J-S05015-15 

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37 

IN RE: THE ADOPTION OF: S.L.B., JR. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF 

: PENNSYLVANIA 

:

:

:

APPEAL OF: S.B., SR., FATHER : No. 1517 WDA 2014 

Appeal from the Decree August 15, 2014, 

Court of Common Pleas, Erie County, 

Orphans’ Court at No: 12 in Adoption 2014 

BEFORE: DONOHUE, SHOGAN and STABILE, JJ. 

MEMORANDUM BY DONOHUE, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 06, 2015 

 S.B., Sr. (“Father”) appeals from the trial court’s August 15, 2014 

decree, which granted the petition filed by Erie County Office of Children and 

Youth (“the Agency”) to involuntarily terminate his parental rights to S.L.B., 

Jr. (“Child”) pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5) and (b) of the 

Adoption Act. For the reasons that follow, we affirm. 

 The trial court summarized the facts and procedural history of this 

case as follows: 

[Child] was born on September 2, 2011 to [B.D.] 

[(“Mother”)] and [Father]. Mother died from 

complications of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 

Disease on November 4, 2011 when [Child] was only 

two (2) months old. [Child] remained in the care of 

Father until [December 2012] when Father was 

incarcerated, then transferred to a treatment facility 

to address his addiction and mental health problems. 

On his own, Father arranged for [Child’s] maternal 

aunt to care for [Child] and [he] has been in her care 

since. 
J-S05015-15 

- 2 - 

On [April 14, 2013,] the Pennsylvania State Police 

responded to a phone complaint reporting [that 

Father] removed his son from the home of the 

maternal aunt. 

Father was staying at a hotel. When the police 

eventually found him they were concerned enough 

about his behavior to call [the Agency] for 

assistance. The caseworker arrived and efforts were 

made by both the police and the caseworker to coax 

Father into returning [Child] to his aunt. He refused 

to cooperate and clearly was behaving in a strange 

way. The [c]ourt [s]ummary dated February 24, 

2014 reports [that] Father acted “agitated and 

erratic” in his responses to the police and the 

caseworker. [Father] “was chanting and acting in a

bizarre manner.” Most disturbing, however, [Child], 

while in the custody of [Father], wore no socks, 

shoes or coat. Ultimately, the police called Crisis 

Services. They proceeded with an involuntary 

mental health commitment. A verbal [d]etention 

[o]rder was obtained for [Child], he was returned to 

his aunt [and] then adjudicated dependent on April 

25, 2013. 

A [d]ispositional [h]earing took place on May 22, 

2013 and a written [o]rder entered one week later. 

The goal at the time was to reunify Father with his

son. To achieve the goal, the [c]ourt ordered 

[Father] to refrain from using drugs or alcohol; 

complete drug and alcohol treatment and submit to 

random urine testing; complete parenting classes; 

demonstrate the ability to provide for the health, 

safety and welfare of [Child]; visit [Child] with all 

visits contingent on [Father]’s drug[-] and alcohol

free[-]state; secure employment; secure stable and 

safe housing; and pay child support. 

The first permanency review was held on October 2, 

2013 with a written [o]rder following the next day. 

The [c]ourt found Father had only moderately 

complied with the May permanency plan because he 

used drugs or alcohol on at least two occasions. The 
J-S05015-15 

- 3 - 

[c]ourt further found there was minimal progress 

toward alleviating the circumstances which 

necessitated the original placement. A review was 

scheduled in four months. The goal of reunification 

remained unchanged. 

Trial Court Opinion, 10/10/14, at 5-7. 

 A second permanency review hearing occurred on February 24, 2014. 

On February 27, 2014, the trial court ordered the permanency goal changed 

from reunification to adoption. On March 25, 2014, Father filed a timely 

notice of appeal from that order, and on August 27, 2014, this Court 

affirmed. See In re S.B., Jr., 495 WDA 2014 (August 27, 2014) 

(unpublished memorandum). On March 4, 2014, during the pendency of 

that appeal, the Agency filed a petition to involuntarily terminate Father’s 

parental rights to Child. On August 15, 2014, the trial court held a hearing 

on the petition, at the conclusion of which it ordered the involuntary 

termination of Father’s parental rights. On August 25, 2014, Father filed a 

post-trial motion for relief requesting reconsideration of the involuntary 

termination decree. The trial court denied this motion on August 27, 2014. 

On September 11, 2014, Father filed a timely notice of appeal and concise 

statement of the errors complained of on appeal. 

 On appeal, Father raises the following issues for our review and 

determination: 

1. Did the [trial court] commit an abuse of 

discretion or error of law when it concluded that the 
J-S05015-15 

- 4 - 

Agency established sufficient grounds for termination 

under 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1)? 

2. Did the [trial court] commit an abuse of 

discretion or error of law when it concluded that the 

Agency established sufficient grounds for termination 

under 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2)? 

3. Did the [trial court] commit an abuse of 

discretion or error of law when it concluded that the 

Agency established sufficient grounds for termination 

under 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(5)? 

 

4. Did the [trial court] commit an abuse of 

discretion or error of law when it concluded that 

termination of [Father]’s parental rights was in 

[Child]’s best interests under section 2511(b)? 

5. Was appointed-counsel ineffective in his 

representation of [Father] at the IVT trial? 

Father’s Brief at 7.1

We begin by addressing Father’s claims relating to sections 2511(a) 

and (b) of the Adoption Act. Our standard of review for cases involving the 

termination of parental rights is as follows: 

When reviewing an appeal from a decree terminating 

parental rights, we are limited to determining 

whether the decision of the trial court is supported 

by competent evidence. Absent an abuse of 

discretion, an error of law, or insufficient evidentiary 

support for the trial court’s decision, the decree must 

stand. Where a trial court has granted a petition to 

involuntarily terminate parental rights, this Court

must accord the hearing judge’s decision the same 

deference that we would give to a jury verdict. We

must employ a broad, comprehensive review of the 

 

1

 We reordered Father’s issues for ease of review. 
J-S05015-15 

- 5 - 

record in order to determine whether the trial court’s 

decision is supported by competent evidence. 

In re J.F.M., 71 A.3d 989, 992 (Pa. Super. 2013) (quoting In re R.N.J., 

985 A.2d 273, 276 (Pa. Super. 2009)). “The trial court is free to make all 

credibility determinations, and may believe all, part, or none of the evidence 

presented.” Id. Importantly, “[i]f the findings of the trial court are 

supported by competent evidence, we will affirm even if the record could 

also support the opposite result.” Id. 

 When deciding a case falling under section 2511, the trial court must 

engage in a bifurcated process. In re B.C., 36 A.3d 601, 606 (Pa. Super. 

2012). In that analysis, 

[t]he initial focus is on the conduct of the parent. 

The party seeking termination must prove by clear 

and convincing evidence that the parent’s conduct 

satisfies at least one of the nine statutory grounds in 

section 2511(a). If the trial court determines that 

the parent’s conduct warrants termination under 

section 2511(a), then it must engage in an analysis

of the best interests of the child under section 

2511(b), taking into primary consideration the 

developmental, physical, and emotional needs of the

child. 

Id. 

First, Father challenges the termination of his rights under section 

2511(a). We note that the trial court terminated Father’s parental rights to 

Child pursuant to subsections (1), (2), and (5) of section 2511(a). Notably, 

“[t]his Court may affirm the trial court’s decision regarding the termination 
J-S05015-15 

- 6 - 

of parental rights with regard to any one subsection of [s]ection 2511(a).” 

In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc). Accordingly, 

we focus our analysis on section 2511(a)(5). 

Section 2511(a)(5) provides: 

(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard 

to a child may be terminated after a petition filed on 

any of the following grounds: 

* * * 

(5) The child has been removed from the care 

of the parent by the court or under a voluntary 

agreement with an agency for a period of at 

least 6 months, the conditions which led to the 

removal or placement of the child continue to 

exist, the parent cannot or will not remedy 

those conditions within a reasonable period of 

time, the services or assistance reasonably 

available to the parent are not likely to remedy 

the conditions which led to the removal or 

placement of the child within a reasonable 

period of time and termination of parental 

rights would best serve the needs and welfare 

of the child. 

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(5). 

 The certified record on appeal supports the trial court’s decision to 

terminate Father’s parent rights under section 2511(a)(5). Child has been 

out of Father’s care for a period of at least six months as he was adjudicated 

dependent on April 25, 2013, and has remained in the care of his maternal 

aunt since that time. See N.T., 8/15/14, at 15-16. The record reflects that

Father has a history of abusing heroin, cocaine, and alcohol and that Father 
J-S05015-15 

- 7 - 

suffers from bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder. N.T., 

2/24/14, at 20. The trial court indicated that the conditions that led to the 

removal of Child from Father’s care were his drug and alcohol abuse and his 

mental health issues. See Trial Court Opinion, 10/10/14, at 5-6, 11-12. 

The certified record further reveals that the conditions that led to the 

removal of Child continue to exist and Father will not remedy those 

conditions within a reasonable time. Following the events of April 14, 2013, 

which led to Child’s removal from Father’s care, Father underwent an 

inpatient psychiatric evaluation at Saint Vincent Health Center (“Saint 

Vincent”). See Saint Vincent Psychiatric Evaluation, 4/16/13. This 

evaluation indicated that Father was suffering from bipolar disorder and that 

he was behaving in an anxious, impulsive, and psychotic manner. Id. at 3. 

This evaluation also revealed that Father was exhibiting “poor insight, poor 

judgment, and poor impulse control.” Id. Father’s discharge assessment 

indicated that his mental health gradually improved with medication. Saint 

Vincent Discharge Assessment, 5/1/13, at 1. Father’s discharge assessment 

instructed that Father was to continue taking medication for his bipolar 

disorder and follow-up with an outpatient psychiatrist. See id. at 2. 

After Child’s dependency adjudication, the trial court ordered Father to 

“successfully complete a mental health evaluation, comply with treatment 

recommendations, and demonstrate mental health stability.” Trial Court 

Order, 5/29/13, at 1-2. Patty Bush (“Bush”), a caseworker at the Agency, 
J-S05015-15 

- 8 - 

testified that Father received biweekly mental health therapy from Stairways 

Behavioral Health beginning in June 2013 through November 2013, at which 

time he was incarcerated for a probation violation.2 N.T., 8/15/14, 55-58. 

Since November 2013, Father has not been receiving any treatment for his 

mental health problems. Id. at 57, 59. Bush further testified that as of 

February 2014, around the time the trial court changed Child’s goal from 

reunification to adoption and just prior to the Agency filing the petition to 

terminate Father’s parent rights, Father continued to have the same mental 

health problems that led to Child’s dependency adjudication and was in no 

better position to raise Child. Id. at 60. 

Additionally, Father himself testified that he is not currently taking any 

medications or seeing a psychiatrist. Id. at 91. In fact, there is no evidence 

that Father has been taking medication for his mental health problems since 

he left Saint Vincent in early May 2013. Father stated that he is dealing with 

his mental health issues with the use of “spiritual principles” and “positive 

affirmations.” Id. at 92. Thus, Father admitted that, despite the trial 

court’s May 29, 2013 order in the dependency matter, he is not currently 

and has not recently been receiving treatment for his mental health 

diagnoses. See id. at 91-92; Trial Court Order, 5/29/13, at 1-2. Rather, 

Father believes that he is “in a real good place today,” and that he does not 

 

2

 The record indicates that Father was released from prison on December 9, 

2013. N.T., 8/15/14, at 33. 
J-S05015-15 

- 9 - 

need any other type of help for his mental health issues. See N.T., 8/15/14, 

at 92. Furthermore, Father’s probation officer testified that Father has told 

her that he does not believe that he has mental health problems and that he 

does not need any medications. Id. at 35. 

The trial court found the testimony regarding the state of Father’s 

mental health was credible and that Father’s contrary testimony was not 

worthy of belief. See Trial Court Opinion, 10/10/14, at 12-13. We are 

bound by this determination as “[t]he trial court is free to make all credibility 

determinations, and may believe all, part, or none of the evidence 

presented.” J.F.M., 71 A.3d at 992. Thus, the record reflects that the 

conditions that led to Child’s removal continue to exist and that Father is 

unwilling to remedy these conditions. See N.T., 8/15/14, at 35, 60, 91-92. 

Father argues that he recently met with a psychiatrist who diagnosed 

him with “situational depression” and told him that he did not need 

medication. Father’s Brief at 18-19. However, Father only relies on his own 

testimony to support this assertion and, as previously stated, the trial court 

found Father’s testimony was not credible. See Trial Court Opinion, 

10/10/14, at 12-13. Moreover, Father’s own testimony indicates that this 

psychiatrist instructed Father that medication was not necessary for his 

mental health problems only if he was active in counseling, and Father 

testified that he was not in counseling and does not believe he needs 
J-S05015-15 

- 10 - 

counseling. N.T., 8/15/14, at 90-92. Accordingly, this argument affords 

Father no relief. 

The record further supports a finding that termination of Father’s 

parental rights would best serve the needs and welfare of Child. As stated 

above, Father has failed to follow through with resolving his mental health 

issues, which served as a basis for the finding of dependency, as it left Child 

without proper parental care and control as required by law. See 42 

Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(1). Child has lived with his maternal aunt fulltime since 

April 2013. See N.T., 8/15/14, at 15-16. Child’s maternal aunt provides 

day-to-day comfort and care for Child and takes him to all of his medical 

appointments. Id. at 61. Bush testified that terminating Father’s parental 

rights would provide Child with the stability and permanency that he needs. 

Id. at 60-61. Therefore, the Agency produced sufficient evidence to permit 

the termination of Father’s parental rights pursuant to section 2511(a)(5). 

Father also challenges the trial court’s determination with regard to 

section 2511(b). Section 2511(b) provides: 

(b) Other considerations.--The court in 

terminating the rights of a parent shall give primary 

consideration to the developmental, physical and 

emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights 

of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the 

basis of environmental factors such as inadequate 

housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical 

care if found to be beyond the control of the parent. 
J-S05015-15 

- 11 - 

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b). When undertaking this inquiry, the trial court must 

consider whether termination of parental rights would best serve the 

developmental, physical and emotional needs of Child. In re C.M.S., 884 

A.2d 1284, 1286-87 (Pa. Super. 2005), appeal denied, 897 A.2d 1183 

(2006). “Intangibles such as love, comfort, security, and stability are 

involved in the inquiry into the needs and welfare of the child.” Id. at 1287 

(citation omitted). The trial court must also discern the nature and status of 

the parent-child bond, with the utmost attention to the effect on the child of 

permanently severing that bond. See id.

Considering this aspect of the termination proceedings, the trial court 

found as follows: 

[Child] has lived with his maternal aunt since he was 

adjudicated dependent, more than half his life. 

There is no evidence to show or suggest he is not in 

a good home where he is loved and his needs met. 

There is also no evidence to show there is a strong

bond between [Child] and Father that requires 

reunification. On the contrary, to remove [Child] 

from the care of his aunt to return him to his Father 

can only cause significant and irreparable harm, 

something that is not in his best interests. 

Trial Court Opinion, 10/10/14, at 13. 

 The certified record on appeal supports the trial court’s analysis. As 

we established above, Child has lived with his maternal aunt since prior to 

his adjudication of dependency. See N.T., 8/15/14, at 14, 16. Child’s 

maternal aunt testified that she provides for all of his needs, including food, 
J-S05015-15 

- 12 - 

clothing, comfort, and education. Id. Child’s maternal aunt testified that 

she is willing to adopt Child and that he has become a part of her nuclear 

family. Id. 17-18. The certified record further reflects that there is not a 

strong bond between Child and Father. Following Child’s dependency 

adjudication in April 2013, Father was to have two visits with Child per 

month and those visits were contingent on Father being drug and alcohol 

free. Trial Court Order, 5/29/13, at 1-2. From July 2013 until January 

2014, Father missed seven visits with Child due to drug and alcohol 

relapses. N.T., 8/15/14, at 47. Despite not regularly seeing Father, Child 

does not ask about his Father, where he is, or why is not around. Id. at 16-

17, 62. Indeed, Bush testified that she witnessed no detrimental effect to 

Child by not seeing Father. Id. at 62. 

 Father argues that he does have a strong bond with Child and that the 

end of visits between Father and Child have been problematic for Child. 

Father’s Brief at 20. Father once again only relies on his own testimony to 

support this assertion. See id. As we have previously established, the trial 

court found Father’s testimony was not credible and we are bound by that 

determination. See Trial Court Opinion, 10/10/14, at 12-13; J.F.M., 71 

A.3d at 992. Moreover, Richelle Bann, a case aide at the Agency, testified 

that it was Father who became emotional at the conclusion of a visit with 

Child in January 2014, and it was Father’s behavior that upset Child and 

made the separation difficult for Child. N.T., 8/15/14, at 50. Accordingly, 
J-S05015-15 

- 13 - 

we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in terminating 

Father’s parental rights with respect to Child. 

 As his final issue on appeal, Father argues that his trial counsel was 

ineffective in his representation of Father through the involuntary 

termination of parental rights proceedings. Father’s Brief at 21-24. This 

Court has stated that in a termination of parental rights case, “[a]ny 

determination as to ineffectiveness of counsel must be made expeditiously in 

the context of the original appeal, as a collateral attack by post-decree 

petition and/or appeal, after normal appeals have been exhausted, is not 

permissible.” In re S.W., 781 A.2d 1247, 1249 (Pa. Super. 2001) (quoting 

In re T.M.F., 573 A.2d 1035, 1043 (Pa. Super. 1990) (en banc)). “The 

overriding consideration in this respect is ... whether the result would likely 

have been different if there had been a more perfect stewardship.” Id. 

Furthermore, the “[m]ere assertion of ineffectiveness of counsel is not the 

basis of a remand or rehearing, and despite a finding of ineffectiveness on 

one or more aspects of the case, if the result would unlikely have been 

different despite a more perfect stewardship, the decree must stand.” Id.

(quoting T.M.F., 573 A.2d at 1044). 

 Here, Father’s appellate counsel states that he is not aware of any rule 

for alleging ineffectiveness in a termination of parental rights appeal. 

Father’s Brief at 21. As a result, he only lists, verbatim as written by Father, 

eight paragraphs containing multiple allegations of ineffective assistance of 
J-S05015-15 

- 14 - 

counsel on the part of trial counsel. See id. at 21-24. Appellate counsel 

does not make any argument on Father’s behalf as to how trial counsel’s 

alleged ineffectiveness prejudiced Father. See id. Father’s list of 

ineffectiveness allegations likewise contains no such argument. See id. As 

a result, we only have the mere assertion of ineffective assistance of 

counsel, which, as stated above, does not provide this Court with a basis to 

afford Father relief. See S.W., 781 A.2d at 1249. 

Moreover, the eight allegations of ineffectiveness raised are meritless. 

Father makes three complaints relating to trial counsel’s alleged failure to 

inform the trial court that a psychiatrist diagnosed him with “situational 

depression” and told him that he did not need to be medicated. See 

Father’s Brief at 21-23. Father also complains that trial counsel failed to 

inform the trial court of the bond he shared with Child. Id. at 23. As we 

established above, however, Father testified to each of these issues himself. 

Thus, the trial court was made aware of this information, rendering Father’s 

claims of trial counsel’s ineffectiveness in these regards meritless. 

Father further alleges that trial counsel failed to inform the trial court 

of his successful completion of parenting classes. Father’s Brief at 21-23. 

Father also complains about having to testify in narrative form and the fact 

that trial counsel only called one witness on his behalf. Id. at 23-24. He 

does not give any indication as to what additional witnesses trial counsel 

could have called in support of his case. See id. Moreover, our review of 
J-S05015-15 

- 15 - 

the trial court’s opinion reveals that it terminated Father’s parental rights 

because of his inability to parent Child based upon his continued insistence 

that he had no mental health problems and his refusal to participate in 

treatment. Trial Court Opinion, 10/10/14, at 15. Thus, these allegations of 

ineffectiveness had no impact on the outcome of the case. 

Lastly, Father complains that trial counsel did not file a brief on his 

behalf for his appeal stemming from the goal change from reunification to 

adoption. Father’s Brief at 24. Our review of the prior decision by this Court 

does not support this claim. See S.B., Jr., 495 WDA 2014 at 2. Father’s 

appellate counsel likewise acknowledges that this claim is frivolous. See

Father’s Brief at 21 n.2. 

 Decree affirmed. 

Judgment Entered. 

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. 

Prothonotary 

Date: 2/6/2015