Diana Morris is the only appellant in this cause. Her husband did not file a notice of appeal 1

from the trial court’s order sustaining the contest to their affidavit of indigence.

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-08-00078-CV

Diana L. Morris a/k/a Diana Aguilar, Appellant

v.

Juan Aguilar and Margarita Aguilar, Appellees

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 250TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. D-1-FM-98-000103, HONORABLE W. JEANNE MEURER, JUDGE PRESIDING

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

This appeal arises out of a suit affecting the parent-child relationship (“SAPCR”)

involving appellant Diana Morris, her husband Phillip Morris, and her parents, appellees Juan and

Margarita Aguilar. After the trial court signed a SAPCR order on October 24, 2007, the Morrises 1

filed a timely request for findings of fact and conclusions of law. Appellant filed an affidavit of

indigence on November 16, 2007, stating that she and her husband earned about $4,000 a month, had

about $4,500 a month in expenses, and owed about $171,000 in debts, including student loans, child

support arrearage, attorney’s fees, and social security reimbursement. On December 20, 2007, the

court reporter filed a contest to the affidavit of indigence, stating that she had received the affidavit

on December 18, attaching a letter from appellant’s attorney dated December 18 and stating,
Appellees state in their response that appellant’s affidavit of indigence was never served 2

on them or their attorney, thus depriving them of “their right to challenge Appellant’s claim of

indigence.” Appellant’s affidavit included a certificate of service stating that the affidavit was served

on all parties in accordance with the rules of civil procedure on November 16, 2007, but in their

response, appellees state that they and their attorney “have no record of receiving the Affidavit of

Indigence except through a copy of the clerk’s record.” In her reply to appellees’ response, appellant

attaches a fax cover sheet from her attorney to appellee’s attorney dated November 17, 2007,

purporting to attach the affidavit, and showing that five pages were sent successfully to appellees’

counsel’s fax number.

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“Per your request, a copy of the affidavit of indigence is enclosed.” On December 20, the trial court

signed an order granting an extension of time to hold a hearing on the affidavit until January 3, 2008.

On January 3, after the hearing, the trial courtsigned an order sustaining the court reporter’s contest

and denying the affidavit of indigence. Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal from that order.

On appeal, appellant complains that the court reporter’s contest was filed too late, that

the trial court’s order did not state the court’s reasons for sustaining the contest and thus was in error,

and that the evidence produced at the hearing did not support the trial court’s decision to sustain the

contest. Appellees have responded, although they did not participate in the hearing on the contest

or file a contest themselves. We will consider appellees’ arguments despite their lack of 2

participation in the indigence hearing.

Appellant first complains that the court reporter’s contest was filed too late.

However, at the hearing on the court reporter’s contest, appellant did not protest that the contest was

filed too late or that the trial court should not be holding the contest. Instead, the only arguments

raised about the contest were related to the merits of the contest and the allegations in appellant’s

affidavit. Nor did appellant file any motion or other document with the trial court raising the issue

of the contest’s timeliness. Without having first raised this issue before the trial court, thus giving
 We note that two of our sister courts, when interpreting the old rules of appellate 3

procedure, applied rule 145 and held that if a trial court failed to provide reasons for upholding a

contest to an affidavit, the allegations should be deemed true. See Varkonyi v. Troche, 802 S.W.2d

63, 65 (Tex. App.—El Paso 1990, no writ); Cowen v. Cox, No. 01-92-01048-CV, 1993 Tex. App.

LEXIS 1835, at *7 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] July 1, 1993, no writ) (not designated for

publication). However, assuming those opinions were correct when decided, nothing in the current

rules of appellate procedure mandates such action. Rule 20.1 does not contain language that leads

us to apply the rules of civil procedure or any requirement not spelled out in rule 20.1. See

Baughman v. Baughman, 65 S.W.3d 309, 312-13 (Tex. App.—Waco 2001, pet. denied).

3

the court the opportunity to consider and correct any timeliness-related errors, appellant has not

preserved any error related to the untimely contest. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a) (record must show

complaint was clearly and specifically raised before trial court); Arkoma Basin Exploration Co.

v. FMF Assocs. 1990-A, Ltd., 249 S.W.3d 380, 387 (Tex. 2008) (“the cardinal rule for preserving

error is that an objection must be clear enough to give the trial court an opportunity to correct it”).

We overrule appellant’s issue related to the untimeliness of the contest.

Appellant next argues that the trial court’s order must be reversed because it does not

state the court’s reasons for sustaining the contest. She cites rule 145 of the rules of civil procedure,

which provides that if a trial court finds that a party seeking to proceed as an indigent can pay costs,

“[r]easons for such a finding must be contained in an order.” Tex. R. Civ. P. 145(d). However,

because this is an appeal, our decision is governed not by rule 145 but by rule 20.1 of the rules of

appellate procedure, which provides only that the trial court must sign a written order sustaining a

contest within a set time frame or the allegations of indigence are deemed true. Tex. R. App.

P. 20.1(i)(4); see Baughman v. Baughman, 65 S.W.3d 309, 312-13 (Tex. App.—Waco 2001,

pet. denied). Thus, the court did not err in failing to satisfy the requirements of rule 145. 3
4

Finally, appellant argues that the allegations in her affidavit were never controverted

and that the allegations and testimony at the hearing affirmatively demonstrated her inability to pay

costs and, thus, that the trial court abused its discretion in sustaining the contest.

Appellant contends that the allegations in her and her husband’s affidavit were not

controverted at the hearing and that the only evidence produced at the hearing further establishes her

indigence and inability to pay for the record on appeal. In the affidavit, appellant and her husband

averred that they earned about $4,000 a month, with possible weather-related decreases to his

construction income, and that they owned one vehicle worth $10,000 and had $480 in their checking

account. They further stated that they had two dependent children together, that she has two other

children for whom she pays child support, and that he has two children for whom he pays child

support. The Morrises stated that they had about $4,501 in monthly expenses, including rent,

phones, child care, utilities, child support totaling $430, student loan payments, and credit card

payments. They have about $171,269 in debts, including student loans, credit card debts,

attorney’s and witness fees owed by appellant to appellees’ attorney, and child support and social

security arreaeages. 

At the hearing, appellant testified that she and her husband had seven people in their

household and qualified for this Court’s pro bono pilot program, which accepts people whose income

falls under 175% of the federal poverty guidelines. Appellant has since clarified that although she

and her husband have five children between the two of them, only two of the children live with them.

Appellant explained that her husband was deaf and so they needed text-enabled cellular phones to

communicate. She also explained that they paid $30 a month for a toll tag so that her husband could
5

save money on gas and spend less time commuting to and from job sites. Appellant testified that

she had not sought a part-time job, stating that she had just had a baby recently, but that her husband

had. She said she and her husband had been denied a loan from banks and that her husband’s parents

were unable to give them a loan. She further testified that she and her husband had cable, a video

phone, and relay service and that those services were important because her husband used them to

communicate with his parents. Appellant said that she and her husband were making monthly

payments of $640 for their truck, which they bought in 2003, and that they “owe a little under

$8,000” on the averred $10,000 value. She testified that they were behind on their truck payments.

Asked whethershe’d be willing to make payments for the record on a schedule, she replied that she

and her husband could not afford it. Appellant’s husband testified that he did not believe he owed

as much child support or social security arrearages as he had been told, but as of the date of the

hearing, no changes or adjustments had been made. He testified that they were about eight months

away from paying off their truck and that he spent about $450 a month in gas and truck maintenance.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court said, “I certainly appreciate that you

have bills to pay. I do not find that there’s an indigency issue here for your ability to pay for the

record. If [the court reporter] is willing to also give it at a reduced rate, that is her decision. But the

Affidavit of Indigence is denied for the purpose of this hearing.”

As the supreme court has explained, “The test for determining indigence is

straightforward: ‘Does the record as a whole show by a preponderance of the evidence that the

applicant would be unable to pay the costs, or a part thereof, or give security therefor, if he really

wanted to and made a good-faith effort to do so?’” Higgins v. Randall County Sheriff’s Office,
6

257 S.W.3d 685, 687 (Tex. 2008) (quoting Pinchback v. Hockless, 164 S.W.2d 19, 20 (Tex. 1942)).

We review a trial court’s decision to sustain a contest to an affidavit of indigence for an abuse of

discretion, asking whether the court’s decision was arbitrary or unreasonable or made without

reference to any guiding rules or principles. Few v. Few, 271 S.W.3d 341, 345 (Tex. App.—El Paso

2008, pet. denied).

Based on this record, although we are sympathetic to the situation of appellant and

her husband, we cannot hold that the trial court clearly abused its discretion in determining that, if

they really wanted to, appellant and her husband could arrange to pay for the reporter’s record in

some fashion. Although their bills seemed to be greater than their income at the time of the hearing,

appellant and her husband included in their bills several non-necessities that they could have cut if

they needed to, they drove a truck with a substantial monthly payment, and they spent significant

sums every month on gas and truck maintenance. Appellant flatly denied that they could consider

making payments on the reporter’s record, but her husband testified that although they had recently

had financial set-backs, appellant “has achieved a good job. Things are starting to get better, but

slowly.” He also testified that when they fell behind on their truck payment, he made “some catchup payment and we shuffled funds the best that we could.” Although appellant stated that her

household consisted of two adults and five children, she clarified that only two of the children were

living at home and that she and her husband were paying monthly child support for four other

children totaling $430. As appellees note in their letter brief on appeal, several of the Morrises’

expenses are for items that they find useful but that are not truly necessities, largely those related to

appellant’s husband’s deafness. And, appellant, although required by a trial court judgment to pay
 Although the trial court did not make findings of fact or conclusions of law or explain its 4

ruling at the hearing, other than to say it recognized that appellant had many bills to pay, appellant

did not request findings of fact or conclusions of law or protest any lack of explanation.

7

for appellees’ attorney’s fees and to pay child support to appellees, has not yet made any payments

on those debts. 

We cannot conclude that no reasonable person could have concluded that appellant

and her husband, had they really wanted to, could have made arrangements to pay for the reporter’s

record out of their $4,000 monthly pay. See Higgins, 257 S.W.3d at 687. We can reach no other 4

conclusion than to affirm the trial court’s order sustaining the contest to appellant’s affidavit.

__________________________________________

David Puryear, Justice

Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Puryear and Pemberton

Affirmed

Filed: July 9, 2010