DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIBECTOB

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 236

THE QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS 

IN THE UNITED STATES

PART I.-ANALYSES OF WATERS EAST OF THE 

ONE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN

BY

R. B. DOLE

PROPERTY CF 

S* GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1909
CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction............................................................ 5

Previous investigations................................................... 6

History of the present investigation....................................... 7

Acknowledgments........................................................ 8

Methods of examination.................................................. 9

General discussion.................................................... 9

Collection of samples.................................................. 10

Division of composite sample.............. '. ........................... 10

Turbidity............................................................ 11

Total sjuspended solids................................................ 12

Total (Jissolved solids................................................ 13

Silica................................................................ 15

Iron................................................................. 16

Calciuta............................................................ 17

Magnesium........................................................... 19

Sulphate radicle..................................................... 20

Sodium and potassium............................................... 20

Carbonate and bicarbonate radicles.................................... 21

Chlorine............................................................ 22

Nitrates.............................................................. 22

Total ajcidity........................................................ 23

Total iron............................................................ 23

Preparation of solutions...............'................................ 24

Twentieth-normal potassium permanganate......................... 24

Ammonium acetate............................................... 24

Standard sodium ammonium phosphate solution.................... 24

Standard uranium solution........................................ 24

Methyl orange................................................... 25

Phenolphthalein................................................. 25

Fiftieth-normal potassium acid sulphate........................... 25

Potassium chromate solution..................................... 25

Standard salt solution............................................ 26

Standard silver solution ........................................... 26

Standard nitrate solution......................................... 26

Phlenolsulphonic acid............................................ 26

Tenth-normal sodium carbonate ................................... 26

Departures from regular procedures................................... 27

General departures.............................................. 27

Analyses of Mississippi River...................................... 27

Analyses of Androscoggin River.................................. 27

Analyses of southern rivers....................................... 28

. Probable accuracy of estimates............................................ 28

Theoretical limits of accuracy......................................... 28

Comparison of the sum and total solids................................. 30

3
4 CONTENTS.

Probable accuracy of estimates Continued. Page.

Error of combining values ............................................. 31

Methods of computation........................................... 31

Relation between total solids and percentage of error................ 34

Relation between source and percentage of error .................... 36

Relation between amount of water and percentage of error........... 38

Rejection of analyses................................................ 38

Method of expressing analytical results..................................... 39

Statement in parts per million........................................ 39

Statement in ionic form............................................... 39

Location of sampling stations............................................. 42

Analytical results......................................................... 46

Index.................................................................. 121
THE QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE UNITED

STATES.

PART 1. ANALYSES OF WATERS EAST OF THE 

ONE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

By R. B. DOLE.

INTRODUCTION. i

In thej present period of increased scrutiny and careful analysis of 

the production costs of industrial processes manufacturers are giving 

more attention than formerly to the quality of water supplies, 

because water in some form is necessary for the operation of every 

industrial establishment. During the last twenty years tl e practical 

man has been obliged to modify his views, previously limited only 

by the quantity of available water, by considering the part of his 

manufacturing cost that is due to the use of water unsuited to his 

processes. In the adoption of water for domestic supply one of the 

most imjportant features that affects its value is its potability, which 

is determined principally by its freedom from dangerous, ill-smelling, 

or bad-tasting organisms. In the application of water to industrial 

use, however, biologic features are usually secondary in importance, 

and the) suitability of the supply depends on the amount of mineral 

matter that is dissolved or suspended in it. This is especially true 

of waters which are used for steam making, for paper manufacture, 

and for some other processes. The hygienic quality, as well as the 

physical and chemical characteristics, must be given due weight in 

some industries, such as starch making, brewing, distilling, and ice 

manufacture, but the industrial water problem is primarily a consideration of the mineral substances contained in the supplies. As 

water dissolves more or less of everything with which it comes in 

contact, natural waters contain a great variety of matter in solution 

and in suspension, and their relative purity depends on the locality 

from which they come. Waters that have percolated through limestone are hard; those that have traversed regions of alkali are alkaline; the run-off from swamps is colored and contains much organic

5
6 STJBFACE WATEBS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

matter; the drainage from populated districts is polluted by diseasebearing organisms that render it unpotable. It is essential, therefore, to study the composition of river waters and their adaptability 

to different industrial processes.

The tremendous importance that the mineral quality of water has 

attained in these fields led the Geological Survey to undertake a 

detailed study of the quality of industrial water supplies, both surface and underground, and it became advisable during this investigation to procure information regarding the chemical composition of 

the waters of the lakes and streams of the United States. This 

volume, which forms Part 1 of the complete report, presents the 

detailed results of analyses of surface waters east of the one hundredth 

meridian. It gives merely the methods of analysis, the location of 

the sampling stations, and the analytical results, because the demand 

for the data has been great enough to justify the publication of the 

analyses before their detailed discussion. Part 2 will discuss the 

analyses in relation to stream flow, climate, forestation, geologic 

environment, pollution, and other factors. Another report now in 

preparation will consider the quality of the waters in special reference 

to their availability for industrial use, and a paper on chemical 

denudation in the United States will discuss aqueous erosion in relation to geologic time. For river waters in Illinois only the average 

chemical composition is given in the present volume, as detailed 

analyses of the waters from that State, with discussions, are to be 

included in a separate report.

PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS.

A few series of analyses representing samples of water collected 

systematically from some rivers and lakes in the United States have 

been published. The greater part of such work, however, has been 

performed for the purpose of obtaining information regarding the 

potability of water supplies rather than regarding their availability 

for industrial use, and as a result of this somewhat one-sided activity 

the data have reference to inorganic constituents only through, determinations that are more or less incidental in sanitary water analysis. 

Yet the information in work of that character, especially in respect 

to estimates of total solids, chlorine, hardness, alkalinity, aid iron, is 

valuable in general comparisons and is worth the attentior. of those 

who are interested in the mineral characteristics of waters. Especially valuable investigations of this nature have been conducted at 

Boston, Mass.,a Lawrence, Mass., 6 New Orleans, La., c New York,

a Boston Water Board, Ann. Repts., 1880 et seq.

6 Reports of the Lawrence sewage experiment station.

e Sewerage and Water Board Report, New Orleans.
HISTOKY OF THE PBESENT INVESTIGATION. 7

N. Y.,° Louisville, Ky., 6 Cincinnati, Oliio, c St. Louis, Mo./ and in 

Massachusetts, 6 Ohio/ and Illinois. d

Several hundred more or less complete analyses of surface waters 

can be found in the bulletins, water-supply papers, and other reports 

of the United States Geological Survey, in reports of state geological 

surveys, in bulletins of agricultural experiment stations, and in publications of scientific societies. Probably a still larger number remain 

unpublished in the hands of railroad and other industrial chemists, 

to whom the composition of water supplies is extremely important. 

All such data, though they are usually excellent in quality and 

undoubtedly valuable in many respects, are limited in their application, because the small number of samples that were collected from 

each source make it doubtful whether figures representing even 

approximately the maximum and minimum conditions of quality 

were encountered and whether averages of such analyses represent 

the average chemical composition of the waters considered.

The serial analyses of waters from the Rio Grande at Mesilla, 

N. Mex., by Goss,^ and from Colorado River at Yuma and Salt River 

at Mesa, Ariz., by Forbes and Skinner,fe deserve separate mention. 

In 1906 and 1907 series of samples of water from streams ir the arid 

States were analyzed for the Reclamation Service by C. H. Stone and 

F. M. Eaton under the direction of W. H. Heileman, but the results 

of that study have not yet been published.

HISTORY OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION.

In the [spring of 1905 arrangements were effected under which 

samples of water from Androscoggin River at Brunswick, Me., were 

collected lor a year and analyzed by Prof. F. C. Robinson, of Bowdoin College, and from Mississippi River at New Orleans, La., by 

J. L. Portkr, of the New Orleans Water and Sewerage Board. In the 

winter of 1905-6 a cooperative agreement between the United States 

Geological Survey and the State Board of Examiners of California 

was effected, under which samples of river water were collected at 20 

stations in that State, united in sets of ten, and analyzed. This 

cooperation continued for one year and was resumed in tl ^ fall of

o Report of the commission on additional water supply of the city of New York, 1904.

6 Fuller, G. w., Report on the investigations into the purification of the Ohio River water at Louisville, 

Ky.,1898. '

c Board of trustees and commissioners of waterworks, Cincinnati: Report on the investigation into <jhe 

purification of the Ohio River water for the improved water supply for the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, 1899.

<* Reynolds, A. R., Report of streams examination of the waters between Lake Michigan at Chicago and 

the Mississippi River at St. Louis, 1902. Long, J. H., Chemical and bacterial examinations of the 

waters of the Illinois River and its tributaries; report of the sanitary investigations of the Illinois River 

and its tributaries: Illinois State Board of Health, 1901. Palmer, A. W., Chemical survey of the waters 

of Illinois: Report for the years 1897-1902, University of Illinois, 1903.

e Massachusetts State Board of Health, Ann. Repts., 1890 to date.

/ Ohio StatejBoard of Health, Ann. Repts., 1898 to date.

a Goss, Arthur, Bull. New Mexico Agr. Exper. Sta. No. 34,1900.

6 Forbes, E.IH., and Skinner, W. W., Bull. Univ. Arizona Agr. Exper. Sta. No. 44,1902.
8 SUEFACE WATEES EAST OF THE HTJNDEEDTH MERIDIAN.

1907, when several new stations were established for daily collection 

of water samples. Sixty-two stations were established ia July, 1906, 

for the daily collection of samples of water from the principal rivers 

east of the one hundredth meridian, and arrangements were made 

for the collection of monthly samples from each of the Great Lakes 

and from St. Lawrence River. Shortly after that time r. cooperative 

agreement was effected with the Illinois State Water Survey, the State 

Geological Survey of Illinois, and the engineering department of the 

University of Illinois for the purpose of investigating the quality of 

surface waters in that State, and 26 sampling stations were maintained 

. for one year. A similar arrangement was made at the same time 

with the Kansas State Board of Health and the University of Kansas, 

and 24 stations for the collection of daily samples of riv^ water were 

maintained in Kansas also for one year. The entire investigation 

was made under the direction of M. O. Leighton, chief 1 ydrographer 

of the United States Geological Survey.

The samples collected in the New England, Middle, and EastCentral States were shipped to Washington, D. C., where they were 

analyzed by R. B. Dole, M. G. Roberts, Chase Palmer, and W. D. 

Collins, of the Survey. Samples collected in the Southern States 

were shipped to Athens, Ga., and were analyzed in a branch laboratory at that point by J. R. Evans. When this laboratory was 

discontinued in May, 1907, part of the samples were transferred to 

a laboratory maintained at Norfolk, Va., where they were analyzed 

by W. D. Collins. The analyses of waters from the Middle-Western 

States, except Illinois and Kansas, were made in a branch laboratory at Iowa City, Iowa, by W. M. Barr, H. S. Spaulding, and Walton Van Winkle. The Illinois analyses were performed in the laboratory of the state water survey at Urbana, 111., by W. D. Collins 

and C. K. Calvert. The Kansas samples were shipped to Lawrence, 

Kans., where they were tested in the laboratory of the University 

of Kansas by F. W. Bushong and A. J. Weith, under the direction 

of E. H. S. Bailey. The analyses of waters collected in California 

during 1906 were made in the Reclamation Service laboratory at 

Berkeley, by F. M. Eaton and P. L. McCreary, chemists detailed 

by the Geological Survey. The California analyses during 1907-8 

were made in the same laboratory by Walton Van Twinkle. The 

gage-height data, chiefly from field work under the direction of 

«T. C. Hoyt, were collated by Herman Stabler.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

So much voluntary assistance was accorded this work that reference by name to all the cooperators is impracticable. More than 

half the daily samples were collected absolutely free of charge under 

the direction of superintendents of waterworks and bv other per-
METHODS OF EXAMINATION. 9

sons inteijested in the work. Special acknowledgment is due to 

the Weatjher Bureau, United States Department of Agriculture, 

for the collection of water samples in South Carolina, Georgia, and 

Alabama, i and for the privilege of using several series of gage heights. 

Through ijhe courtesy of the authorities in charge at the University 

of Iowa and the University of Georgia the Survey was f irnished 

with laboratory space and other facilities for the efficient performance of analytical work. The University of California has furnished quarters for the laboratory at Berkeley since its eHablishment in the spring of 1905.

The cooperative agreements between the Geological Survey and 

the state authorities in California, Illinois, and Kansas have made 

possible much more extended studies of the quality of surface waters 

in those States than could otherwise have been undertaken.

METHODS OF EXAMINATION.

GENERAL DISCUSSION.

Discussion of the chemical analysis of waters has formed an appreciable part of technical literature for many years, and the subject 

has been ( attractive to original investigators everywhere. All sorts 

of methods for testing water have been recorded in scientific literature, and many of them have survived practical use. It seems, 

therefore, neither profitable nor particularly interesting to present 

in great detail the manipulative technique of water analysis, and 

this discussion has been confined more particularly to other phases 

of the problem. Though the literature in respect to niethodr is abundant, comparatively little is said regarding the magnitude of the 

errors in common practice, the limitations of the methods, and 

their geijeral application; consequently, the following account 

gives only outlines of the methods that were employed, with notes 

of departures from usual practice, but it considers in detail the 

errors of the determinations and their general availability. It was 

known at the commencement of the investigation that surface waters 

are different from one another in their mineralization, *vnd that 

the concentration of the waters changes from time to time. The 

object of ithe laboratory work was to measure those differences and 

changes i[n quantitative terms accurately enough for geologic and 

industrial interpretation. When a chemist is examining mineral 

waters that are sold as beverages, he usually considers time and 

expense to be secondary in importance and he is enabled to avail himself of the highest refinements of analytical skill; but when he is testing 

waters from rivers that may change 100 per cent in their mineralization while he is examining one sample, he is not justified in employing stich accurate procedure, and the cost of it is prohibitive
10 SUEFACE WATEES EAST OF THE HTJNDEEDTH MERIDIAN.

when a large number of samples is involved. Estimates of the 

amounts of the constituents within 5 to 10 per cent are usually accurate enough for industrial purposes, and that degree of refinement 

is sufficient for studying fluctuations in the quality of nearly all 

surface waters. It was felt that in the present investigation methods should be selected that would be sufficiently accurate, fairly 

inexpensive, rapid in execution, and productive of results available 

for the greatest number of purposes. With these facts in mind, 

therefore, procedures were adopted for estimating the principal acids 

and bases with moderate accuracy. None of the methods is new, 

and most of them have been recognized by competent authority.

COLLECTION OF SAMPLES.

One 4-ounce bottle of water was collected daily from the stream 

at each river station and was mailed to a designated laboratory. 

Empty bottles, thoroughly cleaned and inclosed in mailing cases, 

were supplied from the laboratories, and the samples were shipped 

as soon as possible after collection. The sampling stations were 

established with the object of obtaining water as nearly representative as possible of the average stream flow. If bridges were near at 

hand the bottles were filled in midstream by lowering them into the 

water in suitable holders, and intake pipes also were utilized at a 

large number of stations. Where neither of these arrangements 

could be effected the samples were collected either from a boat or from 

the bank by attaching the bottle to the end of a long pole. When 

the samples were received at the laboratories, they were united in 

sets of ten consecutive samples, thus making for analysis a composite 

sample measuring about 1,100 cubic centimeters.

DIVISION OF COMPOSITE SAMPLE.

After the composite sample had been thoroughly mixed by 

shaking, portions were in general withdrawn as follows: For determination of suspended solids and for filtration, 500 cubic centimeters; 

for determination of nitrates, 50 cubic centimeters; for determination of chlorine, 100 cubic centimeters; for determination of carbonates and bicarbonates, 50 cubic centimeters. This left 410 cubic 

centimeters for reserve in case of accident. It was necessary to 

alter these amounts for some rivers; the principal changes were 

decrease of the amounts used for determining suspended solids and 

nitrates and increase of the amount used for determining total solids 

and certain dissolved constituents. As changes of that sort affect 

the accuracy of the estimates, they are noted in accounts of the 

determinations and in discussion of the probable errors.
METHODS OF EXAMINATION. 11, 

j TURBIDITY.

The determination of turbidity was made on part or on all of the 

sample, and;, as this determination does not prevent the use of the 

water for other procedures, the sample withdrawn for this purpose 

could be returned to the bottle if desired. Usually, however, the 

turbidity determination was made after all the others and on the 

reserve portion. The Jackson candle turbidimeter a was used for 

estimating turbidities between 100 and 1,000 parts per irillion. 

Estimates of turbidities exceeding 1,000 parts per million were made 

on a portion of the sample properly diluted with distilled water. All 

turbidities have been referred to the regular silica standard recommended by the American Public Health Association,6 which can be 

prepared by suspending 1 gram of thoroughly dried Pear's p^ecipitated fuller's earth c in 1 liter of distilled water. Such a suspension 

has a turbidity of 1,000 parts per million and it gives a read:ng of 

2.3 centimeters in the standard turbidimeter. Turbidities below 

100 parts peir million were estimated by comparison with well-shaken 

dilutions of this silica standard in 250 cubic centimeter bottles of 

clear, colorless glass.

The turbidimeter consists of a glass tube surrounded by a cylindrical brass holder supported by a stand, in the center of which is a 

standard English candle. The glass tube is polished at the bottom 

and is graduated in millimeters from the bottom upward. The 

candle is automatically adjusted by a spring so that its flame is 

always 3 inches below the bottom of the glass tube. The water in 

which the turbidity is to be estimated is poured into the glasr tube 

until the image of the lighted candle below is just obliterated. The 

depth of the water in the tube, read across the bottom of the meniscus, 

is referred to a table which gives the turbidity of the water in parts 

per million pf silica. The instrument is convenient for laboratory 

work, and as its source of light is the standard candle it is ready for 

use at all times. The candle should be kept properly trimmed and 

not be in a draft. The most accurate results are obtained by making the readings in a dark room rapidly, before the liquid has become 

heated to any extent. The comparison between the readings of the 

standard turbidimeter and the corresponding parts per million of 

suspended silica is given in Table 1.

oLeighton, M. O., The field assay of water: Water-Supply Paper IT. S. Geol. Survey No. 151,1905, pp. 

26-29.

6 Report of the committee on standard methods of water analyses to the laboratory section: Publ'c Health 

Association, Pub. Health Papers and Repts., vol 30, pt. 2,1905, p. 16; also Jour. Infect. Dis., Nc. 1, .May, 

1905, p. 16.

c Levy, E. C., A ready method for preparing a silica turbidity standard: Pub Health Papers ard Repts. 

Am. Pub. Health Assoc., vol. 31, pt. 2,1905, p. 149.
12 SUEFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN. 

TABLE 1. Reduction of readings with turbidimeter to parts per million of silica.

Depth in 

centimeters.

2.3

2.6

2.9

3.2

3.5

3.8

4.1

4.5

4.9

5.5

Turbidity (parts 

per million of

silica).

1,000

900

800

700

650

600

550

500

450

400

Depth in 

centimeters.

5.6

5.8

5.9

6.1

6.3

6.4

6.6

6.8

7.0

7.3

Turbidity (parts 

per million of

silica).

390

380

370

360

350

340

330

320

310

300

Depth in 

centimeters.

7.5

7.8

8.1

8.4

8.7

9.1

9.5

9.9

10.3

10.9

Turbidity (parts 

per million of

silica).

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

Depth in 

centimeters'.

11.4

12.0

12.7

13.5

14.4

15.4

16. P

18.0

19.6

21.5

Turbidity (parts 

per million of

silica).

190

180

170

160

150

140

130

130

110

100

The only difficulty experienced in this determination was partial 

agglomeration of suspended clay in some samples, and this probably 

could have been obviated by determining turbidity immediately 

after uniting the daily samples. The probable limits of accuracy 

of the determination are such that the observations r,re recorded as 

in Table 2.

 TABLE 2. Probable limits of accuracy in turbidity observations. 

[Parts per million.]

Turbidity.

Not less 

than 

50 

100 

SOO 

1,000

Less 

than 

50 

100 

500 

1,000

Recorded to 

nearestUnit. 

5 parts. 

10 parts. 

50 parts. 

100 parts.

TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS.

Total suspended matter was determined by use of a Gooch crucible 

as described by Kimberley and Hommon.a A mat about one-sixteenth of an inch thick of iron-free, ignited asbestos was prepared 

in the bottom of a porcelain Gooch crucible of 25 cubic centimeters 

capacit}^ fitted to a 1-liter filtering flask. Suction was applied and the 

mat was washed with distilled water until the filtrate was clear, after 

which the crucible was dried at 180° C. for one-half hour, cooled, 

and weighed. After the crucible had been replaced on the filtering 

flask and the mat had been moistened with distilled water, a measured portion of the sample was passed through it. The residue was 

washed with distilled water, the filtrate being allowed to run into

a Kimberley, A. E. and Hommon, H. B., The practical advantages of the Gooch crucible in the determination of the total and volatile suspended matter in sewage: Pub. Health Papers and Repts., Am. Pub. 

Health Assoc., vol. 31, pt. 2,1905, p. 123.
METHODS OF EXAMINATION. 13

the flask, and the crucible and residue were dried at 180° C. for one 

hour, cooled, and weighed. The difference in weight was computed 

to parts perj million of suspended matter. Usually 500 cubic centimeters of waiter was used for this determination, but the suspended 

matter in mjany samples was so high that smaller portions had to be 

used, as little as 100 cubic centimeters being sometimes employed. 

Successful application of this procedure depends largely on the quality of the asbestos and on proper preparation of the mat. The asbestos should be finely shredded, thoroughly ignited, treated with strong 

hydrochloric acid for at least twelve hours, and then washed eeveraj 

times with distilled watfir. The mass should be shaken vigorously during these washings and allowed to settle about five minutes after each 

treatment, and the supernatant liquid containing the silt should 

then be decanted. Finally a fresh portion of water should be added 

and the mass should be shaken vigorously and about thirty seconds 

allowed for sedimentation of coarse particles. The asbestos should 

then be deeanted from the sediment and preserved, suspended in 

water.

Amounts of suspended matter as small as 1 part per million were 

estimated, and the probable accuracy of the determination with a 

500 cubic centimeter sample containing small amounts of suspended 

matter is within 1 part per million. The probable error is less than 

10 per cent with suspended matters ranging from 100 to 5,000 parts 

per million., The determination presented no difficulties witl most 

of the waters that were examined, but considerable troub1 *? was 

experienced] in removing the sticky "gumbo" that is suspended in 

many rivers! of the Mississippi Valley. The material clogs the asbestos mat so badly that sometimes less than 50 cubic eentimefers of 

water passes through. As small amounts as practicable were used 

in determining the suspended matter in such samples, and two or 

three crucibles were sometimes employed for filtering one sample. 

After the mat has become clogged,' the surface of it can be loosened 

without injury by careful scraping with the point of a pencil or other 

sharp instrument, and filtration can proceed. It is also advantageous at times to use a thicker mat with coarse asbestos on the 1 ottom 

and a finer quality on top. Loss of suspended matter by having 

it run through the mat occurred with some waters, but the amount 

of material ] that escaped was usually too small to constitute an appreciable source of error in the estimate of suspended solids.

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS.

Total dissolved matter was regularly determined on 500 cubic 

centimeters of the filtered sample, which was evaporated to dryness 

on the water bath in a tared platinum dish, dried at 180° C. for one 

hour, cooled and weighed. The residue was computed to parts per
14 SUEFACE WATBES EAST OF THE HUNDEEDTH MERIDIAN.

million of total dissolved solids. If the filtrate from tl <*. determination of suspended solids was not sufficient for estimating total solids, 

as in the tests of very muddy waters, the rest of the required amount 

was filtered through paper. The only notable difficulty experienced 

in making this determination was that of obtaining a clear filtrate for 

evaporation, especially with the muddy waters of the Southern States. 

Part of the suspended matter in some southern rivers i* so fine that 

,it is not removed by filtration through either an asbestos mat or 

paper. Though the amount of suspended solids lost in that manner 

is so small that it does not materially affect the estimate of suspended 

solids, the weight of the material, when it is compared with the relatively small amount of dissolved matter in many waters, is great 

enough to constitute an error in the estimate of dissolved solids, and 

the suspended matter also causes trouble in subsequent operations on 

the residue. During the first part of the work waters were filtered 

as well as possible through asbestos mats, then through paper mats, 

thus reducing the residual suspended matter in most samples to less 

than 5 parts per million. In later work it was found advisable to 

remove all traces of suspended matter from such samples by the use 

of alumina cream. This reagent was prepared by precipitating 

aluminum hydrate from a solution of aluminum sulphate by means 

of sodium hydrate. The precipitate was thoroughly washed with 

distilled water till it showed only traces of sulphates, alkalies, and 

alkalinity, and was then dissolved in hydrochloric acid, reprecipitated, and again thoroughly washed. One or two cubi", centimeters 

of the aluminum hydrate was shaken with the filtrate from the suspended matter, after which the precipitant was removed by filtration through paper. A perfectly clear filtrate was obtained for evaporation by that treatment.

The determination of dissolved solids was usually made with 500 

cubic centimeters of water, but 250 cubic centimeters was used for 

some of the western rivers that are very high in dissolved matter, and 

700 cubic centimeters was taken for nearly all the waters collected at 

the southeastern stations during the latter half of the period, because 

it seemed advisable to have as much residue as possible for analysis. 

The difference between duplicate determinations of dissolved solids 

was usually about 1 part per million, when 500 cubic centimeters of 

the sample was evaporated and when about 100 parts per million of 

dissolved matter was present. The difference is likely to vary in 

amount more with waters containing considerable organic matter or 

alkali than with waters containing calcium salts.

The committee on standard methods of water analysis a recommend 

that suspended and dissolved solids be dried at 103° C. for one-half 

hour. Many chemists employ a temperature of 105° C., and others

a Pub. Health Papers and Reports, Am. Pub. Health Assoc., vol. 30, pt. 2,1905, p. 43.
METHODS OF EXAMINATION. 15

dry residues in ovens surrounded by boiling water. Fresenius a recommends 4ryrng at 180° C. till the weight is constant, but as such 

long-continjued desiccation was not practicable in these tests, the time 

was limited] to one hour, though the temperature of 180° was adopted. 

The results seem to justify the use of the higher temperature. Practically all the water of crystallization and that mechanically c ccluded 

by residues of ordinary amount from waters of ordinary composition 

are' driven off, and the organic matter is more or less carbonized and 

is greatly reduced in weight, though it is not completely destroyed. 

Drying at that temperature, therefore, makes comparison between 

the sum of the constituents and the amount of solids by actual determination more feasible than drying at the lower temperature. That 

the results of the analyses corroborate this belief is demonstrated on 

page 30 by comparisons between figures representing average total 

solids and those representing the average sum of the constituents. 

Another advantage of the higher temperature is that the results represent more nearly than those obtained at lower temperatures the conditions under which solids are deposited in steam boilers.

SILICA.

The residue from the determination of total dissolved solids, after 

being gently heated in a radiator until the organic matter was carbonized or wholly destroyed, was moistened with hydrochloric acid 

(1 to 1) and the dish, covered with a watch glass, was heated on the 

water bath for a few minutes. After treatment with acid had been 

repeated, ijf necessary, the sides of the dish were thoroughly rubbed 

down, and the mass was evaporated to dryness. The residue was 

again treated with 2 or 3 cubic centimeters of the acid and some distilled water, was heated on the water bath, and was finally separated 

from the solution by filtration through ashless filter paper. Little 

trouble was experienced in dissolving calcium sulphate in the residues. 

The insoluble part was thoroughly washed with hot water containing 

hydrochloric acid, ignited in a tared platinum crucible, cooled and 

weighed. It was then moistened with a few drops of sulphuric acid 

(specific gravity 1.84), and the silicia was volatilized with hydrofluoric acid, after which the crucible was again ignited, cooled and 

weighed. ; If the final residue exceeded 0.0005 gram, it was usually 

tested to discover its composition. The part volatilized by hydrochloric acid was computed to parts per million of silica (SiO2 ). The 

nonvolatile residues were usually low, probably exceeding- 0.0003 

gram in less than 5 per cent of the analyses. They were highest in 

samples that were slightly turbid before evaporation, a condition indicating that part of the fine suspended matter left after filtration consisted of silicates that are not decomposed by hydrochloric acid.

o Fresenius, C. R., Quantitative chemical analysis (transl. of 6th German ed.), vol. 2,1904, p. 245.
16 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

IRON.

The iron in the filtrate from the determination of silica was oxidized 

by boiling the solution with a few drops of nitric acid (specific gravity 

1.42). After a slight excess of ammonium hydrate had been added, 

the liquid was heated for a few minutes to precipitate the oxides of 

iron and aluminum, which were then removed by filtration and 

washed with hot water containing a little ammonium chloride. If it 

was desired' to determine aluminum, the precipitate was dried, 

ignited, and weighed, then fused with fused sodium bisulphate. The 

resulting mass was dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid (1 to 3) and the 

solution was filtered and boiled vigorously for two or three minutes 

with 1 cubic centimeter of nitric acid (1.42). It was then cooled and 

diluted with water, and the iron in it was determined colorimetrically. 

The amount of iron as Fe2O3 , subtracted from the weight of the combined oxides, gives the A12O3 , which multiplied by 0.53 gives the 

aluminum (Al). If, however, it appeared from the bulk of the precipitate that the combined oxides of iron and aluminum amounted 

to less than 5 or 6 parts per million the determination of aluminum 

was omitted. In that case the precipitate was not ignited but was 

dissolved immediately in hydrochloric acid, 1 cubic centimeter of 

nitric acid (specific gravity 1.42) was added, the solution was boiled, 

and the iron was determined colorimetrically.

The ferric solution was diluted to 90 cubic centimeters with distilled 

water, 10 cubic centimeters of a 2 per cent solution of potassium sulphocyanide was added, the solutions were thoroughly mixed, and the 

color that developed was compared immediately with iron standards 

in Nessler tubes measuring 17.5 centimeters to the 100 cubic centimeter 

mark. The depth of the colors that were compared did not exceed 

that equivalent to 0.001 gram of Fe, and if it was necessary to divide 

the solution that operation was always performed before the addition 

of potassium, sulphocyanide. Colors equivalent to amounts of iron 

between 0.001 gram and 0.0001 gram of Fe were matched by comparison with colored slides, the manipulation and accuracy of which have 

been discussed by the writer." Colors equivalent to amounts of iron 

less than 0.0001 gram of Fe were compared with permanent iron 

standards made by mixing solutions of cobaltous chloride and potassium platinic chloride in proper proportion. 6

Methods for the eolorimetrie determination of iron have been extensively studied by Stokes and Cain,c who have ascertained the

a Dole, B. B., Notes on the determination of iron: Pub. Health Papers and Bepts., Am. Pub. Health 

Assoc., vol. 32, pt. 1,1907, p. 183.

6 Public Health Papers and Beports, Am. Pub. Health Assoc., vol. 30, pt. 2,1905, p. 46; also Jackson, 

D. D., Tech. Quart, vol. 13, 1900, p. 315.

e Stokes, H. N., and Cain, J. R., On the eolorimetrie determination of iron with special reference to chemical reagents: Bull. Bur. Standards, U. S. Dept. Com. and Lab., No. 3,1906, p. 115; a'so Jour. Am. Chem, 

Soc., vol. 27,1905, p. 409; Chem. Abs., Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 1,1907, p. 1955.
METHODS OF EXAMINATION. 17

effect of certain substances and changes in technique on the ir tensity 

of the colof that is developed in the sulphocyanate test. They also 

recommend several refinements in procedure. Special care was 

taken in the present investigation to make the estimate always in the 

same manner, and the iron group was separated from other components of the residue before the color comparisons were made. In 

nearly all the work the iron was precipitated from solutions representing 500 cubic centimoters of the sample, so that the probable accuracy 

of the estimates is somewhat greater than that of the estimate? of iron 

usually made, for which 50 to 100 cubic centimeters of the sample is 

used.

CALCIUM.

The filtrate from the determination of iron was diluted to a definite 

volume, usually 100 cubic centimeters, and was divided into two equal 

parts. One part was used for the determination of calcium and 

magnesium and the other part for the determination of sulphates and 

alkalies. After the portion for the determination of calcium and 

magnesium had been heated to boiling in a beaker, it was made 

slightly alkaline with ammonium hydrate; ammonium oxrlate in 

the form of hot 5 per cent aqueous solution was then added to it in 

sufficient amount to convert all the calcium and magnesium irto oxalates. Ten cubic centimeters was usually added, but more was used 

if the figure for total solids indicated that this amount was not enough. 

The mixture was digested not less than three hours in order to precipitate all |the calciupi and to dissolve the magnesium oxalate. The 

solution wag filtered through Schleicher and Schull white ribbon paper 

No. 589, and the precipitate was washed with hot water containing a 

little ammonia, no special care being taken to transfer all the calcium 

oxalate from the flask to the funnel. The flask in which the precipitation was made was then placed under the funnel, and while the precipitate was agitated by a stream of hot water from a wash bottl 0- dilute 

sulphuric acid (1 to 3) was poured on till the precipitate was completely decomposed and dissolved, after which the filter pa^er was 

thoroughly washed with hot water. If this operation is skillfully 

performed, the calcium precipitate is easily dissolved and 20 cubic 

centimeters of the dilute acid is amply sufficient for the purpose. 

The solutioji of calcium was diluted to about 100 cubic centimeters 

with hot distilled water and was titrated with N/20 potassium 

permanganate.

This method, described by Button,0 was entirely satisfactory. 

The principal objections that had been advanced against its use are 

the difficulty of dissolving calcium oxalate in sulphuric acid and the

a Button, Francis, A systematic handbook of volumetric analysis, 9th ed., Philadelphia, 1904, p. 168. 

8464 IRE 236 09 2
18 SURFACE WATERS EAST OP THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

errors introduced by traces of oxalic acid and organic mr.tter. Solution of the precipitate is easy if it is performed in the manner just 

outlined, and this procedure is preferable to that recommended by 

Sutton, of punching a hole in the filter paper and wasting the precipitate into the flask. The filter paper should never be digested 

in sulphuric acid, because the oxidizing power of the so^tion is unwarrantably increased by such treatment. The results of several 

experiments for the purpose of determining the errors due to solution 

of filter paper and to traces of oxalic acid indicate that it is possible to estimate calcium volumetrically within 1 part per million, 

when 250 cubic centimeters of the sample is used for the test. 

Schleicher and Schull filter papers Nos. 595, 589, white ribbon, and 

590 were treated exactly as if a calcium test were being made. 

Twenty cubic centimeters of dilute sulphuric acid was passed 

through each filter paper in a funnel, and the papers were then 

washed with hot distilled water until the filtrate amour ted to about 

100 cubic centimeters. When the acid solutions were titrated 

with N/20 potassium permanganate, the average amount of permanganate consumed by the solutions passed through No. 595 

papers was 0.10 cubic centimeter; through No. 589, 0.09 cubic centimeter; and through No. 590, 0.06 cubic centimeter. The highest 

amount, 0.10 cubic centimeter, is equivalent for a 250 cubic centimeter sample to 0.4 part per million of calcium, an amount so small 

that it can be disregarded. In another experiment for the purpose 

of estimating the amount of oxalic acid that'might be retained by 

the papers, 10 cubic centimeter lots of a 5 per cent solution of arnmoniuni oxalate with 4 drops of nitric acid (specific gravity 1.42) 

and enough ammonium hydrate to make the mixture slightly alkaline were heated to boiling in an Erlecmeyer flask and filtered through 

different filter papers, which were afterwards washed with hot water 

till the filtrates failed to show the presence of chlorides. The filter 

papers were then treated with 20 cubic centimeters of sulphuric 

acid and washed, and the solutions were titrated with N/20 potassium permanganate. The average consumption of permanganate 

with No. 595 papers was 0.19 cubic centimeter; with No. 589 papers, 

0.08 cubic centimeter; and with No. 590 papers, 0.08 cubic centimeter. The slight increase of permanganate for No. 595 papers 

over that used in the previous experiment is probably due to disintegration of this coarse-grained paper during washing. When 

samples of the three papers were torn into small pieces and were 

boiled for an hour in a 5 per cent sulphuric acid solution, the consumption of permanganate was notably increased, the amounts 

ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 cubic centimeter, but boiling the filter 

papers in sulphuric acid is not advised in the procedure and it is not 

necessary. If the precipitate is dissolved by pouring hot water
METHODS OF EXAMINATION. 19

and dilute: sulphuric acid through the paper, the consumption of 

permanganate solution by organic matter dissolved from the paper 

and by trjaces of oxalic acid left in it apparently does not exceed 

0.10 cubici centimeter, an amount equivalent to 0.4 part per million 

of calcium in the regular procedure. The oxalic acid that may be 

occluded by the calcium oxalate was not estimated, but it is evident 

that this amount varies with the volume of precipitate, and the percentage of error is, therefore, no higher for low than for high calciums. The results of experiments comparing .volumetric with 

gravimetric determinations also justify the conclusion that the volumetric method for estimating calcium is sufficiently accurate for 

general water analysis.

MAGNESIUM.

The filtrate from the calcium, having been made slightly acid with 

hydrochloric acid, was concentrated till the salts began to crystallize. An excess of a 10 per cent solution of sodium ammonium 

phosphate was added, and the liquid was allowed to cool. Finally 

it was made distinctly alkaline with ammonium hydrate and set 

aside not less than six hours in order to insure complete precipitation 

of the magnesium. Two cubic centimeters of strong ammonia 

(specific gravity 0.90) was usually sufficient in a volume of 50 to 75 

cubic centimeters. Attention has been called b}^ Gooch and Austin 0 

to the fact that the large excess of ammonia which is so commonly 

added is distinctly disadvantageous. The precipitate was separated 

by filtration and was washed by decantation with water containing 

a little ammonia, till the excess of precipitant was remove-!. The 

precipitate in the beaker and on the paper was dissolved in 5 cubic 

centimeters of 5 per cent acetic acid and about 40 cubic centimeters 

of hot water. Five cubic centimeters of a 5 per cent ammonium 

acetate solution was added and the solution was titrated with standard uranium solution, care being taken to boil the solution vigorously before noting the final end point, which is found by adding a 

drop of the liquid to a drop of half-saturated solution of potassium 

ferrocyanide on a white porcelain plate.

This improvement on Sutton's method b of dissolving and titrating 

the phosphoric acid was devised and tested by M. G. Roberts. It 

is important to have a Constant amount of solution, as the end 

point varies somewhat with the volume. The quantity of plosphate 

that is titrated should be such that 1 to 20 cubic centimeters of 

uranium solution may be added. The method was tested v^th satisfactory results by comparison with Sutton's procedure and with 

the usual gravimetric method. 6

o Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 7,1899, p. 187; also Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 176, 1900, p. 65.

6 Sutton, Francis, A systematic handbook of volumetric analysis, 9th ed., Philadelphia, 19C4, p. 294.

cFresenius, C. E., Quantitative chemical analysis (trans. of 6th German ed.), vol. 1,1904, p. 275.
20 SUEFACE WATEES EAST OF THE HUNDEEDTH MEITDIAN. 

SULPHATE RADICLE.

The usual gravimetric method a was employed for the determination of sulphates. One-half the filtrate from the determination of 

iron was slightly acidulated with hydrochloric acid and was heated 

nearly to boiling. Excess of barium chloride in hot 10 per cent 

solution was then added, after which the liquid was digested on the 

hot plate for at least thirty minutes. The precipitate of barium 

sulphate i was removed by filtration, thoroughly wasl^d with hot 

water, dried, ignited, and weighed. The amount of sulphates as 

parts per million of SO4 was computed from that weight.

SODIUM AND POTASSIUM.

The filtrate from the sulphate determination was treated with 

ammonia and ammonium carbonate and was filtered. The filtrate 

was evaporated to dryness on the water bath, heated to expel ammonium salts, and digested with a few cubic centimeters of distilled 

water. Magnesium was precipitated with barium hydrate, the solution was again filtered, and the precipitate was washed with hot 

water. The filtrate from this operation was heated, and barium and 

calcium were precipitated with ammonium carbonate and were 

removed by filtration, after which the filtrate was evaporated to 

dryness and heated to expel ammonium salts. The residue was, 

digested with 4 or 5 cubic centimeters of water, warmed, and treated 

again with ammonia and ammonium carbonate to remove traces of 

barium and calcium. The solution was then filtered into a small 

porcelain dish and evaporated to dryness. The residue was heated 

nearly to fusion and weighed. The alkaline chlorides in the dish 

were dissolved in a little water and were filtered through an ashless 

filter paper, which was then washed, ignited in the porcelain dish, 

and weighed. The difference in weights was calculated to "sodium 

and potassium," the molecular weight 58 being used for the material. 

The error introduced by disregarding potassium is discussed on page 

33. The procedure is similar to that recommended by Fresenius,6 

and it requires no special comment except that care was taken to 

insure complete removal of impurities. If the third treatment with 

ammonia and ammonium carbonate produced an appreciable amount 

of precipitate, the operation was repeated till the last treatment 

revealed only traces of impurities.

The sodium-potassium ratio of some of the river waters was determined quarterly. The solutions of alkaline chlorides from the tenday composite samples representing a three months' period were 

united and repurified in accordance with the procedure just outlined.

o Fresenius, C. R., op. cit., vol. 1,1904, p. 434. 

6 Fresenius, C. R., op. cit., vol. 2,1905, p. 249.
METHODS OF EXAMINATION. 21

The pure chlorides were then evaporated nearly to dryness ir a Jena 

dish with $ufficient platinic chloride to convert the alkalies ir to their 

platinum double salts. The residue was treated with 80 per cent 

alcohol, and the potassium platinic chloride, removed by fltration 

through ah asbestos mat in a small filter tube, was washed with 

dilute alcohol, dried in a steam oven, and weighed. By dissolving 

the potassium platinic chloride in hot water, drying, and again 

weighing the filter tube, the difference in weight representing the 

mass of the potassium double salt could be found and competed to 

parts per million of potassium (K).

CARBONATE AND BICARBONATE RADICLES.

Estimates pf the carbonate and "bicarbonate radicles were made on 

the same 50 cubic centimeter sample of the water, which was filtered 

if necessary. Ten drops, of phenolphthalein were added to tt e measured sample in a porcelain dish of convenient size and the sample 

was titrated with N/50 potassium acid sulphate solution. The number of cubic centimeters of acid used, multiplied by 24, equfls parts 

per million of the carbonate radicle (CO3). Two drops of methyl 

orange were added to the same liquid and the titration was continued. 

The total amount of acid used, minus twice that required for the 

first end point, equals that equivalent to the bicarbonates present. 

The latter figure, expressed in cubic centimeters and multiplied by 

24.4, equals parts per million of the bicarbonate radicle (HCO3). 

The water was sometimes diluted or a larger amount was taken for 

titration, but it could not, of course, be concentrated. T" is procedure is recommended by Cameron a and it gave results that are 

sufficiently satisfactory. The balance between the different forms 

of carbonic acid in solution is variable, depending largely on concentration, temperature, and pressure. It is fairly certain that 

many of the waters which gave positive tests for normal carbonates 

do not contain that form of .carbonic acid in nature. It is unjustifiable, however, to assume from the data at hand that no natural 

stream waters contain normal carbonates, and it is equally impossible definitely to decide which ones do and which ones do not contain them. Consequently tne carbonates and bicarbonates are 

reported exactly as they were determined, but CO3 has be°,n computed to HCO3 in calculating the average condition of streams if 

there were only a few scattered positive tests for normal carbonates. 

All such recomputations are noted in the tables of analyses, and the 

figures involved bear the following footnote: "Abnormal; computed 

as HCO3 in the average."

o Caineron, F. K., Bull. Bur. Soils, U. 8. Dept. Agr., No. 64,1900, p. 63; also Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., 

vol. 23,1900, p. 471.
22 SURFACE WATERS EAST OP THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

CHLORINE.

The usual volumetric prdcedure was employed for the determination of chlorine,a and the concentrations of solution recommended 

by Jackson and described by Leighton 6 were used in order that 

the results might be comparable with normal chlorine determinations. One hundred cubic centimeters of the sample was usually 

concentrated to 25 cubic centimeters in a porcelain dish on the water 

bath at a time when hydrochloric acid fumes were not prevalent in 

the laboratory. If a large amount of the element wss present a 

smaller sample was taken and duplicate determinations were made. 

After the sample had been concentrated, 1 cubic centimeter of a 5 per 

cent potassium chromate solution was added and the inside of the dish 

was thoroughly rubbed down with a rubber policeman. Standard 

silver nitrate was then added from a burette, till the first faint reddish tint appeared. Each analyst determined by experiment with 

chlorine-free water the amount of silver nitrate necessary to produce 

a red coloration detectible by him under regular condit: ons, and he 

subtracted that amount from the results of his titrr.tions. The 

chlorine (Cl) in parts per million was then computed. Samples that 

were very turbid or highly colored were filtered or were clarified by 

'treatment with alumina cream. When very large amounts of chlorine 

were present, gravimetric determinations were made by precipitating the chlorine as silver chloride in nitric acid solution, removing 

the precipitate by filtration through an asbestos mat in a Gooch 

crucible, drying in a steam oven, and weighing.

NITRATES.

The phenolsulphonic acid method was used for the determination 

of nitrates. 0 As practically all the surface waters that were tested 

contained amounts of color sufficient to interfere materially with the 

color comparison in this test, it was necessary to decolorize the 

samples before evaporation. A small amount of alumina cream 

was shaken with 75 to 80 cubic centimeters of the sample in a 4-ounce 

bottle and allowed to settle, after which 50 cubic centimeters of the 

clear supernatant liquid was removed either by filtration or by decantation and was evaporated to dryness in a porcelain dish on the water 

bath with a few drops of sodium carbonate solution. One cubic 

centimeter of phenolsulphonic acid was quickly and thoroughly 

rubbed over the residue in the dish, after which 10 cubic centimeters 

of- distilled water was added and the solution was stirred till it was 

thoroughly mixed. After enough ammonium hydrate to render the

a Pub. Health Papers and Reports, Am. Pub. Health Assoc., vol. 30, pt. 2, 1905, p. 66; also Button, 

Francis, A systematic handbook of volumetric analysis, 1904, p. 451.

& Leighton, M. O., Field assay of water: Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 151,1905, p. 49. 

c Public Health Papers and Reports, Am. Pub. Health Assoc., vol. 30, pt. 2,1905, p, 40.
METHODS OF EXAMINATION. 23

liquid alkaline had been added, the solution was transferred to a 

Nessler tube and was diluted to the 100 cubic centimeter ni£,rk with 

distilled Water. The yellow color developed by the nitrates was 

compared with similar shades in Nessler tubes containing solutions 

of known amounts of potassium nitrate that had been treated with 

phenolsulphonic acid and ammonia. The results are reported as 

parts per million of the nitrate radicle (NO3), not as N, the customary basis in sanitary work. Though this procedure is comparatively accurate for estimating the amount of nitrogen actually 

present as nitrates at the time of the test, it must be emphatically 

stated that the reported nitrate figures do not represent the amount 

of nitrogen present as nitrates in the stream waters when the samples 

were collected. Practical considerations made it impossible to perform the test less than ten days after some of the samples had been 

collected and the estimate was made in a great many samples after a 

period of three to eight weeks, or even more, had elapsed. Inasmuch as this length of time was sufficient for marked changes in the 

amount off nitrates, the value of the results is-problematical. The 

determination was made in order to complete the estimation of acid 

radicles that were present in appreciable amount, and though its 

value as an index of the condition of the stream water at the time 

the samples were taken is probably not great, the comparative 

amounts in the different streams may furnish some information 

regarding the amount of organic matter that is present, ?,nd this 

feature is the excuse for the presentation of the nitrate figures in the 

analytical data.

TOTAL ACIDITY.

If the water under examination contained free mineral acid a convenient ai|nount of the sample, filtered if necessary, was titrated 

with N/10 sodium carbonate in the presence of methyl orange indicator. If 50 cubic centimeters of water is titrated, the number of 

cubic centimeters of N/10 alkali used, multiplied by 98, g'ves the 

result in parts per million of free sulphuric acid (H2SO4).

TOTAL IRON.

As most of the iron in many river waters forms part of the suspended matter rather than part of the matter in solution, a figure 

representing to some extent the total amount of iron was estimated 

at some laboratories. The test was made by boiling vigorously 50 

cubic centimeters of the unfiltered sample ten or fifteen minutes 

with 1 cubic centimeter each of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids. The liquid was then filtered,' and the iron in it was 

determined colorimetrically by the sulphocyanide method. The 

figure obtained in this manner is only approximate, as all the iron 

in the suspended matter is probably not dissolved by this treatment.
24 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS. 

TWENTIETH-NORMAL POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE.

About 2 grams of potassium permanganate crystals were dissolved in freshly boiled distilled water, and the solution was filtered 

through glass wool and diluted to 1 liter. The strength of the solution was determined by titration against iron. Three portions of 

pure iron wire, each weighing about 0.2 gram, were dissolved in 

125 cubic centimeter Erlenmeyer flasks in 40 cubic centimeters of 

water and 10 cubic centimeters of concentrated sulphuric acid. 

The solutions were cooled rapidly to about 60° C. and diluted to 50 

cubic centimeters with freshly boiled distilled water. One portion 

was titrated with the permanganate solution, which was then diluted 

to one-twentieth normal strength, and the other two portions were 

used to verify the accuracy of the dilution. The amount of permanganate necessary to produce a detectible red coloration with 10 

cubic centimeters of concentrated sulphuric acid and 40 cubic centimeters of water was subtracted from each titration, and the iron 

wire was considered to be 99.6 per' cent pure Fe. The strength of 

the permanganate solution was verified in many tests also by titration against potassium tetraoxalate and against Iceland spar. One 

-cubic centimeter of N/20 potassium permanganate is equivalent to 

0.001 gram of calcium (Ca) from calcium oxalate.

AMMONIUM ACETATE.

Forty-four cubic centimeters of ammonium hydrate (specific 

gravity 0.90) and 37 cubic centimeters of glacial acet; c acid were 

dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water.

STANDARD SODIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE SOLUTION.

In 1 liter of distilled water 8.4507 grams of sodium ammonium 

phosphate was dissolved. One cubic centimeter of this solution 

should be equivalent to 0.001 gram of magnesium (Mg), and the 

strength was always verified by gravimetric determination of the 

phosphate radicle.

STANDARD URANIUM SOLUTION.

About 21 grams of uranium nitrate was dissolved in 800 cubic 

centimeters of distilled water, enough ammonium hydrate to produce 

a slight turbidity was added, then 50 grams of glacial acetic acid 

was added, and the whole was diluted to 1 liter with distilled water. 

Ten cubic centimeters of the solution of sodium ammonium phosphate 

was next mixed in a beaker with 5 cubic centimeters of ammonium 

acetate and 35 cubic centimeters of distilled water. After this
PEEPAEATION OF SOLUTIONS. 25

solution had been heated to boiling the uranium solution was added 

till the faintest brown coloration appeared, when a drop of tie liquid 

was mixed with a drop of half-saturated solution of potassium ferrocyanide on a white porcelain slip. As soon as the coloration appeared 

the solution was diluted to 50 cubic centimeters with boiling water 

and the test was repeated. If the operation had been properly conducted no red coloration appeared in the second test, and the addition 

of two or three drops of uranium solution was necessary before the 

final reading. The amount of uranium solution necessary to produce a 

detectible red coloration in a blank test was subtracted from all 

titrations. The uranium solution was then diluted till 1 cubic centimeter of it was exactly equivalent to 1 cubic centimeter of the solution of sodium ammonium phosphate, and the accuracy of the dilution 

was verified by additional titrations against sodium ammonium 

phosphate.

METHYL OEANGE.

One gram of methyl orange was dissolved in 1 liter of distilled 

water and the solution was filtered. As the accuracy of th°, bicarbonate estimate depends largely on the quality of the indicator, 

special care was taken to select a satisfactory article. Several samples of methyl orange were tested, and the one that gave tH most 

satisfactory results was used exclusively for the estimates.

PHENOLPHTHALEIN.

Ten grams of phenolphthalein was dissolved in 500 cubic centimeters of alcohol (specific gravity 0.834), and the solution was 

diluted to 1 liter with distilled water.

FIFTIETH-NOEMAL POTASSIUM ACID SULPHATE.

About 3 grams of potassium acid sulphate was dissolved in 1 liter 

of freshly boiled distilled water. A portion of the solution was 

titrated against some other carefully standardized solutioi], using 

methyl orange indicator, and the strong solution was then diluted 

to one-fiftieth normal strength with distilled water. Normal sulphuric acid, which had been tested both by titration against alkali 

and by precipitation with barium chloride, was usually employed 

as a basis for standardization.

POTASSIUM CHROMATE SOLUTION.

The solution of potassium chromate was prepared by dissolving 

50 grams of the pure salt in 1 liter of distilled water and then adding 

sufficient silver nitrate to precipitate all the chlorine present and 

turn the solution slightly reddish. This was allowed to stand, and 

the clear solution was then obtained by filtering or decanting.
26 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN. 

STANDARD SALT SOLUTION.

A solution containing 0.001 gram of chlorine in each cubic centimeter was made by dissolving 1.648 grams of fused sodium chloride 

in 1 liter of distilled water free from chlorine.

STANDARD SILVER SOLUTION.

In 1 liter of distilled water free from chlorine was dissolved 2^ 

grams of crystallized silver nitrate. Water or strong silver nitrate 

was added to this solution until by actual titration 10 cubic centimeters of it was equivalent to 5 cubic centimeters of the standard 

salt solution. One cubic centimeter of the solution of silver nitrate 

was then equivalent to 0.0005 gram of chlorine.

STANDARD NITRATE SOLUTION.

In 1 liter of distilled water was dissolved 1.63 grams of potassium 

nitrate. One cubic centimeter of this solution contains 0.001 gram 

of NO3 . Fifty cubic centimeters of this strong solution was cautiously evaporated to dryness on the water bath, and the residue 

was moistened equally and thoroughly with 2 cubic centimeters of 

phenolsulphonic acid and was diluted to 1 liter with distilled water. 

One cubic centimeter of this solution contains 0.00005 gram of NO3 . 

The necessary amounts of this solution, which was used as a standard, 

were made alkaline 'with ammonia as needed and were diluted in 

Nessler tubes to 100 cubic centimeters with distilled water.

PHENOLSULPHONIC ACID.

Seventy-five grams of pure melted phenol was added slowly with 

constant agitation to 925 grams of sulphuric acid (specific gravity 

1.84) in a liter flask. The flask, covered with a watch glass, was 

then heated on a water bath for six hours to insure complete sulphonation of its contents.

TENTH-NORMAL SODIUM CARBONATE.

A strong solution of the purest crystallized sodium carbonate that 

could be obtained was titrated against normal sulphuric acid and 

diluted to one-tenth normal strength, which was verified also by 

titration against N/50 potassium acid sulphate. 'One cub; c centimeter 

of N/10 sodium carbonate is equivalent to 0.0049 gram of sulphuric 

acid.
SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN. 27

DEPARTURES FROM REGULAR PROCEDURES. 

GENEEAL DEPAETUEES.

The regular procedures were followed systematically in most of the 

analytical work, the only exceptions being in some matters of minor 

detail. Calcium and magnesium were estimated gravimetrically for 

short periods at some of the laboratories, and the amount of water 

used for the different determinations, especially for suspended solids, 

was changed at will in order to obtain the best working conditions.

ANALYSES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVEE.

The daily samples of water from Mississippi River at New Orleans 

were united in sets of seven instead of ten. The most important 

departure in analysis of the composites was in regard to suspended 

solids, from which the water was freed by filtering it with suction 

through Berkefeld filter tubes; the effect of passing the water of 

Mississippi River through these stones was practically negligible so 

far as the mineral content was concerned, because large quantities 

of water were available. The residue from evaporating 100 cubic 

centimeters of the filtered water was dried at 110° C. instead of 180 °C. 

and was weighed for total dissolved solids. Silica, oxides of iron and 

aluminum, calcium, and magnesium were determined gravimetrically 

on the residue from 2 liters of water, and from 2 to 4 liters was taken 

for estimation of sulphates and the alkalies.

ANALYSES OF ANDEOSCOGGIN EIVER.

Spot samples were collected weekly from Androscoggin River, and 

the small amount of mineral matter in the water necessitated several 

refinements in method. The water was nearly free from suspended 

matter except flocculent particles, from which a clear liquid was decanted after sedimentation. Three liters of the clear water was 

evaporated to dryness, and the residue was dried below red heat till 

it became white, before it was weighed. It was then treated with 

hydrochloric acid; and silica, oxides of iron and aluminum, and calcium were determined gravimetrically. One-half the filtrate was 

used for gravimetric estimate of magnesium and the other half for 

gravimetric .estimate of sulphates and alkalies. Sodium and potassium were separated by treatment with platinic chloride. The carbonate and bicarbonate radicles were not estimated; consequently 

no values have been reported for them. The amount of bicarbonates 

equivalent to the average excess of the bases over sulphates and 

chlorine in this water is 20 parts per million, which, added to the sum 

of the dissolved constituents that were estimated, gives 48 p^rts per 

million. The latter figure is probably more nearly comparalM with
28 SURFACE WATEKS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

the figures representing total dissolved solids at 180° C. than the 

average of the determinations of the residue reported on page 48.

ANALYSES OF SOUTHEKN EIVEES.

Some river waters of the Southeastern States are characterized at 

certain seasons of the year by suspended matter so finely divided that 

ordinary methods of filtration fail to remove it, and as a consequence 

much trouble was experienced in obtaining a clear filtrate for determination of the dissolved constituents. The difficulty was finally 

overcome by treatment with aluminum hydrate as described on page 

14, but between November, 1906, and June, 1907, the procedure in 

the following paragraph was used for waters of this character.

A convenient amount of the samples was filtered through an asbestos mat in a Gooch crucible for the determination of suspended matter, 

and the filtrate, clarified later if necessary, was used for estimation of 

nitrates, chlorine, carbonates, and bicarbonates. A much clearer 

liquid was obtained by filtering 750 cubic centimeters of the sample 

through a mat of ashless paper pulp in a Gooch crucible, and the 

amount of suspended iron in the residue on the mat wae determined 

volumetrically. Two-thirds of the filtrate was evaporated to dryness in acid solution in a porcelain dish, and the residue was used for 

estimation of silica, iron, calcium, and magnesium. One-third of the 

filtrate was evaporated to dryness without acid in a platinum dish, 

and the residue was dried and weighed for determination of dissolved 

solids, after which it was used for estimation of sulphates and alkalies.

PROBABLE ACCURACY OF ESTIMATE^.

THEORETICAL LIMITS OF ACCURACY.

The theoretical limits of accuracy in the procedures have been 

estimated by consideration of the amounts of water used for the 

determinations, the probable accuracy of the balances, burettes, and 

standard solutions that were employed, the impurities in the reagents, 

and the manipulative errors to which the results were subject. 

Such estimates of accuracy, apart from some influences that may be 

computed mathematically, are more or less approximate, because the 

magnitude of the errors may perhaps be decreased by practicing, or 

increased by failing to practice, certain refinements in the analytical 

methods; but they are introduced for the purpose of showing the 

number of figures that may be significant in the results. The probable limits of accuracy are given in Table 3, in which the first column 

gives the name of the determination, the second column the amount 

of water usually taken, and the third column the theoretical minimum amount that can be estimated with any precision when the constituent is present in comparatively small amount. T'le minimum 

of accurate estimate increases with the actual mass of tbe substance.
ACCURACY OF ESTIMATES. 

TABLE 3. Limits of accuracy of the determinations.

29

Name of determination.

Turbidity.....................

Total solids...................

Silica (SiO2).. ......... :........

Calcium (Ca). .................

Amount 

of water 

usually 

taken.

cnn

500

500

250

250

Minimum 

limit of 

accuracy.

3

1

.6

.05

.8

.8

Name of determination.

Sodium and potassium

(Na+K).... ................

Carbonate radicle (COg). ......

Bicarbonate radicle (HCO3) . . .

Chlorine (Cl) ..................

Nitrate radicle (NOs) ..........

Amount 

of water 

usually 

taken.

250

50

50

250

100

50

Minimum 

limit of 

accuracy.

0.5

2.5

2.5.'5

.5

.09

The assigned limits of accuracy probably err by being too small 

instead of too large. The way in which they were evolved may be 

illustrated by the determination of calcium. In the regular procedure the calcium in 250 cubic centimeters of the sample is precipitated with ammonium oxalate in alkaline solution, heated, removed 

by filtration, dissolved in sulphuric acid, and titrated with N/20 

potassium permanganate. The estimate is subject to certain errors, 

among which may be mentioned errors in measuring the a.mount of 

water to be used, in standardizing the permanganate solution, and in 

measuring the permanganate solution; errors due to the use of an 

improper end point, to organic matter from the 'filter paper, to 

organic matter in the sample, and to oxalic acid retained by the paper 

or occluded by the precipitate; and errors due to solubility of calcium 

oxalate in the precipitating solution and to retention of other oxalates in the precipitate. An error of 0.1 cubic centimeter in measuring 10 or 20 cubic centimeters of permanganate solution, vThich is 

not unlikely, would be equivalent to 0.4 part per million of calcium 

for a 250 cubic centimeter sample. The filter paper may contribute 

oxidizing matter equivalent to an amount of permanganate between 

0.03 and 0.10 cubic centimeter, averaging 0.08 cubic centimeter, or 

0.32 part per million of calcium. It would be surprising, indeed, if 

the addition of the positive and negative errors due to other sources 

of inaccuracy did not contribute an error equivalent to 0.08 part per 

million. Consequently the estimate of calcium in 250 cubic centimeters of water should not be considered accurate within 0.8 part per 

million when ordinary amounts of the substance are present, and it 

would probably be in greater error when large amounts of calcium 

are present or when smaller amounts of water are used for the determination.

It is probable that some of the analytical results are subject to even 

greater inaccuracy. The estimates in the third column of Table 3 

are, however, given more for the purpose of demonstrating the limit, 

to which reliance should be placed on the analyses than for any other 

purpose, and this consideration of the probable accuracy of the estimates leads to the interesting subject of the number of figures that
30 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

may be considered significant in the results. The ccmmittee on 

standard methods of water analysis of the American Public Health 

Association* has recommended that when the results show quantities above 10 parts per million no decimals be reported; that when 

results are between 1 and 10 parts one decimal only should be 

reported, and that when results are between 0.1 and 1 pr.rt two decimals only should be reported. These rules, though they were suggested especially for sanitary work, have much merit when applied to 

all water analyses; and if they were generally adopted these limitations would render unnecessary much unjustifiable f guring and 

would still leave results sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes. 

The recommendations of the committee were adopted in the present 

investigation, and though they do not coincide exactly in all respects 

with the minimum limits of accuracy recorded in Table 3, it was 

thought best to follow them rigidly rather than to attempt to adjust 

the results of each determination to an estimate that depends more 

or less on judgment rather than on accurate determination by analytical methods.

COMPARISON OF THE SUM AND TOTAL SOLIDS.

The probable accuracy of the analyses can be checked by comparing the sum of the constituents with the figure for total solids and by 

comparing the combining weights with the acids and the bases with 

each other. The first comparison shows the advantage of drying the 

total residue at 180° C. Some organic matter is left in the residue 

at that temperature, depending largely on its nature, and a little 

water sometimes remains. Part of the carbonates are probably 

decomposed, especially if much silica is present, and all the halfbound carbonic acid is volatilized. If much magnesium chloride is 

formed in the residue, part of the chlorine probably escapes. Usually, 

however, these sources of error tend to neutralize one another, and 

a fairly good agreement is found between total solids and the sum of 

the dissolved constituents minus the half-bound carboric acid. In 

order to illustrate this point, 800 analyses made at one laboratory 

by several chemists have been grouped according to the magnitude of 

the figure representing total dissolved solids, and the average difference between the sum of the constituents and this total has been 

computed for each group. The results are tabulated below. The 

last two lines of this table have been supplied from work done at 

another laboratory because the determinations of high solids at the 

first laboratory were not sufficiently numerous to justify computation of averages.

a Public Health Papers and Reports, Am. Pub. Health Assoc., vol. 30, pt. 2,1'KIS, p. 26.
ACCUEACY OF ESTIMATES. 31

TABLE 4. Average difference between dissolved solids and the sum of the constituents.

[Parts per million.]

Dissolved solids.

Not less 

than 

50 

100 

200 

300 

400 

1,000

Less 

than 

50 

100 

2QO 

300 

400 

1,000

Average differenre (plus 

or minus).

4 

5 

5 

6 

9 

25 

60

The figure for total solids is the higher in more than 90 per cent of 

the analyses, a condition showing the presence of organic matter and 

undetermined constituents. Ten parts excess of total solids is not 

uncommon, especially in highly colored waters, but 10 parts excess 

of the sum of the constituents is unusual in waters running below 200 

parts per million of solids, and results of that character should be 

carefully examined for error. The excess of total solids over the sum 

of the constituents may be 10 to 15 parts in a sample containing 100 

to 200 parts per million of solids, if much organic matter is present; 

it may be higher in highly sulphated or chlorinated waters, especially 

with a high sodium base, but it does not usually exceed 10 to 15 

parts in ordinary carbonated waters, even in those containing as 

much as 300 parts of total solids.

The average differences between total solids and the sum of constituents in analyses of waters that had been treated with aluminum 

hydrate as described on page 14 were somewhat less than the differences on untreated waters from rivers containing water of similar 

character, and excesses of the sum over the total solids were somewhat more common. Inasmuch as the waters treated in this manner 

were high in organic matter, most of which was removed by the 

aluminum hydrate, the facts just detailed seem to corroborate the 

belief that much of the difference between total solids and the sum 

is due to organic matter; but the evidence on this point is not 

conclusive.

ERROR OF COMBINING VALUES. 

METHODS OF COMPUTATION.

The accuracy "of the analyses was also checked by comparing the 

combining weights of the acidic and the basic radicles with each 

other. The constituents ordinarily present in natural waters in 

appreciable amount were quantitatively determined by analysis;, 

therefore, the difference between the sum of the combining weights 

of the acidic radicles and the sum of the combining weight? of the
32 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

basic radicles is a good test of the accuracy of the analysis. Each 

radicle expressed in parts per million was multiplied by its valence 

and the product divided by its molecular weight. The quotient is 

the combining weight of the radicle in parts per million; or to prevent 

confusion it may be called the combining value. Tl °> difference 

between the sum of the acidic and the sum of the basic values, multiplied by 100, then divided by the sum of all the value?, represents 

the percentage of error of the combining values. Factors for computing the combining value from the amount of the radicle are 

given in Table 5.

TABLE 5. Factors for computing combining values.

Factor.

0.0358

.1107

.0821

.0434

(CO,)..............

(HCOs). ............

Factor.

0.0255

.0333

.0164

Sulphate radicle (SO<)

Nitrate radicle. (NO3 )..

Chlorine (CD..........

Factor.

0.0208

.0161

.0282

The method of computation is illustrated in Table 6, in which the 

calculations are made on an analysis of Susquehanna Ri^er.

TABLE 6. Illustration of methods of computing probable accuracy of analysis.

I. Analytical statement. II. Computation of error.

SilicafSiOs)..............-....-

Sodium andpotassiuin(Na+K).

Bicarbonate radicle (HCO3)66; 

equivalent amount of COs. 

Sulphate radicle (SO4). .........

Sum of constituents. . .....

Parts 

per 

million.

9.0 

.05

26 

6.4 

12

32.0

42 

9.8 

7.0

144 

142

+2

Bases:

Sodium and potassium 

(Na+K). 

Acids: 

Carbonate radicle (CO3) . . 

Bicarbonate radicle 

(HC08). 

Sulphate radicle ( SO4 ) . . . . 

Chlorine (Cl)... ..........

Nitrate radicle (NO8).....

Parts 

per 

million.

26 ) 

6.4 ) 

12 )

0.0

66

42 

9.8 

7.0

100(2. 34

Factor.

< 0. 0499 = 

< .0821 = 

< .0434 =

Combining 

value.

=1.30 

= .52

= .52

X 0.0333 =0.00 

X .0164 =1.08

X .0208 = .87 

X .0282 = .28 

X . 0161 = . 11

0 <1A

- 2. 34) .

2.34 +2.34

=0.0

Silica has been considered to be present in colloidal form, and this 

is in accordance with, the generally accepted view. Kal lenberg and 

Lincoln,0 who are quoted by Clarke, b conclude from their experiments that it appears safe to say that in natural waters silica always

» Kahlenb'erg, L., and Lincoln, A. T., Solutions of silicates of the alkalies: Jour. P'lys. Chem., vol. 2, 

1898,p. 77. 

& Clarke, F. W., The data of geochemistry: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 330,1898, p. 151.
ACCURACY OF ESTIMATES. 33

.occurs in the colloidal state, and Kohlrausch" and other investigators make practically the same statement. Iron and aluminum have 

been treated as bases in waters containing free mineral acids and as if 

present in colloidal state in all other waters. The omission or addition of iron in the bases makes no practical difference in the calculated error of nearly all the analyses, and aluminum was usually not 

estimated.

Sodium and potassium have been computed as if no potassium 

were present that is, the alkalies have been computed from the 

weight of the combined chlorides by using the molecular weight 58. 

That this disregard of potassium in analyses of ordinary river waters 

introduces a negligible error may be demonstrated mathematically 

as follows. The ratio of sodium to potassium determined on 103 

composite samples of river water is between 1.8 and 31.2, averaging 

5.1, and the assumption that the ratio equals 2 allows practically a

.maximum value fqr potassium. If Na/K = 2, the error expressed in 

percentage of the calculated combining value of the alkalies is given 

in the following equation, in which x equals the amount -of potassium 

in parts per million:

39.4 X 0.0434(2.54 X2a + 1.90a;)-4.34 X 2s-2.55.Er 0 

0.394x0.0434(2.54X2z+1.90z)

If it is assumed that Na/K equals 5 the error is 2.8 per cent of the 

combining value of the alkalies. Furthermore, as high alkalies are 

usually accompanied by high ratios, it is doubtful whether a river 

with sodium and potassium as high as 15 per cent of the combining 

values would have a ratio as low as 5. In fact, the assumptions that 

the combining value of Na+K equals 18 per cent of the totpl combining weights and that the ratio Na/K equals 2 probably represent 

extreme and very unusual conditions, and even under such conditions 

the error introduced by using the molecular weight of sodium chloride 

is only 1 per cent.

On the other hand, the calculation of potassium as such wl en the 

true ratio is known increases the sum of the constituents. If x equals 

the ratio Na/K the ratio of the true value of Na + K to the calculated 

value of Na + K becomes

x + l 

jc+0.75'

In other words, the calculated value for sodium and potassium is 

always less than the true value, and the difference between the two 

is greater as x decreases. But this error also is negligible in nearly 

all analyses. Other elements either not included in the estimates

» Kohlrausch, P., Tiber Losungen von Natriumsilikaten: Zeitschr. physical. Chemie, vol. 12,1893, p. 773. 

236 09 3
34 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MEFIDIAN.

or disregarded in the computations, such as barium, strontium, 

lithium, manganese, and phosphates, are probably present in quantities so small that they have no appreciable effect on the calculations. Organic acids, which were not estimated, are an important 

exception to this statement, and they probably account for many of 

the computed excesses of bases over acids.

An important feature to be considered in discussing the probable 

.accuracy of the analyses is the limit of accuracy of the individual 

determinations. The specimen analysis in Table 6 has 142 parts 

per million of total solids and the computed percentage of error of 

the combining values is zero. If, however, each radicle were in 

error by the amount given in Table 2 as the limit of accuracy in determination an error of 4 per cent would accrue; but as tlris theoretieamaximum error is based on the assumption that eight figures may 

attain the maximum deviation in a given direction in the same 

analysis, the probabilities of its occurrence are small. When the. 

error of combining values is as high as this or higher it is usually the 

case that one or two constituents deviate by an amount more than 

the theoretical limit of accuracy while the other radicles are relatively constant. The percentage of error due to this source varies 

inversely with the sum of the constituents; in other words, it is greater 

with low total solids and less with high total solids. It also changes 

somewhat with changes in the relative composition of the residue. 

It is interesting to note in this connection that the computations of 

800 analyses made at one laboratory give 3.9 per cent ?.s the average 

error of the combining values, with an average of total solids of 130 

parts per million, figures coinciding almost exactly with the theoretical 

estimates.

RELATION BETWEEN TOTAL SOLIDS AND PERCENTAGE OF ERROR.

Though part of the analyses made in accordance with the regular 

methods are reported in this paper only by averages, it is deemed 

proper to discuss the errors of all in this section because of the 

amount of available material. The analyses, irrespective of the 

source from which the waters were taken and the laboratory in 

which the analyses were made, have been grouped according to 

the amount of total solids, and the percentages of error of the combining values have been averaged by groups. The results of these 

computations are presented in Table 7. Practically all the analyses 

were made with the regular amounts of water, and those in which 

greater or less amounts were used are so few that they do not affect 

the results.
ACCURACY OF ESTIMATES. 35

TABLE 7. Percentage of errors of combining values grouped according to the amount of

dissolved solids.

Dissolved solids 

(parts per million).

Not less 

than 

50 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

1,000

Less 

than 

50 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

1,000 

2,000

Number 

of analyses.

65 

844 

713 

907 

451 

137 

134 

70

3,321

Average 

error of 

combining 

weights 

(per cent).

6.5 

5.3 

4.5 

3.1 

2.9 

2.8 

2.6 

1.6

The average error computed for the entire number of 3,321 

analyses is 3.9 per cent, with an average of dissolved solids of 230 

parts per million. The average errors of the several group^1 range 

from 6.5 per cent for solids below 50 parts to 1.6 per cent for solids 

between 1,000 and 2,000 parts per million, and the magnitude of 

the error decreases with increase of dissolved solids. A comparatively small number of very large errors make the averages somewhat higher than they otherwise would be; nearly two-thirds of the 

analyses having errors smaller than the averages of their respective 

groups. In 60 per cent of the analyses the bases are in excess, but 

this preponderance of positive errors is confined almost ent:rely to 

waters in which the dissolved solids .are less than 250 parts per 

million and is not great enough to be especially significant. The 

significance of the average error of 3.9 per cent with 230 pj\rts per 

million of dissolved solids can better be realized when it is corsidered 

that if it were all concentrated in a single determination it would 

amount to only 14 parts of bicarbonates, 5 parts of calcium, or 3 

parts of magnesium. It corresponds to an average error in the individual determination of about 4 per cent, which is far within the 

limits of ordinary practice. In consideration of the relatively small 

amounts of substance that may cause these errors, it may be concluded that the procedures are sufficiently accurate for the practical 

analysis of waters for purposes of geologic and industrial interpretation.

As the procedures were used in several laboratories, an opportunity 

is afforded for observing their general availability in the hands of different chemists. The average percentage errors for several f,nalysts 

were between 3.2 and 5.3 per cent. These figures are complicated 

by the fact that the difference in quality of the waters at various 

laboratories affected somewhat the accuracy of the determinations; 

nevertheless the highest average error coincides with the lowest
36 SURFACE WATEES EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

average of total solids, and the lowest average error with the highest 

average of total solids; in other words, the errors of aralysis of different chemists follow nearly the same order shown in Table 7, and 

depend more on the quality of the water than on the personal equation of the analyst.

RELATION BETWEEN SOURCE AND PERCENTAGE OF ERROR.

After the analyses had been tabulated by rivers, the average percentage of error of the individual analyses of water from each river 

was computed. Then, by applying the criteria for rejecting estimates (see p. 38), abnormal figures in the analyses were detected and 

omitted from the tabulations, and the remaining figures in each set 

were averaged in order to show the average condition cf the waters, 

the average percentage error of the individual analyses, the percentage of error of the averages, and the average total dissolved solids of 

each river. The plus signs in the last column of the following table 

indicate that the bases ar£ in excess, and the minus signs indicate 

that the acidic radicles are in excess:

TABLE 8. Average percentage of errors of combining weights.

Source (river, except as noted).

Arkansas ..........

Red...............

White... ......... .

Platte.............

Platte. ............

North Platte.......

Miami.............

White.............

Youghiogheny ..... 

Mississippi.........

Lake Michigan. .... 

Susquehanna. .....

Tennessee..........

Sampling station.

Waco, Tex....................................

Little Rock, Ark. .............................

North Platte, Nebr. ..........................

Millvillo W VQ

Buffalo, N.Y.................................

St. Ignace, Mieh .............................. 

Danville, Pa. ................................. 

Hudson, N. Y ................................

Gilbertsville, Ky. .............................

Average 

total dissolved 

solids 

(parts per 

million).

1,136 

807 

630 

561 

480 

454 

450 

437 

426 

346 

336 

312 

302 

298 

294 

289 

279 

258 

247 

244 

242 

228 

202 

200 

197 

166 

140 

« 134 

«133 

130 

124 

122 

119 

»118 

112 

108 

«108 

1.04 

101

Average 

percentage 

of error of 

individual 

analyses.

2.1 

2.2 

2.1 

2.1 

3.4 

2.8 

2.1 

2:9 

3.9 

3.6 

3.3 

3.1 

2.6 

2.3 

2.6 

1.5 

3.4 

1.7 

3.1 

3.9 

3.6 

3.2 

4.9 

4.1 

4.5

3.2 

1.1 

1.4 

4.2 

4.5 

4.7 

5.0 

0.9 

3.9 

3.0 

1.7 

4.5 

6.4

Percentage 

of error of 

average.

- 0.6 

- 2.5 

- 0.2 

+ 1.8 

- 0.3 

- 0.7 

. - 0.8 

+ 0.6 

- 0.4 

- 0.1 

- 0.8 

+ 1.3 

+ 0.5 

+ 0.8 

+ 1.9 

+ 0.2 

+ 0.1 

+ 0.4 

+ 1.4 

- 0.6 

+ 1.9 

+ 0.3 

+ 4.6 

+ 1.0 

+ 1.6 

+ 4.0 

+ 2.1 

- 1.2 

- 0.8 

- 0.5 

+ 2.7 

- 0.3 

+ 3.6 

+ 0.2 

+ 0.3 

+ 1.4 

+ 1.5 

+ 3.0

+ 3.K

Double portions of water used for analysis.
ACOUEACY OF ESTIMATES. 37 

TABLE 8. Average percentage of errors of combining weights Continued.

Source (river, except as noted).

Lehigh

Tombigbee........

Cahaba.... ........

Dan...............

Oconee ............

Flint..............

Pearl..............

Sampling station.

Eau Claire, Wis. ..............................

Osdensburs N Y

Ealeigh, N. C .................................

Pee Dee, N. C. ................................

Dublin, Ga. ..................................

Columbia, 8. f! _ ....

West Point, Ga. ..............................

Average 

total dissolved 

solids 

(parts per 

million).

98

95

94

90

90

89

87

85

82

82

81

79

77

76

74

73

73

71

70

69

69

68

67

62

60

o60

59

57

52

48

Average 

percentage 

of error of 

individual 

analyses.

9.8

3.6

5.3

11.8

4.3

3.7

2.5

4.0

7.3

4.5

4.5

3.5

7.2

6.2

5.7

4.8

4.7

4.0

5.5

5.0

3.4

5.0

6.9

5.1

6.6

2.0

3.6

4.4

5.8

Percentage 

of error of 

average.

+ 8.1

+ 1.0

+ 5.7

+10.0

- 0.3

+ 0.4

+ 2.1

+ 2.0

+ 6.3

+ 9.0

- 0.4

- 0.4

+ 49

+ 6.0

+ 0.9

+ 5.1

+ 1.0

- 1.4

+ 0.4

+ 8.5

+ 9.1

+ 3.9

+11.7

+ 1.5

+ 4.4

+ 3.0

+ 8.5

a Double portions of water used for analysis.

The average percentage of error of the combining values in the 

individual analyses increases inversely with the total solids, rath few 

exceptions, as might be anticipated from the results in Table 7. The 

percentages of error of the averages do not bear any fixed relation to 

the percentages of error of the individual analyses, except that the 

former are usually smaller. This decrease is due partly to the 

elimination of abnormal estimates before computing the averages, 

but calculation of averages without omitting any figures har proved 

that only a small part of the decrease is due to that factor, and it is 

reasonable to conclude, therefore, that a portion of the error is variable. A considerable part of the difference between the error of the 

average and the error of the individual analyses is caused apparently 

by variable manipulative errors that tend to neutralize each other 

in the average. A few of the rivers, notably the Oswegatchie at 

Ogdensburg, N. Y., the Delaware at Lambertville, N. J., the Chippewa at Eau Claire, Wis., and the Wisconsin at Portage, Wis., have 

high percentages of error of the individual analyses, and all except 

Delaware River have high positive errors in the averages. Tl ^ errors 

of nearly all the analyses of water from these four rivers are positive; 

that is, the bases are higher than the acids. It is significant that all
38 SURFACE WATERS EAST OP THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

these rivers are high in organic matter of vegetable orig'.n, and possibly organic acids are present in equilibrium with a portion of the 

bases.

RELATION BETWEEN AMOUNT OF WATER AND PERCENTAGE OF ERROR.

Regular amounts of water for the individual determinations were 

used in most of the analyses that have been discussed. Double the 

regular amounts were, however, used in the analyses of 60 waters 

from the Great Lakes and from St. Lawrence River, and half the 

regular amounts were used for 600 waters, the errors of which are 

not included in Tables 6 and 7. The average percentage of error of 

combining values of the lake waters is 1.4 per cent, and the average 

of dissolved solids is 111 parts per million. The same figures for 

analyses made with the usual amounts of water are 3,7 and 230, 

respectively, and the corresponding averages for analyses made with 

half the regular amounts of water are 5.3 and 650. Though the 

lakes contain very clear carbonated waters with little organic matter 

in them and the waters in the last set are high in fine, gummy suspended matter which complicates the analysis, yet the figures just 

given indicate a relation between the amount of water that is used 

and the percentage of error of the analysis, thus giving additional 

evidence in favor of the conclusion that the errors have a large variable proportion. General experience in the laboratory has shown 

that it is better to use double portions of water when dissolved solids 

are less than 70 parts per million and to run duplicate determinations 

with smaller amounts of water when dissolved solids exceed 600 

parts per million.

REJECTION OF ANALYSES.

Table 9 shows the bases on which analyses or parts of analyses 

were rejected. The limits have been fixed in accordance with 

theoretical computations and experience gained in practical work.

TABLE 9. Criteria for rejecting analytical data.

Parts per million.

Dissolved solids.

Not less 

than 

50 

100 

200 

500 

1,000

Less 

than 

50 

100 

200 

500 

1,000 

2,000

Maximum 

excess of 

total dissolved 

solids over 

sum of constituents.

15 

20 

30 

40 

50

Maximum 

excess of 

sum of constituents 

over total 

dissolved 

solids.

5 

6 

8 

12

Per cent.

Maximum 

error of 

combining 

values.

15 

7 

5 

4 

3 

2
EXPBESSIOF OF ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 39

*

Analyses exceeding these limits should be subjected to careful 

scrutiny, and doubtful estimates should be either repeated or rejected. Due allowance should be made for organic matter that may 

be present, and an excess of the sum of the constituents ever dissolved solids should be more carefully scrutinized than the opposite 

condition.

METHOD OF EXPRESSING ANALYTICAL RESULTS.

STATEMENT IN PARTS PER MILLION.

The results of the analyses in this paper are stated in parts per 

million, and though the amounts of water for examination were 

measured by volume the mineralization is usually so low that the 

figures may be considered to represent parts per million by weight. 

Simplicity of computations, avoidance of fractions, and certainty of 

the basic unit make this decimal system especially satisfactory for 

practical purposes. Expression of the results of water analyses in 

parts per million has been generally adopted by sanitary and research 

chemists and by many technical chemists, and the exclusive employment of this unit industrially is delayed only by more or less objectionable precedent.

For the convenience of those who may desire to transfer the results in tliis volume to other forms of expression it may b? stated 

that an amount in parts per million multiplied by 0.058 gives the 

equivalent in grains per United States gallon of 231 cubic inches; 

multiplied by 0.07 gives the equivalent in grains per imperial gallon, and multiplied by 0.00833 gives the equivalent in pounds per 

thousand gallons.

STATEMENT IN IONIC FORM.

The analytical methods commonly applied to the examiration of 

water permit the estimation of the elements and radicles that are 

present. They also enable the determination of the total amount 

of mineral matter in solution, and by the treatment with dilute alcohol employed by Dudley," the Kennicott Water Softener Company, b and others they allow more or less approximate separation 

of the incrusting from the nonincrusting constituents. Put, further than this, ordinary chemical tests contribute little to krowledge 

regarding the chemical composition of mineral waters, and consequently the exact amounts of the different salts in solution are largely 

matters of conjecture. In an ordinary mineral water, for instance, 

it is customary to determine by analysis the amounts of the several 

ingredients silica, iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, sodium,

a Personal coiununieation from Dr C. B. Dudley, chief chemist, Pennsylvania Lines.

6 Method of Water analysis, published by the Kennicott Water Softener Company, Chicago Feights, 111.
40 SUKFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

potassium, the carbonate, bicarbonate, sulphate, and nitrate radicles, chlorine, and other bases and acids that it may be desirable to 

estimate; but the salts like sodium chloride, potassium, carbonate, 

or magnesium sulphate are not determined as such, and though 

salts are probably present in solution the analytical dat a are insufficient to permit the apportionment of the bases among the acids.

According to the dissociation theory advanced by Arrhenius and 

supported by the exhaustive researches of physical chemistry, a 

salt in solution becomes more or less thoroughly ionized, and its 

ingredients exist not only in molecular condition but also in the 

ionic state, the extent of dissociation being dependent on the nature 

of the salt and on other factors. All the bases present are in equilibrium, more or less, with all the acids, but with information only 

as to the amount of the elements and radicles that are in a natural 

water it becomes mathematically impossible to calculate the correct amounts of the different salts in solution. Yet many water 

analysts have been accustomed to make such combinations in accordance with rules that may appear reasonable or advisable at the 

time. As such rules are necessarily arbitrary in their nature, however, reports by different analysts are frequently so widely divergent 

in form as to be incapable of comparison with each other. As Clarke a 

has so aptly stated it, "The result is a meaningless chao^1 of assumptions and uncertainties." Reference to directions given by various 

authors 6 shows the divergence of practice in uniting the bases and 

acids when combinations are computed, and it suggests the com-, 

plications that occur in practice. Handy ° has callei particular 

attention to the confusion in methods of computation, and McGill, d 

Kimberley,6 and others also mention it.

There is at present a well-defined desire among chemists to break 

away from the misleading conventions imposed by statement in 

combinations by- presenting and discussing analytical da ta in a form 

that avoids as far as possible the personal equation of the analyst. 

Haywood and Smith/ have proposed for classifying on the ionic 

basis mineral waters in respect to their therapeutic action a scheme 

that will undoubtedly be entirely practicable with some additions 

and modifications suggested by its extended use. 1 system of

a Clarke, F. W., The data of geochemistry: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 330,1908, p. 54.

6 Walter, G., and Gartner, A., Tiemann-Gartner's Handbuch der Wasser, Braunschweig, 4th ed., 1895, 

p. 357. Fresenius, C. R., Quantitative chemical analysis, 2d American ed., 1897, p. 674. Stillman, T. B., 

Engineering chemistry, 1897, p. 65. Wanklyn, J. A., Water analysis, 9th ed., 1894, p. 110.

c Handy, J. O., Water softening: Eng. News, vol. 51, 1904, p. 500; also Proc. Eng. Sic. Western Pennsylvania, vol. 19,1903, p. 659.

d McGill, Anthony, Boiler feed waters: Bull. Am. Ry. Eng. and Maintenance of Way Assoc. No. 6, 1905, 

p. 612.

e Kimberley, A. E., The chemical phases of a water-softening problem: Jour. Infect. Dis., Suppl. No. 1, 

May, 1905, p. 157.

/ Haywood, J. K., and Smith, B. H., Mineral waters of the United States: Bull. Bur. Chem., U. S. 

Dept. Agr., No. 91, 1905, p. 9.
EXPEESSIOK OF ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 41

formulas evolved by Stabler 0 and based on the ionic form reduces 

the classification of waters for steaming and for general industrial 

use to mathematical certainty and makes it apparent that the fundamental data obtained by actual analysis are sufficient for determining 

the value of a natural water and for estimating the cost of purifying it 

in general industrial operations. Further evidence of the desire to 

effect a reform in the methods of reporting water analyses is furnished 

by the resolutions adopted by scientific associations. As early as 

1886 a committee b appointed by the Chemical Society of Washington recommended that all analyses of water should be stated in 

terms of the radicles found, whether elementary or compound, meaning thereby the immediate results of the actual analysis; and though 

the committee recommended that the combinations deemed most 

probable by the chemist making the analysis should also be stated, 

they were careful to avoid any recommendation as to the manner of 

combining the analytical results, because the views of chemists would 

probably differ so much in that respect. The report of this committee was adopted by section C of the American Association for the 

Advancement of Science in 1887,c but two years later a committee 

of the British Association for the Advancement of Science/ while 

agreeing with the American Association in reporting the analytical 

data obtained by direct determination, disapproved the statement 

of the mineral ingredients combined as salts. Since that time many 

other scientific organizations in America and in Europe have recommended the statement of the actual results instead of the combinations deduced by the chemist. At the Fifth International Congress 

of Applied Chemistry e in 1903, the discussion of two papers on 

methods of expressing the results of a water analysis indicated that 

many of the chemists favored the ionic form of statement, and at the 

Sixth International Congress Christomanos^ recommended that the 

simple statement of the acidic and basic ions in parts per million be 

made in all water analyses.

The ionic form of statement appeals particularly to the aralytical 

chemist because it affords an opportunity of stating results that can 

be checked for their accuracy by persons other than those making 

the tests. When hypothetical combinations are made, one of three 

methods of procedure is usually followed (1) all the bases and acids 

except the alkalies present in appreciable amount are estimated, and 

the excess of acids is computed to an equivalent of sodium and

a Stabler, Herman, The mineral analysis of water for industrial purposes and its interprets.tion by the 

engineer: Eng. News, vol. 60, 1908, p. 355.

6 Bull. Chem. Soc. Washington No. 2, 1887, p. 35.

c Chem. News, vol. 56, 1887, p. 113.

d Chem. News, vol. 60, 1889, p. 203.

« Bericht V. Internationale! Kongress fiir angewandte Chemie, vol. 1, 1903, p. 261.

/ Christomanos, A. C., Bericht iiber die Arbeiten der VI. Unter-Kommission der Internatioralen Analysen-Konunlssiott: Atti del VI. Congresso Internazionale di Chimica Applicata, vol. 7, 1907, p. 213.
42 SUKFACE WATEES EAST OF THE HUNDEEDTH MEETDIAN.

potassium salts; or (2) all the bases and acids except tie carbonates 

are estimated, and the excess of bases computed to an equivalent in 

carbonates; (3) if all the bases and acids are determined, it is necessary to "doctor" the figures of the hypothetical combinations in 

order properly to balance the bases and the acids. These methods of 

procedure effectively conceal errors of technique and leave it entirely 

to the judgment of the analyst whether his error of closure is too 

great or too little, and the evidence on which his judgment is based 

is completely masked because the hypothetical combinations show 

no error at all. On the other hand, the ionic form of statement, 

because it gives the determined elements and radicles, makes it possible to balance the acids against the bases and to determine the 

probable accuracy of the work.

In brief, it may be said that the ionic form of presenting the 

results of an analysis of a mineral water gives a statement of facts 

and not of opinion. The form is entirely practical and presents 

the actual results for the consideration and criticism of persons 

other than those making the. tests. As it is in accordance with the 

generally accepted views based on our knowledge of chemistry, 

the analyses in this volume have been stated in that way.

LOCATION OF SAMPLINO STATIONS.

The location of the sampling stations, the names of the collectors, 

and information regarding immediate surroundings likeK to influence 

the quality of the water are given in the table which follows, and 

the list is arranged alphabetically by names of the rivers and lakes. 

If stream-gaging data are available the location of the gaging station 

is stated, together with its distance above (+) or beT ow ( ) the 

sampling station. Several factors were necessarily considered in 

determining the location of the points at which samples of water 

were to be collected. The relative importance of the streams from 

a geologist's standpoint, particularly in regard to denudation, was 

given much weight; and practical considerations in reT ation to the 

industrial uses of the waters, the procurement of collectors, the 

shipment of samples, and other more or less local features influenced 

the selection.
List cf sampling stations.

Source of sample (river, except as noted) 

and location of sampling station.

~^- Alabama, Selma, Ala. .................

s irr-Arkansas. Little Rock, Ark. ........... 

w^"~ Big Muddy. Murphysboro, 111". ... ......

^^ Big Vermilion, Danville, 111. ............

^ Cache, Mounds, IU. ....................

.^Cape Fear. Wilmington, N. C ..........

-C^"""Ce(iar » Cedar Rapids, Iowa. . ...........

1 '* Cumberland :

^ -Dan, South Boston, Va. ...............

,^^- Delaware, Lambertville, N. J ..........

^^ Embarrass: 

Charleston, 111. .....................

--». Lawrenceville, 111. .................

Erie (Lake), Buffalo, N. Y. ............ 

"1. Flint, Albany. Ga....... ...............

Fox: 

Elgin, 111. ..........................

Ottawa, 111. ........................

:x^_ Hudson, Hudson, N. Y. ...............

Illinois: 

La Salle,Ill.. ........ ............. 

Peoria,Ill..........................

Kampsville, 111 .....................

^» Iowa, Iowa City. Iowa .................

Gaging station.

Location , showing distance, in miles, 

above (+) or below 

( ) sampling station

Same ................. 

.....do................

Same................. 

.....do................

......do................

Fayettevi]le,+75.....

.....do................

.....do................

Clarkesville, Tenn.; 

+70.

.....do..... ...........

.....do................

.....do................

Same .................. 

.....do................

.....do................

Same................. 

.....do................

.....do................

None. ................

a Maintained by 

G. S.; W. B...... 

G.S. .............

W.B.; E.G...... 

Ill ................

G.S.; W.B......

111................

G.S..............

W.B............. 

G.S.; W.B......

G. S.; W.B......

G.S..............

G.S.; W.B.......

W.B.; E.G......

W.B.............

G.S..............

G.S..............

E.G.............. 

G. S.; W.B......

G.S..............

E.G..............

G.S.; W.B....... 

G.S.; W.B.......

111................

Name of collector.

C. F. Brislin. . ........

F. C.Robinson.......

W.J.Riley. .......... 

H. C. Stagner. ........

W. Van Stienberg. ....

D. J. O'Connell.......

R. S. Toogood........

J. C. Kimpton........

J. T. Ahearn..........

J. R. East.............

C.H.Naylor.... ......

/James Winkleblack . . .

H. L. Lyon. ..........

R.R. Parkins.........

E. Van Benschoten . . .

James Brotherton.

A. G.Smith.... ......

Mids

Mids

Abov

From 

D

D

Mids

From 

From 

Mids

Mids

Mids

Mids

Mids

From 

Mids

JFrom 

From 

From 

Mids

From 

From 

Mids

Mids

From 

Mids

Mids

D

G. S.=U. S. Geological Survey; W. B.= U. S. Weather Bureau; E. C.= Engineer Corps, TJ. S. Army; 111.
List of sampling stations Continued.

Source of sample (river, except as noted) 

and location of sampling station.

"""- > James, Richmond, Va... ...............

^""SKaskaskia: 

Carlyle, 111. ........................

X, Shelbvville, 111. ....................

"-1 Lehigh, South Bethlehem, Pa..........

 -^ Little Vermilion , Streator, 111". .........

*"? Little Wabash, Carmi, 111. .............

^ Maumee, Toledo, Ohio. ................ 

- Miami, Dayton, Ohio. .................

Mississippi : Minneapolis, Minn. ................

Moline.Ill. ................ .........

Quincy, 111. ... ..................... 

Chester, 111.. . ......................

Memphis, Tenn. ...................

Missouri:

Kansas City, Kans. ................ 

- Ruegg, Mo. ........................

-^_" Muskingum, Zanesville, Ohio ..........

-^*Neuse, Raleigh, N.C. ..................

 " Oconee, .Oublin, Ga. ................... 

- *' Ocmulgee, Macon, Ga. .................

 Oswegatchie, Ogdensburg, N. Y .......

.< Pearl, Jackson, Miss....................

_^- Pedee, Pedee, N. C........ .............

__ P|atte:

Fremont, Nebr .....................

Gaging station.

Location, showingdistance, in miles, 

above ( + ) or below 

( ) sampling station.

Same.. ...............

Allegan, 30..........

.....do................

.....do................

None ................. 

Same .................

Mankato, +60......... 

Anoka, +20...........

Hannibal, Mo.; -15...

.....do................

Same, 76............

Lock No. 4, +10.......

.....do................ 

.....do................ 

.....do...;............

.....do................

.....do................

Cheraw, S. C., -20....

None..................

o Maintained by 

W.B............. 

G.S..............

111................

Ill ................

W.B.............

W.B.............

111................

"W. "BY."."."."."!""."

E.G..............

W.B............. 

G.S..............

Ill ................

W.B............. 

W.B.............

W.B.; E.C...... 

E.G..............

W.B.............

W.B............. 

W.B.............

W.B.............

G. S.; W.B.......

o.s. .............

G.S.; W.B....... 

G. S.; W.B....... 

W.B.............

G.S..............

G. S.; W.B.......

W.B.............

G.S..............

Name of collector.

Beverley Richardson. .

D.L.Holland ........

H.M. Ueberroth......

J. M. Wisler........... 

B. F. Glass ...........

R. C.Strunk.......... 

J. H. McConnell ......

F. J. Brinkoetter. . . . . .

T. D. Shroyer.........

H. A.Siekels..........

F.E. Hatch..........

W. E.Martin.........

W.M. Chambers..... 

H. A. Lord...........

JW. D. Benson........

tF.L.Hahn........... 

C.H.Daniels.........

Abov

Midst

From 

D

Midst

Midst

From 

In cu

D

From 

Midch

Midst

From 

From 

D

From 

Near 

From 

Midst

Midst

Midst

Near 

Main 

Midst

Midst

At wa

From 

Midst

Midst

^Midst

Midst
Red, Shreveport, La. .................. 

Reservoir:- 

Cartter,Ill. ........................

Rdcfe:

Sterling, 111.. ......................

St. Lawrence, Ogdensburg, N. Y ....... 

Saluda, Columbia, S. C. ................

Sangamon:

Springfield, 111.. ...................

Savannah, Augusta, Ga. ............... 

Shenandoah, Millville, W. Va. .........

Superior (Lake), Sault Ste. Marie, Mich .

Susquehanna: 

West Pittston, Pa.... ..............

Tennessee:

Gilbertsville, Kv.. . ................

Wabash:

Wateree, Camden, S. C. ................ 

White:

.....do................

.....do................

None.................. 

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

Same.................

.....do................ 

....do................

Marquette, +160. .....

Wilkes-Barre, +10. ...

.....do................

.. ..do................

+80.

-30. 

Same .................

.....do................

W. B.............

G.S.. ............

W. B.; B.C.......

/£V_

P <5 ( '

G.S.. ............

B.C.............. 

W.B. ............

111.................

111.................

G.S.; W.B....... 

G.S. .............

B.C. ........... .

G.S.; W. B.......

G.S.; W. B.......

G.S..............

G. S.; W.B.......

W.B.............

G.S..............

W.B.............

G. S.; W.B.......

G.S..............

W. B. ............

D. P. Irvine.. ......... 

A. A. Justice..........

R. E. Coler...........

J.E.Figg...... .......

C.A.Yohn.. .........

H. A. Lord. ..........

E. N. Chisholm, jr....

Gus Obert. ...........

fj. W.Martin..........

\John Madden. ........ 

C. A.Maxwell.........

/Lester Hodges. ........

J.A.Allan............

E.F.Bell. ............

W. C. Brown.......... 

L.E.Davis..... ......

Works.

In cu

Mids

Mids

Mids

From 

From 

In m

In cu

From 

D

Mids

D

From 

}-From 

(<

Mids

D

In m

Mids

Mids

Mids

From 

Mids

In m

Mids

Mids

oG. S.=-U. S. Geological Survev; W.J5.=U. S. Weather Bureau; E. C.= Engineer Corns, IT. S. Armv; 111.= En

& The sampling station is above the entrance of Kansas River, but the gaging station is below that stream, 

c Observations made under direction of the Mexican section of the International (Water) Boundary Commission

<* Samples collected by Spring Brook Water Supply Company from their intake at West Pittston till Decemb

Brewery, Pittston.
46 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MEriDIAF.

ANALYTICAL RESULTS.

The following tables give the results of the analyses of certain 

rivers and lakes east of the one hundredth meridian. Each table 

presents a detailed statement of the results of the analyses of composite samples, arranged in chronological order, followed by lines 

showing the mean of the analyses and the chemical composition of 

the anhydrous residue. Wherever gage heights were available they 

were averaged in sets corresponding to the sampling periods, and 

this computed average is included in the table.

At the end of the detailed analyses is a table in which the lines 

showing average quality of the waters analyzed both in parts per 

million of mineral matter and in percentage composition of the anhydrous residues are assembled. The list of localities in this last table 

includes 27 in the State of Illinois not included in the preceding 

detailed statements.

Mineral analyses of water from Alabama River at Selma, Ala.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 18 

Nov. 28 

Dec. 8 

Dec. 18 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 14 

Jan. 24 

Feb. 3 

Feb. 13 

Feb. 25 

Mar. 7 

Mar. 17 

Mar. 27 

Apr. 6 

Apr. 16 

Apr. 26 

May 6 

May 16 

May 26 

June 6 

June 16 

June 26 

July 7 

July 17 

July 28 

Aug. 7 

Aug. IS 

Aug. 28 

Sept. 8 

Sept. 18 

Sept. 28 

Oct. 8

Per ct. 

drous

To 

Nov. 17 

Nov. 27 

Dec. 7 

Dec. 17 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 13 

Jan. 23 

Feb. 2 

Feb. 12 

Feb. 24 

Mar. 6 

Mar. 16 

Mar. 26 

Apr. 5 

Apr. 15 

Apr. 25 

May 5 

Mav 15 

May 25 

June 3 

June 15 

June 25 

July 6 

Julv 16 

Julv 26 

Aug. 6 

Aug. 17 

Aug. 27 

Sept. 6 

Sept. 17 

Sept. 27 

Oct. 7 

Oct. 17

of anhyTurbidity.

65 

180 

155 

180 

80 

50 

35 

65 

100 

25 

260 

160 

95 

40 

95 

195 

220 

90 

312 

1% 

195 

90 

205 

210 

125 

325 

230 

160 

100 

80 

90 

180 

90

141

Suspended matter.

22 

97 

118 

145 

49 

42 

21 

45 

62 

19 

195 

124 

86 

41 

89 

176 

184 

70 

228 

117 

157 

301 

139 

326 

86 

203 

141 

58 

59 

65 

70 

105 

50

100

Coefficient offineness.

0.34 

.54 

.76 

.80 

.61 

.84 

.60 

.69 

.62 

.76 

.75 

.78 

.91 

1.02 

.93 

.90 

.84 

.78 

.73 

.71 

.80 

1.12 

.68 

.60 

.69 

.62 

.61 

.36 

.59 

.81 

.78 

.58 

.56

.72

(Fe). Total iron

2.2 

2.2 

2.8 

1.

-----

Silica (SiO ).2

19 

40 

34 

31

20 

21 

20 

26 

26 

10 

22 

28 

20 

20 

22 

22 

30 

19 

13 

15 

25 

17 

11 

22 

16 

17 

25 

23 

21 

21 

17 

11 

12

21 

26.2

Iron (Fe).

0.7 

.6 

.8

.5 

.20 

.40 

.30 

.5 

.5 

.10 

.10 

.20 

.20 

.40 

.5 

.40 

.40 

1.2 

1.0 

1.3 

.5 

.35 

1.1 

.48 

1.1 

1.0 

1.2 

1.0 

Tr. 

.03 

Tr. 

.03

.53

c. 9

Calcium (Ca).

12 

12 

11 

9 6

11 

8.3 

16 

8.4 

8.2 

14 

15 

10 

15 

16 

15 

12 

10 

12 

13 

11 

13 

15 

18 

15 

37 

15 

15 

13 

16 

15 

14 

12 

12

13 

1C. 2

bo

3

*W

i

3

1.6 

.8 

1.2 

1 6

Tr. 

4.4 

2.8 

1.6 

2.4 

1.2 

2.0 

1.2 

1.2 

1.6 

5.2 

5.2 

3.6 

2.8 

2.3 

2.6 

2.8 

4.8 

2.3 

4.5 

5.8 

5.3

' "4.8 

4.0 

4.1 

3.0 

2.9

2.9 

3.6

and Sodiumpo- 

(Na+K). tassium 

-----

-----

-----

"3.2

"s.'e

6.7 

6.7 

5.5

"8.~9 

9.5

7.8 

5 7 

8.1 

7.4 

6.7 

9.0

7.0 

8.7

Carbonate radicle 

(CO;,).

0.0 

.0 

0

0

.0 

.0 

0

0

.0

.0 

.0

0

0

.0 

0

,0

.0 

0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

6Tr. 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

29.4

Bicarbonate rad- (HCO ).icle 3

46 

41 

39

3?

31

44 

44

37

3?

44 

46

34

49

51 

58

53

41

43 

48 

46 "ei

55 

67 

50

"60 

59 

68 

66 

56 

57

48

a> 

[3

«oO S 02

03 - s

A

B% "3 

02

......

------

10 

13 

9.4 

14 

8.7 "io"

13 

12 

9.4 

8.7 

4.8 

5.0 

3.7 

4.4

9.0 

11.2

Nitrate radicle 

(N0 ).3

0.3 

.5 

.6 

.3 

.4 

.3 

.8 

.1 

.8 

.4 

.3 

.5 

.3 

.4 

.1 

.2 

.1 

.1 

1.3 

.4 

1.6 

1.2 

.9 

1.6 

1.6 

1.2 

1.6 

1.1 

.4 

1.0 

1.0 

1.1 

.9

.7 

.9

Chlorine (Cl).

0.2 

2.0 

1.8 

2.0

"3." 5

3.2 

4.5 

2.8 

3.0 

1.0 

3.0 

1.5 

2.5 

1.5 

3.0 

2.0 

2.5 

1.2 

1.8 

1.7 

2.4 

2.1 

2.1 

3.0 

1.8 

2.7 

2.0 

2.5 

2.2 

2.4 

2.4 

2.3

2.3 

2.9

dissolved Total 

solids.

79 

91 

82 

78 

78 

83 

73 

67 

66 

58 

79 

70 

70 

72 

80 

76 

74 

63 

94 

90 

98 

90 

86 

104 

105 

99 

101 

110 

105 

88 

82 

64 

68

82

360 '®

J3

&0~<U a§ 

1

3.8 

17.1 

11.0 

7.0 

10.7 

19.5 

7.7 

7.5 

27.9 

9.4 

23.0 

20.8 

9.3 

6.3 

7.4 

13.3 

16.1 

16.5 

23.9 

12.7 

9.9 

6.0 

7.2 

4.0 

4.4 

5.4 

3.8 

2.7 

1.4 

2.1 

2.0 

4.7 

1.5

o Analyses November 5,1906, to May 15,1907, by J. R. Evans; May 16 to Septemt; «r 6,1907, by Walton 

Van Winkle; September 8 to October 17,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Colllns. 

& Abnormal; computed as HCOa in the average. 

c Fe2O8 .
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 47

Mineral analyses of ivater from Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 13

Sept. 24

Oct. 4

Oct. 15

Oct. 25

Nov. 4

Nov. 15

Nov. 27

Dec. 6

Dec. 17

Dec. 27

Jan. 7

Jan. 16

Jan. 26

Feb. 6

Feb. 18

Feb. 28

Mar. 11

Mar. 21

Apr. 1

Apr. 11

Apr. 21

May 1

May 11

May 21

May 31

June 10

June 26

July 1

July 12

July 23

Aug. 2

Aug. 12

Aug. 22

Sept. 1

i

To 

Sept. 23

Oct. 3

Oct. 14

Oct. 24

Nov 3

Nov. 14

Nov. 25

Dec. 5

Dec. 16

Dec. 26

Jan. 5

Jan. 15

Jan. 25

Feb. 5

Feb. ]6

Feb. 27

Mar. 10

Mar. So

Mar. 81

Apr. 10

Apr. 20

Apr. 30

May 11

May 20

May 30

June 9

June 20

June 30

July 10

July 22

Aug. 1

Aug. 11

Aug. 21

Aug. 31

Sept. 10

Mean...........

Per ct. of anfaydroa5 residuje . .

>, £*

EH

19

15

46

21

29

5

29

8

65

13

36

38

35

6

4

6

5

27

8

5

40

19

19

29

36

20

18

28

15

26

15

5

2

19

21

M

 g

S

&"d

ft

OQ

26

21

69

28

63

5.2

45

5.2

86

13

40

41

48

4.2

2.6

6.0

2.0

179

53

7.6

5.4

30

22

17

30

29

22

24

36

23

30

19

7.6

2.4

24

30

jj<n

"o .

-g 8

.IS0

1

1.37

1.40

1.50

1.33

1.24

1.04

1.55

.65

1.32

1.00

1.11

1.08

1.37

.70

.65

1.00

.40

1. 96

.95

1.08

.75

1.16

.89

1.04

.80

1.10

1.33

1.28

1.53

1.15

1.27

1.52

1.20

1.26

1.14

<o

h

a

.S3g

1O

EH

0.2

1.2

3.5

1.2

1.5

.2

2.0

2

2.6

.9

1.6

1.4

1.8

.5

.4

.2

.4

6.5

1.5

.7

.4

1.1

.9

.6

1.0

1.3

.8

1.0

1.2

1.0

1.1

.6

.3

.2

1.1

1.2

^

qw

03 .2

in

12

8.6

6.0

11

9.2

7.8

4.4

6.0

4.8

7.6

6.2

5.4

5.4

7.4

6.8

2.4

6.8

7.0

3.8

7.0

6.4

12

11

17

5.4

14

7.2

7.6

12

10

9.0

10

5.4

6.4

8.0

7.9

9.1

^

<D

~

&

Tr.

0.06

Tr.

Tr.

.1

.1

.2

.1

.15

.17

.22

.21

.21

.2

.16

.09

.13

.3

.10

.13

.10

.16

.10

.18

.10

.15

.10

.11

.15

.14

.14

.12

.10

.13

.19

.13

c.2

'S

O

'3g 

<s O

21

22

18

14

12

12

12

12

10

10

11

8.5

9.2

13

15

16

14

9.2

7.4

10

12

9.6

8.6

10

10

10

10

14

14

15

17

18

23

26

25

14

16.1

'So

* '

|

'53

CD

3

4.2

4.0

2.0

1.8

2.2

1.8

2.2

2.0

3.0

3.2

3.6

2.0

2.2

3.8

3.4

3.4

3.2

2.2

1.6

2.6

2.8

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.8

3.4

4.0

4.4

5.4

6.0

6.0

3.0

3.5

Ax. \S f^4. Pi

'a *

*5,

a|

O c3

19

19

12

11

9.6

7.6

9.3

9.1

4.4

5.0

7.1

5.7

5.2

9.1

9.0

9.8

9.3

8.0

5.4

7.2

9.4

9.1

9.1

8.8

8.0

8.8

8.5

13

11

12

14

15

19

21

22

11

12.7

tH .

SO

gos^

0

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

69.4

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

21.9

i^^

ffl o

*§

O^ '

||

3

51

61

40

34

37

36

37

33

26

26

28

21

19

32

41

22

34

28

24

29

27

27

29

37

30

43

35

45

44

45

50

51

63

71

67

38

[3

S-t .

g

 4JQQ

e3 ^^

*

S

35

25

19

13

12

14

14

14

12

13

16

12

14

23

23

22

20

16

12

14

16

14

12

12

12

10

14

14

14

18

22

22

26

30

32

17

19.6

CD

O

 d 

-|

1

g

0.0

Tr.

.6

.4

.6

.7

.9

.9

1.5

1.1

1.7

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.2

.6

1.1

1.5

.6

1.3

1.0

1.0

1.0

.7

.6

.5

.3

.4

.7

f .6

.3

.3

.2

.1

.2

.7

,8

O

rt

"g

d

2?

29

20

13

12

13

12

11

8.2

8.4

11

6.7

7.4

10

13

16

13

8.2

6.0

9.4

12

10

7.6

11

11

9.1

9.7

13

13

14

17

17

25

32

32

14

16 1

 d

>

O m

'S'o

S"

'o 

EH

140

142

107

87

81

77

74

71

59

fi3

73

54

55

80

89

85

83

65

47

67

73

72

66

81

64

78

71

88

89

94

109

111

132

154

155

. 87

a

<0 ** .

C3 Gj? 3~

to

2.49

2.86

5.68

5.51

5.94

5.11

7.67

5.49

10.30

7.79

8.15

11.20

10.20

5.63

4.60

4.89

5.27

11.46

11.47

7.11

5.77

8.16

8.06

6.48

6.99

7.82

6.28

4.92

5.25

421

3.27

2.98

1.92

1.75

1.99

a Analyses September 13 to December 5,190G, by R. B. Dole; December 6,1906, to March 31,1907, by H. B. 

Dole and M. G. Roberts; March 4 to September 10,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts. 

& Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average, 

c FeaOs.
48 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Androscoggin River at Brunswick, Me.® 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1905-6).

Apr.25...... ......

May 2. ............

May 16............

May 23. ...........

May 30.. ..........

July 4.............

July 11. ...........

July 18. ...........

July 25.. ..........

Aug. 8............

Aug. 22...........

Sept.5............

Sept. 12...........

Oct. 10............

Oct. 17............

Oct. 31............

Nov. 7. ...........

Nov. 15...........

Dec. 12............

Jan. 2.............

Jan. 23... .........

Feb. 6.............

Feb. 20.. ..........

Feb. 27.... ........

Mar. 6..... ........

Mar. 27.... ........

Per ct. of anhySilica 

(Si02 ).

6.6

5.4

5

0

7.3

7.5

6.5

7 S

7 Z

9.5

8

1

10

9

0

6.7

7.0

7.6

9 A

7.4

9 Q

6.2

9

C

9

0

13

9.4

13

14

14

7 1

10

9

C

1111

10

9.5

11

11

14

12

14

11

6.0

4 Q

4.0

la fi

Fe2O3+ 

A12 03 .

2.1

1.8

1.4

1.4

2

Q

3.1

2.0

1.8

3

0

2.6

1.7

3.2

4.1

3

9

2.2

2 9

4.0

s n

1.8

2.7

2.7

s i

4.1

4.9

3.9

4.6

4.6

3.6

4.7

5 Q

4.1

3.2

4 1

2.0

2.9

4.2

1 fi

4.6

2.5

4.0

2.6

2.8

4.9

4 Q

3.4

2.0

1.0

6.6

Calcium 

(Ca).

3.6

4.6

4.3

4.4

5.8

6.2

6.3

6.0

fi Q

5.6

5.8

7.2

6.1

fi 3

5.5

6 9

6 9

7.9

s H

5.9

7.7

8.8

S A.

14

13

7.5

Q 1

7.0

7.7

7 9

8.4

11

6.0

Q" **

11

8.5

6.0

6.8

7.2

12

7.9

5.6

8.8

10

5.6

3.6

3.4

7.4

ICO

Magnesium 

(Mg).

1.4

.8

.6

1.3

1 0

9

1.0

1.5

1.5

1.2

1.7

1.7

1.5

1.4

2.1

2.0

1.6

2.2

1.1

.6

.6

1.5

.7

.6

.7

.7

.5

.6

1.6

.5

1.0

.6

.5

.5

1.7

.8

.8

1.2

1.2

.9

.6

.6

1.1

2

0

Sodium 

(Na).

1.7

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.0

2.4

2.5

2.1

2.5

2.7

2.4

2.8

2.6

2.1

2.8

2.8

2.2

3.4

1.3

3.2

3.8

3.4

3.0

1.7

1.9

3.2

3.7

3.4

3.0

2.6

2.4

3.3

2.3

2.4

1.7

2.8

3.0

2.7

2. fi

2.2

2.2

2.5

2.5

3.6

2.3

1.9

2.0

1.7

2.5

5 9

Potassium 

(K).

0.7

.9

.7

.6

. 1.0

1.3

.9

.8

.9

.9

.8

.8

1.2

.9

.7

.8

1.1

1.0

1.4

.9

.6

.7

.8

.9

.9

.9

.7

1.6

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

.9

.8

1.5

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.0

.7

.8

1.0

2.1

Carbonate 

radicle 

(C03).

20.3

Sulphate 

radic'e 

(S04 ).

6.4

9.2

9.5

8 2

8 6

9 6

11

11

11

S.7

9.4

11

14

12

13

S.6

14

13

12ie

S.8

IS

14

14

?.9

14

13

1&

14

8.8 ie

12

fi. 1

11

f. 4

ie

15

f.7

15

1C

F.8

11

17

15

14

f. 4

If

1C

If

f.l

f.9

f.7

12

24.8

Chlorine 

(Cl).

3.0

3.3

1.0

.6

.9

.8

1.2

.6

.4

.9

2.6

.9

3.0

3.9

3.5

3.7

3.9

3.9

3.5

3.5

3.9

3.0

3.0

1.2

3.9

3.5

3.0

3.5

3.3

3.5

3.5

1.2

1.0

1.2

3.5

1 2

.9

1.0

1.2

.5

.9

1.2

.4

.8

3.0

3.5

3.5

3.3

2.8

3.6

3.0

2.3

4.8

Total dissolved 

solids.

27

30

25

26

26

31

35

35

32

35

33

37

41

43

44

34

41

40

43

49

33

48

40

51

56

49

39

52

47

52

52

45

40

49

53

47

47

52

43

34

42

50

52

49

53

52

56

52

31

27

24

42

« Analyses by F. C. Robinson.

b Based on the assumption that the average content of bicarbonates is 20 parts.
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 49

Mineral analyses of water from Arkansas River near Little Rock, Ark.® 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Nov. 1

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 3

Dec. 20

Dec. 14

Feb. 2

Feb. 21

Mar. 8

Mar. 29

Apr. 13

Apr. 23

May 3

May 14

May 24

June 20

July 19

Aug. 8

Aug. 18

Aug. 30

Sept. 9

Oct. 7

To 

Nov. 10

Nov. 20

Dec. 2

Dec. 19

Jan. 11

Jan. 31

Feb. 20

Mar. 7

Mar. 28

Apr. 12

Apr. 22

May 2

May 13

May 23

June 2

July 18

Aug. 5

Aug. 17

Aug. 29

Sept. 8

Oct. 6

Oct. 24

Mean............

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

2

P6-1

270

140

140

1,000

320

1,320

275

220

450

235

290

285

1,500

860

450

2,800

270

1,000

600

3.000

280

900

755

......

S

s

 o

CD

S

CO

172

96

135

894

294

1,567

206

228

413

233

227

192

1,073

961

460

2,730

165

834

480

4,119

162

811

748

$

*H«

fll

!Ci Sa

1

0.64

.69

.96

.89

.92

1.19

.75

'1.04

.92

.99

.78

.67

.72

1.12

1.02

.97

.61

.83

.80

1.37

.58

.90

00

 OC

-----

X.

o

03

03

1

53

31

20

24

47

31

20

16

25

19

20

22

54

56

40

20

18

29

13

36

26

26

28

4.6

S^

a

o

M 

M

0.30

.30

.9

2.4

1.2

.40

.25

1.8

.8

.9

1.2

1.8

2.2

1.0

.30

.10

.15

.06

.12

.33

.8

S2

o.2

'ti

a

'S' s

 3

O

84

86

39

53

25

40

57

54

42

45

32

42

27

32

31

49

66

96

95

71

72

72

55

9.0

t

¥_D

<D

03

^

18

22

11

14

8.9

13

12

13

9.5

11

8.7

11

6.9

5.6

2.7

13

17

20

23

20

17

16

10lo

2.1

& .

si?

, +

a'o'

 " s Sj3

o w

OQ

351

381

123

180

60

62

83

67

80

49

74

33

41

31

80

157

415

261

155

179

155

144

23.5

O

ii

3

S^.

 "^ 0,6

-J50

o

1

0.0

.0

.0

.0

II

«

230

221

115

142

.01 76

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

68.4

6Tr.

.0

11.9

106

155

144

131

140

106

102

"3

£

f- ^

a>6 -Sen

03 ^^ 9

S?"3

«3

136

149

72

95

57

""63

74

61

67

42

56

86 32

92 43

100 34

18l| 72

196

181

195

189

184

157

148

-----

103

211

212

153

117

98

93

15.2

<D

0

 Ox

«5,

1J3

2

1.8

Ti.

.5

.4

1.5

2.4

3.8

3.4

1.2

1.5

1.2

2.0

3.6

6.3

1.8

2.8

1.1

1.5

4.4

1.3

.3

.2

9 £it n\J

.3

2- 

'Sa

o

S

0

535

568

186

276

80

87

107

""82

103

65

102

37

40

34

87

213

610

347

181

265

262

203

 g

 3

D9 >

^1

03 ""

O

^

1,285

1,339

519

752

304

451

433

460

366

412

287

377

279

305

271

a

.5?

*^ .

a? "a?

f-j

>3

_fl _

3.5

3.6

5.2

8.0

10.4

15.2

8.6

8.1

9.5

6.8

7.3

7.0

18.0

17.4

11.4

414 10.6

695 5. 3

1,500 5.3

1,093 4.0

736

806

774

fiSfl

33.2......

5.0

2.8

3.3

.....

a Analyses November 1, 1906, to January 31, 1907, by W. M. Barr; February 2 to 20, 1907, by Henry S. 

Spaulding; February 21 to September 8, 1907, by Walton Van Winkle; September 9 to Octo*>er 24, 1907, 

by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Coflins.

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOg in the average.

c FeaO3.

8464 IKR 236 09 1 .
50 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Brazos River near Waco, Tex.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Dec. 14

Dec. 26

Jan. 6

Jan. 16

Jan. 27

Feb. 7

Feb. 17

Feb. 27

Mar. 11

Mar. 21

Mar. 31

Apr. 11

Apr. 22

May 2

May 13

May 23

June 2

June 12

June 22

July 2

July 12

July 24

Aug. 3

Aug. 13

Aug. 23

Sept. 2

Sept. 11

Sept. 21

Oct. 1

Nov. 11

To 

Dec. 25

Jan. 5

Jan. 15

Jan. 25

Feb. 6

Feb. 16

Feb. 26

Mar. 10

Mar. 20

Mar. 30

Apr. 9

Apr. 21

May 1

May 11

May 22

June 1

June 11

June 21

July 1

July 11

July 22

Aug. 2

Aug. 12

Aug. 22

Sept. 1

Sept. 10

Sept. 20

Sept. 30

Oct. 10

Nov. 19

Mean............

Per ct. of anhydrous residue. .

 3 'S

=

EH

675

110

30

30

10

10

20

20

45

40

30

75

20

3,100

6,100

4,000

6,800

2,100

6,400

2,000

5,400

1,650

262

300

10

5

8

18

2,200

2,400

1,462

1

0

g

co

669

39

28

43

9.6

18

,

1<H"3

-s 

a s> <B rt '3

o

0

0.99

.35

.93

1.44

.96

1.80

25 '1.25

18

31

48

13

48

21

1,935

4,432

3,400

4,936

1,826

5,350

1,231

4,482

1,090

250

194

22

29

23

2,270

1,980

1,188

.90

.69

1.20

.43

.64

1.05

.62

.73

.85

.72

.87

.83

.62

.83

.66

.95

.65

2.20

3.62

1.28

1.03

.83

1.03

-----

X,

O

03

53

23

15

12

12

14

16

11

12

12

14

11

15

12

65

60

11

19

9.6

31

26

20

16

27

26

23

18

59

31

21

29

22

2.0

a

Tr.

0.5

.5

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.05

.03

.05

.05

.10

.20

.02

.9

1.1

.02

.15

.02

.5

.6

.07

.16

.01

.09

.09

.10

.7

.26

.8

.9

.26

c.O

'*'

a

.2

'cs 

O

113

126

102

107

129

103

131

77

86

93

81

88

70

71

70

60

104

131

218

105

136

99

149

194

178

182

150

162

118

206

121

11.1

X>

£?a"

.2

! 

14

20

18

20

27

24

30

19

21

20

19

22

22

19

7.8

6.3

13

16

26

13

23

16

21

26

27

28

20

15

13

7.8

19

1.7

,

03 

®M

 S*-!"

Ito'w

OQ

247

313

190

258

373

265

376

257

193

267

182

184

163

94

82

69

182

346

155

201

108

215

344

308

326

300

306

181

314

234

21.4

S

-3

2 .

-SO 

eao 0^

03

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

66.2

63.6

63.6

66.0

.0

7.1

,

 3

HX,

«o

sarbonat 

(HC cle 

3

159

198

197

182

195

204

190

242

190

196

166

171

163

149

140

118

127

110

119

 136

123

127

133

134

147

164

129

140

146

98

158

-----

0

3

2 .

ll

1

222

241

181

231

266

197

276

222

175

242

188

216

202

139

90

84

193

320

555

260

390

212

324

494

450

451

377

402

247

523

279

25.5

0

rt -

o

13 ^

P

1

1.7

1.8

3.5

1.7

.8

1.1

4.4

1.7

.7

Tr.

Tr.

4.2

1.1

3.2

4.2

5.6

4.1

5.1

1.5

2.2

6.0

2.6

.5

.4

.4T-.

2.2

.2

G 

'g8

6

382

533

315

392

575

354

<o

"o

JU

o

EH

1,113

1,430

952

1,128

1,513

1,114

564 11,532

293

283

322

253

253

228

124

121

119

297

533

201

270

133

295

470

451

468

418

427

253

482

338

31.0

1,004

890

1,068

808

892

826

648

547

420

908

1,077

1,848

848

1, 161

696

1,186

1,677

1,618

1,638

1,442

1,458

937

1,695

1,136

^

f

J3 .

a

C3S

4.9

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.0

3.7

3.3

2.8

2.6

4.7

6.0

7.0

6.6

4.8

6.4

4.4

7.9

4.4

4.0

3.9

3.5

3.0

2.9

3.0

5.6

5.0

a Analyses December 14,1906, to February 6,1907, by W. M. Barr; February 7 to February 26,1907, by 

H. S. Spauiding; February 27 to September 10,1907, by Walton Van Winkle; September 11 to November 

19,1907, by E. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOa in the average.

c FeaOa.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 51

Mineral analyses of water from Cahaba River near Birmingham, Ala.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Nov. 1

Nov. 12

Nov. 22

Dee. 3

Dee. 24

Jan. 8

Jan. 20

Feb. 1

Feb. 12

Feb. 24

Mar. 6

Mar. 16

Mar. 26

Apr. 5

Apr. 15

Apr. 25

May 5

May 15

May 25

June 4

June 14

June 25

July 9

July 20

Aug. 1

Aug. 12

Aug. 22

Sept. 29

Oct. 10

Oct. 23

Mean

To 

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 1

Dee. 13

Jan. 2

Jan. 19

Jan. 31

Feb. 11

Feb. 23

Mar. 5

Mar. 15

Mar. 25

Apr. 4

Apr. 14

Apr. 24

May i 2

May 14

May §4

June 3

June 13

June 24

July 8

July 19

July 31

Aug. 11

Aug. 21

Sept. 5

Oct. 9

Oct. 22

Nov. 1

Per et. of anhydrous residue

. -t £

2

3EH

50

20

55

rjc

100

15

15

35

5

18

25

10

10

25

90

265

100

35

130

10

20

20

15

8

7

5

5

35

8

6

40

.§

1

 0

rS£*

ft

3

03

16

7.2

36

41

74

9.6

12

15

3.6

15

20

7.0

7.6

23

82

260

75

29

119

10

15

2.0

4.0

9.0

8.4

9.0

5.6

27

12

7.4

32

i 

"o .

£2 a? 2 a

u

o

O

0.32

.36

.65

.55

.74

.64

.80

.43

.72

.83

.80

.70

.76

.92

.91

.98

.75

.83

.92

1.00

.75

.10

.27

1.12

1.20

1.80

1.12

.77

1.50

1.20

.81

fe. "a

£j

i

o

EH

"tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

1.0

.5

Tr.

0

CQ"g

;=!

03

20

20

21

OQ

20

14

16

23

8.6

12

13

10

16

23

14

19

14

15

13

22

18

21

19

19

11

12

15

is

10

16

20.4

^i.

tS

a

o

M 1 1

0.20

.30

.40

.5

.40

.20

.6

.40

.20

.20

.30

.30

.30

.30

1.4

1.9

1.2

.40

.8

.40

.6

.5

.30

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.8

.22

Tr.

.44

d.8

'3

o,

9

3 '3

03

o

14

14

12

12

8.8

9.9

10

6.4

13

11

12

14

15

18

10

9.0

7.1

8.5

8.9

8.3

11

15

16

22

"26"

23

14

16

13

16.6

"So

I

1

03

^

1.6

2.4

3.6

0.8

1.2

1.2

Tr.

1.2

1.6

1.2

2.8

1.6

0.8

1.2

3.0

3.6

2.9

3.6

4.0

3.6

3.8

4.7

4.1

4.0

2.9

2.7

3.0

3.0

2.5

3.2

,

is s '

3§f-s

03

.....

.....

' "s.'s

6.0

7.4

5.7

6.3

6.0

11

10

8.7

12

12

11

10

12

9.1

11.6

S

!§

So

r03

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

"4.8

cTr.

cTr.

.0

.0

32.7

.A

!§iso£-i "8.3 OS'3

.s

«

46

46

49

51

29

34

49

24

41

34

41

46

54

58

37

32

44

41

42

53

60

76

74

84

55

78

80

70

60

57

52

0

!§

oO

S1 "3

02

" "s.'e

4.9

5.6

4.6

6.9

9.5

10

11

9.5

10

9.S

12

12

13

8.8

11.2

0

o

03^

nO

(0^ "§""

s

0.9

.8

.9

.7

.8

.9

.4

.6

.2

.5

.3

.4

.3

.3

2

. 1

.7

.6

.3

.3

.6

.8

.2

1.0

1.2

.8

1.2

.8

.5

.3

.6

.7

5

§

13

5

3.0

1.5

1.8

1.5

2.5

3.4

2.7

1.8

1.5

1.5

2.5

2.0

1.5

3.0

2.5

1.0

2.0

2.5

2.5

3.0

3.0

2.0

3.0

2.4

3.0

2.2

3.8

.6

1.4

2.4

2.2

2.8

 0

.23 crt O'g

, o

03 M

O

6-1

78

72

70

74

73

66

72

44

53

49

59

59

75

92

52

50

62

68

66

78

87

99

96

107

88

99

108

127

80

86

76

....

+;

1

ItaJa""

a>

^

2.2

4.5

4.2

3.6

8.8

4.8

5.2

14.3

4.2

11.6

5.6

3.7

2.9

4.0

11.1

8.4

9.0

12.2

8.0

4.1

3.3

2.7

2.4

2.7

2.1

2.2

1.6

2.1

1.6

1.4

o Analyses November 1,1906, to May 2,1907, by J. R. Evans; May 14 to July 19,1907, by V. D. Collins; 

July 31 to December 1, 1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 Gaging station near Centerville, Ala., 75 miles above. 

c Abnormal; computed as HCOg in the average. 

d Fe203 .
52 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Cape Fear River at Wilmington, N. <7.« 

' [Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 2

Oct. 10

Oct. 25

Nov. 6

Nov. 18

Nov. 28

Dec. 8

Dec. 18

Dec. 31

Jan. 10

Jan. 21

Feb. 2

Feb. 14

Feb. 28

Mar. 15

Mar. 27

Apr. 8

Apr. 19

May 1

May 13

May 25

June 8

June 24

July 6

July 19

Aug. 2

Aug. 13

Aug. 26

Sept. 6

Sept. 30

Mean

ToOct. 8

Oct. 23

Nov. 5

Nov. 17

Nov. 27

Dec. 7

Dec. 17

Dec. 30

Jan. 9

Jan. 20

Feb. 1

Feb. 13

Feb. 27

Mar. 14

Mar. 26

Apr. 6

Apr. 18

Apr. 30

May 11

May 24

June 6

June 21

July 4

July 17

Aug. 1

Aug. 12

Aug. 24

Sept. 5

Sept. 18

Oct. 9

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

£,

 3

3

BEH

11

cl6

11

12

9

11

14

19

11

17

11

19

21

29

29

27

42

32

31

<4 

&"si

a o

£> O

a

a

1

10

ol7

7.8

10

8.2

11

13

19

11

17

10

24

32

32

42

25

28

24

25

28 20

25 15

28 25

32 26

.... 43

.... 24

.... 18

20 16

20 19

75 52

15 14

73 21

i 

a<a

o

K®O a> 

.20

o

Ga> 

o

O

0.91

cl.06

.71

.83

.91

1.00

.93

1.00 i!oo

1.00

.91

1.26

1.52

1.10

1.45

.93

.67

.75

.81

.71

.60

.89

.81

"."so

.95

.69

.93

.92

~<o

&

a 

2

3

o

&

1.2

o.9'.5

.6

.5

.4

.4

.9'.8

.9

.6

1.0

1.4

1.5

2.3

1.6

2

0 

 O

1.9

1.6

1.2

1.0

1.4

1.8

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

4.0

1.4

1.3

^i.

O

S3-

|

02

10

clO

8.8

10

10

11

12

10

10

8.2

10

9.8

8.6

7.6

18

11

15

14

8.0

7.0

9.2

7.2

2.6

7.6

6.2

11

8.8

14

11

9.9

21.6

a>

fea

I-Hg

0.6

c.7

.5

.6

.5

.4

.5

.4

.54

.37

.4

.53

.61

.81

1.8

1.0

f> -1

1.7

1.1

.35

.28

.75

.65

.13

.88

.61

1.1

.77

1.8

.79

.78

d?,.4

"os

O,

H

'3"3

o

5.4

c7.2

4.8

4.6

4.4

5.0

5.6

4.6

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.8

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.4

4 ?,

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.6

4.2

4.8

6.6

5.4

6.4

5.5

6.5

5.6

8.3

5.0

10.9

"te

g

1

<B

S>

1

1.0

c7.6

1.0

1.0

.8

1.0

1.2

1.6

1.0

.6

1.0

1.0

.6

.6

.8

.8

6

1.0

1.4

1.0

.8

1.0

1.2

.6

1.8

.6

2.0

.8

1.8

1.8

1.5

3

0

* .

"°W

 Si

Si SB"

3 H

fs

02 ~63

c67

6.6

6 9

5'. 7

5.8

7.6

6

C

. O

6.9

5.3

6.8

5.6

4.8

4.9

6.4

6.9

6.8

7.7

7.9

9.0

6.1

11

6.6

9.1

12

5.7

8.5

12

7.2

15 7

1 C

S x

SO

030 9 1-"

o £L

%

0.0

c.O

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

26.1

3

HX,

a>O

ta° §w Ss

c3 O

0

2

22

"20

20

22

22

22

29

20

22

22

27

18

21

23

22

22

24

20

22

24

26

34

26

29

41

24

28

39

25

1"d

S^

sS03 ^-^

ft

02

2.6

c!2

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.8

3.3

2.5

3.1

2.3

2.8

2.3

2.5

2.8

2.6

2.8

2.6

1.6

2.0

1.6

1.6

2.0

4.0

5.4

6.9

5.8

5.1

5.3

5.6

3.2

7.0

«u

_

^X

to

1"

1

0.0

c.O

.0

.0

.0

.0

.2

Tr.

.0

Tr.

.0

1.8

Tr.

.3

.0

.4

1 0

.7f

.5

.5

.5

.5

.3

.0

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.5

Tr.

.2

.4

o

£>

.aFH 

0

1

6.0

ol30

6.2

6.5

6.0

6.2

6.1

6.5

5.8

4.6

6.1

6.0

5.0

4.6

5.8

4.6

6.1

6.0

6.6

6.2

7.0

4.8

5.4

4.8

5.4

5.0

6.6

7.0

5.8

12.6

 O

>

J2 w

T3T3

rt "o

53 "''

0

H

64

c247

65

63

59

52

61

53

56

44

52

55

45

47

65

50

62

60

52

50

58

62

48

57

56

66

61

68

75

57

I

!s««

if<v*

§o>

5.4

c4.9

4.8

3.6

4.0

2.9

4.7

7.6

5.8

4.3

4.1

8.9

10.6

13.7

11.3

6.4

10.1

12.5

10.9

6.0

10.4

10.9

9.6

5.4

4.4

4.0

6.6

5.8

6.4

3.7

o Analyses October 2 to November 27, 1906, by R. B. Dole; November 28, 1906, to April 6, 1907, by 

R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 8 to July 4, 1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July 6 to 

October 9, 1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 Gaging station near Fayetteville, N. C., 75 miles above. 

Abnormal; omitted from the average.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 53

Mineral analyses of water from Cedar River near Cedar Rapids, Iowc,a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 6

Sept. 16

Sept. 27

Oct. 7

Oct. 17

Oct. 28

Nov. 7

Nov. 17

Nov. 27

Dee. 7

Dec. 17

Dec. 27

Jan. 6

Jan. 16

Jan. 27

Feb. 6

Feb. 16

Feb. 27

Mar. 8

Mar. 20

Mar. 30

Apr. 9

Apr. 19

Apr. 29 

May 9

May 19

May 29

June 9

June 19

June 29

July 10

July 20

July 30

Aug. 9

Aug. 19

Aug. 29

Sept. 8

To 

Sept. 15

Sept. 25

Oct. 6

Oct. 16

Oct. 27

Nov. 6

Nov. 16

Nov. 26

Dec. 6

Dec. 16

Dec. 26

Jan. 5

Jan. 15

Jan. 26

Feb. 5

Feb. 15

Feb. 26

Mar. 7

Mar. 19

Mar. 29

Apr. 8

Apr. 18

Apr. 28

May 8 

May 18

May 28

June 8

June 18

June 28

July 9

July 19

July 29

Aug. 8

Aug. 18

Aug. 28

Sept. 7

Sept. 17

Mean ...........

Per ct. of anhydrous residue. .

 3 S3

^

80

60

50

20

15

20

10

20

25

15

5.0

80

20

75

5.0

80

30

70

65

30

135

30

10

10 

10

95

55

140

80

235

390

105

65

140

50

50

10

64

Jj "a

a d 

 S

g 

a

1

51

59

20

26

29

16

8.4

17

20

13

2.8

56

22

71

4.0

68

35

69

54

37

84

25

Tr.

Tr 

Tr

98

57

174

124

214

356

108

58

154

62

53

Tr.

61

-----

i S

*o .

CJ <S

 3

O

O

0.64

 .98

.40

1.30

1.94

.80

.84

.85

.80

.87

.56

.70

1.10

.95

.80

.85

1.17

.99

.83

1.24

.62

.83

1.03

1.04

1.24

1.55

.91

.91

1.03

.89

1.10

1.24

1.06

.97

^

6 3

1s

33

20

25

26

23

26

27

17

15

17

21

13

12

9.2

15

11

6.4

4.6

9.8

14

12

15

11

3.0

3.0 

4.0

5.8

11

14

10

15

20

14

15

20

10

20

13

14

6.1

*S

£.

0

ft

O.'.IC

.10

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.05

.04

.10

.10

.20

.08

Tr.

.05

.05

.10

.25

.18

.15

Tr.

.03

.05

.05 

.01

.18

.02

.02

.05

.15

.48

.05

.01

.20

.05

.15

.18

.09

c.l

I

2"3

o

29

32

48

55

52

58

60

64

51

62

64

51

47

42

61

58

24

26

32

37

41

53

51 

48

43 "

47

48

49

38

43

55

40

42

51

57

48

20.9

'bo

a

3.I'

1

18

16

21

19

20

19

20

20

22

26

17

17

13

19

15

6.6

9.6

12

9.4

14

16

19

20 

21

17

16

14

13

11

11

13

15

13

14

14

18

16

7.0

jlx.

1+

Sfc is1-a

ta

14

8.7

15

20

11

14

16

15

17

16

13

9.7

13

14

11

14

.12

16

9.9

8.1

8.6 

11

9.8

8.8

7.0

9.8

15

6.4

12

15

8.6

9.1

11

10

12

5.2

%

ix

go

CSQ

IT

o

64.8

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.c

If!o

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

448

1

f j

p 8 a

03 0

o

3

153

149

217

246

229

255

263

262

240

273

309

207

175

167

258

221

87

"149

175

213

210

230

204

207

179

209

201

145

189

234

166

198

201

253

209

S "3

 3

0,0 Soo a"^

"3

ta

24

27

23

28

29

29

28

33

33

37

40

29

31

46

21

35

21

26

29

34

46

35 

33

32

"29"

28

22

22

22

27

22

23

29

31

on ou

13.0

HI

O

*i

I""

.-s

^

0.0

2.4

3.3

4.4

.4

1.8

2.2

2.6

.9

4.4

4.8

4.4

5.2

3.6

5.2

5.2

5.8

4.6

3.8

2.6

2.8

2.6

.6

Tr. 

.5

3.0

2.2

4.8

4.2

8.0

3.1

2.8

4.4

2.2

2.3

1.6

1.9

3.1

1.4

a

ad 

1

a

o

4.3

3.0

4.0

3.2

3.3

4.6

3.5

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.0

3.1

2.5

2.3

3.9

4.8

2.2

2.2

8.8

2.7

2.3

2.7

3.9

3.8 

3.4

4.2

3.4

1.9

2.6

2.9

2. 5

40

2.8

3.3

2.5

3.8

3.4

1.5

 o

CB ! 

 32

03 

0

^

171

203

236

269

248

277

285

281

258

309

311

228

193

193

260

242

119

151

178

175

203

246

250

241

241

225

230

215

244

230

179

207

248

192

213

228

253

228

iSx

t

Qj 

a

§HI

3

3.5

41

4.1

3.4

3.3

3.7

3.5

3.6

4.0

3.7

4.3

4.2

4.4

49 4.5

4.2

5.7

5.3

47

4.6

4.7

4.0

3.6

3.6 

3.3

3.4

3.7

5.4

5.0

45

6.3

6.4

4.8

5.2

4.5

46

3.8

....

a Analyses September 6, 1906, to February 15, 1907, by W. M. Barr; February 16 to 26, 1907, by H. S. 

Spaulding; February 27 to September 17,1907, by Walton Van Winkle. > 6 Abnormal; computed as HCOa in the average. 

e FesOa.
54 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Chatlahoochee River at West Point, Ga.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 20 

Oct. 30 

Nov. 9 

Nov. 19 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 21 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 12 

Jan. 22 

Feb. 1 

Feb. 11 

Feb. 27 

Mar. 9 

Mar. 19 

Mar. 29 

Apr. 8 

Apr. 18 

Apr. 28 

May 8 

May 19 

May 29 

June 8 

June 18 

June 28 

July 9 

July 19 

July 29 

Aug. 8 

Aug. 18 

Aug. 28 

Sept. 17 

Sept. 27 

Oct. 9

Mean

To 

Oct. 29

Nov. 8 

Nov. 18 

Nov. 29 

Dec. 9 

Dec. 19 

Jan. 1 

Jb,n. 11 

Jan. 21 

Jan. 31 

Feb. 10 

Feb. 26 

Mar. 8 

Mar. 18 

Mar. 28 

Apr. 7 

Apr. 17 

Apr. 27. 

May 7 

May 18 

May 28 

June 7 

June 17 

June 27 

July 7 

July 18 

July 28 

Aug. 7 

Aug. 17 

Aug. 27 

Sept. 6 

Sept. 26 

Oct. 8 

Oct. 18

Per ct. of anhydrous residue. .

Turbidity.

85 

45 

65 

70 

60 

55 

130 

85

15 

220 

55 

260 

290 

30 

285 

190 

185 

185 

350 

115 

260 

130 

120 

340 

450 

325 

375 

400 

375 

225 

155 

185 

140

185

Suspended matter.

50 

25 

37 

24 

37 

34 

96 

65 

14 

9.0 

169 

42 

205 

166 

26 

264 

220 

175 

165 

279 

76 

166 

91 

81 

246 

448 

214 

289 

220 

242 

121 

129 

100 

98

136

Coefficient offineness.

0.59 

.56 

.57 

.34 

.62 

.62 

.74 

.76 

.56 

.60 

.77 

.76 

.79 

.57 

.87 

.92 

1.16 

.95 

.89 

.80 

.66 

64 

.70 

.67 

.72 

1.00 

.66 

.77 

.55 

.64 

.54 

.83 

.54 

.70

.71

Total iron(Fe).

16 

7.9 

10 

2.4 

5.8 

13 

35 

12 

21 

10 

6.6 

3.7 

5.2 

12 

4.4

......

(SiO Silica ).2

16 

30 

20 

26 

30 

32 

32 

24 

17 

24 

33 

18 

25 

24 

11 

28 

27 

18 

16 

22 

23 

14 

16 

11 

12 

9.0 

13 

12 

14 

15 

17 

12 

18 

8.9

20 

38.0

Iron (Fe).

1.0 

.6 

.20 

.7 

.8 

.5 

.9 

.7 

.10 

.30 

1.2 

.9 

1.3 

.9 

1.0 

1.4 

1.1 

1.0 

1.3 

.03 

.03 

.03 

.03 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.03 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr.

.47 

cl.3

o 

la

ca 

O

6.6 

3.6 

5.7 

6.8 

6.0 

6.4 

3.9 

2.3 

4.7 

7.4 

3.6 

4.8 

4.4 

5.6 

6.4 

6.8 

2.0 

2.5 

3.5 

4.9 

5.2 

3.0 

3.2 

5.1 

4.9 

4.3 

4.0 

6.0 

3.2 

4.2 

4.9 

5.1 

4.9 

5.7

4.8 

9.1

"tS

a, 

1

1.2 

.8 

Tr. 

1.6 

2.8 

2.4 

Tr. 

.8 

.8 

1.6 

1.6 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.8 

1.1 

1.9 

.6 

1.1 

1.2 

.7 

.9 

1.1 

1.3 

1.0 

.6

.4 

1.0

.8 

1.6

Sodium andpotassium (Na+K).

-----

.....

"S.8 

9.2 

10 

7.2 

6.7 

7.0 

7.6 

8.1 

9.4 

7.9 

6.3 

6.5 

6.6 

9.0 

5.8

7.7 

14.6

Carbonate radicle 

(C0 ).3

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

,0

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

68.4 

68.4 

.0 

63.6 

.0 

6Tr. 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

21.5

Bicarbonate radicle tHCOs).

24 

19 

22 

27 

24 

29 

15

17 

29

15 

15 

20 

22 

22 

9.8 

9.8 

12 

13 

21 

26 

21 

16 

27 

28 

24 

37 

24 

28 

27 

27 

29 

27

23

Sulphate radicle I :;1(so<). ::::::: 

4.8 

5.0 

4.0 

3.5 

7.6 

4.0 

3.0 

3.8 

6.6 

4.0 

4.2 

4.8 

4.3 

4.1 

' 3.5

4.5 

8.5

Nitrate radicle 

(N0 ).3

0.0 

.4 

.4 

.6 

.7 

.4 

.7 

.8 

.8 

.5 

.4 

.3 

.3 

.4 

.2 

.4 

1.6 

1.3 

1.1 

.9 

.9 

1.2 

.0 

.7 

1.1 

1.0 

1.1 

1.2 

1.1 

1.1 

1.0 

.7 

1.0 

.6

.7 

1.4

Chlorine (Cl).

2.0 

2.5 

1.5 

3.0 

2.8 

3.0 

1.5 

2.5 

3.5 

3.5 

1.8

2^5 

2.5 

3.0 

1.5 

2.0 

1.5

"L3 

1.7 

1.0 

1.7 

2.0 

1.2 

1.2 

4.8 

1.8 

2.0 

1.8 

1.3 

1.8 

1.7

2,1 

4.0

J;

" 'o 

o

50 

60 

54 

71 

77 

81 

60 

55 

59 

59 

53 

56 

53 

53 

40 

59 

40 

33 

34 

57 

65 

47 

45 

42 

45 

36 

40 

63 

47 

48 

60 

46 

54 

42

52

3so

I

4.2 

3.4 

3.5 

4.1 

3.3 

4.1 

4.8 

5.3 

3.7 

3.5 

7.2 

3.8 

7.7 

3.8 

3.6 

3.5 

3.7 

5.9 

4.6 

5.1 

3.6 

3.7 

3.1 

2.8 

3.2 

3.0 

2.6 

2.7 

2.6 

2.6 

2.0 

2.6 

2.5 

2.1

<* Analyses October 20,1906, to May 7, 1907, by Jas. R. Evans; May 8 to October 18,1907, by R. B. Dole, 

Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

b Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average. 

e FeaO3.
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 55

Mineral analyses of water from Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 14 

Sept. 24 

Oct. 4 

Oct. 14 

Oct. 24 

Nov. 3 

Nov. 13 

Nov^ 23 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 14 

Dec. 26 

Jan. 5 

Jan. 18 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 8 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 1 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 21 

Apr. 1 

Apr. 11 

Apr. 21 

May 1 

May 13 

May 23 

June 2 

June 12 

June 22 

July 3 

July 13 

July 23 

Aug. 3 

Aug. 14 

Aug. 24 

Sept. 3

Mean

To 

Sept. 23 

Oct. 3 

Oct. 13 

Oct. 23 

Nov. 2 

Nov. 12 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 2 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 25 

Jan. 4 

Jan. 17 

Jan. 27 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 18 

Feb. J28 

Mar. 10 

Mar. 20 

Mar. 31 

Apr. 10 

Apr. 20 

Apr. 30 

May 12 

May 22 

June 1 

June 11 

June 21 

July 1 

July 12 

July 22 

Aug.. 2 

Aug. 13 

Aug. 23 

Sept. 2 

Sept. 12

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

£ 

g

1

H

5 

10 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

15 

10 

5 

5 

5 

10 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

20 

10 

5 

Tr. 

Tr. 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

10 

5 

7 

5 

20 

5 

5

7.0

%

e T> 8 

§

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

4.8 

9.6 

«4.8 

Tr. 

6.4 

4.8 

2.8 

Tr. 

Tr. 

6.4 

Tr. 

4.0 

Tr. 

Tr. 

3.2 

34 

10 

7.6 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

9.2 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

22 

Tr. 

Tr.

3.7

1"o .

.Is Io

6." 96' 

1.92 

.96

'."43

.48 

.56

".'64'

'.'so" 

'.'ei"

1.70 

1.00 

1.52

"."92"

i.'io"

.97

0

33

1 33

24 

11 

5.8 

16 

15 

12 

12 

16 

17 

15 

15 

10 

12 

15 

15 

15 

18 

12 

4.6 

6.8 

6.8 

12 

9.6

7.4

7.0 

5.8 

5.2 

10 

9.8 

10 

12 

14 

13 

11 

14

12 

15.5

"3"

fH 

|

0.20 

.30 

.20 

.15 

.15 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.40 

.30 

.25 

.25 

.40 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.6 

.30 

.37 

.19 

.15 

.18 

.?4

18

.19 

.16 

.25 

.18 

.20 

.30 

.21 

.15 

.19 

.09 

.12

.22 

6.4

1 

I

11

12 

12 

13 

10 

16 

12 

10 

12 

14 

14 

16 

15 

17 

17 

17 

19 

14

6.2 

11 

9.8

8.2

7.0 

10 

10 

15 

13 

14 

17 

16 

16 

13 

16

13 

16.8

"So 

S

I

1 

1

3.7 

4.0 

5.1 

6.3 

5.2 

5.2 

4.2

"iY 

4.9

5.7 

5.3 

5.8 

4.8 

8.5 

4.1 

6.6

'¥.8 

3.7 

2.4 

3.7 

5.2 

2,3

2.4 

3.0 

4.3

"i'i"

"e'g"

"5.'2" 

6.1

4.7 

6.1

if' §!

02

8.4 

7.1 

9.4 

7.0 

8.1 

8.6

7.5 

9.2 

10 

7.3

13 

5.6 

11 

8.7 

7.6 

9.1 

5.4 

5.2 

8.5 

4.6 

4.4

4.9 

4.3 

5.9 

9.5 

7.6 

7.3 

10 

8.6 

11 

13 

11

8.1 

10.5

«."§

M .

So

oJO

o

*o

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

30.5

»ois

fis g°

3

45 

44 

45 

59 

39 

41 

33 

39 

40 

53 

36 

58 

61 

70 

66 

65 

68 

60 

25

"22" 

29 

39 

28 

28 

38 

46 

56 

45

"59" 

61 

55 

59

72

48

«

!§

M .

s§f02

12 

9.0 

14 

19 

16 

13 

14 

17 

19 

17

13 

9.9 

12 

10 

12 

15 

16 

15 

18 

14 

17 

16 

11 

9.9 

8.7 

15 

14 

15 

10 

9.9 "12""

12

15

14 

18.0

« 

o 

 O .

*o

flj?*

F g

Tr. 

1.8 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.9 

Tr. 

.2 

.8 

1.4 

1.8 

1.2 

2.1 

1.2 

1.1 

.9 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.8 

Tr. 

1.2 

1.0 

.5 

Tr. 

4.4 

Tr. 

.4 

.3

.6

.8

5

«

1

3 

o

3.2 

2.1 

1.2 

1.3 

2.9 

2.3 

1.5 

.9 

1.2 

2.0 

1.5

"2.Y 

.4 

.6 

1.6 

1.5 

2.3 

1.5 

.4 

.1 

.7 

Tr. 

.1 

2.4 

Tr. 

.2 

.8 

.2 

.3 

.3 

.3 

Tr. 

.3 

1.0

1.1 

1.4

1 

1|

0} 

+3

0

E-i

111 

98 

98 

103 

102 

109 

87 

93 

94 

101 

97 

94 

96 

109 

97 

95 

104 

100 

59 

58 

72 

73 

72 

63 

89 

68 

87 

90 

81 

84 

93 

90 

94 

88 

108

90

1

1 .

40 +^ bo <p 03 O

a

6.4 

6.1 

5.0 

4.9 

7.8 

6.8 

6.4 

6.5 

5.4 

5.2 

5.0 

4.9

"5."!

11.2 

11.2 

7.9 

7.0 

7.3 

8.7 

8.2 

6.6 

6.0 

6.0 

6.3 

5.1 

4.8 

.45 

.47 

.44 

.42

a, Analyses September 14,1906, to February 7,1907, by W. M. Barr; February 8 to February 28,1907, 

by H. S. Spaulding; March 1 to September 12,1907, by Walton Van Winkle.
56 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MEBTDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Colorado River at Austin, Texfl 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1905-6).

From 

Aug. 1 

Aug. 11 

Aug. 21 

Aug. 31 

Sept. 10 

Sept. 22 

Sept.' 30 

Oct. 10 

Oct. 20 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 20 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 20 

Dec. 30 

Jan. 9 

Jan. 19 

Jan. 29 

Feb. 8 

Feb. 18 

Feb. 28 

Mar. 10 

Mar. 20 

Mar. 30 

Apr. 9 

Apr. 19 

Apr. 29 

May 9 

May 19 

May 29 

June 8 

June 18 

June 28 

July 8 

July, 18

Per ct. 

drou

To 

Aug. 10 

Aug. 20 

Aug. 30 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 18 

Sept. 29 

Oct. 9 

Oct. 19 

Oct. 29 

Nov. 8 

Nov. 19 

Nov. 29 

Dec. 9 

Dec. 19 

Dec. 29 

Jan. 8 

Jan. 18 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 17 

Feb. 27 

Mar. 9 

Mar. 19 

Mar. 29 

Apr. 8 

Apr. 18 

Apr. 28 

May 8 

May 18 

May 28 

June 7 

June 17 

June 27 

July 7 

July 17 

July 27

of anhySuspended matter.

2,480 

28 

22 

24 

144 

124 

276 

302 

742 

148 

466 

46 

60 

26 

18 

50 

36 

0 

22 

76 

10 

38 

42 

14 

94 

114 

82 

78 

90 

600 

1,256 

844 

484 

400 

1,508 

1,882

351

(Si0 ).Silica 2

19 

23 

28 

26 

27 

25 

30 

20 

27 

21 

22 

19 

17 

14 

15 

10 

8.8 

9.0 

10 

14 

12 

9.0

8.8 

14 

11 

14 

14 

18 

14 

19 

35 

21 

17 

13 

21

18 

5.4

Oxides ofironaluminum and'FesOs+AUOa).

3.6 

4.0 

1.4 

2.8 

1.4 

2.6 

1.0 

1.8 

2.0 

2.4 

1.8 

2.4 

3.2 

1.8 

1.2 

2.0 

4.6 

2.8 

3.2 

3.4 

3.6 

1.2 

1.6 

1.8 

2.4 

2.6 

3.0 

6.4 

6.8 

3.6 

4.8 

7.0 

2.8 

4.4 

. 4.6 

4.4

3.1

.9

(Ca). Calcium 

53 

58 

53 

69 

56 

57 

73 

49 

52 

47 

54 

47 

46 

47 

47 

53 

54 

49 

48 

51 

47 

48 

48 

49 

52 

59 

48 

56 

68 

45 

57 

62 

41 

40 

45 

40

52 

15.5

i'§ 

i

7.9 

12 

15 

16 

14 

15 

15 

10 

10 

9.1 

13 

12 

15 

17 

19 

20 

21 

21 

21 

22 

22 

24 

23 

24 

21 

25 

24 

24 

24 

21 

8.7 

17 

13 

6.8 

10 

6.5

17 

5.1

Sodium (Na).

30 

42 

45 

58 

48 

103 

52 

72 

49

30 

31 

27 

32 

34 

34 

38 

35 

34 

35 

19

39 

44 

64 

53 

77 

90 

51 

36 

51 

25 

31 

11

44 

13.1

g 

I

1.8 

3.6 

5.3 

3.6 

7.5 

7.0 

4.3 

11 

8.3

3.6 

4.4 

1.2 

4.3 

3.8 

4.0 

3.5 

3.4 

3.6 

4.0 

4.0

3.5 

4.9 

4.4 

4.3 

4.2 

9.9 

8.9 

6.9 

9.2

5.1 

1.5

Carbonate radicle 

(C0 ).3

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

618 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

28.5

Bicarbonate radi- 

(HCO ).cle 3

177 

199 

171 

220 

212 

156 

187 

175 

161 

174 

173 

173 

197 

201 

223 

238 

238 

228 

220 

219 

214 

218 

221 

223 

239 

217 

204 

205 

180 

184 

154 

151 

166 

160 

177 

133

195

o>

1

Is a-3OQ

41 

52 

38 

39 

45 

110 

60 

34 

37 

29 

33 

34 

24 

21 

18 

26 

28 

29 

24 

29 

25 

42 

39 

35 

35 

46 

80 

89 

112 

102 

37 

30 

43 

18 

28 

14

42 

12.5

Chlorine (Cl).

34 

37 

47 

44 

53 

137 

98 

32 

40 

32 

38 

41 

49 

44 

48 

56 

53 

60 

55 

48 

51 

66 

59 

86 

56 

75 

79 

75 

113 

134 

67 

55 

57 

26 

52 

24

59 

17.5

Total dissolved 

solids.

300 

322 

316 

296 

326 

498 

432 

244 

248 

226 

252 

246 

268 

280 

294 

366 

330 

324 

298 

290 

306 

324 

320 

336 

338 

320 

402 

426 

536 

550 

294 

270 

308 

220 

268 

178

321

1 

aC"

0

a

2.5 

1.4 

.9 

.9 

1.3 

1.7 

1.4 

1.7 

1.8 

1.0 

1.9 

1.1 

1.0 

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

.9 

1.0 

.9 

1.1 

1.1 

.9 

.9 

1.2 

1.4 

1.4 

2.7 

1.4 

1.2 

2.6 

3.3 

3.7 

1.8 

2.5 

4.9 

5.3

......

o Analyses by W. H. Heileman.

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOg in the average.
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 57

Mineral analyses .of water from Cumberland River near Nashville, Tennfl 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 24 

Nov. 4 

Nov. 14 

Nov. 24 

Dec. 4 

Dec. 14 

Dec. 24 

Jan. 3 

Jan. 13 

Jan. 23 

Feb. 2 

Feb. 12 

Feb. 24 

Mar. 6 

Mar. 17 

Mar. 27 

Apr. 6 

Apr. 16 

Apr. 26 

May 6 

May 15 

May 25 

June 4 

June 14 

June 24 

July 4 

July 15 

July 26 

Aug. 5 

Aug. 15 

Aug. 25 

Sept. 5 

Sept. 25 

Oct. 14 

Oct. 25

Per ct. 

. drous

To 

Nov. 3 

Nov. 13 

Nov. 23 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 23 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 12 

Jan. 22 

Feb. 1 

Feb. 11 

Feb. 23 

Mar. 5 

Mar. 16 

Mar. 26 

Apr. 5 

Apr. 15 

Apr. 25 

May 5 

Mav 15 

May 24 

June 3 

June 13 

June 23 

July 3 

July 14 

July 25 

Aug. 4 

Aug. 14 

Aug. 24 

Sept. 3 

Sept 14 

Oct. 13 

Oct. 24 

Nov. 3

of anhyTurbidity.

75 

28 

30 

35 

50 

75 

135 

150 

60 

75 

65 

90 

180 

350 

110 

70 

135 

45 

95 

75 

85 

80 

425 

110 

245 

100 

30 

70 

195 

110 

80 

250 

4£0 

215 

45

126

Suspended matter.

58 

15 

15 

16 

37 

50 

108 

132 

41 

46 

40 

78 

156 

322 

96 

62 

130 

48 

119 

63

48 

318 

85 

140 

60

38 

185 

52 

67 

130 

224 

82 

41

94

Coemcient fine- of

ness.

a 77

.54 

.50 

.46 

.74 

.67 

.80 

.88 

.68 

.61 

.62 

.87 

.87 

.92 

.87 

.88 

.96 

1.W 

1.25 

.84

.60 

.74 

.77 

.57 

.60

.54 

.95 

.47 

.84 

.52 

.49 

.38 

.91

.74

(Fe). Total iron

.....

.....

i2"" 

6.1 

3.0

(Si0 Silica ).2

29 

26 

27 

28 

29 

28 

33 

22 

31 

20 

13 

21 

31 

31 

25 

15 

27 

9.6 

12 

11 

20 

24 

20 

17 

14 

15 

12 

13 

7.8 

5.2 

8.2 

14 

24 

28 

19

20

ia4

Iron (Fe).

4.0 

.20 

.30 

.20 

.20 

.30 

.20 

.30 

.10 

.40 

.30 

.30 

.30 

.10 

.30 

.30 

.10 

Tr. 

.20 

.20 

.30 

.20 

.8 

.35 

.24 

.25 

.25 

.12 

.03 

.20 

.20 

.45 

1.3 

1.0 

.9

.42 

c.5

Calcium (Ca).

33 

26 

24 

24 

22 

27 

27 

23 

26 

21 

26 

22 

23 

22 

24 

27 

20 

17 

18 

18 

30 "si"

22 

29 

32 

31 

32 

33 

36 

33 

26 

26 

24 

27

26 

21.3

"3

a

I03

a

a2

1.2 

1.2 

2.0 

2.8 

3.6 

2.8

ae

4.4

ae a2

3.6

4.0 

5.2 

7.6

6.4 a2

4.5 

4.1 

4.1 

4.7 

4.5 

5.8

"i-'s" 

'i.'4

3.0 

0.9

ae

2.9

Sodium andpotas- (Na+K). sium 

~5.'7" 

2.9 

7.9 

5.7 

6.0 

8.9 

11 

8.6 

13 

15 

10 

8.2 

11 

16 

14

9.6 

7.8

radicle Carbonate 

(COi).

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

&Tr. 

&Tr.

.0 

37.0

Bicarbonate radi-).cle (HC0 3

115 

90 

76 

81 

83 

85 

85 

81 

93 

78 

90 

83

78 

81 

93 

78 

76 

78 

73 

98 

110 

100 

82 

115 

113 'iis'

118 

115 

102 

95 

90 

95 

99

92

£ "o

1J-l^

sgC8 '--'"

*

3 

OQ

iff"

14 

16 

18 

16 

14 

14 

9.7 

14 

20 

14 

17 

10 

13 

12

14 

11 4

radicle Nitrate 

(NOg).

0.6 

.7 

.8 

.8 

.6 

.5 

.8 

.6 

1.0 

.6 

.4 

.3 

.4 

.5 

.4 

.5 

.2 

1.8 

1.6 

1.1 

2.7 

2.0 

4.3 

3.2 

1.9 

1.4 

.9 

1.7 

1.7 

.6 

1.6 

.8 

1.6 

1.3 

1.0

1.2 

1 0

Chlorine (CI).

2.0 

3.5

ao

2.5 

2.8

ao

1.0 

1.8 

1.7 

2.0 

2.0 

1.0 

1.2 

1.0 

2.0 

2.0 

1.5 

1.5 

2.C 'i.T

1.5 

2.4 

1.4 

1.8 

2.4 

4.F 

2.C 

3.3 

2. C 

1.5 

2. C 

1.F

ae

2.4

2.1

1 7

Total dissolved 

solids.

139 

112 

109 

106 

111 

114 

128 

110 

118 

106 

107 

97 

114 

112 

112 

107 

100 

87 

91 

88 

128 

150 

146 

121 

138 

140 

140 

122 

127 

135 

125 

128 

127 

140 

130

119

Mean height gage

(feet).

 8.8 

8.0 

18.1 

17.1 

9.5 

20.0 

21.3 

25.0 

15.1 

18.7 

14.2 

11.4 

29.8 

28.7 

22.1 

10.3 

18.7 

11.6 

10.3 

24.3 

14.0 

10.2 

16.8 

14.4 

9,3 

8.2 

8.1 

7.8 

8.0 

7.5 

7.8 

8.2 

8.8 

8.0 

7.4

o Analyses October 24,1906, to May 15,1907, by Jas. R. Evans; May 15 to September 14,1907, by Waltop 

Van Winkle; September 25 to November 3, 1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6 Abnormal, computed as HCOa in the average. 

cFe2O3.
58 SUEPACE WATEES EAST OP THE HUNDEEDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Cumberland River near Kuttavja, Ky.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1907-8).

From 

Jan. 11

Jan. 21

Feb. 3

Feb. 13

Feb. 24

Mar. 8

Mar. 18

Mar. 28

Apr. 7

Apr. 17

Apr. 27

May 6

May 17

May 27

June 6

June 17

June 29

July 9

July 19

July 30

Aug. 9

Sept. 2

Sept. 12

Sept. 22

Oct. 2

Oct. 12

Oct. 22

Nov. 1

Nov. 11

Nov. 22

Dec. 2

Dec. 12

Dec. 22

Jan. 1

To 

Jan. 20

Feb. 2

Feb. 12

Feb. 23

Mar. 7

Mar. 17

Mar. 27

Apr. 6

Apr. 16

Apr. 26

May 6

May 15

May 26

June 5

June 16

June 28

July 8

July 18

July 29

Aug. 8

Aug. 22

Sept. 11

Sept. 21

Oct. 1

Oct. 11

Oct. 21

Oct. 31

No^. 10

Nov. 21

Dec. 1

Dec. 11

Dec. 21

Dec. 31

Jan. 11

Mean............

Per ct. of anhydrou 3 residue

>>

M

3

c3

EH

45

95

70

170

320

290

180

85

35

100

95

340

130

120

490

180

80

142

20

25

200

220

350

300

220

200

150

90

270

220

170

70

260

240

176

1"03

s

 o 

®TJ

1

1

29

68

38

136

260

217

164

60

20

85

106

470

174

134

796

150

71

107

38

35

123

119

258

224

170

189

82

74

287

268

112

71

253

238

165

1

o .

fl «

£ a

o

56

8

O

0.64

.72

.54

.80

.81

.75

.91

.71

.57

.85

1.12

1.38

1.34

1.12

1.62

.83

.89

.75

1.90

1.40

.f,2

.54

.74

.75

.77

.95

.55

.82

1.06

1.22

.66

1.02

.97

.99

.92

-5-

fc

Bo

03 S

o

EH

"i'6"

1.1

6.1

6.6

12

12

10

11

6.6

a 5

12

10

3.3

2.2

7.9

8.0

X.

0

55

I

55

29

18

25

25

31

38

23

IS

10

7.6

8.4

11

17

11

17

14

16

12

17

27

24

19

26

19

16

7.4

16

9.2

12

13

17

14

15

15

1Qlo

14.6

^

cj

Bo

£

0.20

.40

.30

.10

.20

.40

.20

.10

.20 T,'.

.6

.30

.40

.R

.40

.20

.20

.07

.06

.26

.24

1.2

.9

.52

.24

.35

.11

.32

.54

.04

.04

.15

.10

.30

r.4

'o?

9.

rt

1"ol

O

27

24

24

23

22

24

22

26

27

26

25

27

31

33

25

27

31

34

34

36

35

35

28

21

29

28

31

34

31

30

22

32

34

27

28

22.8

^

g1

^ 

|

M-t

§bD

03

^

7.2

3.6

3.6

4.8

3.2

5.6

4.0

3.6

4.8

4.2

4.6

5.4

3.1

3.4

3.9

4.2

4.8

5.7

4.6

5.6

4.6

ae

4.1

4.0

4.7

5.2

4.8

3 7

a 4

2.2

4.6

3.1

4.3

3.5

"S^ §X

T> i Grf v~r'

ii"2 "«

m

8. 2

7.2

4.4 "i'6'

'9.Y

8.2

10

9.5

11

8.5

6.6

6.4

6.9

9.4

7.1

9.0

6.9

8.5

5.4

8.2

5.7

7.8

6.3

£ "3

 3

|H^

5<O

03 O

103

0

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

ae

2.4

2.4

4.8

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

7.2

Tr.

4.8

4.8

Tr.

.0

.0

.0

.0

.9

40.6

-3

2x.

«o

O

 £.3

3

ffi

110

78

85

85

80

102

83

80

80

99

118

121

101

105

126 "iii"

124

123

112

100

73

96

82

115

107

99

102 "ioe"

110

84

100

£ 

o

-3

'"X,

6

2"" a

3

M

o

"os" 

^§

^,

1

H

&

..... 0.6

..... 1.0

..... .4

..... .6

.3

..... .8

.5

..... .4

..... .9

..... 2.2

..... 2.9

7. 1 5. 0

7.2 ao

13 1.5

6. 9 1. 7

6. 7 2. 5

8. 2 1. 9

8. 1 1. 5

8.7

8.7

8.6

11

13

9.0

10

10

10

11

13

11

10

11

12

8.9

9.7

7.9

1.4

1.8

1.6

1.4

as

3.5

2.2

.8

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.4

2.3

ao

2.0

1.8

15

S~

Q

s

1

3

o

2.7

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.8

1.5

2.5

ao

1.5

2.0

4.0

1.0

4.0

4.0

2.0

as

as

4.0

3.9

4.2

3.8

5.0

3.0

4.2

3.0

ao

5.0

,4. 8

as

ao

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.2

3.0

? 4

 o

_>

°«

"^

^ ^

 3 s

EH

147 "iis"

104

108

122

108

124

96

91

94

112

131

137

122

123

137

135

136

153

152

149

145

108

125

107

133

129

128

141

105

126

137

111

124

s

1

"^y-N

g,®fe ***

a

<o

^

17.1

24.2

16.3

11.7

36.8

27.5

9.7

21.1

10.9

9.9

34.7

16,6

10.1

22.3

11.1

5.5

4.3

3.7

2.8

4.1

ao

6. 9

6.2

4.1

4.9

1.9

4.0

9.3 iao

7.5

7.2

14.8

.....

« Analyses January 11 to May 6,1907, by Jas. R. Evans; May 6 to July 18,1907, by W. D. Collins; July 19, 

1907, to January 11,1908, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer and W. D. Collins. 

6 Gaging station at Clarkesville, Tenn., 70 miles above. 

c FeaO3.
ANALYTICAL KESTJLTS. 59

Mineral analyses of water from Dan River at South Boston, Vafl 

[Parts per millon, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7.)

From 

Sept 3

Oct. 1

Oct. 12

Oct. 22

Nov. 1

Nov. 12

Nov. 22

Dee. 2

Dee. 13

Dec. 24

Jan. 3

Jan. 20

Jan. 30

Feb. 10

Feb. 20

Mar. 3

Mar. 13

Mar. 25

Apr. 4

Apr. 14

Apr. 24

To 

Sept. 13

Oct. 11

Oct. 21

Oct. 31

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 1

Dec. 12

Dec. 23

Dec. 31

Jan. 13

Jan. 29

Feb. 9

Feb. 19

Mar. 2

Mar. 12

Mar. 24

Apr. 3

Apr. 13

Apr. 23

May 2

Mean............

Per ct. of anhydrous5 residue..

>>

1

 2

1

210

260

43

31

17

230

28

21

220

350

55

110

90

175 nd

ago

47

27

225

38

98

132

1 g

g

"S

"H

P.

02

126

175

42

25

33

181

131

76

664

742

525

815

215

324

209

677

231

45

150

44

110

264

4

a

a .

o .

 §1

sa

o

§O

0.60

.67

.98

.81

1.94

.79

.47

3.62

3.00

2 12

9.54

7.41

2.39

1.85

1.90

1.78

4.90

1.67

.67

1.16

1.12

2 OK 

. oo

X.

&

a 

8

"3-fj

EH

8.9

9.8

2.4

1.4

1.0

8.4

2.0

3.5

16

24

10

9.5

6.5

11

80

9.0

5.3

1.4

10

2.3

6.5

7.5

X.

0

02

1

3

26

31

50

23

17

21

16

18

26

23

16

21

23

23

25

24

18

16

28

18

31

24

38.0

"a?

a 1

1.4

2.1

.7

.6

.07

1.3

.3

.28

2.2

1.8

.35

1.0

1.0

2.2

2.2

2.4

.33

.08

1.0

.24

1.1

1.1

<2.5

'c?

2-

g

'3

 a

o

6.0

5.2

6.0

5.2

5.2

4.8

5.6

5.4

4.4

4.6

4.8

5.6

6.2

5.4

6.0

5.8

7.8

6.8

6.0

5.6

5.6

5.6

8.9

"so

 '

|

 55

aa

2.8

1.8

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.2

1.4

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.0

1.2

.6

.8

.8

1.1

1.6

1.0

1.5

2.4

& 'oM

 §*+

i:! s^"

 3-- o 

02

4.2

7.6

8.5

7.6

5.2

5.4

6.3

49

6.8

6.0

6.2

6.5

6.2

6.5

6.6

7.7

6.8

9.5

9.4

6.3

8.2

6.8

10.7

£ 

3

2*-..

SO

§2-

o

f.

~

O

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

616

.0

.0

.0

.0

25.3

£

2x,

o>O

o^ "§ §

3

41

34

39

36

34

30

32

35

33

29

31

40

40

25

24

26

28

3.0

40

29

30

33

1'O

2X

0,0

03 v-'

a

3

02

1.3

2.5

2.6

2.3

2.8

3.3

4.3

1.6

4.3

4.3

2.8

3.1

3.5

4.1

5.8

4.0

5.3

5.1

3.6

2.5

2.8

3.4

5.4

2

0

T}^

So i~

£>

Tr.

0.8

Tr.

Tr.

.6

1.6

.6

.5

1.1

1.6

1.6

Tr.

.2

2.1

1.8

1.9

2.4

.0

3.0

1.8

1.8

1.1

1.7

3

a

1ao

2.4

2.6

3.1

2.4

3.4

2.7

2.6

3.0

3.4

2.9

3.4

41

3.6

2.9

2.5

3.1

4.1

5.3

3.1

3.4

42

3.2

5.1

Io

a

03 m

O

75

82

100

61

52

67

54

50

78

69

54

75

77

75

84

86

66

64

88

55

86

71

1

,d .

6JD03

03 0?

i

1

3.2

42

4.3

48

2.5

2.7

2.3

2.3

2.6

3.5

4.5

2.7

2.8

3.1

2.9

5.1

46

2.6

49

2.7

42

a Analyses Septembers to October 31,1906, by R. B. Dole; November 1,1906, to April3,19C7, by E. B. 

Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 4 to May 2, 1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts. 

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOs in tae average.
60 SUBFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDBEDTH MIEIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Delaware River at Lambertmlle, N. Jfl 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7.)

From 

Sept. 8 

Sept. 18 

Sept. 28 

Oct. 8 

Oct. 18 

Oct. 30 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 20 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 20 

Dec. 31 

Jan. 10 

Jan. 20 

Jan. 31 

Feb. 10 

Feb. 20 

Mar. 2 

Mar. 12 

Apr. 2 

Apr. 13 

May 4 

May 14 

May 24 

June 4 

June 14 

June 2.5 

July 5 

July 15 

July 25 

Aug. 4 

Aug. 15 

Aug. 26 

Sept. 5

Mean

To 

Sept. 17 

Sept. 26 

Oct. 7 

Oct. 17 

Oct. 29 

Nov. 9 

Nov. 19 

Nov. 29 

Dec. 9 

Dec. 19 

Dec. 30 

Jan. 9 

Jan. 19 

Jan. 30 

Feb. 9 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 1 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 22 

Apr. 12 

Apr. 22 

May 13 

May 23 

June 2 

June 13 

June 23 

July 4 

July 14 

July 24 

Aug. 3 

Aug. 13 

Aug. 25 

Sept. 4 

Sept. 12

Per ct. of anhydrous residue . .

Turbidity.

2 

13 

85 

5 

18 

6 

5 

9 

3 

5 

6 

43 

8 

8 

3 

6 

12 

7 

39 

2 

1 

7 

4 

4 

4 

4 

9 

90 

05 

15 

10 

30 

12 

12

16

Suspended matter.

15 

62 

5 

50 

6.4 

2 

9.2 

1.2 

1.4 

5.8 

78 

10 

9.2 

3.2 

8.8 

16 

7.0 

96 

5.2 

2.8 

15 

12 

12 

10 

9.0 

21 

126 

72 

41 

45 

63 

31 

11

26

Coefficient offineness.

1.15 

.73 

1.00 

2.77 

1.07 

.40 

1.02 

.40 

.28 

.97 

1.81 

1.25 

1.15 

1.06 

1.47 

1.33 

1.00 

2.46 

2.60 

2.80 

2.14 

3.00 

3.00 

2.50 

2.25 

2.33 

1.40 

1.11 

2.73 

4.50 

2.10 

.2.58 

.92

1.74

"a?

b

d 

o

3

0.1 

.3 

.1 

.8 

.1 

.1 

.2 

Tr. 

.2 

.2 

2.1 

.4 

.3 

.2 

.2 

.1 

.3 

1.9 

.3 

.2 

.3 

.5 

.4 

.5 

.3 

.4 

1.6 

1.8 

1.0 

.9 

1.2 

.7 

.6

.6

Silica (SiO ).2

22 

12 

17 

13 

16 

7.2 

8.0 

6.0 

8.0 

6.4 

7.6 

7.6 

5.8 

6.6 

7.2 

6.0

3.0

7.4 

7.2 

8.6 

11 

7.4 

5.6 

3.4 

4.8

7.2 

11 

4.8 

11 

13

9.0 

13.1

Iron (Fe).

0.20 

Tr. 

.20 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.06 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.12 

.11 

.14 

.11 

.09 

.14 

.04 

.06 

.06 

.05 

.09 

.09 

.05 

.07 

.11 

.10 

.11 

.09 

.05 

.13 

.04 

.04 

.04 

.06 

.03

.07

Calcium (Ca).

14 

16 

15 

16 

12 

10 

10 

7.8 

9.4 

9.2 

10 

9.0 

9.0 

9.5 

10 

12 

12 

13 

8.4 

8.9 

9.4 

9.7 

10 

10 

9.1 

11 

12 

14 

16 

16 

17 

19 

19 

17

12 

17.5

Magnesium (Mg).

4.4 

5.2 

3.8 

3.2 

1.6 

1.8 

2.4 

1.0 

2.2 

3.4 

3.6 

3.0 

3.2 

3.4 

4.0 

4.2 

4.0 

4.6 

2.6 

2.9 

1.9 

3.5 

3.0 

3.7 

3.3 

3.8 

4.0 

5.0

3.3

4.8

Sodium andpotassium (Na+K).

5.7 

6.9 

5.7 

5.5 

5.2 

5.7 

5.4 

4.9

3! 6 

3.9 

3.0 

3.8 

3.3 

5.8 

6.6

"5." 7" 

3.8 

4.4 

5.0 

6.3 

5.7

"3.8 

5.4

8.8 

6.9 

6.6 

7.9

9.1

5.4 

7.9

Carbonate radicle 

(C0 ).3

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

64.3 

.0 

.O 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

33.2

Bicarbonate radicle (HCO ).3

59 

63 

61 

52 

38 

37 

36 

28 

35

"37"

:*:

41 

35

"32"

41 

41 

43 

30 

43 

44

"52" 

61 

66 

72 

66

46

Sulphate radicle 

iS0 ).4

9.9 

13 

17 

15 

12 

10 

14 

9.2 

11 

9.2 

11

9.6 

11 

11 

13 

11

14 

11 

9.9 

9.6 

9.2 

9.7 

9.7 

10 

10 

12 

16 

15 

16 

18 

18 

19 

17

12

17.5

Nitrate radicle 

(NOg).

or. s

.5 

.5 

.6 

.5 

.8 

.7 

.8 

.8 

1.6 

2.0 

1.4 

1.6 

1.8 

1.6 

1.9 

5

2.1 

1.1 

1.5 

1.0 

.6 

1.0 

.7 

.7 

.6 

1.4 

Tr. 

1.5 

1.1 

1.1 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5

1.1

1.6

Chlorine (Cl).

2.6 

3.1 

2.8 

3.2 

2.8 

2.6 

2.6 

1.8 

1.9 

2.6 

2.9 

2.4, 

2. A 

2.4, 

2.9 

2.6 

2.6

2.9 

2.6 

2.6 

2.2 

2.2 

2.6 

2.5 

2.6 

3.2 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

4.0 

4.0 

5.4 

4.8 

3.6

2.9 

4.2

Total dissolved 

solids.

94 

87 

94 

85 

75 

58 

61 

46 

55 

51 

58 

50 

47 

51 

57 

65 

76

77 

49 

50 

52 

59 

66 

62 

52 

58 

66 

101 

85 

83 

94 

94 

109 

101.

70

1

03 3> s*S.

2.80 

2.64 

3.17 

3.16 

4.67 

4.74 

4.39 

5.64 

4.62 

4.92 

4.80 

7.12 

5.98 

5.39 

4.66

3.75 

7.19 

5.20 

4.89 

4.94 

3.34 

4.21 

4.79 

3.88 

4.10 

3.73 

3.52 

2.57 

2.29 

2.32 

2.83 

4.02

a Analyses September 8 to December 9, 1906, by R. B. Dole; December 10, 1906, to March 22, 1907, by 

B. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 2 to July 4, 1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July 5 to 

September 12, 1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

o Abnormal; computed as HCOg in the average.

e FegOg.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 61

Mineral analyses of water from Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 10 

Sept. 20 

Sept. 30 

Oct. 10 

Oct. 20 

Oct. 30 

Nov. 9 

Nov. 19 

Nov. 29 

Dec. 9 

Dec. 19 

Dec. 29 

Jan. 8 

Jan. 18 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 10 

Feb. W 

Mar. 2 

Mar. 13 

Mar. 23 

Apr. 2 

Apr. 12 

Apr. 22 

May 2 

May 12 

May 22 

Juno 1 

June 11 

June 21 

July 1 

July 11 

July 21 

July 31 

Aug. 11 

Aug. 21 

Aug. 31

Per ct. 

drous

ToSept. 19 

Sept. 29 

Oct. 9 

Oct. 19 

Oct. 29 

Nov. 8 

Nov. 18 

Nov. 28 

Doc. 8 

Dec. 18 

Dec. 28 

Jan. 7 

Jan. 17 

Jan. 27 

Fob. 8 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 1 

Mar. 12 

Mar. 22 

Mar. 31 

Apr. 11 

Apr. 21 

May 1 

May 11 

May 21 

May 31 

Juno 10 

June 20 

June 30 

July 10 

July 20 

July 30 

Aug. 9 

Aug. 20 

Aug. 30 

Sept. 9

of anhyTurbidity.

275 

425 

150 

65 

20 

115 

50 

60 

85 

30 

5 

525 

135 

235 

40 

220 

95 

660 

950 

450 

300 

75 

35 

20 

80 

1,740 

1,750 

1,400 

1,200 

1,300 

1,670 

1,100 

830 

2,400 

550 

500

542

Suspended matter.

216 

514 

132 

46 

24 

132 

63 

55 

72 

24 

Tr. 

460 

116 

211 

23 

182 

94 

752 

1,063 

566 

287 

99 

66

106 

1,667 

2,113 

2,033 

1,328 

2,035 

1,939 

1,268 

910 

2,591 

456 

844

642

CoefiQcient offineness.

0.78 

1.21 

.88 

.71 

1.20 

1.15 

1.26 

.92 

.85 

.80 

(?) 

.88 

.86 

.90 

.57 

.83 

.99 

1.16 

1.12 

1.26 

.96 

1.32 

1.89

1.32 

.96 

1.21 

1.45 

1.11 

1.56 

1.16 

1.15 

1.10 

1.08 

.83 

1.69

1.09

Silica (SiO ).2

35 

23 

23 

32 

31 

23 

22 

17 

26 

27 

18 

34 

20 

29 

18 

23 

14 

20 

23 

18 

18 

15 

19 

11 

5.2 

30 

18 

26 

21 

24 

33 

17 

33 

31 

9.2

22 

7.2

Iron (Fe).

Tr. 

.10 

.10 

.10 

Tr. 

.05 

.05 

.05 

.15 

.05 

.10

~.~9 

1.2

.45 

.5 

.35 

1.0 

.9 

.6 

.5 

.10 

.05 

.15 

.05 

1.0 

.5 

.8 

.16 

.6 

.8 

.16 

.12 

.6 

.04 

.18

.36 

6.2

Calcium (Ca).

50 

47 

58 

68 

70 

64 

71 

80 

74 

83 

100 

61 

50 

30 

48 

65 

40 

41 

43 

45 

55 

67 

66 

71 

57 

53 

51

60"" 

55

42"

62 

47 

64 

49

58 

19.0

Magnesium (Mg).

21 

12

34'" 

30 

25 

28 

28 

27 

28 

38 

22 

17 

10 

17 

23 

13 

14 

15 

16 

19 

24 

30 

24 

27 

19 

16 

17 

19 

20

14" 

21 

13 

22 

16

21 

6.9

Sodium andpotas- sium (Na+K).

27 

20 

14 

17 

31 

20 

19 

28 

22 

18 

27 

18 

13 

11 

16 

18 

16 

12 

22 

18 

13 

17 

20 

20 

19 

13 

12 

10 

12 

15 

13 

8.4 

7.1 

19 23 ' 

20

17 

5.6

Carbonate radicle 

(CO ).S

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

35.0

Bicarbonate radi- 

(HCO cle ).S

233 

188 

233

......

272 

310 

315

412 

220 

167 

99 

168 

231 

134 

129

175 

218 

266 

274 

260 

238 

175 

154

218 

214 

155 

185 

249 

175 

243 

165

216

.2 |3

4)0 

-£02 03 '

a 

f

02

51 

40 

49

92 

65

90 

91 

96 

107 

83 

61 

52 

69 

104 

61 

60 

79 

64 

62 

76 

89 

105 

94 

82 

74 

67 

62 

69 

44 

35 

52 

51 

71

71 

23.4

Nitrate radicle

(NO ).S

2.2 

2.5 

2.2 

1.8 

.6 

3.1 

1.3 

1.8 

2.0 

3.5 

2.6 

2.6 

4.4 

3.9 

1.4 

2.2 

5.1 

7.5 

7.3 

42 

2.6 

4.0 

.5 

Tr. 

1.1 

3.4 

6.3 9.5- 

2.8 

3.3 

6.2 

1.9 

5.0 

7.1 

2.0 

2.2

3.3 

1.1

Chlorine (Cl).

4.5 

4.8 

4.8 

6.1 

8.1 

5.4 

3.5 

5.1 

5.3 

5.5 

8.1 

46 

6.5 

4.0 

6.5 

8.5 

4.7 

5.3 

3.8 

3.3 

3.5 

3.9 

6.2 

8.8 

9.6 

3.7 

2.8 

2.5 

2.1 

46 

2.5 

1.2 

1.8 

2.8 

5.0 

3.4

4.8 

1.6

Total dissolved 

solids.

-303 

256 

294 

368 

396 

336 

361 

399 

407 

431 

492 

345 

259 

207 

261 

346 

214 

245 

258 

258 

288 

339 

386 

383 

335 

316 

275 

303 

299 

2% 

231 

212 

310 

259 

327 

251

312

o Analyses September 10,1906, to February 19,1907, by W. M. Barr; February 20 to March 1,1907- by 

H. S. Spauldmg; March 2 to September 9,1907, by Walton Van Winkle. 

& FeaOs.
62 SURFACE WATEKS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MEEIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Lake Erie at Buffalo, N. Y.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

Sept. 19...........

Oct. 19............

Nov. 19.. .........

Dec. 19............

Jan. 19............

Mar. 19............

Apr. 19............

May 25..... .......

July 19. ...........

Aug. 28...........

Per ct. of anhyr)

&

3

6-1

,

2

17

24

190

13

41

M

-S

13

1

02

Tr

O

£

C8

0!

11

11

4 2

7 6

2 9

4 5

8 6

4 7

4 6

3 9

?, 1

5 9

g

^

o

HH

0.13

.08

.04

.04

.07

.10

.06

.05

.03

.03

.18

6.1

O

a

*

33

32

31

31

30

31

30

31

31

32

31

31

23 4

^

Ml

aa"

S

*

7.1

6.8

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.5

8.2

7.9

7.9

7.8

8.0

7.6

5 7

,

jl'~»

o ^

£J

3 a

02

7.2

6.3

5.8

6.8

6.4

5.8

6.9

6.5

6.7

7.1

5.9

6.5

4.9

o>

o

"S

2^

a9.

o

c«

O

4.1

4.8

.0

3.6

.0

2.2

1.4

4.0

5.3

5.2

3.4

3.1

A A Q

,

Ist* ^^

o>O tig

118

116

124

118

117

112

108

104

110

110

112

114

o>

o

^

"^

ft

0!

19

11

13

13

14

13

14

13

14

13

13

9 H

o>

o

'S

t«B

"

^

0.40

.00

Tr.

Tr.

.25

.25

.35

.6

.45

.50

.35

.3

.2

O,

ID

|

ao

8.0

7.9

8.2

8.6

9.2

9.2

8.4

8.6

8.8

9.2

8.6

8.7

6.6

 a

>_^

o

*1

 a 8

e

143

138

129

136

126

132

129

132

131

134

128

133

+3

f}> 3

A .

&~

3

572.27

572. 25

572. 32

572. 45

572. 96

572.22

572. 62

572. 84

573. 18

573.33

573.02

a Analyses by R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts. 

f> Fe2O3 .

Mineral analyses of water from Flint River, near Albany, Ga.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 23

Nov. 2

Nov. 12

Nov. 22

Dec. 2

Dec. 12

Dec. 22

Jan. 1

Jan. 12

Jan. 23

Feb. 2

Feb. 12

Feb. 22

Mar. 4

Mar. 14

Mar. 24

Apr. 3

Apr. 13

Apr. 23

May 3

Mean

To 

Nov. 1

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 1

Dec. 11

Dec. 21

Dec. 31

Jan. 11

Jan. 22

Feb. 2

Feb. 11

Feb. 21

Mar. 3

Mar. 13

Mar. 23

Apr. 2

Apr. 12

Apr. 22

May 2

May 12

Per ct. of anhydrous residue <*.

1

S

^

120

45

17

20

25

35

40

35

20

12

120

60

65

85

40

30

60

160

460

560

100

li"8

a a 

-S

a 8ft

3

0!

64

31

4

8

11

18

17

20

15

7

89

53

45

64

36

30

50

156

376

58

i

<H"8

ll

S

1o

0.53

.69

.24

.40

.44

.51

.42

.07

.75

.58

.74

.88

.69

.75

.90

1.00

.83

.98

.82

.67

......

X.

O 

02~C8

O

02

47

19

25

27

33

34

20

18

22

16

36

22

14

18

12

24

19

23

27

33

94

35.8

o

^

g

fl

0 8

.20

.30

.20

.5

.9

,8

.10

.8

.9

1.1

1.2

1.4

.7

1.4

.8

.9

1.3

2.1

.86

el. 8

^

O,

'33

°

6.8

11

11

12

12

14

6.0

6.2

8.1

7.0

5.6

6.8

8.4

8.8

6.4

10

10

9.5

9.0

7.0

8

0

 O

13.0

1a"

.3

o>

I1

S

3.6

4.8

Tr.

1.2

1.2

1.6 i'.2

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.2

1.2

.8

1.2

.8

2.5

1.6

1 1. 9£i

1.4

2.1

§-. "oG"

 ti +

003

3 a

 3.3

O ffj

0!

&7.0

10.4

~v

 3

03 

FH ^

18o^

1

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

22.8

=3

2^,

o>O 11

"£.33

5

29

51

32

34

37

49

29

22

34

24

22

22

27

29

22

37

34

34

34

24

01 Ol

.....

S 

o

*3

2 «>.

*I A^"1

3

OS

e6.0

9.0

1*3

g^

4S^

ij^

1.8

.4

.9

.6

.7

.5

.8

.5

.8

1.1

.4

.7

.1

.4

.3

.7

.3

.3

.2

.1

. 6

.9

5

'§

3

o

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.0

2.2

2.5

3.0

3.0

4.0

5.5

2.0

4.0

2.5

3.0

1.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

3.5 9 £it n\j

9 £. Qo

4.2

1

>

o "i 

 31

 3

1£"*

84

80

74

77

90

93

68

62

63

52

66

70

47

54

39

72

59

60

66

60

67

I

A .

l|

<D

H

4.3

1.8

2.3

3.0

1.9

2.1

3.8

5.4

2.8

3.0

7.9

5.8

3.8

5.8

4.1

2.1

3.8

3.6

9.4

7.2

o Analyses by J. E. Evans.

6 Fluctuates between 2 and 10 parts. Average value about 7 part-* 

e Fluctuates between trace and 8 parts. Average value about 6 p^rts. 

« Approximate.
ANALYTICAL KESULTS. 63

Mineral analyses of water from Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 1

Oct. 11

Oct. 21

Oct. 31

Nov. 10

Nov. 20

Dec. 1

Dec. 12

Jan. 2

Jan. 11

Jan. 24

Feb. 7

Feb. 18

Feb. 28

Mar. 10

Mar. 20

Mar. 30

Apr. 9

Apr. 20

May 2

May 13

May 25

June 5

June 15

June 25

July 5

July 16

July 26

Aug. 7

Aug. 17

Aug. 27

Sept. 6

Sept. 16

Sept. 26

Mean

To 

Oct. 10

Oct. 20

Oct. 30

Nov. 9

Nov. 19

Nov. 29

Dec. 11

Dec. 29

Jan. 10

Jan. 23

Feb. 6

Feb. 17

Feb. 27

Mar. 9

Mar. 19

Mar. 29

Apr. 8

Apr. 19

May 1

May 12

May 24

June 4

June 14

June 24

July 4

July 15

July 25

Aug. 6

Aug. 16

Aug. 26

Sept. 5

Sept. 15

Sept. 25

Oct. 5

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

 H

1

,g

5

10

8

7

4

3

19

5

7

375

"2i

28

9

38

42

55

34

7

36

36

9

26

5

20

9

15

200

40

20

15

20

15

70

12

37

3

«

a

"0

1

02

39

10

9

5.2

2.8

22

4.0

7.0

255

46

34

65

19

76

65

86

36

18

35

40

13

23

15

45

20

30

172

56

41

31

36

22

84

15

43

1a

"3 .

.£ §

H

1

3.90

1.25

1.29

1.30

;93

1.16

.80

1.00

.68

"i."62

2.32

2.11

2 00

L55

1.57

1.06

2.57

.97

1.11

1.44

.88

3.00

2.25

2.22

2.00

.86

1.40

2.05

2.07

1.80

1.47

1.20

1.25

1.61

CD

PH

I

 a

«&H

0.3

Tr.

Tr.

'."05

.16

.2

4.9

2.1

1.3

-.5

.4

1.1

1.8

2.6

1.1

.5

1.2

1.4

.4

.5

.6

.8

.4

1.0

4.4

1.6

.8

1.1

1.0

1.2

2.6

.5

1.1

^

O 

53

1

53

10

19

22

16

16

17

21

15

11

13

21

5.6

24

2.8

6.6

6.0

11

15

15

16

26

9.6

8.2

8.0

13

15

21

-10

15

12

24

14

2.4

20

14

5.5

?f*H

a

O

ft

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

0.04

.03

.03

.03

.03

.12

.3

.07

.04

.07

.05

.09

.12

.08

.04

.10

.12

.08

.10

.05

.14

.06

.05

.09

.06

.05

.05

.05

.04

.06

.04

.07

6.0

"3"

o_

a

'o§

3

55

59

60

62

65

63

67

69

52

45

45

41

64

41

42

42

47

58

60

50

60

61

61

60

60

61

59

59

60

58

59

58

53

59

KG OD

21.9

"3

g

'3

§ bo

C3

a

19

20

21

21

22 .

21

20

22

16

13

14

21

19

1 c; .10

13

12

14

18

18

15

19

19

19

20

20

22

20

20

22

23

22

22

18

21

in

-Lt7

7.4

3Ufw3*%i

II g!

02

10

13

13

11

9.0

7.4

8.7

6.6

7.9

7.4

6.3

11

8.7

8.2

7.9

6.0

9.1

13

11

11

9.7

13

15

14

10

13

12

9.8

10

8.8

15

9.1

9.3

15

10

3.9

_cg 

o

§03 

h^

30BOg^"

,0'-

O

7.2

11

Tr.

4.8

13

9.1

.0

.0

.0

4.3

4.1

14

17

18

8.4

11

15

16

12

7.2

12

7.2

7.2

.0

14

7.2

11

12

 0

7.2

13

9.6

8.5

44.5

3

2^.

coO

la

 .2w*U

5

220

244

269

254

244

234

246

246

198

148

158

172

198

145

146

162

202

207

179

232

231

235

238

257

204

229

226

217

249

228

182

237

214

2

!03 

h^

si 03 ^^"

a

f

02

29

23

24

29

31

37

47

49

39

34

32

42

42

36

30

26

30

35

35

30

35

33

35

30

28

31

30

32

32

31

35

30

30

29

33

1'' 9

CD

3

<->^

 5^ «9

cS' '

n *>

£

0.7

1.0

.7

1.5

1.5

3.0

5.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

3.1

"4."0

1.7

1.5

2.0

4.0

3.5

2.5

2.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

1.7

Tr.

1.6

.2

.8

1.4

1.2

1.5

Tr.

2.0

2.3

o, 

gf .3 

|A 

O

9.6

7.9

6.7

7.9

8.2

7.9

6.7

8.8

6.2

6.7

4.0

6.5

5.8

48

4.3

4.1

7.8

7.2

7.8

6.0

9.0

9.6

7.8

7.4

10

9.8

9.4

9.4

8.6

9.4

12

9.0

8.2

8.6

7.7

"0

CO

>

O ll

51

3"o

tl

256

277

277

282

290

286

303

311

240

210

198

219

283

201

195

191

219

269

272

235

292

280

279

269

273

270

265

259

266

263

286

263

232

277

258

3 fi

1

^-^ Q> 4*

§?$ tuo*^.

3

a

0.1

- .2

.1

.4

.1

2.1

1.6

1.8

4.5

6.6

10.4

6.8

5.4

5.0

6.0

7.1

6.3

2.8

2.0

5.7

1.6

1.7

1.0

.4

.5

.2

1.2

.6

.3

.3

.3

.2

.3

.6

« Analyses October 1,1906, to November 29, 1906, by R. B. Dole; January 2 to March 29,1907, by R. B. 

Dole and M. G. Roberts; March 30 to July 4,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July 5 to October 

5,1907, by R. B. Dlole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.
64 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Hudson River at Hudson, N. Y.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 17

Sept. 28

Oct. 8

Oct. 18

Oct. 29

Nov. 8

Nov. 18

Nov. 28

Dec. 9

Dec. 19

Dec. 29

Jan. 9

Jan. 19

Jan. 31

Feb. 10

Feb. 21

Mar. 3

Mar. 13

Mar. 23

Apr. 2

Apr. 13 

Apr. 23

May 3

May 13

May 23

June 2

June 12

June 22

July 2

July 12

July 22

Aug. 1

Aug. 11

Aug. 22

Sept. 2

Sept. 12

To 

Sept. 27

Oct. 7

Oct. 17

Oct. 28

Nov. 7

Nov. 17

Nov. 27

Dec. 8

Dec. 18

Dec. 28

Jan. 8

Jan. 18

Jan. 27

Feb. 9

Feb. 20

Mar. 2

Mar. 12

Mar. 22

Apr. 1

Apr. 12

Apr. 22 

May 2

May 12

May 22

June 1

June 11

June 21

July 1

July 11

July 21

July 31

Aug. 10

Aug. 21

Sept. 1

Sept. 11

Sept. 22

Mean............

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

i?

2

3

H

10

9

6

7

8

8

18

9

8

8

39

31

13

6

18

9

6

20

34

15

13 

30

12

7

6

7

6

29

20

4

9

7

8

7

9

11

13

g

+f

e

a

g,

03

11

9

7

11

11

10

13

10

6.0

6.8

40

30

21

6.4

32

11

2.6

21

54

16

19 

33

15

9.0

11

10

9.6

34

30

11

13

2.2

23

6.6

6.8

12

16

<£> a

"o 

a!

'o§ H

1C<fi

8

1.10

1.00

1.17

1.57

1.37

1.25

.72

1.11

.75

.85

1.02

.97

1.62

1.07

1.78

1.22

.43

1.05

1.59

1.07

1.46 

1.10

1.25

1.29

1.83

1 1. 43 riO

1.60

1.17

1.50

2.75

1.44

.31

2.88

.94

.76

1.09

1.26

"a?

b

a 

S. jn

"o

0.6

.4

'.S2

'".S

.3

.6

.5

1.4

1.1

.6

.4

.4

.8

.4

1.1

2.1

.5

.7 

1.4

.6

.5-.5

.4

1.0

.8

.8

.8

.7

.8

.7

.9

.7

.7

O 

33"cT

_o

03

19

15

9.0

13

13

15

13

8.6

8.0

11

7.4

12

5.6

9.6

42

9.6

27

13

5.6

15

9.2 

13

12

9.0

10

5 4

48

6.6

9.2

16

11

10 " "s'o"

8.8

13

"a?

^

a

o

£

0.2

. 2

.1

.05

.18

.16

.2

.15

.08

.06

.1

.16

.09

.12

.1

.13

.13

.13

.13

.09

.12 

.16

.13

.15

.15

.11

.11

.09

.12

.40

.11

.21

.14

.23

.42

.10

11 .15

10.9 c.2

a 0

3'o

 a

0

24'

24

26

26

25

22

20

18

20

24

18

15

18

21

19

24

25

20

16

16

16 

16 "ie"

18

18

20

22

"22"

26

26

26

26

26

26

21

20.9

"Si

'w

£

B>

 ^

4.4

4.2

3.8

3.8

48

4.4

4.2

3.8

42

5.0

4.0

3.4

4.0

4.6

4.8

5.0

4.8

4.0

2.2

1.2

1.4 

1.4

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.8

2.0

4.0

5.4

4.6

4.6

5.0

5.4

5.4

5.8

5.4

3.8

3.8

^

It^

ll

3 1

fj-a

03

7.9

7.9

10

11

9.9

10

7.9

6.3

7.3

7.6

6.3

4.6

5.0

5.0

6.6

5.7

5.8

4.9

5.0

9.8

6.9 

9.4

5.0

7.6

6.3

6.9

9.5

9.8

11

12

9.4

9.3

9.8

8.8

9.4

7.9

7.8

S

 5

£0

(SO

fi '

c?

U

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

&7.9

.0

.0 

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

&12

biz

.0

.0

.0

648

.0

.0

.0

.0

35.7

 5

C3 ,

»O sg

HK oO

cs"o

o

5

87

80

80

82

79

77

71

63

72

83

60

52

57

67

70

77

76

63

43

61

56 

56

48

62

"63"

"56"

60

83

92

88

84

95

87

85

73

JS"o"-s

C3

S03

ft "3

OQ

16

17

20

20

21

21

15

12

16

18

14

12

15

16

17

19

21

16

9.7

13

10 

12

12

11

13

14

14

19

17

20

20

19

21

22

23

16

15.9

o

10 X. 

*-O

"Jl^

S

ft

Tr.

0.5

.9

.7

.9

.9

1.0

.5

1.6

1.5

1.8

1.2

1.1

1.6

.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

.3

1.3

1.0 

.9

.8

.8

.6

.5

.5

Tr.

.0

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.0

.0

Tr.

Tr.

.8

.8

'Sa

o

3

0

3.8

5.3

5.6

5.3

41

4.1

3.0

2.6

4.3

44

2.9

3.4

3.6

4 1

4.3

5.0

5.0

4.2

1.2

2.9

3.0 

2.4

2.4

2.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

6.2

5.8

3.8

3.4

5.0

5.4

5.4

5.8

4.2

40

4.0

1"o

at .

CO U>

 32

_!

0

E-1

131

129

131

135

125

123

112

96

99

114

88

82

86

103

99

118

129

98

63

94

82 

87

77

84

96

92

93

103

117

122

127

127

125

131

133

132

108

a Analyses September 17 to December 8,1906, by R. B. Dole; December 9,1906, to April 1,1907, by R. B. 

Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 2 to July 1,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July 2 to September 

22,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

t> Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 65

Mineral analyses of water from Lake Huron at Port Huron, Mich.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

Sept. 21. ..........

Nov.21. ..........

Dec °1

Mar.21...........

May 21... .........

June 21 ...........

Per ct. of anhy-

£>

-3

17

H

1

2

Tr.

Tr

Tr.

§5 <4-3 H

Fi

T3-s

0>ft

O 

02

Tr.

X.

0

02

C3 

o

02

13

8.7

8.0

12

14

14

14

8.5

11.1

?

fe

2

0.02

.10

.05

.05

03

.04

.05

.04

.04

C3

O_

 |

 a

0,

?4

?4

24

?3

23

22

?4

?5

24

?? ;-

'So

^ '

°j»

?

C3

a

6 4

6 3

6 7

6,7

7 1

7.2

7.7

7,6

7.5

7.0

& .

p,w £*

Si

 5 1

&z

02

3.5

3.7

3.0

5.8

4.7

5.1

5.9

4.7

4 4

4.1

£"o

'O

S 

lo

aBo

^5

^ 

O

3.4

3.6

.0

.0

1.2

Tr.

2.4

5.3

1.8

47.4

3

M ^* ®o is

5

97

96

100

103

99

101

106

10?

96

100

~

s> 

T32 

a><5 85°,

U

o

02

4,8

6 2

5 6

6,6

6,7

6 7

6,0

7.3

6 4

6 2

5.8

s>

 a .

OS'S «-O 

aifc

2

S

0.30

.25

.4

.4

.3

.45

.4

.45

.4

.4

£>

I

J

O

2.5

2. -5

2.6

3.1

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.4

 O

<D

sg

-8&

o

H

108

101

108

109

110

116

105

108

i

£~

ll

s

s

581.12

680.87

580.68

580.65

580.65

580.68

580.90

581.08

581.39

a Analyses by R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts.

* Gaging station at Harbor Beach, Mich., 60 miles above.

c Fe2O3.

8464 IRR 236 09-
66 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN".

Mineral analyses of water from Iowa River at loiva City, Iowa.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 6 

Sept. 16 

Sept. 26 

Oct. 7 

Oct. 17 

Oct. 27 

Nov. 6 

Nov. 16 

Nov. 26 

Dec. 6 

Dec. 17 

Jan. 5 

Jan. 16 

Jan. 29 

Feb. 8 

Feb. 18 

Feb. 28 

Mar. 10 

Mar. 20 

Mar. 30 

Apr. 9 

Apr. 19 

Apr. 30 

May 9 

May 19 

May 29 

June 8 

June 17 

June 27 

July 8 

July 18 

July 28 

Aug. 8 

Aug. 18 

Aug. 28 

Sept. 7

Per ct. 

drous

To 

Sept. 15 

Sept. 25 

Oct. 6 

Oct. 16 

Oct. 26 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 15 

Nov. 25 

Dec. 5 

Dec. 16 

Jan. 4 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 17 

Feb. 27 

Mar. 9 

Mar. 19 

Mar. 29 

Apr. 8 

Apr. 18 

Apr. 28 

May 8 

May 18 

May 28 

June 7 

June 16 

June 26 

July 7 

July 17 

July 27 

Aug. 7 

Aug. 17 

Aug. 27 

Sept. 6 

Sept. 16

of anhyTurbidity.

90 

105 

125 

75 

50 

25 

20 

15 

35 

20 

70 

135 

115 

10 

15 

75 

240 

170 

90 

285 

50 

30 

50 

50 

540 

190 

650 

255 

350 

1,200 

375 

162 

175 

75 

80 

50

168

Suspended matter.

64 

74 

86 

62 

51 

22 

13 

14 

29 

13 

41 

102 

87 

7.2 

26 

69 

213 

109 

62 

140 

30 

37 

55

377 

124 

476 

187 

214 

757 

257 

117 

118 

50 

71 

63

120

Coefficient offineness.

0.71 

.70 

.69 

.83 

1 02 

.88 

.65 

.93 

.83 

.65 

.59 

.76 

.76 

.72 

1.73 

.92 

.89 

.64 

.69 

.49 

.60 

1.24 

1.10

.70 

.65 

.73 

.68 

.61 

.63 

.67 

.72 

.67 

.67 

.89 

1.26

.80

O

is

1

02

28 

28 

24 

22 

36 

21 

14 

10 

15 

26 

27 

14 

18 

.12 

8.8 

6.2 

9.2 

18

15 

14 

13 

13 

9.8 

36 

17 

23 

25 

26 

25 

22 

22 

20 

24 

16 

17

19

7.8

Iron (Fe).

0.30 

.10 

.10 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.10 

.15 

.10 

.05 

.6 

.7 

.15 

.07 

.15 

.9 

.05 

.16 

.45 

.10 

.03 

.40 

.15 

1.4 

.10 

.40 

.30 

.30 

.35 

.7 

.06 

.10 

.19 

.11 

.02

.25 

c.l

(Ca). Calcium 

57 

47 

51 

56 

64 

63 

60 

59 

53 

61 

61 

23 

21 

39 

44

"35" 

46 

44 

59 

61 

46 

57 

48 

47 

38 

47 

55 

30 

35 

55 

48 

59 

52 

57

49 

20.0

(Mg). Magnesium 

20 

18 

21 

23 

26 

22 

20 

21 

20 

18 

24 

10 

7.5 

15 

13 

9.2 

11 

11 

15 

16 

21 

23 

18 

24 

14 

16 

13 

17 

20 

8.2 

9.6 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20

17 

6.9

and potas- Sodium (Na+K). sium 

17 

19 

13 

14 

13 

12 

16 

17 

16 

16

11

14 

12 

12 

14 

18

9.5 

12 

15 

15 

12 

11 

9.1 

11 

26 

11

15 

11 

8.9 "is"'

14

5.7

radicle Carbonate 

(CO ).S

67.7 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0' 

42.2

radi- Bicarbonate (HCO cle ).3

245 

222 

223 

273 

283 

262 

268 

275 

253 

282 

281 

90 

83 

160 

165 

79 

118 

141 

195 

208 

228 

270

270 

202 

181 

161

' "252" 

114 

153 

238 

218 

245 

222 

267

210

 1

1

|£

ft -3 

03

31

"36" 

32 

44 

35 

30 

36 

36 

42 

31 

31 

30 

39 

44 

34 

51 

36 

38 

36 

49 

49 

47 

38 

36 

37 

30 

32 

33 

40 

22 

29 

32 

34 

33 

38

36 

14.7

Nitrate radicle 

(NO ).S

0.2 

1.8 

1.7 

1.1 

.5 

1.3 

1.5 

Tr. 

4.4 

4.4 

3.5 

5.2 

1.7 

2.3 

2.2 

6.9 

6.4 

4.0 

1.3 

4.1 

1.0 

Tr. 

.6 

Tr. 

5.4 

2.9 

3.5 

3.4 

4.4 

3.0 

7.2 

3.1 

3.9 

3.0 

3.0 

.6

2.8 

1.1

Chlorine (Cl).

3.8 

5.0 

6.7 

4.0 

3.9 

5.4 

4.4 

3.7 

4.5 

4.0 

4.0 

2.1 

2.7 

3.4 

6.7 

1.4 

1.8 

2.0 

3.3

4." 2 

5.4 

3.3 

2.4 

3.2 

1.9 

4.3 

2.6

"i.'e"

2.4 

2.8 

4.2 

3.8

3.6 

1.5

<D 

3

253 

264 

265 

273 

312 

289 

291 

276 

270 

312 

306 

139 

134 

196 

211 

129 

187 

192 

231 

221 

285 

319 

284 

284 

278 

232 

217 

270 

268 

172 

192 

266 

249 

288 

243 

285

247

o Analyses September 6, 1906, to February 17, 1907, by W. M. Barr; February 18 to 27,1907, by Henry 

S. Spaulding; February 28 to September 16, 1907, by Walton Van Winkle. 

6 Abnormal; computed as HCO3 in the average.
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 67

Mineral analyses of water from James River at Richmond, Va.a 

'[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 10

Sept. 20

Sept. 30

Oct. 10

Oct. 20

Oct. 30

Nov. 9

Nov. 19

Nov. 29

Dec. 9

Dec. 19

Dec. 30

Jan. 9

Jan. 20

Jan. 30

Feb. 9

Feb. 19

Mar. 3

Mar. 12

Mar. 23

Apr. 3

Apr. 13 

Apr. 23

May 4

Mav 14

May 24

June 3

June 13

June 23

Julv 3

July 13

July 23

Aug. 2

Aug. 12

Aug. 22

Sept. 2

To 

Sept. 19

Sept. 29

Oct. 8

Oct. 19

Oct. 29

Nov. 8

Nov. 18

Nov. 28

Dec. 8

Dec. 18

Dec. 29

Jan. 8

Jan. 19

Jan. 29

Feb. 8

Feb. Ifj

Mar. 1| Mar. 12

Mar. 22

Apr. 2

Apr. 12

Apr. 22 

Mav 3

Mav 13

May 23

June 2

June 12

June 22

Julv 2

July 12

July 22

Aug. 1

Aug. 11

Aug. 21

Sept. 1

Sept. 9

Mean............

Per ct. of anhydrous residue.].

1

j3

^

38

43

400

70

270

14

12

260

14

11

47

55

9

21

6

24

17

55

55

38

190

42 

80

220

70

110

230

235

110

48

20

100

45

120

28

150

ona\J

I

1

11

1

29

15

85

32

56

18

12

227

11

7.4

53

59

20

44

10

18

15

47

50

25

194

64 

70

190

64

125

256

240

126

40

29

81

36

75

33

90

71

1<a"3 .

§

<D 

pj 'o

O

O

0.76

.35

.21

.46

.21

1.29

1.00

.87

.79

.67

1.12

1.07

2.23

2.10

1.67

.75

.88

.85

.91

.66

1.02

1.52 

.87

.86

.91

1.14

1.13

1.02

1.14

.83

1.45

.81

.80

.62

1.18

.60

96

......

1

|

 i

 g

EH

2.5

2.8

21

3.5

7.1

1.1

0.5

8.6

0.8

0.9

3.0

5.8

1.3

2.3

0.8

1.2

0.6

1.8

1.8

1.9

8.6

2.1

2.7

10

2.6

5.6

14

11

5.4

1.2

0.6

1.4

1.0

1.6

1.2

1.5

3 Q y

.....

6 

2.

I

33

25

30

54

15

21

31

25

14

18

17

11

16

15

12

14

11

13

17

13

16

24

26

"22"

24

20

6.4

11

19

11

17

14

16

18

12

16

Ifi J-O

22.0

£

a

o

*

0.6

1.0

1.3

.5

.8

.3

. 2

. 9

.3

. '.425

.8

.23

.26

.35

.6

.18

.67

.23

.19

.7

.16

.7

1.8

.35

.3

.5

.3

.24

.04

.06

.28

.05

1.5

.19

.79

c.9

"c?

 I

"3

O

17

17

17

15

12

15

16

11

13

14

13

11

13

12

13

13

13

12

12

14

13

13 

16

11

12

13

9.6

12

15

16

18

18

18

17

19

19

14

17.1

'So

a

 55

§"a

is

^

4.0

4.2

3.2

2.6

2.0

3.6

4.0

1.4

2.4

4.2

3.0

2.8

3.2

2.8

3.2

3.4

2.0

2.3

2. 5

2. £

1.8

1.6 

3.2

1.4

1.8

1.9

0.6

0.4

0.6

4.0

4.6

4.8

4.8

5.2

5.5

5.1

3 c u

3.7

4 .

IF

SB

 1 1 'o'"*

rjl'

6.8

6.3

4.7

5.8

6.7

6.9

6.6

4.6

3.9

3.0

1.8

. . .. .

"3." 6

4.7

6.1

6.1

6.8

11

10 

14

6.6

9.4

8.8

6.9

7.2

9.8

8.0

5.7

6.1

7.2

6.9

5.0

6.0

6.7

8.2

S, "§

1^

So

C3O

Jl

e3

O

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

617

.0

62. 4

.0

62 4

611

6 12

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

63.6

.0

.0

36.2

3

fl

«8

amO N~ '

 e.2

IS 0

o

s

72

76

69

58

"68

71

46

58

60

54

46

56

50

53

55

51

49

51

59

60

59 

55

52

54

62

33

27

46

62

71

67

71

"67

60

....

S

!L

Sai

P. "3

4.3

5.1

12

5.1

3.9

5.6

10

5 8

4.6

5.1

5.9

4.9

4.6

4.3

5.1

5.1

8.8

7.7

5.8

12

8.4

5.6 

7.4

6.6

6.9

7.2

7.7

6.1

6.2

7.6

8.4

11

9.9

10

10

11

7.1

8.7

1

l~

i"" ;|

^

Tr.

0.4

.4

.9

.9

.7

.5

.4

.2

.1

.2

. 7

.4

.5

Tr.

Tr.

.9

.7

.6

.3

.0

.0 

Tr.

.0

Tr.

Tr.

.0

.0

Tr.

.3

.2

Tr.

.4

.7

.3

Tr.

.3

.4

^

O,

1

1o

2.4

2 2

Tr.

1.9

1.4

2.9

2.2

1.4

.2

2.2

2.2

1.9

1.9

1.8

2.4

3.0

1.7

1.0

1.0

1.4

2.6

1.8 

3.4

2.2

1.8

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.4

3.8

3.6

46

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.2

2.3

2.8

<D

O .

 5 "3

3~0

100

119

146

83

93

98

97

71

76

79

71

71

73

63

70

69

70

76

69

83

97

91 

174

88

91

88

58

69

93

82

94

97

98

100

97

100

89

....

I

3 .

© ^*

a

1

0.7

.6

2.8

1.1

7.2

1.0

.6

2.1

.7

.6

1.3

1.5

1.1

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.8

.9

3.5

1.6 

1.3

1.8

1.2

1.5

3.8

3.6

1.2

.6

.6

.4

.2

.5

.3

.2

....

a Analyses September 10 to November 28, 1906, by R. B. Dole; November 29, 1906, to April 2, 1907, by 

R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 3 to July 2. 1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July 12 to 

September 9,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Coiling,

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOa in the average. ^
68 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from, Kalamazoo River near Kalamazoo, Mich.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.!

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 19

Sept. 29

Oct. 9

Oct. 19

Oct. 29

Nov. 8

Nov. 18

Nov. 27

Dee. 8

Dec. 19

Dec. 29

Jao. 8

Jao. 18

Jao. 29

Feb. 9

Feb. 19

Mar. 11

Mar. 21

Mar. 31

Apr. 10

Apr. 22 

May 2

May 12

May 22

June 2

June 12

June 23

July 4

July 14

July 24

Aug. 3

Aug. 13

Aug. 23

Sept. 2

Sept. 12

Mean

To 

Sept. 28

Oct. 8

Oct. 18

Oct. 28

Nov. 7

Nov. 17

Nov. 27

Dec. 7

Dee. 18

Dee. 28

Jan. 1

Jan. 17

Jan. 28

Feb. 8

Feb. 18

Feb. 28

Mar. 20

Mar. 27

Apr. 9

Apr. 21

May 1 

May 11

May 21

June 1

June 11

June 22

July 3

July 13

July 23

Aug. 2

Aug. 13

Aug. 22

Sept. 1

Sept. 11

Sept. 21

Per et. of anhydrous> residue

t?

§

1

3

4

5

3

5

9

8

4

7

5

6

11

11'9

19

13

4

9

9

10

8 

13

2

4

6

3

3

10

7

4

3

3

2

3

6

7

S3 +o

1

§

ft

1

12

7.0

7.6

7.2

7.4

4.8

3.2

3.2

5.6

13

11

54

89

85

7.0

15

16

25

12 

19

3.5

6.5

9.5

6.5

32

95

36

11

7.0

8.4

5.0

5.4

7.6

19

§

«B 8

 I*

1°

<D

8

2.40

2.33

1.52

.80

.92

1.20

.46

.64

.93

1.18

1.00

6.00

4.68

6.54

1.75

1.67

1.78

2.50

1.50 

1.46

1.75

1.62

1.58

2.17

10.65

9.50

5.14

2.75

2.33

2.80

2.50

1.80

1.27

2.64

it

a 

2

3

o

0.3

.3

Tr.

Tr.

.1

Tr.

.1

Tr.

.1

.1

.3

.8

.6

.4

.3

.2

.4

.8

.3

.15

.3

1.6

.1

. 2

.2

.3

.6

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.2

O

03

CS

2

3

OQ

29

19

20

20

16

17

19

21

15

20

17

22

11

11

2.8

3.4

23

15

19

26

24

8.8

19

14

12

15

16

22

11

23

14

19

23

22

18

17

7.1

"S"

g

0.3

.3

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.06

.07

.07

06

.03

.05

.06

.06

.06

.05

.06

.06

.05 

.05

.07

.06

.03

.05

.06

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.05

6 0

"a

0

'8

 a59

58

62

62

64

63

66

64

60

68

63

56

52

49

31

22

57

52

52

59 

49

60

58

58

' 58

56

37

37

58

55

38

58

58

57

55

W. 9

i

1

! i

20

20

19

19

18

18

19

19

18

21

19

17

16

19

19

17

17

14

14

16

17 

15

18

18

18

19

20

20

19

20

19

21

21

21

20

18

7.5

8^

1+

Si

Ifo'w

OQ

9.0

8.7

8.8 8 5-

6.1

6.5

8.3

7.2

5.4

5.8

4.9

3.3

5.5

7.1

8.4

7.4

6.9

6.3

11

10 

6.9

12

10

11

13

9.5

"16""

1L.

ii

8 2

3.4

"o

-3

®o

o

.Q

6

6.8

9.8

8.4

5.8

17

.0

.0

Tr.

5.3

17

.0

.0

.0

19

14

19

14

4.8

14

17

17 

12

12

12

11

Tr.

4.8

.0

9.6

12

Tr.

.0

.0

.0

9.6

7 1 . Ofi

47.3

=3

f j

IS-Q"^

3

250

236

257

264

238

271

250

253

222

234

252

213

198

202

160

121

220

193

173

160

218 

163

234

235

228

249

227

174

135

202

228

167

251

246

226

216

[3

si a^

a,

£

16

22

15

14

28

25

27

21

31

31

24

31

28

32

25

23

22

26

24

20 

30

22

20

20

19

17

22

20

20

20

19

21

20

19

23

9 6

0

So i~

i

1.5

1.5

2.1

1.6

2.6

2.4

2.8

2.8

0.8

3.2

3.2

3.2

3 2

1.9

2

!o

3.6

2.0

2.0

3.5

2.5 

2.5

1.8

1.5

2.5

1.6

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.9

1.5

2.0

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.9

0 8

X.

_q

1

0

3.8

3.8

4.3

3.6

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.0

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.0

3.5

2.9

3.1

3.0

2.4

3.6

4.6

3.6 

3.4

3.4 2.8

3.0

3.4

4. 2

2.6

2.4

2 ^

1 5

3.6

3.4

3.6

3.8

3.4

1,4

s>

'o

^1

"3

o

272

265

261

262

278

284

262

267

255

289

262

241

223

228

174

140

252

223

235

232

265 

214

263

252

249

254

241

189

186

256

233

196

254

257

245

242

a Analyses September 19 to December 7.1906, by R. B. Dole; Decembers ,1906, to Mwh27,1907,'by R. B. 

Dole and M. G. Roberts; March 31 to July 3,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July 13 to September 21, 1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 FeaO3.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS.

Mineral analyses of water from Kentucky River at Frankfort, Ky.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

69

Date |

(1906-7).

From 

Aug. 28

Sept. 8

Sept. IS

Sept. 28

Oct. 8

Oct. 19

Oct. 29

Nov. 9

Nov. 20

Dec. 1

Dec. 13

Dec. 24

Jan. 3

Jan. 13

Jan. 23

Feb. 2

Feb. 12

Feb. 22

Mar. 4

Mar. 14

Mar. 24

Apr. 3

Apr. 14

Apr. 24

May 4

May 14

May 25

June 4

June 14

June 26

July 7

July 17

July 27

Aug. 6

Aug. 16

Aug. 26

Mean

To 

Sept. 7

Sept. 17

Sept. 27

Oct. 7

Oct. 18

Oct. 28

Nov. 8

Nov. 19

Nov. 30

Dec. 12

Dec. 23

Jan. 2

Jan. 12

Jan. 22

Feb. 1

Feb. 11

Feb. 21

Mar. 3

Mar. 13

Mar. 23

Apr. 2

Apr. 12

Apr. 23

May 3

May 13

May 23

June 3

June 13

June 24

July 5

July 16

July 26

Aug1. 5

Aug. 15

Aug. 25

Sept. 4

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

1 £'g

H

70

180

165

160

105

50

43

32

105

450

270

210

700

150

65

36

200

210

650

43

90

26

24

90

49

26

375

215

68

40

190

33

45

20

70

150

1

 8

 a

gi*

03

63

108

84

101

73

34

25

19

406

41

430

206

140

660

97

124

58

273

172

632

36

65

24

28

137

52

28

357

237

69

75

103

53

30

16

39

142

<§

3 a

o

1

0.90

.60

.51

.63

.09

.68

.58

.59

."39"

.96

.76

.67

.94

.65

1.91

1.61

1.36

.82

.97

.84

72

.92

1.17

1.52

1.06

1.08

.95

1.10

1.02

1.88

.54

1.60

.67

.80

.56

.93

-----

"a?

1

^

1

H

2.7

£0

5.2

4.9

2.7

2.0

s.'s

1.9

9.3

5.8

3.2

10

4.2

3.5

1.9

10

5.8

23

1.4

2 1

1.4

0.5

3.0

1.9

.8

13

5.6

2.3

1.8

3.8

1.4

2 1

1.0

2.4

4.7

O

C3

03

15

28

23

21

19

5.2

19

14

12

15

15

18

14

15

14

13

9.8

4.0

12

21

11

15

22

12

18

34

15

22

16

12

16

28

7.8

16

16

22

16

16.1

"3"

^

a 

2

0.9

1.2

1.4

.8

.6

.4

.3

.12

. 7

.6

.65

1.4

.4

.7

.8

.16

.09

.15

.3.5

.4

.12

.18

21 !oo

.10

.6

.10

1.3

.61

.11

.05

.52

.26

.49

.16

.70

.49

6.7

O

_3

"3

0

18

21

30

27

21

22

25

26

26

y?25

28

26

22

13

18

18

19

18

21

18

13

14

18

20

21

13

14

16

17

17

21

21

22

22

21

21.1

60

1

a

eu

a

S

2.2

4.2

2.6

4.6

4.8

4.2

4.6

4.4

4.0

5.4

4.8

4.6

4.8

5.2

4.8

4.0

3.8

3.4

3.6

3.4

4.0

3.2

1.3

1.4

3.0

2.4

3.8

1.7

1.3

3.8

4.8

. . .. .

3.7

3.7

t

§ "Sy"

"§«

3 9

5-- O'">

CO

11

8.9

7. *J

9.1

6.5

5.5

0.8

7.2

0.5

4.3

3.6

3.0

3.6

5.2

5.0

3.8

5.5

4.3

6.2

fi.5

5.7

6.9

8.7

0.4

7.9

9.1

7.9

9.1

9.9

6.1

9.1,

9.9

6.6

7.5

8.3

7.2

6.8

6.9

0>

S O

-SO

C8O

O

"s

^

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

5.S

14

12

.0

.0

2.9

.0

2.4

.0

.0

.0

2.9

.0

.0

8.4

12

8.4

17

.0

.0

.0

2. 4

38.6

,

-5

^"S

Ji- g's

5

77

80

76

111

103

83

89

90

89

80

99791

94

96

45

40

46

74

70

73

63

49

59

89

82

77

51

54

49

46

58

41

72

78

78

73

0> "3

1i

I?C3 *-*

£3

 £*

03

5.4

6.4

7.6

8.2

8.7

7.6

8.9

7.9

10

.

6." 9

7.9

9.4

7.4

8.1

8.1

8.9

8.9

8.7

8.2

8.2

8.4

6.2

7.7

4.0

7.6

7.7

ll'7 2

7.1

12

12

9.9

9.1

9.4

8.7

8.3

8.4

<o

o

OS'S

"3""^

£

fc

Tr.

1.5

2.4

2.6

2.8

1.7

2.0

2.1

5.0

6.2

7.4

6.4

7.4

7.0

5.0

.4

.9

1.8

4.1

4.0

2.8

2.2

1.5

.3

.5

2.0

1.5

1.8

1.5

Tr.

Tr.

.0

.0

1.3

1.2

1.3

2.5

2.5

G,

 Rp

3

o

1.4

1.7

1.9

1.7

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.2

3.0 i.'s

1.7

1.4

1.8

1 2

1.4

2.4

2.0

1.6

1.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.2

1.4

1.9

2.4

2.4

1.4

1.8

2. 2

i. 4

2.6

.6

3.6

3.0

2.0

2.0

^

§

 0

>>

Jl

is"o

102

120

117

147

133

105

111

112

117

117

125

118

121

125

95

73

83

78

96

100

92

88

86

86

100

131

102

106

93

81

85

108

87

96

99

112

104

----

^

"M 3

11

£

S

^

6.4

6.8

6.4

7.3

7.0

6.0

5.8

5.8

8.9

6.2

10.6

10.2

9.5

19.1

9.6

8.4

8.0

10.1

10.4

13.0

6.7

8.0

7.3

6.8

9.0

7.2

6.7

9.4

8.3

6.3

6.4

6.2

5.9

5.7

6.1

6.4

....

n Analyses August 28,1906, to January 22,1907, by R. B. Dole; January 23 to April 2,1907, b3~ R. B. Dole 

andM. G.Roberts; April 3 to July 5,1907, by Chase* Palmer and M. G. Ro'berts; July 7 toSeptenber4,1907, 

by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. I). Collins.

6 Fe2O3.
70 SURFACE WATEKS EAST OF THE HUNDBEDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Lehigh River at South Bethlehem, Pa.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 11

Sept. 21

Oct. 1

Oct. 11

Oct. 22

Nov. 1

Nov. 12

Nov. 23

Dec. 4

Dec. 14

Dec. 24

Jan. 3

Jan. 14

Jan. 26

Feb. 6

Feb. 16

Feb. 26

Mar. 8

Mar. 18

Mar. 28

Apr. 8

Apr. 18 

Apr. 28

May 8

May 18

May 28

June 7

June 17

June 27

July 7

July 18

July 28

Aug. 7

Aug. 18

Aug. 28

Sept. 7

Sept. 17

Mean

ToSept. 20

Sept. 30

Oct. 10

Oct. 21

Oct. 31

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 3

Dec. 13

Dec. 23

Jan. 2

Jan. 13

Jan. 25

Feb. 4

Feb. 15

Feb. 25

Mar. 7

Mar. 17

Mar. 27

Apr. 7

Apr. 17

Apr. 27

May 7

May 17

May 27

June 6

June 15

June 26

July 6

July 17

July 27

Aug. 6

Aug. 17

Aug. 27

Sept. 6

Sept. 16

Sept. 26

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

^

 3

1

£

8

7

12

8

13

12

16

10

13

11

50

17

13

11

9

6

11

55

19

12

1

4 

2

18

1

'i'

2

3

4

42

30

5

4

6

40

14

FH

"S

s

IV-d 

d

a P. to

7.4

6

11

7.8

20

12

18

10

11

10

107

34

22

11

4.6

10

9 0

103

49

19

17

10

7.2

20

7.0

16

5.4

15

19

4.8

34

35

5 2

4.8

19

39

21

§

<rt "8 .

.Si a 'o

u

0.92

.86

.92

.98

1.54

1.00

1 12

1.00

.85

.91

2.14

2.00

1.69

1.00

.51

1.66

.82

1.88

2.58

1.58

17.00

2.50 

3 60

1.11

7.00

5. 40

7.50

6.33

1.20

.81

1.17

1.04

1.20

3.17

.98

2 46

 £ 

fti

a

2

£"8

1.5

.6

.5

.9

1.7

1.4

1.6

.8

1 4

1.0

3 2

1.9

1.8

1.1

1.0

.8

1.0

2 8

1.2

1.0

.9

1 6 

1 0

1.0

.6

1.4

.7

.5

.4

.6

1.8

.9

.6

.6

.8

1.8

2.4

1 2

s~^

O

2,

1

3

11

13

11

11

9.0

5 4

6.4

10

5.6

6.4

7.0

8 0

9 6

7 2

9 2

6.2

8 4

7.2

4.0

6.0

4.6

17 

12

7.6

15

5.6

10

8.8

3 0

7 8

io'"

12

15

8 8

q 5

<D

d

3

0.10

.5

.10

.10

.20

.06

.08

.07

.06

.07

.12

.10

.10

.11

09

.06

.04

.10

.09

.09

.07

.10

.08

.09

.05

.06

.07

.05

.05

.04

.21

.03

.04

.13

,06

.06

.30

.10

d 1

"3"

o

|

1Co

o

22

23

17

17

12

12

12

12

13

11

10

8.8

10

11

13

15

16

13

7.6

11

12

13 

14

13

14

12

11

13

14

14

20

15

21

24

24

18

14

15 0

a

'to|

0)

a

8 0

8.8

7.0

6 6

4.8

4.6

4 8

4 8

5 6

4.8 "s.T

3 8

4.8

5 4

5 0

5.4 Te"

2 2

4 6

5 0

4.8

6 7

4.8

4.5

4 2

4 2

5 0

6.0

7.6

7.0

9.6-

10

11

6.6

5.7

6 1

& .

Hw~lsl

ll0 " 

OQ

6.8

9.1

7.9

7.7

6 9

5 8

6 1

8 5

5 2

4.1

5 0

3.9

4.9

"5~6~

5 0

8 5

4 5

5.8

4.6

6.1

'82

11

8.7

7.6

5.7

7.6

6 9

7.2

15

11

12

12

14

7.5

8 1

r2[3

s

(3

*H .

£0"So

o

,0

a

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

«9. 6

.0 

.0

<16

.0

.0

.0

.0

ell

.0

c4 8

c2. 4

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

91 9

 3

2^

4,0

ISo * '

1.3

(3 O 

O

M

58

65

48

49

30

28

25

34

28

28

28

22

27

29

40

44

49

37

17

28

17

34 

36

13

45

23

32

37

11

27

57

35

56

78

78

66

40

"o

'O

C3

t-t .

fl£C3 '*-*'

1

OQ ~^T

44

42.

3£

26

29

32

29

31

26

25

20

21

27

28

25

30

23

15

20

23

26

30

25

31

23

29

34

37

37

39

38

37

37

44

31

30

3?, 3

o

'O

^0

<D£

1

1

2.0

1.9

3 0

3 2

1.9

2.8,

2 8

3 0

3 0

3 8

4 0

4 0

4 0

3.0

3 0

2.1

6.9

2 9

1.9

2 6

.9

1.0 

1.0

.0

.5

1.3

1.5

Tr.

.2

2 1

1.8

.0

1 8

3 0

2.2

.8

2.2

2 4

r-n"

g.

d

|

3 

o

7.0

8 2

5.5

6 0

3 8

4.7

5 3

6 2

4.6

5 0

5 4

3.8

3 7

4.8

4.6

3.6

4 2

3.4

2.2

2.6

3.8

3.6 

3.8

4.4

3.8

3.8

3.6

4.4

4.2

4.2

5 8

5.8

7.0

7.8

8.4

6 0

5.4

4.9

5 3

g

"1

13

0)

'o to

 o""

£"o

128

145

119

113

79

78

84

88

78

72

68

60

68

72

84

83

100

82

48

70

72

92 

86

98

95

77

76

85

83

94

174

123

127

139

147

146

95

|

tO

|o^

M.S,

d

(3

a

4.2

4.2

4.4

4.5

5.1

4.9

4.9

4.9

"i." 9

~5.'4

5.2

....

"t>'6

4.4

4.6

4.7 

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.5

4.6

a Analyses September 11 to October 31, 1906, by R. B. Dote; November 1, 1906, to April 7, 1907, by R. 

B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 8 to June 26, 1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; June 27,1907, 

to September 26,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 Gaging station at Mauch Chunk, Pa., 30 miles above.

c Abnormal; computed as TICOs in the average.

d Fe2O3.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 71

Mineral analyses of water from Maumee River at Toledo, Ohio.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 19 

Sept. 30 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 21 

Nov. 2 

Nov. 12 

Nov. 24 

Dec. 5 

Dec. 16 

Jan. 6 

Jan. 16 

Jan. 27 

Feb. 8 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 1 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 24 

Apr. 3 

Apr. 13 

Apr. 24 

May 4 

May 15 

May 25 

June 4 

June 15 

June 25 

July 5 

July 17 

July 27 

Aug. 6 

Aug. 16 

Aug. 27 

Sept. 8 

Sept. 18 

Sept 28

To 

Sept. 18 

Sept. 29 

Oct. 9 

Oct. 20 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 23 

Dec. 4 

Dec. IS 

Dec. 26 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 26 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 18 

Feb. 28 

Mar. 10 

Mar. 28 

Apr. 2 

Apr. 12 

Apr. 23 

May 3 

May 14 

May 23 

June 3 

June 13 

June 24 

July 2 

July 16 

July 26 

Aug. 5 

Aug. 15 

Aug. 26 

Sept. 7 

Sept. 17 

Sept. 27 

Oct. 7

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

« 

1

e

55 

70 

53 

37 

22 

16 

80 

230 

290 

210 

350 

375 

55 

20 

12 

37 

900 

730 

98 

27 

37 

9 

42 

20 

175 

250 

120

270 

63 

40 

40 

38 

38 

125 

90

143

Suspended matter.

46 

55 

46 

30 

27 

14 

84 

105 

590 

112 

235 

230 

43 

22 

9.2 

29 

402 

423 

133

38 

13 

58 

47 

175 

254 

133

195 

61 

32 

32 

30 

30 

122 

44

112

Coefficient offineness.

0.84 

.79 

.87 

.81 

1.23 

.87 

1.05 

.46 

2.04 

.53 

.67 

.61 

.78 

1.10 

.77 

.78 

.45 

.58 

1.36 

1.04 

1.03 

1.45 

1.38 

2.35 

1.00 

1.02 

1.11

.72 

.97 

.80 

.80 

.79 

.79 

.98 

.49

.95

(Fe). Total iron 

2.0 

2 4 

2 4 

1.4 

1 0 

1 1 

2 2 

3 5 

6 6 

3 9 

8.0 

11 

2.1 

.9 

.6 

1.1 

16 

15 

3 3 

1.2 

1.3 

.3 

1.0 

.6 

4 0 

6 3 

2 2 

1 9

6 7 

2 5 

1 2 

1.1 

1.5 

.7 

2 5 

1.6

3.4

(SiO Silica ).2

28 

26 

19 

20 

24 

17 

14 

16 

23 

27 

18 

17 

7.2 

14 

15 

11 

36 

5.0 

6.0 

24 

20 

13 

9.8 

4.8 

18 

18 

3.8

24 

19 

18 

12 

14 

22 

18 

22

17 

5.8

|

0.10 

.20 

.10 

Tr. 

.04 

.03 

.05 

.16 

.4 

-3 

.7 

1.1 

1.5 

.13 

.03 

.04 

.7 

.20 

.10 

.08 

.06 

.03 

.10 

.08 

.18 

.18 

.16 

.12 

.6 

.7 

.14 

.11 

.16 

.08 

.6 

.5

.27 

6.1

1

1

58 

57 

57 

67 

66 

73 

62 

54 

53 

57 

42 

37 

48 

77 

80 

70 

44 

42 

43 

72 

74 

64 

60

"35" 

52 

44 

56 

64 

63 

62 

52 

53

57 

19.4

(Mg). Magnesium 

17 

16 

16 

19 

22 

23 

21 

13 

13 

14 

8.2

12 

18 

22 

19 

12 

11 

12 

18 

20 

18 

23 

12 

10 

11 

12 

16 

13 

9.0 

12 

16 

17 

18 

16 

14

16 

5.4

Sodium andpotas- 

(Na+K). sium 

44 

40 

37 

36 

40 

49 

35 

14 

14 

18 

10 

10 

11 

22 

29 

25 

21 

14 

15 

20 

25 

25 

28 

26 

15 

16 

16 

26 

24 

14 

19 

21 

22 

29 

23 

27

24 

8.2

radicle Carbonate 

(COs).

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

5.8

.0 

.0 

5.8 

.0 

.0 

Tr. 

5.5 

.0 

.0 

6.0 

.0 

12 

11 

9.6 

9.6 

8.4 

Tr. 

8.4 

Tr.

Tr. 

.0 

.0 

Tr. 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

2.5 

29.7

 S «T 

3

178 

190 

192 

221

208

157 

159 

160 

134 

123 

151 

228 

242 

216 

128 

131 

102 

210 

214 

178 

172 

93 

95 

120

134 

181

157 

199 

228 

224 

229 

187 

177

173

Sulphate radicle 

(SO,).

44 

44 

43 

59 

68 

71 

80 

48 

47 

51 

33 

29 

37 

69 

74 

67 

40 

41 

43 

57 

63 

59 

58 

50 

34 

34 

30 

44 

34 

22 

33 

47 

50 

53 

44 

42

48 

16.3

radicle Nitrate 

(N0 ).8

2.2 

1.8 

1.8 

1.9 

1.7 

2.1 

4.0 

19 

13 

12 

11 

9.0 

4.5 

8,5 

6 0 

6.4 

8 0 

6.4 

4.8 

6.0 

3.0 

2.5 

.3 

.2 

4.0 

Tr. 

2.0 

Tr. 

5.5 

4.0 

2.2 

1.6 

2.2 

1.0 

1.8 

2.0

4.5 

1.5

(Cl). Chlorine 

91 

76 

71 

58 

79 

106 

85 

23 

24 

24 

12 

12 

14 

38 

58 

52 

26 

13 

28 

30 

44 

46 

44 

42 

19 

16 

14 

35 

29 

12 

23 

26 

26 

34 

31 

41

40 

13.6

1

W CO

-5 a

"8

397 

375 

350 

367 

416 

442 

404 

275 

277 

296 

214 

193 

262 

372 

410 

356 

266 

222 

216 

344 

373 

326 

320 

202 

180 

187 

162 

232 

283 

212 

267 

309 

310 

339 

289 

292

298

« Analyses September 9,1906, to March 10,1907, by R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; March 11 to October 7, 

1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts. 

6 FejO8.
72 SUKPACE WATERS EAST OP THE HUNDREDTH MEPIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Miami River at Dayton, Ohio.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 16

Sept. 26

Oct. 6

Oct. 16

Oct. 26

Nov. 5

Nov. 15

Nov. 25

Dec. 5

Dec. 15

Dec. 25

Jan. 5

Jan. 15

Jan. 25

Feb. 5

Feb. 15

Feb. 25

Mar. 27

Apr. 7

Apr. 17

Apr. 27

May 7

May 17

May 29

June 9

June 19

June 29

July 9

July 20

July 30

Aug. 9

Aug. 19

Aug. 29

Sept. 8

To 

Sept. 25

Oct. 5

Oct. 15

Oct. 25

Nov. 4

Nov. 14

Nov. 24

Dec. 4

Dec. 14

Dec. 24

Jan. 4

Jan. 14

Jan. 24

Feb. 4

Feb. 14

Feb. 24

Mar. 6

Apr. 6

Apr. 16

Apr. 26

May 6

May 16

May 28

June 8

June 18

June 28

July 8

July 19

July 29

Aug. 8

Aug. 18

Aug. 28

Sept. 7

Sept. 17

Mean............

Per ct. of anhydrous residue . .

tA

2'2

H

32

32

18

14

5

8

75

16

26

80

"216

450

75

45

11

260

37

25

25

20

18

37

240

280

75

90

"35

43

140

8

...

t

S

13

CD

1 

OQ

75

58

32

26

14

20

89

21

34

54

177

118

223

49

42

28

143

52

67

32

3b

35

79

186

252

75

168

351

234

125

77

48

46

130

94

8

<fl

"o .

"s *

r

i

2.34

1.81

1.78

1.86

2.80

2.50

1.19

1.31

1.31

.67

""."56

.5C

.65

.93

2.55

.55

1.41

2.68

1.28

1.80

1.94

2.14

.77

.90

1.00

1.86

1.31

1.07

.93

1.46

....

"oj

a

8

03 "o

3.1

.9

.4

.10

.15

Tr.

2.1

.5

.7

1.4

3.2

3.0

6.7

1.8

.5

.4

4.2

1.0

.3

.6

.4

.4

1.3

4.4

7.0

2.6

1.6

7.9

3.2

1.6

1.0

.9

.9

2.6

2.0

O

02

03

£

02

16

21

17

18

20

20

14

19

26

15

16

14

15

16

8.8

24

25

15

20

19

15

23

14

19

18

17

17

30

8.6

9.2

18

9.8

15

19

17

5.9

s

a

o

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

0.24

.05

.07

'.If2J

.5

.7

.6

.05

.06

.08

.12

.14

.11

.16

.11

.10

.19

.7

.12

.03

.35

.04

Tr

.03

.05

.04

.13

.15

6.1

'o?

"a

3

1 

O

58

65

63

65

66

69

64

75

75

64

68

50

42

61

6t

58

67

64

50

58

62

58

52

53

49

60

41:

51

2b

51

55

65

63

59

59

20.5

'So

|

1

§o i

28

28

26

27

28

29

27

2f

^c

23

24

17

14

23

26

25

25

 2'

2t

252'

2i

26

20

18

22

26

20

182'

2; 2'

2'

25

24

8.3

A

"°»7

&*4

ll

1?

'S'tn

O 

O2

10

9.0

9.6

9.0

11

9.8

9.8

7.4

8.2

6.8

7.1

6.5

7.1

8.8

8.0

6.9

7.4

8.0

8.4

3.5

6.3

3.3

3.0

12 11

11

8.2

14

12

12

11

12

14

13

9.0

3.1

CD

O

1L

<aO

1~

f!

~

0

9.0

9.0

.0

.0

8.2

Tr.

11

3.6

10

.0

.0

.0

.0

12

12

13

8.4

12

12

16

13

14

12

10

9.6

2.4

.0

.0

_ 1

. i

.1

_ I

j

.1

5.8

43.8

£ "3

 3

8^,

So 2o!~oW

o

s

264

280

297

301

291

317

250

278

269

239

272

184

161

229

215

212

24(

228

200

217

225

217

218

197

180

249

206

"323

287

251

244

5

o

13

03 ^i

^

ft

02

3?

CD

O

^ .

'-'O

-sf-i

1

0.9

&- 2. 8

3' 3.1

4' 2 9

41

41

40

60

62

5?

573";

23

44

51

42

49

44

44

41

39

40

41

34

27

33

37

32

S7

S9

S'

41fb

40

13.9

2.0

2.0

7.0

15

12

13

12

18

11

16

10

11

9.0

10.0

15

15

18' 19

15

15

17

6.2

1.2

6.4

Tr

1.5

1.5

.0

2.5

2.2

8.6

3.0

i

1o

1

5.0

5.8

5.0

5.0

5.5

5.3

4.3

4.0

4.7

3.0

3.5

3.6

3.4

4.1

3.8

4.1

3.8

4.6

5.4

4.2

3.8

4.3

3.8

4.8

3.8

4.8

4.2

2.4

.b

.6

1.4

5.4

5.8

4.8

4.1

1.4

 o

CD

O .

i!10 °

^3

300

318

309

317

327

335

304

346

355

296

318

238

212

301

282

298

320

299

282

298

297

292

275

264

252

283

240

254

163

258

273

331

304

289

288

3

"s

S3

&£0>

i

O>

s

0.7

.8

 6

.8

1.0

2.0

2.8

2 4

2.5

3.0

4.2

6.5

7.5

3.3

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.2

2.1

2 2

2.5

2.0

1.8

3.8

5.2

2.5

1.9

4.0

3.4

2.2

1.4

1.1

1.2

1.7

....

o Analyses September 9 to December 4, 1906, by R. B. Dole; December 5; 1906, to March 6, 1907, by R. 

B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; March 27 to June 28,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; June 29 to 

September 17,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Colllns. S
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 73

Mineral analyses of water from Lake Michigan at St. Ignace, Mich.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

Sept. 20...........

Oct. 20............

Nov.20.. .........

Dec. 20... ........

Jan. 20. ...........

Feb. 19............

Mar. 20............

Apr. 2}. ...........

May 20... .... ...

June 20...........

Aug. 20...........

Perct. of anhyjj,

3 

H

1

Tr

1

1

Tr

&

<s

 o 

a

0)

OQ

Tr

O 

5-

IS

_o 

w

17

9.2

9.5

10

6.2

12

14

8.4

9.5

8.6

11

10

8.5

t

I

HH

0.02

.02

.05 .'06

.04

.03

.03

.04

.03

.04

.04

.04

c 0

a 

o

1

o

27

25

26

26

25

26

27

26

28

26

22.2

.

M

CD

f

7.7

7.4

8.8

7.1

8.4

7.9

8.1

8.7

8.4

9.4

8.2

7.0

,

j^

ftw

^ M

"3 "3 

o w

4.9

4.4

3.4

4.7

3.2

5.4

5.0

4.7

5.4

6.fi

4.2

4.7

4.0

0>

o

"a

c"~"

o

1

5.9

 6.6

1.6

1.6

3.4

Tr.

.0

2.6

4.5

3.5

2.9

49. G

0)

.2

S 

50 

|g

_o

103

117

104

110

113

111

112

115

116

120

112

0)

0

 O

l2-

"3

OQ

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.2

6.2

7.6

7.9

9.5

7.8

7.7

7.4

7 °

6.1

03

O

"3 .

»-

<s

s

.30

.35

Tr.

.4

.35

.4

.3

.55

.4

0.3

0.3

(Cl) rine 

 > 6

2. 6

.6

Q

? 4

3 0

? 7

? 3

 o

0)

oa w

1 

H

17i

II 1)

108

110 121)

117

11!)

120 1°3

11s

"S-a

o>

ao^D

*

581. 08

580.85

580.72

580. 62

580.67

580.64

580. 67

580.83

581.07

581. 42

581.51

a Analyses by R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts.

6 Gaging station at Mackinaw, Mich., 5 miles away.

c FeaOa.
74 SUBFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HtJNDEEDTH MIUIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Minnesota River at Shakopee, Minn.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Sept 24 

Oct. 6 

Oct. 19 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 12 

Nov. 23 

Dec. 5 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 14 

Jan. 25 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 22 

Mar. 6 

Mar. 19 

Mar. 30 

Apr. 11 

Apr. 22 

May 3 

May 15 

May 28 

June 7 

June 19 

July 1 

July 13 

July 25 

Aug. 7 

Aug. 19 

Aug. 30 

Sept. 10 

Sept. 21

Per ct. 

drous

To 

Oct. 4 

Oct. 18 

Oct. 30 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 4 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 12 

Jan. 24 

Feb. 6 

Feb. 21 

Mar. 5 

Mar. 16 

Mar. 29 

Apr. 10 

Apr. 21 

Apr. 30 

May 14 

May 25 

June 6 

June 18 

June 29 

July 12 

July 24 

Aug. 5 

Aug. 17 

Aug. 29 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 20 

Oct. 1

of anhyTurbidity.

110 

75 

60 

80 

70 

70 

20 

10 

10 

5 

10 

10 

10 

275 

110 "ho

30 

30 

80 

175 

105 

80 

330 

155 

155 

240 

140 

140 

165

97

Suspended matter.

124 

83 

61 

110 

74 

76 

20 

8.0 

4.0

12

422 

142 

132

112 

288 

158 

144 

371 

236 

180 

256

113 

141

142

Coefficient offineness.

1.13 

1.11 

1.02 

1.38 

1.06 

1.08 

1.00 

.80 

.40

1.20

i. 54 

1.29

1.40 

1.64 

1.50 

1. SO 

1.12 

1.52 

1.16 

1.08

.81 

.85

1.18

Silica (SiOj).

28 

28 

24 

29 

29 

20 

24 

22 

26 

24 

28 

16 

18 

19 

13 

11 

22 

14 

16 

20 

26 

30 

27 

28 

27 

30 

25

32 

23

23 

5.0

Iron (Fe).

0.05 

Tr. 

.10 

Tr. 

.05 

.05 

Tr. 

.05 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.03 

.40 

.18 

.15 

Tr. 

.01 

.05 

.18 

.20 

.10 

.08 

.15 

.03 

.05 

.04 

.05 

.04 

.6

.09 

d.O

Calcium (Ca).

68 

77 

82 

84 

86 

97 

116 

ir,0 

121 

126 

102 

59 

69 

43 

45 

50 

72 

99 

94 

91 

78 

77 

78 

71 

71 

82 

66 

66 

77 

58

82 

17.9

Magnesium (Mg).

33

40

"38" 

37 

39 "hs

55 

57 

48 

26 

22 

19 

19 

25 

33 

42 

43 

40 

34 

32 

37 

31 

31 

37 

30 

29 

32 

19

35 

7.6

%4-» aa

13 + 

a 05 03 5,

=§ 8

EB

20 

21 

33 

27 

25 

32 

33

"36"

39 

22 

20 

15 

14 

23 

22 

26 

20 

18 

17 

19 

21 

27 

11 

27 

21 

15 

19

23 

5.0

Carbonate radicle 

(CO,).

0.0 

c9.6 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

c6.0 

.0

.0 

31.7

Bicarbonate radicle 

(HCOs).

270 

317 

331 

287 

329 

366 

444 

459

"w"

415 

201 °22 

154 

178 

212 

266 

294 

320 

284 

261 

278 

310 

287 

279 

334 

271 

236 

272 

200

296

Sulphate radicle

(soa

123 

126 

134 

184 

171 

182 

215 

206 

205 

211

177 

94 

118 

66 

82 

107 

128 

180 

203 

177 

153 

137 

140 

114 

112 

133 

106 

126 

112 

94

144 

31.4

Nitrate radicle 

(N0 ).3

1.8 

1.8 

1.3 

1.5 

.9 

.9 

2.6 

L4 

1.4 

1 3

5.5 

2.8 

2.3 

1.9 

1.8 

1.3 

7.8 

Tr. 

1.8 

1.9 

1.6 

1.2 

3.4 

2.7 

2.2 

1.5 

1.6 

.4 

1.4 

1.5

2.0 

.4

Chlorine (Cl).

3.5 

4.2 

6.5 

3.5 

4.1 

4.5 

7.5 

8.7 

11

10 

4.8 

1.4 

2.0 

2.0

2. 9 

3.7 

3.4 

2.5 

1.7

3.6 

7.4

5.8 

5.0 

1.9 

8.2 

3.0

4.7 

1.0

Total dissolved 

solids.

419 

469 

477 

536 

533 

580 

696 

688 

692 

722 

609 

337 

384 

2EO 

288 

359 

439 

527 

588 

553 

482 

447 

477 

419 

408 

481 

408 397* 

437 

312

480

I1 "°. 

®^J II

a 

3 

S

6.6 

4.6 

4.6 

6.4 

5.7 

4.7 

4.6 a4

3.2

2,8

as

6.0 

4.6 

7.8 

9.4 

7.6 

5.7 

5.3 

4.9 

6.3 

9.8 

13.1 

8.7 

7.2 

6.3

as 

as

4.2

ao

4.0

o Analyses September 24, 190fi, to February 6, 1907, by W. M. Barr; February 7 to March 5, 1907, by 

H. S. Spaulding; March 6 to September 9,1907. by Walton Van Winkle; September 10 to October 1,1907, 

by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Colling.

6 Gaging station at Mankato, Minn., 60 miles above.

c Abnormal; computed as HCO3 in the average.

d FeaO3.
ANALYTICAL BESULTS. 75

Mineral analyses of water from Mississippi River at Minneapolis, Minn.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 10 

Sept. 20 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 22 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 2 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 25 

Jan. 5 

Jan. 16 

Jan. 27 

Feb. 7 

Feb. IT 

Feb. 27 

Mar. 9 

Mar. 19 

Mar. ?.0 

Apr. 9 

Apr. 20 

Apr. 30 

May 14 

May 24 

June 3 

June 14 

June 24 

Jaly 4 

July 14 

July 24 

Aug. 3 

Aug. 13 

Aug. 23 

Sept. 2

Per ct. 

drous

To 

Sept. 19 

Sept. 30 

Oct. 10 

Oct. 21 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 1 

Dec. 12 

Dec. 24 

Jan. 4 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 26 

Feb. 6 

Feb. 16 

Feb. 26 

Mar. 8 

Mar. 18 

Mar. 28 

Apr. 8 

Apr. 19 

Apr. 29 

May 13 

May 23 

June 2 

June 13 

June 23 

July 3 

July 13 

July 23 

Aug. 2 

Aug. 12 

Aug. 22 

Sept. 1 

Sept. 11

of anhyTurbidity.

25 

10 

15 

10 

10-i r

10 

5 

10 

5 

5 

5 

10 

5

5 

5 

10 

15 

30 

10 

5 

5 

7 

5 

8 

5 

20 

20 

5 

10 

5 

10 

5 

5

10

Suspended matter.

19 

33 

29 

13

7.4 

13 

10 

6.0 

6. 4 

Tr. Tr.- 

Tr. 

2.4 

Tr. 

Tr. 

4.0 

2. 4

29 

30 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

24 

Tr.

Tr. 

7.6 

Tr. 

Tr.

7.9

Coefficient offineness.

0.76 

3.30 

1.93 

1.30 

.74 

.87 

1.00 

3.20 

.64

.24

.80 

.48

1.93 

1.00

1.20

"."76"

1.13

Silica (SiO ).5

33 

30 

19 

22 

21 

13 

12 

12 

13 

16 

17 

15 

14 16 

13 

16 

17 

11

12 

9.0 

9.0 

15 

12 

15 

12 

14 

12 

18 

20 

8.6 

5.2 

13 

17 

19 

15

15 

7.8

Iron (Fe).

0.10 

.10 

.10 

.05 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.05 

.08 

.10 

.06 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.06 

.10 

.10 

.05 

.05

.05 

.25 

.01 

.15 

.04 

.02 

.05 

Tr. 

.15 

Tr. 

.05 

.08 

.13 

.11 

.10 

.18 

.11

.07 

c.l

"oj

U_

'o

"46"

38 

41 

42 

38 

43 

46 

46 

47 

47 

41 

46 

45

46" 

43 

46

27 

26 

34 

33 

39 

35

"37" 

41 

44 

44 

43 

40 

38 

35 

37

40 

20.8

Magnesium (Mg).

13 

15

16 

15 

16 

16 

15 

1C. 

17

14 

16 

18 

10 

14 

16

8.8 

9.8 

12 

13 

13 

12 

12 

13 

15 "io"~

11 

14 

14 

12 

12

14 

7.3

fe3+

C3^

T3 « 

O 

CQ

15 

14

10 

9.2 

11 

11 

9.9 

7.6 

9.8 

13 

7.5 

11 

8.2 

12 

16 

17 

9.8 

9.6 

6.5 

7.3 

8.0 

7.0

7.9 

5.2 

5.7 

6.4 

11 

13 

12 

11 

7.5 

9.0 

11

10 

5.2

Carbonate radicle 

(CO ).S

0.0 

.0 

0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 .'0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

48.0

Bicarbonate radicle 

(HC0 )3

204 

182

196 

189

'215" 

218 

214 

208 

222 

222 

222 

220 

205 

222 

195 

147 

127 

127 

144 

156 

178 

165 

159 

171 

193

198 

206 

199 

173 

172 

185

188

Sulphate radicle 

(80,).

8.2 

20 

14 

25 

27 

18 

20 

25

28 

20

18

12 

24 

23 

15 

9.2 

17 

20 

20 

20 

18 

22 

19 

23 

16 

15 

8.6 

14 

14 

13 

10 

14

18 

9.3

radicle Nitrate 

(N0 ).3

0.8 

.9 

5.2 

.4 

.3 

Tr. 

.7 

.9 

1.8 

.9 

.9 

1.3 

1.1 

1.6 

2.0 

7.0 

4.6 

2.9 

1.9 

1.2 

1.1 

Tr. 

1.9 

.6 

.8 

1.2 

1.3 

1.1 

1.6 

.6 

1.1 

T. 

.4 

.4 

Tr.

1.4 

.7

Chlorine (C11.

0.9 

2.5

as

2.5 

2.0 

1.0 

1.6 

2.0 

1.9 

1.7 

1.5 

1.7 

2.0 

1.9 

l.P 

2.3 

1.5 

2.0 

2.2 

.3 

.4 

1.5

.2 

".T

a 3

1. £

3.1 

Tr. i.e

1.4

.4 

1.5

i.e

.?

dissolved oial'1 

solids.

225 

209 

194 

191 

203 

187 

206 

220 

220 

236 

217 

213 

206 

217 

214 

221 

218 

207 

155 

132 

160 

183 

180 

209 

205 

180 

233 

221 

206 

198 

197 

187 

185 

175 

173

200

1 

1

A

03- if

C3 <O

a

1.7 

2.5

ao

2.0 

2.2 

2.8 

2.6 

4.7 

9.6

~6.~2 

4.5 ai

2.3 

1.7 

2.9 

3.3 

4.0 

2.6 

1.3 

1.0 

.8 

.7 

1.1 

1.4 

.6

o Analyses September 10, 1906, to February 16, 1907, by W. M. Barr; February 17 to 26, 1907, by H. S. 

Spaulding; February 27 to September 11,1907, by Walton Van Winkle. 

& Oagin? station at Anoka, Minn., 20 miles above. 

« Fe2O3 .
76 SURFACE WATERS EAST OP THE HUNDREDTH MEPIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Mississippi River at Memphis, Tenn.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1907-8).

From 

Jan. 10 

Jan. 21 

Jan. 31 

Feb. 10 

Feb. 20 

Mar. 2 

Mar. 12 

Mar. 22 

Apr. 1 

Apr. 11 

Apr. 21 

May 1 

May 11 

May 21 

May 31 

June 11 

June 21 

July 1 

July 11 

July 21 

July 31 

Aug. 10 

Aug. 20 

Aug. 30 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 19 

Sept. 29 

Oct. 9 

Oct. 19 

Oct. 29 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 20 

Dec. 2 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 23

Per ct. 

drous

To 

Jan. 20 

Jan. 30 

Feb. 9 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 1 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 21 

Mar. 31 

Apr. 10 

Apr. 20 

Apr. 30 

May 10 

May 20 

May 30 

June 9 

June 20 

June 30 

July 10 

July 20 

July 30 

Aug. 9 

Aug. 19 

Aug. 29 

Sept. 8 

Sept. IS 

Sept. 28 

Oct. 8 

Oct. 18 

Oct. 28 

Nov. 9 

Nov. 19 

Dee. 1 

Dee. 12 

Dec. 22 

Jan. 1

of anhyTurbidity.

420 

350 

340 

270 

420 

425 

680 

550 

960 

680 

550 

1,150 

375 

485 

420 

1,600 

1,300 

1,400 

1,000 

425 

900 

950 

600 

600 

280 

270 

220 

240 

270 

240 

230 

230 

180 

170 

265

556

Suspended matter.

353 

239 

264 

216 

324 

355 

615 

505 

740 

485 

415 

816 

386 

4S4 

332 

1,421 

1,161 

1,244 

1,185 

1,389 

797 

888

45i 

307 

316 

203 

221 

198 

316 

203 

215 

187 

160 

265

519

Coefficient offineness.

0.84 

.68 

.78 

.80 

.77 

.84 

.90 

.92 

.77 

.71 

. 76 

.71 

1.03 

1.00 

.79 

.89 

.89 

.89 

1.18 

3.26 

.89 

.93

.75 

1.10 

1.17 

.92 

.92 

.73 

1.32 

.88 

.93 

1.04 

.94 

1.00

.97

iron (Fe). Total 

10 

10 

7.4 

8.8 

11 

8.8 

7.9 

13 

8.0 

3.5 

7.9

(SiOs). Silica 

40 

39 

34 

37 

36 

34 

43 

40 

34 

22 

24 

31

31 

19 

10 

19 

12 

16 

13 

14 

16 

21 

22 

17 

22 

24 

23 

14 

21 

20 

21 10 ' 

5.6 

24 

26

24 

11.5

Iron (Fe).

0.7 

.7 

.20 

.7 

1.2 

.8

.'7 

1.3 

1.3 

1,4

1.6 

1.1 

.12 

.05 

1.6 

.18 

.30 

.11 

.08 

.20 

.13 

.17 

.16 

.14 

.22 

.5 

.37 

.12 

.52 

.42 

.07 

.24 

.56

.61 

£.4

(Ca). Calcium 

32

29 

32 

43

37 

27 

29 

?A

26 

30

"42

36 

46 

49 

41 

37 

39 

41 

36 

38 

3J 

39 

35 

36 

43 

42 

36 

33 

36 

33

36 

17.3

i

w03

a03 

%

14 

17

9.0 

18 

17 

12

12 

' 11

8.4 

15

9.7

12 

12 

14 

11 

15 

12 

9.3 

12 

13 

12 

12 

12 

10 

10 

13 

13 

13 

11 

10 

12 

10

12

5.7

Sodium andpotas- (Na+K). sium 

13 

13 

13

28 

21 

28 

24 

21 

21 

22 

17 

13 

20 

16 

17 

18 

28 

18 

14 

17 

16

19 

9.1

Carbonate radicle 

(COs).

0.0

:!

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

»8.4 

67.2 

& 7. 2 

Tr.& 

67.2 

63.6 

67.2 

Tr.6 

68.4 

&13 

Tr.6

.0 

30.5

radi- Bicarbonate 

(HCO cle ).3

146 

129

CO

90 

112 

112 

10?

90

115 

115 

104

95

95 

93 

122 

153

"ISO

i72 

143 

144 

149 

144 

130 

146 

145 

142 

134 

159 

159 

127 

106 

115 

124

129

radicle Sulphate 

(S0 ).4

36 

36 

46 

03 

53 

50 

67 

67 

41 

52 

47 

40 

33 

34 

37 

34 

34 

40 

39 

43 

29 

32 

35

43 

W 6

Nitrate radicle 

(NOs).

0.3 

.5 

.4 

.5 

.6 

.5 

.3 

.9 

.2 

1.6 

1.8 

1.1 

2.9 

5.5 

5.3 

4.9 

4.9 

5.3 

2.2 

2.4 

1.8 

4.0 

4.6 

1.7 

1.2 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.20 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

1.7 

1.5

1.7

8

Chlorine (Cl).

6.0 

7.0 

7.0 

5.5 

7.0 

10 

9.5 

9.5 

12 

6.5 

8.0 

9.0 

5.0 

5.1 

6.3 

5.9 

5.5 

8.7 

6.0 

12 

9.0 

6.8 

8.0 

8.5 

8.4 

11 

9.8 

9.4 

9.6 

11 

14 

16 

9.0 

9.6 

9.6

8.6 

A 1

dissolved Total 

solids.

198 

209 

168 

165 

186 

205 

172 

162 

188 

156 

161 

174 

188 

169 

188 

247 

231 

245 

246 

250 

205 

220 

236 

207 

204 

218 

219 

198 

208 

235 

257 

200 

162 

201 

195

202

a i

& 4J bo 0) 03 <D

M^.

0

9 ' a

32.8 

34.9 

39.5 

28.7 

18.0 

25.8 

29.7 

34.2 

32.9 

23.6 

21.5 

24.7 

30.8 

25.8 

19.2 

27.3 

28. 2 

21.9 

17.8 

22.9 

22.9 

17.0 

14.8 

14.1 

11.8 

10.1 

10.0 

10.9 

9.9 

7.0 

9.0 

12.0 

11.6 

8.4 

13.5

.....

aAnalyses January 10 to May 10, 1907, by Jas. B. Evans; May 11 to September 8, 1907, by Walton Van 

Winkle; September 9,1907, to January 1,1908, by B. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average. 

c Fe2O3 .
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 77

of water from Mississippi River at New Orleans, La. « 

[Parts per million,-unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1905-6).

From 

Apr. 29 

May 7 

May 14 

May 21 

May 28 

June 4 

June 11 

June 18 

June 25 

July 2 

July 9 

July 16 

July 23 

July 30 

Aug. 6 

Aug. 13 

Aug. 21 

Aug 27 

Sept. 3 

Sept. 10 

Sept. 17 

Sept. 24 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 8 

Oct. 15 

Oct. 22 

Oct. 29 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 12 

Nov. 19 

Nov. 26 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 17 

Dec. 24 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 7 

Jan. 14 

Jan. 21 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 4 

Feb. 11 

Feb. 18 

Feb. 25 

Mar. 4 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 18 

Mar. 25 

Apr. 1 

Apr. 8 

Apr. 15 

Apr. 22

Mea.n

To 

May 6 

May 13 

May 20 

May 27 

June 3 

June 10 

June 17 

June 24 

July 1 

July 8 

July 15 

July 22 

July 29 

Aug. 5 

Aug. 12 

Aug. 20 

Aug. 26 

Sept. 2 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 16 

Sept. 23 

Sept. 30 

Oct. 7 

Oct. 14 

Oct. 21 

Oct. 28 

Nov. 4 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 18 

Nov. 25 

Dec. 2 

Dec. 9 

Dec. 16 

Dec. 23 

Dec. 30 

Jan. 6 

Jan. 13 

Jan. 20 

Jan. 27 

Feb. 3 

Feb. 10 

Feb. 17 

Feb. 24 

Mar. 3 

Mar. 10 

Mar. 17 

Mar. 24 

Mar. 31 

Apr. 7 

Apr. 14 

Apr. 21 

Apr. 28

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

0

S

1

a

GQ

9.5 

8.2 

8.6 

8.8 

8.8 

11 

12 

14 

14 

11 

11 

10 

12 

13 

15 

11 

12 

11 

11 

10 

13 

16 

16 

10 

12 

12 

13 

9.3 

10 

9.6 

11 

12 

9.4 

8.0 

6.8 

9.2 

9.2 

7.6 

9.2 

9.2 

7.8 

9.8 

11 

9.2 

13 

10 

12 

11 

9.2 

9.3 

8.0 

11

11

7.1

?

5- 

a

S

0.11 

.12 

.10 

.25 :io

.06 

.10 

.12 

.06 

.11 

.13 

.12 

.11 

.13 

.15 

.27 

.26 

.30 

.21 

.10 

.15 

.21 

.10 

.09 

.08 

.09 

.10 

.09 

.08 

.11 

.08 

.11 

.15 

.13 

.13 

.12 

.10 

.09 

.11 

.12 

.10 

.11 

.10 

.10 

.12 

.10 

.18 

.15 

.15 

.14 

.13 

.13

c.13 

c.l

3 

I

a

1

a

3

0.63 

.44 

.72 

.42 

.54 

.59 

.72 

.76 

.67 

.34 

.30 

.20 

.29 

.32 

.27 

.40 

.23 

.28 

.24 

.43 

.53 

.93 

.43 

.33 

.55 

.36 

.27 

.41 

.41 

.29 

.42 

.37 

.18 

.28 

.32 

.47 

.38 

.25 

.37 

.33 

.29 

.34 

.27 

.32 

.44 

.35 

.50 

.42 

.37 

.29 

.35 

.24

c.40 

c.5

1a"

D

3

O

29 

28 

32 

30 

33 

31 

33 

34 

35 

35 

34 

33 

32 

33 

32 

32 

32 

33 

1 33 

32 

34 

39 

33 

30 

33 

39 

42 

34 

32 

35 

33 

39 

42 

33 

29 

31 

31 

32 

28 

29 

28 

27 

28 

30 

35 

35 

30 

31 

30 

29 

27 

29

32 

20.6

"3

a

5 

a ffi

i

a

7.5 

6.7 

7.9 

7.1 

7.7 

7.1 

7.3 

8.1 

8.9 

9.0 

8.5 

8.1 

7.7 

8.5 

7.8 

8.0 

8.2 

8.7 

9.0 

8.8 

9.1 

10 

8.9 

6.8 

8.7 

11 

12 

10 

9.0 

10 

9.5 

12 

12 

9.1 

7.6 

7.8 

8.0 

8.0 

6.7 

7.0 

6.8 

6.6 

7.0 

8.1 

10 

10 

8.0 

8.0 

7.8 

7.2 

7.0 

7.2

8.4 

5.4

&x S*

sg

l-a

GQ

12 

13 

14 

19 

19 

14 

12 

14 

14 

15 

18 

18 

15 

21 

10 

19 

14- 

17 

21 

16 

15 

21 

17 

13 

14 

15 

15 

14 

11 

12 

13 

16 

16 

11 

11 

11 

9.4 

11 

8.3 

8.5 

7.8 

7.8 

8.4 

9.7 

11 

10 

9.6 

9.4 

9.5 

7.9 

8.3 

9.9

13

8.4

eo "3

L

.go

oSQ 

§^

 a

o

. - J. . .

......

.0

34.7

a?O IBO-~ '

H-8 03 O 

O

3

98 

100 

100 

103 

110 

105 

115 

122 

125 

125 

116 

110 

108 

116 

111 

115 

115 

122 

120 

118 

126 

132 

117 

106 

118 

140 

151 

123 

115 

117 

126 

142 

145 

115 

94 

98 

100 

102 

92 

91 

91 

85 

91 

105 

125 

116 

96 

98 

98 

91 

92 

92

111

£ *3

^

3<i rt^ a 

l

22 

23 

27 

23 

25 

24 

23 

24 

25 

30 

36 

35 

28 

36 

29 

27 

24 

26 

29 

26 

24 

30 

27 

18 

20 

23 

25 

22 

21 

23 

25 

24 

29 

22 

20 

20 

18 

23 

19 

18 

17 

18 

18 

18 

21 

26 

22 

21 

20 

18 

17 

20

24 

15.4

to 

o 

 O .

 25

V*

4-3T

g

.2.1 

2.1 

2.1 

2.1 

2.1 

2 1 

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

2.8 

2.8 

2.7 

2.6 

2.7 

2.3 

2.3 

2.4 

2.5 

2.4 

2.3 

2.5 

2.4 

2.6 

2.3 

2.3 

2.2 

3.0 

2.8 

3.2 

3.0

2

0 ' 

. o

2.8 

2.7 

3.0 

2.8 

2.3 

2.5 

2.7 

2.6 

2.7 

2.5 

2.3 

2.2 

2.2 

2.7 

2.8 

2.9 

2.8 

2.9 

2.1 

3.0 

2.5

2.5 

1.6

o,

a?

.3

o

3

o

9.2 

11 

10 

11 

8.3 

7.5 

7.3 

9.8 

9.4 

9.9 

7.7 

12 

7.6 

10 

10 

11 

8.0 

13 

17 

10 

10 

18 

12 

7.8 

8.8 

11 

11 

11 

9.4 

11 

11 

15 

14 

9.5 

11 

11 

8.2 

11 

6.5 

8.2 

6.3 

6.8 

7.0 

8..0 

10 

8.7 

8.4 

7.3 

9.0 

5.3 

4.8 

6.1

9.7 

6.2

-o£ 

1 

B'rt "o

03 

O

EH

14,5 

150

15r 

158 

16i> 

15i? 

15' 

17(5 

178 

18,5 

18? 

183 

168 

19,5 

180 

179 

169 

18,5 

199 18" 

19,5 

210 

190 

157 

170 

192 

210 

168 

158 

169 18' 

207 

215 

172 

149 

150 

US 

15'7 

13ft 

13? 

130 13" 

139 

150 

168 

165 

144 

145 

142 

132 

130 

137

166

-3 

go

.§0

SJIs

PH

13 

25 

15 

38 

22 

16 

8.0 

15 

44 

9 

47 

30 

3 

47 

32 

15 

17 

20 

62 

20 

51 

21 

13 

22 

20 

10 

19 

31 

30 

39 

23 

23 

24 

33 

39 

18 

26 

28 

46 

44 

50 

37 

35 

31 

33 

48 

44 

45 

42 

52 

41 

45

I

CD 

***>.

gjj

a

l_

10.5 

10.6 

11.9 

12.3 

13.2 

13.9 

13.7 

12.3 

10.9 

10.7 

11.5 

11.9 

11.4 

11.2 

10.3 

9.1 

7.4 

7.4 

7.3 

4.8 

3.2 

4.8 

7.6 

5.4 

2.8 

1.9 

3.5 

5.2 

5.1 

4.7 

3.5 

2.8 

5.7 

8.4 

7.5 

8.0 

8.9 

10.5 

10.7 

11.4 

12.5 

12.4 

10.3 

7.3 

7.1 

9.8 

11.6 

8.0 

12.5 

13.4 

14.2 

15.5

a Analyses by J. S. Porter, chemist, New Orleans water and sewerage board. 

* Gaging station at Carrollton, La., 5 miles above.
78 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Missouri River near Florence, Nebr.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7.)

From 

Oct. 1

Oct. 11

Oct. 21

Nov. 1

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 2

Dec. 14

Dec. 25

Jan. 4

Jan. 15

Jan. 27

Feb. 7

Feb. 17

Feb. 28

Mar. 14

Mar. 24

Apr. 3

Apr. 14

Apr. 25

May 5

May 15

May 25

June 4

June 14

June 25

July 5

July 15

July 25

Aug. 4

Aug. 14

Aug. 24

Sept. 4

Sept. 14

Sept. 24

Oct. 4

Mean

To 

Oct. 10

Oct. 20

Oct. 31

Nov. 10

Nov. 20

Nov. 30

Dec. 13

Dec. 23

Jan. 3

Jan. 13

Jan. 26

Feb. 6

Feb. 16

Feb. 27

Mar. 12

Mar. 23

Apr. 2

Apr. 12

Apr. 23

May 4

May 14

May 24

June 3

June 13

June 24

July 4

July 14

July 24

Aug. 3

Aug. 13

Aug. 23

Sept. 3

Sept. 13

Sept. 23

Oct. 3

Oct. 14

Per ct. of anhydrou 3 residue

.

s'

'2

5

2.400

1,080

880

1,470

625

350

325

80

90

120

230

40

110

1,400

750

2,700

2,700

3,330

3,600

3,800

3,100

1,460

7,200

4,000

2,800

3,200

4,000

3,600

1,600

2,000

1,000

900

1,200

1.000

900

1,000

1,726

o>

1

 d

o> a

ft

3

&2

2,776

911

1,303

1,495

730

460

352

80

80

140

220

68

83

2,691

1,520

2,854

2,968

3,511

4,071

4,026

2,514

1,624

7,726

5,900

4,286

3,203

5,554

2,977

1,816

1,989

1,180

1,580

968

847

812

797

2 

' 059

A 

a<a 

"o .

"*~* CO

p 111 .2 a

o

SE

$

o

1.16

.84

1.48

1.02

1.17

1.32

1.08

1.00

.89

1.17

.96

1.70

.75

1.92

2.03

1.06

1.10

1.06

1.13

1.06

.81

1.11

1.08

1.47

1.53

1.00

1.39

.83

1.14

.99

1.18

1.75

.81

.85

1.16

.80

1.16

^

O

£

o

 3

CO

30

18

44

36

27

29

24

25

23

23

28

34

27

36

37

39

16

43

55

67

21

41

16

10

76

21

20

16

19

21

26

25

33

36

35

33

01 

OX

7.0

"aT

a

0

0.20

.05

.6

.5

.5

.20

.18

.10

.05

.05

.10

Tr.

.15

1.2

1.4

2.0

1.0

.7

1. 2

.65

.35

.8

.10

.18

1.2

.07

.9

.13

.04

.05

.04

.38

.06

.10

.35

.14

.44

(2.2

C3*

^J

^

.5

"a

O

53

88

68

73

82

94

92

102

91

82

97

96

80

50

56

51

45

54

61

53

52

56

58

58

59

61

51

50

49

47

66

46

48

48

54

54

65

14.6

^

S

3

'w

<u

a

I?s

17

37

25

25

30

30

38

38

33

30

27

32

27

13

13

18

10

15

17""

18

16

16

12"

16

12

7.9

14

20

14

13

13

17

14

20

4.5

£

|5

sg.

.i §

'o'w

01

57

34

72

53

57

45

51

58

52

60

60

50

38

38

38

62

49

58

56

50

43

56

56

50

40

51

44

50

44

37

36

42

40

44

46

49

11.0

Si "

1 -

42O

CQ Ua -

o

c§

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

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c4.8

c7.2

c4.8

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22.5

3

od

ta^

aW o '

OS'S

o

5

215

'23i'

247

298

305

337

300

270

309

310

251

154

156

156

160

176

162

152

163

177

164

164

162

166

152

161

171

163

262

146

158

146

150

161

203

a> "o

1

SH .

i-

-Si

"ft "3

02

197

178

175

184

195

212

211

237

222

199

233

224

178

132

143

144

153

128

204

217

154

167

197

190

180

.....

179

113

108

110

81

96

115

113

.....

i34

168

37 8

£

T3 .

_s?

og. ITa&

1.3

.9

.3

1.0

.9

1.8

.9

1.0

.9

.9

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.6

2.6

2.9

1.2

1. 2

1.5

1.2

S. 6

1.1

1.7

3.8

3.8

1.8

3.1

5.0

5.5

2.0

1.6

.9

.9

.7

Tr.

1.2

1.8

4

3

a>

a

1

o

8.0

8.7

9.0

8.7

9.1

9.5

12

12

14

14

15

15

12

6.2

5.5

8.7

10

7.1

6.9

6.0

6.9

8.2

4.6

6.2

6.1

5.0

7.0

7.6

14

6.0

8.8

7.0

8.4

7.8

9.6

8.9

2.0

 a

'o

*3 'O

-H!

o

H

442

467

496

526

543

597

565

663

608

545

615

620

499

340

403

393

394

402

540

548

390

435

455

444

530

"416

325

340

326

353

300

322

332

362

373

454

1

£ -a*

O "'^

sJp*"1

s

^

7.1

6.2

6.7

6.4

5.8

5.1

4.7

3.7

io.4

12.6

12.0

12. 2

12.8

11.5

11.0

10.3

14.0

14.8

15.9

15.8

16.6

16.9

15.2

13.3

11.9

10.6

9.7

9.2

8.8

8.5

a. Analyses October 1,1906, to February 6,1907, by W. M. Barr; February 17 to 27,1907, by H. S. Spaulding; February 28 to September 13,1907, by Walton Van Winkle; September 14 to October 14,1907, by R. B. 

Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 Gaging station near Omaha, Nebr., 5 miles below.

? Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average.
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 79

Mineral analyses of water from Missouri River near Kansas City, 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date.

(1906-7.)

From 

Oct. 4

Oct. 14

Oct. 24

Nov. 3

Nov. 13

Nov. 23

Dec. 3

Dec. 13

Dec. 23

Jan. 3

Jan. 13

Jan. 23

Feb. 3

Feb. 13

Feb. 23

'Mar. 6

Mar. 16

Mar. 26

Apr. 5

Apr. 15

Apr. 25

May 5

May 15

May 25

June 4

June 14

June 24

July 5

July 15

July 25

Aug. 4

Aug. 14

Aug. 24

Sept. 3

Sept, 13

Sept. 23

Oct. 4

Oct. 14

Mean

To 

Oct. 13

Oct. 23

Nov. 2

Nov. 12

Nov. 22

Dec. 2

Dec. 12

Dec. 22

Jan. 2

Jan. 12

Jan. 22

Feb. 2

Feb. 12

Feb. 22

Mar. 5

Mar. 1$

Mar. 25

Apr. 4

Apr. 14

Apr. 24

May 4

May 14

May 24

June 8

June 18

June 23

July 4

July 14

July 24

Aug. 3

Aug. 13

Aug. 23

Sept. 2

Sept. 12

Sept. 22

Oct. 2

Oct. 13

Oct. 21

Per ct. of anhydroUK> residue

3

1PE-i

2,500

900

1.230

1,500

870

475

500

300

190

350

270

140

35

1,020

1,400

1,500

3,450

2,150

2,800

3,600

3,800

2,800

1,200

3,850

5,350

3,200

4,000

4,400

3,600

2,000

2,700

2,400

2,000

1,700

1,200

1,075

1,100

1,000

1,909

i"S

s

T3

O) ift

3

GO

2,231

942

1,680

1,470

840

577

547

319

222

374

247

96

24

1,316

1,730

1,896

2,867

2,619

2,826

3,496

3,938

2,350

1,952

4,204

6,611

4,719

3,982

4,676

3,147

3,458

3,013

2,651

1,677

1,376

878

791

792

668

2,032

a<o

Jig

0} fl 'o

O)

o

0.89

1.05

1.36

.98

.97

1.21

1.09

1.06

1.17

1.07

.91

.69

.68

1.29

1.24

1.26

.83

1.22

1.01

.97

1.04

.84

1.62

1.10

1.24

1.48

1.00

1.06

.87

1.73

1.12

1.12

.84

.81

.73

.74

.72

.67

1.04

O

3

03

;=:

m

31

26

33

31

38

30

38

30

41

39

35

41

43

70

74

41

65

55

62

41

89

47

49

43

20

26

25

22

24

15

22

21

18

20

27

27

26

28

37

9.0

& 

a

*

0.30

Tr.

.5

.40

.40

.20

.40

.40

.12

.40

.35

.08

.20

2.8

.20

1.4

2.1

2.1

2.4

.5

1.8

3.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

.10

1.2

.05

.48

Tr.

.30

.28

.05

.03

.33

.26

1.0

.28

.73

d.2

'S

0,

1

0

60

69

64

69

75

77

77

85

91

78

79

90

84

61

56

52

"53"

68

"58

"53"

56

57

53

47

46

44

44

45

45

53

53

53

56

62

15.0

"So

"a

I

aa

^

19

21

21

22

24

22

21

27

29

26

23

30

28

22

17

15

10

15

11

20

16iv"

14

14io"

13

12"

14

14

12

10

12

11

9.8

18

4.4

'oM^

 §i *5

0 "

OQ

49

40

"49"

50

53

51

55

49

52

55

68

61

43

37

39

41

42

55

60

48

43

46

52

56

45

46

38

3729'

"si"

38

36

43

45

44

10.7

J2

-5

 go f§

1"

§

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

cTr.

cTr.

.0

24.2

3

s-'A

sjO

His .1°

M

198

215

217

219

236

270

275

307

334

265

265

326

328

156

164

164

157

168

162 "ieo"

176

171

161

157

178

159

157

183 "ise"

152

155

171

167

171

180

202

[3"5

C £

f

3

02

138

154

128

150

164

158

146

175 "iss"

159

176

167

"i22"

123

"i37"

179

171

176

170

168

168

131

143

103

101

99

95

92

87

105

108

110

120

135

32.8

O)

o

 3 .

£Q

fc

2.2

.4

2.2

2.2

.9

.4

1.8

.9

1.3

2.6

3.1

2.2

2.2

4.4

1.7

3.4

1.9

2.5

2.2

3.0

Tr.

5.3

3.5

3.9

.7

2.6

3.5

3.7

4.1

3.4

3.0

.9

1.3

1.6

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.3

2.2

.5

3

'g

3

0

13

13

15

13

13

15

17

20

22

18

18

23

24

16

8.5

9.5

11

6.3

8.7

9.5

11

11

12

14

8.5

8.4

8.8

8.3

6.7

6.0

5.5

7.0

11

13

13

17

16

13

3.2

0)

rg

1|

 a §

^

419

438

426

447

486

495

510

525

580

503

493

579

590

454

414

392

435

362

440

462

549

478

394

460

424

418

406

383

316

323

295

291

293

307

337

339

349

389

426

-----

1,

3

1?C3 S 

bog,

a

03 

0

^ _

8.5

7.2

8.7

9.0

8.6

7.6

7.0

4.5

4.5

7.4

6.3

5.1

5.2

10.2

13.5

12.0

13.5

12.7

13.1

13.2

12.0

11.3

10.1

13.0

17.7

17.8

18.6

19.8

22.6

19.1

16.5

13.8

11.1

9.9

8.5

8.3

8.6

7.6

-----

a Analyses October 4,1906, to February 12,1907, by W. M. Barr; February 13 to 22,1907, by H. S. Spaulding; February 23 to September 12, 1907, by Walton Van Winkle; September 13 to October 21, 1907, by 

R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 Sampling station above the entrance of Kansas River; gaging station below that stream,

c Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average,

<* Fe8O3 .
80 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Missouri River near Ruegg, Mo.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 27

Oct. 8

Oct. 19

Oct. 29

Nov. 8

Nov. 18

Nov. 29

Dec. 10

Dec. 21

Jan. 1

Jan. 11

Jan. 21

Jan. 31

Feb. 10

Feb. 20

Mar. 2

Mar. 12

Mar. 23

Apr. 3

Apr. 13

Apr. 23

May 4

May 14

May 24

June 5

June 16

June 26

July 6

July 17

July 27

Aug. 7

Aug. 18

Aug. 28

Sept. 7

Sept. 17

Sept. 27

Mean

To 

Oct. 7

Oct. 17

Oct. 28

Nov. 7

Nov. 17

Nov. 27

Dec. 9

Dec. 20

Dec. 31

Jan. 10

Jan. 20

Jan. 30

Feb. 9

Feb. 19

Mar. 1

Mar. 11

Mar. 21

Apr. 2

Apr. 12

Apr. 22

May 3

May 13

May 23

June 4

June 15

June 25

July 5

Julv 16

July 26

Aug. 6

Aug. 17

Aug. 27

Sept. 6

Sept. 16

Sept. 26

Oct. 6

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

~ ' 3

2

3

B

1,800

1,900

930

1,150

1,650

780

500

425

300

375

550

1,400

350

400

1,400

1,000

2,000

1,970

2,600

4,000

3,200

2,300

1,500

2,800

4,800

4,250

3,600

3,600

4,000

3,300

3,900

2,600

1,000

1,280

1,000

900

1,931

J

1

Q

1

3

02

1,784

1,461

972

1,210

1,208

885

527

464

327

296

427

1,566

326

436

1,894

1,626

2,016

2,435

2,389

3,249

3,070

2,320

2,270

2,369

6,332

1,251

4,002

3,937

4,429

2,460

3,346

2,500

1,321

1,050

994

889

1,890

§<a

*o

II

o

$O

0.99

.77

1.04

1.05

.73

1.14

1.06

1.09

1.09

.79

.78

1.12

.93

1.09

1.35

1.62

1.01

1.24

.92

.81

.96

1.01

1.52

.84

1.33

.29

1.11

1.10

1.12

.74

.86

.96

1.32

.82

.99

.99

1.02

^

O 

53

I

=5

02

29

29

46

23

21

24

28

29

27

25

31

49

22

30

14

41

27

56

46

47

48

33

17

28

16

18

23

16

18

20

17

19

28

28

36

29

8.5

 £

"-"

§

£

Tr.

0.20

.10

.20

.25

.20

.5

.30

.30

.40

.80

1.4

.45

.45

22

1.7

.7

1.8

1.0

1.6

1.6

1.2

.20

.20

.10

.40

"."25

.19

.10

.01

.14

.06

.19

.06

.51

<Z.2

"c?

O,

1

O

41

54

66

67

68

69

56

69

70

"~54

01ol

40

67

58

48

50

42

50

51

51

46

39

""52

55

54

45

49

43

40

39

46

46

50

53

52

15.3

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g.

CO<D

1

12

13

19

22

22

19

29

24

26

24

19

11

14

20

16

15

11

13

14

15

16

15

10

14

15

8.4

8.6

12

i2

12

14

12

14

14

16

4.7

i . ®M 51 "!"

si

ll

02

31

38

55

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42

31

35

40

36

31

28

21

31

35

32

27

39

34

45

38

28

- 18

36

39

44

36

37

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40

31

32

38

38

37

36

10.6

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0.0

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c4.8

c4.8

C9.6

.0

25

 3

*'3

a>O

11"Sa

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PQ

134

195

232

225

"226

227

245

288

268

188

127

"184

159

164

"i49

173

151

144

130

185

160

151

149

159

176

144

141

141

153

156

167

173

178

.....

 3''B

i-i .

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82

134

126

135

126

104

10?

11A

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92

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97

94

88

112

96

125

146

102

68

98

14*

135

95

" 77

87

90

8f

81

V

Sf

o

"& ^

So 

gS-

£

^

"2."6

1.3

1.3

2.4

1.8

.9

2.2

2.6

2.2

3.2

4.1

3.0

4.0

4.5

3.7

4.1

1.1

3.4

5.0

2.0

3.6

4.1

3.0

6.6

2.7

5.0

1.9

5.5

2.7

2.7

2.2

1.1

1.3

1.5

& 1.4

in. 1U 9 £i, Qy

30.f .8

zz

I

S

Q

14

12

18

21

15

16

16

18

21

14

10

8.4

18

14

12

11

14

8.9

10

9.3

7.6

6.7

11

9.2

6.9

6.3

7.0

5. 5

6.0

7.3

7.3

10

14

14

17

12

3.5

 s

"o

 2 

1

3o

^

291

363

445

424

442

421

383

429

438

420

342

262

274

378

348

292

319

345

350

401

413

342

271

317

385

354

306

333

315

282

285

254

277

300

319

351

346

....

1

&a

If

1

^ __

10.3

7.6

6.6

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.3

5.2

6.9

10.6

14.6

8.1

7.6

11.0

10.4

12.9

11.2

11.2

11.1

11.7

13.4

14.1

10.4

15.9

15.6

17.4

15.8

18.6

16.0

13.2

11.5

9.1

8.0

7.0

6.8

.....

o Analyses September 27, 1906, to February 19, 1907, by W.M.Barr; February 20 to March 1, 1907, by 

H. S. Spaulding; March 2 to September 6,1907, by Walton Van Winkle; September 7 to September 16, 

1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 Gaging station at Hermann, Mo., 70 miles above.

c Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average.

e*Fea03.
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 81

Mineral analyses of water from Monongahela River at Elizabeth, 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

,

From 

Aug. 25

Sept. 4

Sept. 14

Sept. 24

Oct. 4

Oct. 14

Oct. 24

Nov. 3

Nov. 13

Nov. 23

Dec. 3

Dec. 13

Dec. 22

Jan. 3

Jan. 13

Jan. 23

Feb. 2

Feb. 12

Feb. 22

Mar. 4

Mar. 14

Mar. 25

Apr. 4

Apr. 14

Apr. 24

Mav 4

Mav 14

May 24

June 3

June 13

June 23

July 4

July 14

July 24

Aug. 3

Aug. 13

Aug. 23

Mean

To 

Sept. 3

Sept. 13

Sept. 23

Oct. 3

Oct. 13

Oct. 23

Nov. 2

Nov. 12

Nov. 22

Dec. 2

Dec. 12

Dec. 21

Jan. 2

Jan. 12

Jan. 22

Feb. 1

Feb. ll

Feb. 21

Mar. 3

Mar. 13

Mar. 24

Apr. 3

Apr. 13

Apr. 23

Mav 3

May 13

May 23

June 2

June 12

June 22

Julv 3

Julv 13

July 23

Aug. 1

Aug. 12

Aug. 22

Sept. 2

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

^

' 3 

2.

rj

H

42

34

9

10

18

29

31

42

85

75

60

"47

80

350

21

110

27

28

190

350

50

12

45

65

45

37

40

45

180

38

70

285

205

39

70

90

82

1

S

73

"^

t

fl

02

50

26

16

9

25

25

34

27

94

54

81

183

54

93

362

24

106

39

35

123

362

47

28

61

83

66

49

52

61

140

36

66

280

158

40

76

41

84

*3 .

a 03

0) £3

18

Q

1.19

.76

1.78

.90

1.39

.86

1.10

.64

1.10

.72

1.35 "i.'is

1.16

1.03

1.14

.96

1.45

1.25

.65

1.03

.94

2.33

1.36

1.28

1.47

1.32

1.30

1.36

.78

.95

.93

.98

.77

1.02

1.08

.45

1.11

 j

a

M

 3

|

2.7

2.0

.1

1.1

3.1

3.4

2.3

3.3

6.3

3.0

3.7

5.6

2.5

3.5

17

1.8

6.1

2.8

2.3

4.4

7.5

2.5

1.6

2.8

2.6

2.1

2.5

2.1

1.9

40

2.3

3.2

13

5.3

2.6

1.9

3.5

3.7

?

33g"

'£%

oa

13

7.4

7.2

6.2

4.8

9.6

7.4

5.4

5.2

7.6

5.6

6.2

5.6

4.4

8.2

6.0

5.4

5.8

5.6

6.0

18

5.4

7.8

8.8

8.8

17

18

12

7.4

11

2.2

11

14

9.8

10

7.0

8.4

8.4

10.8

.

©

a

|

1.0

.5

Tr.

.4

1.1

.9

.9

.7

.4

.8

.5

.56

.25

.5

.7

.07

.19

.12

.25

.26

1.0

.1

.06

.46

.9

.46

.33

.95

.21

.28

.05

.28

1.4

.46 ~28

.35

.6

.49

c.9

1

rl

1ra

O

12

15 *16

16

12

12

10

13

15

10

10

8.6

10

9.8

8.0

12

11

13

10

9.6

11

14

18

11

8.8

11

11

13

11

17

14

12

8.2

11

13

13

12

12

15.5

'So

a

 s

|

1

2.2

2.4

4.0

4.2

2.8

2.0

3.0

2.6

2.8

1.4

3.6

2.4

3.0

3.0 "i'e

.6

2.0

1.4

.4

.6

3.2

3.0

1.8

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

.8

1.8

2.4

2.0

1.0

1.8

2.8

2.8

2.2

2.2

2.8

£ .

'SQ'

llrt " '

1|

73 '55

OQ

9.6

9.4

11

12

6.2

6.3

6.3

7.2

7.9

5.8

6.0

46

5.4

46

49

6.5

5.5

6.5

5.5

5.2

8.5

6.6

12

6.3

5.5

6.8

9.6

9.4

7.2

8.5

5.2

8.5

6.6

7.7

9.3

.....

7.3

9.4

1

"i

&3 OSQ

r03

o

0.0

.0

.0.t)

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

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.0

.0

.0

.0

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.0

.0

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.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

11.5

^

HX.

!|

 " <£>

c?

ffl

23

22

8.7

48

16

17

21

12

9.8

20

15

15

15

15

22

9.8

12

17

15

18

19

16

11

16

18

23

23

22

22

50

20

21

21

17

13

32

18

......

1

'*'$

osS afOQ

34

45

61

64

40

32

28

40

42

21

28

19

27

24

18

44

32

37

32

22

26

44

65

33

20

25

27

32

26

24

37

34

15

22

 37

38

28

33

42.6

ID

o

So

$&

-P

g

0.7

.6

1.2

.6

.5

1.5

1.2

1.8

1.6

2.6

1.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.5

1.7

2.5

2.1

2.1

1.9

2.0

Tr.

2.5

2.8

3.0

1.8

1.5

1.8

1.5

3.0

Tr.

2.7

2.8

2.5

2.0

3.5

1.0

1.8

2.3

Q

OD

 g

J~|

o

2.8

3.5

4.7

4.8

3.8

3.4

3.0

3.4

41

2.6

3.5

1.9

2.9

2.4

3.4

2.4

1.7

2.9

2.9

1.7

2.P

2.f

4.2

3.5

2 f

3.0

3.4

2.P

3. f

3.e 3.e

3. f

2.S

2.f

4.? 4.e

3.2

4.2

 O

 f

" w

 0^3=3

w

1o

H

94

97

118

121

94

83

74

82

90

66

69

56

63

64

77

80

64

73

66

54

83

85

119

78

63

80

81

87

70

96

79

90

76

72

85

86

82

81

S

th

|J

J&.JIJ g~

1

8.60

7.02

7.36

7.75

8.13

9.06

7.91

7.06

7.46

8.37

11.02

1456

12.40

13.25

2496

9.14

12.44

10.18

10.42

13.12

20.00

8.22

7.28

10.04

11.15

10.82

9.43

8.05

11.19

11.50

7.50

9.14

14.53

11.23

7.90

6.85

9.40

o Analyses August 25 to October 23, 1906, and from November 3 to December 2, 1906, by R. B. Dole; 

October 24 to November 2, 1906, and from December 3, 1906, to April 3, 1907, by E. B. Dole and M. G. 

Roberts; April 4 to September 2,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts.

6 Gaging station at Lock No. 4,10 miles above.

cFe2O3.

§404 I»B 236 09 6
82 SURFACE WATEES EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio.® 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 3

Sept. 14

Sept. 24

Oct. 4

Oct. 14

Oct. 24

Nov. 3

Nov. 14

Nov. 25

Dec. 5

Dec. 16

Dec. 28

Jan. 10

Jan. 21

Mar. 9

Apr. 6

Apr. 21

May 1

May 11 June 2

June 19

July 5

July 21

Aug. 2

Aug. 12

Aug. 22

Sept. 1

Mean. ...........

To 

Sept. 13

Sept. 23

Oct. 3

Oct. 13

Oct. 23

Nov. 2

Nov. 13

Nov. 24

Dec. 4

Dec. 15

.Dec. 27

Jan. 4

Jan. 20

Mar. 4

Mar. 31

Apr. 20

Apr. 30

May 10

June 1

June 18

July 4

July 20

July 31

Aug. 11

Aug. 21

Aug. 31

Sept. 10

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

^

i

s

S

130

100

70

85

48

45

24

80

32

150

"85

480

17

215

42

81

105

3

110

260

62

2

48

35

96

$"3

a d 

£

fl

1

3 03

78

26

53

62

41

45

17

58

30

111

85

87

121

71

56

31

152

40

129

84

52

100

225

28

11

43

30

70

1

"o

"rt m

2§

0

1

0.60

.26

.76

.73

.85

1.00

.71

.74

.94

.72

"."84

.12

1.82

.71

.95

1.59

.90

17.33

.91

.87

.45

5.60

.90

.86

1.71

-j.

a

S,

3

S

3.5

2.9

2.2

2.9

2.6

1.4

0.7

1.8

1.4

5.6

3.9

7.2

11

3.2

17

5.8

1.8

2.3

4.0

1.0

4.0

7.7

1.1

0.3

1.4

1.0

O. q oA

0

s

03

53

15

23

32

15

13

27 

14

12

11

15

10

7.6

13

11

18

9.0

25

15

16

12

12

10

11

11

7.6

11

14

6.0

I*

a

1

0.10

.30

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.06

.03

.06

.16

.23

.19

.14

.75

.19

.20

.11

.25

.23

.09

.18

.5

.18

.4

.10

.06

lj

'S

0

a

1S3

o

47

55 ,

58

55

52

53

60

55

41

37

35

32

22

37

28

44

36

38

26

26

30

42

28

46

58

58

.161 64

10 A3 « J.C ' *ivk

6.1 18.5

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ffl

1

10

12

13

11

12

11

13

11

9.8

8.4

8.4

6.0

3.6

7.6

9.8

7.0

8.4

8.8

7.6

9.6

9.2

5.8

9.0

12

12

12

9.5

4.1

£ . ~°14

tRHjF 03 f-i

.s| o'S 

03

27

27

36

46

"33"

36

33

19

20

14

12

7.1

12

14

22

19

17

21

17

24

19

14

21

31

38

23

9.9

S

V

HC3

P s _ ,

103

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

5.3

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

3.6

.0

.0

.0

4.8

17

.0

.0

.0

.0

2.4

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.0

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Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

1.3

25.0

' d

Sx,

$6

E^-

lo

3

136

155

154

182

136

160

168

111

96

92

86

S

a f-i .

CtJ^-

 a v

1

40

41

52

53

51

50

49

50

43

40

38

611.....

89 1

36

117

93

102

76

70

127

83

130

160

145

156

115

35

45

39

40

42

35

42

38

26

36

45

50

51

43

18.5

0>

O

 d . OS'5

HO

s5- !~"

1

0.2

.9

.0

2.1

"1.0 1.9

1.0

1.1

3.0

4.5

3.6

3.8

4.2

3.7

2.1

1.5

1.6

1.5

.0

1.5

.0

1.2

.8

.8

.4

.5

.4

1.6

0.7

u"s

 c

o

6

60

71

"es"

62

77

~38~~

"29"

28

13

29

19

36

29

28

36

24

46

38

20

37

65

.....

.....

40

17.2

 d

sL

1"3

1

281

314

356

339 '334

305

326

301

216

207

182

169

128

192

160

225

207

197

187

181

188

227

150

223

296

328

373

244

rl 

S's

 £< . 

c*? 

tuo fl? §>s

§5

8.1

7.8

8.1

9.0

8.8

8.6

8.2

10.2

9.5

11.3

11.4

13.6

18.6

11.7

17.0

10.3

13.5

11.1

11.3

11.8

8.9

9.5

12.6

8.8

8.0

8.1

7.8

a Analyses September 3 to October 23,1906, by R. B. Dole; October 21 to March 31,1907, by R. B. Dole 

and M. G. Roberts; April 6 to September 10,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts, 

6fe20s.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 83

Mineral analyses of water from Neuse River at Raleigh, N. G.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 1

Oct. 11

Oct. 21

Nov. 1

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 1

Dec. 11

Dec. 21

Dec. 31

Jan. 10

Jan. 20

Jan. 30

Feb. 9

Feb. 19

Mar. 1

Mar. 12

Mar. 22

Apr. 1

Apr. 11

Apr. 22

May 3

May 13

May 23

June 3

June 13

June 23

July 3

July 13

July 24

Aug. 3

Aug. 13

Aug. 23

Qont DO L> I. 9£i

Sept. 12

Sept. 22

Mean

To 

Oct. 10

Oct. 20

Oct. 30

Nov. 10

Nov. 20

Nov. 30

Dec. 10

Dec. 20

Dec. 30

Jan. 9

Jan. 19

Jan. 29

Feb. 8

Feb. 18

Feb. 38

Mar. 10

Mar. 21

Mar. 31

Apr. 10

Apr. 21

May 2

May 12

May 22

June 1

June 12

June 22

July 2

July 12

July 23

Aug. 1

Aug. 12

Aug. 22

Sept. 1

Sept. 11

Sept. 21

Oct. 1

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

>>

 M

1

O

^

14

14

24

10

11

9

11

26

45

17

11

8

15

29

"33"

is

48

27

81

82

28

53

100

325

325

, 48

160

120

540

70

40

170

30

120

78

1

£j d

,3"O

a

2

w

13

11

18

5.8

7.6

5.8

3.8

16

29

9.0

6.8

3.4

10

18

72

12

7720'

45

19

73

67

39

57

96

247

280

50

333

82

428

26

37

11Q 1.1O

28

76

68

*

5"5 .

a 1

"§to 3

s

0

0.93

.78

.75

.58

.69

.64

.34

.61

.64

.53

.62

.42

.67

.62

"~36~

i.'ii

.94

.70

.90

.82

1.40

1.08

.96

.76

.86

1.04

2.08

.68

.79

.37

.92

.66

.93

.63

.79

"aT

fe

a

.=g

3O

EH

0.9

.5

.8

.8

.9

.5

.4

1.4

2.1

1.3

1.0

.9

1.3

1.5

3.9

2.1

2.8

1.0

1.8

1.3

2.7

2.4

1.3

1.8

1.8

7.4

13

1.6

1.9

1.6

7.0

2.6

2.6

14

3.5

7.0

2.8

^

0

33

^

=5

S3

25

27

25

2021'

21

22

22

22

21

22

21

20

22

22

22

26,

22

16

39

23

28

30

22

32

24

39

24

24

24

43

32

26

OOQQ

28

29

26

37.7

^

©

a

O

ti

0.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.65

1.8

.9

.8

.6

.8

1.4

1.7

2.0

2.6

.6

1.3

1.2

2.0

2.1

.95

.9

1.7

2.0

3.7

.9

1.8

1.5

5.2

2.2

.66

O. 0 -I X

.8

2.0

1.4

c2.9

"3"

Si

H

1

5.2

5.6

6.0

7.2

5.4

0.0

5.6

6.4

6.0

5.6

6.8

6.4

6.2

5.8

5.6

5.0

4.8

6.0

5.8

6.8

6.4

6.0

6.2

6.4

5.4

5.6

8.2

6.6

4.8

6.4

3.8

5.8

6.8

4.8

6.4

5.4

5.9

8.6

gs-'

|

1

1

1.8

1.2

1.2

1.8

1.6

2.0

1.8

1.6

2.4

1.6

*-. 8

2.6

2.6

1.8

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.4

1.8

1.8

.8

.8

2.0

3 0

1.9

3.' 4"

2.4

1.8

2.6

«X.

I?sl

ll

o'w

O2

7.1

7.2

7.9

8.2

7.7

8.2

8.0

8.0

6.5

6.8

7.9

7.8

6.3

6.0

6.0

7.6

6.9

6.8

8.2

8.8

8.8

9.3

11

10

8* 2

12

9.1

8.5

6.3

5.4

5.7

7.6

9.4

7.9

7.9

11.5

3

03

<~z*

1"18

'-

O

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

62.4

.0

.0

.0

.0

64.8

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

25.0

J.

03 .

OO

Q CS

o "

5

"39"

44

39

37

40

41

37

32

35

39

40

37

36

23

25

23

28

33

40

32

32

29

35

34

28

50

37

35

37

18

30

38

32

44

34

35

-----

qj

3

H .

fflO

-Sffi 03 ^-s 'E

^3

cc

2.6

1.0

1.2

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.1

2.3

1.8

3.5

2.8

2.8

3.1

4.9

3.3

4.6

2.0

4.1

3.6

4.8

3.5

2.8

3.3

4.4

4.3

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.9

7.6

3.8

4.6

3

0 

. O

3.6

3.9

3.4

4.9

*

o

^^

H<5

£7; 2~

 tn

^

0.0

Tr.

.0

.2

.2

Tr.

.0

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.7

.5

.6

.0

.5

.5

1.0

.7

Tr.

.9

.0

1.2

Tr.

.0

Tr.

.8

.6

.5

.6

.6

.5

.5

.3

.4

5,

®

|

3

0

3.8

3.8

4.6

5.0

4.6

5.2

4.8

5.8

6.5

6.5

5.9

5.9

.....

~4.Y

4.1

3.5

3.8

5.0

5.4

4.2

4.6

4.2

3.8

3.6

3.0

4.6

3.6

3.0

3.2

3.8

3.2

4.2

4.2

3.8

4.4

6.4

 a 

» >

w .

"32

g

~"

QEH

68

66

68

69

63

65

65

68

74

68

66

65

67

72

79

76

85

63

62

93

77

82

78

66

90

79 ""ri

74

75

.

89

75

81

84

73

a Analyses October 1 to December 10, 1906, by R. B. Dole; December 11, 1906, to March 31, 1907, by 

R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 1 to July 2, 1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts- July 3 to 

October 1,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Coiling.

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOj in the average.
84 SURFACE WATERS EAST OP THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from North Platte River near North Platte, NebrP 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 10 

Sept. 20 

Oct. 2 

Oct. 15 

Oct. 25 

Nov. 4 

Nov. 14 

Nov. 24 

Dec. 4 

Dec. 14 

Dec. 24 

Jan. 3 

Jan. 13 

Jan. 23 

Feb. 3 

Feb. 13 

Feb. 23 

Mar. 5 

Mar. 16 

Mar. 26 

Apr. 5 

Apr. 15 

Apr. 25 

May 5 

May 15 

May 25 

June 4 

June 14 

June 24

Per ct. 

drous

To 

Sept. 19 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 14 

Oct. 24 

Nov. 3 

Nov. 13 

Nov. 23 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 23 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 12 

Jan. 22 

Feb. 1 

Feb. 12 

Feb. 22 

Mar. 4 

Mar. 15 

Mar. 25 

Apr. 4 

Apr. 14 

Apr. 24 

May 4 

May 14 

May 24 

June 3 

June 13 

June 23 

June 30

of anhyTurbidity.

120 

110 

90 

85 

290 

240 

150 

130 

160 

140 

150 

20 

20 

150 

150 

300 

210 

240 

165 

1,840 

800 

675 

440 

165 

370 

680 

350 

375 

290

307

matter. Suspended 

91 

117

68 

71 

275 

154 

129 

116 

118 

115 

122 

12 

14 

117 

138 

330 

148 

148 

119 

1,715 

585 

436 

426 

187 

608 

1,036 

697 

534 

381

311

of fine-Coefficient ness.

0.16 

1.06 

.75 

.84 

.95 

.64 

.86 

.89 

.74 

.82 

.81 

.60 

.70 

.78 

.92 

1.10 

.70 

.62 

.72 

.93 

.73 

.64 

.97 

1.13 

1.64 

1.52 

2.00 

1.42 

1.32

.95

Silica (SiO ).s

63 

50 

42 

50 

25 

43 

44 

48 

52 

43 

35 

36 

37 

30 

34 

45 

31 

30 

56 

52 

43 

41 

38 

40 

35 

34 

26 

13

40 

13.5

o> 

& 

a 

1

0.10 

1.1 

.10 

.15 

.15 

.30 

.40 

.20 

.35 

.15 

1.2 

Tr. 

.05 

.12 

.12 

.10 

.15 

.08 

Tr. 

.05 

.10 

.30 

.55 

.20 

.22 

.40 

.48 

.18 

.05

.26 

M

(Ca). Calcium 

i

50 

40 

46 

41 

40 

50 

46 

50 

51 

47 

52 

56 

54 

46 

52 

47 

52 

47 

52 

43 

44 

38 

39 

42 

41 

38 

43 

39

46 

15.6

'3

a

0>1

a

8.6 

17 

11 

11 

11 

11 

12 

11 

16 

15 

14 

14 

15 

14 

9.5 

12 

12 

14 

13 

11 

11 

12

11 

10 

7.9 

9.4 

6.2 

5.1

12 

4.1

Sodium and potas- (Na+K). sium 

28 

36 

29 

31

27

35 

35 

37 

39 

37 

37 

41 

39 

31

34 

36 

34 

30 

26 

28 

24 

23 

31 

26 

21 

32 

26

32 

10.8

Carbonate radicle 

(CO.).

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

27.5

Bicarbonate radi- (HCO ).cle 3

161 

167 

168 

155 

155 

169 

189 

168 

179 

205 

178 

198 

212 

187 

162 

146 

170 

167 

186 

146 

145 

145 

135 

144 

156 

146 

137 

148 

156

165

S 

o

-5 

2^

a)O §02

03 "" '

102

54 

114 

63 

72 

62 

69 

91 

78 io2"

88 

97 

102 

84 

76 

41 

82

'86" 

112 

77 

84 

67 

68 

63 

59 

58 

56 

54

76 

25.7

Nitrate radicle 

(N0 ).8

Tr. 

1.8 

.4 

Tr. 

1.0 

1.3 

.4 

.4 

1.3 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.4 

.2 

.0 

.7 

2.8 

1.6 

.9 

.4 

.8 

1.8 

.7 

.5 

1.1 

1.9 

1.8 

5.0 

6.2 

 1.3

1.2 

.4

Chlorine (Cl).

5.0 

6.7 

6.1 

7.9 

5.7 

9.2 

9.0 

6.7 

8.0 

9.2 

8.1 

9.5 

9.4 

11 

7.3 

6.7 

7.0 

10 

9.0 

4.0 

6.7 

7.3 

4.8 

5.5 

4.5 

5.3 

4.7 

4.4 

2.5

6.9 

?.3

Total dissolved 

solids.

262 

285 

277 

289 

264 

292 

327 

300 

333 

372 

306 

326 

359 

351 

272 

270 

309 

331 

319 

331 

314 

285 

258 

264 

272 

260 

246 

249 

219

295

4J

3> 

0> a .

03 G)

a

1

1.9 

2.0 

1.9 

2.0 

2.4 

2.4 

2.1 

2.2

"2."5 

2.4 

2.5 

2.3 

2.4 

3.2 

3.4 

3.3 

3.6

....

o Analyses September 10, 1906, to February 12, 1907, by W. M. Barr; February 13 to 22,1907, by H. S. 

Spaulding; February 24 to June 30,1907, by Waltou Van Winkle.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 85

Mineral analyses of water from Oconee River near Dublin, Ga.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 18 

Oct. 28 

Nov. 7 

Nov. 18 

Nov. 28 

Dec. 8 

Dec. 19 

Jan. 4 

Jan. 16 

Jan. 27 

Feb. 7 

Mar. 2 

Mar. 12 

Mar. 22 

Apr. 1 

Apr. 11 

Apr. 25 

May 5 

May 15 

May 25 

June 4 

June 14 

June 24 

July 4 

July 15 

July 25 

Aug. 4 

Aug. 15 

Aug. 26 

Sept. 8 

Sept. 28 

Oct. 8

Mean

To 

Oct. 27 

Nov. 6 

Nov. 17 

Nov. 2i7 

Dec. 7 

Dec. 17 

Jan. 3 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 26 

Feb. 6 

Feb. 18 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 21 

Mar. 31 

Apr. 10 

Apr. 24 

May 4 

May 14 

May 24 

June 3 

June 13 

June 23 

July 3 

July 14 

July 24 

Aug. 2 

Aug. 13 

Aug. 24 

Sept. 7 

Sept. 17 

Oct. 7 

Oct. 17

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

Turbidity.

55 

75 

85 

85 

80 

155 

160 

105 

38 

80 

40 

240 

110 

35 

75 

185 

95 

200 

100 

350 

375 

400 

230 

350 

400 

650 

400 

425 

290 

400 

350 

40

208

Suspended matter.

23 

51 

28 

65 

52 

94 

125 

85 

32 

59 

36 

204 

100 

28 

65 

176 

75 

206 

69 

232 

220 

275 

266 

354 

233 

504 

266 

460 

205 

328 

379

171

Coefficient fine- of

ness.

0.42 

.68 

.33 

.76 

.65 

.61 

.78 

.81 

.84 

.74 

.90 

.85 

.91 

.80 

.87 

.95 

.79 

1.03 

.69 

.66 

.59 

.69 

1.16 

1.01 

.58 

.77 

.66 

1.08 

.71 

.82 

1.08

.78

(Fe). iron Total 

6.1 

15 

16 

16 

12 

15 

9.6 

28 

19 

34 

16 

24 

15 

3.5

......

(SiO ).Silica 2

29 

32 

31

24 

26

31

28

20 

30

26 

22 

34

16

24 

20

20

16

18 

18 

21 

22 

11 

10 

15 

13 

17 

14 

21 

18 

18 

16 

15

21 

30.2

Iron (Fe).

0.6 

2.0 

9

.40 

.5

.7 

1 o

.5 

.9 

.8 

1.0 

1.1

.6

1.6 

1.3

2.4 

1 »

2.5 

.42 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.02 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.02 

.6

.68 

cl.4

(Ca). Calcium 

9.0

11 

8.8

8.8

12

8

0

5.7 

14 

12 

5.6 

7.6

9.6

12 

9 6

10 

7.0

10 

7.8 

7.7 

6.6 

6.3 

6.6 

6.6 

7.1 

6.3 

5.9 

7.2 

6.9 

6.4 

11 

8.5

8.5 

12.2

(Mg). Magnesium 

1.2 

.8 

1.2

1.2 

1.6

.8

Tr. 

4.4

1.2 

Tr.

1 ?

1.6 

1.6

2.4 

1.6

1.6 

2.2 

2.0 

2.2 

2.1 

3.2 

1.6 

1.9 

1.9 

1.2 

.9 

1.1 

1.1 

1.7 

1.9

1.6

2.3

Sodium andpotas- 

(Na+K). sium 

.....

ll' 

7.9 

8.1 

8.3 

9.4 

6.2 

8.1 

7.9 

10 

7.9 

12 

8.3 

9.2

8.8 

12.6

Carbonate radicle 

).(C08

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

64.8 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0

26.1

radi- Bicarbonate 

(HCO cle ).3

33 

39 

32 

32 

34 

49 

27 

20 

51 

56 

20 

27 

32 

41 

32 

34 

24 

34 

44 

43 

45 

38 

34 

37 

27 

34 

32 

40 

40 

41 

54 

50

37

3 

.2

f

GQ

"s-T

6.2 

5.6 

6.0 

8.1 

4.9 

7.5 

6.3 

6.1 

5.4 

5.0 

5.5 

7.4 

7.5

6-2

8.9

radicle Nitrate 

(N0 ).8

0.4 

.4 

.7 

.1 

.7 

.9 

.8 

.4 

1.1 

1.2 

.5 

.6 

.4 

.3 

.2 

.4 

.3 

.2 

4.0 

1.5 

1.0 

Tr. 

.6 

3.2 

.6 

2.3 

2.0 

4-2 

.7 

1.0 

1.7 

Tr.

1.0 

1.4

(CD. Chlorine 

4.0 

4.0 

2.0 

4.0 

4.5 

4.8 

5.0 

4.0 

4.2 

3.0 

5.0 

2.5

4io

6.5 

5.0 

2.5 

4.5 

2.2 

2.6 

1.9 

1.4 

1.8 

2.4 

3.1 

3.4 

2.9 

3.1 

2.4 

2.6 

4.9 

2,8

3.4 

4 9

dissolved Total

solids.

76 

83 

68 

70 

78 

89 

83 

61 

94 

85 

60 

69 

50 

73 

64 

66 

48 

61 

70 

68 

69 

51 

54 

57 

62 

62 

55 

74 

62 

63 

84

68

|

WJ m

as

i 3

1.4 

.6

.8 

1.9 

.9 

1.7 

3.1 

3.4 

1.4 

4.3 

7.5 

6.9 

3.2 

1.6 

1.6 

3.3 

5.4 

4.0 

1.9 

1.4 

.9 

1.0 

2.4 

1.6 

.8 

2.7 

.9 

2.0 

.7 

1-0 

3.9 

.4

« Analyses Octoiber 18,1906, to May 14, 1907, by J. R. Evans; May 15 to October 17,1907, by R. B. Dole, 

Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6 Abnormal; computed as HCO in the average.
SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH

Mineral analyses of water from Ocmulgee River near Macon, Gafl 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 19

Oct. 29

Nov. 8

Nov. 18

Nov. 28

D6O 8

Dec! 21

Jan. 5

Jan. 17

Jan. 27

Feb. 6

Feb. 16

Feb. 26

Mar. 8

Mar. 18

Mar. 28

Apr. 7

Apr. 17

Apr. 27

May 7

May 17

May 27

June 6

June 16

June 27

July 12

Aug. 3

Aug. 13

Aug. 24

Sept. 10

Sept. 20

Oct. 1

Oct. 12

Mean

To 

Oct. 28

Nov. 7

Nov. 17

Nov. 27

Dec. 7

Dec. 17

Jan. 4

Jan. 16

Jan. 26

Feb. 5

Feb. 15

Feb. 25

Mar. 7

Mar. 17

Mar. 27

Apr. 6

Apr. 16

Apr. 26

May 6

May 16

May 26

June 5

June 15

June 26

July 11

July 21

Aug. 12

Aug. 22

Sept. 9

Sept. 19

Sept. 30

Oct. 10

Oct. 21

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

£

3

^

35

49

50

65

60

75

30

60

40

240

75

40

210

55

35

25

30

560

450

204

45

310

226

410

670

J

1

1

a

g

02

27

14

18

26

24

46

20

42

28

189

60

33

178

46

27

23

29

511

416

158

31

234

179

241

527

416 '331

1,100

580

550

270

400

180

35

230

807

552

414

133

260

90

32

174

1*B 

*O

j_j w TI w

§§

o

1

O

0.77

.29

.36

.40

.40

.61

.67

.70

.70

.79

.80

.83

.85

.84

.77

.92

.97

.91

.92

.77

.69

.75

.79

.59

.79

.79

.73

.95

.75

.49

.65

.50

..91

.72

'£

a 

S

"o

H

... . .

'.....

.....

.....

2!""

35

16

10

8.9

2.6

1.1

O

a

_o

S3

12

32

30

30

26

29

26

18

21

34

32

33

38

15

14

27

23

21

24

31

25

26

23

25

23

32

7.5

21

16

41

29

42

28

26

39.8

'a?

&-

a

&

0.6

.5

.20

.30

.9

7

.9

.8

.8

1.8

.8

.7

1.4

.8

1.0

1.2

2.1

1.7

1.4

1.1

2.0

1.2

1.2

2.4

2.0

1.6

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.9

62.0

"0?

3

1

o

5.6

5.2

8.3

7.5

8.1

9 6

4.4

3.6

3.6

4.6

7.6

8.0

6.8

6.0

9.6

11

9.2

5.5

4.5

6.7

5.7

4.9

5.7

4.1

6.5

8.1

5.0

5.8

5.8

6.4

5.1

5.7

4.7

6.3

9 6

"So

g.

|

1

1

^

1.6

.8

Tr.

1.2

1.6

1 ?:

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

2.4

Tr.

1.6

Tr.

0.8

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

1.2

.8

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.4

1.5

2.2

1.5

1.8

1.8

2.3

1.8

1.8

1.4

1.2

18

& .

1+

ll

02

.....

.....

..... io""

8.1 11

4.4

6.9

6.3

7.5

6.8

11

6.6

7.4

11

11

8.1

8.3

W 7

~o

H

|<5

o'"' s

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

21 2

 3

C3 .

S-l ^-v

po

2 °

«

20

22

27

22

25

W,

15

12

12

24

27

22

20

29

34

29

24

15

40

43

"37"

31

31

41

24

40

32

38

34

37

30

28

1

<pO if 2-

f*

02

.....

.....

.....

"3." 3"

2.0

5.9

4.9

4.8

5.2

6.8

4.7

4.3

47

5.8

6.4

5.5

4.9

7.5

4>

o

iS "£

"i^

£

fc

0.1

.5

.5

.2

.6

.8

.1

.5

.4

.5

.4

.3

1.2

.6

.5

.7

.8

1.6

1.8

1.0

.3

.4

.4

1.1

.7

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

.9

1.0

.7

.6

.7

1.1

O,

8n g

O

a0

4.0

3.0

1.5

1.8

1.5

1.7

4.0

3.5

2.0

*> £

2!o

1.5

3.5

3.0

3.5

3.5

4.0

2.5

3.0

5.0

4.0

2.5

3.0

4.0

3.5

4.0

1.4

1.8

2.6

1.0

2.3

3.0

3.2

2.8

4.3

09

 si

 A

-t^> 

o

^

50

66

77

72

77

75

56

88

46

64

58

57

71

47

52

70

64

48

50

96

85

91

78

86

84

94

35

64

53

87

70

85

70

69

+3

a

'53

|fs"

03

^

3.7

2.9

3.0

4.0

2.8

3.3

5.4

4.3

3.3

7.2

7.8

4.0

8.9

5.0

3.4

3.1

3.4

7.7

5.3

4.5

3.0

3.1

2.8

2.5

4.3

2.2

2.7

3.3

1.7

1.1

3.7

1.6

.9

o Analyses October 19, 1906, to May 6, 1907, by J. R. Evans; May 7 to July 21, 1907, by W. D. Collins; 

August 3 to October 21, by B. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.
ANALYTICAL KESTJLTS. 87

Mineral analyses of water from Oostanaula River near Rome,Ga.a 

[Parts per million, unless Otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 21 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 20 

Dec. 2 

Dec. 12 

Dec. 22 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 11 

Jan. 21 

Feb. 1 

Feb. 11 

Feb. 21 

Mar. 5 

Mar. 15 

Mar. 25 

Apr. 4 

Apr. 14 

Apr. 24 

May 3 

May 14 

May 24 

June 6 

June 16 

June 27 

July 8 

Aug. 7 

Aug. 17 

Sept. 27 

Oct. 7 

Oct. IS

Mean

To 

Oct. 30 

Nov. 9 

Nov. 19 

Dec. 1 

Dec. 11 

Dec. 21 

Dec. 31 

Jan. 10 

Jan. 20 

Jan. 31 

Feb. 10 

Feb. 20 

Mar. 4 

Mar, 14 

Mar.1 24 

Apr, 3 

Apr.i 13 

Apr' 23 

May 2 

May 13 

May 23 

June 5 

June 15 

June 26 

July 7 

July 17 

Aug. 16 

Aug. 26 

Oct. 6 

Oct. 17 

Oct. 28

Per ct. of anhydrous residue .

Turbidity.

25 

40 

140 

125 

95 

105 

70 

65 

25 

30 

40 

4 

165 

45 

25 

12 

65 

60 

260 

220 

150 

340 

200 

180 

415 

370 

260 

260 

125 

45 

10

128

h

48

-d 

1

B

02

IS 

14 

120 

96 

69 

77 

53 

41 

16 

21 

28 

3.6 

124 

38 

23 

10 

56 

56 

236 

220 

149 

318 

170 

114 

378 

370 

234 

198 

87 

37 

8.8

109

Coefficient offineness.

0.72 

.35

.86 

.77 

.73 

.73 

.76 

.63 

.64 

.70 

.70 

.90 

.75 

.84 

.92 

.83 

.86 

.93 

.91 

1.00 

1.00 

.93 

.85 

.63 

.91 

1.00 

.90 

.76 

.70 

.80 

.88

.80

iron (Fe). Total 

i."2~ 

Tr.

(SiOj). Silica 

23 

34 

34

29 

27 

25 

22 

14 

21 

IS 

13 

33 

16 

IS 

19 

17 

8. 8 

7.8 

IS 

18 

29 

25 

28 

26 

39 

31 

23 

47 

44 

17

24 

29.6

Iron (Fe).

Tr.

0.30 

.40 

.6 

.40 

.9 

.7 

.8 

.20 

.8 

.6 

.7 

1.3 

.9 

1.2 

1.2 

1.4 

1.4 

1.6 

.7 

1.0 

1.6 

.6 

.40 

1.2 

.8 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr.

.7 

61.2

Calcium (Ca).

12

12 

9.9 

11 

9.6 

8.2 

11 

9.6 

11 

13 

11 

11 

14 

7.6 

15 

11 

14 

15 

13 

15 

11 

12

14 

12 

13 

9.6 

13 

7.3 

14 

11

12 

14.8

"3

a

a

a

-----

-1.2

1.2 

1.6 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

3.2 

0.8 

2.0 

Tr. 

1.2

3.2 

4.0

3.3 

3.1 

3.2 

3.3 

4.1 

3.7 

3.9 

46 

2.9 

3.2 

5.0 

2.9

2.6 

3.2

and Sodium potas- (Na+K). sium 

.....

.....

:::::

-----

8.8 

11 

11 

6.0 

8.2 

6.6 

12 

13 

9.4 

7.6 

7.9 

9.1

9.2 

11.3

radicle Carbonate 

(COs).

0.0

.0 

.0

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0

.0 

,0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

:«.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

32.2

radi- Bicarbonate (HCOs). cle 

39

46 

39

37

34

32 

44 

37 

37 

44 

41 

37 

44 

24 

51 

34

59 

51

72 

72 

71 

74 

78 

68 

78 

73 

67 

51 

74 

70

53

|

!H .

®o 4502

r02

.....

-----

-----

-----

2.6 

4.3 

4.3 

4.8 

3.6 

3.8 

5.5 

5.1 

48 

3.6 

3.8 

3.3

4.1 

5.0

P radicle 1Nitrate . I (NOs). "®~ 

.4

.6 

.8 

.4 

.6 

1.0 

.2 

.7 

.3 

.4 

.4 

.8 

.6 

.4 

.2 

.0 

.8 

.0 

.6 

.0 

.6 

.7 

.4 

1.0 

1.0 

.5

.4

.5

Chlorine (Cl).

2.0 

3.0

1.5 

1.5 

1.8 

2.0 

1.5 

1.8 

1.5 

2.0 

2.0 

3.0 

2.0 

1.0 

2.5 

2.0 

2.0 

3.0 

1.0 

1.5 

1.5 

2.5 

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.6 

1.7 

1.2 

1.8

1.8

2.2

dissolved Total 

solids.

63

81 

79 

85 

70 

66 

82 

62 

67 

75 

66 

54 

83 

47 

76 

62 

70 

68 

61 

100 

92 

120 

99 

101 

106 

122 

105 

87 

109 

118 

81

82

1

1^

$$"9?

1

6.1 

2.8 

3.3

144 

3.6 

6.3 

6.6 

8.0 

3.0 

3.2 

9.0 

3.6 

9.7 

6.1 

4.0 

3.1 

3.4 

3.6 

4.7 

4.2 

5.4 

5.0 

3.8 

2.4 

2.9 

2.4 

1.9 

2.0 

2.6 

1.5 

1.0

....

o Analyses October 21,1906, to May 2,1907, by Jas. R. Evans; May 2 to July 17,1907, by V. D. Collins; 

August 7 to October 28,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.
88 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Oswegatchie River at Ogdensburg, N. 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date.

(1906-7).

From 

Aug. 28

Sept. 11

Sept. 21

Oct. 1

Oct. 11

Oct. 21

Oct. 31

Nov. 10

Nov. 22

Dec. 1

Dec. 12

Dec. 23

Jan. 2

Jan. 12

Jan. 22

Feb. 2

Feb. 13

Feb. 23

Mar. 7

Mar. 19

Apr. 10

Apr. 20

May 1

May 11

May 21

May 31

June 11

June 21

July 1

July 11

July 21

July 31

Aug. 11

Aug. 21

Aug. 31

Mean

To 

Sept. 10

Sept. 20

Sept. 30

Oct. 10

Oct. 20

Oct. 30

Nov. 9

Nov. 20

Nov. 30

Dec. 11

Dec. 22

Jan. 1

Jan. 11

Jan. 21

Feb. 1

Feb. 12

Feb. 22

Mar. 6

Mar. 18

Mar. 29

Apr. 19

Apr. 30

May 10

May 20

May 30

June 9

June 20

June 30

July 10

July 20

July 30

Aug. 10

Aug. 20

Aug. 30

Sept.. 9

Per ct. of anhydroui> residue

lA

S

1

e

8

9

7

8

6

8

7

9

10

6

5

7

17

6

7

18

9

10

7

10

6

9

23

8

3

8

3

8

15

10

10

5

5

7

3

fe iS

T) 

,S

1

02

8

9

6

6

6.4

14

46

13

9.0

9.4

2.8

48

14

3.4

42

16

4.4

5.6

3.2

30

10

17

27

21

8.5

17

18

13

13

17

11

5.6

7.2

7.2

46

10

i

"3 .

a> rj 3

1

1.00

1.00

.86

.75

1.07

1.75

.66

1.44

.90

1.57

.56

.68

.82

.57

.60

.89

.49

.56

.46

3.00

1.67

1.89

1.18

2.62

2.83

2.12-

6.00

1.62

.87

1.70

1.10

1.12

1.44

1.03

1.53

1.38

£

a

g

 3-Mo

1.2

.3

.5

5.2

.2

.5

.1

.5

.6

.1

.7

.6

.6

.4

.3

.3

.4

.4

.3

.8

.5

.8

1.4

.7

.4

.5

.5

1.0

.8

.8

.8

.9

.9

.9

.8

.7

O

JB

1

33

12

14

13

13

13

15

14

16

11

7.8

10

8.5

8.8

7.5

8.0

5.6

8.6

8.4

9.2

3.0

12

12

8. 2

7.6

7.2

8.2

~6.'4

6.6

5.4

6.2

7.6

9.4

7.6

9. 4

14.1

s -'

s

0.4

.28

.4

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.10

.20

.30

.10

.18

.21

.21

.16

.16

.10

.18

.14

.14

.05

.13

.15

.30

.10

.13

.14

.12

.35

.30

.21

.35

.44

.52

.56

.35

.21

c.4

"e?

O

a

.5

s

1111

12

9.6

12

14

15

15

13

15

13

15

13

14

12

13

12

12

10

11

14

14

14

14

13

14

14

12

12

12

12

11

11

10

10

1O id

19.5

'S

5,

|

S

2.9

3.2

3.4

4.8

3.6

4.0

3.8

4.0

3.6

3.4

4.4

4.8

4.0

4.2

3.4

2.0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.9

41

3.7

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.9

3.2

3.6

2.7

3.8

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.5

O. o Oc 

5.3

A .

f£

ll

§

"-'

 - |

09

. ... .

.....

6.9 e'.s

6.1

4.9

5.8

49

3.5

3.3

3.6

3.5

41

49

3.9

5.2

5.7

6.8

6.3

6.4

7.5

6.1

4.6

46

5.6

6.3

5.4

4.7

.-...

6.3

5.3

8.0

[3

So

1"go

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

66.8

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

62.4

.0

641

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

39.2

-3

^

IIOS- 'S g'o

5

45

45

49

36

46

59

64

59

56

59

53

59

51

52

51

40

46

44

37

59

60

57

56

56

53

61

64

49

....

COoo

1

0,0

 S OQ a"

f00

6.2

4.8

7.4

7.2

6.6

7.1

7.9

13

8.6

8.6

9.0

8.5

7.9

6.9

7.7

6.4

7.1

8.7

9.4

6.8

7.1

7.2

7.6

7.1

7.6

7.1

7.4

9.1

10

9.3

8.2

9.4

10

12

13

O. Q £

O

12.3

a>

Q

-5 .

|S

o 

Z

0.0

.0

Tr.

.0

Tr.

Tr.

.0

.0

.0

Tr.

.9

.6

.6

1.0

.6

.0

1.0

1.2

1.9

.0

1.9

1.0

1.4

Tr.

Tr.

.8

.8

.5

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.3

.2

.2

.2

.4

.6

3

I'§

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.7

.5

.2

.6

1.6

Tr.

2.2

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

1.9

.2

.6

1.0

.6

.2

.6

.2

.6

Tr.

Tr.

1.2

.6

1.2

Tr.

.4

.6

-a 

a>

s| -3^

3'o

80

82

91

81

83

90

94

100

83

84

79

83

72

78

72

70

69

70

67

64

78

80

87

75

74

73

78

88

69

69

62

60

65

75

70

77

s

2?

af M^

a

1

4.6

4.8

46

5.1

6.0

6.6

6.0

5.5

6.3

6.1

5.7

5.4

7.0

6.5

6.5

5.1

4.7

46

4.9

6.8

6.3

5.5

6.8

6.3

5.4

5.3

4.9

48

49

47

45

45

4.4

4.4

45

a Analyses August 28 to December 11, 1906, by R. B. Dole; December 12, 1906, to March 29, 1907, by 

R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 10 to June 30, 1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July 1 to 

September 9,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average.

c Fe« On.
ANALYTICAL EEStTLTS. 89

Mineral analyses of ivater from Pearl River near Jackson, Miss.a 

[Parts per milh'on, unless otherwise stated.]

Date. 

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 16 

Oct. 27 

Nov. 9 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 4 

Dec. 26 

Jan. 6 

Jan. 16 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 17 

Mar. 1 

Mar. 17 

Mar. 27 

Apr. 6 

Apr. 19 

Apr. 30 

May 10 

May 24 

June 3 

June 14 

June 24 

July 4 

July 14 

July 24 

Aug. 4 

Aug. 15 

Aug. 25 

Sept. 4 

Sept. 15 

Sept. 27 

Oct. 8

MftftTI

To 

Oct. 26 

Nov. 8 

Nov. 20 

Dec. 3 

Dee. 15 

Jan. 5 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 26 

Feb. 6 

Feb. 16 

Feb. 26 

Mar. 16 

Mar. 26 

Apr. 5 

Apr. 18 

Apr. 29 

May 9 

May 23 

June 2 

June 13 

June 23 

July 3 

July 13 

July 23 

Aug. 3 

Aug. 14 

Aug. 24 

Sept. 3 

Sept. 14 

Sept. 26 

Oct. 7 

Oct. 19

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

2

45 

75 

30 

35 

40 

105 

55 

25 

60 

30 

90 

85 

60 

30 

160 

35 

170 

60 

60 

45 

50 

50 

100 

45

30

45 

45 

40 

50 

10 

30

56

(3

a 

 §

OQ

28 

38 

8.0 

14 

22 

76 

47 

18 

38 

26 

84 

63 

40 

26 

175 

56 

147 

47 

50 

38 

50 

50 

59 

36 

41 

15 

37 

33 

37 

32 . 

16 

21

46

fine- Coemcient of

ness.

0.62 

.51 

.67 

.40 

.55 

.72 

.85 

.72 

.63 

.87 

.93 

.74 

.67 

.87 

1.10 

1.60 

.86 

.78 

.83 

.84 

1.00 

1.00 

.59 

.80 

2.73 

.50 

.82 

.73 

.92 

.64 

1.60 

.70

.93

(Fe). Total iron

2.8 

6.6 

44 

9.6 

11 

7.0 

7.9 

3.5 

3.5 

2.4 

5.2 

3.2 

6.1 

2.8 

2.3

------

(SiOs). Silica 

13 

27 

21 

23 

19 

28 

32 

19 

19 

15 

20 

14 

13 

20

16 

31 

23

10 

11 

26 

24 

20 

13 

15 

13 

11 

11 

12 

13 

9.7 

14 

8.9

18 

29.1

Iron (Fe).

0.20 

.7 

.8 

.7 

.30 

.9 

.6 

.5 

.40 

.10 

.20 

.10 

.40

.5 

2.8 

1.7

.05 

.10 

.07 

.04 

Tr. 

.03 

.03 

.03 

.03 

.04 

.04 

.04 

.03 

.03 

.03

.37

6.8

"3" 

o

I 3 a

o

5.2

5.5 

9.6 

10 

12 

6.5 

4.7

4." 4 

4.4 

4.4 

4.4 

10 

8.8

8.4 

4.0

5.0

5.1 

6.2 

7.9 

8.1 

9.7 

7.0 

8.6 

9.7 

8.3 

7.7 

6.3 

7.4 

6.9 

8.0 

6.9

7.1 

11.5

Magnesium (Mg).

0.8 

.8 

1.2 

1.6 

1.2 

Tr. 

.4 

1.6 

1.2 

1.2 

Tr. 

Tr. 

1.6 

.8

Tr.

Tr

1.2 

1.6 

1.4 

1.6 

1.6 

1.9 

1.7 

1.6 

1.7 

1.4 

.9 

1.0 

1.5 

2.1 

1.3

1.1

1.8

Sodium andpotas- 

(Na-t-K). sium 

-----

-----

.....

-----

7.9 

6.7 

8.3 

11 

13 

14 

9.6 

8.8 

7.6 

8.3 

7.9 

9.2 

4.7 

8.3 

8.3

8.9 

14.4

Carbonate radicle 

(C0 ).3

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

0

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

25.5

Bicarbonate radi-

). cle (HC0 3

20 

22 

32 

34 

41 

22 

20 

54

15

12 

34 

29

27

17

28 

28 

44 

44 

56 

30 

45 

40 

40 

32 

29 

38 

30 

41 

37

32

]§

S§03^

"3

Of

-----

5.5 

6.7 

6.6 

7.4 

6.2 

11 

6.9 

6.8 

6.2 

6.1 

4.9 

4.8 

4.7 

6.0 

5.6

6.4 

10.3

Nitrate radicle 

(NOa).

0.4 

.9 

.4

'.5 

1.0 

.7 

.9 

.3 

.1 

.2 

.5 

.8 

.6 

.7 

.9 

1.0 

1.1 

1.0 

1.2 

.5

"."9" 

Tr. 

.7 

2.2 

.8 

.0 

.7 

Tr. 

.2

.7 

1.1

(Cl). Chlorine 

5.0 

4.0 

1.8 

2.0 

2.2 

6.0 

4.2 

6.0 

4.0 

3.5 

3.5 

4.0 

1.8 

4.5 

2.5 

2.5 

3.0 

2.5 

2.6 

3.1 

3.4 

3.2 

5.5 

3.2 

2.9 

2.6 

5.0 

2.6 

2.6 

2.4 

3.6 

2.9

3.4 

5.5

dissolved Total 

solids.

48 

69 

67 

72 

65 

62 

77 

76 

52 

43 

46 

36 

50 

61 

60 

52 

46 

50 

45 

79 

74 

76 

75 

65 

54 

52 

59 

53 

56 

41 

63 

52

59

I.

II

1

17.8 

3.0 

2.0 

3.3 

3.4 

7.8 

9.6 

5.0 

7.9 

18.5 

8.9 

23.0 

9.5 

4.3 

3.7 

7.9 

12.4 

21.0 

12.7 

5.4 

3.6 

2.7 

3.4 

2.6 

1.9 

1.9 

2.1 

2.5 

1.9 

1.5 

1.0 

1.3

aAnalyses October 16,1906, to May 8,1907, by Jas. R. Evans; May 10 to October 19,1907, by R. B. Dole, 

Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6FeaO3.
90 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Pedee River near Pedee, N. C.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 26 

Nov. 6 

Nov. 17 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 12 

Dec. 27 

Jan. 9 

Jan. 22 

Feb. 6 

Feb. 20 

Mar. 16 

Mar. 31 

Apr. 16 

Apr. 26 

May 2 

May 12 

May 22 

June 18 

June 29 

Aug. 19 

Sept. 1 

Sept. 14 

Oct. 2 

Oct. 16

Per ct. 

drous

To 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 16 

Nov. 29 

Dec. 11 

Dec. 21 

Jan. 8 

Jan. 21 

Feb. 3 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 15 

Mar. 30 

Apr. 15 

Apr. 25 

May 1 

May 11 

May 21 

June 3 

June 28 

July 10 

Aug. 31 

Sept. 13 

Sept. 28 

Oct. 15 

Oct. 19

of anhyTurbidity.

40 

90 

140 

135 

140 

145 

15 

25 

15 

40 

25 

20 

120 

160 

100 

60 

255 

365 

375 

270 

240 

295 

45 

35

131

Suspended matter.

28 

46 

100 

88 

102 

108 

11 

16 

12 

34 

24 

18 

110 

168 

74 

44 

211 

302 

238 

128 

115 

199 

42 

34

94

i"3 

al

OJ p

1 

§

O

0.70 

.51 

.71 

.65 

.73 

.75 

.73 

.64 

.80 

.85 

.96 

.90 

.92 

1.05 

.74 

.73 

.77 

.83 

.63 

.47 

.48 

.67 

.93 

.97

.76

(Fe). iron Total 

6.3 

10 

8.8 

2.4

-----

(SiOs). Silica 

39 

30 

32 

30 

26 

30 

25 

18 

13 

14 

18 

26 

15 

18 

20 

27 

21 

26 

37 

34 

23 

35 

26 

30

2fi 

38.8

? 

fe

ti

Tr. 

0.9 

.9 

.8 

.8 

.40 

.20 

.30 

.20 

.10 

.10 

.30 

.20 

.40 

cl.4 

.40 

.8 

<2.8 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.03 

.03 

Tr. 

Tr.

.31 

d.7

(Ca). Calcium 

9.1 

5.7 

4.7 

5.5 

6.4 

5.2 

7.4 

8.4 

9.2 

12 

10 

7.6 

7.0 

5.5 

6.5 

6.7 

5.1 

4.1 

5.1 

5.8 

6.8 

4.9 

6.6 

9.3

0.9 

10.3

(Mg). Magnesium 

1.6 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

1.2 

Tr. 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6 

0.8 

1.2 

Tr. 

1.2 

1.2 

2.9 

3.3 

2.1 

3.7 

1.3 

0.8 

1.7 

1.3 

0.8 

1.7

1.3 

1.9

and Sodiumpotas- (Na+K). sium 

7.2 

7.8 

11 

7.2 

14 

13 

9.4 

5.4 

6.5 

7.2

8.9 

13.3

radicle Carbonate 

).(C03

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

 .0 

.0

.0 

23.6

radi- Bicarbonate 

(HCO ).cle 3

34

20 

16 

20 

22 

17 

27 

32 

32 

41 

34 

24 

24 

20 

44 

42 

39 

39 

48 

45 

44 

26 

29 

43

32

2 .H

S§ $~

P< 

1

~4.~6' 

3.6 

3.6 

2.3 

4.4 

3.9 

3.9 

4.7 

3.9 

5.6

4/0 

6.0

radicle Nitrate 

(N0 ).3

0.4 

.6 

.3

5

.6 

.6 

.4 

.9 

.4 

.4 

.7 

.4 

.2 

.3 

.5 

.2 

.4 

.5 

1.4 

.9 

.5 

.7 

.3 

1.1

.6 

.8

Chlorine (Cl).

3.5 

2.0 

7.5 

7.0 

7.5 

4.0 

1.7 

3.0 

4.5 

1.5 

3.5 

2.0 

2.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.5 

4.5 

3.0 

1.4 

1.6 

1.1 

.7 

1.2 

1.1

3.1

4.6

dissolved Total

solids.

87 

62 

82 

78 

74 

72 

63 

58 

58 

64 

59 

45 45' 

40 

76 

78 

74 

86 

91 

86 

64 

70 

62 

78

69

I

a,

2j?,Q}

1

3.0 

2.8 

3.9 

2.8 

3.1 

3.8 

2.8 

2.6 

2.7 

3.2 

2.8 

3.1 

3.1 

3.4 

2.9 

2.5 

2.8 

3.0 

3.2 

2.4 

2.3 

2.8 

2.4 

2.2

a Analyses October 26,1906, to May 1,1907, by Jas. R. Evans; May 2 to June 28,1907, by W. D. Collins; 

June 29 to October 19, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6 Gaging station at Cheraw, S. C., 20 miles below. 

Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average.
ANALYTICAL KESULTg.

Mineral analyses of water from Platte River near Columbus, Nebr.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 12 

Oct. 22 

Nov. 3 

Nov. 13 

Nov. 23 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 14 

Dee. 24 

Jan. 3 

Jan. 13 

Jan. 23 

Feb. 2 

Feb. 15 

Feb. 25 

Mar. 7 

Mar. 17 

Mar. 27 

Apr. 6 

Apr. 16 

Apr. 27 

May 7

Per ct 

drou;

To 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 21 

Nov. 2 

Nov. 12 

Nov. 22 

Dee. 2 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 23 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 12 

Jan. 22 

Feb. 1 

Feb. 12 

Feb. 24 

Mar. 6 

Mar. 16 

Mar. 26 

Apr. 5 

Apr. 15

Apr. 26

May 6 

May 15

of aiihy-

£ 

is

EH

20 

50 

350 

625 

300 

210 

180 

50 

60 

20 

15 

20 

15 

215 

115 

580 

325 

700 

2.000

800 

900 

580

374

Suspended matter.

21- 

' 41 

311

542 

244 

178 

162 

48 

46 

27

8.0 

10 

110 

90 

432 

264 

534 

1, 432

,638 

774 

385

300

of Coefficient fineness.

1.05 

.82 

.89 

.87 

.81 

.85 

.90 

.96 

.77 

1.35

.46 

.67 

.51

.78 

.75 

.84 

.76 

.72

.80 

.86 

.6fi

.81

(SI0 Silica ).2

31 

33 

37 

47 

32 

26 

36 

35 

27 

26 

32 

22 

22 

31 

30 

35 

28 

33 

26 

32 

50 

38

32

7.6

(Fe). Iron 

Tr. 

0.10 

.20 

.20 

.20 

.20 

.07 

.05 

.10 

.05 

Tr. 

.08 

.10 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.9 

.25 

.35 

.35 

.20 

1.0 

.6

.20 

6.1

(Ca). Calcium 

56 

55 

44 

52 

66 

64 

73 

77 

65 

71 

74 

74 

73 

46 

66 

72 

68 

57 

66 

63 

58 

55

63 

15.0

"S

a

§ 

%

15 

16 "is'

17 

17 

22 

25 

25 

23 

21 

23 

20 

15 

16 

20 

23 

16 

13 

18 

14 

16

18 

4.3

Sodium andpotas- (Na+K). sium 

40 

40 

34 

39 

50

"77" 

51 

49 

46 

55 

56

"52" 

52 

39 

60 

47 

46 

39 

41

48 

11.4

Carbonate radicle 

(CO.).

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

21.8

Bicarbonate radi-(HCO ).cle S

189 

187 

167 

181 

195 

187 

204 

220 

190 

207 

152 

216 

198 

148 

192 

186 

200 184' 

175 

182 

161 

168

186

Sulphate radicle 

(S0<).

112 

113

74 

86 

134 

167

"223" 

181 

206 

191 

186 

189 

101

'i94'

"i72~ 

144 

155 

130 

128

152 

3fi. 2

30 

M^

6

£ £

g

0.0 

.7 

.4 

1.8 

.4 

Tr. 

.4 

.9 

.9 

.9 

.7 

1.4 

5.2 

2.3 

1.4 

2.3 

2.0 

1.2 

2.7 

1.6 

1.1 

.9

1.3

.3

5

I*M 

Q

12 

11

8.4 

9.6 

13 

14 

19 

19 

15 

17 

16 

17 

16 

8.5 

13 

17 

20 

16

13 

10 

11

14 

3,3

dissolved Total

solids.

361 

353 

296 

349 

412 

441 

543 

561 

446 

510 

496 

487 

473 

309 

443 

530 

522 

454 

385 

437 

407 

389

437

1

3 . «>+? bom

as

aca

£

1.8 

 2.2 

3.0 

3.5 

3.2 

3.0

"3.~2 

3.0 

2.8 

3.2 

2.9

o Analyses October 1,1906, to February 12,1907, by W. M. Barr; February 15 to 24,1907, by H. S. Spaulding; February 25 to March 6,1907, by Walton Van Winkle. 

6 Fe2Q8
92 SURFACE WATERS EAST OP THE HUNDREDTH MEFIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Platte River at Fremont, 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 10 

Oct. 21 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 1 

Dec. 11 

Dec. 21 

Dec. 31 

Jan. 10 

Jan. 28 

Mar. 13 

Mar. 24 

Apr. 6 

Apr. 18 

Apr. 28 

May 9 

May 19 

May 30 

June 9 

June 20 

June 30 

July 11 

July 21 

July 31 

Aug. 11 

Aug. 21 

Sept. 1 

Sept. 11 

Sept. 22 

Oct. 2 

Oct. 12 

Oct. 24

Per ct. 

drous

To 

Oct. 20 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 20 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 20 

Dec. 30 

Jan. 9 

Jan. 27 

Feb. 6 

Mar. 22 

Apr. 5 

Apr. 17 

Apr. 27 

May 8 

May 18 

May 29 

June 8 

June 18 

June 29 

July 10 

July 20 

July 30 

Aug. 10 

Aug. 20 

Aug. 31 

Sept. 10 

Sept. 21 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 23 

Nov. 2

of anhyTurbidity.

100 

290 

540 

400 

170 

270 

125 ""so"

10 

10 

675 

460 

1050 

540 

510

485 

700 

600 

625 

850 

1,050 

500 

375 

450 

95 

230 

90 

95 

200 

75 

100

379

Suspended matter.

88 

537 

632 

335 

174 

272 

111 

193 

52 

13 

10 

442 

544 

814 

477 

536

649 

980 

804 

514 

689 

1,725 

427 

343 

332 

100 

224 

93 

99 

168 

76 

87

392

Coefficient offineness.

0.88 

1.85 

1.17 

.84 

1.02 

1.01 

.89

"."65" 

1.30 

1.00 

.65 

1.18 

.77 

.88 

1.05

1.34 

1.40 

1.34 

.82 

.81 

1.64 

.85 

.91 

.74 

1.05 

.97 

1.03 

1.04 

.84 

1.01 

.87

1.03

0

£.

1 

53

50 

44 

49 

42 

43 

51 

46 

44 

38 

47 

47 

40 

35 

44 

49 

62 

50 

50 

44 

41 

55

51 

32 

42 

45 

49 

44 

63 

62 

60 

45 

51

47 

15.9

(Fe). Iron 

0.10 

.40 

.40 

.40 

.16 

.20 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.15 

Tr. 

.15 

.28 

.32 

.30 

.45 

.6 

.40 

.40 

.23 

.12 

.8 

.10 

.8 

.08 

.20 

.15 

.15 

.12 

.10 

.10 

.66 

.06 

.14

.26 

c.l

(Ca). Calcium 

47 

44 

47 

54 

53 

52 

61 

60 

53 

62 

57 

53 

57 

47

45 

49 

43 

41 

38 

40 

41 

38 

39 

41 

44 

43 

43 

45 

40 

41 

45 

46

47 

15.9

"So

a

I

a

12 

12 

14 

19 

14 

16 

14 

15 

13 

15 

13 

16 

11 

13 

11 

12 

13 

9.3 

8.3 

11 

5.9 

4.4 

4.5 

8.7 

10 

9.9 

9.5 

8.2 

4.2 

8.6 

9.4 

9.7

11 

3.7

and potas- Sodium 

(Na+K). sium 

36

32 

41

34 

38 

33 

34 

40 

34 

31 

32 

26 

33 

37

24 

23 

23 

27 

29 

25

34 

27 

25 

24 

15 

20 

31 

32 

32

30 

10.1

Carbonate radicle 

(CO ).S

 0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

64.8 

64.8 

66.0 

64.8 

66.0

.0 

29.6

Bicarbonate radi-(HCO cle ).3

199 

157 

161 "isi"

193 

218 

221 

185 

237 

209 

199 

192 

176 

181 

168 

170 

168 

160 

160 

169 

154 

142 

152 

186 

167 

166 

165 

161 

155 

162 

167 

160

178

<D "o

1 . 

sg03"* '

1«

37 

51 

71 

97 

86 

107 

111 

93 

97 

79 

80 

82 

95 

75 

83 

71 

71 

57 

51 

50 

52 

45 

42 

49 

49 

64 

5P 

46 

37 

24 

41 

58 

61

66 

2S.3

1 

L 

O

«5

1 

g

0.0 

.9 

1.3 

.9 

.9 

1.3 

.4 

Tr. 

1.4 

1.3 

1.9 

Tr. 

.6 

.8 

Tr. 

1.1 

.7 

2.3 

2.4 

3.0 

1.8 

1.8 

2.4 

.9 

Tr. 

.9 

Tr. 

1.8 

0.3 

0.3 

1.0 

0.5 

0.8

1.0 

.3

O

1o 

1

4.9 

4.5 

7.3 

9.0 

7.7 

8.5 

7.5 

8.1 

8.4 

7.8 

7.1 

8.8 

7.1 

6.9 

10 

5.4 

5.7 

4.8 

6.7 

4.0 

3.8 

4.5 

2.6

"6."5" 

5.7 

5.0 

4.8 

6.6 

3.0 

6.0 

7.4 

7.8

6.4 

2,1

 0

1 

l|

3 13

EH

265 

246 

303 

359 

328 

364 

385 

352 

339 

391 

335 

341 

387 

298 

347 

322 

308 

280 

256 

251 

283 

228 

241 

337 

260 

274 

274 

253 

271 

243 

270 

280 

290

302

a Analyses October 10, 1906, to February 6, 1907, by W. M. Barr; March 13, to September 10, 1907, by 

Walton Van Winkle; September 11 to November 2,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOa in the average.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 93

Mineral analyses of water from Potomac River at Cumberland, 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 11

Sept. 21

Oct. 1

Oct. 12

Oct. 22

Nov. 1

Nov. 12

Nov. 22

Dec. 3

Dec. 13

Dec. 23

Jan. 2

Jan. 12

Jan. 22

Feb. 1

Feb. 11

Feb. 21

Mar. 3

Mar. 13

Mar. 24

Apr. 5

Apr. 15

Apr. 25

May 5

May 15

May 25

June 4

June 15

June 25

July 6

July 16

July 27

Aug. 6

Aug. 16

Aug. 26

Sept. 5

To 

Sept. 20

Sept. i

Oct. I

Oct. i

to

11

SI

Oct. 31

Nov. 10

Nov. 21

Dec. 2_

Dec. 12

Dec. 22

Jan.

Jan.

1

1

Jan. 21

Jan. ;

Feb. : Feb. : Mar.

Mar.

Mar. :

Apr.

1

0

0

2

2

S3

4

Apr. 14

Apr. 5

May

May

!4

4

14

May 24

June

June

3

L4

June 24

July

July 3

July '* Aug.

Aug. 1-

5

15

>5

5

S

Aug. 25

Sept. 4

Sept. 14

Mean............

Per ct. of anhydrous residui

^Analyses Sep 

R. B. Dole and 1 

tember 14, 1907, 

t> Abnormal; co

cFejOg.

' 3&

3

H

10

6

18

21

8

8

14

8

29

27

34

22

80

28

26

26

33

37

280

21

7

35

21

13

11

21

20

10

3

3

35

15

25

40

8

18

28

1

I

48

1

CO

13

12

19

19

17

6.0

14

7.8

26

25

34

23

78

20

8.0

9.4

6.8

12

89

29

11

46

40

26

20

30

31

22

25

15

32

39

145

14

22

29

<b

"8 .

al .8 3

S9

1

1.30

2.00

1.06

.90

2.13

.75

1.00

.98

.90

.93

1.00

1.04

.97

.71

.32

.37

.21

.32

.32

1.38

1.57

1.32

1.90

2.00

1.82

1.43

1.55

2.20

8.33

5.00

1.'20

2.13

1.56

3.63

1.75

1.22

1 59

l

 ?

8

g

5§

1.4

.1

2.1

1.7

.9

1.2

1.1

.9

1.6

1.7

2.1

2.1

6.6

2.8

1.9

1.9

1.6

2.1

9.1

1.9

3.2

4.4

5.8

2.6

3.0

2.5

4.6

1.4

.3

2.6

7 9

3.5

9.6

8.8

2.1

1.8

3 A i U

0

2-

03 

0

3

CO

9.0

12

6.0

8.0

6.4

7.4

5.0

7.0

10

13

5.2

5.2

5.8

14

14

6.8

5.8

5.8

16

4.8

7.2

6.2

11

16

6.2

6.6

8.4

7.0

7.0

8.8

5

n 

. U

4.2

6.8

7.4

12

8.2

6.4

jufn

a

Mg

Tr.

Tr.

0.20

.10

.20

.05

.14

.30 "2

!20

.16

.20

.15

.06

.09

.08

.08

.10

.30

.06

.09

.12

.15

.10

.12

14

!l4

.10

.06

.08

22

.06

.11

.06

.60

.09

.14

c 2

0

g

103

o

39

45

33

30

19

27

29

on

20

13

17

15

12

23

23

23

22

17

14

30

31

18

17

17

20

17

17

20

32

38

21

24

41

32

42

24

18.6

i

| 53

<D

1

7.4

8.6

5.6

4.8

3.2

4.4

4.6

3.8

3.4

2.6

3.8

3.4

2.6

5.8

5.4

5.2

4.8

3.2

2.8

7.4

4.2

3.8

3.0

3.2

4.0

3.0

3.0

4.4

6.8

4.0

4.6

7.8

6.4

.....

4.6

3.5

1 

s+

3l

!f1"

8.5

12

4.9

9.3

7.4

8.0

8.5

6.6

4.9

4.4

4.7

19

4.4

4.3

3.2

3.3

4.3

4.4

10

9.9

8.0

7.7

17

26

7.4

7.9

10

5.7

12

14

'20

9.0

7.0

1

1

SO

1"

S 

0

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

612

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0 57.2

&2 4

59.' 6

58.4

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

13.7

=3

2 -3

fflO

d td

& !

3

46

51

51

43

37

45

42

22

30

39

36

32

19

22

25

29

28

28

20

11

22

23

26

30

43

53

25

25

28

29

9.0

13

41

48

72

61

36

1

1M 

03 S* a

1

96

117

59

62

34

S3

63

36

34

24

42

37

26

76

64

63

55

38

39

97

93

45

36

39

45

40

41

51

82

99

41

50

54

91

57

95

58

45.0

 i

i

o

i"^ «§,

1

1.7

.5

.5

.8

.i

.O

Tr.

1.0

1.0

.9

1.5

1.4

2.0

1.4

1.8

1.8

1.2

1.9

2.0

1.4

0.9

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.6

1.1

1.0

Tr.

.6

.0

Tr.

.2

1.0

.6

.4

.9

.7

g

2

g

0

12ie

9.0 11

fi.O

6 5

9.8

6.7

7.2

4.1

3.8

2.8

3.8

4.4

3.4

3.4

3.8

2.9

1.4

3.8

5.3

4.8

3.4

2.9

8 2

14

2.4

4 1

6.0

6.2

3 8

5.4

7.4

12

8 4

13

6.4

49

 g

1

1|"m

2o

EH

204

234

157

150

97

134

144

98

100

80

84

79

63

159

128

122

111

84

89

155

168

100

90

101

118

134

91

107

166

186

98

113

132

197

194

215

130

1

<t>&£

§s£-

g

n

3.1

2.6

2.4

2.7

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.4

4.1

5.7

4.3

5.0

7.4

5.1

3.7

3.6

3.9

4.8

8.0

5.0

4.0

3.9

4.0

4.8

4.4

4.2

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.2

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.5

«mber 11 to November 21, 1906, by R. B. Dole; November 22, 1906, to April 4, 1907, by 

I. G. Roberts; April 5 to July 5, 1907, by Chase Palmer, and M. G. Roberts; July 6 to Sepjy R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

mputed as HCOg in the average.
94 SUEFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MEBIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Raritan River at Bound Brook, N. J> 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date.

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 10

Sept. 20

Sept. 30

Oct. 10

Oct. 20

Oct. 30

Nov. 9

Nov. 19

Nov. 30

Dec. 10

Dec. 21

Dec. 31

Jan. 10

Jan. 30

FeV). 10

Feb! 20

Mar. 3

Mar. 13

Mar. 23

Apr. 2

Apr. 12 

Apr. 22

May 3

May 13

May 23

June 3

June 13

June 23

July 3

July 13

July 24

Aug. 3

Aug. 13

Aug. 24

Sept. 5

Mean

To 

Sept. 19

Sept. 29

Oct. 9

Oct. 19

Oct. 29

Nov. 8

Nov. 18

Nov. 29

Dec. 9

Dec. 19

Dec. 30

Jan. 9

Jan. 19

Feb. 9

Feb. 19

Mar. 2

Mar. 12

Mar. 22

Apr. 1

Apr. 11

Apr. 21 

May 2

May 12

May 22

June 2

June 12

June 21

July 2

July 12

July 23

Aug 2

Aug. 12

Aug. 23

Sept. 3

Sept. 12

Per ct. of anhydrous residue

£

i5

1

EH

9

155

42

8

32

13

9

12

6

26

28

37

47

5

4

5

11

80

7

10

4C

20

45

8

18

5

18

130

272

25

c

7

45

120

37

1

73

£ o

§

1

ffl

8.6

88

39

10

38

16

4.4

19

6.6

33

41

45

71

0.8

Tr.

Tr.

13

118

9.2

15

4.2 

29

27

52

15

17

8.4

22

133

202

30

15

13

29

79

36

1<n

liG> rt

1HH 

S>

0.96

.57

.93

1.25

1.19

1.23

.49

1.58

1.10

1.27

1.47

1.22

1.51

.16

1.18

1.48

1.30

1.50

.84 

.72

1.35

1.16

1.88

.94

1.68

1.22

1.02

.74

1.20

1.88

1 8f

!63

.66

1.16

o>

0

g

.H

131H

0.1

2.0

4.3

2

L4

.6

.5

.15

.2

.9

1.0

1.4

1.6

.4

.2

.2

.8

3.3

.4

.4

.2 

.8

.7

1.6

.3

.6

.2

.3

4.7

7.0

1.4

.6

1.2

2.6

1 -L. 4$9

9

55

el

3

CQ

22

15

14

15

23

18

14

12

18

20

14

14

11

17

in iy

22

22

21

12

17

20 

17

26

24

11

8.2

10

8.0

20

9.6

13

10

8.4

15

19

16

18.8

"5"

fe.

a 

£

Tr.

0.5

.20

.10

.20

.09

.14

.08

.09

.16

.18

.30

.17

.10

.08 .'1009

.20

.09

.09

.11 

.21

.18

.13

.06

.08

.08

.03

.11

.18

.05

^05

.07

.16

.7

.15

6.3

^,

g.

3

's

eS

14

13

12

14

13

12

12

11

13

12

10

9.6

9.2

9.G

11

12

10

7.2

8.2

11

10 

10

10

11

11

9.6

13

13

17

14

17

18

18

17

16

12

14.1

^

§

a

3

3

1

^

5.0

4.6

4.4

4.8

5.2

5.0

5.6

5.2

5.4

4.8

^

If

rt,2

^

1 a s-i CQ

10

9.9

7.4

7.9

9.5

7.4

7.6

7.9

7.6

6.6

4. 4 6. 1

4 2 

2.8.....

3.8

5.2

5.0

4.8

2.6

4.0

2.4

3.0 

3.4

3.6

3.8

3.6

3.0

4.4

5.2

2.4

3.8

1.8

1.2

1.6

o. Q Q y

4.6

7.2

9.4

7.7

9.0

6.0

6.3

11

12

9.8

9.0

"7." 6

11

8.4

11

12

-11

12

12

14

9.1

10.7

£ jo

1^

20

§""

rQ

IS

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

 3

"go oS

'H'S 0 W

Jo

«

65

57

59

£ jo

1^

0,0

-Sffl C3- ' 

^

Pi 

3

ffl

10

12

12

58 13

56 10

57 10

59

52

62

12

14

9.9

50 13

39 11

.... 12

34 13

45 10

. 0 52 8. 6

.0 52 11

.0 45 13

.0' 30 11

.0 38

.0 43

.0 44 

'.0 45

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

44

46

52

47

59

67

57

50

56

43

66

62

56

.OJ 51

29.6

10

11

11 

11

12

11

8.9

10

10

11

14

15

17

18

18

16

18

12

14.1

£

2-3

6

-2 '

jj^

0.8

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

.3

.6

2.0

1.9

3.0

2.1

3.8

4. 0

2.4

3.0

2.1

2.8

3.0

2.9 

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.3

2.3

2.2

1.7

.7

.7

.4

.3

.4

.9

1.0

1.9

2.3

^

S

O> i0

4.6

4.6

4.2

5.3

6.0

5.3

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.6

5.3

4.8

o. C Qy

5.3

4.8

4.1

3.8

3.7

3.8 

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.8

4.2

4.6

4.6

4.8

5.4

4.8

5.8

5.4

5.4

4.7

5.5

1

||

~o

w

3o

^

102

93

92

89

97

98

85

s

 s

IfS53.35

fl

o>

a

1.4

1.6

1.8

1.4

1.9

1.6

1.6

80, 2.0

93

88

1.4

2.1

79 2.0

73 2.8

69 3.1

75 1.8

83 1.6

89 1.4

82 2.1

69 4.9

64

76

81 

81

90

86

74

67

81

88

96

81

92

88

93

97

104

S5

2.2

1.9

1.8 

1.8

2.2

2.2

1.8

1.7

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.4

1.5

o Analyses September 9 to October 29,1906, and from November 9 to November 29,1906, by R. B. Dole; 

October 30 to November 8, 1906, and from November 30, 1906, to April 1, 1907, by R. B. Dole and M. G. 

Roberts; April 2 to July 2,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July 3 to' Se-)tember 12, 1907, by 

R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 FeaO3.
ANALYTICAL, RESULTS.

Mineral analyses of water from Red River near Shreveport, La.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

95

Date.

(1907-8).

From 

Mar. 19

Mar. 29

Apr. 8

Apr. 18

Apr. 29

May 9

May 23

June 4

June 14

June 24

July 5

July 17

July 28

Aug. 8

Aug. 19

Aug. 29

Sept. 9

Sept. 19

Sept. 30

Oct. 11

Oct. 23

Nov. 3

Nov. 13

Nov. 25

Dec. 5

Dec. 16

Dec. 26

Jan. 5

Jan. 16

Jan. 26

Feb. 5

Feb. 16

Mar. 1

Mar. 11

Mean

To 

Mar. 28

Apr. 7

Apr. 17

Apr. 28

May 8

May 18

June 3

June 13

June 23

July 4

July 16

July 27

Aug. 7

Aug. 17

Aug. 28

Sept. 8

Sept. 18!

Sept. 28i

Oct. 10

Oct. 22

Nov. 2

Nov. 12

Nov. 23

Dec. 4

Dec. 15

Dec. 25

Jan. 4

Jan. 15

Jan. 25

Feb. 4

Feb. 15

Feb. 29

Mar. 10

Mar. 19

Per at, of anhydrou s residue , .

£

'1

a ,

820

1,050

600

750

900

1,100

880

1,160

800

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,100

290

300

170

125

40

350

2,800

1,600

300

1,600

425

325

400

1,300

425

300

200

240

960

240

800

790

jg-iS

 0

OJ

1

oa

780

910

655

784

1,284

960

1,589

582

1,314

1,800

1,850

1,750

300

420

184

134

80

438

3,925

1,200

254

1,550

508

263

447

1,400

616

377

194

279

1,065

260

660

870

<a1

"8 .

 a m ~r4 M

Is

1

1

0.95

.87

.92

.87

1.16

1.09

1.37

.73

.94

1.20

1.15

1.59

1.04

1.40

1.08

1.07

2.00

1.25

1/40

.75

.85

.97

1.19

.81

1.12

1.08

1.45

1.26

.97

1.16

1.11

1.08

.82

1.11

0)

feel

1

.....

.....

~40~~

27

38

22

35

42

40

25

5.3

13

2.9

2.7

1.3

13

160

49

12

100

27

15

13

50

21

8.4

8.9

8.2

12

7.7 16 '

0

C3

35

40

34

31

28

25

55

36

57

28

25

38

38

47

30

26

39

40

33

24

9.2

20

20

23

13

18

20

35

25

35

20

15

38

28

33

30

5.5

 3-

a

I

3.6

3.2

1.2

3.4

3.0

1.9

.88

.82

.19

.14

.56

1.8

.52

.22

.58

.24

.14

Tr.

.10

.5

.14

Tr.

.15

.52

.52

.52

3.5

1.2

1.3

.47

.6

2.8

1.5

2.4

1.1

6.3

"c?

0,

',§

^ 

O

57

38

45

QQ t>O

39

35

36

45

47

73

78

57

91

120

122

152

140

221

154

97

135

125

126

42

50

49

38

42

31

46

39

34

34

37

74

13.6

"So

a

 53

<g

a

11

19

"6."7

5.8

6.4

7.7

13

15

10

19

28

30

39

39

55

47

22

32

26

30

8.3

12

13

44

6.3

43

5.6

6.5

4.9

5.6

5.9

17

3.1

A

If

l£tSf-t

I|1*

"48

27

21

30

38

38

74

74

42

90

101

125

172

148

436

230

134

194

131

197

40

52

58

25

47

36

53

43

25

31

32

90

16.5

1

i .

|0!~

03

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

7.2

2.4

14

Tr.

.0

9.6

4.8

8.4

14

6.0

8.4

. .0

.0

Tr.

48

Tr.

12

7.2

12

19

Tr.

Tr.

.0

4.8

Tr.

14

7.2

.0

Tr.

46

13.1

3

fl!«

%3

3

98

122

134

117

119

117

110

122

130

150

74

102

165

176

190

278

305

232

288

80

156

212

152

85

51

111

112

93

83

88

61

93

95

98

135

[3

-2 %~oa

I" 

m

99

67

62

76

71

24

39

44

52

128

165

88

162

240

247

300

271

561

320

217

320

228

282

62

86

86

38

71

41

82

64

39

52

59

140

25.7

1

O

1""

g

1.0

.1

.5

.4

.5

1.2

1.0

1.2

.5

.4

Tr.

.5

.3

.2

.3

Tr.

.2

Tr.

.3

Tr.

.5

.2

.5

Tr.

Tr.

.2

.8

.5

.0

.4

Tr.

.5

.3

.2

.4

.0

5 

jf

o

42

45

68

42

40

13

26

34

41

103

117

76

110

132

188

252

216

700

339

205

292

188

292

55

71

78

24

65

42

82

55

24

35

38

121

22.2

1

£

""I

O3

3"o

350

324

348

318

298

257

236

311

286

491

584

377

636

797

877

1.131

1.035

2,198

1.311 '761

1.087

851

1.057

276

346

357

240

315

248

350

273

234

237

277

561

s

I.

Ifi"""

a

10.8

6.0

6.0

3.9

10.6

17.0

18.0

23.8

247

148

11.1

10.8

4.0

2.6

1.2

.2

- .5

-1.2

- .4

6.3

1.0

.2

1.3

6.8

4.9

6.8

12.6

10.8

9.6

6.0

7.6

13.0

9.9

8.9

o Analyses March 19 to May 8,1907, by James R. Evans; May 9 to March 19,1907, by R. B, Dole, Chase 

Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6 FeaO3.
96 SUBFACE WATEES EAST OF THE HUNDBEDTH MEBIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Rio Grande River at Laredo, Texfl 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date. 

(1905-6).

From 

Aug. 1 

Aug. 11 

Aug. 21 

Aug. 31 

Sept. 10 

Sept. 21 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 21 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 20 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 11 

Dec. 20 

Dec. 30 

Jan. 9 

Jan. 19 

Jan. 29 

Feb. 8 

Feb. 18 

Feb. 28 

Mar. 10 

Mar. 20 

Mar. 30 

Apr. 9 

Apr. 19 

Apr. 29 

May 9 

May 19 

May 29 

June 8 

June 18 

June 28 

July 8 

July 18 

July 28

Per et. 

drous

To 

Aug. 10 

Aug. 20 

Aug. 30 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 20 

Sept. 30 

Oct. 10 

Oct. 20 

Oct. 30 

Nov. 9 

Nov. 19 

Nov. 29 

Dee. 9 

Dec. 19 

Dec. 29 

Jan. 8 

Jan. 18 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 17 

Feb. 27 

Mar. 9 

Mar. 19 

Mar. 29 

Apr. 8 

Apr. 18 

Apr. 28 

May 8 

May 18 

May 28 

June 7 

June 17 

June 2 

July 7 

July 17 

July 27 

Aug. 2

of anhySuspended matter.

4,210 

3,750 

3,196 

892 

4,964 

3,064 

2,872 

2,056 

722 

354 

762 

1,222 

470 

1,772 

2,246 

696 

396 

212 

128 

358 

754 

562 

408 

270 

208 

396 

406 

1,828 

5,826 

5,320 

3,446 

6,428 

5,310 

7,726 

6,734 

6,382 

5,226

2,475

(SiO Silca ).2

35 

40 

33 

32 

31 

33 

33 

39 

36

22 

27 

27 

28 

23 

24 

26 

30 

29 

17 

23 

25 

34 

33 

25 

35 

27 

26 

31 

22 

35 

29 

26 

19 

21 

35 

32

29 

3.8

Oxides ironofandluminum (FesOa+AlsOa).

5.0 

3.4 

3.0 

3.8 

2.4 

2.2 

2.6 

3 0 

4.6

2.4 

3.2 

2.6 

2.0 

2.6 

3.2 

4.4 

3.6 

4.0 

4.6 

2.6 

1.0 

1.8 

4.0 

4.0 

4.0 

3.4 

10.2 

6.2 

5.8 

3.2 

7.0 

3.4 

1.6 

2.4 

2.4 

2.2

3.6

.5

'S' 

o

1 

o

137 

204 

117 

98 

104 

87 

67 

97 

98

110 

76 

108 

107 

87 

92 

112 

149 

142 

130 

82 

83 

104 

112 

105 

107 

103 

131 

151 

83 

85 

89 

97 

64 

68 

72 

69

104 

13.7

'bio

a

<o

a

18 

25 

14 

20 

19 

14 

10 

17 

20

25 

15 

26 

23 

18 

20 

31 

35 

35 

34 

19 

22 

29 

34 

28 

38 

36 

38 

31 

27 

20 

25 

20 

18 

12 

11 

10

23 

3.0

Sodium (Na).

104 

102 

118 

96 

65 

64 

51

104

122 

98 

72 

97 

122 

153 

142 

118 

141 

103 

143 

147 

145 

190 

162 

205 

131 

81 

89 

86 

137 

78 

65 

82 

72

112 

14.8

g 

1

9.5 

9.9 

7.2 

5.2 

49 

3.6 

5.2 

6.5 

9.6

4.9 

12 

4.7 

4.5 

5.9 

6.0 

3.7 

3.1 

11 

5.4 

3.9

8.9 

5.9 

5.1 

4.4 

5.7 

10 

8.8 

6.8 

7.4 

6.3

6.6 

.9

Carbonate radicle 

(COi).

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

66.3 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

613 

66.3

.0 

11.6

Bicarbonate radicle 

(HC0 ).8

164 

159 

166 

178 

185 

165 

161 

178 

195

190 

153 

176 

165

212 

245 

185 

188 

126 

160

"i75" 

169 

166 

159 

255 

225 

204 

170 

172 

172 

157 

171 

150 

147

178

o

!s 

5§OS 1

f

44f 

267 

202 

18f 

202 

164

se

135 

192

23J 

15f 

252. 

243 

191 

192. 

268 

298 

33C 

322 

192 

19? 

254 

294 

297 31« 

3 1C 

308 

368 

16S 

210 

193 

236 

146 

112 lie

US

228 

30.1

Chlorine (Cl).

128 

143 

111 

144 

152 

77 

71 

134 

134

203 

139 

182 

144 

113 

149 

201 

240 

241 

241 

82 

120

"227' 

265 

304 

292 

346 

275 

121 

154 

115 

166 

105 

103 

74 

50

164 

21.6

Total dissolved 

solids.

772 

1,090 

664 

676 

746 

540 

436 

600 

684 

836 

864 

612 

904 

812 

612 

720 

956 

1,080 

1,112 

1,072 

668 

690 

916 

1,004 

1,054 

1,040 

1,072 

1,304 

1,094 

580 

752 

654 

782 

524 

480 

466 

410

791

+9 

1* 3, 

II

too

a

I

6.7 

7.1 

5.7 

4.8 

6.5 

6.6 

6.9 

5.3 

4.2 

3.8 

4.6 

5.2 

4.9 

4.7 

5.4 

4.6 

4.0 

3.6 

3.5 

4.2 

5.1 

4.4 

3.6 

3.1 

2.9 

3.2 

3.0 

4.3 

4.9 

5.0 

5.4 

4.6 

4.2 

4.8 

7.3 

8.4 

9.5

------

a Analyses by W. H. Heileman.

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOa in the average.
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 97

Mineral analyses of water from Roanoke River at Randolph, Va.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date.

(1906-7). ]

From 

Sept. 7

Sept. 17

Sept. 27

Oct. 10

Oct. 26

Nov. 6

Nov. 18

Dec. 1

Dec. 16

Dec. 28

Jan. 7

Jan. 17

Jan. 27

Feb. 6

Mar. 3

Mar. 13

Mar. 26

Apr. 5

Apr. 19

Apr. 30

Mean

To 

Sept. 16

Sept. 26

Oct. 4

Oct. 25

Nov. 5

Nov. 17

Nov. 27

Dec. 15

Dec. 27

Jan. 6

Jan. 16

Jan. 26

Feb. 6

Mar. 2

Mar. 12

Mar. 25

Apr. 4

Apr. M

Apr. 29

May 12

Per ct. of anhydrous residue .

 3

H£j ^

500

300

270

290

38

21

350

17

'26

23

26

60

'29"

65

171

28iO

400

169

I

TJ 

O>

1

o>ft3OQ

40

56

328

282

38

21

272

19

156

139

39

23

24

63

192

63

77

139

238

327

127

§

"o .

.iso

8

0

0.08

.19

1.22

.97

1.00

1.00

.78

1.12

"i.'so"

1.00

.92

1.05

2. 17

1.18

.81

.82

.82

t

1 a

'o

EH

14

14

15

14

2.6

1.2

15

1.4

7.7

7.3

1.9

2.1

2.3

3.9

7.7

1.6

2.1

6.5

18

16

7.7

^

O

0

3

02

25

24

16

23

19

22

23

29

20

19

23

25

18

13

25

17

13

24

28

22

21

28.2

it

^

0

ft

2.5

1.5

1.2

2.1

.4

.3

1.3

.4

1.0

1.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

1.0

.19

.32

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

cl.8

<~.

O,

'o

^

10

8.8

9.0

8.4

11

11

8.8

11

9.2

8.8

9.4

10

9.6

9.4

8.8

8.4

9.8

9.6

10

9.6

9.5

12.8

"tic

a

'i

C3

a

4.4

2.8

3.2

2.6

4.4

4.4

3.8

4.6

3.8

3.6

3.8

4.0

3.6

2.8

3.2

2.6

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.2

3.5

4.7

4x. l£

H H 3 H

0 

DO

6.5

6.9

6.3

6.6

7.4

7.2

2.8

3.9

5.4

2.5

4.5

3.2

4.4

7.2

7.1

7.6

7.6

7.2

8.5

5.9

7.9

£

1x

SO

o

"I

CO

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

68.2

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

35.1

£

si OT

13offl i~

5

57

55

48

45

59

61

50

61

50

56

52

54

51

46

44

34

51

50

55

58

53

£

1 .

it«v^

ft

3

OQ

3.6

3.8

4.0

3.0

4.3

4.9

5.7

4.4

4.3

4.1

4.6

4.6

4.1

4.8

4.8

4.3

4.8

4.9

5.1

4.1

4.4

5.9

[Six

o

15-£|

fc

0.5

.3

Tr.

.7

.5

.6

.9

.5

.4

.9

.6

.4

.3

.3

1.0

.0

.2

1.0

1.0

.5

.5

.7

S

1

0

2.4

2.6

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.5

1.9

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.4

2.9

2.6

2.2

1.3

1.7

2.0

1.4

2.2

2.6

2.2

3.0

1

1«*! 3"o

6-1

102

90

74

84

76

80

82

87

75

72

69

81

68

62

87

65

64

83

91

85

79

.....

« Analyses September 7 to November 27,1906, by R. B. Dole; December 1,1906, to April 4, 19V, by E. B. 

Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 5 to May 12,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts. 

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOa in the average. 

c Fe2O3.

8464 IBR 236 09 7
98 SUKFACB WATEES EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MEFIDIAK.

Mineral analyses of water from St. Lawrence River at Ogdensburg, N. Y.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

Sept. 18...........

Oct. 18............

Nov. 18...........

Jan. 18..... .......

Mar. 18............

Apr.23.... ........

May 22..... .......

July 20..... .......

Aug. 18. ..........

Per ct. of anhyTurbidity.

,

1

5

3

18

4

1

4.5

Suspended matter.

Tr

(SiO ).Silica 2

9 6

8,2

3.7

66

66

5.0

7.7

7.1

3.9

5.3

ft. 4

5.0

!

0.06

.03

.05

.04

.04

.05

.05

.06

.05

.03

.04

.05

6.1

(Ca). Calcium 

32

32

31

32

31

31

30

30

32

32

32

91

23.6

^

a

'1

aCS

6.9

6.5

7.3

7.1

7.4

7.3

7.7

7.6

6.9

7.4

7.3

7.2

5.5

and Sodiumpotas- (Na+K). sium 

6.2

6.7

6.1

5.7

6.9

5.4

7.3

6.8

6.1

5.8

6.1

6

9

4.8

radicle Carbonate 

(CO,).

4.2

3.7

4.2

Tr.

3.6

Tr.

2.5

4.0

0.0

4.4

4.8

9 9

45.7

Bicarbonate radi-

(HCO cle ).3

114

115

114

123

117

120

116

113

118

112

111

116

_2 "o

 3

C3

fH .

,c 

"3

GO

12

12

12

13

13

13

12

12

12

14

12

12

9.2

radicle Nitrate 

(NO,).

Tr.

Tr.

0.6

.45

.25

.25

.15

.15

.8

.6

.4

0.3

0.2

(Cl). Chlorine 

7.7

7 6

7.6

7.8

7,7

7 3

7 ?,

7,9

8 6

8,3

7,7

5.9

"o

w £' %

CS

o 

H

135

134

138

133

135

138

141

143

WO

133

137

134

1 .

03 ^

6JJOJ

a

at

244.93

244.68

244. 62

244.64

245. 20

245.42

245.32

245.74

246.05

246. 12

245.90

a Analyses by R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts. 

6

Mineral analyses of water from Saluda River near Columbia, S. C.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 27 

Nov. 6 

Nov. 17 

Nov. 29 

Dec. 9 

Jan. 4 

Jan. 16 

Jan. 26 

Feb. 5 

Feb. 15 

Feb. 25 

Mar. 15 

Mar. 25 

Apr. 4 

Apr. 14 

Apr. 24

Mean

To 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 16 

Nov. 28 

Dec. 8 

Dec. 19 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 25 

Feb. 4 

Feb. 14 

Feb. 24 

Mar. 14 

Mar. 24 

Apr. 3 

Apr. 13 

Apr. 23 

May 3

Per ct. of anhydrous residua e.

jj> 

3 

 8

B 

H

70 

95 

40 

35

85 

25 

45 

60 

70 

55 

65 

45 

18 

15 

250 

185

72

1

 o

1

B 02

35 

30 

21 

18 

60 

17 

34 

46 

55 

33 

48 

40 

17 

12 

230 

166

54

Coefficient fine-of 

ness.

0.50 

.32

.52 

.51

.71 

.68 

.76 

.77 

.78 

.60 

.74 

.89 

.94 

.80 

.92 

.90

.71

(SiOs). Silica 

23 

26 

23 

20 

20 

32 

19 

17 

27 

15 

18 

21 

19 

20 

20 

22

21 

33.6

Iron (Fe).

1.0 

.8 

.6 

.30 

.5 

.20 

.40 

.20 

.30 

.20 

.20 

.10 

.10 "."if"

.30

.38 

/.9

(Ca). Calcium 

6.3 

42 

9.1 

10 

3.9 

11 

12 

8.4 

7.2 

9.6 

10 

9.6 

10 

10 

7.5 

6.0

8.4 

13.6

'So

a

1

a

0.8 

Tr. 

1.2 

1.6 

Tr. 

2.0 

2.4 

1.2 

.8 

Tr. 

1.2 

1.6 

1.2 

1.6 

2.8 

2.4

1.3 

2.1

Sodium andpotas- 

(Na+K).6 sium 

.....

-----

-----

66.0 

9.6

Carbonate radicle 

(CO,).

0.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

26.0

Bicarbonate radi-(HC0 ).cle 3

27

34 

39

44 

44 

29 

24 

29 

34 

34 

34 

34 

32 

24

33

S

0

IH

llA

Sf 

a m

.....

c5.C 

8.C

Nitrate radicle 

(NOa).

0.3 

.5 

.5 

.7 

.8 

.5 

.5 

.3 

.3 

.1 

.6 

.4 

.4 

.4 

.3 

.4

.43

.7

(Cl). Chlorine 

4.0 

4.0 

1.0 

2.0 

2.2 

2.5 

2.5 

5.0 

4.0 

3.5 

45 

3.0 

4.5 

5.0 

4.5 

4.0

3.5 

5.6

dissolved Total

solids.

63 

55 

68 

70 

48 

80 

66 

60 

67 

50 

62 

64 

60 

71 

57 

55

62

i

% 

II

C 1

1.4 

1.5 

1.7 

4.2 

5.2 

5.6 

3.6 

3.8 

4.5 

3.2 

3.6 

2.1 

2.0 

2.7 

2.6 

5.2

....

a Analyses by J. R. Evans.

6 Fluctuates oetween 1 and 10 parts; average value about 6 parts.

c Fluctuates between trace and 10 parts; average value about 5 pa~ts,

<J Gaging station at Chappells, S. C., 50 miles above,

« Approximate.

/ Fe»O3.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 99

Mineral analyses of water from Savannah River near Augusta, Ga.a> 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 25

Nov. 4

Nov. 14

Nov. 24

Dec. 4

Dec. 14

Dec. 24

Jan. 3

Jan. 13

Jan. 23

Feb. 3

Feb. 13

Mar. 13

Mar. 23

Apr. 2

Apr. 12

Apr. 22

May 2

May 12

May 23

June 2

June 12

June 22

July 4

July 14

July 24

Aug. 4

Aug. 14

Aug. 24

Sept. 3

Sept. 13

Sept. 23

Oct. 3

Oct. 13

To 

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Pec.

Dec.

Dec.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Feb.

Fob!

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Apr.

Apr.

May

May

May

June

June

June

July

July

July

Aug.

Aug.

Aug.

Sept.

3

13

23

3

13

23

2

12

22

2

12

22

22

1

11

21

1

ttl

22

1

11

21

3

13

23

3

13

23

2

Sept. 12

Sept. 22

Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

Mean

2

12

22

Per ct. of anhydrous residue. .

jj

!3

3

H

45

40

35

40

55

65

85

60

16

60

150

20

22

15

45

210

340

265

45

130

175

300

425

315

425

400

575

475

160

270

200

300

65

25

172

....

1

a

 o

 § 

a

1

3

CQ

33

17

12

17

20

22

55

46

10

41

127

17

15

14

42

205

316

248

38

142

259

231

338

255

446

419

424

318

75

159

72

299

59

25

142

....

,

§

*H

o .

p

'&

s

o

0.73

.42

.34

.42

.36

.34

.65

.77

.62

.68

.85

.85

.68

.93

.93

.98

.93

.94

.84

1.09

1.65

.77

.79

.81

1.05

1.05

.74

.67

.47

.59

.36

1.00

.91

1.00

.77

-j5-

g S

3 is 

o

~3." 2

5.2

14

9.6

14

9.4

18

14

46

28

7.9

11

9.3

21

5.6

2.4

 "S

O

S

I

33

<>1

28

32

32

34

31

36

24

17

30

23

13

12

20

23

26

20

17

37

31

21

17

15

25

30

14

15

16

22

18

19

14

16

21

23

35.0

0)

d

1i i

0.20

.30

.20

.30

.30

.40

.7

.40

.40

.7

1.2

.9

.9

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

.22

.20

.54

.08

.06

.20

.26

.04

Tr.

.04

Tr.

.04

.00

.04

Tr.

.00

44

c.9

"o?

o

i'

.g"3

o

5.4

6.2

4.4

4 9

6.4

6 2

3 9

3.9

6.0

8.2

5.4

7.6

5.6

8.4

8.4

7.6

5.5

7.2

5.9

5 2

4.9

5.1

5 1

5 0

5 0

4 7

5.1

5.1

5.0

t

^i.

If

 

S

03

S

1 <>

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

3.2

2.8

Tr.

1.6

4.8

2.8

.8

1.2

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

1.6

.4

.4

.4

.2

.4

.7

"."i

.6

.5

.5

50 .4

6.0 .5

6.0 .3

4.6 .4

5.3; .5

6 . 7 i

8. 7 1.2

,

 Sx.

p,U!

ll03 f-*

 H 3

o M

02

"is"

13

11

12

11

12

12

13

11

10

13

11

12

9.2

9.6

11

1OJ.A

18.3

S

_o"S

^

<nO

§

Ho

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

69.6

67.2

6Tr.

6Tr.

67.2

614

69.6

.0

63.6

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

62.4

.0

22.6

m

.2

tt

 go

Jw

§

.3

W

27

24

17

20

22

22

15

17

27

34

20

24

20

27

27

24

19

24

50

27

17

35

37

24

1 9.8

22

32

30

40

34

40

33

32

32

Oft ou

3, *i S

x.

o

-S£, 2'"'

I

3

OQ

"5.~5

5.7

6.1

5.6

5.8

5.5

7.3

7.4

6.8

6.7

6-0

5.3

5.8

4.9

4.7

6.0

6.0

9.1

"om

lx

«? -SJz;

03 s*'

ki

£

0.1

.6

.7

.8

.6

.5

.3

.8

.8

.4

.9

.6

.6

.5

.3

.3

.4

.2

.8

.7

.7

1.1

1.6

.2

.9

.0

3.0

.3

1.0

1.0

.7

.0

.7

.0

.6

1.0

O

§

o

|30

f.O

c.O

1.5

1.5

1.8

2.0

F.O

2.5

f.O

3.5

3.0

3.0

2.8

3.0

2.5

1.5

3.0

3.0

1.7

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.2

Tr.

1.8

1.7

2 0

2.2

2.2

1.6

1.9

1.8

2.1

3.2

 5

£

 - VJ "^2

«n

-u

o

^

56

77

59

64

74

72

78

54

60

70

53

52

42

55

59

52

42

45

90

78

61

51

54

67

76

53

53

56

63

58

64

49

53

61

6C

4i

 M

'S

_i.

Sto

50*^

d

a

9.6

9.0

10.4

9.2

9.6

10.8

11.0

11.2

9.3

9.3

14.2

9.2

9.4

8.4

8.5

8.4

11.6

9.5

8.3

8.3

9.8

8.2

8.8

7.7

8.4

7.6

7.4

9.5

6.5

6.8

6.1

10.9

6.3

5.3

-----

a Analyses October 25,1906, to May 11,1907, by J. R. Evans; May 12 to October 22,1907, by E. B. Dole, 

Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average.
100 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Shenandoah River at Millville, W. Vafl 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 12

Sept. 22

Oct. 2

Oct. 12

Oct. 22

Nov. 1

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 1

Dec. 11

Dec. 21

Dec. 31

Jan. 11

Jan. 21

Jan. 31

Feb. 10

Feb. 20

Mar. 2

Mar. 12

Mar. 22

Apr. 1

Apr. 11

Apr. 21

May 1

May 12

May 22

June 1

June 11

June 21

July 1

July 11

July 21

Aug. 1

Aug. 11

Aug. 21

Aug. 31

Mean

To 

Sept. 21

Oct. 1

Oct. 11

Oct. 21

Oct. 31

Nov. 10

Nov. 20

Nov. 30

Dec. 10

Dec. 20

Dec. 30

Jan. 10

Jan. 20

Jan. 30

Feb. 9

Feb. 19

Feb. 28

Mar. 11

Mar. 21

Mar. 31

Apr. 10

Apr. 20

Apr. 30

May 11

May 21

May 31

June 10

June 20

June 30

July 10

July 20

July 31

Aug. 10

Aug. 20

Aug . 30

Sept. 9

Per ct. of anhydrou,s residue

>> ij

D

EH

17

12

42

80

90

9

9

37

7

25

27

28

27

28

10

9

11

"75

19

11

75

i

f

£

c

150

85

$

11'i

{

38

i

20

~ 80

01 OX

1

s

-a 

,2*o

3

02

18

11

30

69

108

7

10

32

5.0

27

21

23

26

31

11

12

11

203

71

16

11

78

8.0

10

8.5

13

161

115

19

64

24

16

35

14

18

58

on Oo

A

!° to

 g §

§ a

1 

8

o

1.06

.92

.71

.86

1.20

.78

1.11

.86

.71

1.08

.78

.82

.96

1.11

1.10

1.33

1.00

"."95

.84

1.00

1.04

2.00

2.00

2.83

1.44

1.08

1.35

9.50

4.26

3.43

3.20

.92

3 50

.90

.72

1.64

X.

§/

a

.§

1

H

0.3

.2

.8

2.1

2.6

Tr..1

1.4

.1

.3

.5

1.0

.9

1.1

.4

.5

.4

3.7

1.5f

1 ]

2^1

.2

f j

, j

i

40

1.9

. j

.1

(

(

A

. ;

t

1.6

.9

'S

O

m

I

DQ

16

12

19

20

20

19

16

14

16

19

13

12

14

11

10

14

17

16

10

16

20

26

20

18

16

12

14

11

14

14

11

11

8 6

8 6

13

15

15

10.7

^

<x>

1£

Tr.

0.10

.05

.20

.20

Tr.

"c?

O

rt

1

o

35

35

33

28

28

38

.051 42

.20

.05

.06

.16

.14

.10

.12

.08

.06

.07

.13

.16

.05

.07

.13

.07

.06

.05

.06

.06

.08

.08

.05

.04

.03

.03

.03

.05

.06

.08

&.1

29

37

36

30

30

32

31

""36

36

34

31

30

35

28

31

32

28

31

2'

14

32

26

36

37

35

37

38

37

32

22.8

i

iM-l

1W 

S

11

12

9.4

8.0

7.4

6.8

7.6

7.2

9.8

11

8 0

7.4

7.6

7.0

10

9.4

9.0

8.4

7.4

7.8

9.6

6.4

7.6

8.0

7.8

7.6

5.4

5.4

9.2

5 6

" "9." 8

"7."8

7.4

8.2

5.9

S303 .

1?

 C +

Sg, fl"^

ll

OQ

5.0

6.2

5.8

6.0

5.8

5 7

4 9

5 2

.5.5

5.7

3.2

4.3

4.1

3.3

4.1

4.9

5.4

4.9

4.7 '4.7

9.1

5.8

' 6.0

6.9

8.5 "as

5.4

6 6

13

11

12

8 8

9.0

12

13

6.7

4.8

.3

1

'i

_gO

c3 ^

O

 §

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

Tr.

6.0

Tr.

6.0

.0

Tr.

.0

.0

.0

.0

5.8

.0

.0

.0

2.4

.0

4.8

4.8

3.6

.0

.0

.0

.0

2.4

4.8

4.8

.0

.0

.0

2.4

.0

1.3

47.3

S

_o

m'3

S§

otlj "1" 

3

M

156

160

142

118

116

163

161

122

147

155

120

120

.129

120

144

137

145

142

127

122 "io?

110

110

122

123

102

 71

127

108

142

159

149

152

149

149

132

-----

S

g 

M

O

.+.3 5^ ^

1-

D

02

3.6

3.4

5.1

6.1

4.6

6.1

5.8

6.5

7.1

5.9

5.4

5.9

6.6

4.8

5.8

8.1

7.1

6.9

5.3

6.1

6.6

5.9

5.6

5.9

6.1

4.9

5.8

5.3

4.9

7.9

8.1

8.7

8.4

8.1

7.9

S

1

'i

<cO

"^ f^

5

2.1

2.0

2.6

2.1

3.4

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.6

4.2

4.3

4.1

3.7

3.7

3.4

2.0

2.6

1.7

2.3

2.0

Tr.

1.8

1.3

1.5

2.0

1.0

2.1

2.4

7. 9 2. 1

6. 2 2. 6

44 1.9

^

Si

Q

|

O

2 6

3.2

3.0

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.2

2.6

2.8

2.4

3.0

3.4

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.3

2 2

3! 8

4.2

3.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

1.8

3.6

2.6

3.0

42

3.8

3.4

3.8

6.6

3.0

2.1

 a

<B 

1

.jg ^

 dg

r 1 O

O

EH

149

150

146

131

131

162

172

126

155

157

124

126

136

123

151

148

150

146

12.6

132

154

138

138

137

134

134

112

78

139

122

149

158

145

152

158

160

140

-----

w

a

Co 03

r^

1.4

1.3

2.2

3.9

46

2.2

1.8

2.9

1.7

2.4

2.7

2.9

3.1

32

2.2

2.5

2 2

2.5

3.3

2.4

....

"i.'s

1.5

1.4

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.3

....

a Analyses September 12 to December 10,1906, by R. B. Dole; December 11,1906, to March 31,1907, by 

R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 1 to June 30, 1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G, Roberts; July 1 to 

September 9,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 FeaO
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 101

Mineral analyses of water from Lake Superior at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

Sept. 22.........

Oct. 22. .........

Nov.22. ........

Dec. 20... .......

Jan. 22... .......

Mar.22. .........

Apr. 20.........

May 23... .......

July 22... .......

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

j Turbidity. ts 

1

9.

Tr,

Tr,

3

1

3

3

2

5

2

Suspended matter.

Tr.

Silica (SO ).a

11 

8.7 

5.9 

7.2 

4.7 

12 

12 

4.8 

4.6 

5.7 

5.3

7.4

12.7

Iron (Fe).

0.09 

.03 

.04 

.08 

.03 

.04 

.11 

.09 

.04 

.05 

.05

.06 

c.2

Calcium (Ca).

13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

14 

12 

13

13

22.4

"55

a

Is 

3

3.2 

3.1 

2.9 

2.9 

2.9 

3.2 

3.1 

3.0 

3.2 

3.0 

3.1

3.1 

5.3

Sodium and potas- (Na+K). sium 

3.9 

3.5 

2.0 

3.6 

2.0 

5.1 

3.5 

3.0 

3.3 

2.8 

2.9

3.2 

5.5

Carbonate radicle 

(CO,).

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0

47.5

Bicarbonate radi- 

(HCOg). cle 

59 

56 

54 

55 

55 

55 

56 

52 

59 

58 

60

56

[3

f

4.1 

3.8 

1.8 

1.8 

1.6 

1.7 

1.5 

1.5 

1.7 

1.5 

1.6

2.1 

3.6

Nitrate radicle 

(N0 ).8

0.25 

.25 

.45 

.30 

.45 

.35 

.30 

.55 

1.2 

1.2 

.50

.5 

.9

Chlorine (Cl).

1.0 

1.2 

1.4 

1.3 

1.2 

1.1 

1.0 

1.0 

1.2 

1.0 

1.1

1.1 

1.9

Total dissolved 

solids.

63 

61 

54

58 

53 

68 

64 

57 

59 

55 

66

60

1

602.95 

602.84 

602.66 

602. 45 

602.22 

602.06 

601.94 

602.10 

602.55 

602.70 

602.93

"Analyses by R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts.

t> Gaging station at Marquette, Mich., 160 miles west.
102 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Susquehanna River at West Pittstcn, Pa.« 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date.

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 28

Nov. 8

Nov. 28

Dec. 8

Dec. 19

Dec. 29

Jan. 8

Jan. 19

Jan. 30

Feb. 11

Feb. 21

Mar. 4

Mar. 14

Mar. 24

Apr. 3

Apr. 15

Apr. 25

May 5

May 15

May 25

June 4

June 14

June 24

July 4

July 14

July 25

Aug. 5

Aug. 16

Aug. 27

Sept. 7

Sept. 17

Sept. 27

Oct. 10

To 

Nov. 7

Nov. 16

Dec. 7

Dec. 17

Dec. 28

Jan. 7

Jan. 18

Jan. 29

Feb. 10

Feb. 20

Mar. 3

Mar. 13

Mar. 23

Apr. 2

Apr. 14

Apr. 24

May 4

May 14

May 24

June 3

June 13

June 23

July 3

July 13

July 24

Aug. 4

Aug. 15

Aug. 25

Sept. 6

Sept. 16

Sept. 26

Oct. 9

Oct. 22

Mean............

Per ct. of anhydrousresidue. .

 3 

3

e

5

3

8

37

12

150

27

21

2

2

2

2

65

33

8

"43

1

2

2

3

1

2

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

8

18

Tr.

5

3

14

1

"3

1

1

3

02

3.8

0.6

8 2

41

18

145

42

34

4.6

2.8

5.8

4.2

59

33

20

4.2

77

10

20

15

36

18

27

3.0

6.2

5.4

3.4

3.2

11

19

7.0

7.6

16

22

------

a<a

° 03

£ fl

o

$

0

0.76

.20

1.02

1.11

1.50

.97

1.55

1.62

2.30

1.40

2.90

2.10

.91

1.00

2.50

1. 79

10.00

10.00

7.50

12.00

18 00

13.50

1.38

1.06

1.52

5.33

4 00

*s

fe.

I

3"S

e

0.3

1.0

.4

1.4

.9

5.1

1.5

1.5

.6

.3

.4

.7

2.6

1.8

.9

.4

1.5

.5

.3

.3

.4

.2

.3

.3

.7

1.0

O

03 

O

3

OQ

12

10

8.4

10

8.4

10

10

8.0

8.8

16

8 2

9.0

12

5.4

12

14

15

18

9.2

6.4

12

10

3.4

23

14

7.8

9.0

5.4

14

8.4

8.0

13

4.0

10

11.3

'£

a

§

$H

0.04

.03

.03

.13

.14

.21

.19

.16

.14

.10

.12

.10

.13

.13

.21

.19

.22

.15

.29

.15

.27

.17

.06

.05

.06

.06

.05

.05

.11

.15

.06

.06

.06

.12

d.2

"c? 

O

1

"03

O

15

16

15

16

16

12

13

14

19

20

22

12

10

16

21

24

26

12 " "ii

12

14

26

27

26

24

25

26

20

17

20

17

18

20.4

s"2*

.2

103

s

2.4

3.0

2.8

2.0

1.6

1.4

1.6

1.6

2.4

2.6

3.2

3.2

2.6

2.0

2.2

3.4

3.9

6.0

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4 6

5.8

6.2

4.4

4 8

6.6

2.9

4.0

3.0

1.8

2.9

3.4

3.8

8 .

I?

*° 03

Sg,

II"o'«

02

4.1

4.7

4.4

6.5

6.5

6.6

5.0

5.5

5.4

6.6

7.4

"6.8

' "e.'s

6.3

5.8

9.0

9.0

9.1

8.2

7.1

11

11

3.8

3 5

4 6

3.3

9.1

3.5

5 5

"i."9

6.3

7.1

 §

1

fH 

go

1cs

o

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

c2.9

.0

7.2

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

c4.8

c4.8

c4.8

cl2

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

35.0

-3

_<gO

(->oS

3

61

62

56

58

58

47

38

46

54

72

81

83

25

26

56

96

36

35

43

27

54

98

"82

85

85

95

66

61

67

55

63

£ 3

03

 2 02

r3

02

8.2

8.1

8.5

12

11

10

15

13

18

13

12

12

10

11

9.2

17

18

18

18

19

20

17

20

21

17

14

11

11

12

13

14

12

9.7

14

15.8

 s

3

**'3

*i

tH

"-1

^

0.3

.4

1.0

3.0

2.0

3.0

3.6

3.0

6.0

4.0

2.2

3.2

2.6

1.6

2 0

2.0

1.5

1.7

.0

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

.8

1.0

.8

.8

.4

.3

.3

1.0

Tr.

.5

1.5

1.7

§"

 a§n

0

3.1

3.0

2.0

4.1

4.1

3.6

3.6

3.4

4.6

4.6

5 0

5.9

2.2

1.4

3.6

4 2

4 8

4 2

5 0

5 0

5.0

5.0

7.0

6.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

5.4

4.6

2 2

3.6

2.4

4.2

4.7

-a

"3

J3 w

"o

<n

"o

H

79

77

72

79

76

68

70

69

89

95

100

103

69

50

82

98

102

134

80

82

91

80

86

148

117

108

106

100

120

91

85

97

71

90

J3

f

0>S.

^1

§~

o>

_5 _

5.11

4.24

5.33

8.11

6.80

11.50

10.10

10. 10'

8.20

5.60

4.10

3.40

10.90

11.80

6.40

6 10

10.40

7.50

5 60

4.70

4.80

3.60

3.60

4.00

4 00

3.30

2.70

2.40

2.30

5.00

4.10

4.90

6.30

o Analyses October 28,1906, to. April 2,1907, by R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; Apri' 3 to July 3,1907, 

by Chase Palmer and M. G. RoBerts; July 4 to October 22,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. 

Collins.

6 Gaging station at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 10 miles above. 

Abnormal; computed as HCOS, in the average.
ANALYTICAL EEStTLTS. 103

Mineral analyses of water from Susquehanna River at Williamsport, Pa.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 21 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 22 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 23 

Jan. 2 

Jan 22 

Feb. 2 

Feb. 12 

Feb. 22 

Mar. 4 

Mar. 14 

Mar. 24 

Apr. 4 

Apr. 14 

Apr. 24 

May 4 

May 14 

May 24 

June 3 

June 13 

June 24 

July 4 

July 14 

July 24 

Aug. 3 

Aug. 13 

Aug. 23 

Sept. 2 

Sept. 12 

Sept. 22 

Oct. 3

Mean .

To 

Sept. 3 

Oct. I 

Oct. 2 

Oct. 3 

Nov. 1 NOV. a

Dec. 

Dec. : Dec. : 

Jan. 

Jan. 1 

Feb. 

Feb. : Feb. : Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. : Apr. 

Apr. 

Apr. £ 

May 

May 1 

May 2 

June 

June ] 

June 2 

July 

July 1 

July 2 

Aug. 

Aug. 1 

Aug. 2 

Sept. 

Sept. 1 

Sept. 2 

Oct. 

Oct. 1

Per ct. of anHj 

drous residue

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1

rTurbidity.

8 

7 

13 

9 

5 

6 

8 

14 

12 

11 

19 

7 

1 

4 

2 

3 

95 

13 

12 

1 

4 

1 

3 

Tr. 

9 

1 

78 

8 

4 

Tr. 

Tr. 

3 

Tr. 

Tr. 

2 

4 

8

10

I

 d 

1

m

8.0 

7 

16 

11 

4.2 

3.0 

7.2 

21 

10 

21 

34 

13 

0.8 

1.8 

0.8 

1.5 

170 

35 

9.2 

3.4 

16 

14 

13 

4.6 

29 

12 

78 

15 

15 

14 

10 

13 

5.2 

4.6

4.4 

7.0

18

fine- Coefficient of

ness.

1.00 

1.00 

1.23 

1.22 

.84 

.50 

.90 

1.50 

.83 

1.90 

1.79 

1.85 

.80 

.45 

.40 

.50 

1.79 

2.69 

.77 

.34 

.40 

14.00 

4.33

~3. 22 

12.00 

1.00 

1.88 

3.75

4.33

1.10

.88

2.23

Total iron(Fe).

0.1 

.3 

.3 

.1 

.4 

.4 

.6 

1.3 

1.0 

.8 

2.1 

.6 

.2 

.5 

.3 

.4 

7.2 

1.0 

.6 

.5 

1.0 

.9 

.6 

.2 

1.4 

.5 

2.2

.....

.3

.6

.9

(SiO ).Silica 2

7.6 

5.2 

9.0 

13 

5.4 

5.4 

5.2 

5.6 

6.2 

6.2 

6.2 

5.8 

4.0 

6.2 

5.8 

5.2 

13 

14 

8.0 

9.4 

16 

7.4 

18 

4.6 

3.6 

9.8 

12 

8.0 

6,8 

2.8 

3.8 

5.6 

5.4 

8.6 

5.8 

11 

5.6

7.6 

10.3

Iron (Fe).

0.10 

.10 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.13 

.16 

.11 

.14 

.15 

.11 

.12 

.11 

.06 

.09 

.10 

.19 

.25 

.12 

.13 

.17 

.15 

.14 

.12 

.12 

.11 

.12 

.12 

.06 

.11 

.15 

.12 

.13 

.16 

.14 

.05 

.08 

.06

.11 

c.2

(Ca). Calcium 

17.0 

17 

14 

8.4 

10 

11 

8.0 

8.4 

7.8 

8.4 

6.2 

8.8 

11 

13 

14 

14 

9.6 

10 

8.2 

9.0 

6.6 

6.6 

7.5 

9.6 

7.1 

9.0 

11 

8.7 

13 

17 

17 

19 

22 

23 

22 

24 

17

12 

16.3

I

1

4.6 

6.2 

3.0 

1.8 

. 2.2

ao

1.8 

2.0 

2.4 

2.4 

1.8 

2.4 

3.2 

3.6 

3.8 

4,0 

1.8 

2.2 

2,2 

2.1 

1.6 

1.5 

1.7 

2.2 

1.7 

2.2 

2.0 

3.4 

4.5 

4.9 

5.4 

7.1 

7.9 

7.9 

6.4 

5.4 

3.6

3.4 

4.6

Sodium andpotas- (Na+K). sium 

9.9 

8.0 

7.6 

6.0

7.7

" ~6."9 

4.9 

5.4 

4.6

3.8 

3.9 

5.7 

5.5 

6.0 

5.5 

8.4 

8.2 

8.8 

7.4 

4.9 

7.7

7.1

"2.~6 

2.2 

2.5 

2.8 

5.3 

6.0 

6.6 

5.8 

7.7

6.0 

8.1

Carbonate radicle 

(CO ).S

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

"".'6

64.8 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0

18.8

Bicarbonate radi-

(HCOs). cle 

40 

38 

33 

30 

24 

27 

20 

17 

14 

18 

15 

15 

18 

20 

22 

22

"i9

16

23 

29 

26 

32 

40 

55 

55 

38 

44

28

S 

o

1

 2cQ

rDm

41 

42 

34 

17 

23 

21 

17 

18 

19 

20 

16 

18 

27 

32 

34 

32 

18 

13 

19 

20 

14 

14 

16 

21 

15 

20 

19 

18 

26 

37 

37 

45 

39 

42 

51

"38

26 

35.3

radiole Nitrate 

(NOs).

0.5 

.9 

.6 

.4 

.5 

.5 

.6 

.6 

1.3 

1.5 

1.9 

1.4 

1.8 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6 

.9 

.4 

Tr. 

1.2 

1.0 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.6 

.2 

Tr. 

.2 

.2 

1.0 

.9 

.0 

1.1 

.5

.7 

1.0

(Cl). Chlorine 

5.4 

2.0 

4.6 

2.6 

3.4 

3.5 

2.6 

2.9 

3.4 

3.4 

2.9 

2.4 

4.1 

4.7 

5.0 

5.8 

1.7 

7.7 

3.4 

3.4 

2.4 

2.4 

2.4 

2.4 

2.2 

2.4 

3.6 

2.2 

3.4 

4.2 

4.8 

6.0 

6.6 

6.2 

7.8 

7.2 

6.2

To 

5.4

Total dissolved 

solids.

110 

123 

97 

68 

63 

66 

52 

55 

50 

55 

45 

49 

62 

73 

79 

78 

55 

69 

52 

62 

54 

41 

64 

55 

44 

62 

73 

57 

72 

81 

93 

111 

117 

128 

122 

120 

90

74

I

a^

bC g> &*i

a

0.93 

1.14 

1.86 

3.15 

2.03 

1.86 

3.06 

3.22 

3.63 

2.99 

6.78 

4.96 

2.79 

2.27 

1.80 

2.09 

10.89 

7.20 

3.37 

2.-64 

5.02 

4.67 

3.32 

2.22 

4.60 

2.65 

3.72 

2.98 

1.61 

1.04 

.67 

.50 

.36 

.58 

1.19 

1.20 

2.03

a Analyses September 21 to October 31,1906, by R. B. Dole; November 1,1906, to Marcl 13,1907, by 

R.B.Dole and M.G.Roberts; March 14 to April 3,1907, by M.G. Roberts; April 4 to Julys, 1307, by Chase 

Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July 4 to October 11,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Colltos.

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOs m the average.

c FeaO3.
104 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MEBIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from SusqueJianna River at Danville, Pa.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 10

Sept. 21

Oct. 1

Oct. 11

Oct. 21

Nov. 1

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 1

Dec. 11

Dec. 23

Jan. 2

Jan. 12

Jan. 22

Feb. 1

Feb. 13 l?6b 2^t

Mar'. 5

Mar. 15

Mar. 25

Apr. 4

Apr. 14

Apr. 24

May 4

May 14

May 24

June 3

June 13

June 23

July 3

July 13

July 24

Aug. 3

Aug. 13

Aug. 23

Sept. 2

To 

Sept. 20

Sept. 30

Oct. 10

Oct. 20

Oct. 31

Nov. 10

Nov. 20

Nov. 30

Dec. 10

Dec. 21

Jan. 1

Jan. 11

Jan. 21

Jan. 31

Feb. 11

Feb. 22

Mar. 4

Mar'. 14

Mar. 24

Apr. 3

Apr. 13

Apr. 23

May 3 

May 13

May 23

June 2

June 12

June 22

July 2

July 12

July 23

Aug. 2

Aug. 12

Aug. 22

Sept. 1

Sept. 11

Mean ............

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

 3

|

3

4

22

5

29

8

9

19

13

19

22

53

41

8

12

15

6

30

55

19

10

11

42 

18

8

40

3

3

40

8

8

1

Tr.

Tr.

Tr.

7

16

jj"S

a

a

a> 

P.

DQ

1 6

18

6

61

8.0

7.8

40

14

21

23

80

18

13

2.2

4.4

2.2

30

71

26

12

13

54 

19

9.4

43

5.2

5.2

39

34

21

16

48

4.6

9.0

10

21

-----

I

o 

.S §

o

O

"6." 40

.82

1.20

2.10

1.00

.87

2.10

1.08

1.10

1.04

1.51

.44

1.63

.18

.29

07 * o/

1.00

1.29

1.37

1.20

1.18

1.28 

1.06

1.18

1.08

1.73

1.73

.97

4.25

2.62

16.00

.....

.....

i.43

1 7^t 1. itl

^

1

3o

EH

" "Tr".

0.4

.1

2.3

.3

.3

1.8

.6

1.0

.8

2.1

1.5

.9

'.7

1.0

3.0

1.4

.5

.6

1.9

.8

.5

1. '.SC

.8

.5

.3

.2

.2

.1

.4

.8

.....

O 

55-

a

£>

3

15.0

14

8.2

6.4

7.0

6.0

6.0

3.8

7.6

9.6

14

6.4

15

23

8.0

5.2

11

9.0

15

6.4

6.0

12

12 

12

9.6

13

7.2

6.2

4.0

6.0

42

4.8

40

4.0

2.8

o. R 7 1

7.7

-j

a

1

0.30

Tr.

Tr

Tr.

.05

.06

.05

.18

.09

.10

.10

.19

.26

.10

.06

.06

Ofi !os

.15

.12

.08

.08

.13 

.10

.06

.18

.03

.05

.03

.06

.06

.06

.05

.05

.04

.12

.OS

c.l

"3" 

o

|S

3

~22.~6

18

18

13

16

12

17

15

19

9.4

15

30

27

32

25

26

6.4

11

20

19

12

18

19

22

19

25

23

21

23

22

28

32

34

35

21

18.7

x.

g

'55

103

~"6.~2

5.0

5.2

5.6

2.6

3.4

2.8

4.0

3.6

5.4

3.0

4.0

"6.0

7.2

6.4

6.4

1.4

2.2

2.8

2.2

1.0 

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.2

4.0

5.6

4.8

5.6

5.0

6.8

9.8

10

11

4.6

4.1

ma 

If

iiO w 

DQ

7.2

11

8.7

8.2

8.0

6.6

7.2

6.5

8.4

8.2

9.4

4.7

16

9.8

10

12

o n o. U

12

4.9

5.4

9.8

11

8.2 

8.0

13

12

8.8

13

5.7

7.9

5.2

9.9

9.0

7.7

11

9.0

8.9

7.9

S

 S

So

C3O

o

a O

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

614

.0

.0

64.8

.0

.0

.0

.0

63.4

bTr.

.0 

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

66.0

.0

.0

66.0

.0

.0

23.7

3

S.A

|8

If

«

48

55

48

47

67

45

56

41

51

50

52

28

40

76

68

67

61

66

24

34

43

44

43

48

58

65

48

65 "hi

55

41

60

62

50

79

54

"3

"3

s>0 

a

fl

DQ

3d

53

35

28

17

15

22

13

24

20

25

13

22

42

39

40

41

42

10

14

22

22

14

18

20

21

21

30

32

31

32

37

47

63

71

71

31

27.6

o

2| !""

1

0.2

.8

.4

1.5

1.3

.0

Tr.

.3

2.6

2.6

5.6

2.0

3.0

11

7.2

7.2

3.6

7.0

1.9

2.0

5.3

5.2

3.1 

3.0

6.1

5.1

6.2

6.2

3.7

2.8

1.8

1.8

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.4

3.0

O

I

3 

o

4.2

4.9

43

5.0

4.8

3.1

4.7

2.2

5.8

5.3

8.6

2.3

5.8

16

12

13

6.5

9.8

2.4

3.4

10

9.4

5.3 

7.0

9.6

9.4

11

14

12

10

10

11

11

13

13

11

8.1

7.2

'O 

s>

>

'S'o

«

'3

 e 

o

124

141

105

98

98

73

88

64

92

86

112

55

121

178

140

152

134

142

56

62

104

99

76 

95

108

120

100

138

126

116

121

122

143

170

177

....

112

i's

fl .

05 >S 9"

<c

2.50

2.40

2.79

2.90

5.01

4.71

3.95

6.12

5.25

5.75

483

10.52

7.14

6.10

3.94

3.28

4.38

9.70

9.24

5.26

5.18

7.82 

6.37

4.95

4.10

4.36

3.41

3.19

3.86

3.63

3.08

2.59

2.24

2.12

2.52

a Analyses September 10 to November 30,1906, by R. B. Dole; December 1, 1906, to April 3, 1907, by 

R. B. Dole and M. G. Roberts; April 4 to July 2,1907, by Chase Palmer and M. G. Roberts; July3 to Septem 

ber 11,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

6 Abnormal; computed as HCO3 in the average.
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. 105

Mineral analyses of water from Tennessee River near Knoxville, Tenn.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 26 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 15 

Nov. 25 

Dec. 5 

Dec. 16 

Dec. 31 

Jan. 10 

Jan. 20 

Jan. 30 

Feb. 25 

Mar. 8 

Mar. 18 

Mar. 28 

Apr. 7 

Apr. 17 

Apr. 27 

May 7 

May 15 

May 25 

June 4 

June 14 

June 24 

July 4 

July 14 

Aug. 4 

Aug. 14 

Aug. 24 

Sept. 3 

Sept. 14 

Sept. 30 

Oct. 16

Mean

To 

Nov. 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 2 

Dec. 

Dec. 1 

Dec. 31 

Jan. 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 2 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 1 

Mar. 2 

Apr. 

Apr. 1 

Apr. 2 

May 

May 1 

May 2 

June 

June 1 

June a 

July 

July 1 

July 2 

Aug. 1 

Aug. 2 

Sept. 

Sept. 1 

Sept. 2 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 2i

Per ct. of anhy 

drous residue

t 

t 

t 

t 

i 

) 

) 

) 

) 

3 

r 

r 

r 

i 

i 

5 

5 

i 

4 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

3 

3 

2 

3 

8 

5 

8

Turbidity.

48 

75 

280 

300 

215 

105 

80 

25 

25 

55 

45 

60 

275 

240 

135 

155 

170 

105 

55 

85 

325 

335 

460 

267 

310 

350 

425 

400 

285 

700 

110 

20

204

Suspended matter.

21

28 

212 

194 

173 

79 

64 

16 

15 

33 

32 

48 

237 

193 

136 

164 

196 

88 

58 

60 

450 

365 

290 

221 

300 

184 

177 

202 

117 

506 

81 

45

156

Coefficient fine- of

ness.

0.44 

.37 

.76 

.65 

.81 

.75 

.80 

.64 

.60 

.60 

.71 

.80 

.86 

.80 

1.01 

1.06 

1.15 

.84 

1.06 

.71 

1.38 

1.09 

.63 

.83 

.97 

.53 

.42 

.50 

.41 

.72 

.74 

2.25

.81

(Fe). Total iron

9.1 

7.2 

11 

6.1 

18 

3.8 

.9

Silica (Si0 ).2

18 

26 

29 

26 

30 

24 

25 

28 

13 

16 

14 

10 

37 

38 

30 

15 

20 

12 

15 

1?

17 

20 

25 

19 

19 

30 

30 

33 

44 

49 

57 

15

25 

21.0

Iron (Fe).

0.40 

.6 

.8 

.9 

.7 

.10 

.30 

.20 

.20 

.40 

.10 

.40 

.20 

.20 

.30 

.20 

.30 

.20 

.20 

40

.6 

.40 

.30 

.40 

.40 

1.4 

1.1 

1.4 

1.0 

1.9 

1.1 

.08

.54 

c. 6

^

Q

J3

26 

18 

20 

22 

23 

21 

21 

20 

20 

23 

24 

26 

20 

19 

26 

22 

20 

20 

22

m

21 

24 

21 

20 

23 

24

"28" 

2ff 

22 

24 

26

22 

18.4

Magnesium (Mg).

1.6

3.6 

4.0 

2.8 

2.8 

1.2 

1.2 

2.0 

3.6 

2.4 

3.2 

6.4

3.6 

4.4

5.5

t; 7

4.3 

4.7

5.0 

4.8 

5.0 

5.6 

5.3 

5.9 

6.4 

5.7 

6.5 

7.4

4.3 

3.6

Sodium andpotas- sium (Na+K).

::: :

-----

\z"

12 

"7."9'

"8~2~ 

7.2 

9.1 

6.9 

10 

6.6 

3.8 

6.6

8.2 

6.9

Carbonate radicle 

(C0 ).8

0.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

Tr.& 

Tr.6 

63.6 

63.6 

Tr.6 

64.8 

64.8

.0 

35.5

Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 ).3

83

77 

78 

93 

73 

66 

68 

63 

76 

80 

85 

85 

78

98 

85

73 

73 

102 

95 

90 

103 

101 

99 

93 

98 

101 

89 

92 

88 

85 

96

86

03 

]3

H§OQ 05 ^^

%

3

DQ

.....

-----

"i's

5.0 

5.8 

4.9 

7.2 

5.6 

8.1 

6.9 

6.6. 

7.1 

7.1 

8.4 

6.2 

6.5

6.4 

5.4

Nitrate radicle 

).(NOS

0.2

.8

.2 

.3 

.3 

.7 

.9 

1.0 

.8 

.4 

.4 

.3 

.7 

.4 

.2 

1.1 

.9 

.8 

.5 

.5 

1.3 

2.0 

1.4 

.6 

1.1 

1.2 

1.2 

1.0 

Tr. 

1.5 

.5

.8 

.6

Chlorine (Cl).

6.0

12

12 

10 

18 

7.0 

10 

12 

4.5 

6.5 

11 

8.5 

10 

6.5 

9.0 

7.5 

6.5 

10 

11 

10 

6.0 

7.0 

9.5 

7.0 

11 

9.6 

11 

17 

13 

14 

5.8

9.6

8.0

dissolved Total 

solids.

Ill 

93 

128 

124 

131 

136 

105 

118 

96 

99 

103 

114 

136 

136 

133 

105 

99 

88 

109 

110 

120 

125 

126 

120 

118 

141 

139 

143 

164 

164 

162 

119

122

+3

J§ 

05^*

S

'2.5 

1.9 

8.4 

3.4 

2.4 

4.2 

5.8 

2.8 

2.8 

3.0 

4.5 

5.7 

3.4 

2.8 

4.4 

3.9 

3.9 

5.1 

2.4 

2.3 

6.9 

5.6 

2.9 

2.0 

3.3 

1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.8 

3.1 

1.7 

0.8

a Analyses Octdber 26,1906, to May 14,1907, by Jas. R. Evans; May 15 to July 24,1907, by W. D. Collins; 

August 4 to October 26,1907, by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6 Abnormal; coknputed as HCOs in the average. 

c Fe2Oa. '
106 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Tennessee River near Gilbertsville, 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Oct.' 24 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 11 

Dec. 21 

Dec. 31 

Jan. 11 

Jan. 21 

Jan. 31 

Feb. 10 

Feb. 20 

Mar. 2 

Mar. 12 

Mar. 22 

Apr. 1 

Apr. 11 

Apr. 23 

May 3 

May 14 

May 25 

June 4 

June 14 

June 26 

July 8 

July 18 

July 29 

Aug. 10 

Aug. 21 

Sept. 2 

Sept. 12 

Sept. 24 

Oct. 4 

Oct. 15

Per ct. 

drou

To 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 20 

Dec. 30 

Jan. 10 

Jan. 20 

Jan. 30 

Feb. 9 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 1 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 21 

Mar. 31 

Apr. 10 

Apr. 22 

May 2 

May 12 

May 24 

June 3 

June 13 

June 25 

July 7 

July 17 

July 28 

Aug. 9 

Aug. 20 

Aug. 31 

Sept. 11 

Sept. 23 

Oct. 3 

Oct. 14 

Oct. 24

of anhyTurbidity.

40 

290 

225 

205 

125 

270 

30 

35 

190 

95 

380 

170 

210 

40 

210 

80 

115 

105 

175 

90 

50 

125 

250 

140 

160 

115 

75 

85 

80 

190 

290 

375 

40

153

fr4

1

 o 

<u

I 

021

35

258 

186 

161 

94 

245 

21 

19 

158 

74 

290 

142 

185 

32 

196 

75 

124 

96 

172 

143 

57 

109 

201 

135 

100 

76 

91 

80 

82 

106 

170 

184 

94

127

fine- ofCoefficient 

ness.

0.87 

.89 

.83 

.78 

.75 

.91 

.70 

.54 

.83 

.78 

.76 

.84 

.88 

.80 

.93 

.94 

1.08 

.91 

.98 

1.59 

1.14 

.87 

.80 

.96 

.62 

.66 

1.21 

.94 

1.02 

.56 

.59 

.49 

2.35

.90

(Fe). Total iron 

-----

"i.6

4.9 

7.0

).(Si0 Silica 2

30 

28 

36 

31 

15 

28 

26 

12 

27 

17 

26 

22 

38 

21 

32 

16 

18 

16

11 

11 

6.6 

8.8 

14 

11 

15 

12 

11 

15 

20 

27 

19 

12

20 

19.6

(Fe). Iron 

0.8 

.6 

.40 

.6 

.30 

.40 

.40 

.20 

.40 

.30 

.40 

.10 

.20 

.20 

.20 

.40 

.30 

.20 

1,0

.20 

.17 

.40

~.~30" 

.28 

.21 

.05 

.29 

.28 

.6 

1.0 

1.2 

.08

.39

d.6

(Ca). Calcium 

11 

12 

14 

13 

17 

14 

16 

19 

16 

17 

15 

20 

24 

17 

22 

16 

17 

18

22 

21 

20 

26 

21 

21 

124 

21 

21 

24 

21 

21 

19 

20

19 

18.6

(Mg). Magnesium 

2.8 

3.2 

4.8 

3.2 

4.8 

6.0 

4.0 

1.2 

1,6 

4.4 

4.8

5.2 

2.0 

6.0 

6.4

2.8 

2.5 

4.8 

4.9 

3.8 

2.2 

5.6 

5.2 

4.5 

3.8 

5.8 

5.3 

4.9 

3.5 

3.6

4.1 

4.0

and potas- Sdium 

(Na+K). sium 

-----

5.7 

9.2 

5.4 

8.6 

3.8 

7.5 

10

"e.Y 

10 

6.1 

5.4 

12 

9.4

7.7 

7.5

radicle Carbonate 

).(C03

0,0

0

.0

0

.0

.0

0

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

<-4.8 

"3.6

.0

34.8

Bicarbonate radi- 

(HCO ).cle 3

56

51

49

54

R1

fi1

71

76

68

54

64

88

68

73

68

73

73

61 

73 

73 

72 

93 

82 

82 

87

76~ 

88 

87 

90 

71 

72

72

£ "3

1 . 

it

H 3

02

12 

13 

11 

12 

11 

12 

13 

13 

14 

14 

9.6 

7.9 

7.1 

7.4 

6.4

11

10.8

radicle Nitrate 

(N0 ).3

0.4 

.8 

.8 

1.0 

.7 

1.1 

1.2 

.5 

1.0 

.4 

.3 

.3 

.7 

.3 

.1 

1.3 

1.1 

1.0 

1.8 

2.2 

Tr. 

4.0 

3.1 

2.1 

 1.8 

1.8 

1.9 

2.7 

0.5 

2.0 

1.2 

1.1 

Tr.

1.2 

1.2

(Cl). Chlorine 

2.0 

1.0 

1.5 

1.5 

7.0 

3.0 

2.7 

2.5 

2.0 

2.2 

2.0 

1.0 

3.8 

2.0 

2.0 

3.5 

4.5 

4.0 

1.0 

1.4 

2.3 

4.8 

2.2 

1.9 

2 9 

4.'0 

2.5 

4.3 

4.0 

4.2 

4.8 

6.0 

3.0

3.0

2.9

B

!lcfl M

o

H

99 

94 

102 

109 

96 

120 

102 

88 

84 

85 

79 

86 

130 

95 

112 

82 

90 

90 

106 

112 

91 

114 

103 

102 

118

"95" 

107 

112 

108 

121 

107 

89

101

+^

JiL

If

1

6.0 

9.6 

15.4 

8.1 

11.2 

19.6 

10.8 

12.9 

18.0 

10.3 

7.3 

22.3 

19.2 

12.8 

7.4 

9.2 

10.0 

17.6 

17.0 

7.0 

8.4 

10.8 

6.3 

4.6 

5.3 

3.7 

3.4 

3.4 

3.1 

3.3 

6.5 

4.1 

2.5

.....

o Analyses October 24,1906, to May 12,1907, by J. B. Evans; May 14 to September 11, 1907, by Walton 

Van Winkle; September 12 to October 24,1907, by B. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins. 

6 Gaging station at Johnsonville, Tenn., 80 miles above, 

c Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average. 

d Fe2 03.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS.

Mineral analyses of water from Tombigbee River near Epes, A1a.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 24 

Nov. 3 

Nov. 13 

Nov. 23 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 23 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 25 

Feb. 4 

Feb. 14 

Feb. 25 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 21 

Mar. 31 

Apr. 14 

Apr. 24 

May 4 

May 14 

May 25 

June 4 

June 22 

July 3 

July 13 

July 23 

Aug. 2 

Aug. 12 

Aug. 22 

Sept. 14 

Sept .25 

Oct. 5 

Oct. 15

Mean

To 

Nov. 2 

Nov. 12 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 2 

Dec. 12 

Dec. 22 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 14 

Jan. 24 

Feb. 3 

Feb. 13 

Feb. 24 

Mar. 9 

Mar. 20 

Mar. 30 

Apr. 13 

Apr. 23 

May 3 

May 13 

May 24 

June 3 

June 20 

July 2 

Julv 12 

July 22 

Aug. 1 

Aug. 11 

Aug. 21 

Aug. 31 

Sept. 24 

Oct. 4 

Oct. 14 

Oct. 24

Per ct. of anhydrous residue. .

Turbidity.

95 

85 

90 

90 

85 

95 

135 

55 

30 

145 

130 

8 

380 

85 -55 

140 

320 

450 

120 

180 

300 

220 

260 

200 

45 

35 

60 

100 

90 

20 

50 

20 

10

126

Suspended matter.

61 

60 

88 

58 

54 

64 

105 

39 

19 

100 

99 

5.6 

310 

64 

48 

156 

300 

415 

95 

118 

179 

129 

252 

147 

46 

28 

30 

78 

47 

20 

60 

25 

16

100

Coefficient offineness.

0.64 

.70 

.98 

.64 

.63 

.67 

.78 

.71 

.63 

.69 

.76 

.70 

.82 

.75 

.87 

1.12 

.94 

.92 

.79 

.66 

.60 

.59 

.97 

.73 

1.02 

.80 

.50 

.78 

.52 

1.00 

1.20 

1.25 

1.60

.82

(Fe). Total iron

7.0 

10 

7.9 

8.8 

8.8 

2.4 

2.4 

3.7 

3.3 

3.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.3 

1.1

Silica (SiO ).2

37 

34 

23 

36 

32

27 

40 

20 

19 

33 

22 

9/6 

31 

19 

21 

26 

28 

33 

21 

15

23 

30 

39 

27 

25 

20 

23 

29 

16 

23 

10 

18

25 

25.4

Iron (Fe).

0.40 

.20 

.9 

.30 

40

.20 

.40 

.40 

.8 

.20 

.6 

.10 

.40 

.40 

.40 

.30 

.8 

.9 

1.0 

1.0 

1.6 

1.0 

.52 

1.0 

1.0 

1.2 

1.0 

.32 

1.0 

.52 

.33 

.24 

.98

.63 

6.9

(Ca). Calcium 

12 

11 

17

22 

16 

18 

21 

12 

12 

22 

14 

18 

17 

20 

22 

20 

20 

21 

22

"23" 

19 

18 

21 

22 

21 

18 

16 

13

18 

18.3

60

a

o>

3

2.8 

2.8 

2.4 

Tr,

Tr

Tr

2.4

2.0 

1.6 

1.2 

Tr. 

2.4 

3.2 

5.2 

2.8 

2.4 

2.4 

1.6 

1.9 

2.6 

1.9

2.0 

1.8 

1.6 

1.5 

.9 

.8 

.9 

1.5 

1.0 

1.2

1.8 

1.8

Sodium andpotas- sium (Na+K).

8.5 

12 

8.2 

11 

11 

12 

10 

11 

11 

11 

8.8 

12 

7.9 

7.6

10 

10.1

Carbonate radicle 

(COa).

0.0

.0

,0

.0

.0

.0

,0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

,0

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

33.5

Bicarbonate radicle (HCO ).8

49

46

71

76

73

61

61

41

39

68

51

66

56

68

73

61

79 

93 

72 

90 

94 

83

"75 

82 

73 

71 

50 

46

67

Sulphate radicle 

(S0 ).4

6.2 

5.9 

6.4 

6.6 

7.1 

6.7 

5.9 

7.9 

5.7 

6.1 

4.8 

5.2 

6.7 

6.5

6.3 

6.4

Nitrate radicle 

(N0 ).3

0.4 

.3 

.3 

.1 

.4 

.6 

.5 

.4 

.3 

.3 

.8 

.5 

.2 

.4 

.6 

.3 

.4 

.2 

.1 

.0 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.2 

1.7 

1.5 

1.4 

1.3 

5.0 

1.2

.6 

.6

Chlorine (Cl).

3.5 

3.0 

2.5 

2.0 

1.5 

1.8 

5.0 

4.0 

4.5 

3.5 

2.2 

3.8 

3.0 

2.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

4.0 

3.5 

1.8 

1.8 

1.8 

2.4 

2.6 

3.2 

1.8 

4.2 

2.6 

2.4 

3.4 

3.0 

2. 6 

3.0

3.0 

3.0

Total dvedi1s o

solids.

95 

85 

104 

71 

68 

57 

129 

100 

93 

102 

75 

51 

118 

73 

88 

92 

97 

104 

88 

94

ioi

127 

129 

119 

96 

95 

102 

115 

94 

98 

71 

73

94

Io>

a

o> T?* 

E»g> si

a

3.7 

1.9 

4.1 

9.8 

5.3 

10.7 

11.2 

12.5 

7.0 

10.5 

31.1 

7.8 

28.0 

20.6 

8.4 

5.8 

9.4 

12.3 

31.2 

33.8 

21.6 

12.1 

4.3 

3.5 

2.9 

2.4 

1.7 

1.6 

2.0 

.7 

1.4 

.9 

1.0

« Analyses October 24,1906, to May 13,1907, by J. R. Evans; May 14 to October 14,1907, by R. B. Dole, 

Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.
108 SUBPACE WATERS EAST OP THE HUNDBEDTH MEFTDlAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Wabash River near Logansport, 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 19 

Sept. 30 

Oct. 12 

Oct. 22 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 1 

Dec. 11 

Dec. 22 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 12 

Jan. 21 

Jan. 31 

Feb. 10 

Feb. 21 

Mar. 4 

Mar. 14 

Mar. 24 

Apr. 4 

Apr. 15 

Apr. 26 

May 8 

May 18 

May 29 

June 8 

June 19 

June 29 

July 10 

July 22 

Aug. 1 

Aug. 11 

Aug. 21 

Aug. 31

Mean.

Per ct 

drou

To 

Sept. 18 

Sept. 29 

Oct. 9 

Oct. 21 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 20 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 21 

Dec. 31 

Jan. 10 

Jan. 20 

Jan. 30 

Feb. 9 

Feb. 20 

Mar. 3 

Mar. 13 

Mar. 23 

Apr. 3 

Apr. 14 

Apr. 25 

May 7 

May 17 

May 28 

June 7 

June 18 

June 28 

July 8 

July 21 

July 31 

Aug. 10 

Aug. 20 

Aug. 30 

Sept. 9

of anhy-

£, '<5 

2

105 

50 

20 

10 

10 

10 

10 

125 

150 

145 

50 

295 

240 

280 

10 

Tr. 

10 

370 

650 

145 

30 

5 

10 

8 

20 

90 

150 

230 

50 

900 

140 

50 

85 

75 

75

132

Suspended matter.

80 

31 

18 

3.6 

6.0 

7.2 

7.4 

128 

128 

140 

39 

270 

205 

161 

4.4 

Tr. 

4.0 

285 

435 

86 

18 

Tr.

28 

99 

155 

208 

52 

802 

115 

116 

74 

66 

84

117

Coemcient offineness.

0.76 

.62 

.90 

.36 

.60 

.72 

.74 

1.02 

.85 

.97 

.78 

.92 

.85 

.57 

.44

.40 

.77 

.67 

.59 

.60

1.40 

1.10 

1.03 

.90 

1.04 

.89 

.82 

2.32 

.87 

.88 

1.12

.85

O

CO

1OQ

11

17 

8.0 

9.6 

10 

13 

11 

19 

22 

17 

29 

21 

27 

8.4 

16 

10 

6.4 

38 

12 

10 

8.0 

10 

5.0

9.8 

18 

11 

11 

14 

11 

11 

9.0 

20 

9.8

14 

1.8

(Fe). Iron 

0.15 

Tr. 

.10 

.10 

.20 

.10 

.08 

.20 

.40 

.85 

.20

1.2 

1.2 

.10 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.05 

1.2 

.25 

.20 

.22 

.07 

.04 

.04 

.20 

.15 

.15 

.05 

.10 

.02 

.05 

.05 

.05 

.08

.23 

c.O

(Ca). Calcium 

66 

102 

109

117 

128 

112 

133 

91 

77 

68 

92 

48 

52 

52 

97 

102 

94 

83 

43 

57 

60

"(&' 

87 

90 

66 

67 

61 

88 

63 

67 

84 

85 

89 

67

82 

10.7

"S3

a

8

3

62 

60 

63

68

77

"74" 

33 

36 

25 

36 

15 

17 

17 

35 

36 

35 

34 

15 

19 

25 

33 

36 

32 

33 

22 

18 

20 

29 

20 

22 

33 

35 

44 

24

35

4.6

and Sodium potas- (Na+K). sium 

382

434 

473 

478 

461 

169 

112 

61 

105 

34 

28 

33 

97 

119 

115 

118 

22 

38 

83 

98 

115 

98

59 

31 

53

""62" 

53 

102 

108 

176 

94

142

18.5

radicle Carbonate 

(C0 ).3

67.9 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 ( .o

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

15.1

Bicarbonate radi-

(HC0 cle ).8

190 

259 

242 

258 

276 

314 

317 

206 

218 

166 

259 

127 

144 

150 

298 

292 

278

116 

187 

240 

258 

234 

242 

260 

195 

194 

207 

277 

195 

239 

288 

292 

295 

217

234

QJ 'o

1 .

£%

rOQ

f2 

f7 IP

114 

101. 

112 

lf-8 

?3 

97 

75 

102 

M 

44 

52 

99 

94 

111 

88 

46 

60 

76 

87 

89 

89 

85 

60 

42 

53 

63 

50 

56 

64 

73 

80 

48

79 

10.3

Nitrate radicle 

(NOi).

0.0 

.0 

.0 

Tr. 

.0 

.4 

.0 

18 

11 

11 

18 

9.7 

13 

5.6 

6.4 

6.0 

8.4 

7.3 

16 

4.4 

6.7 

7.9 

3.2 

4.3 

4.1 

6.1 

7.5 

5.0 

4.4 

8.8 

2.9 

2.2 

1.8 

1.8 

3.5

5.9 

.8

(Cl). Chlorine 

741 

690 

737 

866 

915 

960 

889 

320 

223 

114 

198 

57 

51 

49 

175 

222 

204 

218 

35 

60 

153 

222 

223 

185 

233 

117 

63 

89 

188 

95 

83 

174 

214 

313 

150

292 

38.2

ved dTotal i1so

solids.

1,461 

1,515 

1,596 

1,785 

1,882 

1,940 

1,905 

841 

681 

498 

703 

323 

309 

320 

651 

727 

711 

713 

311 

374 

559 

697 

748 

672 

713 

478 

388 

422 

620 

425 

434 

659 

734 

932 

527

807

^Analyses September 9, 1906, to February 9, 1907, by W. M. Barr; February 10 to March 3, 1907, by 

H. S. Spaulding; March 4 to September 9, 1907, by Walton Van Winkle, 

ft Abnormal; computed as HCOs in the average.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 109

Mfoeral analyses of water from Wabash River at Vincennes, Indfl 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 20 

Oct. 2 

Oct. 17 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 14 

Nov. 25 

Dec. 5 

Dec. 15 

Dec. 26 

Jan. 7 

Jan. 18 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 19 

Mar. 1 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 26 

Apr. 16 

Apr. 27 

May 10 

May 20 

June 3 

June 14 

June 27 

July 8 

July 19 

Aug. 1 

Aug. 15 

Aug. 27 

Sept. 7

Per ct. 

drou<

To 

Sept. ^9 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 16 

Oct. 30 

Nov. 13 

Nov. 24 

Dec. 4 

Dec. 15 

Dec. 25 

Jan. 5 

Jan. 17 

Jan. 27 

Feb. 6 

Feb. 18 

Feb. 28 

Mar. 10 

Mar. 25 

Apr. 15 

Apr. 24 

May Is 

May 19 

June 1 

June 13 

June 26 

July 7 

July 18 

July il 

Aug. 14 

Aug. 26 

Sept. 6 

Sept. 16

of anhyTurbidity.

50 

90 "is"

25 

205 

180 

290 

135 

190 

170 

315 

120 

40 

30 

50 

625 

75 

75 

50 

85 

425 

195 

170 

300 

280 

300 

450 

130 

80 

30

172

Suspended matter.

38 

36 

21 

18 

26 

187 

181 

294 

164 

214 

122 

194 

68 

52 

28 

36 

624 

70 

43 

76 

187 

656 

305 

221 

381 

270 

409 

567 

156 

246 

81

193

Coefficient offineness.

0.76 

.40

'i'.20 

1.04 

.91 

1.00 

1.02 

1.22 

1.13 

.72 

.62 

.57 

1.30 

.93 

.72 

1.00 

.93 

.57 

1.52 

2.20 

1.54 

1.56 

1.30 

1.27 

.97 

1.36 

1.26 

1.20 

3.07 

2.70

1.20

Silica (SiO ).2

8.0 

5.4 

12 

12 

10 

11 

12 

5.2 

12 

13 

15 

30 

18 

12 

12 

15 

36 

16 

9.0 

10 

6.4 

3.0 

5.6 

14 

16 

12 

16 

14 

13 

9.2 

28

13 

3.9

Iron (Fe).

0.05 

.05 

.10 

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.25 

.40 

.40 

.6 

.7

.9 

.10 

.05 

.15 

1.8 

.18 

.09 

.28 

.17 

.21 

.01 

.05 

.20 

.20 

.02 

.01 

.09 

.04 

.01

.24 

c.l

Calcium (Ca).

54 

65 

61 

75 

73 

68 

63 

64 

59 

62 

45

47 

69 

69 

69 

46 

58

"62~ 

61 

51 

51 

62 

62 

62 

53 

62 

62 

64 

61

61 

18.4

"S

a

1

3

26 

24

25 

26 

30 

27 

20 

18 

16 

22 

16

19 

23 

22 

25 

22 

17 

23 

24 

24 

17 

15

22 

20 

17 

20 

21 

24 

20

22 

6.6

Sodium andpotas- sium (Na+K).

46 

49 

31 

54 

60

36 

19 

21 

19 

12 

8.1 

12

25 

29 

10 

12 

20 

26 

20 

19 

13 

21 

17 

21 

15 

21 

24 

29 

28

25 

7.5

Carbonate radicle 

(C0 ).3

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

34.1

Bicarbonate radi-cle (HCO ).3

232 

254 

232 

266 

279 

246 

200 

188 

196 

209

"i47~ 

168 

264 

255 

256 

171 

216 

246 

228 

264 

192

220 

255 

252 

208 

253 

262 

264 

241

230

<o 

3

0,0 -SoQ ri

55 

56 

64 

68 

60 

65 

71 

67 

58 

61 

39 

39

73

60 

72 

46

ei

61 

57 

46

51 

44 

45 

37 

50 

45 

45 

49

55 

16.6

Nitrate radicle 

(NO,).

1.3 

1.3 

4.4 

4.4 

1.8 

2.2 

11 

16 

18 

5.3 

13 

6.5 

6.1 

8.1 

8.8 

8.5 

6.1 

7.8 

7.9 

6.9 

.8 

6.6 

16 

11 

7.5 

.9 

3.5 

2.0 

1.9 

1.1 

1.1

6.4 

2.0

Chlorine (Cl).

84 

90 

60 

89 

104 

84 

53 

29 

26 

21 

13 

8.3 

8.8 

24 

30 

28 

21 

16 

27 

37 

27 

14 

15 

33 

20 

24 

14 

13 

20 

26 

43

36 

10.8

 O

I

.2 « -o-o

ro

H

421 

436 

376 

470 

504 

436 

360 

322 

330 

307 

232 

209 

242 

348 

358 

356 

287 

288 

339 

350 

335 

268 

295 

329 

317 

316 

283 

311 

302 

322 

362

336

£

2*

H

a

1.6 

1.3 

2.3 

1.4 

1.1 

3.9 

9.1 

8.9 

13.2 

10.5 

22.8 

23.3 

19.4 

7.0 

6.0 

6.4 

18.6 

8.0 

5.3 

7.9 

5.9 

6.8 

15.8 

7.2 

6.0 

5.5 

8.2 

4.3 

3.8 

3.8 

3.7

a Analyses September 9,1906, to February 6,1907, by W. M. Barr; February 7 to 28,1907, by H. S. 

Spaulding; March 1 to September 16,1907, by Walton Van Winkle. 

6 Gaging station at Mount Carmel, 111., 30 miles below. 

c FeaOj.
110 SURFACE WATERS EAST OF THE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN.

Mineral analyses of water from Wateree River near Camden, 8. C.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Oct. 21

Nov. 1

Nov. 11

Nov. 21

Dec. 2

Dec. 14

Dec. 25

Jan. 4

Jan. 16

Jan. 26

Feb. 5

Feb. 16

Feb. 27

Mar. 10

Mar. 20

Mar. 30

Apr. 9

Apr. 19 

Apr. 29

May 10

May 20

May 31

June 10

June 20

June 30

July 10

July 20

July 30

Aug. 10

Aug. 24

Sept. 4

Sept. 15

Sept. 25

Oct. 15

Mean

To 

Oct. 30

Nov. 10

Nov. 20

Dec. 1

Dec. 13

Dec. 24

Jan. 3

Jan. 14

Jan. 25

Feb. 4

Feb. 15

Feb. 26

Mar. 8

Mar. 19

Mar. 29

Apr. 8

Apr. 18

Apr. 28 

May 9

May 19

May 30

June 9

June 19

June 29

July 9

Julv 19

July 29

Aug. 9

Aug. 20

Sept. 3

Sept. 14

Sept. 24

Oct. 4

Oct. 25

Per ct. of anhydrous residue .

"2

IS

3

EH

70

55

AK rlO

75

60

85

125

75

10

35

35

60

80

65

105

35

15

80 

75

140

325

500

600

500

730

566

960

960

475

525

400

350

550

45

259

3

a 1

t

3

02

65

13

21

28

25

50

62

7.0

24

29

48

65

51

94

34

14

99

84

94

254

546

720

544

619

494

606

606

421

406

231

284

530

40

214

-----

1td

o

"3 1 §«

o

o

0.93

.24

.47

.37

.42

.59

.50

.83

.70

.68

.83

.80

.81

.78

.90

.97

.93

1.24 

'1.12

.67

.78

1.09

1.20

1.09

.85

.87

.63

.63

.89

.77

.58

.81

.96

.89

.79

'v

\

H"o

E-i

.....

-----

.....

.....

ll'9 6

21

18

15

10

24

2.2

-----

O 

S

1

55

25

24

28 .-

-£*

a

o

£

0. 5

0

31 .7

28

31

43

16

30

15

17

18

16

16

19

23

29 

21

26

41

19

25

31

34

31

19

22

20

23

17

si

33

25

37.9

.8

.9

.20

. 40

!io'.30

.30

.10

.20

.10

.20

.20

.20

.30 

.20

62.8

63.2

63.2

63.0

64.0

64.0

62.0

.03

.40

.07

.06

.04

.04

Tr.

.03

28

c.6

'3 

o

"I

'si

O

6.8

5.5

4. 7

e!o

s! 5

6.2

d ^t. 961 "s'o"

8.8

9.6

8.4

"Q.2

10

7.2

5.0

5.5

6.1

7.3

4.5

4.9

4.9

6.3

6.5

5.3

5.8

5.6

5.0

5.5

8.0

3.1

6.1

6.3

9.5

X,

8

Si

OS

s

4.8

.8

Tr.

1.2

1.6

1.6

.8

Tr.

1.2

2.0

2.0

1.6

Tr.

1.2

.8

1.2

2.8

1.6

.8

4.0

2.8

1.3

2.4

3.1

2.3

2.6

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.4

2.3

4.4

1.4

1.4

1

0 

. O

2.7

&* "o£4

ll

ll

02

.....

.....

.....

..... "s.'o"

6.0

10

6.1

3.5

6.3

7.5

11

11

8.7

11

8.8

12

7.6

12

8.4

12.7

-i

'3

"c3Q

§'"'

.Q

~.

O

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0 

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

25.4

 3

Sx.

jw^

§ §

s

33

22

22

22

24

37

39

32

30

32

27

46

29

34

29

22 

22

47

43

35

37

35

37

41

40

40

39

38

39

26

43

1

ii

-Sra

ftf

CQ

.....

.....

.....

"TT."

2.0

4.3

5.6

6.6

1.8

5.9

5.4

4.3

4.6

4.4

4.1

4.4

5 4

4.e

4.3

4.2

6.4

«

o

2|

S-4

2

0.9

Tr.

.3

.4

.5

.6

.5

.8

.1

.9

.1

.4

.3

.8

.6

.5

.2

.1

.2

.4

.3

.5

.3

.5

.2

.2

.7

.7

.5

.6

.3

Tr

.5

Tr.

.4

.6

S

s

g

3

o

2.5

4.0

2.0

3.0

2.8

2.5

4.0

4.0

3.0

3.5

3.3

4.0

4.0

1.2

2.0

3.5

3.0

4.5 

4 0

3.0

2 0

3 0

2.0

2.0

3 0

2.5

1.9

1.7

1.4

2.2 '2.2

1,4

2.2

2.2

2

0 

. 5

4.2

1

Ii«0

171

65

58

60

70

65

69

95

56

62

73

51

60

60

69

48

68

58

61 

48

91

118

115

90

108

106

112

60

68

63

64

60

74

77

7QIO

I

 s

ft .

C3 O>

a

w

"

14.8

8.3

7J7

10.8

8.1

8.8

10.4

8.9

6.8

6.3

9.3

7.7

10.3

8.3

6.6

6.1

6.3

10.6 

8.5

6.8

62

14.5

10.4

8.4

9.3

8.3

7.2

6.6

7.3

6.9

5.3

4.8

10.7

- 4.0

« Analyses October 21, 1906, to May 9,1907, by Jas. B. Evans; May 10 to July 19, 1907, by W. D. 

Collins; July 20 to October 25,1907, by B. B. Dole, Cnase Palmer, and W. D. Colliis. 

6 Omitted from average, 

c FeA-
ANALYTICAL EESULTS. Ill

Mineral analyses of water from East Fork of White River near Azalia, Ind.a 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date 

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 12 

Sept. 24 

Oct. 5 

Oct. 16 

OcL 26 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 17 

Nov. 28 

Dec. 8 

Dec. 19 

Dec. 29 

Jan. 8 

Jan. 18 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 8 

Feb. 18 

Feb. 28 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 21 

Mar. 31 

Apr. 10 

Apr. 21 

Apr. 30 

May 10 

May 22 

June 1 

June 12 

June 24 

July 4 

July 15 

July 25 

Aug. 4 

Aug. 14 

Aug. 25 

Sept. 4 

Sept. 14 

Sept. 24

ToKept. 23 

Oct. 3 

Oct. 15 

Oct. 25 

Nov. 4 

Nov. 16 

Nov. 27 

Dec. 7 

Dec. 18 

Dec. 28 

"Jan. [7 

Jan. 17 

Jan. 27 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 17 

Feb. 27 

Mar. JO 

Mar. 20 

Mar. 30 

Apr. 9 

Apr. 19 

Apr. 29 

May 9 

May 21 

May 31 

June 11 

June 23 

July 3 

July 14 

July 24 

Aug. 3 

Aug. 13 

Aug. 24 

Sept. 3 

Sept. 13 

Sept. 23 

Oct. 3

Per ct. of anhydrous residue..

Turbidity.

25 

55 

25 

10 

10 

5 

95 

25 

40 

10 

125 

70 

120 

5 

5 

5 

50 

220 

30 

10 

3 

20 

10 

75 

105 

245 

60 

10 

245 

75 

50 

10 

10 

10 

5 

30 

25

52

Suspended matter.

22 

61 

29 

14 

9.2 

Tr. 

98 

26 

39 

3.2 

114 

32 

67 

Tr. 

7.6 

2.0 

53 

155 

32 

Tr. 

Tr. 

31 

Tr. 

62 

94 

240 

93 

Tr. 

213 

78

47 

14 

28 

Tr. 

30 

26

48

fine- Coefficient of

ness.

0.88 

1.11 

1.16 

1.40 

.92

1.03 

1.04 

.98 

.32 

.91 

 .46 

.56,

1.52 

.40 

1.06

.70 

1.07

1.55

.83 

.90 

.98 

1.55

.87 

1.04

4.70 

1.40 

2.80 "i.'oo"

1.04

1.18

Silica (SiO ).2

29 

13 

18 

9.6 

13 

15 

11 

18 

22 

13 

21 

16 

16 

22 

12 

15 

15 

21 

11 

10 

11 

6.6 

8.0 

6.8 

9.0 

14 

25 

15 

13 

15 

13 

13 

18 

12 

14 

16 

21

15 

5.3

Iron (Fe).

Tr. 

0.10 

.10 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.05 

.30 

.05 

.10 

,05 

1.2 

Tr. 

.40 

Tr. 

.10 

Tr. 

TV 

.8 

.15 

.10 

.05 

.20 

.01 

.04 

.16 

.25 

.20 

.01 

.35 

.12 

.08 

.01 

Tr. 

.10 

.01 

Tr. 

Tr.

.14 

<M

Calcium (Ca).

56 

64 

66 

63 

70 

53 

67 

62 

66 

42 

45 

43 

70 

79 

68 

60 

42 

64 

60 

58 

56 

59

58 

54 

64 

66 

58 

64 

67 

72

65 

64 

67 

66

61 

21.5

Magnesium (Mg).

24 

25 

26 

29 

28 18- 

24 

20 

27 "is"

16 

27 

26 

28 

22

"21 

22 

24 

23 

24 

24 

23 

17 

19 

24 

21 

23

"26" 

?5

25 

25 

22 

22

23 

8.1

Sodium andpotas- 

(Na+K). sium 

8.6; 

7.6 

15 j 12 

16 

13 

12

13 

5.6 

7.5 

4.8 

6.3

11 

9.4 

11 

7.9 

5.6 

7.6 

7.8 

6.7 

6.2 

5.9 

5.9 

5.2 

7.3 

9.2 

13 

12 

14

9.2 

13 

11 

12

9.5 

3.3

radicle Carbonate 

(C0 ).8

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

' .0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

68.4 

612

.0 

48.0

Bicarbonate rad-(HCO ).icle 8

293 

268 

290 

300 

319 

316 

225 

307 

266 

303 

176 

184 

177 

300 

320 

318 

267 

192 

284

279 

246 268- 

266 

258 

230 

269 

323 

263 

300 

304 

316 

316 

308 

320 

261 

259

276

S o

L 

»0

 BOQ

r

OQ

24 

30 

26 

25 

35 

33 

34 

40 

37 

33 

28 

35 

23 

32 

39 

34 

34 

18 

31 

30 

33 

36 

31 

32 

33 

23 

28 

26 

26 

27 

28 

35 

31 

29 

29 

26 

28

30 

10.6

o

0

 O . (3"w

nOIs

i

1.8 

2.2 

3.9 

.9 

.5 

1.4 

4.4 

9.7 

8.8 

9.7 

4.4 

7.9 

7.0 

7.3 

9.2 

6.2 

9.9 

8.6 

5.0 

8.8 

12 

9.6 

7.5 

4.4 

6.0 

10 

4.4 

4.2 

6.0 

7.8 

4.9 

1.6 

1.1 

2.2 

2.6 

2.2 

1.7

5.6 

2.0

S

o> "Sa

§

8.0 

5.5 

3.7 

4.1 

5.9 

2.0 

2.4 

2.7 

2.3 "i.'s"

1.6

2.0 

2.2 

2.7 

2.5 

2.3 

2.5 

2.8 

2.0 

2.3 

2.4 

2.3 

2.5 

2.2 

1.6 

1.9 

3.1 

1.6 

2.0 

2.5 

3.8 To"

5.3 

6.0 

6.2

3.1

1.1

1.i w 02 -""& (3 °° 

O

305 

264 

290 

280 

302 

305 

236 

311 

289 

306 

196 

197 

196 

307 

312 

331 

272 

209 

280 

269 

283 

261 

280 

256 

269 

240 

292 

305 

256 

303 

297 

334 

329 

291 

300 

286 

292

279

o Analyses September 12,1906, to February 17, 1907, by W. M. Barr; February 18 to 27,1907, by H. S. 

Spaulding; February 28 to September 13,1907, by Walton Van Winkle; September 14 to October 3,1907, 

by R. B. Dole, Chase Palmer, and W. D. Collins.

& Abnormal; computed as JJCO? in the average.
112 SUKFACE WATEKS EAST OP THE HUNDKEDTH MEFIDIAlSr.

Mineral analyses of water from West Fork of White River near Indianapolis, Indfl 

[Parts per million, unless otherwise stated.]

Date

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 8 

Sept. 19 

Sept. 29 

Oct. 9 

Oct. 20 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 12 

Nov. 23 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 23 

Jan. 5 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 26 

Feb. 5 

Feb. 16 

Feb. 26 

Mar. 8 

Mar. 18 

Mar. 28 

Apr. 8 

Apr. 18 

Apr. 29 

May 9 

May 20 

June 1 

June 11 

June 21 

July 1 

July 13 

July 23 

Aug. 3 

Aug. 14 

Aug. 24 

Sept. 4

Per et. 

drou.

To 

Sept. 18 

Sept. 28 

Oct. 8 

Oct. 19 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 2 

Dec. 12 

Dec. 22 

Jan. 4 

Jan. 14 

Jan. 25 

Feb. 4 

Feb. 14 

Feb. 25 

Mar. 7 

Mar. 17 

Mar. 27 

Apr. 7 

Apr. 17 

Apr. 27 

May 8 

May 19 

May 30 

June 10 

June 20 

June 30 

July 11 

July 22 

Aug 2 

Aug. 13 

Aug. 23 

Sept. 3 

Sept. 12

of anhyTurbidity.

25 

20 

25 

15 

10 

10 

10 

40 

30 

30 

40 

125 

125 

20 

10 

Tr. 

5 

235 

35 

10 

5 

5 

10 

10 

20 

80 

50 

25 

50 

130 

80 

30 

20 

20 

10

39

Suspended matter.

18 

12 

13 

5.6 

5.2 

11 

8.8 

28 

21 

29 

27 

96 

101 

25 

4.8 

Tr.

124 

30

Tr. 

Tr. 

34

50 

52 

71

36 

122 

111

72 

26

17

38

Coefficient offineness.

0.72 

.60 

.52 

.37 

.52 

1.10 

.88 

.70 

.70 

.97 

.68 

.77 

.81 

1.25 

.48

.53

.86

3.40

2.50- 

.65 

1.42

.72 

.94 

1.39 

2.40 

1.30 

.85

1.04

(SIOs). Silica 

27 

20 

22 

11 

8.4 

19 

14 

18 

22 

20 

16 

13 

18 

12 

10 

10 

15 

9.0 

16 

7.0 

12 

8.8 

8.8 

10 

6.8 

9.6 

23 

16 

13 

14 

9.0 

15 

11 

12 

15

14 

3.1

(Fe). Iron 

0.10 

Tr. 

.7 

.10 

.10 

Tr. 

.20 

Tr. 

.13 

.20 

.8 

.5 

.6 

.10 

.10 

.10 

.08 

.20 

Tr. 

.10 

.18 

.20 

.05 

.02 

.02 

.01 

.05 

.06 

.10 

.05 

.01 

Tr. 

.02 

.30 

.08

.15 

c.O

(Ca). Calcium 

81 

83 

78 

84 

93 

95 

95 

73 

77 

71 

79 

50 

48 

79 

86 

 82 

79 

62 

64 

66 

75 

65 

69 

72 

74 

61 

67 

69 

70 

66 

72 

74 

77 

70 

75

74 

16.4

'53

S 

1

3

36 

43 

37 

37

"38~ 

36 

27 

34 

33 

28 "i7~

26 

32 

29 

31 

23 

24 

24 

27 

30 

30 

29 

27 

22 

21 

26 

27 

19 

22 

28 

30 

29 

22

29 

6.4

and Sodium potas- sium (Na+K).

78 

127 

91 

109 

138 

129 

123 

44 

47 

26 

34 

14 

20 

20 

38 

38 

49 

26 

21 

32 

36 

41 

34 

35 

35 

18 

14

29 

17 

26 

31 

42 

42 

37

48 

10.7

radicle Carbonate 

(COi).

0.0 

.0 

b6.5 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

31.8

rad- Bicarbonate icle (HCO ).8

301 

303 

280 

293 

331 

344 

353 

266 

287 

254 

290 

205

293 

349 

311 

314

262 

266 

281 

273 

280 

282 

282 

236 

260 

298 

298 

259 

305 

312 

326 

295 

298

291

S0

H hi 

s>0 

a

f 

3 

QQ

67 

78 

74 

73 

125 

75 

79 

78 

85 

76 

68 

41 

36 

56 

61 

60 

52 

38 

42 

47 

55 

60 

59 

48 

58 

44 

42 

45 

49 

20 

40 

45 

51 

58 

47

58 

'2.9

radicle Nitrate 

(NOs).

1.7 

.5 

.9 

1.1

.7 

1.3 

2.2 

13 

9.7 

13 

8.8 

14 

9.5 

6.3 

7.6 

9.7 

5.9 

9.7 

4.7 

10 

5.8 

4.8 

6.2 

4.1 

8.3 

5.6 

3.4 

'7.9 

7.1 

6.0 

6.6 

7.3 

4.9 

1.3 

4.8

6.1

1.4

O 

g

_§ ft 

o

145 

262 

195 

215 

207 

251 

216 

63 

72 

38 

55 

14 

13 

35 

52 

60 

65 

30 

26 

46 

62 

67 

57 

57 

70 

33 

21 

34 

43 

15 

27 

38 

50 

54 

42

78 

17.3

1

I| 3"

o

590 

793 

668 

701 

705 

798 

754 

448 

474 

382 

412 

249 

245 

378 

451 

441 

454 

305 

339 

351 

422 

414 

425 

416 

415 

343 

332 

365 

380 

300 

357 

415 

430 

408 

396

450

o Analyses September 8,1906, to February 14,1907, by W. M. Barr; February 16 to 25, 1907, by H. S. 

Spaulding; February 26 to September 12,1907, by Walton Van Winkle. 

6 Abnormal; computed as HCOg in the average.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS. 113

Mineral analyses of water from Wisconsin River near Portage, Wis.® 

I [Parts per million unless otherwise stated.]

Date.

(1906-7).

From 

Sept. 11 

Sept. 21 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 12 

Oct. 23 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 2 

Dec. 12 

Dec. 23 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 12 

Jan. 23 

Feb. 2 

Feb. 13 

Feb. 24 

Mar. 7 

Mar. 18 

Mar. 29 

Apr. 8 

Apr. 18 

Apr. 28 

May 8

Per ct. 

drou

To 

Sept. 20 

Sept. 30 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 22 

Oct. 31 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 1 

Dec. 11 

Dec. 2? 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 11 

Jan. 22 

Feb. 1 

Feb. 11! 

Feb. 2!i 

Mar. (1 Mar. 1" 

Mar. 2i! 

Apr. 7 

Apr. 17 

Apr. 27 

May 7 

May 17

of anhy-

-3 £

1

EH

10 

15 

10 

5 

5 

5 

10 

10 

10 

10 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

10 

10 

5 

10 

5 

5 

Tr.

7

1"5

a e 

 §

§

CO

7.6 

9.6 

4.0 

5.6 

9.2 

5.6 

6.0 

4.0 

10 

6.6 

2.0 

Tr. 

1.6 

Tr. 

9.2 

2.0 

Tr. 

10 

14 

Tr.

Tr. 

Tr. 

Tr.

4.6

fine- Coefflcient of

ness.

0.76 

.64 

.40 

1.12 

1.84 

1.12 

.60 

.40 

1.00 

.56 

.40

.32

i.84 

.40

i.66

1.40

.86

'Si O 

1

53

26 

16 

13 

15 

19 

17 

6.6 

6.4 

16 

22 

15 

10 

15 

13 

13 

13 

11 

10 

9.0 

5.8 

18 

11 

7.6 

6.8

13 

K3

(Fe). Iron 

0.25 

.40 

Tr. 

. .30 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.10 

.10 

.30 

.40 

.40 

.40 

.20 

.25 

.40 

.20 

.18 

.23 

.20 

.20 

.15 

.20 

.25 

.20

.22 

c.3

Calcium (Ca).

14 

14 

16 

16 

16 

15 

14 

13

13

14 

15

16 

18

17 

15 

11 

9.2 

11 

10 

11

14 

15.4

(Mg). Magnesium 

7.3

7.2 

8.5 

8.3 

8.9 

7.3 

6.2 

5.4 

4.9 

7.4 

6.8 

7.6 

7.2 

9.6 

6.7 

7.6 

8.3

7.2 

2.8 

4.8 

4.9 

5.0 

5.5

6.8 

7.5

and Sodium potas- (Na+E). sium 

9.2

7.8 

10 

7.6 

7.1 

7.8 

7.6 

9.7 

11

7.8 

7.3 

5.9 

13 

10 

12 

11 

5.1 

4.3

5.9 

5.7 

4.6

8.1

8.9

radicle Carbonate 

(CO,,).

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 .0' 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

31.5

radi- Bicarbonate cle (HC0 ).3

66 

68 

66 

75 

60 

51 

49 

48 

43 

59 

48 

72 

72 

71 

76 

72 

75 

73 

47 

26 

49 

37 

35 

43

58

radicle Sulphate 

(804).

13 

13 

16 

24 

15 

11 

14 

19 

19 

25 

19 

23

"25" 

15 

23 "is"

11 

21 

16 

17 

11

17 

18.8

radicle Nitrate 

(NO,).

1.3 

.9 

.5 

.5 

Tr. 

Tr. 

.4 

.4 

1.3 

.4 

Tr. 

.4 

1.4 

Tr. 

2.4 

2.2 

1.6 

1.9 

1.9 

1.7 

1.0 

.5 

Tr. 

Tr.

.9 

1.0

(Cl). Chlorine 

0..8 

2.5 

1.5 

1.0 

4.0 

2.5 

1.5 

6.0 

1.3 

3.2 

.9 

1.8 

2.8 

1.8

~4."5~ 

2.1 

1.8

1.8 

1.2

.e

1.9 "i.T

2.1 

?.?

dissolved Total

solids.

117

109 

105 

98 

108 

100 

100 

93 

89 

112 

105 

108 

102 

105 

108 

98 

109 

107 

78 

65 

96 

78 

87 

88

98

53 

!fl.0

o>-~>

3

6.2 

6.3

4.8 

4.9 

6.5 

6.1 

5.7 

6.8 

6.8 

6.5

"6.~4

7.7 

12.3 

9.2 

7.8 

7.9 

7.2

o Analyses September 11,1906, to February 12,1907, by W. M. Barr; February 13 to March 6, 1907, by 

H. S. Spaulding; March 7 to May 17, 1907, by Walton Van Winkle. 

6 Gaging station at Necedah, Wis., 50 miles below. 

c Fe203.

8464r-iKB 236 09 8
Mineral analyses of water from Youghiogheny River near McK

[Parts per million unless otherwise stated.]

Date. 

(1906r7).

From 

Sept. 6 

Sept. 17 

Sept. 27 

Oct. 7 

Oct. 17 

Ocf. 27 

Nov. 6 

Nov. 36 

Nov. 26 

Dec. 6 

Dec. 17 

Dec. 28 

Jan. 8 

Jan. 18 

Jan. 29 

Feb. 8 

Feb. 18 

Feb. 28 

Mar. 10 

Mar. 23 

Apr. 2 

Apr. 15 

Apr. 25 

May 5 

May 16 

May 26 

June 5 

June 15 

June 25 

July 5 

July 16 

July 27 

Aug. 6

To 

Sept. 16 

Sept. 26 

Oct. 6 

Oct. 16 

Oct. 26 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 15 

Nov. 25 

Dec. 5 

Dec. 16 

Dec. 27 

Jan. 7 

Jan. 17 

Jan. 26 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 17 

Feb. 27 

Mar. 9 

Mar. 22 

Apr. 1 

Apr. 14 

Apr. 24 

May 4 

May 15 

May 25 

June 4 

June 14 

June 24 

July 4 

July 14 

July 26 

Aug. 5 

Aug. 15

Turbidity.

4 

22 

5 

3 

8 

11 

8 

140 

49 

190 

50 

190 

230 

210 

47 

43 

55 

80 

1,600 

140 

110 

240 

82 

540 

45 

160 

290 

60 

7 

52 

46 

106 

31

Suspended 

matter.

18 

11 

4 

10 

14 

19 

172 

32 

443 

39 

238 

274 

500 

39 

54 

35 

47 

1,580 

55 

62 

178 

49 

640 

33 

103 

450 

68 

21 

67 

51 

118 

33

Coefficient 

of fineness.

0.82 

2.20 

1.33 

1.25 

1.28 

2.38 

1.23 

.65 

' 2.33 

.78 

1.25 

1.19 

2.38 

.84 

1.26 

.64 

.59 

.99 

.39 

.56 

.74 

.60 

1.18 

.73 

.64 

1.55 

1.14 

3.00

l.*!i

1.11 

1.12 

1.06

 * 

Total 

iron

(Fe;.

7.6 

8.4 

4.5 

3.3 

6.5 

9.9 

20 

5.7 

19 

3.5 

17 

12 

20 

7.2 

8.6 

8.8 

13 

135 

18 

26 

47 

12 

70 

12 

18 

32 

8.8 

o.O 

16 

3.2 

9.8 

4.2

Silica 

(SiOs).

11 

12 

10 

8.2 

8.4 

9.0 

7.8 

5.6 

5.6 

5.2 

3.8 

7.8 

6.0 

8.6 

8.6 

8.2 

7.2 

6.4 

8.8 

11 

11 

16 

7.6 

14 

8.4 

7.2 

8.2 

8.4 

7.8 

9.4 

6.8 

6.8 

7.8

Iron

(Fe).

6.7 

5.8 

7.0 

.5 

.4 

.5 

.8 

.2 

.07 

.09 

.12 

.07 

.06 

.06 

.35 

.2 

.13 

.15 

.10 

.18 

.15 

.07 

.05 

.06 

.06 

.05 

.03 

.04 

.04 

.09 

.05 

.04 

.03

Aluminum 

(Al).

5.6 

6.0 

7.2

4.0

0.8 

2.6 

3.4 

2.0 

5.6 

8.2 

8.8 

5.8 

3.7 

2.3 

10 

11 

2.8 

2.2 

0.5 

4.2 

2.2 

0.7 

2.2 

2.4 

2.8

1.3> 

2.1

Calcium 

(Ca;.

37 

52 

42 

29 

29 

29 

34 

22 

15 

12 

14 

17 

14 

20 

23 

23 

18

28 

30 

17 

16 

20 

19 

16 

13 

17 

24 

30 

14 

16 

24

Magnesium

(Mg).

14 

17 

16 

8.4 

5.6 

5.6 

5.8 

3.2 

4.0 

4.2 

4.8 

5.4 

4.2 

5.6 

7.5 

7.2 

5.8 

3.8 

5.2 

7.6 

8.6 

5.2 

4.6 

6.4 

6.2 

5.2 

3.6 

5.2 

6.'8 

8.2 

3.8 

4.2 

7.0

Sodium 

and potassium 

(Na+K)

13 

21 

16 

12 

10 

12 

14 

8.8 

10 

3.9 

4.4 

4,1

5 7 

6.9 

6.6 

5.0 

2.7 

5.5 

7,7 

11 

7.6 

7.9 

8.2 

9.1 

7,2 

9.1 

8.8 

11 

13 

14 

7.9 

10

.Carbonate 

radicle 

(COi).

0.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0
Aug. 16 

Aug. 27

Per ct. 

drous

Aug. 26 

Sept. 6

of anhy15 

55

141

20 

53

163

1.33 

.96

1.20

3.7 

5.6 *-n

8.4 

10

8.5

4.7

.1

.05

.70 

<*.4

3.6 

3.3

4.0

30 

30

23 

12.7

8.8 

8.2

6.7 

3.7

12 

11

9.3 

5.2

.0 

.0

.0 

.0

a Aaalyses September 6 to November 5, 1906, by R. B. Dole; November 6, 1906, to April 1, 1907, by R. B. Dol

Palmer and M. G. Roberts.

6 Gaging station at West Newton, Pa., 10 miles above. 

Omitted from the average.
Summary of results of mineral analyses of surface waters for eas

Source of sample (river, except 

as noted).

Allegheny, Kittannlng, Pa. .... 

Androscoggto, Brunswick, Me. a 

Arkansas, Little Bock, Ark. . . . 

Big Muddy, Murphysboro, 111.. 

Big Vermilion, Danville, 111 ....

Cape Pear, Wilmington, N. C. . 

Cedar, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.. . . . 

Chattahooehee, West Point, Ga. 

Chippewa, Eau Claire, Wis.....

Cumberland: 

Nashville, Term............

Dan, South Boston, Va. .......

Delaware, Lambertville, N. J. . 

Des Moines, Keosauqua, Iowa. . 

Embarrass: 

Charleston, HI.............

Fox: 

Elgin, 111...................

Ottawa, 111.................

Grand , Grand Rapids; Mieh ....

Huron, Lake , Port Huron.Mich .

Average mineralization (parts per million).

£

«

1

EH

141 

21

755 

245 

115 

1,462 

134 

40 

73 

64 

185 

7.0

126 

176

132 

16 

542

155 

118 

41 

100

34 

94 

37 

13 

Tr.

 0

I

32

100 

30

748 

129 

82 

488 

66 

32 

21 

61 

136 

3.7 

351

94 

165 

264 

26 

642

140 

66 

Tr.

3

23 

87 

43 

16 

Tr.

"8 .

si 

3 a 

'8

0.72 

1.14

.88 

.5 

.8 

1.03 

.6 

.81 

.92 

.97 

.71 

.97

.74. 

. .92 

2.35 

1.74 

1.09

.9

.7

.67

.7 

1.2 

1.61 

1.26

1

3o

EH

'i'.2

"i.Y

"7'. 5

.6

"i.T

.7

-7S

Q 

22-

03 

03

21 

7.9 

9.0

28 

24 

14 

22 

22 

16 ' 

9.9 

14 

20 

12 

18

20 

18 

24 

9.0

22

17 

17 

5.9 

24

12 

11 

14 

11 

12

1

§

M

0.53 

.13 

63.2

.82 

2.1 

.29 

.26 

2.5 

.44 

.78 

.09 

.47 

.22 

3.1

.42 

.30 

1.1 

.07 

.36

.34 

.53 

.07 

.86

.15 

.20 

.07 

.15 

.04

"3 

o

o

13 

14

7.4

55 

25 

54 

121 

19 

13 

5.0 

48 

4.8 

13 

52

26 

28 

5.6 

12

58

51 

44 

31

8.8

51 

60 

56 

21 

24

"55

a "a

3"8 

a

2.9 

3.0 

1 1

13 

12 

25 

19 

6.0 

2.5 

1.5 

16 

.8 

4.7 

17

3.6 

4.3 

1.5 

3.3 

21

24 

19 

7.6 

1.4

30 

32 

19 

3.8 

7.0

1 

il

l|

-s-i

02

7.0 

11 

3.5

144 

20 

13 

234 

15 

9.1

12'" 

7.7 

8.1 

49

9.6

7.8 

6.8 

5.4 

17

13 

28 

6.5 

o7.0

11 

14 

10 

7.9 

4.4

CD

3

S.

4§O 

C3O

B

"I

O

0.0 

.0

.0

".'6' 

"."6"

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.9 

.0 

.0 

.0

"s.T

.0

"S.Y

.0 

1.8

 3 

Sx

18

IB £ ffl

S"

48 

38

148 

72 

243 

158 

85 

52 

25 

209 

23 

48 

195

92 

100 

33 

46 

216

249 

195 

114 

31

268 

275 

214 

73 

100

CD

is

 §2- 

1

«2

9.0

17

19

93 

72 

42 

279 

19 

8.8 

3.2 

30 

4.5 

14 

42

14 

9.7 

3.4 

12 

71

31 

35 

13 

ctf.O

38 

61 

33 

16 

6.2

CD 

0

 5 . OS'S

^o 

o£

1

z

0.*7

.7

2.0 

2.0 

12 

2.2 

2.1 

.6 

.2 

3.1 

.7 

.6

1.2 

1.8 

1.1 

1.1 

3.3

7.6 

3.7 

.3 

.4

2.4 

4.9 

2.3

.8 

.4

g

§ 

1a 

o

2

14 

2

203 

13 

4

338 

6

2

5

3

2

1

59

2

3

3

2

4

4

35

8

2

5

7

7

4

2
Illinois: 

La Salle, 111.. ..............

Peoria, Dl... ...............

Kampsville, 111.... . ........

Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo, Mich.. 

Kankafceej Kankakee, 111..... . .

Carlisle, 111.................

Shelbyville, IU.. ...........

Lehigh, South Bethlehem, Pa.. 

Little Vermilion, Streator, 111... 

Little Wabash, Carml, 111. .....

Maumee, Toledo, Ohio.........

Michigan, Lake, St. Ignace, 

Mich.........................

Minnesota, Shakopee, Minn. . . . Mississippi: 

itin'npft'poliSi "M'lnn

C!hester, 111. ................

Missouri: 

Florence, Nebr.............

Monongahela, Elizabeth, Pa. . . Muskingum, Zanesville, Ohio...

North Platte, North Platte, 

Nebr.........................

Oswegatchie, Ogdensburg, 

N.Y.. .......................

Platte:

fiaritan, Boundbrook, ?N. J . . . . 

Red. Shrevenort. La. ..........

159 

43 

188 

168 

90 

7 

50

184 

110 

150 

14 

' 107 

135 

143 

84

Tr.

97

10

117 

173 

858 

556

1,726 

1,909 

1,931 

82 

96 

78

307 

208 

230 

128

8 

56 

131

374 

379 

98 

37 

790

136 

26 

145 

120 

71 

19 

32

126 

84 

142 

21 

78 

68 

112 

94

Tr.

142

7.9 

106 

119 

634 

519

2,059 

2,032 

1,890 

84 

70 

68

311 

171 

174 

109

10 

46 

94

300 

392

36

870 -

.8 

.8 

.8 

.80 

.96 

2.64 

.7

.T- 

.9 

.93 

2.46 

.7 

.5 

.95 

1.46

i.is

1.13 

.9

.8 

.8 

.97

1.16 

1.04 

1.02 

1.11 

1.71 

.79

.95

.78 

.72 

.80

1.38 

.93 

.76

.81 

1.03 

1.59 

1.16 

1.11

"§."9"

.2

"4.Y 

1.2

2.0

.....

3.2

2.8

.7 

l'.2

12 

12 

12 

19 

18 

17 

15

17 

16 

16 

8.8 

14 

26 

17 

17

10 

23

15 

16 

18 

22 

24 

11

31 

37 

29 

8.4 

14 

26

40 

21 

26

24

9.4 

18 

26

32 

47 

8.2 

16 

30

.21 

.21

.27 

.25 

.5 

.05

.27

.39 

.23 

.49 

.10 

.22 

2.0 

.27 

.15

.04 

.09

.07 

.39 

.46 

.39 

.61 

6.53

.44 

.73 

.51 

.49 

.18 

1.4

.26 

..68 

.9

.7

.21 

.37 

.31

.20 

.26 

.14 

.15 

1.1

50 

49

47 

49 

14 

55 

58

47 

53 

21 

14 

55 

20 

57 

59

26

82

40 

33 

36 

44 

36 

32

65 

62 

52 

12 

43 

5.9

46 

8.5 

6.3

12

13 

7.1 

6.9

63 

47 

24 

12

74

22 

21 

20 

17 

3.0 

18 

21

20 

26 

3.7 

5.7 

29 

9.1 

16 

24

8.2 

35

14 

13 

16 

16 

12 

8.4

20 

18 

16 

2.2 

9.5 

1.8

12 

1.6 

1.2 

2.6

3.5 

1.1 

1.3

18 

11 

4.6 

3.9

17

16 

17

18 

14 

6.7 

8.2 

12 .'

14 

13 

6.8 

7.5 

18 

15 

.24 

9.0

4.7 

23

10 

10 

11 

21 

19 

13

49 

44 

36 

7.3 

23 

7.9

32 

8.8 

8.3 

9.2

5.3 

8.9 

8.9

48 

30 

9.0 

9.1 

90

.0 

.0

7.8

"iT

.0

'2.5'

5.8

2.9 

.0

.0

"."6" 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

1.3 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

4.6

203 

198 

202 

210 

60 

216 

215

213 

262 

73 

40 

241 

88 

173 

244

112 

296

188 

152 

175 

174 

129 

111

203

202 

178 

18 

115 

35

165 

37 

28 

53

53 

32 

32

186 

178 

36 

51 

135

50 

48 

42 

36 

7.1 

2.3 

57

34 

34 

8.3 

30 

68 

32 

48 

40

7.2 

144

18 

24 

25 

56 

43 

24

168 

135 

104 

33 

43 

3.4

76 

6.2 

4.9 

4.1

8.2 

6.4 

4.0

152 

66 

58 

12 

140

6.6 

7.8 

4.3 

2.8 

.3 

1.9 

4.1

4.8 

6.9 

2.5 

2.2 

12 

2.1 

4.5 

8.6

.3 

2.0

1.4 

1.8 

2.2 

2.7 

1.7 

2.5

1.8 

2.2 

2.9 

1.8 

1.6 

.3

1.2 

1.0

.7 

.4

.4

.7 

.6

1.3 

1.0 

.9

!4

13 

13 

15 

3.6 

2.3 

3.4 

4.9

6.9 

5.6 

2.0 

4.9 

6.9 

7.5 

40 

4.1

2.7 

4.7

1.6 

3.7 

4.4 

9.8 

8.6 

9.7

8.9 

13 

12 

3.2 

40 

4.4

6.9 

3.4

2.8

1.8

.4 

3.4 

3.1

14 

6.4 

6.4

4.7 

121

o Based on the assumption for anhydrous residue that the average content of biearbonates is 20 parts. 
Summary of results of mineral analyses of surf ace waters for eastern Un

Source of sample (river, except 

as noted).

Reservoir: 

Cartter, 111. ................

Marion, 111.................

Rock: 

Rockford, m.... ...........

St. Lawrence, Ogdensburg,

N.Y.. ........:..............

Sangamon: 

Deeatur, 111. ...............

Cnandlerville, 111 ... t .......

Shenandoah, Millville, W. Va. . 

Superior, Lake, Sault Ste. 

Marie, Mien...... ............

Susquehanna: 

West Pittston, Pa.... ......

Williamsport, Pa. .........

Tennessee: 

Knoxville, Tenn. ..........

Gilbertsville, Ky...........

Wabash:

Wateree. Camden, 8. C.........

Average mineralization (parts per million).

£ 

-3 

3 

BEH

72 

155 

116 

97 

2,475

169

134 

229

4.5

72

126 

74 

154 

172 

31

2 

14

ia.

16

204 

153 

126

132 

172 

259

^"S

8

 s

! 102

33 

59 

66 . 

43

127

92 

236

Tr.

54

87 

39 

102 

142 

39

Tr.

O9

18 

21 

1.56 

127 

100

117 

193 

214

£« 

"S .

"c ^

03 fl

1 

m

O

O

.5 

.5 

.5 

.5

.7 

1.2

.71

.7 

.8 

.7 

.77 

1.64

4.00 

2.23 

1.7.3

.81 

.90

.82

.85 

1.20 

.79

!? &.

a

O

£ 

3

O 

EH

.....

7.7

"."9"

1.0 

.9

.8

1 

02

1 

02

16 

29 

22 

13 

29 

21

15 

15

6.6 

21

19 

16 

15 

23 

15

7.4

10 

7.6

S. 7

25 

20 

2.5

14 

13 

25

'a? 

fc

1

1.9 

3.7 

3.5 

.93 

3.6 

.95

' .44 

.31

.05 

.38

.27 

.32 

.32 

.44 

.08

.06

.12 

.11 

.09

.54 

.39 

.63

.23 

.24 

.28

0" 1

s 

'3

9.0 

18 

10 

15 

104 

9,5

45 

49

31

8.4

55 

52 

52 

5.7 

32

13

18 

12 

21

22 

19 

18

82 

61 

6.3

'tis

a

« 

1

3.6

7.0 

4.0 

8.2 

23. 

3.5

25

27

7.2 

1.3

26 

24 

25 

.8 

8.2

3.1

3.4 

3.4 

4.fi

4.3 

4.1 

1.8

35

22 

1 8

<L

a«

 95

Sfc

II

T3.3 

O ta 

02

8.6 

13 

9.0 

17 

119 

5.9

10

12

6.3 

«6.0

14 

16 

15 

12 

6.7

3.2

6.3 

6.0 

8.Q

8.2 

7.1 

10

142 

25 

8.4

0)

jg

.So 

|o

fO

".'6"

.0

2.9 

.0

"."6"

1.3 

.0

.0 

.0 

.n

.0 

.0 

.0

.0 

.0 

.0

fflO "S^

§B £» g"3

M

34 

67 

43 

51 

178 

53

252 

263

116 

33

268 

247 

255 

30 

132

56

63

28 

54

86 

72 

67

234 

230 

34

_» 

_o

jsSc3- '

 a

S 

02

16 

33 

19 

45 

228 

4.4

22 

25

12 

35.0

35 

37 

36 

6.0 

6.2

2.1

14 

26 

31

6.4 

11 

6.3

79 

55 

4.2

(0 

O

 O . OS'S

HO

0)5,

c3 

£

2

2.1 

2.2 

1.9 

1.7

"."5"

4.1 

3.8

.3 

.43

8.5 

3.4 

6.1 

.6 

2.6

.5

1.5

.7 

3.4

.8 

1.2 

.6

5.9 

6.4 

.4

3

? 

1

1

5.2 

6.8 

4.3 

8.3 

164 

2.2

4.6 

5.5

7.7 

3.5

5.4 

7.5 

7.6 

2.1 

3.0

1.1

4.2 

4.0 

8.1

9.6 

3.0 

3.0

292 

36 

2.8
White:

Youghioghenv, McKeesport, 

Pa...........................

52

397

141 -

48

38

4.6

163

1.18

1.04

.86

1.20 18

15

14

13

8.5

.14

.15

.22

64.70

61

74

14

23

23

29

6 8

6.7

9.5

48

8.1

9.3

.0

.0

.0

.0

376

291

. 580

30

58

17

123

5.6

6 1

.9

1 1

3.

78

2.

4.

Approximate. 

INDEX.

Accuracy, check! on......................... 30-38

limits of.............................. 28-30,34

relation of, tjo amount of water analyzed. 38 

to sourc* of water analyzed.......... 36-38

to totalSolids in water.............. 34-36

Acidity, determination of................... 23

Acknowledgme4ts to those aiding........... 8-9

Alabama River, water of, analyses of....... 46,116

Albany, Qa., water at, analyses of.......... 62,116

Allegheny River, water of, analyses of...... 47,116

Ammonium acetate solution, preparation of.. 24 

Analyses, accuracy of. See Accuracy.

collection of L............................ 6-7

computation of, methods of............. 9-34

methods of, departure from.......... 27-28

expression of............................ 39-42

objects of................................ 6

rejection of.............................. 38-39

results of............................... 46-119

Androscoggin River, water of, analyses of... 27-28,

48,116 

Arkansas River, water of, analyses of....... 49,116

Augusta, Ga., water at, analyses of......... 99,118

Austin, Tex., water at, analyses of......... 56,116

Azalia, Ind., water at, analyses of......... Ill, 119

B.

Bailey, E. H. S., work of.................... 8

Barr.W.M., work of........................ 8

Bicarbonate, determination of.............. 21

determination of, accuracy of............ 29

Big Muddy River, water of, analyses of..... 116

Big Vermilion River, water of, analyses of... 116 

Birmingham, Ala., water of, analyses of.... 51,116

Bound Brook, N. J., water at, analyses of... 94,117 

Brazos River, water of, analyses of......... 50,116

Brunswick, Me., water at, analyses of...... 48,116

Buffalo River, water of, analyses of......... 62,116

Bushong, F. W,, work of.................... 8

C.

Cache River, witer of, analyses of........... 116

Canaba River, water of, analyses of......... 51,116

Cain, J. R., and! Stokes, H. N., on determination of iron...................... 16-17

Calcium, determination of................ 17-19,27

determination of, accuracy of............ 29

r ^omia State Board of Examiners, cooperation of........................... 7

Camden, S. C., water at, analyses of....... 110,118

Cape Fear River, water of, analyses of...... 52,116

Carbonates, determination of................ 21

determination of, accuracy of............ 29

Carlisle, 111., water at, analyses of............ 117

Carmi, HI., wattr at, analyses of............. 117

Page. 

Cartter, 111., water at, analyses of............ 118

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, water at, analyses of... 53,116 

Cedar River, water of, analyses of.......... 53,116

Chandlerville, 111., water at, analyses of...... 118

Charleston, 111., water at, analyses of........ 116

Chattahoochee River, water of, analyses of.. 54,116 

Chester, 111., water at, analyses of. ...........* 117

Chippewa River, water of, analyses of...... 55,1161

Chlorine, determination of................... 22

determination of, accuracy of............ 29

Chistomanos, A. C., on ionic form........... 41

Clarke, F. W., on hypothetical combinations. 40 

Collins, W. D., workof...................... 8

Colorado River, water of, analyses of....... 56,116

Columbia, S. C., water at, analyses of....... 98,118

Columbus, Nebr., water at, analyses of,.... 91,117

Composition of water, changes in............ 9-10

importance of........................... 5-6

Contamination of water, varieties of......... 5-6

Cumberland, Md., water at, analyses o*..... 93,117

Cumberland River, water of, analyses of. 57,58,116 

Cypress, 111., water at, analyses of........... 118

D. 

Dan River, water of, analyses of............ 59,116

Danville, 111., water at, analyses of............ 116

Janville, Pa., water at, analyses of........ 104,118

Dayton, Ohio, water at, analyses of..... 72,116,117

Decatur, 111., water at, analyses of........... 118

Delaware River, water of, analyses of....... 60,116

Des Moines River, water of, analyses of..... 61,116

Determinations. See particular constituents.

Dissolved solids. See Solids.

Dole, R. B., workof........................ 8

Dublin, Ga., water at, analyses of.......... 85,117

E 

Eaton, F. M., work of....................... 8

Eau Claire, Wis., water of, analyses of...... 55,116

Elgin, 111., water at, analyses of............. 116

Elizabeth, Pa., water at, analyses of........ 81,117

Embarras River, water of, analyses of....... 116

Epes, Ala., water at, analyses of........... 107,118

Erie, Lake, water of, analyses of........... 62,116

Error, limits of.............................. 10

See also Accuracy. 

Evans, J. K., work of....................... 8

Examination of water, methods of........... 9-28

methods of, departure from.............. 27-28

F. 

Field and laboratory work, outline of........ 7-8

Flint River, water of, analyses of........... 62,116

Florence, Nebr., water at, analyses of...... 78,117

Fox River, water of, analyses of.............. 116

Frankfort, Ky., water at, analyses of....... 69,117

Fremont, Nebr., water at, analyses of...... 92,117

121
122 INDEX.

Gilbertsville, Ky., water at, analyses of... 106,118 

Grand Rapids, Mich., water of, analyses of.. 63,116 

Grand River, water at, analyses of......... 63,116

H.

Haywood, J. K., and Smith, B. H., on mineral-water classification.......... 40

Hoyt, J. C., work of......................... 8

Hudson, N. Y., water at, analyses of....... 64,116

Hudson River, water of, analyses of........ 64,116

Huron, Lake, water of, analyses of......... 65,116

Hygienic quality, importance of............. 5

Hypothetical combination, methods of...... 40-42

I.

Illinois, University of, cooperation of........ 8

Illinois Geologic Survey, cooperation of...... 8

Illinois River, water of, analyses of.......... 117

Illinois State Water Survey, cooperation of.. 8 

Indianapolis, Ind., water at, analyses of... 112,119 

Industrial use of water, requirements for.... 5

Ionic form, results expressed in.............. 39-42

Iowa City, Iowa, water at, analyses of...... 66,117

Iowa River, water of, analyses of........... 66,117

Iron, determination of.................... 16-17,23

determination of, accuracy of............ 29

J.

Jackson, D. D., turbidimeter of............. * 11

Jackson, Miss., water at, analyses of........ 89,117

James River, water of, analyses of.......... 67,117

Joppa, 111., water at, analyses of............. 118

K.

Kahlenberg, L., and Lincoln, A. T., on silica. 32-33 

Kalamazoo, Mich., water at, analyses of.... 68,117

Kalamazoo River, water of, analyses of..... 68,117

Kampsville, 111., water at, analyses of........ 117

Kankakee, 111., water at, analyses of......... 117

Kankakee River, water of, analyses of....... 117

Kansas, University of, cooperation of........ 8

Kansas City, Kans., water at, analyses of... 79,117 

Kansas State Board of Health, cooperation of. 8 

Kentucky River, water of, analyses of...... 69,117

Keosauqua, Iowa., water at, analyses of.... 61,116

Kittaning, Pa., water at, analysis of ....... 47,116

Knoxville, Tenn., water at, analyses of.... 105,118

Kuttawa, Ky., water at, analyses of........ 68,116

L.

Lambertville, N. J., water at, analyses of... 60,116 

Laredo, Tex., water at, analyses of.......... 96,118

La Salle, 111., water at, analyses of........... 117

Lawrenceville, 111., water at, analyses of..... 116

Lehigh River, water of, analyses of......... 70,117

Leighton, M. O., work of.................... 8

Lincoln, A. T., and Kahlenberg, L., on silica. 32-33 

Little Rock, Ark., water at, analyses of..... 49,116

Little Vermilion River, water of, analyses of. 117 

Little Wabash River, water of, analyses of... 117 

Logansport, Ind., water at, analyses of.... 108,118

M.

McCreary, P. L., work of.................... 8

McKeesport, Pa., water at, analyses of. U.4-115,119 

Macon, Ga., water at, analyses of........... 86,117

, determination of................ 19,27

determination of, accuracy of.. 1......... 29

Marion, 111., water at, analyses of............ 118

Maumee River, water of, analyses of........ 71,117

Memphis, Tenn., water at, analyses of...... 76,117

Methods. See Examination.

Methyl orange solution, preparation of....... 25

Miami River, water of, analyses of.......... 72,117

Michigan, Lake, water of, analyses of....... 73,117

Millville, W. Va., water at, analyses of..... 100,118

Minerals, dissolved, harmfnlnesr of.......... 5

Minneapolis, Minn., water at, analyses of... 75,117 

Minnesota River, water of, analjses of...... 74,117

Mississippi River, analyses of......... 27,75-77,117

Missouri River, water of, analyses of..... 78-80,117

Moline, 111., water at, analyses of............ 117

Monongahela River, water of, analyses of... 81,117 

Mounds, 111., water at, analyses of........... 116

Murphysboro, 111., water at, analyses of..... 116

Muskingum River, water of, analyses of,... 82/117

N.

Nashville, Tenn., water at, analyses of..... 57,116

Neuse River, water of, analyses of.......... 83,117

New Orleans, water at, analyses of......... 77,117

Nitrate solution, preparation of.............. 26

Nitrates, determination of................... 22-23

determination of, accuracy of............ 29

North Platte, Nebr., water at, analyses of/. 84,117 

North Platte River, water of, aralyses of.... 84,117

O. 

Ocmulgee River, water at, analjses of...... 86,117

Oconee River, water of, analyses of......... 85,117

Ogdensburg, N. Y., water at, analyses of.... 88,

98,117,118 

Oostanaula River, water of, analyses of..... 87,117

Oswegatchle River, water of, aralyses of.... 88,117

Ottawa, 111., water at, analyses of........... 116

P. 

Palmer, Chase, work of...................... 8

Parts per million, results expressed in....... 39

Pearl River, water of, analyses of........... 89,117

Pedee, N. C., water at, analyse," of.......... 90,117

Pedee River, water of, analyses of.......... 90,117

Peoria, 111., water at, analyses of............ 117

Phenolphthalein solution, preparation of.... 25

Phenosulphonic acid, preparation of. -....... 26

Platte River, water of, analyses of....... 91,92,117

Portage, Wis., water at, analys3S of....... 113,119

Porter, J. L., work of........................ 7

Port Huron, Mich., water at, analyses of.... 65,116

Potability, determination of................. 6

determination of, analyses for........... 6

requirements for........................ 5

Potassium, determination of.............. 20-21,33

determination of, accuracy of............ 29

Potassium acid sulphate solution, preparation

of............................... 25

Potassium chromate solution, i reparation of. 25 

Potassium permanganate solution, preparation of........................... 24

Potomac River, water of, analyses of..,-... 93,117

Q. 

Quality of water, study of................... 6-8

Quiney, HI., water at, analyses of.---- .- 117
INDEX. 123

R.

Page.

Raleigh, N. C., wlater at., analyses of....... 83,117

Randolph, Va., \frater at, analyses of....... 97,118

Raritan River, w ater of, analyses of........ 94,117

Red River, wate: of, analyses of............ 95,117

Richmond, Va., ivater at, analyses of....... 67,117

Rio Grande Riv< r, water of, analyses of.... 96,118

Roanoke River,' vater of, analyses of....... 97,118

Roberts, M. G., on determination of magnesium................................ 19

work of.................................. 8

Robinson, F. C., work of.................... 7

Rockford, 111., water at, analyses of.......... 118

Rock River, water of, analyses of............ 118

Rome, Ga., water at, analyses of............ 87,117

Ruegg, Mo., water at, analyses of........... 80,117

S.

St. Ignace, Mieh , water at, analyses erf..... 73', 117

St. Lawrence River, water of, analyses of... 98,118 

Salt solution, preparation of................. 26

Saluda River, w iter of, analyses of......... 98,118

Samples, collect! on of........................ 10

subdivision i if........................... 10

Sampling statioi s, location of............... 42,45

Sangamon River, water of, analyses of....... 118

Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., water at, analyses

of................................... 101,118

Savannah River, water of, analyses of...... 99,118

Scope of paper, outline of.................... 6

Selma, Ala., water at, analyses of........... 46,116

Shakopee, Minn., water at, analyses of...... 74,117

Shelbyville, 111., water at, analyses of........ 117

Shenandoah River, water of, analyses of... 100,118 

Shreveport, La., water at, analyses of....... 95,117

Silica, determination of...................... 15

determination of, accuracy of............ 29

occurrence of, mode of................... 32-33

Silver solution, preparation of............... 26

Smith, B. H., aid Haywood, J. K., on mineral- ivater classification.......... 40

Sodium, determination of................ 20-21,33

determinate »n of, accuracy of............ 29

Sodium ammonium phosphate solution,

preparation of................... 24

Sodium carbonate solution, preparation of... 26 

Sodium chloride solution, preparation of.... 26

Solids, dissolved, determination of.......... 13-15

determination of, accuracy of............ 29

Solids, suspended, determination of......... 12-13

determination of, accuracy of............ 13,29

Solids, total, dei;ermination of, check on..... 30-31

determinati>n of, error in................ 31-36

Solutions, preparation of.................... 24-26

Page. 

South, rivers in, analyses of. ................ 28

South Bethlehem, water at, analyses of- .... 70, 117

South Boston, Va., water at, analyses cf... . 59,116

Spaulding, H. S., work of ................... 8

Springfield, 111., water at, analyses of ........ 118 ,

Stabler, Herman, on classification of wsters.. 41

work of ................................. 8

Sterling, 111. , water at, analyses of ........... 118

Stokes, H. M., and Cain, J. R., on determination of iron...................... 16-17

Streator, 111. , water at, analyses of ........... 117

Study, methods of .......................... 9-28

Sulphates, determination of ................. 20

determination of, accuracy of ............ 29

Superior, Lake, water of, analyses of ...... 101, 118

Suspended solids. See Solids.

Susquehanna R i ver , water of, analyses of. ... 102-

104,118 

Button, Francis, on determination of calcium. 17-18

T.

Tennessee River, water of, analyses of. 105-106,118 

Toledo, Ohio, water at, analyses of ......... 71, 117

Tombigbee River, water of, analyses of .... 107, 118

Turbidity, determination of ................. 11-12

determination of, accuracy of ............ 12, 29

U. 

Uranium solution, preparation of. ........... 24-25

V. 

Van Winkle, Walton, work of............... 8

Vincennes, Ind., water at, analyses of. .... 109, 118

W.

Wabash River, water of, analyses of. . . 108-109,118 

Waco, Tex., water at, analyses of........... 50,116

Wateree River, water of, analyses of. ...... 110, 118

Water, amount of, relation of, to percentage of

error in analysis ................ 38

source of, relation of, to percentage of

error in analysis. ................ 36-38

Weith, A . J., work of.

Zanesvill

8

West Pitison, Pa., water at, analyses o* . . . 102,118 

West Point, Ga., water at, analyses of ...... 54, 116

White R ver, water of, analyses of ..... 111,112,119

Williamsport, Pa., water at, analyses or. . . 103, 118 

Wilming »n, N, C., water at, analyses of. ... 62, 116

Wisconsin River, water of, analyses of. .... 113, 119

Y.

Youghioj;heny River, water of, analyses of .. . 114-

115,119 

Z.

e, Ohio, water at, analyses of...... 82,117