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# 43 ) ll-B-1 7

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## JI-B-/ 7

_-» , *••

* *« i •* 1 MIDWESTRESEAffCF l INSTITUT E \

. . . , Suite 350 1 ' * * 1 ' j '.*
. . : '- J '.is*** 40 1 Harriso n Oak s Boulevar

d Cary

. N.C

. 2751 3

Date : Decembe r 19 , 198 6 Subject : Fina l Mode l Plan t Parameters , Baselin e Controls , an dRegulator y Alternative s fo r Chromiu m Electroplatin g an

dChromi c Aci d Anodizin g Operation s Chromiu m Electroplatin g NESHAP EPA Contrac t 68-02-3817 ; ESE DProjec t 85/Q2STT. MR I Projec t 7717- Kn' '
From : Randy

Stra i 

# t/JTo : Al Vervaer t

ESED/ISB/SS S (MD-13 ) U . S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y Researc hTriangl e Park , N.C . 2771 1 (919 ) 541-560 1
I . Introductio n This memorandu

m provide s parameter s fo r mode l plant s tha t ar e representativ e o f existin g an dnew chromiu m electroplatin g an

dchromi c aci danodizin g facilities . I t als o present s informatio nabou t baselin e control s fo r existin g facilitie s an didentifie s severa l potentia l regulator y

alternatives . II . Mode l Plant s Eigh t mode l plant s wer e develope dt o characteriz e chromiu m electroplatin g an

dchromi c aci danodizin g operation s tha t ar e capabl e o f plating o r anodizin g a wid e variet y o f product s includin g thos e upo nwhic h the economi c analysi s o f regulatory alternative s wil l be based . Thre e mode l plant s eac h(small , medium , an dlarge ) fo r hardan ddecorativ e plating operation s andtwo mode l plant s (smal l an dlarge ) fo r anodizin g operation s wer e develope dt o represen t adequatel y an y plan t fo r th e purpos e o f regulator y impac t analysis . Proces s an doperatin g conditio n parameter s wer e give nprimar y consideratio nfo r determinin g th e siz e an d numbe r o f mode l plants . Thes e parameter s includ e ampere-hour s usedpe r year , chromi c aci dconsumptio npe r year , operatin g time , tota l tank capacity , an

dtota l numbe r o f tanks . Value s fo r thes e parameter s wer e obtaine dfro

m Phas e I Sectio n11 4 informatio nrequest s an dplan t visi t and telephon e contac t reports . Th e rang e o f value s fo r eac hparamete r wa s divide dint o th e siz e classifications , an dtypica l value s fo r each paramete r wer e the nuse dt o defin e a mode l facilit y fo r eac hsiz e classification . Th e range s fo r thes e paramete r value s ar e show nin Tabl e 1 . Th e value s use dt o defin e production , operatin g time , process , captur e system , contro l technique , an dstac kdischarg e parameter s fo r eac h mode l plan t ar e presente dinTable s 2 , 3 , an d4 .

/P. 3

Th e America nNationa l Standard s Institut e guideline s fo r captur e system s yer e use dt o determin e ventilatio nrate s fo r th e captur e systems . Tabl e 5 present s th e ventilatio nrate s fo r eac ho f th e si x mode l tank s use dinth e developmen t o f th e mode l plants . Tabl e 6 present s th e number , size , an

dtota l ventilatio nrate s o f th e tank s vente dt o a commo ncontro l devic e fo r eac hmode l plant . Fo r fiv e o f th e mode l plants , al l tank s ar e vente dt o a commo ncontro l device . Fo r th e mediu m siz e decorativ e platin g mode l plant , eac ho f th e thre e tanks i s vente dt o a separat e contro l device . Fo r th e larg e decorativ e platin g mode l plant , on e o f th e fiv e 12-foo t tanks i s vente dt o on e contro l devic e whil e two o f th e 12-foo t tank s eac har e vente dt o two separat e contro l devices . Fo r th e larg e hardchromiu m platin g mode l plant , th e two 4-foot , fiv e 12-foot , an dthre e 25-foo t tank s ar e vente dt o thre e separat e contro l devices . I t wa s assume dtha t differen t combination s o f tank s woul db e vente dt o separat e contro l device s becaus e th e plan t woul dbe abl e t o continu e t o operat e some o f it s platin g operation s whe non e contro l devic e o r platin g operatio nwa s dow

nfo r repairs . Fo r eac hmode l plant , th e contro l devic e inle t ga s flow

rate s presente di nTable s 2 , 3 , an d4 ar e base donth e tota l ventilatio nrate s fo r th e combination s o f mode l tank s presente di n Tabl e 7 . Insom

e cases , tota l ventilatio nrate s wer e rounde dt o th e ga s flow rate s fo r whic hfactory-assemble dunit s ar e available . III . Baselin e Emission s an dControl s Baselin e control s fo r chromiu m platin g an

dchromi c aci danodizin g operation s wil l no t be base donexistin g Stat e regulation s a s i s generall y th e cas e becaus e onl y a few State s hav e ai r pollutio nregulation s specifi c fo r chromium . Generally , th e Stat e regulation s ar e no t expresse dinterm s o f a nemissio nlimit ; the y requir e plant s eithe r t o us e bes t availabl e contro l technology

o r t o achiev e anambien t concentratio nexpresse da s a percentag e o f the threshol dlimi t valu e fo r chromium . Therefore , th e baselin e wil l be determine dfro m informatio nabou t contro l technique s currentl y

use db y existin g operation s an ddat a obtaine ddurin g th e emissio ntes t program . Th e contro l technique s informatio nwa s obtaine dfro m telephon e contac t an

dplan t visi t report s an dPhas e I Sectio n11 4 informatio n request s fo r 10 7 decorativ e an d8 9 hardchromiu

m platin g operation s an d 1 7 chromi c aci danodizin g operations . A summary o f thes e dat a i s presente di nTabl e 7 . Th e informatio npresente dinTabl e 7 show s tha t abou t 1 1 percen t o f th e decorativ e chromiu m platin g operation s ar e uncontrolled , 3 8 percen t ar e controlle db

y fum e suppressants , 3 8 percen t ar e controlle db y fume suppressant s inconjunctio nwit h a scrubbe r o r mis t eliminator , an d 1 2 percen t ar e controlle db y scrubbers . Therefore , baselin e condition s fo r decorativ e plating operation s shoul dinclud e a nuncontrolle dleve l an d thre e level s o f control : on e leve l base donth e us e o f fume suppressants , on e leve l base donthe us e o f fume suppressant s usedinconjunctio nwit ha contro l device , an

don e leve l base donthe us e o f scrubbers . Th e thre e level s o f contro l may be reduce dt o on e o r tw o level s o f contro l i f emissio ntes t result s sho w tha t th e contro l efficienc y o f fume suppressant s i s simila r t o thos e fo r scrubbers .

5LP. 4

Baselin e dat a obtaine dfo r hardchromiu m platin g operation s indicat e tha t abou t 2 2 percen t ar e uncontrolled , 9 percen t ar e controlle db y mis t eliminators , an

d6 8 percen t ar e controlle db y scrubbers . Base donth e dat a presente dinTabl e 7 , baselin e condition s fo r hardplatin g operation s shoul dinclud e a

nuncontrolle dleve l an dtw o level s o f control : on e leve l base donth e us e o f mis t eliminator s an don e leve l base donth e us e o f scrubbers . Fou r o f the 8 9 hardchromium platin g shop s contacte dstate dtha t they us e a fum

e suppressan t a s a contro l technique . However , fume suppressant s typicall y ar e no t use dt o contro l mistin g fro m conventiona l hardchromiu

m platin g operation s becaus e they caus e pittin g o nhard chromiu m plate dsurfaces . Therefore , fume suppressant s wil l no t b e considere da s a contro l techniqu e fo r th e baseline . Baselin e dat a obtaine dfo r chromiu m anodizin g operation s indicat e tha t abou t 5 9 percen t ar e uncontrolled , 2 9 percen t ar e controlle db y fume suppressants , an

d1 2 percen t ar e controlle db y scrubbers . Therefore , baselin e condition s shoul dinclud e anuncontrolle dleve l an dtwo level s o f control : on e leve l base do nth e us e o f fume suppressant s andon e leve l base donth e us e o f scrubbers . Uncontrolle demissio ndat a fo r si xhardchromiu m platin g operation s ar e presente di nTabl e 8 . Emission s test s fo r determinin g uncontrolle d emission s fro

m decorativ e chromium platin g an

dchromi c aci danodizin g operation s have no t bee ncompleted . Uncontrolle demissio nlevel s fo r th e baselin e conditio nwil l b e base do nthes e data . Controlle demissio n level s fo r the baselin e conditio nwil l b e base doncontro l devic e performanc e dat a obtaine dfrom th e emissio ntes t program . Nearl y al l o f the plant s us e some typ e o f captur e system t o compl y wit hOccupationa l Safet y andHealt hAdministratio nregulation s tha t limi t chromiu m concentration s insid e th e plan t t o a maximu m acceptabl e concentratio no f 0. 1 milligram pe r cubi c mete r (4.2x10 " grain s pe r cubi c foot) . Therefore , emissio ncaptur e system s wil l be considere da s a par t o f the baselin e fo r al l plant s includin g thos e wit hno contro l devices . Facilitie s tha t use.scrubber s t o contro l chromiu m emission s typicall y

d o no t incu r wastewate r treatmen t cost s associate dwit hth e us e o f th e contro l device . Har dchromium platin g facilitie s typicall y avoi d wastewate r treatmen t cost s b y continuousl y

recirculatin g scrubbe r liquor . Th e scrubbe r liquo r i s recirculate dfro m severa l hour s t o severa l day s an dthe ni s draine dt o th e platin g bat ht o mak e u pfo r platin g solutio nevaporatio nlosses . Th e scrubbe r i s recharge dwit hclea nwate r afte r being drained . Thi s practic e als o minimize s wate r consumptio nan d allow s fo r the recover y o f chromi c acid . Decorativ e chromiu m platin g facilitie s tha t us e scrubber s typicall y d o no t us e scrubbe r liquo r t o mak e upfo r platin g solutio nevaporatio nlosse s becaus e fum e suppressant s ar e usedt o minimiz e evaporatio nlosses . However , many facilitie s avoi d wastewate r treatmen t cost s an dminimiz e wate r consumptio nb y recirculatin g throughthe scrubbe r the rins e wate r fro m the rins e tank s tha t follow the chromiu m platin g tank .



### 3P. 5

Some har dan

dmos t decorativ e platin g facilitie s instal l wast e treatmen t system s t o trea t waste s fro m platin g baths . Some o f thes e facilitie s d o drai nthe scrubbe r liquo r t o a wast e treatmen t system . However , th e cos t o f treatin g scrubbe r liquo r relativ e t o th e tota l cos t o f wast e treatmen t associate dwit hplatin g operation s i s low . Facilitie s tha t us e mis t eliminator s als o avoi dwast e treatmen t cost s associate dwit hth e us e o f th e contro l devic e b y drainin g th e was h dow nwate r t o th e platin g tankt o mak e upfo r platin g solutio nevaporation ' losses . IV . Regulator y

Alternative s Regulator y

alternative s wil l be develope dt o evaluat e th e environmental , cost , an deconomi c impact s o f variou s level s o f chromiu m emissio nreduction . Th e alternativ e base do nbaselin e control s wil l represen t th e "no-action " alternative . Anothe r regulator y alternativ e wil l represen t th e mos t stringen t leve l o f contro l base donth e us e o f th e bes t emissio ncaptur e an dcontro l system

o nal l mode l plant s regardles s o f size . Fo r example , thi s alternativ e may b e base donthe us e o f a packed-be dscrubbe r b y captiv e an

djobshop s tha t perform hardchromiu

m platin g an

dth e us e o f a fum

e suppressan t an

da packed-be dscrubbe r b y al l captiv e an

djobshop s tha t perform decorativ e chromiu

m platin g o r chromi c aci danodizing . Additiona l regulator y alternative s wil l be develope dt o represent intermediat e level s o f contro l fo r eithe r a categor y o r a subcategor y

o f plan t sizes . Fo r example , on e alternativ e fo r smal l jo b shop s ma y

be base donth e us e o f mis t eliminator s insteado f scrubber s becaus e th e cos t o f scrubber s ma y hav e a significan t cos t an deconomi c impac t onthi s subcategory . Regulator y

alternative s base donth e us e o f scrubber s and/o r mis t eliminator s wil l no t increas e wastewate r treatmen t cost s fo r thi s sourc e category . I t i s commo npractic e fo r chromiu m platin g facilitie s t o avoi d wastewate r treatmen t cost s b y recirculatin g scrubbe r liquo r an ddrainin g th e liquo r t o a chromiu m plating o r rins e tanko r b y drainin g mis t eliminato r washdownwate r t o a chromiu m platin g tank . V . Reference s 1 . America nNationa l Standar dPractice s fo r Ventilatio nan dOperatio no f Open-Surfac e Tanks . ANS I 29.1-1977 . America nNationa l Standard s Institute , Inc. , Ne

w York , New

York . 1977 . 2 . Memorandu

m fro m R . Strait , MRI , t o A . Vervaert , EPA/ISB . Jul y 18 , 1986 . Tri prepor t fo r OMI TM Internationa l Corporation , Warren , Michigan , o nJanuar y 7 , 1986 . 3 . U.S . Departmen t o f Labor . Cod e o f Federa l Regulations . 2 9 CF R1910.1000 . Washington , D.C . Jul y 1 , 1986 , p . 659 .



# tP. 6

TABL E 1

. CRITERI AFO R DETERMININ GMODE L PLAN T SIZE S FO R DECORATIV E AN D HAR D PLATINGAN D CHROMI C ACI D ANODIZIN GOPERATION S

Operation/paramete r Decorativ e plating Ampere-hour s use d pe r yea r Chromi c aci d consump tion , kg/yr (lb/yr ) Operating time , hours/yea r Tota l tan

k capacity , a (gal ) No
. o f tank s Har d plating Ampere-hour s use d pe r yea r Chromi c aci d consump tion , kg/yr (lb/yr ) Operating time , hours/yea r Tota l tan

k capacity , a (gal ) No
. o f tank s Anodizing 3 Chromi c aci d consumptio n kg/y r (lb/yr ) Operating time , hours/yea r Tota l tan

k capacity , a (gal ) No
. o f tank s Smal l

<15,000,00 0
<4,54 0 (<10,000 ) <2,00 0
<13,25 0 (<3,500 ) 

### 1- 2

<50,000,00 0
<4,54 0 (<10,000 ) <2,00 0
<18,93 0 (<5,000 ) 

### 1-3

<4,54 0 (<10,000 ) <2,00 0
<37,85 0 (<10,000 ) 

### 1 Plan t siz e

Mediu m

15,000,00 0 -50,000,00 0 4,540-11,34 0 (10,000-25,000 ) 2,000-6,00 0
13,250-37,85 0 (3,500-10,000 )



### 3- 4

50,000,00 0 -20,000,00 0 4,540-11,34 0 (10,000-25,000 ) 2,000-6,00 0
18,930-37,85 0 (5,000-10,000 )



### 4- 9 Larg e

>50,000,00 0
>11,34 0 (>25,000 ) >6,00 0
>37,85 0 (>10,000 )


### > 5

>200,000,00 0 -758,000,00 0 >11,34 0 (>25,000 ) >6,00 0
>37,85 0 (>10,000 ) 

### >1 0

>4,54 0 (>10,000 ) >6,00 0
>37,85 0 (>10,000 ) 

### > 2

a Chromiu manodizin g i s performe d b yregulatin g th e voltag e rathe r tha n th e curren t applie d t o th e bath

. Therefore , ampere-hour s use d pe r yea r wa s no t considere d a s a proces s paramete r fo r determinin g mode l plan t sizes

.

<5TABL E 2

.

Parameter s MODE L PLAN T PARAMETER S FO R DECORATIV E CHROMIU MELECTROPLATIN GOPERATIONS * Plan t siz e Smal l Medium Larg e
A
. Productio n rat e Tota l ampere-hour s pe r yea r Time electrode s ar e energized , % Chromi c aci d usage , kg/y r (lb/yr ) B
. Operating time Hours/da

y Days/wee k Weeks/yea r Hours/yea r C
. Proces s Numbe r o f tank s Tan k dimensions , (1 , w , d) , m (ft )

Tota l tan

k capacity , a (ga]) b2 Tota l tan

k surfac e area , m(f t ) Chromi c aci d concentration , g/ a (oz/gal ) Catalys t Catalys t concentration , g/ a (oz/gal ) Temperatur e o f plating solution , ° C (°F ) Operating voltage , V Operating current , ampere s D
. Emissio n captur e system Typ e o f hoo

d Ventilatio n rate , m /mi n (ft 3 /min) c 6,400,00 0 8 0 1,10 0 (2,400 )

8 5 5 0 2,00 0 38,400,00 0 8 0 9,10 0 (20,000 )

1 6 5 5 0 4,00 0

1 3 3.6 , 1.1 , 1. 8 3 ( ? 3.6 , 1.1 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 3.5 , 6.0 ) (12.0 , 3.5 , 6.0 ) 6,55 0 (1,730 ) 3. 9 (42 ) 26 0 (35 ) Fluorid e 1 (0.15 ) 38-4 6 (100-115 )

7. 5 4,00 0

Double-side d latera l 29 7 (10,500 ) 19,65 0 (5,190 ) 1 2 (126 ) 25 0 (33 ) Fluorid e 2 (0.33 ) 38-4 6 (100-115 )

6 4,00 0

Double-side d 1atera l 3 &29 7 (10,500 ) 150,000,00 0 8 0 81,60 0 (180,000 )

2 4 5 5 2 6,24 0

5 @ 3.6 , 1.8 , 2. 7 (12.0 , 6.0 , 9.0 ) 86,65 0 (22,890 ) 3 3 (360 ) 30 0 (40 ) Sulfuri c aci d 2 (0.22 ) 38-4 6 (100-115 )

1 6 6,00 0

Push-pul l
25 5 (9,000 ) 2 @ 51 0 (18,000 ) 2 < ? 51 0 (18,000 ) (continued )

^TABL E 2

. (continued )

Parameter s

E
. Contro l technique " 1

. Chemica l fum e suppressan t usage , kg/yr (lb/yr ) 2

. Contro l devic e Numbe r o f contro l device s Inle t ga s flo wrate , m/mi n (f t /min) e Inle t ga s temperature , ° C (°F ) Inle t ga s moisture , %
a . Singl e packed-be d scrubbe r A P , kP a (in

. w.c. ) Liquid-to-ga s ratio , a/1,00 0 m (gal/1,00 0 f t ) b

. Doubl e packed-be d scrubbe r A P , kP a (in

. w.c. ) Liquid-to-ga s ratio , a/1,00 0 m (gal/1,00 0 f t ) c . Chevron-blad e mis t eliminato r wit h Smal l

4. 5 (10 )
1 34 0 (12,000 ) 2 7 (80 ) 2
0. 5 (2 ) 40 0 (3 )

0.7 5 (3 ) 80 0 (6 ) 0.1 9 (0.75 ) Plant siz e Mediu m

2. 3 (50 )
3 3 @ 34 0 (12,000 )

2 7 (80 ) 2
0. 5 (2 ) 30 0 (3 )

0.75(3 ) 80 0 (6 ) 0.1 9 (0.75 ) Larg e

4 5 (100 )
3 28 3 (10,000 ) 2 @ 51 0 (18,000 )

2 7 (80 ) 2
0. 5 (2 ) 40 0 (3 )

0.75(3 ) 80 0 (6 ) 0.1 9 (0.75 ) singl e se t o fblades , AP , kP a (in

. w.c. ) d

. Chevron-blad e mis t eliminato rwit h 0. 5 (2 ) 0. 5 (2 ) 0. 5 (2 ) double se t o fblades , AP , kP a (in

. w.c. ) e
. Mesh-pad mis t eliminato rAP , 0.2 5 (1 ) 0.2 5 (1 ) 0.2 5 (1 ) kPa (in

. w.c. ) (continued )

^TABL E 2

. (continued )

Parameter s Smal l Plan t siz e Medium Larg e F
. Stac k Numbe r o f stack s Height , m(ft) 1 " Diameter , m(ft ) 2 ( ? 10. 4 (34 ) Temperature , ° C (°F ) Moisture , % Ga s flo wrate , m/mi n (f t /min ) Ga s velocity , m/mi n (ft/min ) 1 9. 1 (30 ) 0. 7 (2.3 )

2 7 (80 ) 2 34 0 (12,000 ) 914 (3,000 ) 9. 1 (30 ) 0. 7 (2.3 )

2 7 (80 ) 2 § 34 0 (12,000 ) 91 4 (3,000 ) 9. 1 (30 ) 7. 9 (26 )

2 7 (80 ) 2 28 3 (10,000 ) § 51 0 (18,000 )
Paramete r value s fo r th e small , medium , an d larg e plan t size s ar e base d o n informatio n obtaine d fro m .eight , four , and fiv e plants , respectively

. D Tan k freeboar d space= 6 Inches

. c Fo r th e mediumsiz e mode l plant , th e thre e tank s ar e vente d t o thre e separat e contro l devices

. Fo r th e larg e mode l plant , th e fi^ e tank s ar e veste d t o thre e separat e contro l devices. On e tank wit ha ventilatio n rat e o f 25 5 m/mi n (9,00 0 f t /min ) i s vente d t g on e contro l devic e and tw o pair s o f tanks , eac hpai r wit ha ventilatio n rat e o f 51 0 m/mi n (18,00 0 f t /min) , ar e vente d t o tw o separat e contro l devices. Mode l plan t parameter s ar e presente d fo r al l contro l techniques

. Afum e suppressan t alon e o r i n combinatio n wit ha scrubbe r o r mis t eliminato r ma yb e use d a t an ygive n plant

. ^Ventilatio n rate s wer e rounde d t o th e ga s flo wrate s fo r whic hfactory-assemble d unit s ar e available

. Stac k heigh t i s th e distanc e fro mgroun d leve l t o th e poin t o f discharge

. o o

**
. C OTABL E 3

. MODE L PLAN T PARAMETER S FOR HAR D CHROMIU

M ELECTROPLATIN

G OPERATIONS 3

Parameter s Smal l Plan t siz e Mediu m Larg e
A
. Productio n rat e Tota l ampere-hour s pe r yea r Time electrode s ar e energized , % Chromi c aci d usage , kg/yr (lb/yr ) B
. Operating tim

e Hours/da

y Days/wee k Weeks/yea r Hours/yea r C
. Proces s Numbe r o f tank s Tan k dimensions , (1 , w , d) , m(ft )

Tota l tan

k capacity , a (ga p Tota l tan

k surfac e area , m(f t ) Chromi c aci d concentration , g/ a (oz/gal ) Catalys t Catalys t concentration , g/ a (oz/gal ) Temperatur e o f plating solution , ° C (°F ) Operating voltage , V Operating current , ampere s 25,600,00 0 8 0 1,80 0 (5,000 )

8 5 5 0 2,00 0

3.6 , 1.2 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 4.0 , 6.0 ) 7.6 , 0.9 , 1. 8 (25.0 , 3.0 , 6.0 )

19,15 0 (5,060 ) 1 1 (123 ) 25 0 (33 ) Sulfuri c aci d 2 (0.33 ) 49-6 5 (120-150 )

6 8,00 0 122,800,00 0 8 0 9,30 0 (20,500 )

1 6 5 4 8 3,84 0

1.2 , 1.2 , 3. 0 (4.0 , 4.0 , 10.0 ) (3 3.6 , 1.2 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 4.0 , 6.0 ) 7.6 , 0.9 , 1. 8 (25.0 , 3.0 , 6.0 ) 32,52 0 (8,110 ) 1 9 (187 ) 25 0 (33 ) Sulfuri c aci d 2 (0.33 ) 49-6 5 (120-150 )

7 10,00 0 806,400,00 0 8 0 13,60 0 (50,000 )

2 4 7 5 0 8,40 0

1 0 <s > 1.2 , 1.2 , 3. 0 (4.0 , 4.0 , 10.0 ) @ 3.6 , 1.2 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 4.0 , 6.0 ) @ 7.6 , 0.9 , 1. 8 (25.0 , 3.0 , 6.0 ) 81,01 0 (21,400 ) 4 6 (497 ) 25 0 (33 ) Sulfuri c aci d 2 (0.33 ) 49-6 5 (120-150 )

1 2 12,00 0 (continued )

^ T l oTABL E 3 . (continued )
Plan t siz e

Parameter s Smal l Mediu m Larg e D . Emissioncaptur e syste m Type o f hoo

d

Ventilationrate , m

/mi n (f t /min) c

E . Contro l techniqu e Contro l devic e Numbe r o f contro l devi < Push-pull , double-side d latera l 70 1 (24,750 )

ige s Inle t ga s flo

w rate , m

/m1 n(f t /min) e

Inle t ga s temperature , ° C (°F ) Inle t ga s moisture , % 1 . Singl e packed-be dscrubber , AP , kPa (in

. w.c. ) Liquid-to-ga s ratio , a/1,00 0 m (gal/1,00 0 f t ) 2 . Doubl e packed-be dscrubber , AP , kP a (in

. w.c. ) Liquid-to-ga s ratio , a/1,00 0 m (gal/1,00 0 f t ) 3

. Chevron-blad e mis t eliminato rwit h singl e se t o fblade s AP , kP a (in

. w.c. ) Push-pull , double-side d latera l 87 1 (30,750 )

73 6 (26,000 )

2 7 (80 ) 2 0. 5 (2 ) 40 0 (3 )

0.7 5 (3 ) 80 0 (6 ) 0.1 9 (0.75 ) 

### 99 1

0

. (35,000 )

2 7 (80 ) 2 0. 5 (2 ) 40 0 (3 )

0.7 5 (3 ) 80 0 (6 ) 1 9 (0.75 ) Push-pull ,

double-side d latera l 2 @ 11 3 (4,000 ) 5 @ 85 0 (30,000 ) 3 @ 1,61 0 (56,250 )

11 3 (4,000 ) 85 0 (30,000 ) 1,70 0 (60,000 ) 2 7 (80 ) 2 0. 5 (2 ) 40 0 (3 )

0.7 5 (3 ) 80 0 (6 ) 0.1 9 (0.75 )

(continued )

^TABL E 3

. (continued ) Plan t siz e Parameters Smal l Mediu m Larg e 4

. Chevron-blad e mis t eliminato rwit h double 0. 5 (2 ) 0. 5 (2 ) 0. 5 (2 )
se t o fblades , AP , kP a (in

. w.c. ) 5

. Mesh-pad mis t eliminator , AP , kP a (1n

. w.c. ) 0.2 5 (1 ) 0.2 5 (1 ) 0.2 5 (1 ) F

. Stac k Numbe r o f stack s 1 1 3 Height , m

(ft) 1 " 9. 1 (30 ) 9. 1 (30 ) 9. 1 (30 ) Diameter , m

(ft ) 1. 0 (3.3 ) 1. 1 (3.8 ) 0. 4 (1.3 ) 1. 1 (3.7 ) 1. 6 (5.2 ) Temperature , °C (°F ) 27 (80 ) 2 7 (80 ) 2 7 (80 ) Moisture , % 2 2 2 Ga s flo wrate , m/mi n (ft/min ) 736 (26,000 ) 99 1 (35,000 ) 11 3 (4,000 ) 85 0 (30,000 ) 1,70 0 (60,000 ) Ga s velocity , m/mi n(ft/min ) 91 4 (3,000 ) 91 4 (3,000 ) 914 (3,000 ) Paramete r value s fo r the small , medium , an dlarg e plan t size s ar e basedoninformationobtaine dfro m .nine , four , an

dthre e plants , respectively . ^Tan kfreeboardspace= 6 inches . c Fo r the larg e mode l plant , the tw o 1.2-m (4-ft) , fiv

e 3.6-m (12-ft) , an

dthre e 7.6- m

(25-ft ) tank s ar e vente^ j t o thre e separat e contro l device s wit hventilatio nrate s o f 11 3 m /mi n(4,00 0 f t /min) , 85 0 m /mi n(30,00 0 f t /min) , an d1,59 0 m/mi n(56,25 0 ft/min) , respectively . Mode l plan t parameter s ar e presente dfo r al l contro l techniques . An y on e may

be useda t an

y give n plant . ^Ventilationrate s wer e roundedt o the ga s flo w rate s fo r whichfactory-assemble dunit s ar e available . Stac kheigh t i s th e distanc e fro m groundleve l t o th e poin t o f discharge .TABL E 4 . MODE L PLANT PARAMETER S FO RCHROMI C ACI DANODIZINGOPERATIONS 3

Parameter s
A . Productio nrat e Tim e electrode s ar e energized , % Chromi c aci dusage , kg/yr (lb/yr ) B . Operatin g time Hours/da y Days/wee k Weeks/yea r Hours/yea r C . Proces s Numbe r o f tank s Tankdimensions , (1 , w , d) , m (ft )
Tota l tankcapacity , a (ga]) c Tota l tanksurfac e area , m (f t ) Chromi c aci dconcentration , g/ a (oz/gal ) Temperatur e o f platin g solution , ° C (°F ) Operatin g voltage , V D . Emissio ncaptur e syste m Typ e o f hoo

d Ventilatio nrate , m

/mi n(f t /min ) E . Contro l techniqu e 1 . Chemica l fume suppressan t usage , kg/yr (lb/yr ) 4. 5 (10 ) 4 5 (100 )

" ~

~ (continued ) Plan t Small

25 900 (2,000 )

8 5 5 0 2,00 0

1 3.6 , 1.1 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 3.5 , 6.0 ) 6,55 0 (1,730 ) 3. 9 (42 ) 7 5 (10 ) 32-3 5 (90-95 )

40

Double-side dlatera l

29 7 (10,500 ) siz e Larg e

b 5,67 0 (12,500 )

2 4 6 5 0 7,20 0

2 2 9 9.1 , 1.5 , 2. 7 (30.0 , 5.0 , 9.0 ) 72,19 0 (19,070 ) 2 8 (300 ) 7 5 (10 ) 32-3 5 (90-95 )

2 0 Push-pul l 1,06 0 (37,500 )



# p T lTABL E 4 . (continued )



# fc Plan t siz e

Parameter s 2 . Contro l devic e

Numbe r o f contro l device s Inle t ga s flo

w rate , m

/m1 n(f t /min ) Inle t ga s temperature , ° C (°F ) Inle t ga s moisture , % a . Singl e packed-be dscrubber , AP , kP a (in . w.c. ) Liquid-to-ga s ratio , a/1,00 0 m , (gal/1,00 0 f t ) b . Doubl e packed-be dscrubber , AP S kP a (1n . w.c. ) Liquid-to-ga s ratio , a/1,00 0 m c . Chevron-blad e mis t eliminato r wit hsingl e se t o f blades , AP , kP a (in . w.c. ) d

. Chevron-blad e mis t eliminato rwit h doubl e se t o f blades , AP , kPa (in

. w.c. ) e
. Mesh-pad mis t eliminator , AP , kPa (in

. w.c. ) F

. Stac k Numbe r o f stack s Height , m(ft) e Diameter , m(ft ) Temperature , ° C (°F ) Moisture , % Ga s flo wrate , m/mi n (f t /min ) Ga s velocity , m/mi n (ft/min ) Smal l



### 1 34 0 (12,000 ) 2 7 (80 ) 2 0. 5 (2 ) 40 0 (3 ) 0.7 5 (3 ) 80 0 (6 ) 0.1 9 (0.75 ) 0. 5 (2 ) 0.2 5 (1 )



### 1 9. 1 (30 ) 0. 7 (2.3 ) 2 7 (80 ) 2 34 0 (12,000 ) 91 4 (3,000 ) Large



### 1 1,13 3 (40,000 ) 2 7 (80 ) 2 0. 5 (2 ) 40 0 (3 ) 0.7 5 (3 ) 80 0 (6 ) 0.1 9 (0.75 ) 0. 5 (2 ) 0.2 5 (1 )



### 1 9. 1 (30 ) 1. 2 (4.1 ) 2 7 (80 ) 2 1,13 3 (40,000 ) 91 4 (3,000 )
Paramete r value s fo r th e smal l plan t siz e ar e base d o n Informatio n obtaine d fro m1 6 plants , an d thos e fo r th e larg e plan t siz e ar e base d o n informatio n fro mon e plant

. Dat a no t availabl e fro mplant s contacted

. ^Tan k freeboar d space= 6 inches

. Mode l plan t parameter s ar e presente d fo r al l contro l techniques

. Afum e suppressan t alon e o r i n combinatio n wit ha scrubbe r o r mis t eliminato r ma yb e use d a t an ygive n plant

. e Stac k heigh t i s th e distanc e fro mgroun d leve l t o th e poin t o f discharge

.

* •P.1 5

1 4

TABL E 5 . VENTILATION RATE S FO

RMODE L TAN

KEMISSIO

N CAPTUR E SYSTEM S Dimension s V^ntilatio g rate , (1 , w , d) , m

(ft ) Typ e o f hoo dm

/mi n(f t /min )
1.2 , 1.2 , 3. 0 Push-pul l Pus h<2. 3 (<80 ) (4.0 , 4.0 , 10.0 ) Pul l 5 7 (2,000 ) 3.6 , 1.1 , 1. 8 Double-side dlatera l 29 7 (10,500 ) (12.0 , 3.5 , 6.0 ) 3.6 , 1.2 , 1. 8 Push-pul l Pus h<6. 8 (<240 ) (12.0 , 4.0 , 6.0 ) Pul l 17 0 (6,000 ) 3.6 , 1.8 , 2. 7 Push-pul l Pus h<1 0 (<360 ) (12.0 , 6.0 , 9.0 ) Pul l 25 5 (9,000 ) 7.6 , 0.9 , 1. 8 Double-side dlatera l 53 1 (18,750 ) (25.0 , 3.0 , 6.0 ) 9.1 , 1.5 , 2. 7 Push-pul l Pus h<2 1 (<750 ) (30.0 , 5.0 , 9.0 ) Pul l 53 1 (18,750 )



## / V

### 1 5 P.1 6

TABL E 6 . NUMBER , SIZE , AN DTOTAL VENTILATIO

N RATE S O F MODE L TANK S VENTE D T OA COMMO N CONTRO L DEVIC E

Mode l plan t Decorative plating Smal l Medium 3

Large b

Har dplating Small 0

Medium 0

Large d

Anodizing Smal l Large c 

### No .

1
1 1 1
1 2 2

1 1 1 2 1 2 5 3



### 1 2 Mode l tank s

Tan kdimension s (1 , w , d) , m

(ft )

3.6 , 1.1 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 3.5 , 6.0 ) 3.6 , 1.1 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 3.5 , 6.0 ) 3.6 , 1.1 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 3.5 , 6.0 ) 3.6 , 1.1 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 3.5 , 6.0 ) 3.6 , 1.8 , 2. 7 (12.0 , 6.0 , 9.0 ) 3.6 , 1.8 , 2. 7 (12.0 , 6.0 , 9.0 ) 3.6 , 1.8 , 2. 7 (12.0 , 6.0 , 9.0 )

3.6 , 1.2 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 4.0 , 6.0 ) 7.6 , 0.9 , 1. 8 (25.0 , 3.0 , 6.0 ) 1.2 , 1.2 , 3. 0 (4.0 , 4.0 , 10.0 ) 3.6 , 1.2 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 4.0 , 6.0 ) 7.6 , 0.9 , 1. 8 (25.0 , 3.0 , 6.0 ) 1.2 , 1.2 , 3. 0 (4.0 , 4.0 , 10.0 ) 3.6 , 1.2 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 4.0 , 6.0 ) 7.6 , 0.9 , 1. 8 (25.0 , 3.0 , 6.0 )

3.6 , 1.1 , 1. 8 (12.0 , 3.5 , 6.0 ) 9.1 , 1.2 , 2. 7 (30.0 , 5.0 , 9.0 ) Tota l venti lationrat e pe r contro l device , m/mi n(ft/min )

29 7 (10,500 ) 29 7 (10,500 ) 29 7 (10,500 ) 29 7 (10,500 ) 25 5 (9,000 ) 51 0 (18,000 ) 51 0 (18,000 )

70 1 (24,750 )

92 7 (32,750 )

11 3 (4,000 ) 85 0 (30,000 ) 1,59 3 (56,250 )

29 7 (10,500 ) 1,06 2 (37,500 )

3 Eac ho f the thre e tank s i s ventedt o a separat e contro l device . One tan ki s ventedt o on e contro l device , an dtw o tank s eachar e vented t o a secon

dan da thirdcontro l device . °A1 1 tank s ar e ventedt o on e contro l device . d Th e tw o 1.2-m (4.0-ft ) lon

g tanks , fiv

e 3. 6 m (12.0-ft ) lon

g tanks , an

d thre e 7.5-m

(25.0-ft ) lon

g tank s ar e ventedt o separat e contro l devices .

/* "

### TABL E 7 . BASELIN E LEVEL S O F CONTRO L FO RCHROMIU M PLATINGANDANODIZINGOPERATION S

Plan t siz e Sma l I Me di u m Operation/contro l techniqu e No .

12 3 7 2 2 4 1 1 15 5

18 7 3 9 5 *

9 5 2 7 3 Percen t

14. 0 43. 0 2. 3 27. 9 12. 8 100. 0

28. 1 11. 0 60. 0 99. 0

56. 3 31. 2 12. 5 100. 0 Larg e Tota l

No . Percen t No . Percen t No .

12 4 1 2 3 9 1 3 T0 7

2 0 8 6 1 B 9

10 5 2 T7 Percen t

11. 2 38. 3 1. 9 36. 4 12. 1 99. 9

22. 5 9. 0 68. 5 100. 0

58. 8 29. 4 11. 8 100. 0 Decorativ e platin g Uncontrolle d Fum e suppressan t Fum e suppressan t an dmis t eliminato r Fum e suppressan t an dscrubbe r Scrubbe r Tota l
Har dplatin g Uncontrolle d Mis t eliminato r Scrubbe r Tota l Anodizin g Uncontrolle d Fum e suppressan t Scrubbe r Tota l 0 3 0 1 1 1 T5

1 0 1 4 T 5 0. 0 20. 0 0. 0 73. 3 6. 7 TOO

6. 7 0. 0 93. 3 TOO 1

1 8 T O

1 0 0 T 0. 0 16. 7 0. 0 66. 6 16. 7 100. 0

10. 0 10. 0 80. 0 TTTCO J

100. 0 0. 0 0. 0 TOO a.

C N T l