[Cite as In re Forfeiture of Property of Rhodes, 2013-Ohio-3046.]

 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO 

IN RE: FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY : 

OF BROOKES C. RHODES, et al. 

 : C.A. CASE NO. 25464 

 : T.C. NO. 12CV3732 

 : (Civil appeal from 

 Common Pleas Court) 

 : 

 : 

 . . . . . . . . . . 

O P I N I O N

Rendered on the 12th day of July , 2013. 

 . . . . . . . . . . 

LAURA G. MARIANI, Atty. Reg. No. 0063204, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, 301 W. 

Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422 

Attorney for Appellee State of Ohio 

JIMMIE CHRISTON, Atty. Reg. No. 0038116, 131 N. Ludlow Street, Suite 212, Dayton, 

Ohio 45402 

Attorney for Appellant Diana L. Ankeny 

. . . . . . . . . . 

DONOVAN, J. 
[Cite as In re Forfeiture of Property of Rhodes, 2013-Ohio-3046.]

{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Diana Ankeny appeals a decision of the Montgomery 

County Court of Common Pleas which granted default judgment against her on a civil 

petition to forfeit property pursuant to R.C. 2981.05. The civil forfeiture petition was filed 

by the State of Ohio on May 22, 2012, against Ankeny and six others. The specific property 

that was forfeited by Ankeny was a 2000 Jaguar sedan titled in her name but seized from 

defendant Brookes Rhodes. The State made two attempts at certified service of the 

forfeiture petition on Ankeny on May 22, 2012, and July 13, 2012. Both attempts at 

certified service were unsuccessful. The record establishes, however, that Ankeny was 

successfully served with the petition by regular mail on August 24, 2012. Ankeny failed to 

file any responsive pleadings challenging the forfeiture petition, and the trial court granted 

default judgment against her on October 11, 2012. Ankeny filed a timely notice of appeal 

with this Court on November 9, 2012. 

{¶ 2} Ankeny’s sole assignment of error is as follows: 

{¶ 3} “APPELLANT’S COUNSEL WAS INEFFECTIVE WHEN HE FAILED 

TO PROPERLY REPRESENT SAID APPELLANT IN THE INSTANT MATTER, BY 

FAILING TO NOTIFY APPELLANT OF HEARINGS, AND FAILING TO FILE THE 

APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTS IN THIS QUASI-CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS.” 

{¶ 4} In her sole assignment, Ankeny contends that she was denied effective 

assistance of counsel when her retained attorney failed to file an answer to the State’s 

forfeiture petition, resulting in a default judgment against her and the forfeiture of her 

automobile. 

{¶ 5} Initially, we note that Ankeny asserts that on May 24, 2012, two days after 

the State filed the petition for forfeiture of the Jaguar sedan, she and Rhodes retained the 
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services of Attorney John Scaccia to represent her in the underlying proceedings. In support 

of her assertion, Ankeny attached a copy of an employment and fee agreement in an apparent 

effort to establish that her retained counsel was ineffective because he failed to file any 

responsive pleadings on her behalf. We note that the purported fee agreement is not part of 

the trial court’s record. This Court cannot consider affidavits and other matters attached for 

the first time to an appellate brief which were not properly certified as part of the trial court’s 

original record and submitted to the court of appeals. Matter of Hill, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 

96-CA-8, 1996 WL 629539 (November 1, 1996), citing Isbell v. Kaiser Foundation Health 

Plan, 85 Ohio App. 3d. 313, 318, 619 N.E.2d 1055, 1058 (8th Dist.1993); App. R. 9(A). 

Thus, we cannot consider the purported fee agreement attached to Ankeny’s brief for any 

purpose.

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{¶ 6} In Ohio, forfeitures are typically not favored in law or in equity. State v. 

Lilliock, 70 Ohio St.2d 23, 25, 434 N.E.2d 723 (1982). Whenever possible, such statutes 

must be construed as to avoid forfeiture of property. Id. at 26. The Supreme Court of Ohio 

has cautioned that forfeiture may not be ordered “unless the expression of the law is clear 

and the intent of the legislature manifest.” Id.; see Dayton v. Boddie, 19 Ohio App.3d 210, 

484 N.E.2d 171 (2d Dist.1984). 

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We also note that the trial court record does not contain a notice of 

appearance by Attorney Scaccia on Ankeny’s behalf. 

{¶ 7} The civil forfeiture proceedings in this case are governed by R.C. Chapter 

2981, effective July 1, 2007. See 2006 Sub.H.B. No. 241. Generally, the new chapter unified 

and expanded former specific forfeiture provisions. Katz, Martin, Lipton and Crocker, 
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Baldwin's Ohio Prac.Crim. L., Section 129:1 (2011). The legislature sought to balance 

punitive and remedial policies with the imperative of limiting the state's exercise of police 

power in derogation of private property rights. Id. at Section 129:2. See also R.C. 

2981.01(A)(1)-(4). 

{¶ 8} The new chapter authorizes the state to obtain a forfeiture order in a criminal 

proceeding, described in R.C. 2981.04, or in a separate civil forfeiture proceeding, described 

in R.C.2981.05. To that end, R.C. 2981.05(A) allows a prosecutor to file a civil complaint 

requesting the forfeiture of property that is located within the jurisdiction of the prosecutor's 

political subdivision and that is alleged to be connected to an offense as contraband, 

proceeds, or an instrumentality, as defined in R.C. 2981.02. The state or political subdivision 

acquires provisional title to property subject to forfeiture upon the commission of the 

offense. R.C. 2981.03. This case involves property alleged to be “[a]n instrumentality that 

is used in or intended to be used in the commission *** of [a] felony.” R.C. 

2981.02(A)(3)(a). 

{¶ 9} In a civil forfeiture proceeding brought under R.C. 2981.05, the prosecutor 

must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the property is subject to forfeiture 

because the property meets the definition of contraband, proceeds, or an instrumentality. See 

R.C. 2981.05(D). The trial court shall issue a civil forfeiture order if the court determines 

that the prosecutor has met his burden under the statute and a finding is made, when 

required, that forfeiture is not disproportionate to the severity of the offense. Id.

{¶ 10} The forfeiture statutes provide procedures for a person with an interest in 

the property subject to forfeiture to petition for release of the property at various times 
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during the civil forfeiture proceedings. See R.C. 2981.05(C) and R.C. 2981.03. And the 

prosecutor is required to attempt to identify any person with an interest in the property 

subject to forfeiture before or upon filing the civil action and to serve such individuals with 

notice of the action and the complaint. R.C. 2981.05(B). The prosecutor must also publish 

a notice of the action as provided by statute. R.C. 2981.05(B).

{¶ 11} A criminal proceeding and a forfeiture proceeding are separate and distinct 

events. R.C. 2981.04(B); State v. Watkins, 7th Dist. Jefferson No. 07 JE 54, 

2008-Ohio-6634. A forfeiture action, while instituted as a criminal penalty, is a civil 

proceeding. Id. at ¶ 31. It is a well-settled legal principle that there is no right to counsel in 

a civil action. “Intermediate appellate courts, including our own, *** have found no 

constitutional right to representation in cases involving civil litigants.” Cincinnati Ins. Co. v. 

Schaub, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 22419, 2008-Ohio-4729, at ¶ 20. We note that the 

Eleventh District Court of Appeals has held that there is no right to counsel in forfeiture 

cases, whether they be criminal or civil in nature. State v. Meeks, 11th Dist. Lake No. 

2011-L-066, 2012-Ohio-4098.2

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It is also important to note that the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals has 

“unequivocally held *** that there is no Sixth Amendment right to counsel in a 

civil forfeiture proceeding.” U.S. v. Real Property Known and Numbered as 415 

East Mitchell Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio, 149 F.3d 472 (6th Cir.1998). 

Obviously, when a criminal defendant is subject to a forfeiture proceeding 

under R.C. 2981.04, the sole possible sanction is the state's confiscation of 

property or contraband. In other words, a forfeiture proceeding cannot result 

in the imposition of an additional term of actual incarceration. Thus, the 
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foregoing case law dictates that, even though the forfeiture hearing in the 

underlying action was criminal in nature, appellant was not constitutionally 

entitled to be represented by an attorney during that aspect of her criminal 

prosecution. 

Id. at ¶ 51. 

{¶ 12} Accordingly, when a defendant does not have a constitutional right to 

counsel for purposes of a forfeiture hearing, the defendant has no separate constitutional 

right to effective assistance of counsel. Wainwright v. Torna, 455 U.S. 586, 587-588, 102 

S.Ct. 1300, 71 L.Ed.2d 475 (1982). “The logical foundation for this holding is that there 

can be no separate constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel when the basic right 

to counsel has not attached.” Meeks, 2012-Ohio-4098, at ¶ 52. 

{¶ 13} In the instant case, Ankeny was named in a petition for civil forfeiture filed 

by the State. It follows, therefore, that Ankeny cannot now assert ineffective assistance of 

counsel when she had no constitutional right to counsel in the first place. We note that 

Ankeny was not accused of any crime as a result of being named in the forfeiture petition. 

Ankeny was named in the forfeiture petition only because she was the titled owner of the 

vehicle allegedly used by Rhodes to commit drug related offenses. Ankeny was named in 

the petition as the titled owner with an interest in the seized property, and this status does not 

create a right to counsel in a civil forfeiture. 

{¶ 14} Upon review, we conclude that the trial court did not err when it granted 

default judgment against Ankeny upon her failure to file a responsive pleading to the civil 

forfeiture petition filed by the State. Additionally, because she was named in a civil 
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forfeiture petition, Ankeny had no constitutional right to counsel. Thus, she cannot argue 

that she received ineffective assistance of counsel. Civil relief may be available through an 

action for malpractice, if in fact counsel accepted a retainer; however, Ankeny’s failure to 

plead or otherwise defend against the forfeiture requires an affirmance of the order of 

forfeiture. 

{¶ 15} Ankeny’s sole assignment of error is overruled. 

{¶ 16} Ankeny’s sole assignment of error having been overruled, the judgment of 

the trial court is affirmed. 

 . . . . . . . . . . 

FROELICH, J. and WELBAUM, J., concur. 

Copies mailed to: 

Laura G. Mariani 

Jimmie Christon 

Hon. Dennis J. Langer