U.S. Department of the Interior 

Bureau of Land Management 

Eastern States June 2004 

Meadowood Special Recreation 

Management Area 

Integrated Activity Management Plan/ 

Environmental Assessment 
BLM Mission Statement 

The BLM’s mission is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands 

for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. 

Eastern States Vision Statement 

As Guardians of the Past, and Stewards for the Future, Eastern States is committed 

to sustaining the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands spanning the 

31 states east of and bordering the Mississippi River for present and future generations. 

Eastern States Mission Statement 

BLM-Eastern States will play a central role in the management and conservation of 

public lands and their resources in the 31 eastern states to enhance the quality of life for 

present and future generations. 

BLM/ES/PL/04/002+1220 
United States Department of the Interior 

Bureau of Land Management 

Eastern States

 Lower Potomac Field Station 

 10406 Gunston Road 

 Lorton, VA 22079 

 http://www.es.blm.gov

IN REPLY REFER TO:

1220 (915) (P) 

May 28, 2004 

Dear Reader: 

Thank you for your continued interest in the Bureau of Land Management-Eastern States 

(BLM-ES) Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area (SRMA). This Integrated Activity 

Management Plan/Environmental Assessment (IAMP/EA) represents an exciting step forward in 

making the Meadowood SRMA a popular destination for local and regional visitors. 

The document describes in detail the program activities in the Meadowood Farm Planning 

Analysis approved in March 2003. It also reflects the input stemming from the many on-going 

discussions over the past year between BLM-ES and active citizens on the Mason Neck 

Peninsula, and our partners from Fairfax County Government and the Commonwealth of 

Virginia. 

The decisions in the Meadowood SRMA IAMP may be appealed within 30 days of receipt of this 

document. You may appeal to the Interior Board of Land Appeals, Office of the Secretary, in 

accordance with the regulations contained in 43 CFR, Part 4. The appellant has the burden of 

showing that the decision being appealed is in error. 

It is possible to request a stay of effectiveness of this decision during the time the Board is 

reviewing your appeal. You must file a petition pursuant to regulation 43 CFR 4.21 

accompanying your notice of appeal. The stay petition is required to show sufficient 

justification based on these standards: 

1. The relative harm to the parties if the stay is granted or denied, 

2. The likelihood of the appellant’s success on the merits, 

3. The likelihood of immediate and irreparable harm if the stay is not granted, and 

4. Whether the public interest favors granting the stay. 

If you have any questions about the plan, feel free to contact me at (703) 339-3461. I look 

forward to continuing these dialogues as we implement the decisions from this activity plan. 

Sincerely, 

Gary Cooper 

Lower Potomac Field Station Manager 
 

Finding of No Significant Impact 

Based on the analysis of potential environmental impacts contained in the attached 

environmental assessment, I have determined that the impacts are not expected to be 

significant. Therefore, the preparation of an environmental impact statement is not 

required. 

Decision Record 

It is my decision to approve the Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management 

Plan/Environmental Assessment (IAMP/EA). 

Rationale: This EA has analyzed the actions in the IAMP/EA which will be implemented 

in accordance with the goals and objectives of the Meadowood Farm Planning 

Analysis/EA, and impacts from these actions can be mitigated. 

Approval of the Proposed Action will provide for the safe and enjoyable public use of 

Meadowood SRMA. It will also provide for protection of natural and cultural resources 

in accordance with Federal, State, and local laws. 

Approval 

Recommended by: 

____________________________________________ 5-28-04 

Jeff McCusker Date 

Outdoor Recreation Planner 

BLM-Eastern States, Lower Potomac Field Station 

____________________________________________ 5-28-04 

Gary Cooper Date 

Field Station Manager 

BLM-Eastern States, Lower Potomac Field Station 
Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area 

Integrated Activity Management Plan/Environmental Assessment 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

Bureau of Land Management 

Eastern States 

Lower Potomac Field Station 

June 2004 
i 

Table of Contents 

 Page 

Part 1 - Integrated Activity Management Plan .....................................................................1 

Section I. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 

 Purpose of the Plan ...................................................................................................1 

 Meadowood SRMA Facilities and Location.............................................................1 

 Physiography............................................................................................................. 1 

 Land Ownership........................................................................................................ 1 

 Population Centers....................................................................................................2 

 Vehicle and Visitor Access to Site............................................................................2 

 Other Nearby Recreation Facilities........................................................................... 2 

Section II. Management Objectives and Standard Practices ...............................................3 

 Management Objectives............................................................................................3 

 Standard Management Practices...............................................................................3 

Section III. Allowable Uses .................................................................................................6 

 Environmental Education..........................................................................................6 

 Volunteers and Partnerships ..................................................................................... 6 

 Accessibility.............................................................................................................. 6 

 Recreation ................................................................................................................. 7 

 Supplementary Rules/Access Restrictions..............................................................12 

 BLM Wild Horse and Burro Facility......................................................................13 

 Equestrian Partnerships...........................................................................................14 

 Private Horse Boarding........................................................................................... 14 

 Digital Gateway ...................................................................................................... 15 

 Riparian/Wetland and Ponds...................................................................................15 

 Wildlife ................................................................................................................... 15 

 Fisheries .................................................................................................................. 16 

 Forestry ...................................................................................................................16 

Section IV. Implementation and Monitoring Plan.............................................................17 

 Introduction.............................................................................................................17 

 Public Education, Interpretation and Signage.........................................................17 

 Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 17 

Part 2 - Environmental Assessment ....................................................................................19 

 Purpose and Need ................................................................................................... 19 

 Conformance with Land Use Plan .......................................................................... 19 

 Laws and Mandates Guiding the Management of Meadowood SRMA.................20 

 Proposed Action and Alternatives .......................................................................... 21 

 Affected Environment.............................................................................................21 

 Critical Elements of the Environment..................................................................... 22 
ii 

Table of Contents--continued 

 Page 

 

Part 2 - Environmental Assessment--continued 

 Other Resource Impacts..........................................................................................27 

 Environmental Consequences of the No Action Alternative..................................39 

List of Preparers.................................................................................................................. 40 

References .......................................................................................................................... 41 

Glossary ..........................................................................................................................G-1 

Acronyms and Abbreviations ...........................................................................................G-4 

Appendix A 

Map 1 – General Location Map, Meadowood Special Recreation 

 Management Area and Surrounding Areas 

Map 2 - Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area Activity 

 Development Plan, Meadowood East Current Condition 

Map 3 - Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area Activity 

 Development Plan, Meadowood West Current Condition 

Map 4 - Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area Activity 

 Development Plan, Meadowood East 0 to 4 Years 

Map 5 - Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area Activity 

 Development Plan, Meadowood West 0 to 4 Years 

Map 6 - Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area Activity 

 Development Plan, Four Year Plan Objectives 

Map 7 - Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area Activity 

 Development Plan, Vegetation Management 

Map 8 - Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area 

 Activity Development Plan, Control Line Flying Area 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

Part 1 - Integrated Activity Management Plan 

Section I. Introduction 

Purpose of the Plan 

This Integrated Activity Management Plan (IAMP) will authorize specific activities for the 

Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area (SRMA) in accordance with the 

Meadowood Farm Planning Analysis/Environmental Assessment (PA/EA), and further 

expands on the allowable uses in that Plan. The vision for the management of the 

Meadowood SRMA is to focus on three core programs: recreation, environmental 

education/interpretation, and wild horses and burros. These core programs will be 

balanced with the management of natural and cultural resources. 

The Environmental Assessment (EA) in Part 2 will document the analysis of impacts of the 

authorized activities on the quality of the human environment as the Preferred Alternative, as 

required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969. 

Meadowood SRMA Facilities and Location 

The Meadowood SRMA is located in Fairfax County, Virginia, along Gunston Road in 

Lorton (see Appendix A, Map 1). The property is approximately 800 acres and is bordered 

by Gunston Road, Harley Road, Old Colchester Road, and Belmont Boulevard (see 

Appendix A, Maps 2 and 3). Meadowood SRMA consists of wooded acreage and open 

pastures. Support buildings on the property include a stable and indoor riding arena, office 

building, maintenance sheds, and blacksmith shed. There are four former residences on the 

property, one of which is scheduled to be demolished. Three of the residences are being 

converted to include office space, temporary quarters, and an Environmental Education (EE) 

and Interpretive Center. 

There is a network of bladed, graveled 8-foot-wide farm roads through the property, which 

are planned to be used as recreational trails. 

Physiography 

Meadowood SRMA is in the Coastal Plain Province, which is characterized in Virginia by 

broad rolling hills and moderate slopes. Topography of the Meadowood SRMA is 

characterized by gently rolling hills to relatively flat upland areas. 

Land Ownership 

The Meadowood Farm was privately owned until the Department of the Interior (DOI), 

Bureau of Land Management (BLM), acquired it on October 18, 2001, under the authority of 

the 2001 Washington, D.C. Appropriations Act.1

 Section 165 of this Act authorized a 

complex set of land transactions facilitated by Fairfax County. These resulted in the 

 

1

 This law amended Section 1120(g) of the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement 

Act of 1997 (D.C. Code, sec. 24-1201(g)) and Public Law 105-277 (The Lorton Technical Corrections Act of 

1998). 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

2

acquisition of Meadowood Farm by BLM in exchange for federally-owned land in the former 

Lorton Correctional Complex. 

Population Centers 

Meadowood SRMA is located in the Washington, D.C.– Northern Virginia metropolitan 

area. Over five million people live in this region (Census Bureau 2000 data). 

Vehicle and Visitor Access to Site

Access is from Gunston Road, Old Colchester Road, and Belmont Boulevard. Interstate 95 

and U.S. Highway 1 provide access to the Mason Neck Peninsula. 

Other Nearby Recreation Facilities

There are three developed recreation areas in the vicinity of the Meadowood SRMA 

property: 

Mason Neck State Park 

This Park is managed by Virginia’s Department of Conservation and Recreation and is 

approximately one-quarter mile south of the southern boundary of the Meadowood SRMA, 

approximately 5.5 miles by car. The Park is 1,814 acres in size and is a day-use only 

facility; however, group camping can be arranged by permit. There are picnic tables, but no 

shelters are provided. There are 3 miles of self-guided hiking trails (no bridle paths) and an 

environmental education/visitor center. The Park provides waterfront access into Belmont 

Bay on the Potomac River; however, car top boat launching is the only water-oriented 

activity at the Park. 

Pohick Bay Regional Park 

Pohick Bay Regional Park, about 1,000 acres, is also managed by the Northern Virginia 

Regional Park Authority (NVRPA) and is less than one-half mile east of the Meadowood 

SRMA. Recreational features include: 18-hole golf course, driving range, family 

campground, group camping, boat rentals, boat ramp, outdoor swimming pool, bridle 

paths (4 miles), nature trails, picnic shelters, tables, and grills. 

Occoquan Regional Park 

The NVRPA manages 400 acres of recreational land 6 miles northwest of the Meadowood 

SRMA. Recreational features include fishing access points, a boat ramp, soccer fields, 

softball and baseball fields, picnic shelters, and hiking/walking trails. 

Other Planned Recreation Development on Mason Neck 

At this time the only known planned recreation development being considered in the vicinity 

of the Meadowood SRMA is the establishment of a bicycle path. Fairfax County is planning 

development of a bicycle path that would parallel Gunston Road (State Route 242). This 

road is adjacent to the northeast boundary of the Meadowood SRMA (Personal 

communication, Fairfax County recreation officials, 1998). 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

3

Section II. Management Objectives and Standard Practices 

Management Objectives 

Management of the Meadowood SRMA will focus on three core programs: recreation, 

environmental education, and wild horses and burros. The goals and objectives of these 

programs and activities will be balanced with the goals and objectives of the natural and 

cultural resource management programs. Boarding of private horses will be allowed, as well 

as horse-related programs that the BLM determines are appropriate. A visitor center and 

WH&B holding facility will be developed. 

Recreational non-motorized passenger vehicle use and motorized hobby activities will be 

allowed; however, these activities will be restricted to designated areas and times to ensure 

visitor safety and to minimize potential user conflicts. Recreational motorized passenger 

vehicle use will not be allowed. Wildlife, vegetation and riparian/wetland management will 

focus on species diversity, quality, protection, and enhancement in balance with visitor-use 

activities. 

Management of cultural resources will focus on the identification of archaeological and 

historical properties, determination of eligibility for listing on the National Register of 

Historic Places and public interpretation. Protection of historic properties and mitigation of 

potential effects will be directed through compliance with the National Historic Preservation 

Act (NHPA) of 1966 (as amended). 

Standard Management Practices 

The following list of Standard Management Practices will be applied in addition to 

management constraints of the Proposed Action. Standard Management Practices are a 

combination of existing policies and Best Management Practices (BMPs), and includes 

determinations made during the development of the “Meadowood Farm Planning 

Analysis/Environmental Assessment” criteria. When not covered by statute or regulation, 

the rationale for implementing the standard management guidance is stated as: 

1) Meadowood is designated a Special Recreation Management Area (SRMA). When 

an area is identified as having the potential for high public use and/or cultural/natural 

resource management, the SRMA designation is used for internal administrative and 

budgetary considerations. The SRMA designation does not restrict management 

options, activities, or use of Meadowood SRMA. 

2) All future proposed surface-disturbing actions will be subject to the National 

Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). 

3) Prior to surface disturbing activities at Meadowood SRMA, site-specific evaluations 

will be performed to determine the presence of significant resource values. 

Resources to be evaluated will include, but are not limited to, recreation, visual, soils, 

cultural/historical, wetlands/riparian, and federally- and state-listed special-status 

species. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

4

4) No federally- or state-listed special status species are known to exist on the 

Meadowood SRMA. However, all management actions will comply with the 

Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. During the implementation of this 

IAMP, and prior to any surface disturbing or other activities that affect special status 

species, BLM will conduct site surveys and consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service and the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. 

5) Management actions will be conducted in conformance with the objectives of the 

Virginia Air Quality Implementation Plan. The State Air Pollution Control Board 

promulgates the State of Virginia's air regulations. 

6) Management actions will be conducted in a manner conforming to the water-quality 

management objectives developed by the State of Virginia, as required by the 1987 

Water Quality Act Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. 

7) Measures for minimizing impacts on and enhancing soil, water, riparian/wetlands, 

wildlife, and vegetation resources will be outlined through BMPs developed in 

coordination with partnering Federal, State, and local agencies. Included among the 

local guiding regulations for the BMPs is the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act of 

1988. 

8) Protection of migratory birds will be accomplished in accordance with the Migratory 

Bird Treaty Act and Executive Order 13186 of January 10, 2001, Responsibilities of 

Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds. 

9) Protection of bald eagles and similar species will be accomplished in accordance with 

the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. 

10) Exotic, invasive species will be addressed in accordance with the National Invasive 

Species Act and the Executive Order on Invasive Species of 1999. 

11) Meadowood SRMA is closed to commercial mineral leasing/development and 

mineral material sales. 

12) Proposed uses will be evaluated for their potential to release hazardous materials into 

the environment. Use of hazardous materials must comply with the Resource 

Conservation and Recovery Act. Disposal of hazardous materials on Meadowood 

SRMA is prohibited. The discovery of hazardous materials will be handled in 

accordance with the reporting, removal, and remediation requirements of the 

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act. 

13) Meadowood SRMA will not be available for disposal through sale or exchange and is 

designated a right-of-way avoidance area. In most cases, granting of rights-of-way 

for projects such as power lines and pipelines, or county, or State road projects, 

would not be compatible with current or future management objectives. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

5

14) All wildland and structural fires on Meadowood SRMA will be suppressed in an 

aggressive and safe manner. Applicable fire management practices will emphasize 

fire prevention, hazardous fuel reduction, rapid response, and use of appropriate 

suppression techniques. 

15) BLM will allow limited entry hunting on Meadowood SRMA. Hunting will be 

permitted to assist the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries and Fairfax 

County to meet the county deer management population objectives in concert with the 

Meadowood wildlife habitat goals. For public safety, the Meadowood hunts will be 

coordinated with other land managers on the Mason Neck Peninsula, and Meadowood 

SRMA will be closed to the non-hunting public during the hunts. 

16) BLM reserves the authority to implement user fees at Meadowood SRMA. These 

fees may include permits for special events, organized groups, concessions, day use, 

and other uses. BLM also reserves the authority to close the property to other uses 

during special events. 

17) All areas, including trails, will be closed to motorized and non-motorized vehicle use, 

unless designated open. Use outside of designated open areas by motorized and nonmotorized vehicles, equestrians, and pedestrian traffic will be prohibited to protect 

public safety and the resources. 

18) Swimming in the ponds at Meadowood SRMA will not be allowed due to health and 

safety concerns. 

19) All Meadowood SRMA trails, existing and new, will be planned, constructed, and 

maintained following BMPs to ensure resource health and patron safety. The 

following are some materials that will be used to construct and maintain trails: BLM 

Trails Manual 9114 and H-9114-1, BLM Sign Handbook, USDA, Forest Service 

Trail Construction & Maintenance Notebook, USDA, Forest Service Wetland Trail 

Design and Construction Notebook, and The Virginia Greenways and Trails Toolbox. 

20) Visitor safety is a top priority at Meadowood SRMA. Meadowood SRMA 

management will follow standard safety practices found in BLM Manual 1112 and 

associated handbooks. 

21) All management actions will comply with the NHPA of 1966, as amended. During 

the implementation of this IAMP, and prior to any surface disturbing or other 

activities that may affect cultural resources, projects will be subject to the review and 

recommendations of BLM’s Cultural Resources program, the Virginia Department of 

Historic Resources (DHR), and the Fairfax County Archaeology Program. All 

surveys will meet the professionally-recognized standards defined by the Department 

of the Interior and the State of Virginia DHR. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

6

Section III. Allowable Uses

This section describes the allowable management activities planned for Meadowood SRMA 

over the next 4 years (see Appendix A, Maps 4, 5, and 6). Implementation would be phased 

in gradually, dependent on available funding. Some actions may require additional 

engineering and environmental studies before they could be implemented.

Environmental Education 

BLM will develop and support EE programs and an Interpretive Center at the Meadowood 

SRMA. The exact nature of this program and any associated infrastructure will be 

determined through collaboration with partner groups, educators, and other interested parties. 

These programs will provide diverse audiences opportunities to understand resource 

management goals and the importance of natural and cultural resources to individuals and 

communities in a variety of indoor and outdoor settings. Staff will work with students and 

teachers to provide science education with programs and materials on Virginia, public lands, 

and natural resources. 

The EE and Interpretive Center will use the infrastructure and natural resources at the site to 

provide outdoor learning experiences for people of all ages. The purpose of the Center will 

be to promote land stewardship, and the Center will serve as a regional resource for 

environmental education. 

Volunteers and Partnerships 

Volunteers and partners will be needed to help develop, manage, and operate the various 

programs at Meadowood SRMA. The BLM will enter into partnerships with Federal, State, 

county, and non-profit organizations to achieve mutual resource management, educational, 

and interpretive goals. The partnerships may consist of state and local agencies, elementary, 

middle and high schools, home-schooled children, colleges, universities, friends groups, 

churches, Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts, and community groups. 

Accessibility 

The BLM is required to comply with two Federal laws in making its facilities and programs 

accessible to all: 

• Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) (Public Law 90-480) - This Act, passed in 1968, 

requires that all buildings and facilities constructed in whole or in part by Federal 

funds must be accessible to, and usable by, physically disabled persons. This 

includes any construction, renovation, restoration, remodeling, or site development 

completed by the agencies. 

• Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-112), as amended. Section 

504 states that all Federal programs, activities, and services must be accessible to 

disabled visitors, including those with physical, hearing, visual, and learning 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

7

impairments (federally-assisted programs must also comply with this Section). 

DOI regulations for implementation of this law were issued in 1982. 

The BLM is committed to making its programs and facilities accessible to disabled visitors. 

BLM will be conducting evaluations at the Meadowood SRMA, identifying access 

deficiencies, developing action plans, and completing retrofits. New facilities will be built 

using universal design principles. 

Recreation 

Camping 

Public camping is not allowed at Meadowood SRMA. BLM-sponsored environmental 

education events may allow for group camping without a permit if the participants are 

involved in an activity covered by a Memorandum of Understanding, Partnership Agreement, 

or Sponsorship Agreement with the BLM. Camping allowed in conjunction with an 

environmental education program will take place near the EE and Interpretive Center. Fees 

may be charged to the partner organization depending on the nature of the agreement to 

cover staff costs for monitoring and security as well as building access, site preparation, and 

clean up. 

Fishing 

Public fishing will be allowed adjacent to the EE Center and Wood Thrush Trail according to 

Commonwealth of Virginia Fishing Regulations. Additional pond fishing may be allowed at 

the pond adjacent to Gunston Road in the future, depending on demand for the activity and 

other designated uses in that area. There will be access to the pond from the EE Center along 

a pedestrian only, wheelchair accessible path. A wheelchair accessible fishing pier/viewing 

deck will be built parallel to the shore on the west side of the pond. This pier will accommodate pedestrians and individuals in wheelchairs interested in fishing, or enjoying the sites and 

sounds from the pier. 

To ensure a quality experience and avoid overcrowding, individuals fishing at Meadowood 

SRMA may be required to sign in and out at the EE Center. A capacity limit may be set to 

limit the number of people who can fish at one time. The purpose of a capacity number is to 

maintain a safe, quality recreation experience and to protect the fishery resource. Signs will 

be posted at the pond to indicate the species, size, weight, and number of fish that individuals 

are allowed to keep. Fish that do not meet the posted criteria, or are in excess of the allowed 

limit, must be released back into the pond. 

Use of Control Line Model Airplanes 

Flying control line model airplanes (defined for this Plan as a tethered model, not controlled 

by a remote device, used for entertainment or educational purposes only, with an engine 

displacement of 1 cubic inch or less, or an electric motor with an equivalent or lower power 

rating) will be allowed on Meadowood SRMA’s western parcel in Field #1 on the two 

circles, where the activity had occurred when the parcel was privately owned (see 

Appendix A, Map 8). 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

8

The established circles will be used for flying as the area had previously been modified 

for this purpose, and meets the requirements of the activity (see Appendix A, Map 8). 

Additionally, the tree-lined location provides a sound buffer to the surrounding 

neighborhood. A club which previously used the site, Northern Virginia Control Line 

Association (NVCL), has a small shed at the flying circles to house maintenance equipment 

for the circles. BLM may enter into an agreement with NVCL to allow the shed to remain, 

and for the group to maintain the flying circles using equipment stored in the shed. 

Control Line flying will be permitted at the Meadowood SRMA during the years 2004-2005 

from July 1, through March 31, from 8:00 a.m. to sunset, a maximum of 3 days per week, 

initially Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. The days of the week available for flying may be 

changed by the Lower Potomac Field Station Manager (LPFSM) based on visitor use. 

During the periods from April 1 through June 30, 2004, and April 1 through June 30, 2005, a 

breeding bird survey will be done in the western parcel to meet Federal responsibilities under 

the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and Executive Order 13186. During this period, control line 

flying will be allowed in the field north of the visitor center on Belmont Boulevard at a site 

located 50 feet from the Wood Thrush Trail access on the west side and 180 feet from the 

trail on the north. Flying will allowed one day per week, initially on Saturdays. The Lower 

Potomac Field Station Manager may change flying times to accommodate other visitor use. 

During the 2004 breeding bird survey, the western parcel will be closed to the public. 

Limited use may be allowed during the 2005 breeding season, depending on an evaluation by 

the BLM. When the results of the 2004 and 2005 breeding surveys have been evaluated, the 

BLM will determine periods of use in Open Field #1 for subsequent years. 

Mitigation of potential resource damage and user safety issues necessitates the 

implementation of restrictions for control line flying at Meadowood SRMA. The following 

rules will apply: 

1. On-site storage of fuel or accelerants, such as gasoline, is prohibited due to the fire 

potential. Field #1 will be a no smoking area in efforts to minimize the potential for a 

wildfire. BLM reserves the right to rescind access to this area for control line model 

airplane flying if these and other established rules are not followed to ensure the 

protection of the resources and visitors. 

2. Vehicles will only be permitted on the established access road to the Field #1. A 

parking area will be established to the east side of the northern flying circle. 

Overflow parking will be available northeast of the flying site at the old chipping 

mill. BLM will post signs with use rules and restrictions in this area. 

3. Special control line flying events (e.g., competitions, educational events, or those 

with an entry fee, etc.) will require a Special Recreation Permit (SRP) as detailed in 

the SRP section below. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

9

Trails-Pedestrian 

This Plan calls for a number of single- and multi-use trails to be maintained and developed 

during implementation (see Appendix A, Map 6). Pedestrian trail use will be allowed on 

posted trails within the hours of operation at Meadowood SRMA. Pedestrian trail use is 

defined as walking, hiking, or jogging. To provide a variety of recreation opportunities while 

minimizing user conflicts, compatible trail activities will share trails in part or whole. Uses 

that may cause potential user conflicts and visitor safety risks will occur on separate trails. 

Pedestrian trail users will share some trails with equestrian users, and other trails with nonmotorized passenger vehicles. Multi-use trails will have appropriate signage and instruction 

on how to safely meet others along the trail to reduce user conflicts and potential safety 

issues. New trails will be constructed to connect the eastern and western parcels. Another 

new trail may be constructed to connect the wayside information kiosk planned for Gunston 

Road with the rest of the trail system at Meadowood SRMA. 

BLM will implement seasonal and/or temporary restrictions and closures as needed to 

minimize resource impact during wet seasons, wildlife mating season, maintenance, etc. A 

trail monitoring and maintenance program will be developed and implemented to assess trail 

conditions on an ongoing basis. Changes to access will be clearly posted for visitors at 

trailheads. Updated trail and site conditions will be available daily on a recorded telephone 

message. Pedestrian trail use will not require check-in at the EE Center or a permit. 

Along the trail system, BLM will develop interpretive signs to educate visitors on cultural 

sites, vegetation, and wildlife. Additionally, BLM will identify wildlife watching areas 

where visitors can safely observe animals in their natural habitat. 

Trails-Equestrian 

Public, equestrian trail use (defined as horseback riding) will be allowed on posted trails 

at Meadowood SRMA. These trails will be open to public access based on demand, 

sustainability, trail/resource condition, and visitor safety. Additional trails for pedestrian/ 

equestrian use may be developed north of the main East–West trail on the western parcel. 

Consideration for developing additional trails will depend on demand, sustainability, trail and 

resource condition, and visitor safety. A connection trail is planned for access between the 

western and eastern Meadowood parcels with a road crossing at Belmont Boulevard. 

Existing equestrian trails on Mason Neck include those located on private and public, county, 

and State lands (e.g., Pohick Bay Regional Park Trail System) as well as the planned Fairfax 

County multi-use trail along Gunston Road. The addition of equestrian trails at Meadowood 

SRMA will enhance trail riding opportunities for local equestrians as well as equestrians who 

will trailer their horses to the area to trail ride. Trails will be routed around the horse 

boarding stables and wild horse and burro corrals in order to avoid potential health or safety 

conflicts. 

Activities that may cause potential user conflicts and visitor safety risks will occur on 

separate trails or areas. For visitor safety, mountain biking will not be allowed on trails with 

equestrian access; however, it may be necessary for these trails to intersect. Trail 

intersections will be well signed, and bicyclists will be required to dismount, wait for any 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

10

equestrian traffic to clear, and then walk their bikes across the intersection before continuing 

their ride. Multi-use trails will have appropriate signage and instruction on how to safely 

encounter other users along the trail (e.g., yield triangles) and informational brochures will be 

available at kiosk(s) and visitor contact points. 

The surfaces of the existing trails and interior roadways are comprised of the native sandy 

soils and pebbles. This trail surface is ideal for horses and will be maintained by grading. 

Where needed, more sandy soil fill material will be added. Drainage bars may be installed 

along sloping trails to divert surface water runoff and minimize surface erosion. Trail 

segments which are located in low, poorly drained areas will be enhanced with sandy gravel 

fill or may be re-routed to higher ground. Interior roadways may be crowned and ditched to 

control surface erosion. Additional erosion control measures will be identified and used 

where appropriate. 

BLM may limit trail access due to seasonal or temporary conditions in order to ensure visitor 

safety, maintain trail surfaces, and minimize impacts during wet or inclement conditions, or 

wildlife mating seasons. Trail closures or restrictions will be clearly posted at trail access 

points and available on an updated recorded telephone message at Meadowood SRMA. 

Trails-Motorized Passenger Use 

Motorized passenger use trail activities are not allowed at Meadowood SRMA. Trailsmotorized passenger use refers to any motorized conveyance, including but not limited to 

vehicles with combustion engines, and electric, solar, hydrogen, or battery power. 

Trails-Non-Motorized Passenger Use 

As proposed in the Meadowood Farm PA/EA (November 2002), these activities will be 

allowed. Non-motorized passenger use trail activities are defined as mountain biking and 

horse-drawn carriages and carts. These activities may be seasonal depending on trail 

conditions and will be restricted to designated areas and times to minimize user conflicts, 

safety issues, and resource degradation. 

Mountain biking may be allowed at designated times and areas on Meadowood SRMA’s 

western parcel, based on demand for the activity and site conditions. For visitor safety, the 

trail would be shared with pedestrians only. Mountain biking would not be allowed on trails 

with equestrian access; however, it may be necessary for these trails to intersect. Trail 

intersections would be well signed, and mountain bikers would be required to dismount their 

bikes, wait for any equestrian traffic to clear, and then walk their bike across the intersection 

before remounting to ride again. Multi-use trails will have appropriate signage and 

instruction on how to safely meet others along the trail (yield triangle) to avoid user 

conflicts and potential safety issues. 

Equestrian Facilities 

BLM will construct an outdoor riding ring (i.e., arena). The new outdoor riding ring, as well 

as the existing indoor riding arena, will be available for scheduled educational events, such as 

training clinics in support of the Wild Horse and Burro (WH&B) Adoption and Compliance 

program and public educational programs such as 4-H and Pony Club Riding Programs. It is 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

11

anticipated that these facilities would be built on the 0 to 4-year timeframe, with the exact 

locations within Fields 4 and/or 5 still to be determined (see Appendix A, Map 4). The 

availability of the indoor arena for outside public use is anticipated to be limited as long as 

private horse boarding is present. The outdoor arena will also be available for competitive 

and educational events, such as day shows or competitions, and training clinics by these nonprofit, educational organizations; however, larger horse shows and events for the general 

equestrian public will not take place. The size of events will depend on the parking available 

in Fields 4 and 5 (see Appendix A, Map 4). The outdoor riding ring will likely be located in 

the vicinity of the stables or near the wild horse and burro corrals, and would be available to 

use through issuance of a Special Recreation Permit (SRP) by the BLM.

Special Recreation Permits 

The LPFSM will issue SRPs for commercial, competitive or group recreation activities 

according to 43 CFR Parts 2930 et al. published in the Federal Register on October 1, 2002. 

The following Supplemental Rules will also apply: 

1) To protect the site and users, the following activities will not receive SRPs at 

Meadowood SRMA: 

a) Activities involving motorized vehicles, other than to access the site on designated 

roads; 

b) Activities involving the use of firearms, other than for hunting during periods 

approved by the BLM; and 

c) Activities involving model rocketry or explosive devices. 

2) A SRP at Meadowood SRMA will be needed when (additional to criteria in 43 CFR 

2930): 

a) The LPFSM determines that any part of the site must be closed to the public for the 

proposed activity to be conducted safely; 

b) The LPFSM determines that the proposed activity will require BLM staff time outside 

of normal working hours for permit to be issued or the activity to be monitored; 

c) The proposed activity involves surface disturbance in undisturbed areas; 

d) The proposed activity will require exceeding the capacity of available designated 

parking spaces in the SRMA or surrounding areas; and 

e) The LPFSM determines that the proposed activity may disrupt BLM horse-related 

activities. 

3) Additional guidelines: 

a) An applicant may request alternate rain days or locations for a one-time event. BLM 

will require an event plan with all SRP applications; and 

b) Permits will be required for any equestrian driving (horse drawn carriages and 

carts) and all competitive equestrian events and will be considered by BLM on a 

case-by-case basis. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

12

Supplementary Rules/Access Restrictions 

The Meadowood SRMA trails will be open to the public daily from sunrise to sunset 

throughout the year. The BLM offices and designated administration sites will be open as 

designated by the BLM. Initially, access may be restricted due to visitor safety concerns and 

staff availability. Fences and gates will be installed where administrative access would be 

issued. Users found violating regulations may be cited under various BLM authorities. 

Motor vehicle use to the public in the Meadowood SRMA is limited to the following access 

roads and areas (see Appendix A, Map 4): 

1. The established road from Old Colchester Road to the flying circles in the west 

parcel, when that area is open to the public; 

2. The gravel road from Belmont Boulevard to the paved visitor contact parking area; 

3. The paved road from Gunston Road to the graveled parking areas at the horse barn 

and BLM compound is open for BLM employees, official visitors, and boarders or 

their guests only. No unauthorized vehicles are permitted south of the main BLM 

office in this area; and 

 

4. The gravel road from Gunston Road to the Mustang Trail and areas 4, 5, 6, and 7 will 

only be open as needed for horse adoptions or other special activities. 

Administrative Sites 

The areas shown on the maps in Appendix A as “Administrative Areas” shall be used for 

BLM administrative purposes, and will be open to the public on a limited basis, at times and 

for purposes established by the LPFSM. These areas are: 

1. The BLM compound east of the indoor horse arena and horse stalls at 

10406 Gunston Road, including cleared areas up to the fenced horse pastures; 

2. The indoor horse arena and stalls at 10406 Gunston Road; 

3. The house, garage, and manure disposal area located on the western edge of 

Field #5; and 

4. The landscaped area around the EE and Interpretive Center at 10705 Belmont 

Boulevard. 

Parking 

See Appendix A, Maps 4 and 5 for general location of existing and proposed parking areas. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

13

Western Parcel 

Field #1. Up to six parking spaces will be available for passenger vehicles (e.g., cars, 

SUVs). The surface will be gravel or paving stones to allow water infiltration. The primary 

use for parking in this area is for participants in control line flying. 

 “Overflow” Parking at the Chipping Mill. Up to 14 parking spaces will be available for 

vehicles. 

Belmont Boulevard Parking. Four to six parking spaces will be developed to accommodate 

a combination of horse trailers and passenger vehicles. A cleared area with a gate currently 

exists, and may be expanded: the actual number of spaces will depend on the design factors 

at the site. 

Old Colchester Road. Space for 2 vehicles is currently available. When the abandoned 

house is demolished and removed from the access road to Field #1, this site may be 

developed as a parking and picnic area. Trails will be routed around the horse boarding 

stables and wild horse and burro corrals in order to avoid potential health or safety conflicts. 

Gunston Road Wayside Information Kiosk/Parking. The exact location of the site will 

depend on negotiations with the Virginia Dept. of Transportation. The site will provide 

information for recreationists visiting all the recreation sites on Mason Neck and could serve 

as a trailhead for the Meadowood trail system. 

Eastern Parcel 

Harley Parking (Field #6). Ten to 12 parking spaces will be developed to accommodate 

vehicles with horse trailers. 

Temporary Special Event Parking (Field #6). Thirty to 60 parking spaces, suitable for 

horse trailers, will be provided based on demand. Design will minimize disturbance to the 

meadow and visual impacts. 

Contact Station NW Parking. Seven parking spaces are currently available for vehicles. 

Contact Station SE Parking. A multi-use parking area will be developed to accommodate 

vehicles, (school) buses, plus four spaces for vehicles with trailers. 

BLM Wild Horse and Burro Facility 

BLM will build a wild horse and burro (WH&B) facility at Meadowood SRMA. The facility 

will be used to hold repossessed or unadopted animals as well as to hold WH&B adoptions 

several times a year and adoptions by appointment. This facility will be built along with a 

visitor center that will serve to educate the public about the BLM and its programs, and will 

provide an equine and resource management component to the environmental education 

programs offered at Meadowood SRMA. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

14

The facility will be constructed to house up to 50 head; however, BLM plans to normally 

hold no more than 25 head per day, and more with adoption events. The WH&B facility will 

be located in the eastern open fields off Gunston Road in the vicinity of the easternmost 

residence building. The facility will be comprised of corrals and pastures, shelters, and an 

alleyway, loading area, and haltering chute. A kiosk or other educational display area will 

provide information to the public on the WH&B program. The exact location, and the final 

dimensions and layout of the corrals, will be dependent upon cultural surveys and clearance 

for the site. There may be support structures needed for feed and equipment storage. The 

entire facility will be located to reduce visual impacts from Gunston Road. Access to the 

facility will likely be the existing driveway off Gunston Road. Parking for adoptions may be 

located on open ground near the corrals, or off of Harley Road. Access will be monitored 

and controlled at all times to ensure animal and visitor safety. 

Horse Manure Composting 

The WH&B facility, equestrian partnerships, and boarding operations described below will 

all result in a significant amount of horse manure being generated at Meadowood on a daily 

basis. Davis and Swinker (2002) state that an average 1,000-pound horse produces 

50 pounds of manure per day. With 75-100 head of total horses at Meadowood, this could 

generate as much as 900 tons of manure per year. The BLM will work with Federal and 

State Agricultural specialists to develop a manure composting system to generate compost 

for use on fields at Meadowood SRMA, and to generate revenue for the government. 

Equestrian Partnerships 

BLM will enter into partnerships with Federal, State, county, and non-profit organizations at 

Meadowood SRMA. These partnerships may include providing stabling, facilities and 

pastures for Federal and other public service or non-profit organizations’ horses as well as 

providing a location for training. In the event that the existing stable housed both private 

boarders (see section below) and BLM partners, BLM will establish rules for joint use of the 

indoor arena and other common areas. Every effort will be made to reduce use conflicts 

between the different groups. BLM will remain the final decision maker in cases of 

disagreement between different groups. 

The incorporation of partners’ horses into the existing facilities will require that BLM 

cross-fence existing pastures in order to separate various groups of horses. Private horses 

would be separated from partner horses in the pastures, as well as in the barn, in order to 

reduce potential injuries. Additional stabling, pastures and other facilities may be 

constructed at Meadowood SRMA. 

BLM received supportive comments from the public to consider therapeutic riding at 

Meadowood SRMA. BLM will consider requests by the Northern Virginia Therapeutic 

Riding Association for a location of such a uniquely beneficial program at Meadowood 

SRMA. 

Private Horse Boarding 

Approximately 46 privately owned horses currently board at the Meadowood SRMA. The 

owners of the horses use the indoor riding arena, as well as the trails and an outside riding 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

15

area. Horse boarding may continue under a concession lease, permit, contract, or agreement. 

The boarding facilities would include portions of the large stable and indoor arena, as well as 

portions of the horse grazing pastures. The pastures will be cross-fenced (divided) to allow 

more flexibility in groups of animals turned out and to afford better pasture management 

through grazing rotation. 

Additional support structures may be built to support boarding and other equine operations at 

Meadowood SRMA. These will include a separate hay storage building in order to reduce 

the risk of fire in the stable. A temporary manure storage area will be constructed. Run-in 

sheds may be built in some pastures to provide shelter to animals during inclement weather. 

Digital Gateway 

A BLM Digital Gateway/Interpretative Center may be constructed through partnerships 

(see Appendix A, Map 4) that will include a “digital gateway” which will provide live, 

interactive visual and audio broadcasts of land management activities throughout the United 

States to participants in a theater or conference setting at the Meadowood SRMA visitor 

center. The digital gateway will provide an avenue for informing and educating the public 

about land management and stewardship issues. 

Riparian/Wetland and Ponds 

Resource commitments and project-by-project mitigation measures to protect riparian 

resources will be made where there is increased land disturbance and impacts from use. Trail 

and facility construction would be completed to avoid short- and long-term impacts on 

riparian/wetland areas. Exotic invasive species such as Japanese stilt grass will be removed 

and replaced with native seed mixes and plantings to improve riparian habitat. 

All riparian/wetland protection and improvements will be conducted in accordance with Best 

Management Practices (BMP) developed in coordination with partnering Federal, State, and 

local agencies, and under the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act of 1988. Also, some riparian 

improvement projects will be implemented to speed riparian habitat recovery where needed. 

Periodic intensive maintenance will keep sediments and aquatic vegetation from filling-in the 

ponds. Maintenance will be coordinated with the Virginia Department of Game and Inland 

Fisheries. 

Wildlife 

The existing forest will be managed for optimum diversity of wildlife habitats in an 

oak-beech-hickory-pine forest with a diverse shrub-forb understory. In addition, deer 

population control in coordination with the Virginia Department of Game and Inland 

Fisheries will help to protect and enhance forest biodiversity. See Appendix A, Map 7 for 

a vegetation map showing wildlife habitats. 

At least 50 acres of existing hayfields will be converted to native grassland. Wildlife habitat 

will be further improved through the creation of forest edges within grassland windrows. 

BLM will conduct intense grassland management along with other IAMP activities. An 

indicator of success of the vegetation conversion will be the increased activities and presence 

of bobwhite quail and selected grassland songbirds. Eastern bluebirds and other edge-using 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

16

species would also benefit. Species requiring larger blocks of grassland (such as some 

ground nesting birds) would not benefit from these improvements. The conversion of 

historic hayfields to native grasslands would temporarily disrupt some wildlife use patterns; 

however, long-term benefits would outweigh these temporary displacements. Conversion to 

warm season native grass/prairie-type area is best done in phases. Once established, these 

grasslands would provide better habitat quality for many species of wildlife. 

Prescribed fire and broadcast or drill-seeding are the recommended tools for creation and 

maintenance of the grasslands. Maintenance cycles would be 3 to 5 years to allow time to 

optimize structural diversity of habitats. 

Fisheries 

The stream fishery will be improved by weed removal and riparian improvement projects. 

An active fisheries management program will result in maintained and improved conditions 

for summer fish survival and all around health in all managed fisheries through cooperative 

use of local technical management expertise. The BLM has entered into a Memorandum of 

Agreement with the State of Virginia for angler and fishery management on two of 

Meadowood SRMA’s three ponds. Initially, fishing will be allowed only at the pond 

adjacent to the EE Center. 

Forestry 

The current forested areas would be managed to restore hardwood diversity in areas where 

selective cutting affected species mix. Some forest management practices would also be 

used to promote species diversity in the understory. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

17

Section IV. Implementation and Monitoring Plan 

Introduction 

Plan implementation consists of on-the-ground facility and program development, additional 

site assessment and resource monitoring to ensure that plan goals and objectives are being 

met. The implementation period for the IAMP is 4 years, subject to available funding and 

staff resources. Monitoring may also reveal the need for plan amendments or decisions to 

not implement certain activities because of resource impacts or conflicts. 

Public Education, Interpretation and Signage 

To protect Meadowood SRMA’s natural and cultural resources, provide for public health and 

safety and to provide an enjoyable outdoor recreation experience, the following informational 

materials and signage will be used: 

1. Various media including newspaper, radio, television, and the Internet will be used to 

inform the public about route designations. Maps will be made available to the public 

and routes and suggested modes of travel will be indicated on these maps in addition 

to “Tread Lightly” information. 

2. Additionally, the BLM-Eastern States’ Meadowood SRMA Web site will contain 

information about recreation opportunities and the associated management measures 

for those activities. The Web site will also provide a local telephone number with 

information updated on an as needed basis, including current park hours, temporary 

and seasonal trail/site closures, maintenance activities, educational events, and other 

pertinent visitor information. 

3. A wayside kiosk will be constructed on BLM property along Gunston Road along 

with signs off-site on major highways in partnership with the other recreation 

providers on Mason Neck: Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge, Mason Neck State 

Park, Mason Hall, and the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority, Pohick Bay 

Regional Park. Signs will be placed onsite to post use regulations and guide visitor 

use. 

Monitoring 

The success of management actions to accomplish management goals can only be determined 

based on monitoring. 

BLM maintains the authority to temporarily or permanently, partially, or completely suspend 

any activity at Meadowood SRMA based on actual or potential safety issues and adverse 

resource impacts. BLM will develop and implement a monitoring system to provide 

information that will assist management in making resource decisions. The monitoring 

system will be adaptable and applicable to all uses at Meadowood SRMA. The monitoring 

system will be designed to identify and address emerging situations that may adversely 

impact the resource and/or visitor experience. The following are some of the components 

that will be included in the monitoring system: identification of key monitoring issues, 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

18

monitoring questions, limits of acceptable change (LAC) and the indicators that will trigger 

action when surpassed, evaluation timing, personnel required to collect and evaluate the 

monitoring data, report findings, and recommend adjustment/mitigation measures. 

All routes and uses remain under a "conditionally open" status. The designated uses will be 

allowed only if the use does not impair the condition and health of the land. The uses would 

be scrutinized more intensely by BLM monitoring if it is determined necessary by the 

authorized officer. 

Based on monitoring, or on any of the above discussion, restrictions on travel may be 

adjusted if the impacts or expected results are not occurring. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

19

Part 2 - Environmental Assessment 

Title: Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area (SRMA) Integrated 

 Activity Management Plan/Environmental Assessment (IAMP/EA) 

EA Number: ES-020-04-06 

Date Prepared: May 28, 2004 

Prepared By: Bureau of Land Management-Eastern States (BLM-Eastern States) 

 Lower Potomac Field Station 

Contact: Howard Levine, BLM-Eastern States, Planning and Environmental 

 Coordinator 

Phone: (414) 297-4463 

E-mail: howard.levine@blm.gov

Lands Involved: Meadowood SRMA, Lorton, Virginia 

 

County: Fairfax 

State: Virginia 

BLM Office: BLM-Eastern States Lower Potomac Field Station 

Proposed Action: See Section II – Allowable Uses – Meadowood SRMA IAMP. 

Purpose and Need 

The BLM NEPA Handbook directs that, all internally or externally Proposed Actions on or 

affecting public lands or resources, under BLM jurisdiction, must be reviewed for NEPA 

compliance. Environmental concerns must be assessed in an environmental document, 

i.e., an Environmental Assessment (EA) and, if warranted, a detailed Environmental Impact 

Statement (EIS). 

Conformance with Land Use Plan 

The IAMP consists of actions that conform with the approved land use plan for the 

Meadowood SRMA (Meadowood Farm PA/EA, November 2002). The State Director signed 

the Decision Record on March 25, 2003. 

The Meadowood Farm PA/EA contains the broad environmental analysis of activities 

approved for Meadowood SRMA. This EA provides additional information onsite for 

specific activities to meet the broad planning goals and objectives. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

20

Laws and Mandates Guiding the Management of Meadowood SRMA 

The following laws, policies, and regulations guide management on the Meadowood SRMA: 

Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) of 1976 – Public Law 94-579, gives the 

BLM legal authority to establish public land policy, to establish guidelines for administering 

such policy and to provide for the management, protection, development, and enhancement 

of the public land. 

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 – The NEPA requires that all Federal 

agencies conduct detailed planning in full consultation with the public on any action that may 

significantly affect the quality of the human and natural environment. 

National Historical Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 – The NHPA requires all Federal 

agencies to administer federally owned, administered, or controlled prehistoric and historic 

resources in a spirit of stewardship for the inspiration and benefit of present and future 

generations. 36 CFR 800 and Section 106, in particular, stipulates that prior to the 

expenditure of any Federal funds on any project, the agency must take into account the effect 

of the undertaking on any historic properties. 

Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) of 1979 – The ARPA provides protection 

for archaeological resources on public lands by prohibiting the "excavation, removal, damage 

or defacing of any archaeological resource located on public lands or Indian lands,” and set 

up criminal penalties for these acts. It also encourages increased cooperation and exchange 

of information between governmental authorities, the professional archaeological 

community, and private individuals having archaeological resources and data which were 

obtained before October 31, 1979. 

In addition to these rules the IAMP will include all applicable Federal laws, regulations, 

executive orders, and policies. The additional laws, which will define BLM’s responsibilities 

when analyzing environmental impacts, include: 

• American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978, 42 U.S.C. 1996 

• Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. 

• Clean Water Act of 1977, 33 U.S.C. 1251, et seq. 

• Clean Water Act of 1987 

• Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982, 16 U.S.C. 3501-3509 

• Coastal Zone Management Act, 16 U.S.C. 1451-1464 

• Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, 

as amended, 42 U.S.C. 9615 

• Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. 

• Executive Order 11988, as amended, Floodplain Management, May 24, 1977 

• Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands, May 24, 1977 

• Executive Order 12088, Federal Compliance with Pollution Control Standards 

(Amended by Executive Order 12580 Superfund Implementation), October 13, 1978, 

February 23, 1987 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

21

• Executive Order 12372, Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs, July 14, 

1982 

• Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to address Environmental Justice in Minority 

Populations and Low-Income Populations, February 11, 1994 

• Executive Order 13112, Invasive Species, February 3, 1999 

• Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974, as amended 

• Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 661-664 

• Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Executive Order 13186, January 10, 2001 

• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 42 U.S.C. 6901, et seq. 

• Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 

• Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 300f, et seq. 

• Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, 30 U.S.C. 1201, et seq. 

• Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1271 

• Wilderness Act of 1964, 16 U.S.C. 1121, et seq. 

The Proposed Action does not conflict with any known State or local planning or zoning 

ordinance. This action is not specifically addressed in the County’s Comprehensive Land 

Use Plan. The proposal, however, is compatible and consistent with other land uses 

occurring within the area. 

Proposed Action and Alternatives 

Proposed Action 

The Proposed Action consists of the activities and actions set forth in Section III-Allowable 

Uses of the attached Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan (Part 1). 

No Action Alternative 

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 requires BLM to consider this alternative. 

Under the no action alternative, BLM would not implement the activities approved by the 

Meadowood Farm PA/EA and the IAMP. Interim management would consist of custodial 

management of the property, with the exception of the horse boarding facility. 

No other alternatives were analyzed, as it would have been required amendment of the 

current land use plan (Meadowood Farm PA/EA, November 2002).

Affected Environment 

Refer to the Meadowood Farm PA/EA (November 2002) and the attached IAMP (Part 1) for 

descriptions of the affected environment and other resource information. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

22

Critical Elements of the Environment 

The table below shows the status of critical elements that are analyzed in this Environmental 

Assessment. 

Critical Elements Present Affected 

Yes No Possible Yes No Possible 

Air Quality X X 

Areas of Critical Environmental 

Concern 

X X 

Coastal Zone X X 

Cultural Resources/Paleo Resources X X 

Environmental Justice X X 

Prime and Unique Farm Land X X 

Floodplains X X 

Invasive/Noninvasive Species X X 

Native American Religious Concerns X X 

Special Status Species/Threatened and 

Endangered Species 

X X 

Waste, Hazardous and Solid X X 

Water Quality, Surface and Ground X X 

Wetlands and Riparian Zones X X 

Wild and Scenic Rivers X X 

Wilderness Values X X 

Air Quality

Impacts to air quality would be generated from two sources: (1) fugitive dust generated from 

farm maintenance vehicles operating on unpaved roads would increase suspended 

particulates in the immediate area during dry conditions; and (2) exhaust from the use of 

farm machinery, passenger and transport vehicles, and other machinery or tools powered by 

internal combustion engines would have a negative effect. Impacts from the referenced 

sources would be limited to the immediate vicinity of the activity and would be of short 

duration (24 hours or less). 

Indirect or cumulative impacts to air quality on Mason Neck would not occur. 

Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) 

The Meadowood SRMA is not an ACEC, nor is it located near one. The Proposed Action 

does not, therefore, affect ACECs. 

Coastal Zone

Virginia established a federally-approved Coastal Resources Program in 1986. This 

authorizes the Commonwealth of Virginia to require that Federal actions in the coastal zone 

be consistent with its Coastal Resources Program. Fairfax County is one of the counties 

covered by Virginia’s Coastal Resource Program. The 15 CFR 930.31 states, in part, that a 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

23

Federal development project is a Federal activity involving the planning, construction, 

modification, or removal of public works, facilities, or other structures, and the acquisition, 

utilization, or disposal of land or water resources. Therefore, any actions, included in this 

Plan and all future activities, will be subject to a coastal zone consistency review. No 

indirect or cumulative impacts to Virginia’s coastal zone would occur from implementing the 

Proposed Action. 

Cultural and Paleontological Resources 

Historical Context of Meadowood SRMA 

The Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) maintains comprehensive databases, 

archives, and regional Cultural and Historical Overviews for the State of Virginia. Historical 

Overviews broadly discuss the types of archaeological and historical sites within a region and 

generally define the context of the historical landscape within a defined geographic 

boundary. 

Specific to Meadowood SRMA, an archaeological assessment and Historical Overview was 

completed for BLM in 2000 by Archaeological Testing Consultants, Inc. (ATC). This 

assessment provides a basic outline of the prehistoric and historic resources identified 

around the region and identifies high, medium, and low areas of potential for containing 

archaeological sites within Meadowood SRMA. The Historic Overview for Meadowood 

SRMA was based on archival references, informant interviews, and the knowledge obtained 

from other regional overviews. Collectively, this information provides a general picture of 

the archaeological and historical site potential within Meadowood SRMA. 

Few archaeological surveys have been conducted within the Meadowood SRMA tract. 

Therefore, a baseline of identified cultural resources within the property is minimal. Two 

archaeological surveys were completed in 2003 and account for approximately 6 acres of 

the approximately 800 acres within Meadowood SRMA. Both surveys identified distinct 

prehistoric and historic occupations (sites) within the small sample of the property subjected 

to surveys. 

The Meadowood SRMA maintains a high to moderate probability of containing historic and 

prehistoric cultural resources throughout the entire 800-acre tract. In particular, archival and 

historic literature review indicates a very high potential for historic sites (particularly 18th and 

19th Century home sites, farmsteads and transportation features) within key areas of the 

property. Archaeologists believe most historic sites located within Meadowood SRMA will 

be identified in an archaeological (below ground) context. With a few possible exceptions, 

historically significant standing structures and above ground features are absent from the 

modern landscape. 

Meadowood SRMA is also situated within favorable physiographic settings for prehistoric 

settlement. The location of the property within the Potomac River watershed and the 

presence of significant secondary drainages and upland terraces, influences the tendency for 

higher prehistoric site potential. In general, the Mason Neck region demonstrates an 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

24

abundance of prehistoric site activity, though relatively few archaeological sites have been 

formally tested and evaluated within the region. 

The nature and extent of historic and prehistoric cultural resources at Meadowood SRMA 

remains unknown. Archaeologists have a rough understanding of what types of cultural 

resources might be contained beneath the modern landscape at Meadowood SRMA, and the 

potential of which appears to be exciting. In order to effectively manage these resources, 

however, additional archaeological surveys and site evaluations are needed. 

Environmental Justice 

Executive Order 12898 directs Federal agencies to address whether their programs, policies 

and activities would have a disproportionately high and adverse human health or 

environmental effect on minority and low-income populations. Would the proposed action 

directly, indirectly or cumulatively affect minority or low-income populations? The 

Meadowood SRMA is in a rural area, and there are no communities, businesses or multiplefamily dwellings in a 1-mile radius of the Meadowood SRMA that are known to be inhabited 

or owned by predominantly minority or low-income families or individuals. 

Prime and Unique Farm Land 

Meadowood SRMA does not contain prime or unique farmland. The activities proposed will 

not, therefore, affect prime or unique farmlands. 

Floodplains 

The Proposed Action will not adversely affect any floodplains. 

Invasive/Noninvasive Species 

Meadowood SRMA currently contains exotic and invasive plants. These species crowd out 

native plant species and create a zonal monoculture, which does not support plant diversity. 

The most common exotic and invasive species which have been identified at Meadowood 

SRMA include Japanese Honeysuckle, Japanese Stiltgrass, Chinese Lespedeza, Korean 

Carpet Clover, Trumpet Vine, Multiflora Rose, Orchard Grass, Royal Paulownia, Tree of 

Heaven (Ailanthus), Giant Foxtail, Green Foxtail, English Plantain, Japanese Broome, and 

Garlic Mustard. 

Mitigating Measures 

BLM will develop a weed management strategy which includes measures to remove and 

reduce the spread of exotics and invasive species, and replace them with appropriate native 

plant species. The control measures may include hand or mechanical pulling, mowing prior 

to vegetation going to seed, prescribed burns, or herbicide application (Tu, Hurd, & Randall, 

2001). BLM will implement the strategy, using volunteers, where appropriate (e.g., handpulling select species such as Japanese honeysuckle). Areas to be targeted for priority 

control include transition zones, trails, and waterways. BLM will coordinate with other 

agencies on Mason Neck to jointly implement measures to address invasive and exotic 

species throughout the Peninsula. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

25

Native American Religious Concerns 

There are no known or suspected traditional cultural properties and/or sites of Native 

American religious concern at this time. 

Special Status Species/Threatened and Endangered Species 

There is a bald eagle nest within one-quarter mile of the Meadowood SRMA property. 

Above the stream banks there is habitat for small-whorled pogonia (also a federally-listed 

species). 

State-listed species or state species of concern that may occur on Meadowood SRMA include 

the wood turtle, the Northern Virginia well amphipod, Pizzini’s amphipod, the tidewater 

amphipod, and the river bulrush. Prior to any new activities on Meadowood SRMA, 

extensive inventories (to be completed in coordination with the Virginia Department of 

Natural Heritage in 2004) for state- and federally-listed species will be completed. 

To date, no information has warranted formal consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service. 

Mitigating Measures 

Presently, there are no federally-listed or state-sensitive species known to exist on 

Meadowood SRMA. The BLM is required by regulations to manage threatened and 

endangered species or state-sensitive species and their habitat. If federally-listed or statesensitive species are encountered, management actions would be taken immediately to ensure 

the continued existence of the species and/or their habitat. 

Waste-Hazardous or Solid 

The Meadowood Farm PA/EA discussed the Modified Phase I Environmental Site 

Assessment (ESA) performed at the time of acquisition. Based on the Modified Phase I 

report, the following sites were identified: 

Horse Graveyard: A horse graveyard is located just west and adjacent to the office building. 

The burial dates vary, with some dating back several years, and the graves are still being 

attended by the horse owners. 

Bedding Disposal Area: The Bedding Disposal Area consists of a large stockpile of 

approximately 400 cubic yards of mixed wood chips and horse manure. 

Buried Stump Area: There is an area of buried stumps near the eastern property boundary. 

This area could pose a potential hazard to the public because subsurface water channeling has 

resulted in surface subsidence and several pot holes. 

Biological Waste: Biological waste is limited to horse manure which has been spread over 

the fields or hauled away by the local farmers. Disposal of all veterinary sharp needles is 

done in compliance with State laws at an approved facility. 

No other hazardous waste issues have been identified. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

26

Water Quality, Surface and Ground 

Water quality may be affected by increased recreational use through compaction or erosion 

of trails and recreational areas. In addition, application of fertilizers, inadequate manure 

management, and parking lot construction could affect water quality. Potential impacts 

include chemical pollution, increased sediment, and reduced ground-water infiltration. 

Potential increased sedimentation and non-point source pollution caused by equines on this 

pasture land could negatively affect aquatic and riparian species. This will be addressed 

through appropriate pasture and waste management practices, including fertilizing and 

seeding pastures, controlling weeds, and grazing rotation. Increased wildlife congregation in 

the remaining habitat could decrease vegetative quality and quantity. Doubling pasture 

acreage would increase habitat for brown-headed cowbirds and starlings. Creation and 

management of native grasslands in every open field that is not used for equine activities will 

help to mitigate these impacts. In addition, this also justifies the need for appropriate deer 

herd reductions. 

Mitigating Measures 

BLM will create and enhance vegetative buffers adjacent to waterways, pastures, trails and 

roadways to increase natural filtering and reduce sedimentation and other non-point source 

pollutants and runoff. 

Trails will be constructed and maintained to reduce water crossings and placement along 

steep slopes and erosive areas and reduce erosion and compaction. Parking areas will be 

located and designed so as to minimize run-off; low areas and slopes will be avoided, slopes 

reduced, and diversion ditches placed where appropriate. Parking lots will be surfaced with 

gravel or other materials to allow water infiltration, and reduce surface-water run-off. 

The horse pastures will be managed to allow for quick degradation of manure by dragging 

the pastures on a periodic basis. Pasture rotation, fertilization, and seeding will result in 

enhanced vegetative cover, which will reduce surface-water run-off and erosion, and increase 

ground-water infiltration. The outdoor riding ring will be constructed of gravel, bluestone, 

and other permeable footing. The ring construction will minimize surface-water run-off and 

enhance infiltration; there will be negligible run-off from the ring. 

The BLM is studying development of a composting system for the horse manure now 

generated by the approximately 50 horses at Meadowood SRMA, and the additional 

25-50 horses that may be held at the site through the creation of the WH&B Adoption 

Facility and various equestrian partnerships. The projected 900 tons of manure that will be 

generated at Meadowood SRMA, annually will be either composted onsite in a location so 

that no water pollution occurs, or stored in a location onsite and removed so that no water 

pollution occurs. 

A water-monitoring program will be initiated to document water-quality and quality 

parameters, and allow for early identification of both positive and negative impacts from 

activities at Meadowood SRMA. BLM will work closely with Fairfax County in developing 

the monitoring program so that it compliments ongoing water-quality monitoring that is 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

27

occurring elsewhere in the County (Fairfax County Environmental Quality Advisory 

Council, 2003). 

Wetlands and Riparian Zones 

The 30 acres of wetlands within the study area would not be adversely impacted by the 

proposed action because Best Management Practices (BMPs) developed by state and local 

agencies including those developed under the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act of 1988. 

Wild and Scenic Rivers 

There are no designated or eligible wild and scenic rivers in the vicinity of Meadowood 

SRMA. 

Wilderness Values 

There are no Wilderness Areas or areas suitable for Wilderness designation at Meadowood 

SRMA. 

Other Resource Impacts 

Beyond the impacts to “critical elements” described above, the proposed IAMP activities 

may affect other resource values. These resources include: soils, vegetation, visual 

resources, and outdoor recreation. 

Soils 

As equestrian activities increase, there may be a potential for overgrazing and erosion in 

the fenced pastures of Fields 2, 3, 4 and 5, shown on Appendix A, Map 4. Parking lot 

construction and maintenance will impact soils in the construction areas however these 

impacts will not be significant if the mitigating measures below are applied. Impacts from 

parking lots will primarily be due to erosion during and after construction. Trail construction 

and use may cause both erosion and compaction, depending upon level of use, trail slope, 

maintenance, and adjacent vegetative cover. 

Mitigating Measures 

BLM will monitor on-the-ground conditions in cooperation with the Northern Virginia Soil 

and Water Conservation District in order to develop and implement adaptive management 

strategies to minimize impacts. In order to insure that overgrazing, erosion, or soil 

compaction does not occur in the horse pastures, BLM will fertilize, seed, and cross-fence 

the horse pastures. A rotational grazing system will be used when feasible to allow pastures 

time to “rest” and grasses to grow. The water sources in pastures will be located so as to 

avoid low areas, drainages, and areas where the horses naturally congregate, such as gateway 

areas. 

Parking areas will be designed and constructed to minimize surface disturbance. Soil 

compaction will occur in the parking areas; however, gravel or pavers will be used to reduce 

erosion and allow continued infiltration. Trail compaction will be negligible due to the sandy 

nature of the soils. The trails will be regraded and drainage bars installed where soil 

compaction causes drainage problems. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

28

Vegetation 

Forest Habitat Existing Situation 

Intense development and urbanization within Fairfax County has reduced the amounts of 

open space and natural vegetation that are suitable for wildlife habitat. Approximately 

11.9 percent of the land within the County is used for parks and recreation, and 12 percent is 

vacant or used for natural uses (Fairfax County, 2003). Some of these land parcels are not 

considered valuable for wildlife habitat, because of recreation development (e.g., ball fields). 

As open space and natural resources are reduced, the county is protecting and enhancing 

existing open space. Forest vegetation covers approximately 600 acres of Meadowood 

SRMA. See Appendix A, Map 7 for a vegetation map. The majority of the forest lies on 

sloping and riparian terrain. 

Impacts 

Adverse impacts to the existing forest habitat from the Proposed Action are minimal. 

Potential impacts include the spread or introduction of invasive species as well as increased 

potential for erosion and damage to vegetation along trails. Eliminating OHV trespass in 

portions of Meadowood SRMA, particularly the western section, will provide benefits by 

reducing the current damage to vegetation as well as erosion from vehicle tracks. 

There are approximately 2,000 feet of new hiking trail that will be constructed within forest 

habitat to connect the East and West parcels (see Appendix A, Maps 4 and 6). The wayside 

kiosk for visitor information and the parking areas on Old Colchester Road and Belmont 

Boulevard will also be constructed within forested areas; however, at all three sites, the forest 

cover has been disturbed by previous construction, cutting and pruning for road corridors and 

utility lines. At the most, 1.5 acres of tree cover could be removed for these facilities. 

Mitigating Measures 

The existing forest habitat will be maintained and managed for optimum diversity of wildlife 

habitat in an oak-beech-hickory-pine forest with a diverse shrub-forb understory. Silvicultural practices will be applied for forest-stand composition maintenance and health 

improvement. This management will enhance and diversify wildlife habitat within the forest. 

BLM’s management strategy at Meadowood SRMA includes close coordination with the 

Virginia Department of Forestry and Fairfax County to develop management strategies to 

address forest composition, invasive species, potential erosion, wildlife habitat, and 

water-quality issues in the forested portions of Meadowood SRMA. 

Aggressive trail monitoring and maintenance will reduce the potential for erosion along 

trails. Trails will be clearly marked and signed to minimize incidents of the public 

wandering off designated trails and damaging vegetation. Levels of use will be closely 

monitored to ensure that both pedestrian and equestrian uses do not exceed the capacity of 

the trails or cause damage to forest and water resources. Eliminating illegal all terrain 

vehicle and off-highway vehicle trespass will serve to further diminish erosion and damage 

to forest habitat. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

29

The forest habitat and forest trails will be managed to control invasive species such as 

Japanese honeysuckle and Japanese stilt grass. BLM will develop an Invasive Weed 

Management Strategy for Meadowood during 2004. The Plan will address monitoring and 

treatment of Japanese honeysuckle and stilt grass as well as other invasive species. 

Site-specific forest habitat projects, such as selective ecotone or transition management along 

the edges of the open fields, will be established to enhance wildlife habitat and forest health. 

These transition areas will be comprised of open field edges along forests that will be 

allowed to grow up, and may include plantings and other site-specific enhancements. In the 

eastern open field edges, localized selective beech tree cuttings, accompanied by plantings of 

other hardwood and understory tree species, may be used. Canker worm control on the 

eastern portions of may be required to maintain forest health. Deer population reductions 

and temporary 15–20 acre deer exclosure fences may be used to protect new plantings. 

Forest habitat improvements in the western open fields will include treatment for invasive 

weeds and treatment to control weedy pines and sweet gum. 

Maintaining healthy forest vegetation and stable ground conditions at Meadowood SRMA 

will provide continued stream protection and beneficial impacts on surface and shallow 

ground waters and streams flowing onto, through, and out of the property. Streams on the 

property are located predominantly within the forested areas. Shade from the tree canopy 

maintains cooler water temperatures so that the water holds more oxygen. Streamside forests 

also offer food, nesting sites, and protection to a great number of streamside wildlife 

including birds, turtles, beaver, and snakes. Additionally, tree roots stabilize vulnerable 

stream banks and provide cover to fish, crayfish, and aquatic insects. Forested areas act as 

buffers that reduce high amounts of excess nutrients and suspended solids from runoff. 

The design of the visitor use and parking areas on Gunston Road, Old Colchester Road, 

and Belmont Boulevard will be done to minimize disturbance to natural vegetation, and 

landscaping will incorporate existing natural trees and shrubs as much as possible. 

Guidelines will be incorporated into construction activities to prevent the establishment of 

weeds during and after construction, and these sites will be managed to prevent growth of 

weeds. 

Open Fields Habitat Existing Situation 

Approximately 160 acres at Meadowood SRMA are open fields or grasslands. The open 

fields are located on both the eastern and western parcels (see Appendix A, Maps 3 and 5). 

Some of the open fields are currently used as horse pastures in support of the horse boarding 

operations. The majority of open fields were used for hay production prior to BLM’s 

acquisition of Meadowood SRMA. Manure from the horse operations was spread upon these 

open fields. Two ponds are located within the fields. The soils in the open fields consist of 

sandy, well-drained materials with high infiltration rates which reduce surface runoff from 

precipitation. In some areas, invasive or non-native plants, such as fescue and Chinese and 

Korean Lespedezas, are a problem because they have replaced native species and reduced 

wildlife habitat. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

30

Impacts 

There will be slight impacts from the Proposed Action upon the open field habitats. Impacts 

from the Proposed Action could include lower vegetation density and changes in plant 

composition, and accelerated erosion, and water quality impacts (i.e., increased organics, 

suspended sediments). 

The portions of the eastern open fields that would be converted to a WH&B facility will 

result in some loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat in the open fields. The vegetation 

consists primarily of dense, invasive fescue and other grasses. Impacts to vegetation will 

include loss or reduction of forage (i.e., vegetation) in the holding corrals and working areas. 

Wildlife in the immediate area consists predominantly of deer and birds. It is likely that the 

species using the area would move to adjacent open fields and co-exist with the facility. 

Impacts to open fields from the proposed trails and parking areas include reduction in 

vegetation, potential introduction of invasive plant species, and potential erosion. In 

addition, recreational flying activities in the western fields will impact other users, wildlife, 

and vegetation in the immediate area of use. 

Mitigation Measures 

BLM will employ a variety of methods to mitigate impacts from the Proposed Action in the 

open fields of Meadowood SRMA. Creation and management of native grasslands in open 

fields not used by horses will help to mitigate impacts from horse pastures. The conversion 

of at least 50 acres of historic hayfields to native grassland and the creation of forest edges 

within grassland windrows will improve the overall quality and diversity of vegetation and 

wildlife habitat in open fields. BLM has identified areas where we will initiate intense 

grassland management along with other activities identified within the plan. 

BLM will focus on the bobwhite quail and selected grassland songbirds as keystone species. 

Monitoring for these species’ increased presence and activities will be used as an indicator of 

the success of the vegetation conversion. Eastern Bluebirds and other edge species will also 

benefit from these conversions; however, species that require larger blocks of grasslands, 

such as some ground nesting bird species, may not benefit from these improvements. While 

the conversion of historic hayfields to native grasslands would temporarily disrupt some 

wildlife use patterns, once established, these native grasslands will provide improved habitat 

quality for many species of wildlife. 

In the interim before environmental documentation is completed for burning schedules, burn 

plans and seeding, 3-year intervals on mechanical treatment for open field maintenance 

would optimize diversity of wildlife habitat. At the same time, fire danger and the loss of the 

fields to ecological succession would be minimized. For visitor safety, Meadowood SRMA 

will be closed on days when prescribed burns occur. Burn efforts will be coordinated with 

local fire officials. 

Invasive plant control measures will be developed in coordination with the state and county 

to address site-specific and regional or state problems. In particular, Chinese and Korean 

Lespedezas and other invasive, shade-intolerant species along trails in clearings, including 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

31

the forest edges, will be managed through natural species conversion and invasive weed 

management plans. 

Impacts to forage in pastures and the resulting potential erosion or water quality impacts will 

be mitigated by closely monitoring pasture condition (forage types and density), seeding, 

fertilizing or liming pastures when indicated by soil testing. Cross-fencing pastures and 

rotating pasture use will be done in order to allow pastures to “rest” and grasses to grow. 

Some of the fields have sandy soils in with high infiltration rates, reducing potential surface 

water runoff from precipitation. In addition, portions of the existing horse pastures and 

eastern open fields drain into and through internal low spots that act as natural sediment 

ponds, allowing sediment carried by surface runoff to be deposited. 

The WH&B facility corrals and working areas will result in loss of vegetation in some of 

those areas; however, the pastures associated with the facility will be monitored closely and 

managed to limit overgrazing. Several native sparrow species would benefit from the change 

in habitat. BLM will implement native grassland treatments adjacent to the facility to 

mitigate impacts and increase diversity. 

Recreation: Social/Experiential Impacts 

Due to the variety of activities planned to occur at Meadowood SRMA and the relatively 

compact nature of the parcel, real and perceived conflicts may occur between different user 

groups. A conflict is defined as goal interference attributed to another’s behavior 

(Niccolucci, Watson, & Williams, 1994). Niccolucci et al. (1994) also indicate that conflict 

episodes are cumulative and have a foundation in previous events. Disruption of achieving 

recreational goals may result in a displacement of users or confrontation between users. 

Real and perceived conflicts between user groups may cause several problems, including but 

not limited to displacement of some users, a compromised recreational experience, 

confrontation between user groups, overcrowding, overuse – strain on and deterioration of 

the resource, reduced visitor safety, and potential accidents between user groups. 

Recreation Activity Impacts on Other Recreation Activities 

Multi-use trails may be one source of friction between user groups. For instance, bicyclists 

that do not follow appropriate speed limits and etiquette for passing from behind may startle 

pedestrians sharing trails with mountain bikers. This scenario could cause pedestrians to feel 

unsafe or to have a diminished recreational experience. Similarly, mountain bikers may feel 

frustrated with the slower pace at which pedestrians progress along the trails. Additionally, 

the equine waste on the trails may be a nuisance to pedestrians that are not used to sharing 

trails with horses. Control line flying in the field behind the visitor center on Belmont 

Boulevard will be within 50 feet of the Wood Thrush Trail, one day per week during the 

period from April 1 through June 30 of 2004 and 2005, and in the western parcel in the 

established flying circles (see Appendix A, Map 8) from July 1 through March 30 of 2004 

and 2005. After that, control line seasons will be set based on the results of the bird breeding 

surveys. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

32

Interactions between user groups may not be person-to-person like the examples provided 

above. For example, patrons watching wildlife on site may be disturbed by the loud voices 

of other visitors, or by the sound of the motors on the motorized hobby airplanes. 

An increase in user recreation activities such as control line flying, walking, and horseback 

riding will disrupt some wildlife activities or temporarily displace wildlife. Wherever visitor 

activities would cause more than temporary displacement (i.e., disruption of reproductive 

success of wildlife), seasonal, time of day, and/or use restrictions will be implemented. 

Non-Recreation Activity Impacts on Recreation Activities 

Non-recreation activities onsite may also impact recreational pursuits. For example, during 

special events and WH&B adoptions, the number of visitors coming to Meadowood SRMA 

will increase dramatically. During these events, parking is temporarily increased allowing 

many more people than normal to access the site simultaneously. This will result in greater 

noise and traffic congestion on Meadowood SRMA roads and parking areas as well as on 

public roads such as Gunston Road. Although these visitors are onsite for a specific event or 

reason, they may be inclined to explore the site to see what it has to offer, which will likely 

mean an increase in trail use, as well as increased activity in other areas. 

Proposed partnerships at Meadowood SRMA are not anticipated to have an impact on 

recreational visitors. The proposed partnerships would either occur in areas already in use by 

the private boarders, or in areas that are not currently open or planned for recreation activity. 

Boarding Operation Impacts on Recreation Activities 

The current concession contract for private equestrian boarding at Meadowood SRMA 

impacts public equestrian visitors, because the current contract allows only boarders to 

access the main barn and indoor and outdoor riding rings. This precludes public riders from 

accessing the existing indoor and outdoor rings for riding and training due to health and 

security issues. 

Illegal Activity Impacts on Recreation Activities 

Trespass and other illegal activities negatively affect legal visitors to Meadowood SRMA. 

Individuals trespassing create their own trails onto and throughout the SRMA by removing 

trees and trampling vegetation. This raises safety issues for the trespasser and the visitors, as 

these trails have not been authorized, designed, signed, and are not monitored and maintained 

creating the potential for visitors to inadvertently get lost or injured on these trails. Additionally, the illegal damage to trees and vegetation is visually unattractive and may lead to 

degradation of the resource. 

Vegetation Treatment Impacts on Recreation Activities 

In efforts to manage a healthy ecosystem at Meadowood SRMA, including wildlife habitat, 

various vegetation (native and invasive) management techniques will be implemented. 

Examples of these techniques include, but are not limited to, prescribed burning, chemical 

applications, bush hogging, or mowing. These treatments may have an impact on recreation 

activities in that smoke from prescribed burns, airborne particles from mowing, and direct 

contact with chemically treated vegetation may cause temporary physical irritation/ 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

33

discomfort that would affect a recreation experience onsite. Additionally, for health and 

safety reasons, areas being treated may be temporarily restricted or closed. Initially, these 

treatments will be tested on Meadowood SRMA’s western parcel and monitored for 

effectiveness and potential impacts. Treatment methods may be adjusted if necessary. 

Mitigating Measures 

In an effort to mitigate the potential impacts to participants in recreation activities, BLM will 

incorporate adaptive management principles in the long-term operation and management of 

Meadowood SRMA. Adaptive management is defined as the concept where information 

highly valuable for increasing management effectiveness can be obtained by carefully 

documenting management activities and results as well as relationships and trends in 

resource conditions (U.S. Forest Service, 2003). 

BLM will incorporate a series of mitigation measures that have been determined based on 

information gathered during public input processes and on the research and subject matter 

expertise of the planning team. These mitigation measures will include, but not be limited to: 

 1. Temporarily closing or restricting use of damaged trails. This information, along 

 with trail condition information, will be posted on the Meadowood SRMA Web 

 site and on a local telephone message established to provide visitors with 

 information before arriving onsite. 

2. Monitoring trail conditions, and surveying trail users about their satisfaction with 

 the trails. If trends show dissatisfaction with trail conditions, remedial actions will 

 be taken. 

3. Limiting control line flying to reduce the potential for visitors to be disturbed by 

 noise from control line flying. 

 4. Monitoring the capacity (carrying capacity) benchmarks outlined below. 

Carrying Capacities 

Capacity (carrying capacity) is defined as the maximum number of users that can pass 

through a given area (e.g., trail) during a given time period under existing trail conditions; it 

also refers to the amount of use a given resource can sustain before an irreversible 

deterioration in the quality of the resource begins to occur (American Trails, 2003). 

These carrying capacity benchmarks have been established as a guide to comparing use 

levels with impacts in order to protect Meadowood SRMA’s natural resources, provide a 

quality recreation experience, and address public safety. The capacity numbers and ranges 

were derived through the collective professional judgment of the planning team, and are 

based on the data regarding the current conditions, including infrastructure limitations. They 

will be adjusted based on monitoring resource conditions and visitor satisfaction. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

34

Trails-Non-Motorized Passenger Vehicles 

An initial carrying capacity of 3-4 non-motorized passenger vehicles (i.e., mountain bikes) 

per mile of trail will be established during normal trail conditions in order to protect the 

resources and provide a safe, quality recreation experience. The range of acceptable use may 

be adjusted over time based on monitoring, analysis and adaptive management decisions. 

Indicators for monitoring will include, but not be limited to, trail widening, soil erosion and 

compaction, vegetation damage, and rutting. 

Trails-Pedestrians 

An initial carrying capacity of 12-15 pedestrians per mile of trail will be established during 

normal trail conditions in order to protect the resources and provide a safe, quality recreation 

experience. This range of acceptable use may be adjusted over time based on monitoring, 

analysis, and adaptive management. 

Application of appropriate trail design, including consideration of location, slope, drainage, 

and maintenance, will allow BLM to develop and implement trails that are enjoyable to use 

and straightforward to monitor and maintain. 

Trails-Equestrian 

An initial carrying capacity of 3-5 equestrians per mile of trail will be established during 

normal trail conditions in order to protect the resources and provide a safe, quality recreation 

experience. This range of acceptable use may be adjusted over time based on monitoring, 

analysis and adaptive management. 

These numbers are estimates for analysis purposes only. Monitoring and adaptive 

management will assess use over time to respond to on-the-ground conditions. Management 

may change as a result. 

Fishing (at the Pond adjacent the Contact Station & Wood Thrush Trail): 

Accessible: The construction of the new fishing pier/observation deck will be 

designed for at least three (3) individuals using a wheelchair or mobility device to fish 

at one time. 

Pier: Up to four (4) individuals will be able to fish from the pier at the same time. 

Shoreline: Between 6-10 individuals will be allowed to fish along the shoreline. 

Total capacity on the deck, regardless of activity (fishing or not) will not exceed 

12-15 people. Total capacity fishing on the deck would be 15 people. 

Control Line Flying 

Carrying capacity will be determined by the parking available at the site in established 

parking areas and along the access road. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

35

Recreation Impacts: Environmental 

Soil erosion may diminish recreational experiences because of trail rutting. Damaged trails 

require time and effort to return to a safe and viable condition for use. This will require 

BLM to close or limit access to areas while they are being rehabilitated. Closures and 

limitations may result in increased usage on other Meadowood SRMA trails, or may cause 

some visitors to be displaced and go elsewhere for recreation opportunities. 

Soil displacement and erosion may cause sediment to increase in the streams and creeks on 

site, which may lead to disruption of the watershed impacts to water quality which could lead 

to compromised wildlife habitat and water sources. 

Increased activity throughout the Meadowood SRMA has the potential to disturb wildlife 

onsite. Prolonged disturbance may cause temporary or permanent displacement of wildlife 

which could impact visitors interested in viewing wildlife in their natural habitat. 

Unauthorized uses onsite, such as accessing unauthorized areas, may lead to vegetation 

trampling. 

Breeding migratory birds in the control line flying area may be impacted by the noise of 

model airplane motors. To study this problem more fully, the BLM is contracting to have a 

breeding bird study conducted by an independent research organization during the 2004 and 

2005 breeding seasons in the area of the flying circles in the West Meadow. The results will 

determine: 

1) Whether flying or other activities can be done in the West Meadow area during the 

period of April 1 to July 1 of each year without impacting breeding activities of 

migratory species; and 

2) Whether any use may be made of these fields during the 2005 breeding season from 

April 1 to July 1 (based on 2004 data). 

A temporary flying site to be used one day each week during the bird breeding survey is 

located in the field behind the Belmont Boulevard Environmental Education (EE) Center. 

This location has active visitor use. The Wood Thrush Trail is located 50 feet from the 

temporary flying circle. There are ongoing maintenance activities at the EE Center using 

motorized equipment, so control line flying during the spring months from April 1 through 

June 30 of 2004 and 2005 will not introduce additional impacts to the site. 

Mitigating Measures 

Appropriate application of trail design, monitoring, and maintenance techniques is expected 

to keep trails viable and enjoyable for visitors. 

In an effort to reduce the environmental impacts, which include disturbance of wildlife and 

recreational activities, management will employ a variety of techniques, including but not 

limited to temporary and seasonal trail closures. BLM will implement a communications 

system which will inform visitors of changes to access and site conditions (e.g., trails are 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

36

snow packed and icy in shaded areas). Trail closures or restrictions will be clearly posted at 

trailheads and will be available on a recorded telephone message that will be updated on a 

daily basis. 

Impacts to Boarders 

The Proposed Action allows private boarding operations to continue at Meadowood SRMA. 

This will provide benefits to the northern Virginia horse-owning community by increasing 

boarding opportunities in a highly urbanized area with scarce boarding opportunities. The 

total number of private horses will be reduced to allow room for Partner and BLM horses; 

however, BLM will minimize potential impacts to individual boarders by reducing the 

number of boarders by attrition, as boarders move their horses from Meadowood SRMA on 

their own, to the extent practicable. 

Private boarders will benefit from the enhanced security due to the presence of BLM Partners 

at the facility. Private boarders may be impacted when BLM Partners use the indoor or 

outdoor arenas for training and riding. BLM will work with its partners to schedule times 

when the partners will have sole use of portions of the facilities. Efforts will be made to 

reduce conflicts over use of the facilities. For example, Federal training may take place 

during early morning hours and weekdays when few boarders use the facilities. In the event 

of conflicts, BLM will be the ultimate decision maker. 

Impacts to BLM Equestrian Partners 

BLM Partners will benefit from the Proposed Action in many ways. Access to stabling, 

pastures, and the indoor riding facility will provide the Partners and their horses with better 

facilities than currently available. Partners will be able to use the indoor riding arena for 

training and programs during inclement weather, when they would otherwise reschedule or 

postpone activities. For example, the U.S. Army Caisson Platoon does not have an indoor 

facility to train new soldiers. There is also inadequate pasture for the U.S. Army horses at 

Ft. Meyer. Meadowood SRMA will provide a healthier environment for Partner horses as 

well as a safer facility for year-round training and programs. 

Access to Meadowood SRMA facilities under the Proposed Action would greatly enhance 

the scope and capability of the regional therapeutic riding program. The program has been 

hampered from providing year-round services and expanding to meet high demand due to the 

high land values and scarcity of appropriate facilities in the county. There are currently 

75-80 disabled clients riding in the program; however, the program is unable to operate yearround or meet the current demand for services. Approximately 40-50 accepted clients with 

disabilities (i.e., physical, cognitive, and emotional) remain on a waiting list because the 

program has been unable to expand. The 1-2-year wait for space in the program discourages 

many potential clients from even applying. The Proposed Action would provide facilities for 

year-round work with clients with disabilities, opportunity for expansion, and adequate 

pasture and stalls. The Proposed Action benefits the public by providing the therapeutic 

riding program with the resources (i.e., stabling, pasture, and indoor arena) to work with a 

much greater number of disabled clients. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

37

Impacts of Proposed Action to Equestrians 

The Proposed Action will benefit area and regional horseback riders by expanding 

recreational opportunities for equestrian activities. In particular, the addition of miles of 

horseback riding trails at Meadowood SRMA offsets, to some degree, the increasing closure 

of riding opportunities throughout the region due to development and population growth. 

Both local equestrians as well as equestrians who trailer their horses to Meadowood SRMA 

will be able to ride in a safe and scenic environment at Meadowood SRMA. Providing 

public equestrian access to the trails increases the potential to develop a large, interconnected 

trail system between State, Federal and regional/county public properties at Mason Neck and 

compliments the Fairfax County multi-use trail along Gunston Road. 

Availability of Meadowood SRMA equestrian facilities will increase local avenues for 

educational and training clinics and events. This would benefit educational and non-profit 

equestrian activities such as 4-H and therapeutic riding. In addition, the trails could be used 

for competitive trail rides and possibly horse driving. While large horse shows and events 

would not occur at Meadowood SRMA, the Proposed Action would increase opportunities in 

the Region for smaller, educational equestrian activities (e.g., 4-H, therapeutic riding clinics). 

Visual Resources 

Meadowood SRMA is managed as a Visual Resource Management (VRM) Class III area. 

The BLM objective for VRM Class III areas is to partially retain the existing character of the 

landscape. The level of change to the characteristic landscape should be moderate. 

Management activities may attract attention but should not dominate the view of the casual 

observer. Changes should repeat the basic elements found in the predominantly natural 

features of the characteristic landscape. 

The Meadowood SRMA property is one of the few remaining rural and natural landscapes 

within Fairfax County. The horse pastures and former hay fields reflect the rich agricultural 

heritage, extending back several hundred years, of the northern Virginia region. Local 

residents and many of the visitors who travel down this road to visit the Federal, State, and 

regional properties on the Peninsula treasure the viewshed of Meadowood SRMA along 

Gunston Road and Harley Road. Numerous comments from both local and non-local 

members of the public advocated preserving the open fields, horse pastures, and forest edges 

as part of an increasingly rare rural viewshed in the region. 

Under the Proposed Action, BLM will maintain the viewshed at Meadowood SRMA. The 

views of open fields and horse pasture along Gunston Road and Harley Road will remain. 

The horse pastures and open fields will be maintained by fertilizing, seeding, pasture 

rotation, mowing, or otherwise cutting grasses as needed in order to maintain the visual 

openness and reduce weeds. There will be some modification of existing fencing of the 

horse pastures; however, visual aspects will be minimized by using similar fencing materials 

(wood panels). The WH&B facility and additional horse facilities will be constructed to 

reduce impacts from Gunston Road. Any additional horse pastures and facilities will be 

located and constructed to complement the existing facilities. A public parking area, located 

at the trail kiosk next to Harley Road, will be constructed to look as natural as possible, 

surfaced with gravel or pavers to maintain a natural surface. The views of Meadowood 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

38

SRMA along Belmont Boulevard and Old Colchester Road, which consist primarily of 

forest, will remain much the same. The open fields located near the EE and Interpretive 

Center and in the western parcel may be allowed to grow up through natural succession, in 

part; however, the overall experience and aspect of Meadowood SRMA will continue to be 

that of a natural, rural setting. 

Cumulative Impacts 

Cumulative impacts are the results of incremental impacts of the Proposed Action added to 

other past, present, or reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency 

(Federal or non-federal) or person undertakes the actions. 

For the property at Meadowood, potential cumulative impacts would be limited to BLM’s 

activities combined with other local actions. Examples of other local actions would be real 

estate developments and other recreational activities with environmental impacts. The IAMP 

authorizes the gradual development of several recreational and environmental education 

programs at Meadowood SRMA. These programs will attract visitors to Meadowood SRMA 

who are engaged in a variety of outdoor recreation pursuits (as discussed above). 

BLM estimates that fewer than 100 people will visit the property during weekdays and up to 

250 people will visit on weekends and holidays in the spring, summer, and fall. A smaller 

number of visitors will use the trails in the winter. Some of the visitors will walk to the 

property from the adjacent neighborhood, while the majority of people are expected to drive 

to the SRMA. 

BLM plans to have several small adoption events throughout the year. These events will 

attract 100-250 people per day for up to 3 days. Gunston Road and Old Colchester Road 

would experience higher than normal traffic on these days. 

Daily visitor use to Meadowood SRMA would not have noticeable impacts on traffic 

numbers, types, or patterns. During adoption events, however, both the number and types of 

vehicles and traffic patterns could be affected. Vehicles turning into or exiting Meadowood 

SRMA could adversely affect traffic patterns. Types of vehicles could include semi-trucks 

delivering livestock for the adoption, and adopters driving pick-up trucks with horse trailers. 

These vehicles could affect traffic flow because they require a wider turning radius and 

would be slower when starting from a stop. These impacts would be greatest at the 

beginning and end of the adoption event. 

Mitigation 

To minimize the impacts of the increased traffic, the BLM would work with local authorities 

and the Virginia Department of Transportation to manage traffic on local roads during 

adoption events (Meadowood Farm PA/EA, November 2002). BLM will actively maintain 

trails to reduce erosion, rebuild stream crossings and drainage features to meet BMPs, and 

reduce soil loss and protect water quality. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

39

Environmental Consequences of the No Action Alternative 

Under the No Action Alternative, BLM would allow a lower level of use under the 

provisions of the Meadowood Farm PA/EA, approved on March 25, 2003. Certain activities, 

such as more intensive recreational use, trail development, interpretation, reintroduction of 

native grasslands and other vegetation manipulation projects, and the environmental 

education program, would not occur. Impacts would be confined to lost opportunities. 

Given the increased demand for outdoor recreational facilities on Mason Neck and 

surrounding areas, some demand would not be met. Existing facilities may experience 

higher than expected use levels which may exceed their limits and would constitute a 

cumulative impact as well. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

40

List of Preparers 

A team of specialists from the Fairfax County Government, BLM-Eastern States State 

Office, BLM-Eastern States Jackson Field Office, BLM-Eastern States Milwaukee Field 

Office, and the National Science and Technology Center prepared the Meadowood SRMA 

Integrated Activity Management Plan/Environmental Assessment. Team members are: 

Marcella Davis, Program and Environmental Educational Specialist. Environmental 

education program. 

Troy Ferone, Cultural Resource Program Leader. Cultural Resource related sections. 

Jinx Fox, Wild Horse and Burro Program and Equestrian Expert. Wild Horse and Burro and 

Equestrian related sections. 

Vicki Josupait, Recreation Planner, BLM-National Science and Technology Center. 

Recreation section and incorporation of public comments in this area. 

Howard Levine, Planning and Environmental Coordinator, BLM-Eastern States. Preparation 

of environmental assessment. 

Jeff McCusker, Outdoor Recreation Planner, Lower Potomac Field Station. Overall 

document editing. 

Ed Ruda, Lands Program Leader, Meadowood Integrated Activity Management Plan Team 

Lead. 

Bob Schoolar, Geographic Information Specialist. Map production. 

Geoffrey Walsh, Wildlife Management Biologist. Wildlife Habitat, Threatened and 

Endangered Species, and Exotic Invasive Species. 

Willie Woode, Conservation Specialist, Northern Virginia Soil and Water Conservation 

District. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

41

References 

American Trails. 2003. Trails, greenway, & outdoor recreation terms. In Glossary of terms 

[On-line]. Available: http://www.americantrails.org/glossary.html

Fairfax County Environmental Quality Advisory Council, 2003. Annual Report on the 

Environment. Available: http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/gov/eqac/report/ 

Davis, J.G., and Swinkler A.M. 2002. Colorado State University Extension Service Online 

Fact Sheets: Horse Manure Management. Available: 

http://www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/LIVESTK/publive.html

Niccolucci, M.J., Watson, A.E., Williams, D.R. 1994. The nature of conflict between hikers 

and recreational stock users in the John Muir Wilderness. Journal of Leisure 

Research, Vol. 26, No. 4, 372-285. 

Tu, M., Hurd, C., and Randall, J.M., 2001, Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tools and 

Techniques for Use in Natural Areas. Available: 

http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/handbook.html 

U.S. Forest Service. 2003. Adaptive management: Adaptive management strategy. 

 In Sierra Nevada forest plan amendment [On-line]. Available: 

http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/snfpa/am/ 
GLOSSARY 

(Including Acronyms and Abbreviations) 

Activity Development Plan. A site-specific 

plan depicting potential management scenarios 

of one or more resources, e.g., allotment 

management plan or habitat management plan. 

Area of Critical Environmental Concern 

(ACEC). An area within the public lands where 

special management attention is required to 

protect and prevent irreparable damage to 

important historic, cultural, or scenic values, fish 

and wildlife resources or other natural systems 

or processes, or to protect life and safety from 

natural hazards. 

Closed. Designated areas, routes, roads and 

trails where the use of OHVs is permanently or 

temporarily prohibited. Use by emergency 

vehicles and beach maintenance vehicles is 

allowed. 

Cultural Resource. The fragile and 

nonrenewable remains of human activity, 

occupation, or endeavor reflected in districts, 

sites, structures, buildings, objects, artifacts, 

ruins, works of art, architecture, and natural 

features that were of importance in human 

events. These resources consist of (1) physical 

remains, (2) areas where significant human 

events occurred even though evidence of the 

event no longer remains, and (3) the 

environment immediately surrounding the 

resource. 

Cumulative Impacts. Cumulative Impacts on 

the environment result from incremental impacts 

of the action when added to other past, present 

and reasonably foreseeable future actions 

regardless of what agency (Federal or nonfederal) or person undertakes such other actions. 

Cumulative impacts can result from individually 

minor but collectively significant actions taking 

place over a period of time. 

Day Use Only. Meadowood SRMA would be 

open to the public daily from sunrise to sunset, 

including weekends. Call the Meadowood 

SRMA management office for specific hours of 

operation, and for information regarding use and 

access on Federal holidays. Exceptions 

would/may be granted to individuals or 

organizations attending BLM authorized events 

and to allow access to the stables/pastures to 

care for equines that reside at Meadowood 

SRMA. 

Direct Impacts. Direct impacts are caused by 

the action and occur at the same time and place. 

Endangered Species. Any species formally 

recognized by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service as in danger of extinction throughout all 

or a significant portion of its range. 

Environmental Assessment (EA). An analysis 

of environmental impacts of federally permitted 

or authorized actions. EAs are prepared in 

accordance with the National Environmental 

Policy Act of 1969. 

Erosion. The loss of soil caused by water or 

wind (“A Strategic Plan,” 1995).

Flooding. The temporary covering of the soil 

surface by water from any source. Shallow 

water standing during or shortly following rain 

is excluded from the definition of flooding. 

Marshes and swamps are excluded from the 

definition of flooding because water is more 

than a temporary covering. 

Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 

1976 (FLPMA). Public Law 94-579, gives the 

BLM legal authority to establish public land 

policy, to establish guidelines for administering 

such policy, and to provide for the management, 

protection, development, and enhancement of 

public land. 

Forest Land. Land carrying forest growth, or if 

totally lacking, bearing evidence of former forest 

which contains 10 percent or more crown cover. 

Habitat. A specific set of physical conditions 

that surround a single species, a group of 

species, or a large community. In wildlife 

management, the major components of habitat 

are considered to be food, water, cover, and 

living space. 
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G-2 

Historic Property. Sites of human activity, an 

object, a building, or a prehistoric or historic 

district included on, or eligible for inclusion on 

the National Register of Historic Places. A site 

that potentially meets the criteria for inclusion 

on the National Register of Historic Places is 

treated as illegible until further scientific 

investigations are completed. 

Interdisciplinary. Characterized by interactive 

participation or cooperation of two or more 

disciplines or fields of study. 

Mitigating Measure. A management practice 

which is used or implemented to avoid or 

minimize environmental harm or improve 

existing environmental conditions.

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 

of 1969. Public Law 91-190, established 

environmental policy for the Nation. Among 

other items, NEPA requires Federal agencies to 

consider environmental values in decisionmaking processes. 

National Register of Historic Places. A 

register of districts, sites, buildings, structures, 

and objects, significant in American history, 

architecture, archaeology, and culture, 

established by the National Historic Preservation 

Act of 1966 and maintained by the Secretary of 

the Interior. 

Neotropical Migratory Bird. Birds that breed 

in temperate areas of the U.S. and Canada and 

migrate south to winter in the Carribean, 

Mexico, Central or South America; includes 

many of the songbirds. 

Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV). This term 

replaces "off-road vehicle (ORV)," and means 

any motorized vehicle capable of or designed for 

travel on or immediately over land, water, or 

other natural terrain. 

Open. Designated areas, routes, roads, and 

trails where unrestricted OHV use may occur 

(subject to operating regulations and vehicle 

standards set forth in BLM Manuals 8341 and 

8343). 

Planning Analysis (PA). A document that 

reviews options for the management of BLMadministered lands and minerals. 

Public Domain. Public lands which were 

originally (that is upon the admittance of a state 

to the United States) owned by the Federal 

Government and have since that time remained 

in continuous federal ownership. 

Reasonable Foreseeable Development (RFD). 

A description of anticipated future development 

of minerals or other resources, used as a basis 

for assessing the environmental impacts of 

Resource Management Plan decisions. 

Riparian. Situated on or pertaining to the bank 

of a river, stream, or other body of water. 

Normally used to refer to the plants of all types 

that grow rooted in the water table of streams, 

ponds, and springs. 

Riparian Area. Riparian areas are a form of 

wetland transition between permanently 

saturated wetlands and upland areas. These 

areas exhibit vegetation or physical characteristics reflective of permanent surface or 

subsurface water influence. Excluded are such 

sites as ephemeral streams or washes that do not 

exhibit the presence of vegetation dependent 

upon free water in the soil. 

Silviculture. The art, science, and practice of 

establishing, tending, and reproducing forest 

stands of desired characteristics.

Special Recreation Management Area 

(SRMA). An area where special management or 

intensive recreation management is needed. 

Recreation activity plans are required, and 

greater managerial investment in facilities or 

supervision can be anticipated. 

Special-Status Species. Wildlife and plant 

species either federally-listed or proposed for 

listing as endangered or threatened, state-listed, 

BLM-determined priority species, or listed by 

the State Heritage organization. 
Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/EA June 2004 

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

G-3 

Threatened Species. Any species formally 

recognized by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service as likely to become an endangered 

species within the foreseeable future throughout 

all or a significant portion of its range. 

Wetlands. Areas that are inundated or saturated 

by surface or ground water at a frequency and 

duration sufficient to support, and that under 

normal circumstances do support, a prevalence 

of vegetation typically adapted for life in 

saturated soil conditions. 

Wild Horses and Burros (WH&B). The 

definition of wild horses and burros is taken 

from Federal Regulations, which state, “wild 

horses and burros means all unbranded and 

unclaimed horses and burros that use public 

lands as all or part of their habitat, that have 

been removed from these lands by the 

authorized officer, or that have been born of 

wild horses or burros in authorized BLM 

facilities, but have not lost their status under 

section 3 of the Act. Foals born to a wild horse 

or burro after approval of a Private Maintenance 

and Care Agreement are not wild horses or 

burros. Such foals are the property of the 

adopter of the parent mare or jenny. Where 

it appears in this part the term wild horses 

and burros is deemed to include the term 

free-roaming (43 CFR 4700.0-5 (l)).” 

Woodland. Forest land on which trees are 

present but form only an open canopy, the 

intervening areas being occupied by lower 

vegetation. Forest lands which produce or are 

capable of producing no more than 20 cubic feet 

per acre per year of commercially important tree 

species.
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G-4 

Acronyms and Abbreviations 

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 

AMA Academy of Model Aeronautics 

ARPA Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 

BLM Bureau of Land Management 

BMP Best Management Practice 

CBPA Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act of 1988 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

COE Army Corps of Engineers 

CRMP Cultural Resource Management Plan 

DGIF Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries 

DHR Department of Historic Resources 

DOI Department of the Interior 

EE Environmental Education 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

ES Eastern States 

EO Executive Order 

FLPMA Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 

LAC Limits of Acceptable Change 

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 

NHPO National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 

NRHP National Register of Historic Places 

NVRPA Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority 

OHV Off Highway Vehicle 

PA/EA Planning Analysis/Environmental Assessment 

RMA Resource Management Area 

RPA Resource Protection Area 

SHPO State Historic Preservation Office 

SRP Special Recreation Permit 

SRMA Special Recreation Management Area 

USDA United States Department of Agriculture 

USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service 

VDOT Virginia Department of Transportation 

WH&B Wild Horse and Burro 
Appendix A 

Maps