | | | | | |

 MeC---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Large stones,

 Marathon | seepage, | seepage, | | droughty. | large stones, | slope,

 | slope. | piping. | | | erodes easily.| erodes easily.

 | | | | | |

 MfA---------------|Slight---------|Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 Marshfield | | ponding, | frost action. | erodes easily.| ponding, | wetness,

 | | piping. | | | erodes easily.| erodes easily.

 | | | | | |

 MgA---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness--------|Wetness.

 Meadland | seepage. | piping. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 MhA---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness--------|Wetness,

 Meadland | seepage. | piping. | | droughty, | | droughty,

 | | | | rooting depth.| | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 Mm----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness, |Wetness,

 Meehan | seepage. | seepage, | | droughty, | too sandy, | droughty.

 | | piping, | | fast intake. | soil blowing. |

 | | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Mn----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Erodes easily, |Wetness,

 Minocqua | seepage. | seepage, | frost action, | droughty, | ponding, | erodes easily,

 | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| soil blowing. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | ponding. | | | |

 | | | | | |
204 Soil Survey of

 Table 14.--Water Management--Continued

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces |

 map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed

 | areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 MoB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy------|Droughty,

 Moberg | seepage. | seepage, | | droughty, | | rooting depth.

 | | piping. | | rooting depth.| |

 | | | | | |

 MoC---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope,

 Moberg | seepage, | seepage, | | droughty, | too sandy. | droughty,

 | slope. | piping. | | rooting depth.| | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 MsB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 Mosinee | seepage. | seepage, | | large stones, | soil blowing. | droughty.

 | | large stones. | | droughty. | |

 | | | | | |

 MsC, MsD----------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Large stones,

 Mosinee | seepage, | seepage, | | large stones, | large stones, | slope,

 | slope. | large stones. | | droughty. | soil blowing. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 MtC---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Large stones, |Slope, |Large stones,

 Mosinee | seepage, | seepage, | | droughty, | large stones. | slope,

 | slope. | large stones. | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 MyB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Slope, |Erodes easily, |Wetness,

 Mylrea | seepage. | seepage, | slope, | wetness, | wetness, | erodes easily.

 | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| erodes easily.| too sandy. |

 | | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 MzB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Slope, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 Mylrea | seepage. | seepage, | slope, | wetness. | erodes easily,| wetness,

 | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | erodes easily.

 | | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Ne----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding, |Wetness,

 Newson | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| droughty, | too sandy, | droughty.

 | | piping, | | fast intake. | soil blowing. |

 | | ponding. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Oe----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Wetness, |Wetness, |Wetness,

 Oesterle | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| droughty. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | piping, | | | |

 | | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Pg, Ph. | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Po----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action, |Wetness, |Wetness, |Wetness.

 Plover | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| soil blowing. | too sandy. |

 | | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 RbC, RbE----------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Large stones,

 Ribhill | slope. | piping, | | large stones, | large stones, | slope,

 | | large stones. | | thin layer. | depth to rock.| depth to rock.

 | | | | | |

 RcB---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Large stones, |Slope, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 Rietbrock | seepage, | thin layer, | frost action, | large stones, | wetness, | wetness,

 | depth to rock,| piping, | slope. | wetness. | erodes easily.| erodes easily.

 | slope. | large stones. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 ReB---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Large stones, |Slope, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 Rietbrock | seepage, | thin layer. | frost action, | large stones, | erodes easily,| wetness,

 | depth to rock,| | slope. | wetness. | wetness. | erodes easily.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 205

 Table 14.--Water Management--Continued

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces |

 map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed

 | areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 RhA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness, |Wetness.

 Rockers | seepage. | wetness. | | fast intake, | soil blowing. |

 | | | | soil blowing. | |

 | | | | | |

 RoA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy, |Droughty.

 Rosholt | seepage. | seepage, | | soil blowing. | soil blowing. |

 | | piping. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 RoB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy, |Droughty.

 Rosholt | seepage. | seepage, | | soil blowing, | soil blowing. |

 | | piping. | | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

 RsA---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty-------|Too sandy------|Droughty.

 Rosholt | seepage. | seepage, | | | |

 | | piping. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 RsB---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy------|Droughty.

 Rosholt | seepage. | seepage, | | slope. | |

 | | piping. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 ScA, SdA----------|Severe: |Severe: |Large stones, |Wetness, |Large stones, |Large stones,

 Scott Lake | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| droughty. | wetness, | droughty,

 | | piping. | | | too sandy. | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 Se----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding--------|Wetness.

 Seelyeville | seepage. | excess humus, | subsides. | | |

 | | ponding. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 ShA---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Erodes easily, |Wetness,

 Sherry | seepage. | piping, | frost action. | rooting depth.| ponding. | erodes easily,

 | | ponding. | | | | rooting depth.

 | | | | | |

 St----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness--------|Erodes easily, |Wetness,

 Sturgeon | seepage. | seepage, | frost action, | | wetness, | erodes easily.

 | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | too sandy. |

 | | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | | |

 UoB, UoE. | | | | | |

 Udorthents | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 WtA, WtB----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Erodes easily, |Wetness,

 Withee | seepage, | wetness. | frost action, | wetness, | wetness, | erodes easily,

 | slope. | | slope. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | rooting depth.

 | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
206 Soil Survey of

Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties

 (The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated)

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 AbB--------------| 0-7 |Loam-------------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|60-80 | <25 | 3-6

 Alban | 7-22|Loam, fine sandy |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-100|15-90 | <25 | NP-8

 | | loam, silt loam.| ML, CL | | | | | | | |

 |22-38|Fine sandy loam, |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-100|30-75 | <25 | NP-8

 | | sandy loam, | ML, CL | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |38-60|Stratified fine |SM, ML, |A-4, A-2,| 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100| 5-100| <25 | NP-6

 | | sand to silt | CL-ML, | A-3 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | SP-SM | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ad---------------| 0-3 |Mucky silt loam |ML, CL, |A-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|70-90 | 20-30 | 3-10

 Altdorf | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 | 3-12|Silt loam, silty |CL |A-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|70-95 | 25-40 | 10-20

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |12-60|Clay loam, clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 |90-100|90-100|80-100|65-95 | 41-65 | 25-40

 | | silty clay. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 AmC--------------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|65-100|45-95 | <25 | 1-7

 Amery | | | SM, SM-SC| | | | | | | |

 | 8-34|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-4, A-2,| 3-15 |50-100|50-85 |30-85 |15-75 | <28 | NP-9

 | | sandy loam, | CL, ML | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |34-60|Loamy sand, sandy|SM, SC, |A-4, A-2,| 3-15 |50-100|50-85 |25-85 |10-50 | <28 | NP-9

 | | loam, gravelly | SP-SM, | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | SP-SC | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 CbA--------------| 0-6 |Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML,|A-4 |25-50 |75-100|75-100|60-100|35-90 | <26 | 5-10

 Cable | | | SC, SM-SC| | | | | | | |

 | 6-20|Silt loam, loam, |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 0-25 |75-100|75-100|50-100|30-90 | <33 | NP-10

 | | fine sandy loam.| ML, CL | | | | | | | |

 |20-30|Loam, sandy loam,|SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-25 |65-100|60-100|35-95 |20-75 | <27 | NP-8

 | | gravelly sandy | ML, CL | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |30-60|Sandy loam, |SM, GM, |A-2, A-1,| 0-25 |65-100|60-100|40-90 |20-70 | <23 | NP-6

 | | gravelly sandy | ML, CL-ML| A-4 | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ch---------------| 0-5 |Hemic material---|PT |A-8 | 0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Cathro | 5-28|Sapric material, |PT |A-8 | 0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | muck. | | | | | | | | |

 |28-60|Loam, silt loam, |SM-SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-5 |80-100|65-100|60-100|35-90 | 20-40 | 4-20

 | | clay loam. | CL-ML, | | | | | | | |

 | | | SC, CL | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 CkA, CkB, CkC, | | | | | | | | | | |

 CkE-------------| 0-8 |Sandy loam-------|SM, SM-SC |A-2, A-4 | 0-15 |80-100|75-100|45-70 |25-40 | <23 | NP-6

 Chetek | 8-13|Sandy loam, loam |ML, CL, |A-2, A-4 | 0-15 |80-100|75-100|45-95 |25-75 | <26 | NP-8

 | | | SM, SC | | | | | | | |

 |13-19|Sandy loam, loam |ML, CL, |A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |80-100|75-100|45-95 |10-75 | <31 | NP-13

 | | | SM, SC | A-6, A-1| | | | | | |

 |19-60|Stratified sand |SP, SP-SM |A-1 | 0-15 |55-95 |45-75 |15-50 | 1-5 | --- | NP

 | | to gravel. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 207

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Da---------------| 0-4 |Sandy loam-------|SM, SM-SC |A-2, A-4 | 0-15 |85-100|85-100|50-70 |25-40 | <25 | 2-7

 Dancy | 4-21|Loamy sand, sandy|SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |85-100|85-100|45-85 |15-55 | <26 | 1-8

 | | loam. | ML, CL | A-1 | | | | | | |

 |21-41|Clay loam, loam, |SC, CL, GC|A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |55-100|55-100|55-100|25-80 | 25-40 | 9-18

 | | gravelly sandy | | A-6 | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |41-60|Sandy loam, loam,|SC, CL, GC|A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |55-100|55-100|40-100|15-80 | 25-40 | 7-18

 | | gravelly clay | | A-6 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 DoA--------------| 0-9 |Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-95 | 20-30 | 3-10

 Dolph | | | ML | | | | | | | |

 | 9-15|Silty clay loam, |CL, CL-ML,|A-6, A-7,| 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-95 | 25-45 | 3-22

 | | silt loam. | ML | A-4 | | | | | | |

 |15-37|Clay, clay loam |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 |90-100|90-100|80-100|65-95 | 41-86 | 20-57

 |37-60|Clay loam, sandy |CL, SC, CH|A-6, A-7,| 0 |90-100|90-100|70-100|30-95 | 35-77 | 15-51

 | | clay loam. | | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 DuB--------------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0 |95-100|90-100|55-95 |30-65 | <20 | NP-4

 Dunnville | 8-26|Loam, sandy loam,|CL, CL-ML,|A-2, A-4 | 0 |95-100|90-100|55-95 |30-75 | 20-30 | 4-9

 | | fine sandy loam.| SC, SM-SC| | | | | | | |

 |26-36|Sandy loam, fine |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0 |95-100|90-100|55-85 |30-55 | <20 | NP-4

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine sand.| | | | | | | | |

 |36-60|Sand, gravelly |SP, SM, |A-2, A-3,| 0 |50-100|50-100|25-70 | 2-20 | --- | NP

 | | sand, fine sand.| GP, GM | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 FeC, FeD---------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-15 |90-100|85-100|85-100|85-100| 20-30 | 3-8

 Fenwood | | | CL | | | | | | | |

 | 8-18|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-2,| 0-15 |80-100|75-95 |45-95 |20-95 | <25 | 2-7

 | | silt loam. | SM, SM-SC| A-1 | | | | | | |

 |18-31|Loam, gravelly |CL, SC, GC|A-6, A-4,| 0-15 |55-95 |50-95 |40-95 |20-75 | 25-40 | 9-18

 | | loam, sandy clay| | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |31-43|Very cobbly loam,|CL, SC, |A-6, A-4,| 7-50 |55-95 |50-90 |40-85 |15-70 | 15-40 | 4-18

 | | cobbly loam, | GC, CL-ML| A-2, A-1| | | | | | |

 | | cobbly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | 43 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | bedrock, | | | | | | | | |

 | | unweathered | | | | | | | | |

 | | bedrock. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 FfC, FfE---------| 0-9 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |25-50 |90-100|85-100|85-100|85-100| 20-30 | 3-8

 Fenwood | | | CL | | | | | | | |

 | 9-15|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-2,| 0-25 |80-100|75-95 |45-95 |20-95 | <25 | 2-7

 | | silt loam. | SM, SM-SC| A-1 | | | | | | |

 |15-27|Loam, gravelly |CL, SC, GC|A-6, A-4,| 0-25 |55-95 |50-95 |40-95 |20-75 | 25-40 | 9-18

 | | loam, sandy clay| | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |27-45|Very cobbly loam,|CL, SC, |A-6, A-4,| 7-50 |55-95 |50-95 |40-85 |15-70 | 15-40 | 4-18

 | | cobbly loam, | GC, CL-ML| A-2, A-1| | | | | | |

 | | cobbly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | 45 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | bedrock, | | | | | | | | |

 | | unweathered | | | | | | | | |

 | | bedrock. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
208 Soil Survey of

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fenwood---------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-7 |90-100|85-100|85-100|85-100| 20-30 | 3-8

 | | | CL | | | | | | | |

 | 8-18|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-2,| 0-7 |80-100|75-95 |45-95 |20-95 | <25 | 2-7

 | | silt loam. | SM, SM-SC| A-1 | | | | | | |

 |18-31|Loam, gravelly |CL, SC, GC|A-6, A-4,| 0-7 |55-95 |50-95 |40-95 |20-75 | 25-40 | 9-18

 | | loam, clay loam.| | A-2 | | | | | | |

 |31-43|Very cobbly loam,|CL, SC, |A-6, A-4,| 7-50 |55-95 |50-90 |40-85 |15-70 | 15-40 | 4-18

 | | cobbly loam, | GC, CL-ML| A-2, A-1| | | | | | |

 | | cobbly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | 43 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | bedrock, | | | | | | | | |

 | | unweathered | | | | | | | | |

 | | bedrock. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rozellville-----| 0-9 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-7 |75-100|75-100|65-100|45-100| <30 | 2-12

 | | | SM, SC | | | | | | | |

 | 9-14|Silt loam, loam |SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-7 |75-100|75-100|65-100|45-100| <35 | NP-13

 | | | ML, CL | | | | | | | |

 |14-35|Loam, sandy loam,|SC, CL, |A-2, A-4,| 0-7 |75-100|75-100|45-100|20-85 | <40 | NP-18

 | | clay loam. | SM, ML | A-6, A-1| | | | | | |

 |35-60|Gravelly loam, |GM, SM, |A-1, A-2,| 0-50 |40-100|40-100|25-95 |12-75 | <40 | NP-13

 | | cobbly loam, | SM-SC, ML| A-4, A-6| | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fh---------------| 0-6 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-15 |80-100|70-100|65-100|45-95 | 20-35 | 3-15

 Fordum | | | SM, SC | | | | | | | |

 | 6-30|Silt loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |80-100|70-100|45-100|20-90 | <30 | 3-10

 | | sandy loam, | ML, CL | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |30-60|Sand, fine sand, |SP, SM |A-3, A-2,| 0-15 |80-100|70-100|35-80 | 2-35 | --- | NP

 | | loamy fine sand.| | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 FnB, FnC---------| 0-9 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-5 |90-100|90-100|85-100|85-100| <30 | 1-10

 Freeon | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 | 9-16|Silt loam--------|ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-5 |90-100|90-100|85-100|85-100| <30 | 1-10

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 |16-21|Silt loam--------|ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-5 |90-100|90-100|85-100|85-100| <30 | 1-10

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 |21-35|Loam, gravelly |SM, SC, |A-4, A-6,| 0-15 |65-100|65-95 |35-90 |10-70 | <35 | NP-15

 | | sandy loam, | ML, CL | A-2, A-1| | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |35-60|Sandy loam, loam,|SM, SC, |A-4, A-2,| 0-15 |65-95 |60-95 |35-90 |10-70 | <35 | NP-15

 | | gravelly sandy | ML, CL | A-6, A-1| | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 GcB--------------| 0-9 |Loamy sand-------|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 |95-100|75-100|35-75 |10-30 | --- | NP

 Graycalm | 9-26|Sand, loamy sand |SP-SM, SM,|A-3, A-2,| 0 |95-100|75-100|30-75 | 0-30 | --- | NP

 | | | SP | A-1 | | | | | | |

 |26-52|Sand, loamy sand,|SM, SP-SM,|A-2, A-1,| 0 |95-100|75-100|30-85 | 0-45 | --- | NP

 | | loamy fine sand.| SP | A-3 | | | | | | |

 |52-60|Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM,|A-2, A-1,| 0 |95-100|75-100|35-55 | 0-15 | --- | NP

 | | | SM | A-3 | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 209

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Gm---------------| 0-9 |Loamy sand-------|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 |95-100|75-100|35-75 |10-30 | --- | NP

 Graycalm | 9-25|Sand, loamy sand |SP-SM, SM,|A-3, A-2,| 0 |95-100|75-100|30-75 | 0-30 | --- | NP

 | | | SP | A-1 | | | | | | |

 |25-49|Sand, loamy sand,|SM, SP-SM,|A-2, A-1,| 0 |95-100|75-100|30-85 | 0-45 | --- | NP

 | | loamy fine sand.| SP | A-3 | | | | | | |

 |49-60|Sand, coarse sand|SP, SP-SM,|A-2, A-1,| 0 |95-100|75-100|35-55 | 0-15 | --- | NP

 | | | SM | A-3 | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Gr---------------| 0-4 |Fibric material |PT |A-8 | 0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Greenwood | 4-60|Hemic material---|PT |A-8 | 0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 GuB--------------| 0-9 |Loamy sand-------|SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 |90-100|90-100|45-75 |15-30 | --- | NP

 Guenther | 9-31|Loamy sand, sand |SP-SM, SM |A-3, A-2,| 0 |90-100|90-100|45-75 | 5-30 | --- | NP

 | | | | A-1 | | | | | | |

 |31-37|Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL |A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |90-100|85-100|50-100|25-80 | 25-40 | 9-18

 | | loam, sandy | | A-6 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |37-60|Gravelly loam, |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |60-100|55-100|50-100|25-80 | 16-40 | 2-18

 | | gravelly sandy | ML, CL | A-6 | | | | | | |

 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 HtB--------------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-25 |75-100|70-100|60-100|40-90 | <26 | 6-8

 Hatley | | | SC, SM-SC| | | | | | | |

 | 8-13|Cobbly silt loam,|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-2,| 0-25 |75-100|70-100|35-100|10-90 | <26 | NP-6

 | | loam, gravelly | SM-SC, SM| A-1-b | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |13-30|Loam, sandy loam,|SC, SM, |A-1, A-2,| 0-25 |75-100|70-100|40-100|20-90 | <30 | NP-10

 | | cobbly loam. | CL, ML | A-4 | | | | | | |

 |30-60|Loamy sand, sandy|SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2 | 0-25 |70-95 |60-95 |30-70 |10-35 | <20 | NP-4

 | | loam, gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 HyB--------------| 0-5 |Cobbly silt loam |CL, CL-ML,|A-4 |25-50 |75-100|70-100|60-100|40-90 | <26 | 6-8

 Hatley | | | SC, SM-SC| | | | | | | |

 | 5-14|Cobbly silt loam,|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-2,| 0-25 |75-100|70-100|35-100|10-90 | <26 | NP-6

 | | silt loam, loam.| SM-SC, SM| A-1-b | | | | | | |

 |14-32|Loam, sandy loam,|SC, SM, |A-1, A-2,| 0-25 |75-100|70-100|40-100|20-90 | <30 | NP-10

 | | gravelly sandy | CL, ML | A-4 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |32-60|Loamy sand, sandy|SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2 | 0-25 |70-95 |60-95 |30-70 |10-35 | <20 | NP-4

 | | loam, gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 KaB, KaC, KaD2---| 0-8 |Sandy loam-------|SM, SM-SC,|A-2, A-4,| 0-25 |75-100|75-100|45-85 |20-55 | <23 | 2-6

 Kennan | | | ML, CL-ML| A-1 | | | | | | |

 | 8-16|Sandy loam, silt |SM, SM-SC,|A-4, A-2,| 0-25 |75-100|75-100|35-100|12-90 | <23 | NP-6

 | | loam, loamy | ML, CL-ML| A-1-b | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |16-40|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-25 |75-100|75-100|40-100|20-90 | <30 | NP-10

 | | sandy loam, | ML, CL | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |40-48|Sandy loam, loam,|SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-25 |75-95 |70-95 |40-90 |12-70 | <30 | NP-9

 | | loamy sand. | ML, CL | A-1 | | | | | | |

 |48-60|Loamy sand, sandy|SP-SM, SM,|A-1-b, | 0-25 |65-95 |60-85 |30-70 |10-25 | <20 | NP-5

 | | loam, gravelly | SM-SC | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
210 Soil Survey of

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 KeB, KeC, KeE----| 0-3 |Sandy loam-------|SM-SC, SM,|A-2, A-4,|25-50 |75-100|75-100|45-85 |20-55 | <23 | 2-6

 Kennan | | | ML, CL-ML| A-1 | | | | | | |

 | 3-21|Sandy loam, silt |SM, SM-SC,|A-1-b, | 0-25 |75-100|75-100|35-100|12-90 | <25 | NP-6

 | | loam, loamy | ML, CL-ML| A-2, A-4| | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |21-44|Sandy loam, fine |SM, ML, |A-4, A-1,| 0-25 |75-100|75-100|40-100|20-90 | <30 | NP-10

 | | sandy loam, | CL, SM | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |44-56|Sandy loam, loam,|SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-25 |75-95 |70-95 |40-90 |12-70 | <30 | NP-9

 | | loamy sand. | ML, CL | A-1 | | | | | | |

 |56-60|Loamy sand, sandy|SP-SM, SM,|A-1-b, | 0-25 |65-95 |60-95 |30-70 |10-25 | <20 | NP-5

 | | loam, gravelly | SM-SC | A-2-4 | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 LDF. | | | | | | | | | | |

 Landfill | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 LoB, LoC---------| 0-9 |Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0-9 |90-100|85-100|75-100|70-85 | 21-26 | 4-8

 Loyal | 9-20|Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-9 |90-100|85-100|75-100|70-85 | 21-35 | 4-15

 |20-49|Loam, sandy clay |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-15 |55-100|50-90 |25-75 |15-60 | 25-32 | 7-15

 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | |

 |49-60|Loam, sandy clay |SC, SC-SM,|A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |55-100|50-90 |25-75 |15-60 | 25-32 | 7-13

 | | loam, sandy | CL, CL-ML| A-6 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MaB--------------| 0-10|Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-15 |95-100|90-100|85-100|65-100| <28 | 2-10

 Magnor | | | ML | | | | | | | |

 |10-16|Silt loam, silt |CL, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-15 |95-100|90-100|85-100|65-100| <35 | NP-10

 | | | ML | | | | | | | |

 |16-50|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, CL-ML,|A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |75-100|70-100|40-90 |20-70 | <25 | NP-7

 | | gravelly sandy | SM, SM-SC| A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |50-60|Sandy loam, loam,|ML, CL-ML,|A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |75-100|70-100|40-90 |20-70 | <25 | NP-6

 | | gravelly sandy | SM, SM-SC| A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MbB, MbC, MbE----| 0-8 |Loamy sand-------|SM, SM-SC |A-2, A-1 | 0-2 |95-100|60-90 |40-85 |15-30 | <20 | NP-4

 Mahtomedi | 8-24|Loamy sand, sand,|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3,| 0-15 |70-95 |50-90 |30-70 | 5-25 | <20 | NP

 | | gravelly loamy | | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |24-60|Sand, gravelly |SP, SM, |A-2, A-3,| 0-15 |55-95 |50-90 |30-70 | 2-15 | <20 | NP

 | | coarse sand, | SP-SM | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 McA--------------| 0-7 |Loamy sand-------|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-1 | 0-2 |95-100|60-90 |40-85 |10-25 | <20 | NP-4

 Mahtomedi | 7-19|Loamy coarse |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-1 | 0-2 |75-95 |60-90 |30-70 |10-25 | <20 | NP-4

 | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |19-37|Gravelly coarse |SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3,| 0-15 |70-95 |50-90 |30-70 | 5-15 | <20 | NP

 | | sand, coarse | | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | sand, sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |37-60|Gravelly sand, |SP, SM, |A-2, A-3,| 0-15 |55-95 |50-90 |30-70 | 2-15 | <20 | NP

 | | gravelly coarse | SP-SM | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | sand, coarse | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 211

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MdB*, MdC*-------| 0-7 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 0-3 |80-100|75-100|70-100|55-100| 17-32 | 1-13

 Marathon | | | CL | | | | | | | |

 | 7-18|Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0-3 |80-100|75-100|70-100|70-100| <20 | 1-6

 |18-29|Silt loam, very |CL, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-3 |80-100|75-100|65-100|35-100| 20-30 | 4-9

 | | fine sandy loam.| SC, SM-SC| | | | | | | |

 |29-38|Very gravelly |GM, GC, |A-2, A-1 | 0-10 |30-85 |25-55 |15-40 |12-30 | <26 | NP-8

 | | coarse sandy | SM, SC | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, very | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |38-57|Extremely |SM |A-1 | 0 |70-100|40-100|20-30 |12-20 | --- | NP

 | | gravelly loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |57-60|Extremely |SM |A-1 | 0 |70-100|40-100|20-30 |12-20 | --- | NP

 | | gravelly loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy coarse | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MeC*-------------| 0-4 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 |25-50 |80-100|75-100|70-100|55-100| 17-32 | 1-13

 Marathon | | | CL | | | | | | | |

 | 4-12|Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0-25 |80-100|75-100|70-100|70-100| <20 | 1-6

 |12-18|Silt loam, very |CL, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-25 |80-100|75-100|65-100|35-100| 20-30 | 4-9

 | | fine sandy loam.| SC, SM-SC| | | | | | | |

 |18-26|Gravelly coarse |GM, GC, |A-2, A-1 | 0-10 |30-100|25-55 |20-40 |12-30 | <26 | NP-8

 | | sandy loam, | SM, SC | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loam, | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |26-41|Extremely |SM |A-1 | 0 |70-100|40-100|20-30 |12-20 | --- | NP

 | | gravelly loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |41-60|Extremely |SM |A-1 | 0 |70-100|40-100|20-30 |12-20 | --- | NP

 | | gravelly loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy coarse | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MfA--------------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-25 |80-100|75-100|70-100|60-100| 25-35 | 7-15

 Marshfield | 8-16|Silt loam, silt |ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 0-25 |80-100|75-100|70-100|60-100| 15-35 | 3-14

 | | | CL | | | | | | | |

 |16-23|Silt loam, silty |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0-25 |80-100|75-100|70-100|70-95 | 25-40 | 9-21

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |23-34|Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0-25 |80-100|75-100|70-100|50-95 | 25-40 | 8-21

 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | |

 |34-60|Sandy loam, silty|CL, ML, |A-4, A-6,| 0-25 |80-100|75-100|50-100|25-85 | 15-40 | 2-20

 | | clay loam, clay | SC, SM | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
212 Soil Survey of

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MgA--------------| 0-7 |Loam-------------|CL-ML, |A-4 | 0-8 |75-100|75-100|65-100|45-90 | <20 | 4-7

 Meadland | | | SM-SC | | | | | | | |

 | 7-16|Sandy loam, loam,|CL, ML, |A-2, A-4,| 0-8 |75-100|75-100|45-100|20-90 | <30 | NP-11

 | | silt loam. | SC, SM | A-6, | | | | | | |

 | | | | A-1-b | | | | | | |

 |16-41|Loam, sandy loam,|CL, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-8 |75-100|75-100|45-100|20-80 | <50 | NP-25

 | | clay loam. | ML, SM | A-6, A-7| | | | | | |

 |41-60|Gravelly loam, |ML, CL, |A-2, A-4,| 0-8 |55-100|55-100|25-100|15-80 | <45 | NP-25

 | | sandy loam, | SC, GC | A-6, A-7| | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MhA--------------| 0-5 |Loam-------------|CL-ML, |A-4 |25-50 |75-100|75-100|65-100|45-90 | <20 | 4-7

 Meadland | | | SM-SC | | | | | | | |

 | 5-15|Sandy loam, loam,|CL, ML, |A-2, A-4,| 0-8 |75-100|75-100|45-100|20-90 | <30 | NP-11

 | | silt loam. | SC, SM | A-6, A-1| | | | | | |

 |15-25|Loam, sandy loam,|CL, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-8 |75-100|75-100|45-100|20-80 | <50 | NP-25

 | | clay loam. | ML, SM | A-6, A-7| | | | | | |

 |25-60|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, CL, |A-2, A-4,| 0-8 |55-100|55-100|25-100|15-80 | <45 | NP-25

 | | gravelly sandy | SC, GC | A-6, A-7| | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mm---------------| 0-10|Loamy sand-------|SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 |90-100|75-100|40-90 |15-30 | --- | NP

 Meehan |10-30|Sand, loamy sand |SM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-2,| 0 |90-100|75-100|40-90 | 3-30 | --- | NP

 | | | SP | A-3 | | | | | | |

 |30-60|Sand-------------|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3,| 0 |90-100|75-100|40-90 | 0-5 | --- | NP

 | | | | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mn---------------| 0-5 |Sandy loam-------|SM, SM-SC,|A-2, A-4 | 0-7 |80-100|75-100|45-85 |25-55 | <20 | NP-7

 Minocqua | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | |

 | 5-19|Silt loam, loam, |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,| 0-7 |80-100|75-100|45-100|25-90 | <35 | NP-13

 | | sandy loam. | CL, ML | A-6 | | | | | | |

 |19-23|Loamy coarse |SM, GM, |A-2, A-1,| 0-7 |50-100|50-100| 5-70 | 2-40 | <20 | NP-4

 | | sand, gravelly | GP, SP | A-3, A-4| | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |23-60|Gravelly coarse |SP, SM, |A-1, A-3,| 0-7 |35-100|30-100| 5-70 | 0-30 | --- | NP

 | | sand, sand, | GP, GM | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MoB*, MoC*-------| 0-4 |Gravelly silt |ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-3 |65-90 |50-85 |45-85 |35-75 | <26 | 2-8

 Moberg | | loam. | SM, SC | | | | | | | |

 | 4-12|Gravelly silt |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4,| 0-3 |50-95 |50-85 |25-75 |10-60 | <30 | NP-10

 | | loam, gravelly | GM-GC, ML| A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |12-20|Very gravelly |SM |A-1 | 0 |70-100|40-100|20-30 |12-20 | <30 | NP-6

 | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, very | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, extremely | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |20-60|Extremely |SM, SW-SM,|A-1 | 0 |70-100|40-100|20-35 | 5-20 | <30 | NP-4

 | | gravelly loamy | SP-SM | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy coarse | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 213

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MsB, MsC, MsD----| 0-7 |Sandy loam-------|SM, ML |A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |80-100|75-100|45-85 |20-55 | <20 | NP-4

 Mosinee | | | | A-1-b | | | | | | |

 | 7-19|Gravelly sandy |ML, SM, GM|A-2, A-4,| 5-20 |60-95 |50-90 |35-85 |15-65 | <20 | NP-4

 | | loam, very | | A-1-b | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |19-42|Gravelly sandy |GM, SM, |A-2, A-4,|10-65 |25-70 |15-70 |10-65 | 5-50 | <20 | NP-4

 | | loam, very | GP-GM, | A-3, A-1| | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | SP-SM | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, extremely | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | 42 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | bedrock. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MtC--------------| 0-7 |Sandy loam-------|SM, ML |A-2, A-4,|25-50 |80-100|75-100|45-85 |20-55 | <20 | NP-4

 Mosinee | | | | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | 7-18|Gravelly sandy |ML, SM, GM|A-2, A-4 | 5-20 |60-95 |50-90 |35-85 |25-65 | <20 | NP-4

 | | loam, fine sandy| | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |18-41|Gravelly sandy |GM, GP-GM,|A-1, A-2,|10-65 |25-70 |15-70 |10-65 | 5-50 | <20 | NP-4

 | | loam, very | SM, SP-SM| A-3, A-4| | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, extremely | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | 41 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | bedrock. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MyB*-------------| 0-12|Silt loam--------|CL-ML, ML,|A-4 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|75-100|60-90 | 20-30 | 3-10

 Mylrea | | | CL | | | | | | | |

 |12-28|Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|75-100|60-90 | 20-30 | 3-10

 | | | ML | | | | | | | |

 |28-38|Fine sandy loam, |CL, ML, |A-2, A-4,| 0 |75-100|70-100|35-95 |15-75 | <32 | NP-10

 | | gravelly fine | SC, SM | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |38-60|Extremely |SM |A-1, A-2 | 0 |70-100|40-100|20-65 |12-30 | <25 | NP-4

 | | gravelly loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MzB*-------------| 0-3 |Silt loam--------|CL-ML, ML,|A-4 |25-50 |90-100|85-100|75-100|60-90 | 20-30 | 3-10

 Mylrea | | | CL | | | | | | | |

 | 3-27|Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-25 |90-100|85-100|75-100|60-90 | 20-30 | 3-10

 | | | ML | | | | | | | |

 |27-39|Loam, gravelly |CL, ML, |A-2, A-4,| 0 |75-100|70-100|35-95 |15-75 | <32 | NP-10

 | | sandy loam, | SC, SM | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |39-60|Extremely |SM |A-1, A-2 | 0 |70-100|40-100|20-65 |12-30 | <25 | NP-4

 | | gravelly loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
214 Soil Survey of

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ne---------------| 0-3 |Mucky loamy sand |SM |A-2, | 0 |80-100|75-100|40-85 |12-35 | --- | NP

 Newson | | | | A-1-b | | | | | | |

 | 3-23|Loamy sand, sand |SM, SP-SM,|A-2, A-3,| 0 |80-100|75-100|45-75 | 3-30 | --- | NP

 | | | SP | A-1-b | | | | | | |

 |23-60|Sand-------------|SM, SP-SM,|A-2, A-3,| 0 |80-100|75-100|45-75 | 3-30 | --- | NP

 | | | SP | A-1-b | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Oe---------------| 0-7 |Loam-------------|CL-ML, |A-4 | 0-7 |80-100|75-100|65-95 |45-85 | 20-26 | 4-8

 Oesterle | | | SM-SC, | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL, SC | | | | | | | |

 | 7-27|Sandy loam, loam |CL-ML, CL,|A-2, A-4,| 0-7 |75-100|70-100|40-95 |20-75 | 20-30 | 4-10

 | | | SM-SC, SC| A-1 | | | | | | |

 |27-30|Sandy loam, loamy|SM, SP-SM,|A-2, A-1 | 0-7 |55-95 |55-95 |25-75 |10-35 | <23 | NP-6

 | | sand, gravelly | SM-SC, GM| | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |30-60|Gravelly sand, |SW, SP, |A-1, A-3,| 0-7 |35-95 |35-95 |15-70 | 0-30 | --- | NP

 | | sand, gravelly | GW, GP | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pg, Ph. | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Po---------------| 0-7 |Sandy loam-------|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-95 |30-55 | <20 | NP-4

 Plover | 7-28|Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|40-75 | <20 | NP-5

 | | sandy loam, | SM-SC, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 |28-42|Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |40-70 | <25 | NP-7

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | SM-SC | | | | | | | |

 |42-60|Stratified silt |SM, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |65-100|40-70 | <25 | NP-7

 | | loam to sand. | CL-ML, | | | | | | | |

 | | | SM-SC | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RbC, RbE---------| 0-4 |Cobbly silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4 |25-50 |80-95 |75-95 |70-95 |50-95 | 23-28 | 6-9

 Ribhill | 4-17|Cobbly silt loam,|CL, CL-ML,|A-4 | 5-50 |80-95 |75-95 |65-95 |45-85 | 23-28 | 6-9

 | | silt loam. | SC, SM-SC| | | | | | | |

 |17-35|Cobbly silt loam,|SC, SM-SC,|A-4 |30-60 |65-75 |60-75 |50-75 |35-70 | 23-28 | 6-9

 | | very cobbly silt| CL, CL-ML| | | | | | | |

 | | loam, gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | silt loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | 35 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | bedrock. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RcB--------------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-7 |85-100|85-100|80-100|60-100| 20-32 | 3-10

 Rietbrock | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 | 8-15|Silt loam, loam, |SM-SC, |A-4 | 0-7 |85-100|85-100|60-100|35-100| 20-25 | 4-7

 | | fine sandy loam.| CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 |15-29|Loam, gravelly |CL, GC, SC|A-2, A-6,| 7-25 |50-85 |50-80 |45-80 |20-65 | 30-45 | 11-25

 | | loam, gravelly | | A-7 | | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |29-45|Cobbly loam, very|CL, GC, |A-2, A-4,| 7-55 |30-75 |30-75 |20-75 |10-60 | 25-40 | 7-20

 | | cobbly sandy | SC, GP-GC| A-6 | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly clay | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | 45 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | bedrock, | | | | | | | | |

 | | unweathered | | | | | | | | |

 | | bedrock. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 215

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 ReB--------------| 0-5 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL, |A-4 |25-50 |85-100|85-100|80-100|60-100| 20-32 | 3-10

 Rietbrock | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 | 5-13|Silt loam, loam, |SM-SC, |A-4 | 0-10 |85-100|85-100|60-100|35-100| 20-25 | 4-7

 | | fine sandy loam.| CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 |13-34|Loam, gravelly |CL, GC, SC|A-2, A-6,| 7-25 |50-85 |50-80 |45-80 |20-65 | 30-45 | 11-25

 | | clay loam, | | A-7 | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |34-42|Cobbly loam, very|CL, GC, |A-2, A-4,| 7-55 |30-75 |30-75 |20-75 |10-60 | 25-40 | 7-20

 | | cobbly sandy | SC, GP-GC| A-6 | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | 42 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | bedrock, | | | | | | | | |

 | | unweathered | | | | | | | | |

 | | bedrock. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RhA--------------| 0-6 |Loamy sand-------|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 |75-100|75-100|40-75 |12-30 | --- | NP

 Rockers | 6-27|Loamy sand, sandy|SM, SM-SC,|A-2, A-4,| 0 |75-100|75-100|40-75 |12-40 | <23 | NP-6

 | | loam. | SP-SM | A-1 | | | | | | |

 |27-38|Gravelly loam, |GC, GM-GC,|A-4, A-1,| 0 |55-95 |55-90 |35-80 |20-65 | <28 | NP-9

 | | loam, sandy | CL, SC | A-2 | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |38-60|Gravelly loam, |GC, SM-SC,|A-4, A-1,| 0 |55-95 |55-90 |35-85 |20-70 | <32 | NP-13

 | | loam, gravelly | CL, SC | A-2, A-6| | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RoA, RoB---------| 0-10|Sandy loam-------|SM, SM-SC |A-2, A-1,| 0-8 |75-100|75-100|45-70 |20-40 | <25 | NP-4

 Rosholt | | | | A-4 | | | | | | |

 |10-17|Sandy loam, loam |SM, ML, |A-2, A-4,| 0-8 |75-100|75-100|35-95 |12-70 | <25 | NP-6

 | | | SM-SC, | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 |17-30|Gravelly sandy |SM, GM, |A-1, A-2,| 0-10 |50-100|45-100|25-70 |10-40 | <25 | NP-7

 | | loam, gravelly | SP-SM, | A-4 | | | | | | |

 | | loamy coarse | GP-GM | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |30-60|Stratified sand |GP, SP, |A-1, A-2,| 0-25 |20-100|20-100|10-65 | 0-10 | --- | NP

 | | to gravel. | SP-SM, | A-3 | | | | | | |

 | | | GP-GM | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RsA, RsB---------| 0-7 |Silt loam--------|SM-SC, |A-4 | 0-8 |75-100|70-100|60-95 |45-90 | <25 | 3-7

 Rosholt | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | |

 | | | SM, ML | | | | | | | |

 | 7-18|Loam, silt loam |SM, ML, |A-4 | 0-8 |75-100|70-100|60-95 |45-90 | <25 | NP-6

 | | | SM-SC, | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 |18-26|Sandy loam, loam |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,| 0-8 |75-100|70-100|35-95 |12-75 | <30 | NP-13

 | | | CL, ML | A-1, A-6| | | | | | |

 |26-34|Gravelly loamy |SM, GM, |A-1, A-2,| 0-10 |50-100|45-100|25-80 |10-50 | <25 | NP-7

 | | sand, sandy | SP-SM, | A-4 | | | | | | |

 | | loam, fine sandy| GP-GM | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |

 |34-60|Stratified sand |GP, SP, |A-1, A-2,| 0-25 |20-100|20-100|10-65 | 0-10 | --- | NP

 | | to gravel. | SP-SM, | A-3 | | | | | | |

 | | | GP-GM | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
216 Soil Survey of

 Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | | ____________________

 Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |ments | sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- ___________________________

 map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | > 3 | | | | | limit | ticity

 | | | | |inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 ScA--------------| 0-8 |Sandy loam-------|SM, SM-SC,|A-2, A-4,| 0-7 |85-100|75-100|45-70 |20-40 | <25 | 2-7

 Scott Lake | | | ML, CL-ML| A-1-b | | | | | | |

 | 8-29|Loam, sandy loam,|SC, CL, |A-2, A-4,| 0-7 |85-100|75-100|45-85 |25-55 | 20-35 | 3-13

 | | fine sandy loam.| SM, ML | A-6 | | | | | | |

 |29-33|Sandy loam, |SM, SW-SM,|A-1, A-2,| 0-35 |70-100|50-95 |20-80 | 7-50 | <25 | NP-6

 | | gravelly sandy | SP-SM, | A-3, A-4| | | | | | |

 | | loam, loamy | SM-SC | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |33-60|Sand, gravelly |SP, SM, |A-1, A-2,| 0-35 |30-95 |30-95 |20-65 | 0-10 | --- | NP

 | | coarse sand, | GP, GM | A-3 | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 SdA--------------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0-7 |85-100|75-100|65-100|45-95 | <25 | 3-7

 Scott Lake | | | SM, SM-SC| | | | | | | |

 | 8-28|Loam, silt loam |SC, CL, |A-2, A-4,| 0-7 |85-100|75-100|60-100|45-95 | 20-35 | 3-13

 | | | SM, ML | A-6 | | | | | | |

 |28-31|Sandy loam, |SM, SW-SM,|A-1, A-2,| 0-35 |70-100|50-95 |20-80 | 7-50 | <25 | NP-6

 | | gravelly sandy | SP-SM, | A-3, A-4| | | | | | |

 | | loam, loamy | SM-SC | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | |

 |31-60|Sand, gravelly |SP, SM, |A-1, A-2,| 0-35 |30-95 |30-85 |20-65 | 0-10 | --- | NP

 | | coarse sand, | GP, GM | A-3 | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Se---------------| 0-4 |Sapric material |PT |A-8 | 0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Seelyeville | 4-60|Sapric material |PT |A-8 | 0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 ShA--------------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|CL-ML, CL,|A-4 | 0-7 |90-100|90-100|80-100|60-95 | 20-30 | 3-10

 Sherry | | | ML | | | | | | | |

 | 8-18|Silt loam--------|ML |A-4 | 0-7 |90-100|90-100|80-100|70-95 | <20 | NP-4

 |18-26|Silt loam, silty |CL, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0-7 |90-100|90-100|80-100|60-95 | 20-40 | 5-20

 | | clay loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 |26-44|Loam, clay loam, |SC, CL, |A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |55-100|50-100|40-100|15-75 | 20-40 | 5-25

 | | gravelly sandy | SM-SC, | A-6, A-1| | | | | | |

 | | loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | |

 |44-60|Loam, sandy clay |SC, SM-SC,|A-2, A-4,| 0-15 |55-100|50-100|40-95 |15-75 | <35 | NP-15

 | | loam, gravelly | CL, CL-ML| A-6, A-1| | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 St---------------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 100 |85-100|85-100|60-90 | <25 | 2-7

 Sturgeon | 8-31|Silt loam, loam, |ML, SM, |A-4 | 0 | 100 |85-100|85-100|35-95 | <30 | NP-10

 | | sandy loam. | SC, CL | | | | | | | |

 |31-60|Sand, fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3,| 0 |95-100|85-100|35-80 | 5-35 | --- | NP

 | | loamy sand. | | A-1 | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 UoB, UoE. | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 WtA, WtB---------| 0-8 |Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0-15 |95-100|90-100|90-100|85-100| 20-30 | 5-10

 Withee | 8-25|Silt loam--------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-15 |95-100|90-100|90-100|85-100| 20-35 | 5-15

 |25-45|Loam, clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-7,| 0-15 |75-100|75-100|60-100|25-80 | 25-45 | 10-25

 | | sandy clay loam.| | A-2 | | | | | | |

 |45-60|Loam, clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-7,| 0-15 |75-100|75-100|50-100|30-80 | 20-45 | 7-25

 | | sandy clay loam.| | A-2, A-4| | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Sieve sizes, liquid limit, plasticity index, and Unified and AASHTO classifications are based on crushed

 material. The coarse fragments are mostly the result of the disintegration of crystalline rocks and crush to

 sand size quite easily.
Marathon County, Wisconsin 217

Table 16.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils

 (Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and

 "Organic matter" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not

 available or were not estimated)

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind |

 Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist |Permeability|Available| Soil |Shrink-swell | factors|erodi-|Organic ________

 map symbol | | | bulk | | water |reaction| potential | | |bility| matter

 | | | density | |capacity | | | K | T |group | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH | | | | | Pct __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 AbB--------------| 0-7 | 5-12|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24|5.1-7.3 |Low----------|0.32| 5 | 5 | 1-3

 Alban | 7-22| 3-15|1.60-1.75| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.22|5.1-7.3 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |22-38| 8-15|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.20|5.1-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |38-60| 1-12|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.05-0.22|5.1-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ad---------------| 0-3 |10-20|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24|5.1-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 4 | 5 | 4-16

 Altdorf | 3-12|20-30|1.45-1.55| 0.2-2.0 |0.18-0.22|3.6-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |

 |12-60|35-60|1.45-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.19|4.5-7.3 |High---------|0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 AmC--------------| 0-8 | 6-14|1.25-1.80| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 5 | 5 | 1-3

 Amery | 8-34| 6-18|1.70-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.04-0.18|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |34-60| 4-18|1.80-2.00| 0.0-0.2 |0.04-0.15|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 CbA--------------| 0-6 |12-16|1.10-1.35| 0.2-2.0 |0.10-0.20|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 5 | 8 | 3-7

 Cable | 6-20| 8-18|1.35-1.45| 0.2-2.0 |0.10-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |20-30| 8-16|1.40-1.90| 0.2-2.0 |0.03-0.18|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |30-60| 5-10|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.03-0.13|5.1-7.8 |Low----------|0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ch---------------| 0-5 | --- |0.28-0.45| 0.2-6.0 |0.45-0.55|4.5-7.8 |-------------|----| 2 | 2 | 60-85

 Cathro | 5-28| --- |0.15-0.30| 0.2-6.0 |0.35-0.45|4.5-7.8 |-------------|----| | |

 |28-60|10-30|1.50-1.70| 0.2-2.0 |0.11-0.22|5.6-8.4 |Low----------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 CkA, CkB, CkC, | | | | | | | | | | |

 CkE-------------| 0-8 | 4-12|1.35-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| 3 | 3 | 1-3

 Chetek | 8-13| 4-15|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.19|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |13-19|10-18|1.65-1.75| 2.0-20 |0.09-0.19|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |19-60| 1-6 |1.50-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.04|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Da---------------| 0-4 | 5-15|1.35-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|5.6-7.3 |Low----------|0.20| 5 | 3 | 1-3

 Dancy | 4-21| 5-15|1.40-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.07-0.17|5.6-7.3 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |21-41|18-30|1.50-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.19|5.6-7.3 |Moderate-----|0.32| | |

 |41-60|15-30|1.50-1.75| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.19|6.1-7.8 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 DoA--------------| 0-9 |10-20|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.43| 3 | 5 | 3-7

 Dolph | 9-15|10-35|1.35-1.55| 0.2-2.0 |0.17-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |15-37|35-70|1.45-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.20|3.6-5.5 |High---------|0.28| | |

 |37-60|25-50|1.40-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.20|5.1-6.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 DuB--------------| 0-8 | 5-10|1.35-1.55| 0.6-6.0 |0.12-0.22|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| 4 | 3 | 1-3

 Dunnville | 8-26|10-18|1.55-1.65| 0.6-6.0 |0.11-0.19|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.28| | |

 |26-36| 5-10|1.60-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.09-0.17|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.28| | |

 |36-60| 1-5 |1.60-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.03-0.07|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 FeC, FeD---------| 0-8 | 8-15|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.24|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| 3 | 5 | 2-4

 Fenwood | 8-18| 6-14|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.21|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |18-31|18-25|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.18|3.6-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |

 |31-43|18-25|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.06-0.16|3.6-5.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | 43 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 FfC, FfE---------| 0-9 | 8-15|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| 3 | 8 | 3-7

 Fenwood | 9-15| 6-14|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.21|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |15-27|18-25|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.18|3.6-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |

 |27-45|18-25|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.06-0.16|3.6-5.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | 45 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
218 Soil Survey of

 Table 16.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind |

 Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist |Permeability|Available| Soil |Shrink-swell | factors|erodi-|Organic ________

 map symbol | | | bulk | | water |reaction| potential | | |bility| matter

 | | | density | |capacity | | | K | T |group | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH | | | | | Pct __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 FgB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fenwood---------| 0-8 | 8-15|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.24|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| 3 | 5 | 2-4

 | 8-18| 6-14|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.21|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |18-31|18-25|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.18|3.6-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |

 |31-43|18-25|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.06-0.16|3.6-5.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | 43 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rozellville-----| 0-9 | 7-20|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.24|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.37| 4 | 5 | 2-3

 | 9-14| 6-24|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.22|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |14-35|18-30|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.19|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |35-60|10-27|1.35-1.75| 0.6-2.0 |0.02-0.19|5.1-6.0 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fh---------------| 0-6 |10-23|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.24|5.6-8.4 |Low----------|0.32| 4 | 8 | 4-12

 Fordum | 6-30| 8-18|1.40-1.50| 0.6-6.0 |0.10-0.22|5.6-8.4 |Low----------|0.43| | |

 |30-60| 2-5 |1.55-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.10|5.6-8.4 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 FnB, FnC---------| 0-9 | 5-18|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 5 | 5 | 1-3

 Freeon | 9-16| 5-18|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |16-21| 5-18|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |21-35| 3-27|1.70-1.80| 0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.18|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |35-60| 3-27|1.80-1.95| <0.06 | 0. |5.1-7.8 |Low----------|0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 GcB--------------| 0-9 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.06-0.12|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.10| 5 | 2 | .5-2

 Graycalm | 9-26| 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-7.8 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 |26-52| 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.09|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 |52-60| 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.06|5.6-8.4 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Gm---------------| 0-9 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.06-0.12|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.10| 5 | 2 | .5-2

 Graycalm | 9-25| 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-7.8 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 |25-49| 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.09|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 |49-60| 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.06|5.6-8.4 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Gr---------------| 0-4 | --- |0.30-0.40| 6.0-20 |0.55-0.65|3.6-4.4 |-------------|----| 3 | 5 | 55-75

 Greenwood | 4-60| --- |0.10-0.25| 0.6-6.0 |0.45-0.55|3.6-4.4 |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 GuB--------------| 0-9 | 2-10|1.35-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.09-0.12|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.10| 5 | 2 | .5-1

 Guenther | 9-31| 1-10|1.60-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.11|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |31-37|18-30|1.60-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.19|4.5-6.5 |Moderate-----|0.24| | |

 |37-60| 8-30|1.60-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.06-0.19|5.1-6.5 |Moderate-----|0.32| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 HtB--------------| 0-8 |12-16|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.24|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| 5 | 5 | 2-4

 Hatley | 8-13| 3-12|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |13-30| 5-18|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |30-60| 4-10|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.06-0.12|4.5-7.8 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 HyB--------------| 0-5 |12-16|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.20|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| 5 | 8 | 3-7

 Hatley | 5-14| 3-12|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |14-32| 5-18|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |32-60| 4-10|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.12|4.5-7.8 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 KaB, KaC, KaD2---| 0-8 | 5-12|1.20-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.18|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| 5 | 3 | 1-3

 Kennan | 8-16| 3-12|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |16-40| 5-18|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |40-48| 5-18|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.04-0.18|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |48-60| 3-10|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.04-0.13|5.1-7.3 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 KeB, KeC, KeE----| 0-3 | 5-12|1.20-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.06-0.15|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| 5 | 8 | 2-5

 Kennan | 3-21| 3-12|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |21-44| 5-18|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |44-56| 5-18|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.04-0.18|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |56-60| 3-10|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.03-0.12|5.1-7.3 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 219

 Table 16.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind |

 Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist |Permeability|Available| Soil |Shrink-swell | factors|erodi-|Organic ________

 map symbol | | | bulk | | water |reaction| potential | | |bility| matter

 | | | density | |capacity | | | K | T |group | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH | | | | | Pct __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 LDF. | | | | | | | | | | |

 Landfill | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 LoB, LoC---------| 0-9 |10-16|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 5 | 5 | 1-3

 Loyal | 9-20|10-25|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.43| | |

 |20-49|15-25|1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.2 |0.06-0.16|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.32| | |

 |49-60|15-22|1.80-1.95| <0.06 | 0. |4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MaB--------------| 0-10| 5-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.24|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| 5 | 5 | 1-3

 Magnor |10-16| 5-18|1.60-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |16-50| 3-12|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.18|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |50-60| 3-12|1.80-1.95| <0.06 | 0. |4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MbB, MbC, MbE----| 0-8 | 2-15|1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.10-0.12|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| 5 | 2 | <1

 Mahtomedi | 8-24| 2-15|1.45-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 |24-60| 0-10|1.45-1.75| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.09|5.1-7.8 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 McA--------------| 0-7 | 2-15|1.40-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.07-0.11|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| 5 | 2 | <1

 Mahtomedi | 7-19| 2-15|1.45-1.75| 6.0-20 |0.06-0.10|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |19-37| 0-10|1.45-1.75| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.10|5.1-7.8 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 |37-60| 0-10|1.45-1.75| 6.0-20 |0.03-0.06|5.1-7.8 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MdB, MdC---------| 0-7 | 6-20|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 4 | 5 | 2-4

 Marathon | 7-18| 4-12|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |18-29|10-18|1.50-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |29-38| 7-15|1.45-1.55| 0.6-6.0 |0.02-0.15|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |38-57| 2-8 |1.45-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.02-0.10|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 |57-60| 0-5 |1.50-1.80| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.04|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MeC--------------| 0-4 | 6-20|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 4 | 8 | 3-7

 Marathon | 4-12| 4-12|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.14-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |12-18|10-18|1.50-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.14-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |18-26| 7-15|1.45-1.55| 0.6-6.0 |0.02-0.15|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |26-41| 2-8 |1.45-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.02-0.10|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 |41-60| 0-5 |1.50-1.80| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.04|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MfA--------------| 0-8 |15-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.24|3.6-6.5 |Low----------|0.32| 5 | 6 | 3-16

 Marshfield | 8-16| 8-23|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.24|3.6-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |16-23|18-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.14-0.22|3.6-6.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |

 |23-34|16-30|1.55-1.75| 0.2-2.0 |0.12-0.20|4.5-7.3 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |

 |34-60| 8-30|1.80-1.95| 0.2-2.0 |0.11-0.20|5.6-7.3 |Moderate-----|0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MgA--------------| 0-7 |10-15|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.24|5.6-7.3 |Low----------|0.32| 5 | 5 | 1-3

 Meadland | 7-16|10-20|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.22|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |16-41|18-30|1.40-1.70| 0.2-2.0 |0.10-0.19|4.5-6.0 |Moderate-----|0.32| | |

 |41-60| 5-30|1.35-1.75| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.19|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.32| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MhA--------------| 0-5 |10-15|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20|5.6-7.3 |Low----------|0.32| 5 | 8 | 3-7

 Meadland | 5-15|10-20|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.22|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |15-25|18-30|1.40-1.70| 0.2-2.0 |0.10-0.19|4.5-6.0 |Moderate-----|0.32| | |

 |25-60| 5-30|1.35-1.75| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.19|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.32| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mm---------------| 0-10| 4-10|1.35-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.10-0.12|3.6-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| 5 | 2 | .5-3

 Meehan |10-30| 4-9 |1.60-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.06-0.11|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |30-60| 1-4 |1.60-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.07|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mn---------------| 0-5 | 5-10|1.20-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.15|4.5-7.8 |Low----------|0.24| 4 | 3 | 4-10

 Minocqua | 5-19|10-18|1.50-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.19|4.5-7.8 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |19-23| 3-10|1.65-1.75| 2.0-20 |0.06-0.13|4.5-7.8 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 |23-60| 0-3 |1.75-1.85| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.04|4.5-7.8 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
220 Soil Survey of

 Table 16.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind |

 Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist |Permeability|Available| Soil |Shrink-swell | factors|erodi-|Organic ________

 map symbol | | | bulk | | water |reaction| potential | | |bility| matter

 | | | density | |capacity | | | K | T |group | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH | | | | | Pct __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MoB, MoC---------| 0-4 | 8-16|1.35-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.14-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.32| 3 | 8 | 2-8

 Moberg | 4-12|12-18|1.55-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.07-0.15|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.28| | |

 |12-20| 3-12|1.55-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.11|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |20-60| 0-5 |1.50-1.80| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.04|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MsB, MsC, MsD----| 0-7 | 4-8 |1.35-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.09-0.18|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| 3 | 3 | 2-3

 Mosinee | 7-19| 1-10|1.55-1.65| 0.6-6.0 |0.09-0.19|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |19-42| 1-10|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.02-0.15|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 | 42 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MtC--------------| 0-7 | 4-8 |1.35-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.06-0.15|5.6-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| 3 | 8 | 2-5

 Mosinee | 7-18| 1-10|1.55-1.65| 0.6-6.0 |0.09-0.19|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |18-41| 1-10|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.02-0.15|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 | 41 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MyB--------------| 0-12|10-14|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| 4 | 5 | 2-4

 Mylrea |12-28| 7-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |28-38| 4-18|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.03-0.18|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |38-60| 3-10|1.55-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.05|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 MzB--------------| 0-3 |10-14|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.20|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| 4 | 8 | 3-7

 Mylrea | 3-27| 7-18|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |27-39| 4-18|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.03-0.18|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |39-60| 3-10|1.55-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.05|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ne---------------| 0-3 | 4-12|1.35-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.08-0.13|3.6-6.0 |Low----------|0.10| 5 | 2 | 4-15

 Newson | 3-23| 1-4 |1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.11|3.6-5.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |23-60| 1-4 |1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.10|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Oe---------------| 0-7 |10-15|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.24|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.32| 4 | 5 | 2-3

 Oesterle | 7-27|10-18|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.19|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |27-30| 6-12|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.13|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |30-60| 1-6 |1.55-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.09|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pg, Ph. | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Po---------------| 0-7 | 3-8 |1.35-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| 5 | 3 | 2-3

 Plover | 7-28| 5-18|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |28-42|10-18|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |42-60| 1-12|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.22|5.6-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RbC, RbE---------| 0-4 | 6-18|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.17|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.37| 3 | 8 | 6-10

 Ribhill | 4-17| 6-18|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.15|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.28| | |

 |17-35| 6-18|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.15|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.28| | |

 | 35 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RcB--------------| 0-8 | 9-14|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 3 | 5 | 2-4

 Rietbrock | 8-15| 8-12|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |15-29|18-35|1.45-1.65| 0.2-2.0 |0.08-0.16|4.5-7.3 |Moderate-----|0.28| | |

 |29-45|15-32|1.50-1.75| 0.2-2.0 |0.03-0.15|5.1-7.8 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | 45 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 ReB--------------| 0-5 | 9-14|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.17|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 3 | 8 | 3-7

 Rietbrock | 5-13| 8-12|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |13-34|18-35|1.45-1.65| 0.2-2.0 |0.08-0.16|4.5-7.3 |Moderate-----|0.28| | |

 |34-42|15-32|1.50-1.75| 0.2-2.0 |0.03-0.15|5.1-7.8 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | 42 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Marathon County, Wisconsin 221

 Table 16.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind |

 Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist |Permeability|Available| Soil |Shrink-swell | factors|erodi-|Organic ________

 map symbol | | | bulk | | water |reaction| potential | | |bility| matter

 | | | density | |capacity | | | K | T |group | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | pH | | | | | Pct __ ___ ____ _____ _____ __ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RhA--------------| 0-6 | 2-8 |1.35-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.09-0.12|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.15| 5 | 2 | 1-2

 Rockers | 6-27| 4-12|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.08-0.14|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.17| | |

 |27-38|10-18|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.17|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |38-60| 8-22|1.70-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.07-0.17|4.5-6.0 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RoA, RoB---------| 0-10| 4-10|1.50-1.60| 0.6-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| 4 | 3 | 1-3

 Rosholt |10-17| 3-12|1.70-1.80| 0.6-6.0 |0.10-0.18|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |17-30| 4-15|1.55-1.65| 0.6-6.0 |0.04-0.14|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 |30-60| 0-5 |1.50-1.80| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.04|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 RsA, RsB---------| 0-7 | 7-13|1.50-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 4 | 5 | 2-3

 Rosholt | 7-18| 3-12|1.70-1.80| 0.6-6.0 |0.18-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.32| | |

 |18-26| 6-15|1.65-1.75| 0.6-6.0 |0.12-0.19|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |26-34| 4-15|1.55-1.65| 0.6-6.0 |0.04-0.16|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 |34-60| 0-5 |1.50-1.80| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.04|5.1-6.5 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 ScA--------------| 0-8 | 6-15|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| 4 | 3 | 1-3

 Scott Lake | 8-29| 8-18|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.17|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |29-33| 5-12|1.55-1.80| 0.6-2.0 |0.05-0.13|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |33-60| 0-5 |1.55-1.80| 6.0-20 |0.01-0.04|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 SdA--------------| 0-8 |10-15|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.37| 4 | 5 | 2-3

 Scott Lake | 8-28| 8-18|1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.32| | |

 |28-31| 5-12|1.55-1.80| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.13|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.24| | |

 |31-60| 0-5 |1.55-1.80| 6.0-20 |0.01-0.04|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Se---------------| 0-4 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.2-6.0 |0.35-0.45|4.5-8.4 |-------------|----| 3 | 2 | >25

 Seelyeville | 4-60| --- |0.10-0.25| 0.2-6.0 |0.35-0.45|4.5-8.4 |-------------|----| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 ShA--------------| 0-8 | 8-20|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.19-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 5 | 5 | 4-16

 Sherry | 8-18| 4-10|1.60-1.70| 0.2-2.0 |0.19-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |18-26|12-30|1.55-1.65| 0.2-2.0 |0.15-0.22|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |26-44|18-30|1.65-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.19|4.5-7.3 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |

 |44-60| 8-25|1.65-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.04-0.19|5.1-7.8 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 St---------------| 0-8 | 2-15|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.43| 4 | 5 | 2-3

 Sturgeon | 8-31| 5-18|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.22|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.28| | |

 |31-60| 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.07|4.5-6.5 |Low----------|0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 UoB, UoE. | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 WtA, WtB---------| 0-8 |12-18|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.19-0.24|4.5-7.3 |Low----------|0.37| 5 | 5 | 3-4

 Withee | 8-25|12-22|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22|4.5-5.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 |25-45|18-25|1.75-1.85| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |

 |45-60|12-22|1.80-1.95| <0.06 | 0. |4.5-5.5 |Low----------|0.37| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 17.--Soil and Water Features ("Flooding" and "water table" and terms such as "rare," "brief," "apparent," and "perched" are explained in t

 < means less than; > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern o estimated) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Flooding | High water table | Bedrock | |  _____________________________________________________________________  Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | |Total |Potentia map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Depth|Hard- |subsi-| frost  |group | | | | | | | | ness | dence| action  ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Ft | | | In | | In |  __ __ __ | | | | | | | | | | |  AbB-------------| B |None--------| --- | --- |2.5-3.5|Perched |Sep-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Alban | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Ad--------------| D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-1.0|Perched |Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Altdorf | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  AmC-------------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Amery | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  CbA-------------| B/D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-1.0|Apparent|Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Cable | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Ch--------------| A/D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-1.0|Apparent|Nov-Jun| >60 | --- |19-22 |High---- Cathro | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  CkA, CkB, CkC, | | | | | | | | | | |  CkE------------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- | --- |Low----- Chetek | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Da--------------| B/D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-1.0|Apparent|Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Dancy | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  DoA-------------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-3.0|Perched |Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Dolph | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  DuB-------------| B |Rare--------| --- | --- |3.0-6.0|Apparent|Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |Low----- Dunnville | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  FeC, FeD, FfC, | | | | | | | | | | |  FfE------------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |40-60|Hard | --- |Moderate  Fenwood | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  FgB: | | | | | | | | | | |  Fenwood--------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |40-60|Hard | --- |Moderate  | | | | | | | | | | |  Rozellville----| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  | | | | | | | | | | |  Fh--------------| D |Frequent----|Long------|Mar-Jun| +1-1.0|Apparent|Jan-Dec| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Fordum | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  FnB, FnC--------| B |None--------| --- | --- |2.0-3.5|Perched |Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Freeon | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
 Table 17.--Soil and Water Features--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Flooding | High water table | Bedrock | |  _____________________________________________________________________  Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | |Total |Potentia map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Depth|Hard- |subsi-| frost  |group | | | | | | | | ness | dence| action  ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Ft | | | In | | In |  __ __ __ | | | | | | | | | | |  GcB-------------| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- | --- |Low----- Graycalm | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Gm--------------| A |None--------| --- | --- |2.5-4.5|Apparent|Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |Low----- Graycalm | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Gr--------------| A/D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-1.0|Apparent|Sep-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Greenwood | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  GuB-------------| B |None--------| --- | --- |2.5-6.0|Perched |Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |Low----- Guenther | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  HtB, HyB--------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-3.0|Apparent|Oct-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Hatley | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  KaB, KaC, KaD2, | | | | | | | | | | |  KeB, KeC, KeE--| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Kennan | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  LDF. | | | | | | | | | | |  Landfill | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  LoB, LoC--------| B |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-2.5|Perched |Nov-Apr| >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Loyal | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  MaB-------------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-3.0|Perched |Sep-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Magnor | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  MbB, MbC, MbE---| A |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- | --- |Low----- Mahtomedi | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  McA-------------| A |None--------| --- | --- |2.5-6.0|Apparent|Nov-Apr| >60 | --- | --- |Low----- Mahtomedi | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  MdB, MdC, MeC---| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Marathon | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  MfA-------------| B/D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-1.0|Perched |Oct-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Marshfield | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  MgA, MhA--------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-2.5|Perched |Nov-Apr| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Meadland | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Mm--------------| B |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-3.0|Apparent|Oct-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Meehan | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
 Table 17.--Soil and Water Features--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Flooding | High water table | Bedrock | |  _____________________________________________________________________  Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | |Total |Potentia map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Depth|Hard- |subsi-| frost  |group | | | | | | | | ness | dence| action  ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Ft | | | In | | In |  __ __ __ | | | | | | | | | | |  Mn--------------| B/D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-1.0|Apparent|Oct-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Minocqua | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  MoB, MoC--------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- | --- |Low----- Moberg | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  MsB, MsC, MsD, | | | | | | | | | | |  MtC------------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |40-60|Hard | --- |Moderate  Mosinee | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  MyB, MzB--------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-3.0|Apparent|Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Mylrea | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Ne--------------| A/D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-1.0|Apparent|Oct-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Newson | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Oe--------------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-3.0|Apparent|Oct-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Oesterle | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Pg, Ph. | | | | | | | | | | |  Pits | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Po--------------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-3.0|Apparent|Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Plover | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  RbC, RbE--------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |20-40|Hard | --- |Moderate  Ribhill | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  RcB, ReB--------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-3.0|Perched |Nov-May|40-60|Hard | --- |High---- Rietbrock | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  RhA-------------| C |None--------| --- | --- |1.0-3.0|Apparent|Nov-Apr| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Rockers | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  RoA, RoB, RsA, | | | | | | | | | | |  RsB------------| B |None--------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Rosholt | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  ScA, SdA--------| B |None--------| --- | --- |2.5-6.0|Apparent|Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |Moderate  Scott Lake | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Se--------------| A/D |None--------| --- | --- | +2-0.0|Apparent|Oct-Jun| >60 | --- |50-55 |High---- Seelyeville | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  ShA-------------| B/D |None--------| --- | --- | +1-1.0|Perched |Nov-Jun| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Sherry | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
 Table 17.--Soil and Water Features--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Flooding | High water table | Bedrock | |  _____________________________________________________________________  Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | |Total |Potentia map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Depth|Hard- |subsi-| frost  |group | | | | | | | | ness | dence| action  ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Ft | | | In | | In |  __ __ __ | | | | | | | | | | |  St--------------| B |Occasional |Brief-----|Mar-May|0.5-1.5|Apparent|Nov-May| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Sturgeon | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  UoB, UoE. | | | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  WtA, WtB--------| C |None--------| --- | --- |0.5-2.5|Perched |Oct-May| >60 | --- | --- |High---- Withee | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |  ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 18.--Engineering Index Test Data (Dashes indicate that data were not available. MAX means maximum dry density; OPT, optimum moisture; LL, liquid 

 plasticity index; UN, Unified; and NP, nonplastic) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Moisture | Percentage | Percentage |  | | | | density | passing sieve*-- | smaller than*-- |  _________________________________________________________  Soil name and | Parent | Report |Depth| | | | | | | | | | | LL  location | material | number | | MAX | OPT |No.| No.| No. | No. |0.05| 0.02|0.005 |0.002|  | | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | mm | mm | mm | mm | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | In |Lb/ | Pct | | | | | | | | | Pct  __ ___ ___ ___ | | | | cu ft| | | | | | | | | |  _____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Alban loam: |Stratified |S79WI-073-|22-38| --- | --- |100|100 | 88 | 48 | 43 | 31 | 16 | 11 | 23  NE1/4NW1/4 | loamy | 2-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 35, T. 29 | lacustrine |S79WI-073-|38-60| 112 | 13 |100|100 | 74 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 15  N., R. 10 E. | deposits. | 2-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dolph silt loam: |Silty deposits|S78WI-073-|15-37| --- | --- |100|100 | 96 | 85 | 83 | 76 | 63 | 58 | 86  SW1/4NW1/4 | and clayey | 4-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 28, T. 28 | glacial till |S78WI-073-|37-60| --- | --- | 98| 97 | 94 | 83 | 80 | 70 | 57 | 50 | 77  N., R. 9 E. | and residuum.| 4-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fenwood silt | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: |Silty deposits|S61WI-37-2|18-38| 123 | 12 | 95| 92 | 86 | 61 | 55 | 36 | 25 | 21 | 27  NW1/4NW1/4 | and loamy | -1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 27, T. 29 | glacial till |S61WI-37-2|38-50| 136 | 9 | 93| 92 | 84 | 31 | 27 | 16 | 10 | 8 | 17  N., R. 7 E. | and residuum.| -2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Freeon silt loam:|Silty deposits|S82WI-073-|21-31| --- | --- | 80| 76 | 66 | 50 | 47 | 32 | 18 | 14 | 34  NE1/4NE1/4 | and loamy | 7-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 6, T. 29 | glacial till.|S82WI-073-|31-60| --- | --- | 68| 63 | 53 | 38 | 20 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 33  N., R. 4 E. | | 7-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hatley silt loam,| | | | | | | | | | | | | |  bouldery: |Loamy deposits|S82WI-073-|20-32| --- | --- | 92| 89 | 77 | 48 | 45 | 30 | 15 | 10 | 27  SE1/4SW1/4 | and loamy or | 1-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 25, T. 18 | sandy glacial|S82WI-073-|32-44| --- | --- | 85| 76 | 57 | 21 | 20 | 15 | 8 | 6 | ---  N., R. 9 E. | till. | 1-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | |S82WI-073-|44-60| --- | --- | 92| 87 | 64 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 4 | ---  | | 1-3 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kennan sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam, bouldery: |Loamy deposits|S75WI-073-|31-42| --- | --- | 93| 87 | 70 | 30 | 26 | 18 | 8 | 6 | ---  NW1/4NE1/4 | and loamy or | 1-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 34, T. 28 | sandy glacial|S75WI-073-|42-54| --- | --- | 93| 89 | 74 | 33 | 29 | 20 | 10 | 7 | ---  N., R. 9 E. | till. | 1-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | |S75WI-073-|65-84| 132 | 8 | 86| 79 | 57 | 18 | 15 | 11 | 6 | 4 | ---  | | 1-3 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
 Table 18.--Engineering Index Test Data--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Moisture | Percentage | Percentage |  | | | | density | passing sieve*-- | smaller than*-- |  _________________________________________________________  Soil name and | Parent | Report |Depth| | | | | | | | | | |  location | material | number | | MAX | OPT |No.| No.| No. | No. |0.05| 0.02|0.005 |0.002|  | | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | mm | mm | mm | mm | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | In |Lb/ | Pct | | | | | | | | | P __ ___ ___ __ | | | | cu ft| | | | | | | | | |  _____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Magnor silt loam:|Silty deposits|S81WI-073-|10-24| --- | --- | 97| 95 | 91 | 78 | 73 | 47 | 19 | 13 |  Government lot | and loamy | 16-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  9, NE1/4NE1/4 | glacial till.|S81WI-073-|30-51| --- | --- |100| 98 | 87 | 41 | 35 | 25 | 15 | 11 |  sec. 6, T. 30 | | 16-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  N., R. 9 E. | |S81WI-073-|51-60| --- | --- | 85| 80 | 68 | 35 | 29 | 20 | 9 | 6 | - | | 16-3 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Marshfield silt | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: |Silty deposits|S76WI-73-1|16-34| --- | --- |100|100 | 97 | 91 | 88 | 60 | 32 | 25 |  SW1/4NW1/4 | and loamy | -1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 1, T. 26 | glacial till.|S76WI-73-1|34-60| --- | --- | 91| 86 | 74 | 50 | 47 | 26 | 13 | 9 |  N., R. 3 E. | | -2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Meadland loam: |Loamy deposits|S81WI-073-|16-24| --- | --- | 91| 85 | 76 | 37 | 33 | 21 | 7 | 5 | - SW1/4NE1/4 | and loamy | 18-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 20, T. 27 | glacial till |S81WI-073-|30-38| --- | --- |100|100 | 93 | 63 | 56 | 38 | 23 | 18 |  N., R. 8 E. | and residuum.| 18-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | |S81WI-073-|38-57| --- | --- |100|100 | 95 | 72 | 60 | 28 | 15 | 11 | - | | 18-3 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Moberg gravelly | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  silt loam: |Silty deposits|S75WI-73-2| 9-13| --- | --- | 92| 80 | 66 | 56 | 54 | 40 | 16 | 9 |  NE1/4NE1/4 | and residuum.| -1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 6, T. 27 | |S75WI-73-2|22-60| --- | --- | 74| 46 | 24 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 |  N., R. 6 E. | | -2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mosinee sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: |Loamy deposits|S81WI-073-| 7-19| --- | --- | 64| 61 | 47 | 26 | 22 | 16 | 7 | 4 | - SW1/4NW1/4 | and shattered| 17-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 3, T. 26 | bedrock. | | | | | | | | | | | | |  N., R. 7 E. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mylrea silt loam:|Silty deposits|S75WI-73-4|28-33| --- | --- | 98| 96 | 88 | 56 | 50 | 25 | 9 | 6 | - NW1/4NW1/4 | and loamy | -1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 3, T. 27 | glacial till |S75WI-73-4|38-60| --- | --- | 86| 80 | 64 | 29 | 25 | 16 | 8 | 6 | - N., R. 6 E. | and residuum.| -2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rietbrock silt | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: |Silty deposits|S82WI-073-|15-27| --- | --- | 74| 74 | 71 | 65 | 63 | 50 | 32 | 26 |  SW1/4NW1/4 | and gravelly | 2-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 26, T. 29 | and cobbly |S82WI-073-|27-42| --- | --- | 72| 71 | 66 | 58 | 55 | 44 | 28 | 22 |  N., R. 5 E. | loamy glacial| 2-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | till and | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | residuum. | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
 Table 18.--Engineering Index Test Data--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Moisture | Percentage | Percentage |  | | | | density | passing sieve*-- | smaller than*-- |  _________________________________________________________  Soil name and | Parent | Report |Depth| | | | | | | | | | | LL  location | material | number | | MAX | OPT |No.| No.| No. | No. |0.05| 0.02|0.005 |0.002|  | | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | mm | mm | mm | mm | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | In |Lb/ | Pct | | | | | | | | | Pct  __ ___ ___ ___ | | | | cu ft| | | | | | | | | |  _____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rockers loamy | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  sand: |Sandy deposits|S76WI-073-|21-32| --- | --- | 92| 81 | 71 | 30 | 25 | 14 | 5 | 4 | ---  NW1/4SW1/4 | and loamy | 2-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 29, T. 28 | glacial till |S76WI-073-|32-60| 127 | 8 | 95| 89 | 77 | 32 | 27 | 14 | 4 | 2 | ---  N., R. 7 E. | and residuum.| 2-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosholt sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: |Loamy deposits|S81WI-073-|10-18| --- | --- | 92| 85 | 63 | 30 | 27 | 18 | 8 | 6 | ---  NE1/4SW1/4 | and sand and | 19-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 3, T. 26 | gravel. |S81WI-073-|18-27| --- | --- | 82| 70 | 50 | 26 | 23 | 16 | 9 | 7 | ---  N., R. 9 E. | | 19-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosholt sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: |Loamy deposits|S78WI-073-|16-30| --- | --- | 95| 94 | 81 | 31 | 27 | 19 | 7 | 4 | 15  SE1/4NE1/4 | and sand and | 3-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 11, T. 28 | gravel. |S78WI-073-|30-39| --- | --- | 71| 62 | 38 | 16 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 18  N., R. 10 E. | | 3-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosholt silt | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: |Silty and |S80WI-073-| 9-34| --- | --- |100| 98 | 80 | 38 | 36 | 24 | 7 | 4 | ---  NE1/4SW1/4 | loamy | 1-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 14, T. 28 | deposits and | | | | | | | | | | | | |  N., R. 10 E. | sand and | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | gravel. | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rozellville silt | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  loam: |Silty deposits|S80WI-073-| 7-14| --- | --- | 95| 93 | 84 | 77 | 71 | 43 | 12 | 6 | ---  SW1/4SE1/4 | and loamy | 2-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 36, T. 30 | glacial till |S80WI-073-|14-35| --- | --- | 89| 84 | 68 | 56 | 53 | 32 | 14 | 10 | ---  N., R. 7 E. | and residuum.| 2-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | |S80WI-073-|35-60| --- | --- |100|100 | 63 | 36 | 32 | 20 | 10 | 7 | ---  | | 2-3 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sherry silt loam:|Silty deposits|S79WI-073-|18-38| --- | --- | 91| 87 | 78 | 68 | 64 | 48 | 20 | 13 | 27  NW1/4NW1/4 | and loamy | 3-1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 10, T. 29 | glacial till |S79WI-073-|38-60| --- | --- | 83| 76 | 61 | 46 | 43 | 33 | 14 | 9 | ---  N., R. 8 E. | and residuum.| 3-2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Withee silt loam:|Silty deposits|S74WI-38-1|25-39| --- | --- |100|100 | 92 | 63 | 57 | 41 | 26 | 22 | 31  NE1/4SW1/4 | and loamy | -1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 7, T. 27 | glacial till.|S74WI-38-1|45-60| 116 | 13 | 96| 94 | 84 | 55 | 50 | 38 | 26 | 22 | 30  N., R. 2 E. | | -2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
 Table 18.--Engineering Index Test Data--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Moisture | Percentage | Percentage |  | | | | density | passing sieve*-- | smaller than*-- |  _________________________________________________________  Soil name and | Parent | Report |Depth| | | | | | | | | | | LL  location | material | number | | MAX | OPT |No.| No.| No. | No. |0.05| 0.02|0.005 |0.002|  | | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | mm | mm | mm | mm | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | In |Lb/ | Pct | | | | | | | | | Pct  __ ___ ___ ___ | | | | cu ft| | | | | | | | | |  _____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Withee silt loam:|Silty deposits|S60WI-37-1|18-30| --- | --- |100|100 | 94 | 78 | 76 | 60 | 36 | 30 | 41  SW1/4SE1/4 | and loamy | -1 | | | | | | | | | | | |  sec. 30, T. 27 | glacial till.|S60WI-37-1|37-50| --- | --- |100|100 | 91 | 68 | 66 | 54 | 38 | 32 | 40  N., R. 2 E. | | -2 | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ * Mechanical analysis according to the AASHTO Designation T88-57 (1). Results from this procedure can differ results obtained by the soil survey procedure of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). In the AASHTmaterial is analyzed by hydrometer method and the various grain-size fractions are calculated on the basis of all including that 3 inches in diameter. In the NRCS soil survey procedure, the fine material is analyzed by the pipmaterial coarser than 2 millimeters in diameter is excluded from the calculation of grain-size fractions. The medata given in this table are not suitable for use in naming textural classes of soils.
230

Table 19.--Classification of the Soils

 (An asterisk in the first column indicates that the soil is a taxadjunct to the series. See text for a

 description of those characteristics of the soil that are outside the range of the series)

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

 Alban---------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Altdorf-------------------| Fine, mixed, frigid Aeric Glossaqualfs

 Amery---------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Cable---------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Typic Haplaquepts

 Cathro--------------------| Loamy, mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

 Chetek--------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Eutric Glossoboralfs

 Dancy---------------------| Fine-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Glossaqualfs

 Dolph---------------------| Fine, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 Dunnville-----------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Udic Haploborolls

 Fenwood-------------------| Fine-loamy, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Fordum--------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Mollic Fluvaquents

 Freeon--------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Graycalm------------------| Mixed, frigid Alfic Udipsamments

 Greenwood-----------------| Dysic Typic Borohemists

 *Guenther------------------| Sandy over loamy, mixed, frigid Alfic Haplorthods

 Hatley--------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 Kennan--------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Loyal---------------------| Fine-loamy, mixed Oxyaquic Glossoboralfs

 Magnor--------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 Mahtomedi-----------------| Mixed, frigid Typic Udipsamments

 Marathon------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Marshfield----------------| Fine-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Ochraqualfs

 Meadland------------------| Fine-loamy, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 Meehan--------------------| Mixed, frigid Aquic Udipsamments

 *Minocqua------------------| Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, nonacid, frigid Typic

 | Haplaquepts

 Moberg--------------------| Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Dystrochrepts

 Mosinee-------------------| Loamy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Dystrochrepts

 Mylrea--------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aquic Dystrochrepts

 *Newson--------------------| Mixed, frigid Humaqueptic Psammaquents

 Oesterle------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 Plover--------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 Ribhill-------------------| Loamy-skeletal, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Rietbrock-----------------| Fine-loamy, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 Rockers-------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aqualfic Haplorthods

 Rosholt-------------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Rozellville---------------| Fine-loamy, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Scott Lake----------------| Coarse-loamy, mixed Typic Glossoboralfs

 Seelyeville---------------| Euic Typic Borosaprists

 Sherry--------------------| Fine-loamy, mixed, frigid Udollic Ochraqualfs

 *Sturgeon------------------| Coarse-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, nonacid, frigid Aquic

 | Udifluvents

 Udorthents----------------| Loamy, mixed, frigid Udorthents

 Withee--------------------| Fine-loamy, mixed Aquic Glossoboralfs

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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