 STANDARD OPERATING 

PROCEDURE 

DECONTAMINATION 

Page 1 of 8 

June 2007 

Environet, Inc. 

PRESERVING EARTH’S RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE

Environet 

650 Iwilei Road, Suite 204 

Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 
Page 2 of 8 

Table of Contents 

Section 1 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................3

Section 2 Procedure ..................................................................................................................4

2.1 Equipment List.................................................................................................................4 

2.2 Personnel Decontamination .............................................................................................4 

2.3 Sampling Equipment Decontamination ...........................................................................5 

2.4 Drilling and Heavy Equipment Decontamination............................................................6 

2.5 Waste Handling................................................................................................................6 

2.6 Documentation.................................................................................................................7 

Section 3 Quality Assurance Requirements.............................................................................8
Page 3 of 8 

Section 1

Purpose and Scope 

This document defines the standard operating procedure (SOP) for decontamination of 

personnel and equipment engaged in sampling activities. This SOP serves as a supplement to 

the project work plan, and the project Health and Safety Plan (HSP). It is intended that these 

procedures described below be used together with the project work plan, the project HSP, 

and other SOPs. 

The overall objective of the sampling program is to obtain samples that accurately 

characterize the chemical contamination present at the sampling site. Extraneous 

contaminant materials can be brought onto the sampling location and/or introduced into the 

medium of interest during the sampling program (e.g., by improperly cleaning the split spoon 

sampler between individual soil samples). Trace quantities of these contaminant materials 

can consequently be captured in a sample and lead to false positive analytical results, and, 

ultimately, to an incorrect assessment of the contaminant conditions associated with the Site. 

Decontamination of sampling equipment (e.g., bailers, pumps, tubing, soil and sediment 

sampling equipment) and field support equipment (e.g., drill rigs, vehicles) is therefore 

required prior to use to ensure that sampling cross-contamination is prevented, and that onsite contaminants are not carried off-site. 
Page 4 of 8 

Section 2

Procedure 

Equipment and personnel must be thoroughly decontaminated prior to entering the 

environmental investigation area (exclusion zone). Upon leaving the exclusion zone, all 

personnel and equipment must be thoroughly decontaminated. In addition, decontamination 

may be necessary from sample site to sample site within the exclusion zone. Proper 

decontamination of equipment and personnel will decrease the potential for cross 

contamination and reduce adverse health effects. 

This procedure describes the decontamination of personnel, soil drilling and sampling 

equipment, monitoring well installation and sampling equipment, and tools used during field 

investigation activities. These procedures will remain in place unless modified by the site 

specific work plan or HSP. 

2.1 Equipment List 

The following is a list of equipment that may be needed to perform decontamination: 

Plastic sheeting 

Scrub brushes 

Wash tubs 

Buckets 

Scrapers, flat blade 

Hot water - high-pressure sprayer 

Disposal drums (55-gallon with secure lids) 

Sponges or paper towels 

Alconox/Liquinox detergent (or equivalent) 

Potable tap water 

Laboratory-grade deionized water 

Garden-type water sprayers 

Isopropyl alcohol 

Hand soap 

Hand wipes 

2.2 Personnel Decontamination 

A temporary personnel decontamination line will be set up around each exclusion zone. If 

contamination is not encountered, a dry decontamination station may be established which 

consists of discarding of disposable personal protective equipment (PPE). 
Page 5 of 8 

If real-time monitoring instruments indicates that contamination has been encountered, (i.e., 

action levels are exceeded requiring an upgrade from initial PPE levels), or if the initial PPE 

is Level B or C, a complete personnel decontamination station will be established. 

The temporary decontamination line should provide space to wash and rinse boots, gloves, 

and all sampling or measuring equipment and a container to dispose of used disposable items 

such as gloves, tape, or tyvek. 

The decontamination procedure for field personnel in Level B or C PPE shall include (also see 

the HSP): 

Glove and boot wash in an Alconox solution 

Glove and boot rinse 

Duct tape removal 

Outer glove removal 

Coverall (Tyvek) removal 

Respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) removal 

Inner glove removal 

2.3 Sampling Equipment Decontamination 

The following steps will be used to decontaminate sampling equipment: 

 Personnel will dress in suitable PPE to reduce personal exposure as required by 

the HSP. 

 Sampling equipment will be decontaminated prior to sampling activities, between 

sample locations, and at the end of sampling activities. 

 Gross contamination on equipment will be scraped off at the sampling site. 

 Equipment that will not be damaged by water will be placed in a wash tub 

containing Alconox or equivalent detergent along with tap water and scrubbed 

with a scrub brush or similar tool. 

 Equipment will be rinsed with tap water, then with isopropyl alcohol and then a 

final rinse with deionized/distilled water. 

 Groundwater sampling pumps will be “turned on” to allow detergent, tap water, 

and deionized/distilled water to cycle through the pump. 

 The equipment will be allowed to air dry. 

 Equipment that may be damaged by water will be carefully wiped clean using a 

sponge and detergent water and rinsed with deionized water. Care will be taken 

to prevent any equipment damage. 

 Rinse and detergent water will be replaced with new solutions between borings or 

sample locations or as determined necessary by the field manager. 

Following decontamination, equipment will be placed in a clean area or on clean plastic 

sheeting to prevent cross contamination. If the equipment is to be transported, it will be 
Page 6 of 8 

covered or wrapped in aluminum foil (preferred method), plastic sheeting, or heavy-duty 

trash bags to minimize potential airborne contamination. 

The following guidelines will be followed in the field at all times to ensure sample integrity 

and to prevent any cross contamination of samples. 

 A clean pair of disposable latex gloves will be worn each time a different location 

is sampled and shall be changed each time the gloves come into contact with a 

material that has not been properly decontaminated. 

 Sample collection activities will proceed from the least contaminated area to the 

most contaminated area when this information is available. 

2.4 Drilling and Heavy Equipment Decontamination 

Drilling rigs will be decontaminated at the decontamination station. The following steps may 

be used to decontaminate drilling and heavy equipment: 

 Personnel will dress in suitable PPE to reduce personal exposure as required by 

the HSP. 

 Drilling and heavy equipment will be decontaminated prior to drilling, between 

locations, and at the end of drilling. 

 Remove as much soil and debris as possible from augers and tools at the borehole 

or sampling location. 

 Equipment that will not be damaged by water, such as drill rigs, augers, drill bits, 

and shovels, will be sprayed and then rinsed with potable water. Care will be 

taken to adequately clean the insides of the hollow-stem augers. 

 If augers and tools are visibly contaminated, clean tools in large tub so that 

decontamination water is contained. 

 During soil sampling, the split spoon sampler and sample sleeves shall be 

decontaminated by the field crew and not the drilling contractor. 

 After cleaning, place augers and tools on plastic sheeting on the cleaned bed of 

the support truck or the cleaned auger rack on the drill rig. 

 Any decontamination water that was generated during drilling and heavy 

equipment decontamination shall be placed in 55-gallon drums or other suitable 

storage tank and the source of the water (i.e., borehole where tools were last used) 

shall be marked on the drum or tank. 

An alternative to the above would be to steam clean auger flights. 

2.5 Waste Handling 

Any waste generated during decontamination activities will be collected and handled 

according to the procedures outlined in the project work plan and the SOP for waste 

handling. 
Page 7 of 8 

2.6 Documentation 

Sampling personnel will be responsible for documenting the decontamination of sampling 

and drilling equipment. The documentation will be recorded with waterproof ink in the 

sampler's field notebook with consecutively numbered pages. The information entered in the 

field book concerning decontamination should include the following: 

Decontamination personnel 

Date and start/end times 

Decontamination observations 

Weather conditions 
Page 8 of 8 

Section 3

Quality Assurance Requirements 

Equipment rinsate samples will be taken of the decontaminated sampling equipment to verify 

the effectiveness of the decontamination procedures. The sampling procedure will include 

rinsing deionized water through or over a decontaminated sampling tool (such as a split 

spoon sampler or groundwater pump) and collecting the rinsate water into the appropriate 

sample bottles, which will be sent to the laboratory for analysis. The rinsate procedure, 

including the sample number, will be recorded in the field notebook. The frequency of 

rinsate sample collection and the laboratory analysis required are described in the project 

work plan. The handling and documentation procedures of the rinsate sample are described 

in the Containerizing, Preserving, Handling, and Shipping Samples SOP. 
c:\cliff\sop8.doc 

SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN 

 STANDARD OPERATING 

PROCEDURE 

DRUM HANDLING 

March 2001 

Environet 

500 Alakawa Street, Suite 202B 

Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 
c:\cliff\sop8.doc i SOP No. 8

Table of Contents 

Section 1 Purpose and Scope................................................................................................ 1-1 

Section 2 Hazard Awareness and Regulatory Considerations............................................ 2-1 

2.1 Hazard Awareness ....................................................................................................... 2-1 

2.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ......................................................................... 2-1 

2.3 Regulatory Considerations........................................................................................... 2-1 

Section 3 Drum Handling Procedures ................................................................................. 3-1 

3.1 Movement of Drums.................................................................................................... 3-1 

3.2 Inspection of Drums..................................................................................................... 3-1

3.3 Spill Control During Drum Handling .......................................................................... 3-1 

3.4 Opening Drums............................................................................................................ 3-2 

3.5 Drum Overpacking ...................................................................................................... 3-2 
c:\cliff\sop8.doc 1-1 SOP No. 8

Section 1 

Purpose and Scope 

This document defines the standard operating procedure (SOP) for the handling of drums 

(primarily 55-gallon drums) during the Johnston Island site characterization report. This 

SOP serves as a supplement to the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) that is included in the 

Work Plan (WP). This document is intended to be used together with the SAP and other 

SOPs. 
c:\cliff\sop8.doc 2-1 SOP No. 8

Section 2 

Hazard Awareness and Regulatory 

Considerations 

2.1 Hazard Awareness 

A variety of work site activities may require unearthing, moving, lifting, overpacking, or 

sampling drums. Such activities are inherently hazardous and will always require special 

health and safety precautions. Drum handling presents numerous serious physical hazards 

including back injury, crushing, bruising, laceration, and severe trauma from mishandling. 

Drum contents may represent a fire or explosion hazard or may consist of shock-sensitive or 

pyrophoric materials. Drum contents may be pressurized or be acutely toxic. Contents may 

be corrosive or irritating or have other toxic effects. Drum handling may, therefore, represent 

both physical and chemical hazards. 

2.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 

The appropriate PPE ensemble for drum handling (and sampling) can vary significantly 

depending on the particular job conditions. Supplied air equipment (SCBAs or airlines) may 

be appropriate respiratory protection for a wide range of potential exposures. Full face airpurifying respirators may be adequate for other situations. Some drums may be safely 

handled without respiratory protection. The types of gloves, coveralls (coated or uncoated), 

boots, and other PPE can also vary based on hazard evaluation. The selection of the 

appropriate PPE should ultimately be performed by a Environet’s Health and Safety Officer, 

as part of the site-specific Health and Safety Plan (HSP). 

2.3 Regulatory Considerations 

The primary regulation dealing with drum handling in hazardous waste operations is section 

(J) of 29 CFR 1910.120. These OSHA regulations are unique to hazardous waste operations 

and do not cover all contingencies. 
c:\cliff\sop8.doc 3-1 SOP No. 8

Section 3 

Drum Handling Procedures 

3.1 Movement of Drums 

The movement of full 55-gallon drums solely by hand is not recommended. Full drums 

should be moved with a dolly, hoist, sling, drum carrier, front end-loader, or other 

specialized device. A hydraulic drum grappler works well in certain applications. When 

drums are being moved, suspended, or overpacked, personnel should stand well clear of the 

drum. 

3.2 Inspection of Drums 

Prior to any handling, drums with unknown contents should be visually inspected for any 

words, symbols or labels on the drum surface which would indicate the nature of its contents. 

A careful inspection should also be made for signs of leakage, rusting, corrosion, or bulging. 

If the drum is of unusual construction or material, such as nickel or stainless steel, it may 

contain a particularly hazardous or sensitive material. The type of drumhead and type of 

bungs (if any) should be inspected. If the whole drum lid is removable, it may be designed to 

contain solid materials. If it has a bung (or bungs) it may be designed to contain a liquid. If 

the drum has a polyethylene or PVC liner, it may have been designed to contain a corrosive 

material. The top of the drum and the area around the bungs should be inspected for any 

signs of crystal formation, staining or unusual materials on the surface. An experienced drum 

handler may, on occasion, lightly tap the exterior of the drum or rock it very lightly to 

attempt to determine the level or amount of material in the drum. The drum may need to be 

photographed and numbered during the inspection process. 

3.3 Spill Control During Drum Handling 

Spills or leaks may occur during drum movement and handling. Absorbent materials (clay, 

oil-dry, etc.) should be readily available in sufficient quantity to absorb spilled or leaked 

material. Where large spills could occur, a containment berm should be constructed around 

the area. A special pad for drum handling (concrete, HDPE, etc.) with containment berms 

may be required for certain types of work. Spill control should be performed by appropriately 

trained personnel wearing adequate PPE. A Spill Plan should be part of the HSP. 
c:\cliff\sop8.doc 3-2 SOP No. 8

3.4 Opening Drums 

A non-sparking bung wrench should be used for removing bungs to gain access to the drum 

interior. An appropriately rated fire extinguisher should be on hand ready for use to control 

incipient fires. OSHA specifies that a "suitable shield" be placed between the employee and 

the drum being opened to protect the employee in case of accidental explosion. If there 

appears to be real danger of accidental explosion, the drum should be opened remotely. One 

of the best ways to do this is to use a bronze spike mounted on the end of a backhoe arm. The 

backhoe operator looks out through a clear explosion shield. The spike is used to punch a 

hole through the surface of the drum. A variety of pneumatic and hydraulic remote drumoperating devices may be available. The efficiency of their use must be evaluated on a caseby-case basis. 

3.5 Drum Overpacking 

Leaking fifty-five gallon drums are usually overpacked into an 85-gallon overpack drum. 

There are a variety of ways to perform this safely. It can be done by vertical suspension and 

insertion or it may be done by sliding the two drums together horizontally (laying down). If 

the drum to be overpacked is suspended, it must be firmly held by a scissor clamp or other 

positive gripping device. 

Do not contact the drum with hands while it is suspended. Use a board or other device to 

steady or position the drum which is being overpacked. If a forklift is used, the operator must 

have specialized training prior to performing drum overpacking. Horizontal overpacking may 

be a safer technique in some cases. However, great care must be exercised to avoid back 

injury when pushing the overpacked drum into an upright position. 
Page 1 of 6 

 STANDARD OPERATING 

PROCEDURE 

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 

June 2007 

Environet, Inc. 

PRESERVING EARTH’S RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE

Environet 

2850 Pa‘a Street, Suite 212 

Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96819 
Page 2 of 6 

Table of Contents 

Section 1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................3

Section 2 Types of Emergencies................................................................................................3

2.1 Medical Emergencies.......................................................................................................3

2.2 Accidents .........................................................................................................................3 

2.3 Safety Equipment Problems.............................................................................................4 

Section 3 Advance Planning.....................................................................................................4

Section 4 Training .....................................................................................................................5

Section 5 Medical Surveillance Information ...........................................................................5

Section 6 Emergency Equipment..............................................................................................5

Section 7 Safety Practices .........................................................................................................5

Section 8 Documentation ..........................................................................................................6
Page 3 of 6 

Section 1 Purpose 

The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure is to provide guidance in preparing for 

contingency or emergency situations during field activities. Accidents can and do happen. 

However, with adequate planning and preparedness resulting consequence can be minimized or 

prevented. 

Emergency preparedness starts with advanced planning. It requires anticipation of potential 

problems or hazards. Proper emergency preparedness involves use of the project health and safety 

plan that may address emergency situations. It involves training, site orientation of personnel, 

medical information of personnel, and availability of emergency equipment and services. 

Section 2 Types of Emergencies 

There are three major categories of emergencies that can occur during hazardous waste site 

investigations. They are medical emergencies, accidents, and safety equipment problems. 

2.1 Medical Emergencies 

Medical emergencies can be described as situations that present a significant threat to the health of 

personnel involved in site investigations. These can result from chemical exposures, heat stress, 

cold stress, and poisonous insect or snake bites. Medical emergencies must be dealt with 

immediately and proper care should be administered. This may be in the form of first aid and 

emergency hospitalization. 

2.2 Accidents 

Accidents can result from physical hazards on a site. These hazards can include tripping, catching, 

cutting, and may be associated with debris on a site or heavy equipment used in the investigation. 

Accidents may include: 

• Broken bones; 

• Burns; 

• Sprains; 
Page 4 of 6 

• Puncture wounds; 

• Electrical shock; and 

• Cuts by contaminated materials. 

Appropriate medical attention must be provided to individuals involved in site investigations who 

have suffered an accident. 

2.3 Safety Equipment Problems 

A source of emergency may develop due to malfunction or other problem associated with safety 

equipment being utilized by investigative personnel. These types of problems may or may not result 

in emergency situations. However, safety equipment problems must be corrected before proceeding 

with field investigative activities. Safety problems may include: 

• Leaks or tears in protective clothing; 

• Failure of respiratory protective devices (SCBA, air-purifying respirators); and 

• Encountering contaminants for which prescribed protective equipment may not be 

suitable. 

Section 3 Advance Planning 

Advance planning should be practiced and include assessments of potential hazards or problems that 

may be encountered. Emergency preparedness should be addressed in the site safety plan. It should 

consider: 

• Hazard evaluation; 

• Emergency precautions; 

• Hospital/poison control centers (telephone numbers); 

• Emergency transportation systems (fire, police, ambulance); 

o Emergency routes (maps, dry runs); and 

o Escape routes: 

 On-site escape (rapid evacuation to safe area) 

 Off-site escape (best means of evacuation from site). 
Page 5 of 6 

Section 4 Training 

Investigative teams should include personnel with training in first aid and CPR. Personnel should 

become familiar with site area, available equipment, and emergency services available. 

Section 5 Medical Surveillance Information 

Personnel should be aware of any special medical problems of individual team members. This may 

include allergies, insect stings, poison plants, penicillin, etc. 

Section 6 Emergency Equipment 

Provisions should be made to have appropriate emergency equipment available and in proper 

working condition. This equipment may include: 

 • First aid kits; 

 • Eye wash kits - fill and pressurize; 

 • Fire extinguisher; 

 • Emergency oxygen; 

 • Splints; 

 • Stretcher; 

 • Blankets; and 

 • Life vests. 

Equipment should be checked before commencing site investigation activities, and defective 

equipment repaired or replaced before performing site investigation. Provisions should be made for 

redundant or back-up safety equipment. 

Section 7 Safety Practices 

The following safety practices should be utilized to prevent or deal with emergency situations: 

 1. A continuous line-of-sight should be maintained between work party downrange and 

personnel at the command post. Personnel stationed beyond the command post, in 
Page 6 of 6 

order to maintain the line-of-sight with the work party, must be outfitted with 

appropriate protective equipment. 

 2. Person should be dressed to same degree as the work party in order to provide an 

extra man for any needed rescue effort. 

 3. Communications should be maintained and work party must have system for rapid 

and clear distress call back to command post. 

 4. Check to insure that all preplanning information is correct. 

 5. Maintain thorough knowledge of expected weather conditions. Avoid working in 

wet weather, electrical storms, extremely hot conditions, or extremely cold 

conditions. 

 6. Thoroughly understand tasks to be performed. 

 7. Thoroughly brief all team members on all aspects of the tasks. 

Section 8 Documentation 

Records should be maintained with regard to emergency situations. Incident/Accident Reports 

should be filed in the event of an incident or accident (see OP SOP-103). 
 

 STANDARD OPERATING 

PROCEDURE 

FIELD EQUIPMENT 

CALIBRATION, OPERATION, 

AND MAINTENANCE 

April 2010 

 Environet, Inc. 

 PRESERVING EARTH’S RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE

650 Iwilei Road, Suite 204 

Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 
This page is intentionally left blank. 
i 

Table of Contents 

List of Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. iii 

Section 1 Purpose and Scope ........................................................................................................ 1-1

Section 2 Calibration Procedures ................................................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Horiba Multiparameter Probe .................................................................................................. 2-1 

2.2 MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor .................................................................................. 2-4 

2.3 GEM 2000 Gas Meter .............................................................................................................. 2-5 

2.4 LANDTEC GA-90 Landfill Gas Analyzer ............................................................................. 2-7 

Section 3 Operation Procedures ................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Horiba Multiparameter Probe .................................................................................................. 3-1 

3.2 MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor .................................................................................. 3-1 

3.3 GEM 2000 Gas Meter .............................................................................................................. 3-1 

3.4 LANDTEC GA-90 Landfill Gas Analyzer ............................................................................. 3-2 

Section 4 Maintenance Procedures .............................................................................................. 4-1

4.1 Horiba Multiparameter Probe .................................................................................................. 4-1 

4.2 MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor .................................................................................. 4-2 

4.3 GEM 2000 Gas Meter .............................................................................................................. 4-4 

4.4 LANDTEC GA-90 Landfill Gas Analyzer ............................................................................. 4-4 

Section 5 Documentation .............................................................................................................. 5-1

Tables 

Table 5-1: Field Equipment Calibration and Maintenance .......................................................... 5-3 

Appendices 

Appendix A: Equipment Calibration Log 

Appendix B: Groundwater Sampling Log, Soil Boring Log, and Landfill Gas Monitoring Log 

Appendix C: Certificate of Calibration/Equipment User Logs 
ii 

This page is intentionally left blank. 
iii 

List of Acronyms 

% percent 

oC degrees Celsius 

°F degrees Fahrenheit 

cc cubic centimeter 

CH4 methane 

cm centimeter 

CO2 carbon dioxide 

COND conductivity 

DEP depth 

DO dissolved oxygen 

H2O water 

LCD liquid crystal display 

LED light emitting diode 

m meter 

mg/L milligrams per liter 

ml milliliter 

N2 nitrogen 

NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit 

O2 oxygen 

pH hydrogen activity 

PID photo-ionization detector 

psig pound-force per square inch gauge 

S/m siemens per meter 

SOP standard operating procedure 

TURB turbidity 

VOC volatile organic compound 

WP Work Plan 
iv 

This page is intentionally left blank.
1-1 

Section 1 Purpose and Scope 

This document defines the standard operating procedure (SOP) for calibrating, operating, and 

maintaining equipment commonly used during field investigation activities. This SOP serves as a 

supplement to the Work Plan (WP). This procedure is intended to be used together with the WP and 

other SOPs. 
1-2 

This page is intentionally left blank.
2-1 

Section 2 Calibration Procedures 

2.1 Horiba Multiparameter Probe 

To obtain correct measurements, the Horiba Multiparameter Probe must be calibrated each day 

before performing measurements. In general, calibration is done by adjusting the probe with 

standard solution(s). Calibration, operation, and maintenance of the multiparameter probe should 

follow the manufacturer’s specific instructions. 

The specific calibration procedures for the Horiba Multiparameter Probe will consist of the 

following procedures: 

Auto Calibration Method 

1. Fill the calibration beaker to the marked line with hydrogen activity (pH) 4 standard solution 

(use the 100-4 pH standard solution manufactured by Horiba). 

2. Wash the Horiba probe sensor in distilled water three times and then immerse in the pH 4 

solution. 

3. Press the POWER key. 

4. While “AUTO” is displayed, press the CAL key in one of the measurements modes pH, 

conductivity (COND), turbidity (TURB), dissolved oxygen (DO), and depth (DEP). 

“AUTO” and “CAL” appear and the instrument enters the auto calibration mode. 

5. Press the ENT key to start auto calibration. Upon completion of all the pH, COND, TURB, 

DO, and DEP modes, “End” will be displayed. The instrument is now calibrated. 

6. Complete the calibration form, and record the time and the standard solution temperature in 

the field notebook. The 100-4 pH standard solution contents at 25 degrees Celsius (oC) are 

as follows: pH (4.01); COND (0.449 siemens per meter (S/m)); TURB (0 Nephelometric 

Turbidity Unit (NTU)); DO (8.52 milligrams per liter (mg/L)); and DEP (0 meter (m)). 

7. Press the MEAS key to return to the measurement mode. 

Manual Calibration Method 

Manual pH Calibration 

1. Wash the sensor three times using distilled water, then pour pH 7 standard solution into the 

calibration beaker to the marked line, and immerse the sensor in it. 

2. Press the POWER key. 

3. While “MAN” is displayed, press the CAL key twice in the pH measurement mode. 
2-2 

4. Use the UP/DOWN keys to input the value for the pH 7 standard solution at the 

measurement temperature. 

5. Press the ENT key. 

6. Wash the sensor three times using distilled water, then pour pH 4 or pH 9 standard solution 

into the calibration beaker to the marked line, and immerse the sensor in it. 

7. After the zero calibration of the pH sensor, press the CAL key to make sure that the 

instrument is in the manual span calibration mode. 

8. Use the UP/DOWN keys to set the value for the pH 4 or pH 9 standard solution at the 

measurement temperature. 

9. Press the ENT key. The manual span calibration starts. 

10. Press the MEAS key to return to the measurement mode. 

Manual Conductivity Calibration 

1. Wash the conductivity sensor three times using distilled water. Completely remove the 

water on the sensor and calibrate the instrument in the atmosphere. 

2. Press the CAL key twice in the conductivity measurement mode. 

3. Use the UP/DOWN keys to set the value to 0.0. 

4. Press the ENT key. 

5. Wash the sensor three times using distilled water, then pour standard solution into the 

calibration beaker, and immerse the sensor in it. 

6. After the zero calibration of the conductivity sensor, press the CAL key to make sure that the 

instrument is in the manual span calibration mode. 

7. Use the UP/DOWN keys to set the standard solution value. 

8. Press the ENT key. The manual span calibration starts. 

9. Press the CAL key and use each standard solution and perform steps 1 and 4 (above) for 

calibration. 

10. Press the MEAS key to return to the measurement mode. 

Manual Turbidity Calibration 

1. Wash the sensor three times using distilled water, then place some distilled water into the 

calibration beaker, and immerse the sensor in it. 
2-3 

2. Press the CAL key twice in the turbidity measurement mode. 

3. Use the UP/DOWN keys to set the value to 0.0. 

4. Press the ENT key. 

5. Wash the sensor three times using distilled water, then pour standard solution into a 

calibration beaker, and immerse the sensor in it. 

6. After the zero calibration of the turbidity sensor, press the CAL key to make sure that the 

instrument is in the manual span calibration mode. 

7. Use UP/DOWN keys to set the standard solution value. 

8. Press the ENT key. The manual span calibration starts. 

9. Press the MEAS key to return to the measurement mode. 

Manual Dissolved Oxygen Calibration 

1. Wash the sensor three times with distilled water and immerse the DO sensor completely in 

zero calibrated liquid. 

2. Press the CAL key twice in the DO measurement mode. 

3. After the display has stabilized, use the UP/DOWN keys to set the value to 0.0. 

4. Press the ENT key. The manual calibration starts. 

5. Wash the sensors three times with distilled water and immerse the DO sensor completely in 

span calibrated liquid. 

6. After the zero calibration of the DO sensor, press the CAL key to make sure that the 

instrument is in the manual span calibration mode. 

7. After the display has stabilized, use the UP/DOWN keys to set the amount of saturated DO 

in water at the temperature. 

8. Press the ENT key. 

9. Press the MEAS key to return to the measurement mode. 
2-4 

2.2 MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor 

WARNING: The MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor (Model PGM 7600) is classified as to 

intrinsic safety for use in class I division 1, groups A, B, C, D, or non-hazardous locations only. Do 

NOT proceed before reading the instrument manual. 

MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor (Model PGM 7600) is a compact monitor designed as a 

broadband volatile organic compound (VOC) gas monitor and data logger for work in hazardous 

environments. It monitors VOCs using a photo-ionization detector (PID). It gives real time 

measurements and activates alarm signals whenever the exposure exceeds preset limits. 

Primary Calibration 

Primary calibration of the MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor (Model PGM 7600) is 

accomplished annually at the factory using isobutylene-in-air standard calibration gas. The 

MiniRAE 2000 is also programmed at the factory with default alarm limits. 

Fresh Air and Span Calibration 

1. Press the MODE key for one second and release to turn on the instrument. The audio buzzer 

will beep once and the air pump will turn on. The display will show series of information as 

it runs through the start up menu. 

2. Then the “Ready...” message or the instantaneous reading display “0.0 ppm” is displayed. 

3. Press and hold down both N/- and MODE keys for three seconds to enter programming 

mode. 

4. The first menu item “Calibrate/Select Gas?” will be displayed. 

5. Release both N/- and MODE keys simultaneously. 

6. Press Y/+ key to select “Calibrate/Select Gas?” 

7. Press Y/+ to select “Calibrate/Select Gas?” sub-menu “Fresh Air Cal?” 

8. Make sure that the MiniRAE is connected to a fresh air source (ambient air without 

detectable contaminant). 

9. Press Y/+ key, the display shows “Zero in Progress”, followed by “Wait” and a countdown 

timer. 

10. After a 15 second pause, the display will show the message “update data... zeroed... reading 

= X.X ppm...” 

11. Press any key or wait about 20 seconds, the monitor will return back to the “Fresh Air 

Calibration?” submenu. 

12. Make sure the monitor is connected to a span gas source. 

13. Press the Y/+ key at the “Span Cal?” to start the calibration. The display shows the gas 

name and the span value of the corresponding gas. 
2-5 

14. The display shows, “Apply Gas Now!” Turn on the valve of the span gas supply. 

15. The display shows, “Wait... 30”, with a count-down timer showing the number of remaining 

seconds while the monitor performs the calibration. 

16. When the countdown timer reaches zero, the display shows the calibrated value. The 

reading should be very close to the span gas value. 

17. After a span calibration is completed, the display will show the message, “Update Data Span 

Cal Done! Turn Off Gas”. 

18. Turn off the flow of gas. Disconnect the calibration adapter from the MiniRAE 2000. 

19. Press any key and it returns back to “Span Gas Cal?” 

20. Press and hold the MODE key for five seconds to turn off the instrument. 

2.3 GEM 2000 Gas Meter 

WARNING: The GEM 2000 is not certified as intrinsically safe. The following procedure MUST 

NOT be done in a confined space or where there is any chance of sparking or ignition. No smoking, 

exposed lighting, or other sources of ignition should be in the area. On the GEM 2000, ensure that 

the exhaust gas is safe, not blocked and properly vented away from you. Ensure that no leaks are 

present. Unless all above conditions are maintained, an explosion could occur resulting in serious 

injury or death. 

Primary Calibration 

Primary calibration of the GEM 2000 is accomplished at the factory using a gas mixture of 50 

percent (%) methane (CH4), 35% carbon dioxide (CO2)for CH4 and CO2 calibration and gas mixture 

of 2% oxygen (O2), balance nitrogen (N2) for O2 calibration. The primary calibration is performed 

annually. 

Daily Calibration 

1. Connect the calibration gas cylinder to the pressure regulator using the same gas mixtures as 

the one used for primary calibration. 

2. Connect the pressure regulator to a one liter Tedlar bag using 24 inches of a 1/8 inch Tygon 

tubing. 

3. Fully open the Tedlar bag fill/sample valve, then slowly open the pressure regulator valve 

and allow the gas measure to flow into the Tedlar bag. Once the Tedlar bag is full, shut the 

valve on the pressure regulator and on the Tedlar bag. 

4. Connect one end of 1/8 inch Tygon tubing to the Tedlar bag and one end to the sample inlet 

of GEM 2000, use 1/8 inch quick disconnect to connect tubing to GEM 2000. 

5. Once the instrument is on the appropriate screen, start opening the Tedlar bag fill/sample 

valve slowly and follow the steps below. 
2-6 

Methane and Carbon Dioxide Calibration Procedure: 

1. Turn the instrument on and press key 1-Menu. 

2. From the main menu, scroll down to select Field Calibration. 

3. Zero the CH4 as follows: 

a. Connect a zero CH4 gas mixture to the instrument following the setup procedure above 

and allow calibration gas mixture to flow slowly into the GEM inlet port by opening the 

Tedlar Bag fill/sample valve, you may use 2.0% O2/balance N2. Allow gas to flow for at 

least 30 seconds or until reading stabilizes. 

b. Press Calibration Menu, then Zero Channels. 

c. Press Zero CH4. 

4. Connect 50% CH4, 35% CO2 gas mixture to GEM 2000 following the set up procedure 

above and allow the calibration gas mixture to flow slowly into the GEM inlet port by 

opening the Tedlar Bag fill/sample valve. 

5. Allow gas to flow for 30 seconds, then Span gases as follows: 

a. Press 3-Edit Target Concentrations, and then enter gas concentrations by key in 

percentages as three digits for each gas in the corresponding column under row S. After 

keying in each value press Enter. 

b. Press enter Calibration Menu, then scroll down and press Enter to select Span Channels. 

c. Press Enter to select Span CH4 at 50%; the screen will prompt a message, “Calibration 

Complete”. 

d. Scroll down to select Span CO2 at 35%; the screen will prompt a message, “Calibration 

Complete”. 

e. Scroll down to select Span O2 at 2.0%; the screen will prompt a message, “Calibration 

Complete”. 

6. Continue allowing gas to flow into the instrument and check current readings (row R). If 

current reading is within ±0.5 %, repeat span calibration again. 

Oxygen Calibration Procedure 

1. Turn the instrument on and press key 1-Menu. 

2. From the main menu, scroll down to select Field Calibration. 

3. Zero the O2 as follows: 
2-7 

a. Connect a zero O2 gas mixture to the instrument following the set up procedure 

above and allow the calibration gas mixture to flow slowly into GEM inlet port by 

opening the Tedlar Bag fill/sample valve, you may use 50% CH4, 35% CO2, balance 

N2 mixture. Allow gas to flow for at least 30 seconds or until reading stabilizes. 

b. Press Calibration Menu, then Zero Channels. 

c. Scroll down and press enter Zero O2. 

4. Connect 2.0% O2/balance N2 mixture to the GEM 2000 following the set up procedure 

above and allow the calibration gas mixture to flow slowly into the GEM inlet port by 

opening the Tedlar Bag fill/sample valve. 

5. Allow gas to flow for 30 seconds, then span gases as follows: 

a. Press enter Calibration Menu, then scroll down and select Span Channels. 

b. Scroll down to select Span O2 at 2.0%, the screen will prompt a message 

“Calibration Complete”. 

6. Continue allowing gas to flow into the instrument and check current readings (row R). If the 

current reading is within ±0.5% of calibration gas concentration, calibration is satisfactory. 

7. If current reading is greater that ±0.5% range, repeat span calibrations again. 

2.4 LANDTEC GA-90 Landfill Gas Analyzer 

WARNING: The LANDTEC GA-90 is not certified as intrinsically safe. The following procedures 

MUST NOT be done in a confined space such as vaults, excavations, indoors, or where there is any 

chance of sparking or ignition. Ensure that exhaust gas is safe, not blocked and properly vented 

away from you. Ensure no leaks are present. Unless all above conditions are maintained, an 

explosion could result causing serious injury or death. 

Primary Calibration 

The GA-90 is a portable scientific field instrument that does require factory calibration using various 

gas mixtures in an environmental chamber at recommended six month intervals under normal 

landfill usage. Factory calibration has been designed to give the best possible results over a wide 

range of conditions; however, the instrument’s accuracy can be improved in specific operating 

ranges by performing “field calibration.” At any time, the GA-90 can be reset by returning to the 

“factory settings.” This clears the GA-90 of any user calibration setting and restores the GA-90 to 

its original factory calibration. 
2-8 

Field Calibration 

Field calibration should be performed prior to taking a series of gas or pressure readings. It is 

important to field calibrate the GA-90 on-site after the instrument has stabilized at working 

temperature. Field calibration is menu-guided and can be completed in about 10 minutes. 

To perform field calibration, the following items are required: 

1. gas mixture of 50% CH4 and 35% CO2; 

2. gas mixture of 2% O2 and 98% N2; 

3. pressure regulators for the above cylinders capable of regulating in the range of 0 to 5 

pound-force per square inch gauge (psig) fitted with connectors suitable for 1⁄4 inch Tygon 

tubing; 

4. regulator/flow meter capable of measuring in the range of 100 to 600 cubic centimeter (cc) 

per minute maximum with fitting suitable for 1⁄4 inch Tygon tubing or LANDTEC regulator 

which is set to deliver the required flow; and 

5. interconnecting lengths of 1⁄4 inch Tygon tubing. 

Gas Calibration 

1. Connect the calibration gas cylinder to the pressure regulator.

2. Connect the sample input line.

3. Connect a second 24 inches of 1⁄4 inch Tygon tubing to the exhaust nozzle of the GA-90. 

Direct exhaust away from you and out of the immediate area. 

4. Turn the calibration gas cylinder valve two turns. 

5. If using LANDTEC regulator, no flow meter is required. Turn off cylinder valve.

6. If not using the LANDTEC regulator, adjust the regulator discharge pressure to 2 psig and 

the flow meter to 300 cc per minute. Pinch the gas supply hose that will attach to the GA-90. 

 The regulator discharge pressure should not climb greater than 5 psig. Turn off the cylinder 

valve. 

7. Turn unit on by pressing the red on/off key. The warning screen will appear for five 

seconds. This is a reminder that the GA-90 is not to be used in confined areas such as vaults, 

excavations, or indoors. 

8. Press Key 0 to go to the Main Menu Screen. All GA-90 functions are accessed from the 

Main Menu Screen.

9. Press Key 1 “General Utilities” on the Main Menu Screen.
2-9 

10. Press Key 9 “More” followed by Key 5 “Gas Calibration”.

11. There are four possible choices. The first allows a field calibration to be performed on the 

GA-90 for CH4, the second for CO2, the third for O2, and the fourth returns the GA-90 to the 

original factory settings.

Methane Calibration- Zero Methane

1. Press Key 1 “CH4 Calibration”. 

2. Press Key 1 “Zero CH4”. A CH4 percentage will not display until the IR Bench warms up. 

A plus or negative sign may appear on the far left of the display. This symbol can be 

ignored. Note: Do not perform this procedure in the presence of CH4.

3. Pressing Key 5 “Pump” turns on the GA-90 sample pump. There should be no calibration 

hose attached to the GA-90 during this procedure. The GA-90 will be drawing in a sample 

of normal air which must be free of CH4. Run the pump for five minutes. 

4. Press Key 1 “Zero Level”. If the “CH4 Not Zeroed” Screen displays, return to the Gas 

Calibration Screen by pressing Key 0 “Exit”. Recheck that no CH4 was present and re-zero 

the CH4. If the problem persists, proceed to the Factory Settings Calibration section of this 

manual. 

5. When the “CH4 Zeroed OK” Screen appears, press Key 0 “Exit” to return to the CH4

Calibration Screen. Press Key 2 “Calibrate CH4 Span” and proceed to the next section. 

Methane Calibration- Methane Span 

1. Connect the 1⁄4 inch Tygon tubing from the calibration gas regulator/flow meter to the GA-90 

gas sample port. Attach, if not already attached, the Tygon tubing to the exhaust port of the 

GA-90. Direct the exhaust away from you and out of the immediate area. 

2. Turn on the calibration gas mixture of CH4 and CO2. The pump does not have to be on. 

3. If not using LANDTEC supplied regulator, check the calibration gas flow at 300 cc and 

pressure no greater than 2 psig. 

4. Allow calibration gas to flow into the GA-90 for two minutes or until the instrument gas 

reading stabilizes. After two minutes, read the CH4 gas concentration on the screen. It 

should be stable and not changing more than a few tenths of one percent at the 15% gas 

level, 1% at the higher gas level. 

5. Press Key 1 “Enter Gas Con” and input the CH4 concentration of the calibration gas using 

the keyboard. Enter the percentage as three digits (e.g., 50% CH4 would be input as 500). 

6. Press Key 0 “Exit”. A “Caution Re-Calibrate” Screen will appear. Press Key 1 “Yes” and 

one of two messages will appear: 
2-10 

a. If the “Calibration OK” Screen flashed, proceed to step seven. 

b. If the “Calibration Gas Not Accepted” Screen appears, press Key 1 “Yes” and reenter CH4 percentage. If the calibration gas percentage is still not accepted, press 

Key 0 “No” and start the procedure again from zero CH4. If the problem persists, 

proceed to Factory Settings Calibration section of this manual. 

7. If CO2 is to be calibrated, press Key 0 twice to return to the Gas Calibration Screen. 

8. If no further calibration is required, turn off the calibration gas cylinder. Remove gas hose 

attached to gas sample port. Leave the exhaust port hose connected. Turn on the pump and 

purge the instrument with air for 60 seconds (CH4 concentration should read 0.00%). Press 

Key 0 to return to Main Menu Screen. 

Carbon Dioxide Calibration 

1. Press Key 2 “CO2 Calibration” on the Gas Calibration Screen. 

2. Press Key 1 “Enter Gas Con”. Input the CO2 concentration of the calibration gas using the 

keyboard. Enter the percentage as three digits (e.g., 35% CO2 would be input as 350). Press 

Key 0 “Exit”. 

3. Press Key 1 “Yes” on the Caution Re-Calibrate Screen. One of two messages will appear. 

a. If the “Calibration OK” screen flashed, proceed to step four. 

b. If the “Calibration Gas Not Accepted” Screen appears, press Key 1 “Yes” and reenter the CO2 percentage. If the screen still appears, press Key 0 “No” and start the 

procedure again. If the problem persists, proceed to the Factory Setting Calibration 

section of this manual. 

4. If O2 is to be calibrated, press Key 0 to return to the Gas Calibration Screen. 

5. If no further calibration is required, turn off the calibration gas cylinder. Remove the gas 

hose attached to gas sample port. Leave the exhaust port hose connected. Turn on the pump 

and purge instrument with air for 60 seconds (CO2 concentration should read 0.00%). Press 

Key 0 twice to return to Main Menu Screen. 

Oxygen Calibration- Zero Oxygen 

1. There are two calibration gas mixtures used for the calibration of O2. The CH4/CO2

calibration gas previously used to calibrate the CH4 and CO2 and a second calibration gas 

with a mixture of O2 and N2 will be used to set the O2 level. 

2. Press Key 3 “O2 Calibration” on the Gas Calibration Screen. 

3. Press Key 1 “Zero O2”. Read the O2 Gas Concentration on the screen. It should read very 

near to 0.00% and not change more than a few tenths of one percent. 
2-11 

4. Press Key 1 “Zero Level”. One of two of the following screens will appear: 

a. If the “O2 NOT Zeroed” screen displays, return to the O2 Calibration Screen. 

Recheck hose for air leaks and that the calibration gas contains no O2. The gas used 

must be O2 free. Re-zero the O2. If the problem persists, proceed to instructions 

contained in the Factory Settings Calibration section of this manual. 

b. If the “O2 Zeroed OK” Screen displays, turn off the calibration gas and remove the 

hose to the GA-90 from the flow regulator. Press Key 0 “Exit” to return to the O2

Calibration Screen. 

Oxygen Calibration- Oxygen Span 

Note: The calibration gas used in this procedure is a mixture of O2 and balance gas. The O2

concentration by volume can be 2 to 5% with the remainder N2. The instructions assume a 4% 

O2/96% N2 mixture will be used. 

1. Press Key 2 “Calibrate O2 Span” on the O2 Calibration Screen. 

2. Change the calibration gas mixture to O2/N2. Install the regulator/flow meter on the new 

calibration gas mixture. Check and adjust the gas flow to 300 cc and pressure to 2 psig if not 

using the LANDTEC regulator/flow meter. Turn off the gas. 

3. Connect the 1⁄4 inch Tygon tubing from the calibration gas regulator/flow meter to the GA-90 

gas sample port. Attach, if not already attached, the Tygon tubing to the exhaust port of the 

GA-90. Direct the exhaust away from you and out of the immediate area. 

4. Turn on the calibration gas mixture. 

5. Check the calibration gas flow (300 cc) and pressure (2 psig) if not using the LANDTEC 

regulator. 

6. Allow the calibration gas to flow into the GA-90 for two minutes or until the O2 reading 

stabilizes. After two minutes, read the O2 gas concentration from the screen. It should be 

stable and not changing more than a few tenths of one percent. 

7. Press Key 1 “Enter Gas Con” and input the O2 concentration of the calibration gas using the 

keyboard. Enter the percentage using three digits (e.g., 2% O2 would be input as 020). Press 

Key 0 “Exit”. 

8. Press Key 1 “Yes” on the Caution Re-Calibrate Screen. One of two screens will appear. 

a. If the “Calibration Gas NOT Accepted” Screen appears, press Key 1 “Yes” and enter 

the percentage of O2 gas. If the screen still appears, press Key 0 “No” and return to 

the O2 Calibration Menu. Start the procedure again. If the problem persists, proceed 

to the Factory Settings Calibration section of this manual. 
2-12 

b. If the “Re-Calibrated OK” Screen appears, press Key 0 “Exit” to return to the O2

Calibration Screen. Turn off the calibration gas and remove the calibration gas hose 

attached to the gas sample port. Leave the exhaust port hose connected. Press Key 5 

“Pump” to purge instrument with air for 60 seconds. 

9. Optional Step Upper O2 Scale Calibration-The GA-90 was just calibrated on 0 to 5% O2

scale. The 5 to 21% scale can be calibrated using normal air. While on the O2 Calibration 

Screen press Key 5 “Pump” and enter an O2 concentration of 21.0% even though the screen 

will seldom reach more than 20.6%. You have just calibrated the upper O2 scale. To exit, 

press Key 0 until the Main Menu screen appears. 

Factory Settings Calibration 

Note: This procedure eliminates the field calibration done in the above procedures. It is sometimes 

necessary to bring the GA-90 back to factory settings before trying to field calibrate the unit. 

1. From the Gas Calibration Screen, press Key 5 “Factory Settings”. 

2. Press Key 1 “Yes”. 

3. After loading the factory setting, the CH4 and O2 calibration must be re-zeroed prior to use. 
3-1 

Section 3 Operation Procedures 

3.1 Horiba Multiparameter Probe 

1. After the probe is calibrated, immerse the sensor in the sample. 

2. Select the measurement item. Press the MEAS key to switch measurements. 

3. Record measurement data in the groundwater sampling log or store measurement data in the 

instrument memory. 

4. After completion of measurement, turn the power to the instrument off. 

5. Wash off the sensor using distilled water and then wipe off the water drops. 

6. Pour about 20 milliliters (ml) distilled water in the probe cap and install it on the sensor 

probe. 

3.2 MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor 

1. After the MiniRAE 2000 is calibrated, it is ready for immediate operation. 

2. Press the MODE key for one second and release to turn on the instrument. The audio buzzer 

will beep once and the air pump will turn on. The display will show series of information as 

it runs through the start up menu. 

3. Then the “Ready...” message or the instantaneous reading display “0.0 ppm” is displayed. 

4. Press and hold the MODE key for five seconds to turn off the instrument. 

3.3 GEM 2000 Gas Meter 

1. After the GEM 2000 is calibrated, it is ready for immediate measurement. 

2. Turn the instrument on. The instrument will perform a self-test sequence taking 

approximately 20 seconds. 

3. Upon self-test completion, the instrument automatically enters the read gas levels screen. 

4. Connect well sample gas outlet to GEM 2000 and allow gas to flow into the GEM inlet port 

by opening the well sample outlet valve. 

5. Allow gas to flow for 30 seconds, then record and/or save readings. 

6. To turn the instrument off, press and hold the On/Off button for 15 seconds. 
3-2 

3.4 LANDTEC GA-90 Landfill Gas Analyzer 

1. After the LANDTEC GA-90 is calibrated, additional General Utilities functions should be 

addressed prior to sampling. 

a. Key 1 “Check Time/Date” to make sure the data collected is properly date stamped. 

b. Key 9 “More”, then Key 4 “Check Memory” to see if there is enough space in the 

GA-90 for the reading. Otherwise the memory will have to be cleared. 

c. Key 3 “Gas Alarms” if you wish to have the GA-90 alert you to unusual gas 

conditions. 

d. Key 7 “Battery” to check if the battery is charged. 

2. The proper hoses must be connected from the GA-90 to a wellhead in order to collect data. 

a. Connect the Tygon hose to the Sampling Port to measure pressure when connected to 

wellhead static pressure port by tubing. 

b. Connecting to the Pressure Port measures impact pressure when connected to 

wellhead impact pressure port by the tubing. 

c. The Exhaust Port must be kept clear. If blocked while operating, over pressurization 

and damage to internal components and the case could occur. 

d. The Receptacle Port is used for battery recharging, data downloading, and 

temperature readings. 

3. Press Key 2 on the Main Menu Screen. 

4. Press Key 1 “Yes” on the Read Using ID Screen. The Enter ID Screen will display. 

a. Press Key 1 “Scroll” to scroll through ID information. Press Key 2 to select the 

desired ID. 

b. Press Key 2 “Manual” on the Enter ID Screen to assign each monitoring point a 

unique identification. This code must be eight characters long and may be a 

combination of letters and numbers. Typically, the landfill name or an abbreviation 

is used for the first four characters and one letter and three numbers for the second 

four characters. Enter the ID code using number and/or letter mode (Use the BLUE 

Key to switch between numbers and letters). For letters, press Key 1 “Cursor Up” 

and/or Key 6 “Cursor-Down” and enter each letter by pressing Key 0 “Enter”. 

5. Once ID information has been correctly entered, press the Key 1 “Read Gas Levels” 
3-3 

Pressure Measurements 

1. If the ID requires a pressure measurement, a screen will ask whether you wish to zero. Press 

Key 1 for “Yes” and remove all hoses and press any key. Ensure that the pressure indicated 

is 000.00 in water (H2O). If not, zero again. 

2. Once pressure is zeroed, press Key 0 “Exit”. Reconnect the hose to the pressure port and 

press any key to continue. 

3. The well or probe pressure will be shown. Press Key 1 to store this reading. The Reading 

Stored Screen will be shown for three seconds before returning to the previous screen. An 

updated pressure may be stored by repeating this step. 

Gas Measurements 

1. To continue to gas measurement, press Key 0. After reconnecting the hose to the sample 

port, press any key. 

2. Press Key 5 “Pump” to turn the pump on and draw a gas sample. Allow readings on the left 

side of the screen to become stable (about 60 seconds) before pressing Key 6 “Store”. 

3. Press Key 5 “Pump” to turn the pump off. 

4. Press Key 1 “LEL” to display the Lower Explosive Limit Screen. Press Key 0 “Exit” when 

finished. 

Gas Sample Temperature and Probe Depth 

1. Press Key 2 “More” to display gas sample temperature and probe depth. 

2. Leading zeros must be inserted for both temperature and depth (e.g., 78 degrees Fahrenheit 

(°F) would be entered as 078 and 5 feet 6 inches would be entered as 00506). 

3. Press Key 6 “Store” and Key 4 “ID” to advance to next programmed ID. 

4. After pressing Key 4 “ID”, the pump will automatically shut off if it is still on. Press Key 5 

“Purge” and follow screen instructions to perform purge. You should purge after each 

sample. 

5. Press Key 1 “Next ID” to begin with the next sample and repeat above steps. If an alternate 

ID needs to be located, select Key 2 “Retry” and select an alternate ID. 

Read Gas-Logging Function 

Six hours of automatic gas data logging is possible as long as the batteries are fully charged. The 

logging time interval is from five to 60 minutes. The well to be logged must have an ID already 

stored.
3-4 

1. Connect hose to gas sample port. 

2. Press Key 8 to start the logging function. 

3. Input a sampling time interval of five to 60 minutes and press Key 0 to exit. 

4. The next screen allows the user to select the running time for the pump. There are five 

choices ranging from 15 to 90 seconds. Input a time and press Key 0 to exit. 

5. To end logging, press Key 0 “Stop Logging”. 
4-1 

Section 4 Maintenance Procedures 

4.1 Horiba Multiparameter Probe 

Sensor Probe 

After use, wash with distilled water and wipe off all contamination. Pour about 20 ml of distilled 

water into the probe cap, install it on the sensor probe, and store in the carrying case. 

In order to use the instrument regularly for a long time, store it after wiping off all contamination 

from the cable, sensor probe, and sensors. 

TEMP/COND/TURB Unit 

1. To remove contamination, remove the lid from the cell. 

2. Clean the unit in distilled water. If the unit is severely contaminated, use an absorbent cotton 

to remove contamination. 

3. Attach the lid to the cell block before storage. 

pH/ORP Sensor 

To remove contamination, use a piece of gauze dampened with detergent and wipe off the 

contamination. 

For long-term storage, remove the sensor from the sensor probe and check that the internal solution 

replenishment port is closed. Then, attach a seal to the liquid junction and attach the rubber caps 

before storage. 

For monthly maintenance, replace the internal solution as described below: 

1. remove the sensor from the sensor probe using a sensor spanner; 

2. open the internal solution replenishment rubber stopper and remove the internal solution 

with a syringe; 

3. inject new internal solution to the level near the rubber stopper. Be careful to avoid air 

bubbles from coming in the solution; and 

4. attach the sensor to the sensor probe. 

DO Sensor 

To remove contamination, wipe off contamination with gauze to avoid damage to the diaphragm. 
4-2 

For long-term storage, remove the DO sensor from the sensor probe using a sensor spanner. Set the 

supplied short socket and store the sensor in a cool (0 to 10 oC), dark place. 

To replace the diaphragm: 

1. Cut a diaphragm sheet to about 3 x 3 centimeters (cm) in size. Do not get any fingerprints or 

dust on the center part of the square. 

2. Detach the DO sensor from the sensor probe. 

3. Detach the protection tube that holds the diaphragm in place. 

4. Detach the diaphragm retaining ring and diaphragm. Replace the diaphragm retaining ring 

and diaphragm if damaged or no longer functional. 

5. Set the sensor in the replacement stand and fill the internal solution with the attached syringe 

until the sensor tip is soaked with the solution. 

6. Fit the diaphragm retaining ring into the diaphragm retaining plate. Then, lay the diaphragm 

over the sensor and carefully cover with the ring and plate so that the diaphragm does not 

wrinkle. Finally, remove the retaining plate. 

7. Cut the draped edge of the diaphragm to the shape of the sensor. 

8. Check that there are no bubbles inside the sensor and tighten the protection tube securely. 

9. Check that the diaphragm is tightly attached and that it is not wrinkled. 

4.2 MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor 

Battery Charging and Replacement 

Recharge the MiniRAE 2000 before and after fieldwork. A fully charged battery runs a MiniRAE 

2000 monitor for 10 hours continuously. The charging time is less than 10 hours for a fully 

discharged battery. The battery may be replaced in the field (in an area known to be non-hazardous) 

if required. 

Replacing Battery Pack 

1. Turn off the power of the MiniRAE 2000. 

2. Unscrew the two battery compartment screws located on the bottom of the monitor and 

remove the cover. 

3. Remove the battery pack from the compartment. 
4-3 

4. Replace with a fully charged spare battery pack inside the battery compartment. Make sure 

the battery pack is oriented properly inside the compartment. 

5. Close the battery cover and tighten the two screws. 

Replacing Alkaline Battery Adapter 

1. Insert four fresh “AA” size alkaline batteries into the alkaline battery holder. Make sure that 

the polarity of the batteries is correct. 

2. Follow the same procedure as described above to replace the battery holder. 

Note: The internal charging circuit is designed to prevent charging to alkaline batteries. 

PID Sensor and Lamp Cleaning/Replacement 

Note: Normally the cleaning procedure is not needed. Clean the PID sensor module, the lamp, and 

the lamp housing only when one of the following happened: 

1. the reading is inaccurate even after calibration; 

2. the reading is very sensitive to air moisture; or 

3. a chemical liquid has entered into the unit and damaged the unit. 

Use of the water trap filter will help prevent contamination. 

To access the sensor components and lamp, gently unscrew the lamp-housing cap. Remove the 

sensor adapter with the gas inlet probe and the metal filter together. Then, hold the PID sensor and 

pull straight out to avoid bending the electrical pins on the sensor. A slight gentle rocking motion 

helps to release the sensor. 

To Clean the PID Sensor: 

1. Place the entire PID sensor module into analytical grade methanol. 

2. Dry the sensor thoroughly. Never touch the electrodes of the sensor by hand.

3. Use a methanol-soaked cotton swab to wipe off the lamp housing where it contacts the 

sensor when the sensor is installed. 

4. Turn over the sensor so that the pins point out and up and the sensor cavity is visible. 

Examine the sensor electrodes for any corrosion, damage, or bending out of alignment. The 

metal sensor electrode “fingers” should be flat and straight. If necessary, carefully bend the 

sensor fingers to ensure that they do not touch the Teflon portions and that they are parallel 

to each other. Make sure that the nuts on the sensor pins are snug but not over tight. If the 

sensor is corroded or otherwise damaged, it should be replaced. 
4-4 

4.3 GEM 2000 Gas Meter 

Battery/Charging 

The battery used in the GEM 2000 is a Nickel Metal Hydride manufactured as an encapsulated pack 

from six individual cells. This type of battery is not susceptible to “memory effects” although it is 

not recommended that the unit be given short-term charges. When the flashing light emitting diode 

(LED) indicates “Charging Complete”, disconnect the charger. 

The battery charger indicates when the unit is charging, charged, or if there is a fault. A full charge 

should take approximately two hours. 

Taking Probe Readings 

Prior to going to the test site, ensure: 

• the water trap has a clean and dry filter; 

• the inlet-port particulate filter is clean and dry; 

• a supply of spare filters is available; 

• the battery has a good charge; 

• the CH4, CO2, and O2 readings have been auto-zeroed, without gas concentration present; 

and 

• check the span calibration with a known concentration calibration gas. 

Travel to the site with the instrument in the vehicle’s interior – not in the trunk or truck bed, where it 

may be subjected to extremes of temperature and possible shock damage. This may cause erroneous 

readings. 

When moving around the site, protect the instrument from strong direct sunlight, heavy rain, or 

wind-chill. Strong direct sunlight can raise the temperature of the instrument beyond its operating 

range. If this occurs, the liquid crystal display (LCD) will appear almost black and the contrast 

setting cannot alter the contrast. 

4.4 LANDTEC GA-90 Landfill Gas Analyzer 

Battery/Charging 

The internal battery pack of the GA-90 is designed to be recharged many times but as with all 

nickel-cadmium cells, certain rules should be observed or the batteries will not provide their full 

power or charge cycles. 
4-5 

1. Discharge the batteries by setting logging function for a five minute interval and pump 

running to 90 seconds. The unit will run until batteries are discharged. 

2. Charge batteries for at least 14 hours. LANDTEC chargers will not over charge batteries. 

3. Never try to operate the GA-90 while batteries are charging. 

4. When charging the battery overnight, lay the GA-90 flat or stand upright. 

5. If the unit is to be stored for a long period, charge the internal batteries prior to storage. Recharge the unit every two months during storage and store flat or the O2 sensor may 

ultimately dry out. This condition can be corrected with normal use. 

Battery Shut-Off 

A circuit within the GA-90 continuously monitors the battery voltage. If the battery voltage falls 

below a predetermined level, the unit will automatically shut itself off in order to prevent memory 

loss. If the unit shuts itself off, the unit requires a full charge of 14 hours to restore the battery to its 

maximum level. 

Battery Low Symbol 

When the battery voltage drops below 60% capacity, a Battery Symbol will appear on the top right 

corner of the display screen. Approximately two hours of full pump power remain when the symbol 

is displayed. 

Automatic Power-Off 

The GA-90 has an automatic power-off time to conserve battery power. If no key is pressed for 15 

minutes, the unit will automatically switch itself off (no stored readings will be lost). 

Emergency Battery Power 

In emergencies, the GA-90 may be operated with six “C” sized alkaline batteries. To use alkaline 

cells, remove the nickel-cadmium battery pack by using a Phillips screw driver on the back battery 

compartment and insert the “C” cells. DO NOT use the battery charger in conjunction with standard 

alkaline batteries. They can explode if re-charged. 

Cleaning 

The polycarbonate membrane panel may be wiped clean with soapy water and a damp cloth if 

required. 

Dust Caps 

Always keep the protective dust caps in place when ports and connectors are not in use. 
4-6 

Filters 

The unit is equipped with two filters. One filter is in-line in the sample hose and can be easily 

accessed by unscrewing the filter holder. The second filter is located just inside the sample port 

inlet. This filter can be accessed by unscrewing (counter-clockwise) the port using a screwdriver or 

small coin. Inspection/replacement instructions are as follows: 

1. Both filters are sealed with o-rings. Periodically inspect the o-rings to check their condition. 

Replace the o-rings when they become nicked, cut, swelled, or otherwise damaged. DO 

NOT OVERTIGHTEN O-RINGS. 

2. Replace the filter when the sample pump has difficulty drawing a sample of gas into the unit 

or a “Flow Fail” message appears on the screen and a continuous audible warning is heard. 

Storage and Travel 

1. Store the GA-90 in its protective hard case when taking it from site to site. 

2. When in use, keep the GA-90 in its protective soft case. 

3. The unit should not be left out in direct sunlight for long periods of time as this will raise the 

temperature inside the case which could cause damage to components. The GA-90 may not 

operate or may operate erratically if it gets too hot. Let it cool before trying to use. 

 
5-1 

Section 5 Documentation 

The Field Team Leader and Site Health and Safety Officer will review calibration and maintenance 

records on a regular basis to ensure that required maintenance is being performed. These activities 

will be recorded in the field logbook to document that established calibration and maintenance 

procedures have been followed. Entries made on the equipment calibration log regarding the status 

of any field equipment will contain, but are not necessarily limited to, the following information: 

• date and time of calibration; 

• name of person conducting the calibration; 

• type of equipment being serviced, and identification number (such as serial number); 

• reference standard used for calibration (such as pH buffer solutions); 

• calibration and/or maintenance procedure used; and 

• other pertinent information. 

Field instruments will be checked and calibrated prior to their use on site, and batteries will be 

charged and checked daily where applicable. Equipment that fails calibration and/or becomes 

otherwise inoperable during the field investigation will be removed from service and segregated to 

prevent inadvertent use. Such equipment will be properly tagged to indicate that it should not be 

used until the nature of the problem can be determined. Equipment requiring repair or recalibration 

must be approved for use by the Site Manager or Site Health and Safety Officer prior to placement 

back into service. Equipment that cannot be repaired or recalibrated will be replaced. 

All field instruments will be properly protected against inclement weather conditions during the field 

investigation. Each instrument is specially designed to maintain its operating integrity during 

variable temperature ranges that are representative of ranges that will be encountered during 

expected working conditions. At the end of each working day, all field equipment will be taken out 

of the field and placed in a dry room for overnight storage. 
5-2 

This page is intentionally left blank.
Table 5-1: Field Equipment Calibration and Maintenance

Equipment Calibration Procedure Calibration Frequency MaintenaHoriba U22 Multiparameter Probe 

Two-point calibrate instrument. Auto calibrate instrument. 

Every six months. Before each day's use. 

Wash probReplace OReplace DCheck bat

MiniRAE 2000 Factory calibrate instrument. 

Calibrate using 100 ppm isobutylene. 

Annually. Before each day's use. 

Charge ba

GEM 2000 Factory calibrate instrument. 

Calibrate instrument using standard gas mixtures. 

Annually. Before each day's use. 

Charge ba

LANDTEC GA-90 

Factory calibrate instrument. Calibrate instrument using calibration gases. 

Every six months. Before each day’s use. 

Charge baReplace fi

Appendix A: Equipment Calibration Log 

Equipment Calibration Log 

Project Name: Project No. 

DATE TIME INITIALS INSTRUMENT 

CALIBRATION 

SOLUTION OR 

GAS 

CONCENTRATION 

ADJUSTMENTS 

REQUIRED AND 

COMMENTS 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix B: Groundwater Sampling Log, 

Soil Boring Log, and Landfill Gas 

Monitoring Log 

WELL ID: LOCATION: PROJECT NO:

INITIAL WATER LEVEL: DATE: TIME:

TOTAL DEPTH OF WELL: PERSONNEL INVOLVED:

LENGTH OF SATURATED ZONE: WEATHER CONDITIONS:

VOLUME OF WATER TO BE REMOVED: METHOD OF REMOVAL:

WATER LEVEL AFTER PURGING: PUMPING RATE: 

WELL PURGE DATA:

TIME VOLUME 

REMOVED pH COND 

(mS/cm)

TURBIDITY 

(NTU) DO (mg/l) TEMP (o

C) SALINITY 

(%)

REDOX (ORP)

(mV)

SAMPLE RETRIEVAL METHOD: APPEARANCE OF SAMPLE: 

COLOR

SAMPLE ID: TURBIDITY

SAMPLE COLLECTION TIME: SEDIMENT

SAMPLED BY: OTHER

COMMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS:

LABORATORY ANALYSIS PARAMETERS AND PRESERVATIVES:

NUMBER AND TYPES OF SAMPLE CONTAINERS FILLED:

DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES:

SAMPLES DELIVERED TO: TRANSPORTERS:

SAMPLE DELIVERY DATE: SAMPLE DELIVERY TIME:

CAPACITY OF CASING (GALLONS/LINEAR FOOT)

2"-0.16; 4"-0.65; 6"-1.47; 8"-2.61; 10"-4.08; 12"-5.87

GROUNDWATER SAMPLING LOG

SOIL BORING LOG

Project Name: BORING:

Project Number: SHEET: _____of _____

Date: Drilled By: Rig Type:

Logged By: Sampling Method: Hammer Weight (lb):

Total Depth (ft): Sampling Equipment: Hammer Drop (in):

Water Depth (ftDuring Drilling _______Hours After _______ Hours After

Northing (ft): Easting (ft): Elevation (ft):

Borehole Backfill: Comments:

Samples

Depth(feet)TypeNumberSampling ResistanceRecoveryPID Reading (ppm)Graphic Log

Material Description

Notes

Notes: Sample Types: B = Bulk, CAL = California Spoon, GEO = Geoprobe, SS = Split Spoon

T = trace, S = slight, M = moderate, H = highly, ft = feet, ppm = parts per million

NA = not applicable, NE = not encountered, PID = photoionization detector

Landfill Gas Monitoring Log 

Project Name: 

Project No.: Instrument Type/No.: 

Date: Calibration Date: 

Sampler: Ambient Air Readings: 

 CH4: 

 CO2: 

 O2: 

 Hg: 

Gas 

Vent/Probe No. CH4

1

 CO2

1

 O2

1 Pressure 

(mmHg) % LEL2 Sample 

Time Remarks 

Gas Vents: Closed Open 

GV-01 

GV-02 

GV-03 

GV-04 

GV-05 

GV-06 

GV-07 

GV-08 

GV-09 

Gas Probes: 

GP-01 

GP-02 

GP-03 

GP-04 

GP-05 

 

Office 

Structure: 

 Notes: 

 1Gas concentrations are shown as percent volume 2LEL = lower explosive limit which is 5% by volume for methane (CH4) 

 Comments: 

 

 

 

 

Appendix C: Certificate of 

Calibration/Equipment User Logs 

Certificate of Calibration/Equipment User Log 

Instrument Name: LANDTEC GA-90 Landfill Gas Analyzer

CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION 

Date Calibrated Expiration Comments 

29-Jan-10 29-Jul-10 

 

EQUIPMENT USER LOG 

User Name 

Date Date 

Out Returned Comments 

 

Certificate of Calibration/Equipment User Log 

Instrument Name: MiniRAE 2000 Portable VOC Monitor

CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION 

Date Calibrated Expiration Comments 

27-Feb-10 27-Feb-10 

 

EQUIPMENT USER LOG 

User Name 

Date Date 

Out Returned Comments 

 

Certificate of Calibration/Equipment User Log 

Instrument Name: GEM 2000 Gas Meter

CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION 

Date Calibrated Expiration Comments 

 

 

EQUIPMENT USER LOG 

User Name 

Date Date 

Out Returned Comments 

 

Certificate of Calibration/Equipment User Log 

Instrument Name: Horiba Multiparameter Probe

CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION 

Date Calibrated Expiration Comments 

 

 

EQUIPMENT USER LOG 

User Name 

Date Date 

Out Returned Comments 

 











 STANDARD OPERATING 

PROCEDURE 

HEARING CONSERVATION 

Page 1 of 6 

June 2007 

Environet, Inc. 

PRESERVING EARTH’S RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE

Environet 

2850 Pa‘a Street, Suite 212 

Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96819 
Page 2 of 6 

Table of Contents 

Section 1 Purpose......................................................................................................................3

Section 2 Hazard Information..................................................................................................3

Section 3 Requirements ............................................................................................................3

Section 4 Responsibilities .........................................................................................................4

Section 5 Noise Exposure Monitoring .....................................................................................4

Section 6 Training.....................................................................................................................4

Section 7 Hearing Protectors....................................................................................................5

Section 8 Audiometric Testing..................................................................................................5

Section 9 Access to Information, Recordkeeping ....................................................................6
Page 3 of 6 

Section 1 Purpose 

The purpose of this Operating Procedure (OP) is to establish Environet, Inc. (EI) procedures and 

responsibilities for the administration of a hearing conservation program. A proper hearing 

conservation program will reduce the risk of occupationally induced hearing loss and provide 

education and guidance for the prevention of "lifestyle" induced hearing loss. 

Section 2 Hazard Information 

Excessive noise exposure can cause both temporary and permanent effects on hearing. The 

temporary effects of excessive noise include ringing in the ears, interference with 

communication, and hearing threshold changes. The effect of long-term excessive noise 

includes varying degrees of noise induced hearing loss. 

The damaging effects of noise are dependent on the noise intensity (decibels), the time of 

exposure, the noise frequency (Hertz), and individual susceptibility. The Occupational Safety 

and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) and American 

Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) set 

exposure limits based on exposure per day (in hours) and sound intensity (in decibels A scale or 

dBA). Exposures above these limits require use of hearing protection (plugs or muffs) to reduce 

the sound level or the use of noise engineering controls to reduce the sound level. 

It is known that noise intensity above 85 dBA for prolonged periods will induce hearing loss. 

Eighty-five dBA represents a noise level where normal conversation is difficult and individuals 

will be shouting or talking into the ear of the person to be understood. 

Section 3 Requirements 

OSHA regulations issued in late 1981 require a hearing conservation program for workers 

exposed to 85 dBA as an 8-hour time-weighted average. 

The OSHA regulation addresses several requirements for a good hearing conservation program. 

These requirements are as follows: 
Page 4 of 6 

 Noise exposure monitoring 

 Audiometric testing 

 Hearing protectors 

 Training programs 

 Access to information 

 Recordkeeping and posting 

Section 4 Responsibilities 

Each employee has the responsibility to comply with all aspects of this Operating Procedure. 

Managers with input from the Health and Safety Officer (HSO)'s and Site Safety Officer (SSO)'s 

are responsible for enforcing the provisions of this Operating Procedure as it applies to field 

work. Scheduling of audiograms (accomplished through Medical Surveillance) and training are 

the responsibility of the HSO and Corporate Health and Safety Officer (CHSO). 

Section 5 Noise Exposure Monitoring 

The SSO with assistance from the HSO and/or CHSO will determine when noise monitoring is 

required for jobs where EI employees are potentially exposed to excessive noise. The SSO/HSO 

will perform noise monitoring as necessary and make recommendations to assure compliance 

with Section 212.3 of this Operating Procedure. Engineering controls, ear protection, and 

posting may be required to comply with Section 212.3. In jobs where EI is working in a client's 

noisy area, EI personnel will comply with the client's existing hearing conservation program. If 

a client has a noisy area and has no hearing conservation program, EI will establish a plan for its 

employees and subcontractors to be in compliance with Section 212.3. 

Section 6 Training 

All workers required to wear hearing protectors will be trained in their proper use. In addition, 

all workers who may be exposed to greater than 85 dBA will be provided refresher training. 
Page 5 of 6 

This training will include at least the following: (1) Effects of noise on hearing; (2) the purpose, 

selection, fitting, use and care of hearing protectors; and (3) the purpose of audiometric testing 

and an explanation of the test procedure. 

Section 7 Hearing Protectors 

When hearing protectors are required the employee must have received training on the proper 

use. Proper noise reduction ratings will be applied by the HSO/CHSO to the noise in the 

environment. 

Hearing protectors act as barriers to reduce sound entering the ear. Noise Reduction Ratings 

(NRR) for each product reflects the effectiveness of the protector chosen. Generally, muffs offer 

a greater NRR (25-30 dBA) than plugs (15-25 dBA). Comfort is an important factor when 

wearing ear protection over many hours; it is recommended to try different types of plugs or 

muffs to determine the best combination of comfort and fit. 

Section 8 Audiometric Testing 

Audiograms are administered upon employment and annually/biennially thereafter. The 

audiograms are conducted by the medical clinics approved for EI physicals and must meet all the 

applicable requirements (including Appendices C, D, and E of the OSHA Std. Title 29 Code of 

Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.95). The local medical clinic in consultation with Greaney 

Medical will comply with applicable provisions of Title 29 CFR 1910.95(g) with regard to 

recordkeeping. 
Page 6 of 6 

Section 9 Access to Information, 

Recordkeeping 

Each office shall have a copy of Title 29 CFR 1910.95 available for any employee requesting 

access to the standard. Employee training aids shall also be available to any employee. All 

noise monitoring data shall be retained for at least two years and Greaney Medical shall maintain 

the audiometric results for thirty years beyond the last date of employment. 
 STANDARD OPERATING 

PROCEDURE 

INCIDENT REPORTING 

Page 1 of 5 

June 2007 

Environet, Inc. 

PRESERVING EARTH’S RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE

Environet 

2850 Pa‘a Street, Suite 212 

Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96819 
Page 2 of 5 

Table of Contents 

Section 1 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................3

Section 2 Definitions.................................................................................................................3

Section 3 Reporting Procedures ...............................................................................................3

3.1 Reporting Format.............................................................................................................3 

3.2 Responsible Party ............................................................................................................3 

3.3 Filing................................................................................................................................3 

3.4 Major Incidents................................................................................................................4 
Section 1 Purpose and Scope 

All safety and health incidents shall be reported to Environet (EI) management and Safety and 

Health Coordinator. Prompt investigation and reporting of incidents will reduce the risk of future 

incidents, better protect EI employees, and reduce EI liability. 

Section 2 Definitions 

A safety and health incident is any event listed below: 

 Illness resulting from chemical exposure or suspected chemical exposure. 

 Physical injury to EI employees or subcontractors regardless of whether the injury 

requires medical attention. 

 Fire or explosion resulting from activities performed by EI and its subcontractors. 

 Property damage resulting from activities performed by EI and its subcontractors. 

 Vehicular accidents occurring on-site, while traveling to and from client locations, or 

with any company-owned vehicle. 

 Infractions of safety rules and requirements. 

 Unexpected chemical exposures. 

 Complaints from the public regarding EI field operations. 

Section 3 Reporting Procedures 

3.1 Reporting Format 

Incident reports shall be prepared by completing Form SOP-103. This form may be obtained from 

any EI Health and Safety Officer (HSO) and is attached to this operating procedure. 

3.2 Responsible Party 

Reports of incidents occurring in the field shall be prepared by the Site HSO or, in the absence of the 

Site HSO, the supervising field engineer, witness, or injured/exposed individual. 

3.3 Filing 

A report must be submitted to the Safety and Health Coordinator within 24 hours of each incident 

involving medical treatment. The Safety and Health Coordinator will deliver a copy of the report to 

Page 3 of 5 
Page 4 of 5 

the Vice President of Operations within 48 hours of each qualifying incident so that a Worker's 

Compensation Insurance Report can be filed if necessary. 

3.4 Major Incidents 

Incidents that include fatalities, hospitalization of employees or subcontractors, or involve 

injury/illness of the public shall be reported to the Project Manager and Safety and Health 

Coordinator as soon as possible. Any contact with the media should be referred to the Project 

Manager and Vice President of Operations. Major incidents that result in death or injury to 3 or 

more persons admitted to a hospital or damages in excess of $200,000 shall be reported to the 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 
 EI SAFETY AND HEALTH INCIDENT REPORT 

Project Name: _____________________ 

Project Number: ______________________ 

Date of Incident: _____________________ 

Time of Incident: _____________________ 

Location: _____________________ 

 _____________________ 

TYPE OF INCIDENT (Check all applicable items) 

 Illness  Fire, explosion, flash 

 Injury  Unexpected exposure 

 Property Damage  Vehicular Accident 

 Health & Safety Infraction 

 Other (describe) _____________________________ 

DESCRIPTION OF INCIDENT (Describe what happened and possible cause. Identify individual involved, witnesses, and their 

affiliations; and describe emergency or corrective action taken. Attach additional sheets, drawings, or photographs as needed.) 

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________ 

Reporting Person: 

_______________________________ 

 Print Name 

________________________________

_ 

 Signature 

 ___________________ 

 Date 

Reporting person must deliver this report to the EI Safety and Health Coordinator within 24 hours of the reported incident if medical 

treatment was required and within five days for all other incidents. 

Reviewed by: ____________________________________________ ___________________ 

 Safety and Health Coordinator Date 

Distribution: 

 - Vice President of Operations 

 - Project Manager 

Page 5 of 5 
Page 1 of 11 

 STANDARD OPERATING 

PROCEDURE 

SAMPLE HANDLING AND 

SHIPPING 

June 2007 

 Environet, Inc. 

 PRESERVING EARTH’S RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE

2850 Pa‘a Street, Suite 212 

Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96819 
Page 2 of 11 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Section 1 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................3

Section 2 Responsible Personnel..............................................................................................4

Section 3 Material and Equipment...........................................................................................5

Section 4 Procedures.................................................................................................................6

4.1 Sample Containers and Presvative...................................................................................6 

4.2 Container Labeling, Decontamination, and Field Packaging ..........................................6 

4.3 Chain of Custody .............................................................................................................7 

4.3.1 Tampering of Sample Containers .............................................................................7 

4.3.2 Chain of Custody Form.............................................................................................8 

4.4 Field Data Documentation...............................................................................................8 

4.5 Packaging and Shipping...................................................................................................9 

List of Forms 

Chain of Custody 
Page 3 of 11 

Section 1

Purpose and Scope 

This document defines the standard operating procedure (SOP) for sample handling and 

shipping including containerizing, preserving, handling, and shipping of samples collected 

during the site sample handling. This SOP serves as a supplement to the project work plan. 
Page 4 of 11 

Section 2

Responsible Personnel 

The Environet Site Manager is responsible for conducting and/or overseeing sample, 

handling, and shipping. The project organization and responsibilities are outlined in the 

project work plan. 
Page 5 of 11 

Section 3

Material and Equipment 

The following list of equipment is not intended to be task specific. The equipment and 

materials listed may be needed for sample handling, packaging, and shipping. 

• 12 x 12 inch re-sealable plastic bags 

• Large plastic trash bags 

• Blue ice 

• Shipping coolers (sample transport) 

• Bubble wrap 

• Latex gloves 

• Self-adhesive sample labels 

• Shipping Labels (i.e., "Fragile", "This Side Up", etc.) 

• Shipping forms (provided by shipping courier) 

• Tape (i.e., clear cellophane tape, packing tape (reinforced strapping or duct), and 

custody sealing tape) 

• Detergent for sample container exterior decontamination (phosphate free) 

• Refrigerator 

• Wash/rinse tubs with brushes 

• Distilled/deionized water (DI water) 

• Pre-certified clean sample containers (e.g., glass, polyethylene), as specified in 

the SAP 

• 4 x 4 inch Teflon® film (for capping core tubes, if used) 

• Preservatives (e.g., hydrochloric acid, nitric acid), as specified in SAP 

• pH paper 

• Paper towels 

• Disposable pipettes and bulb 
Page 6 of 11 

Section 4

Procedures 

The following procedures for containerizing, preserving, handling, and shipping samples 

meet criteria as specified by United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) guidelines. 

4.1 Sample Containers and Preservative 

Only sample containers certified as clean by the manufacturer or laboratory and meeting 

contract requirements will be used for environmental sample collection. The containers and 

preservatives may be obtained from the contracted analytical laboratory, their designated 

supplier, or a suitable supply company. Any preservative(s) required may be added to the 

container by the contracted analytical laboratory, field sampling team, and/or on-site chemist 

prior to, during or after sample collection (with the exception of volatiles). 

Recommended sample containers, preservatives, and holding times for analytical methods, 

are shown in the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP). 

4.2 Container Labeling, Decontamination, and Field 

Packaging 

The sample bottles will be labeled by the field sampling team. Collection time and date will 

be completed in the field by the sampler. The labels will be filled out at the time of collection 

and indicate: 

• Activity name and/or number 

• Unique sample number 

• Sample time and date 

• Chemical preservative used 

• Sample type (grab, composite) 

• Analyses required 

• Filtered/unfiltered 

• Comments or special precautions, as needed 

• Sampler's initials 

The sample label will be marked with a waterproof pen. Clear tape will be placed over labels 

before sampling to assure that the labels remain legible. 

After sampling, the exterior of the sample containers will be decontaminated according to the 

Decontamination SOP, and placed in coolers dedicated for sample transportation. The 

collected samples will be immediately placed in a cooler packed with wet ice, or other 
Page 7 of 11 

appropriate means to bring the sample temperatures to 4° ± 2°C. Samples will not be frozen. 

The temperature in the coolers will be maintained at approximately 4°C by adding sealed 

plastic bags containing blue ice (or an equivalent) to the coolers. 

4.3 Chain of Custody 

Official custody of samples will be maintained and documented from the time of collection 

until the time that valid analytical results have been obtained or the laboratory has been 

released to dispose of the samples. The sampling team will be responsible for initiating the 

original chain of custody (COC) and will sign and date the COC when relinquishing sample 

custody. The COC and sample labels will be checked to verify that samples are accounted for 

and in good condition, and that no errors were made. 

A sample is considered to be in a person's custody if any of the following conditions are met: 

• The sample is in the person's physical possession. 

• The sample is in the line of sight of the person after they have taken possession. 

• The sample is secured by that person to prohibit any tampering. 

• A sample is secured by the person in possession in an area which only authorized 

personnel can enter. 

4.3.1 Tampering of Sample Containers 

If, at any time after samples have been secured, custody seals on the cooler are identified as 

having been tampered with, this procedure will be followed to ensure that sample integrity 

has not been compromised. 

• Check cooler to verify the temperature is between 2°C to 6°C. 

• Check with personnel having access to sample coolers to verify possible 

inadvertent tampering. 

• Check every sample container for any signs of tampering, such as loose lids, 

foreign objects in containers, broken or leaking containers, etc. 

• Verify adequate and appropriate packaging. 

• Document findings of the incident in the sample manager's logbook. 

If it is determined that malicious tampering of samples has occurred and/or it is believed that 

sample integrity has been compromised, the subcontractor will immediately contact the site 

manager. 

If it can be determined that sample integrity has not been compromised based on the above 

criteria, document findings in a logbook. 
Page 8 of 11 

4.3.2 Chain of Custody Form 

A three-page carbonless COC form will be used. A COC is shown at the end of this SOP. 

The original and second (or yellow) copy will be included with the samples to be shipped 

enclosed in a plastic bag and taped inside the lid of the cooler. The third (or pink) copy will 

be sent to the Environet Data/Sample Manager, and the photocopy of the original will remain 

on file with the field personnel. The contract laboratory will sign as having received the 

samples and return the yellow copy of the COC to Environet for verification by the Environet 

Data/Sample Manager. The yellow and pink copies will then be matched and filed to 

complete the chain of custody procedure for the field sampling efforts. The white (original) 

will be placed in the appropriate data package by the laboratory. The COC will include the 

following information: 

• Unique sample number and sample location 

• Project number 

• Date and time of sample collection 

• Signature or initials of collector or field custodian 

• Laboratory designation 

• Sample matrix 

• Condition of sample cooler on receipt at the laboratory (includes temperature 

inside the cooler) 

• COC number 

• Signature and date blocks for personnel relinquishing or receiving sample custody 

• Space for additional comments 

• Name and phone number of emergency contact person 

• Analyses requested 

• Preservatives added to the sample 

• Any nonconformance with this SOP identified by the laboratory 

4.4 Field Data Documentation 

Field descriptions, measurements, and observations will be recorded on the appropriate field 

data forms or logbook in accordance with the SAP and appropriate SOPs. The original data 

forms will be collected and filed on-site by the designated staff. Data will also be recorded in 

field logbooks. Field data will be filled out at the time a sample is taken and will include, but 

not be limited to, the following information: 

• Sampling activity name and number 

• Sampling point name and number 

• Sample number 

• Name(s) of collector(s) and others present 

• Date and time of sample collection 

• Sample container tag/label number (if appropriate) 

• Preservative(s) used 
Page 9 of 11 

• Requested analyses 

• Sample matrix 

• Filtered/unfiltered 

• Designation of QC samples (ONLY for MS and MSD) 

• Collection methods 

• COC numbers 

• Field observations and measurements during sampling (comment section) 

• Signature of responsible observer 

4.5 Packaging and Shipping 

Samples will be packaged properly to prevent breakage of containers, leakage of contents, 

and to ensure the samples arrive at the analytical laboratory within the required temperature 

range of 2°C to 6°C. The following procedures will be followed during the packaging and 

shipping process. 

• Check container lids and tighten as necessary. 

• Wrap individual sample containers, if glass, with bubble wrap. 

• Place sample containers in re-sealable plastic bags as secondary containment. 

• Place sufficient amounts of bubble wrap in the bottom and sides of the shipping 

cooler to prevent movement of contents. 

• Add double bagged ice to the cooler in quantities adequate to maintain required 

temperature of 2°C to 6°C. Line the bottom, sides and top of cooler to ensure 

proper shipment temperature. (Using six pieces of blue ice per 48 qt. cooler is not 

uncommon) 

• Line the inside of the area created by the ice placement with a plastic trash bag 

and place the wrapped samples inside in an upright position. 

• Tie shut the trash bag holding the samples. 

• Fill excess space in the cooler with packing material (i.e. bubble wrap) to prevent 

movement of sample containers. 

• Review the previously completed COC paperwork and sample packaging before 

proceeding. 

• The white and yellow portions of the COC are then placed inside a plastic bag, 

and taped inside of the cooler lid. 

• Close the cooler lid and seal with appropriate packaging tape in a manner to 

prevent inadvertent opening during shipment. 

• Place two custody seals on the cooler in separate areas that would indicate if 

tampering had occurred. 

The following markings will be placed on the top of the cooler: 

• This end up 
Page 10 of 11 

• Fragile 

• Next day priority service 

• Shipment delivery address 

• Sender's return address 

• A completed shipping bill should be made for the carrier of choice and taped to 

the top of the cooler using the envelope provided by the shipper. 

• The express carrier should be called to arrange pick-up of the cooler(s), or 

delivered to the nearest carrier's office. 

• The pink copy of the shipping bill should be retained by the sample manager for 

attachment to the pink copy of the corresponding COC(s). 

An express carrier will be used to aid in meeting sample holding time requirements. The 

Environet Site Manager or designee is responsible for verifying that samples collected by the 

field team have been properly packed in ice chests and for verifying the accuracy and 

completeness of sample labels and COC forms. 

The following is a summary of steps to be followed to verify that paperwork is complete: 

• Prepare sample labels prior to sampling for sampling crew. 

• Receive samples from decontamination/sampling crews. 

• Check or complete the COC form(s). 

• Pack samples in cooler and verify COC accuracy. 

• Verify all labels and forms to meet shipping requirements. 

• Photocopy the COC(s) and retain the photocopy and pink copy for Environet 

files. 

• Send original COC(s) (white and yellow copy) to the contract laboratory. 

• Photocopy field notes if required and send with COC. 

• Obtain pink copy of shipping bill and staple to pink portion of corresponding 

COC(s).