From: "Love, B. (Brian)" <Brian.Love@akzonobel.com> 

To: Elizabeth Sabol <Elizabeth.Sabol@erg.com> 

Date: 8/16/2011 10:13 AM 

Subject: RE: Carbon Disulfide - Follow Up 

Elizabeth: If I am not mistaken the reported solubility value of 0.2% would represent 2000 ppmv. We have seen the opposite conclusion, the CS2 

is very volatile and quickly moves from the water to the air. I spoke with one of our chemists and he remembers having difficulty trying to 

achieve the reported solubility value due to volatilization of the free CS2 into the vapor space, and dissolved levels were quickly dropping. 

I find the 17 mg/l value that you mention after aeration and biological treatment very inconsistent with our experience. Looking at analytical 

values from the discharge points of our wastewater treatment system (aeration/neutralization only), the concentrations were normally much less 

than 1mg/l with an overall removal in excess of 99%. 

Best Regards, 

Brian Love 

Principal Environmental Engineer 

Global Environmental Affairs Group, HSE Governance 

T +1 770 246 4627 

F +1 770 441 2962 

M +1 

E brian.love@akzonobel.com<mailto:name.surname@akzonobel.com> 

AkzoNobel 

3587 Parkway Lane 

Norcross, GA 30092 

www.akzonobel.com<http://www.akzonobel.com/> 

Follow AkzoNobel online at www.akzonobel.com/followus<http://www.akzonobel.com/followus> 

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From: Elizabeth Sabol [mailto:Elizabeth.Sabol@erg.com] 

Sent: Monday, August 15, 2011 8:18 AM 

To: Love, B. (Brian) 

Cc: Alicea.Jezebele@epa.gov; Eleanor Codding 

Subject: Carbon Disulfide - Follow Up 

Brian, 

Thank you for your information so far regarding the chemical and physical properties of carbon disulfide. Below, I've included some background 

information and a follow-up question we have for you regarding carbon disulfide. 

From the carbon disulfide air emission and water discharge data we have for several facilities, it appears that more than the estimated amount of 

carbon disulfide (with a solubility of 0.2%) is not volatilizing, but is staying in the water. For example, one facility retained a maximum 

concentration of 17.1 mg/L of carbon disulfide after biological treatment through an aeration basin and final clarification. Have you ever studied 

or do you have any data on whether carbon disulfide follows ideal gas or solubility laws? 

Thank you in advance for your time, 

Elizabeth 

Elizabeth A. Sabol 

Environmental Engineer 

Eastern Research Group, Inc. 

14555 Avion Parkway, Suite 200 

Chantilly, VA 20151 

elizabeth.sabol@erg.com<mailto:elizabeth.sabol@erg.com> 

Phone:703-633-1659 

From: "Love, B. (Brian)" <Brian.Love@akzonobel.com> 

To: "elizabeth.sabol@erg.com" <elizabeth.sabol@erg.com> 

CC: "Bisinger, E.C. (Edwin)" <Edwin.Bisinger@akzonobel.com>, "Scott, K(Kathy)" <Kathy.Scott@AkzoNobel.com> 

Date: 7/1/2011 11:17 AM 

Subject: Carbon Disulfide - Fate and Transport 

Elizabeth: I am in receipt of your email request from Edwin Bisinger. We have reviewed Eastern Research Group's request for information under 

EPA Contract No. 68-C-02-095 regarding the fate and transport of Carbon Disulfide in water and air. Please find the information provided below 

in answer to your four questions, which we have taken from our Material Safety Data Sheet. 
(1) Do you have any data about CS2's physical chemistry properties, including solubility and Henry's Law Constant? 

Solubility in water at 20C = 0.2 % 

Henry's Law Constant = 1748 Pa*m3/mol at 25C and 1 atm-abs 

Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) = 22.6 

Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water) Log Po/w = 1.9 

(2) Do you have any data on the effect of CS2 on aquatic life, such as LC50, LD 50, or whole effluent toxicity? 

Acute Toxicity on Danio rerio, freshwater, semi-static 96 hours LC50 = 3 mg/l 

Acute Toxicity on Poecilia reticulate, 96 hour LC50 = 3 mg/l 

EC50, 48 hour on Daphnia magna = 2.1 mg/l 

Chronic Toxicity on Danio rerio, freshwater 8 day No Observable Effect Concentration = 1 mg/l 

(3) Through research and review, we are aware that when CS2 enters surface water, it partitions rapidly to the atmosphere through 

volatilization. What is the fate of CS2 when it volatilizes? Does it oxidize or take on another form? What are the daughter product chemicals? 

CS2 degrades photochemically to COS and SO2 with a half life time of 2-15 days 

CS2 does not hydrolyze therefore hydrolytic degradation is not relevant (several years) 

Biodegradation of CS2 is >80% after 28 days of exposure 

(4) How quickly does CS2 volatilize from water? We've seen examples where CS2 concentrations at the inlet and outlet of a discharge pipe 

drastically reduce likely due to volatilization. Do you have any further information or data on the fate and transport of CS2 in water? 

CS2 volatilizes quickly from water. Based on our experience, it would be difficult to determine fate and transport of CS2 in water due to the fast 

volatilization. 

I trust that this information will be helpful. If you have any questions please let me know. 

Best Regards, 

Brian Love 

Principal Environmental Engineer 

Global Environmental Affairs Group, HSE Governance 

T +1 770 246 4627 

F +1 770 441 2962 

M +1 

E brian.love@akzonobel.com<mailto:name.surname@akzonobel.com> 

AkzoNobel 

3587 Parkway Lane 

Norcross, GA 30092 

www.akzonobel.com<http://www.akzonobel.com/> 

Follow AkzoNobel online at www.akzonobel.com/followus<http://www.akzonobel.com/followus> 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

The information contained in this message, including any attachments, may be privileged and confidential and is intended only for the use of the 

individual and/or entity identified in the address of this message. If you are not an intended recipient, please notify the sender and delete and 

destroy this message, including any back-up copies. Please refer to www.akzonobel.com/legal-entities<http://www.akzonobel.com/legal-entities> 

for further legal information regarding the sending entity if from the EU, Croatia, Norway, Turkey, Ukraine or Switzerland. 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

From: Elizabeth Sabol [mailto:Elizabeth.Sabol@erg.com]<mailto:[mailto:Elizabeth.Sabol@erg.com]> 

Sent: Thursday, June 16, 2011 8:36 AM 

To: Bisinger, E.C. (Edwin) 
Cc: Alicea.Jezebele@epa.gov<mailto:Alicea.Jezebele@epa.gov>; Eleanor Codding 

Subject: Carbon Disulfide - Fate and Transport 

Dr. Bisinger, 

Thank you for your time on the phone today. As discussed, Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG), under EPA Contract No. 68-C-02-095, is 

e-mailing you on EPA's behalf to request information on the fate and transport of carbon disulfide (CS2) in water and air, as you were identified 

as a member of the Carbon Disulfide Coalition by Kathleen Roberts. Please find some background is provided below. 

EPA reviews industrial water discharges annually, as required by Section 304(b) of the Clean Water Act. The Clean Water Act (CWA) under 

Section 304(b) requires EPA to annually review and, if appropriate, revise its water pollution control technology-based regulations, called 

"effluent limitations guidelines" or "effluent guidelines," that limit the discharge of pollutants to waters of the U.S. from various categories of 

industrial facilities. EPA is currently conducting a study of wastewater discharges from cellulose manufacturers as a result of CS2 discharges 

identified during EPA's 2011 and prior year's review (see http://www.epa.gov/guide/304m/ for further information). As part of the study, EPA is 

requesting information on the fate and transport of CS2. 

We would like to obtain additional information on CS2, specifically pertaining to the following questions. 

1. Do you have any data about CS2's physical chemistry properties, including solubility and Henry's Law Constant? 

2. Do you have any data on the effect of CS2 on aquatic life, such as LC50, LD 50, or whole effluent toxicity? 

3. Through research and review, we are aware that when CS2 enters surface water, it partitions rapidly to the atmosphere through 

volatilization. What is the fate of CS2 when it volatilizes? Does it oxidize or take on another form? What are its daughter product chemicals? 

4. How quickly does CS2 volatilize from the water? We've seen examples where CS2 concentrations at the inlet and outlet of a discharge 

pipe drastically reduce likely due to volatilization. Do you have any further information or data on the fate and transport of CS2 in water? 

We appreciate your timely response to the questions listed above. If a phone call is better to discuss the topic, please call me directly at 

703-633-1659 so that we can set up a convenient time. 

If you would like to speak directly with EPA regarding this request, you can contact Jezebele Alicea-Virella of EPA's Office of

Water/Engineering Analysis Division by phone at (202) 566-1755 or by email: 

Alicea.Jezebele@epamail.epa.gov<mailto:Alicea.Jezebele@epamail.epa.gov>. 

Thanks, 

Elizabeth 

Elizabeth A. Sabol 

Environmental Engineer 

Eastern Research Group, Inc. 

14555 Avion Parkway, Suite 200 

Chantilly, VA 20151 

elizabeth.sabol@erg.com<mailto:elizabeth.sabol@erg.com> 

Phone:703-633-1659