NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-53

"PATHFINDER"--A TBAJECTORY PREDICTION

SYSTEM FOR THE GREAT LARES

David J. Schwab

John R. Bennett

Edward W. Lynn

Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory

Ann Arbor, Michigan

ay 1984

UNITED 8TATB

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND Environmental Research

ATMOSPHERIC AOMlNlSTRATtON Laboratories

John V. Byrne, Vernon E. Oarr

Administrator Oirector
NOTICE

Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute

an endorsement by NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories.

Use for publicity or advertising purposes of information from

this publication concerning proprietary products or the tests

of such products is not authorized.
CONTENTS

Abstract

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

3. WIND INPUT

4. THE NUMERICAL CIRCULATION MODEL

5. CURRENT DISPLAYS

6. INITIAL SPILL INFORMATION

7. THE TRAJECTORY MODEL

8. TRAJECTORY DISPLAYS

9. COMPUTATIONAL GRIDS

10. REFERENCES

Appendix A--ANNOTATED SAMPLE OF THE TRAJECTORY PREDICTION SYSTEM

Page

1

4

4

6

6

7

8

9

10

iii
FIGURES

1. Lake Superior lo-km grid.

2. Lake Michigan lo-km grid.

3. Lake Huron lo-km grid.

4. Lake St. Clair 1.2-km grid.

5. Lake Erie S-km grid.

6. Lake Ontario S-km grid.

Page

5

5

5

5

5

5

iv
"PATHFINDER" --A TRAJECTORY PREDICTION

SYSTEM FOR THE GREAT LAKES*

David J. Schwab, John R. Bennett, and Edward W. Lynn

This report describes a series of computer programs that can

be used interactively to simulate currents and particle trajectories on the Great Lakes. The user of the programs supplies

meteorological data and initial particle locations. The programs

allow the user to examine predicted currents, particle locations,

and particle paths in several different formats.

1. INTRODUCTION

The "PATHFINDER" trajectory prediction system is a series of six FORTRAN

interactive computer programs that allow a user to predict the movement of

drifting particles in the Great Lakes. These particle trajectories can be

used to estimate the motion of spilled oil, a disabled vessel, or imaginary

markers used to illustrate the lake's currents. For the purposes of this

report, we will refer to any of these types of targets simply as "spills."

The system requires the user to specify wind speed and direction at 6-h intervals for 24 h previous to and 24 h following the spill. (There is an option

to extend the post-spill prediction up to 672 h in 24-h increments.) Calculation of lake currents for the entire prediction period are based on these

winds. The user can then specify up to nine spills by specifying their initial locations and the relative amounts of wind and currents influencing their

motion. The tracks of the spills are calculated and the user can examine the

results in a variety of formats.

The system wss developed in response to the needs of the National Weather

Service (NWS), U.S. Coast Guard, and NOAA personnel for lake current information to aid them in forecasting the movement of hazardous material spills

and in search and rescue operations. Currents in the Great Lakes are largely

driven by wind, unlike currents on ocean coasts, which are also driven by

tides, or currents in channels and estuaries, which are hydraulically driven.

Because lake currents are complicated and can change rapidly in response to

the wind, it is difficult to describe them in terms of only a few simple patterns. Therefore an automatic system was developed to calculate circulation

patterns.

Several oil spill simulation models that could be used on the Great Lakes

are available (Simons et aZ., 1975; Torgrimson, 1983; Hess, 1983), but none

has the capability to simulate the time-dependent large-scale circulation of

the lakes that can determine the movement of a spill. In 1979 the Great Lakes

Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) began a project to couple lake circulation prediction with trajectory prediction (Boyd, 1979). The operational

spill model developed and tested (Pickett, 1983) in that project has been used

*GLERL Contribution No. 414.

1
by the Coast Guard and NWS since 1980. Recently, GLERL developed and tested a

series of numerical circulation and trajectory prediction models (Schwab et

at., 1981; Bennett er at., 1983; Schwab, 1983; Bennett et aZ.. 1984) that have

the potential to forecast large-scale circulation patterns and the trajectories of drifting particles in the lakes even more accurately than earlier

models. This report describes an interactive system that uses these improved

methods.

2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The "PATHFINDER" system is made up of six computer programs. The first

program obtains wind information from the user. The second program numerically models lake circulation. The third program allows the user to examine

currents calculated by the circulation model. The fourth program asks for the

initial locations of the spills to be tracked. The fifth program uses currents and wind to calculate spill trajectories. The sixth program allows the

user to examine the calculated trajectories. The programs are written in VAX

FORTRAN 77. The source code for the programs is available upon request to the

authors. Although the system consists of six separate programs, the computer

runs the consecutive programs automatically so that the transition from one

program to the next is invisible to the user.

The first program asks for the name and agency of the user, the start

date and time for the run, and the wind direction and speed for the previous

24 h and for up to 672 additional hours (28 days). The date is used only for

putting a time tag on wind prompting messages and output displays. The

program checks for valid month (l-12). day, year (1900-19991, and hour (O-23).

The program prompts for wind direction and wind speed at 6-h intervals for the

previous 24 h and the next 24 h. Wind direction is in degrees (0"-360', 0' =

wind from the north) and wind speed is in knots (O-100). If the user wants to

interpolate for wind direction and speed, i.e., specify only the -18-h and

-6-h values of speed and direction and let the program determine the -12-h

values, the "/" (slash) character should be entered instead of direction and

speed for the -12-h values. After 48 h of wind data have been entered, the

user is given the option of extending the run by another 24 h. The program

can accommodate up to 27 extensions. After all the wind data are typed in, a

table of wind speed and direction is produced and the user is given the option

of changing any erroneous values. Appendix A contains an example of a model

run illustrating the wind input phase of the system for a 96-h run.

The second program is the numerical circulation model. The details of

the numerical methods used in the program are described in Schwab et ~2.

(1981). Some of the assumptions and limitations of the circulation model are

discussed in section 4.

The third program allows the user to examine currents calculated by the

second program (the numerical circulation model). It can display maps of

current speed, current direction, or streamline patterns. (Current vectors

are parallel to streamlines.) It can also produce a time series of current

speed and direction at a specific point in the lake. For time series data,

the program checks whether the specified latitude and longitude are both

2
within the computational grid. If they are not, an error message is printed

and the program asks for another location. If the user elects to have maps

printed, a list of times for which maps are required may be entered, allowing

the user to leave the terminal while the maps print out. For time series

data, the currents are interpolated to the exact coordinates requested. The

maps for current speed, direction, and streamlines show values at the corners

of the grid boxes.

The fourth program asks the user for information about the spills to be

tracked. If the user designates a given spill as "leaking," the program

introduces one new particle into the lake at the specified position every 3 h

for the duration of the run; otherwise a single particle is released at the

spill location at time zero. The program checks whether the initial locations

are within the computational grid and issues an error message if they are not.

The maximum number of spills the program will accept is nine and the maximum

total number of particles 1,000.

The fifth program calculates the trajectories of the marker particles

according to the percentages of wind and current effect the user specified.

The numerical methods used in this program are described in Bennett et at.

(1983). Some of the limitations of this technique are discussed in section 7.

The final program allows the user to examine the particle trajectories

through a square viewing window (or subgrid). The user must specify the

latitude and longitude of the center of the subgrid and the size of the

subgrid in nautical miles. The program checks whether the center of the

subgrid is in a lake grid square and issues an error message if it is not.

The user is then given the option to see a depth map of the chosen subgrid.

Particle trajectories can be viewed either as a map of the locations of all

the drifting particles at a specified time or the track of an individusl particle from the time of release to the end of the run. If the user chooses to

examine a map of particle locations, he/she can pick which of the spills

should be included in the display. The user can also alter the sire and location of the subgrid at any time, allowing "close-ups" of critical areas.

If the user would like to use a different set of initial spill locations

with the same winds (and currents). it is possible to restart the system with

the fourth program. It is also possible to keep the same spill locations and

change the winds (and currents).

3. WIND INPUT

After the user enters the lake name, his/her name and agency, and the

starting date and time for the run, the "PATHFINDER" system asks for values of

wind direction and speed at 6-h intervals. If some values are not available,

the programs will interpolate between values. Although the program has the

capability to incorporate spatially variable wind fields, the operational version uses a uniform wind over the entire lake. This wind should be chosen to

be representative of the region of interest.

3
The program also has the capability to adjust wind measurements for

height and stability, but again these features are not used in the operational

system. We have assumed that the winds provided by the user are representative overwater winds at 5 m (16 ft) above the water surface under neutral

conditions (air temperature equal to water temperature). If the available

wind measurements are from a different height above the water, if the winds

are overland winds, or if the overlake air temperature is quite different from

the water temperature, the wind speed should be adjusted accordingly. That

is, measurements from less than 5 m should be increased, measurements from

greater than 5 m should be decreased, and overland winds should generally be

increased. (See Schwab and Morton, 1984.)

4. THE NUMERICAL CIRCULATION MODEL

When the message "CALCULATING CURRENTS . . . PLEASE STAND BY" is printed,

the numerical circulation model is running. The details of the numerical circulation model are fully described in Schwab et ~2. (1981). Some minor modifications to program RLID described in that report have been made to eliminate

the printed output from the program and to interface with the other programs

in the system. The circulation model is a vertically integrated, two-dimensional model. This means that the calculated currents are vertically averaged

over the depth of the water column. In real lakes, the surface current can

differ from the vertically averaged current because of wind-induced shear near

the surface or temperature stratification. These effects are not included in

the RLID model.

It was stated in section 1 that Great Lakes currents are wind driven.

Yet sometimes even when the wind is strong, the currents in the shallow

nearshore region can also be significantly influenced by incoming waves.

Waves approaching the shoreline at an angle tend to set up a shore-parallel

current that is stronger for larger angles of approach. These effects are not

included in the RLID model either.

Islands are included in the model as grid squares with very shallow water

depth because if the islands were treated as land, the boundary condition on

the shore of the island would require a more complicated numerical method.

This means that sometimes the simulation might say that the currents or wind

carries a spill right through the island.

5. CURRENT DISPLAYS

After currents are calculated by the circulation model, the user has the

option of examining the forecast currents either as maps of current speed,

direction, and streamlines at a given time or as a time series of current

speed and direction at a given point. In the maps, current speed, direction,

and stream function values at the corners of the grid boxes are displayed as

shown in appendix A. The lake grids are described in section 9 and shown in

figures 1-6.

4
FIGURE I.--Lake Superior IO-km grid.

FIGURE 3.--Lake h’uron IO-km grid.

FIGURE 2.--Lake Michigan IO-km grid.

FIGURE 4.--Lake St. Ci!air 1.2-km grid.

FIGURE S.--Lake Erie 5-km grid. FIGURE 6.--Lake Ontario 5-km grid.

5
For current speed and direction, the east-west and north-south components

of the current vector are calculated from the computed stream function field

at the centers of the eastern and northern sides of the grid boxes, respectively. The components are then interpolated to the corners of the grid boxes

as described in Bennett et at. (1983) for the particle trajectory model.

Speed and direction are then calculated from the interpolated components.

Note that current direction means the direction the current is coming from

(meteorological convention, O" = from the north).

The current streamline map shows normalized values of the transport

stream function at grid box corners. The values are normalized by the maximum

absolute value of transport stream function. These maps are useful for

getting a picture of the lakewide circulation pattern since currents are

everywhere parallel to contour lines of the stream function, with the current

flowing in the direction that puts higher values of stream function on the

right. In the sample run shown in appendix A, contour lines have been drawn

on the stream function map to indicate the circulation pattern. The contour

lines are similar to isobars on a barometric pressure map. On the stream

function map in appendix A, contours have been drawn for stream function

values -50, 0, and 50.

6. INITIAL SPILL INFORMATION

After the user specifies the initial latitude and longitude of each

spill, the program asks whether the spill is leaking or not. For most applications, an all-at-once spill (not leaking) is the best choice since it

simplifies the displays of forecast spill locations considerably. If a

leaking spill is chosen, a particle is released from the initial spill location every 3 h and tracked for the duration of the run. The sample run in

appendix A illustrates a leaking spill in spill number 8.

The program then asks if the user wants to use standard wind and current

effects (wind = 2 percent, current = 100 percent). If the answer is *no," the

program asks the user to specify values for wind and current effect. The particle velocity is then the sum of the wind effect times the wind velocity plus

the current effect times the current velocity. Since the circulation model

only gives the vertically averaged current, some of the difference between

surface current and vertically averaged current is empirically accounted for

in the default factors of 2-percent wind effect and loo-percent current

effect. For objects with a large windage (such as ships adrift), a higher

wind effect should be specified. The current effect should generally be left

at 100 percent.

7. TEE TRAJECTORY MODEL

The trajectory model uses currents from the numerical lake circulation

model and the winds specified by the user to predict the movement of spills in

the lakes. When the message "CALCULATING TRAJECTORIES . . . PLEASE STAND BY"

is printed, the trajectory model is running. The details of the numerical

method and the computer program are given in Bennett et at. (1983). A few

6
minor modifications have been made to the computer program PARTIC described in

that report to make it compatible with the "PATHFINDER" system. The main

assumptions about physical processes in the model are that

(1) The particles move with the vertically averaged current (optionally

multiplied by a specified factor) plus some user-supplied fraction of

the wind.

(2) When the particles are driven by currents alone (zero wind effect),

they do not cross the shore boundary.

(3) When the particles are driven onshore by wind, they stay there.

(4) Within the large model time step (3 h for the "PATHFINDER" system),

the current and wind stay constant (at their values at the middle of

the time step).

The particle trajectory program is very versatile; its applications are potentially much broader than the "PATHFINDER" system. For other applications, the

reader is encouraged to read Bennett et at. (1983).

8. TRAJECTORY DISPLAYS

The trajectory display program allows the user to view the results of the

trajectory forecasts through a square window (or subgrid) that can be moved

and changed in size at any time. The user is first asked to specify the latitude and longitude of the subgrid center. The center must be located in the

lake. (See figs. l-6.) The user can then change the size of the subgrid from

the default value of 60-by-60 nautical miles if necessary. The subgrid is

divided by the computer into a 30-by-30 array of square cells; the cell size

for a 60-nautical-mile subgrid is thus 2 nautical miles by 2 nautical miles.

When locations of the spills are displayed, the program only shows which cell

they are in. Therefore a large subgrid covers more area, but is not as precise in locating spills since particles are only located to the nearest grid

cell.

After the user has decided on the center and size of the subgrid, he/she

can examine a depth map of the subgrid area. In the map, the difference between the maximum and minimum depths in the subgrid is divided into five equal

parts and the symbols O-4 are used to represent a depth in one of these five

categories. One symbol is printed for each of the 30-by-30 array of cells in

the subgrid. Land is indicated by an "=" symbol.

The program then prints a menu of options for examining particle trajectory forecasts in the subgrid. The user can look at either the locations of

specified spills at a given time or the track of a specified spill as a function of time. If the spill location option is chosen, the user is asked to

enter the identifying numbers of the spills to be plotted (l-9) and then a

list of times. One map will be printed for each specified time. If the initial location of one of the spills falls within the subgrid area, it is indicated on the map by a letter (A-Z). If more than one spill and/or initial

7
location falls within the same subgrid cell, another letter (A-Z) is used and

an entry is made in the list at the top of the map explaining the meaning of

that letter. For instance, if the list looks like

A = ORIGIN OF SPILL 1

B - A,l,

The initial location of spill 1 and its current position both fall in the cell

on the subgrid containing the letter B on the map. The sample run in appendix

A contains several examples of multiple overlapping spill locations and origins.

For individual spill tracks, the position of the spill is plotted every 3

h from the time of release to the end of the run. The positions are indicated

by the numbers O-9. If more than 10 positions are to be plotted, the numbers

repeat. See appendix A for a sample plot of an individual spill track.

In both the spill location and spill track maps, land cells and islands

are indicated by an -=- symbol. If a spill has hit land, the spill number

(I-9) for spill location plots or position number (O-9) for spill track plots

is replaced by a letter (A-Z) and the letter is set off with an asterisk ("*")

in the list at the top of the map.

9. COMPUTATIONAL GRIDS

The computational grids used by the model for Lakes Superior, Michigan,

Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario are shown in figures 1-6. The upper lakes

(Superior, Michigan, and Huron) have IO-km grids; the lower lakes (Erie and

Ontario) have S-km grids; and Lake St. Clair has a 1.2-k" grid. Islands are

indicated by grid squares with an "X" in them. As mentioned above, the

islands are represented as grid squares with very shallow depths. The figures

show the relation between the computational grid boundary and the actual

shoreline of the lake. The user should be aware of the difference between the

two shorelines because all calculations in the "PATHFINDER" system are based

on the computational grid. If a spill hits the boundary of the grid, it is

considered beached, even though it may not have reached the actual shoreline.

When the spill locations are examined in program DSPLAY, the computational

grid boundaries are used to determine which parts of the subgrid are land and

which parts are water. The grid sires for the various lakes were chosen as an

acceptable compromise between realistic resolution of the shoreline and computational speed. Higher resolution grids can be accommodated for special

applications or on a more powerful computer system.

8
10. REFERENCES

Bennett, J. R., Clites, A. H., and Schwab, D. J. (1983): A two-dimensional

lake circulation modeling system: Programs to compute particle trajectories and the motion of dissolved substances, NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL

GLERL-46, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.

22161. 51 pp.

Bennett, J. R., Clites, A. H., and Campbell, J. E. (1984): Accuracy of trajectory calculations in a finite difference lake circulation. J. Camp.

Phys. (In review).

Boyd, J. D. (1979): A surface spill model for the Great Lakes, GLERL Open

File Rept., Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor,

Mich. 48 PP.

Hess, K. W. (1983): Simulation of spilled oil behavior in bays and coastal

waters, NOAA Techniques Development Laboratory Computer Program NWS CP

83-2, Techniques Development Laboratory, Silver Springs, Md. 21 pp.

Pickett, R. L. (1983): Great Lakes spill model, GLERL Open File Rept., Great

Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Mich. 25 PP.

Schwab, D. J. (1983): Numerical simulation of low-frequency current fluctuations in Lake Michigan. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 13:2213-2224.

Schwab, D. J., Bennett, J. R., and Jessup, A. T. (1981): A two-dimensional

lake circulation modeling system, NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL GLERL-38, National

Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22161. 79 p p .

Schwab, D. J., and Morton, J. A. (1984): Estimation of overlske wind speed

from overland wind speed: A comparison of three methods. J. Great Lakes

Res. 10:68-72.

Simons, T. J., Beal, G. S., Beal, K., El-Shaarawi, A. H., and Murty, T. S.

(1975): Operational model for predicting the movement of oil in Canadian

navigable waters, Manuscript Rept. Series, No. 37, Marine Sciences

Directorate, Dept. of the Environment, Ottawa, Ont., Canada. 30 pp.

Torgrimson, G. M. (1983): A comprehensive model for oil spill simulation. In

Proceedings of the 1983 Oil Spill Conference, pp. 423-420. American

Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.

9
Appendix A.--ANNOTATED SAMPLE OF THE TRAJECTORY PREDICTION SYSTEM

10
RPPENDIX FI - RNNOTFITED SRMPLE OF THE TRRJECTORY PREDICTION SYSTEM

This appendix contains a sample run of the ‘PATHFINDER’ trqectory

prediction system on the GLERL computer. User responses in the sample below

are underlined but in an actual run they are not. All user responses end

with a carriage return. Numbers on the right side of the page refer to

footnotes below.

Footnotes

GREFlT LFlKES ENVIRONMENTRL RESEFiRCH LFlBORFlTORY VFIX 11/780

Username:-

GREFlT LRKES ENVIRONMENTRL RESEFIRCH LFlBORFITORY

PClTHFINDER TRRJECTORY PREDICTION SYSTEM

REVISION 2.0 3/84

(1)

(2)

IN CASE OF FI SPILL OR SEFlRCH FlND RESCUE OPERATION

CFlLL FTS 378-2069 OR COMMERCIClL 313-668-2069

TO BCICKSPFICE, USE THE KEY OR COMBINFiTION OF KEYS ON YOUR TERMINRL THRT

GENERRTES RN WC11 RUBOUT CODE. TO RBORT THE RUN, USE THE CTRL-Y COMBINflTION.

ENTER LFIKE NQME: MICHIGFlN (3)

PLERSE ENTER YOUR NAME FIND RGENCY (E.G. RODSTEIN/NOflfA)

RODSTEIN/NOQR

DO YOU WRNT DETFlILED INSTRUCTIONS aBOUT HOW TO

USE THIS PROGRFlM ? (INPUT Y...OR...N)

No

INPUT STFlRTING DATE FIND TIME RS MONTH, DRY, YERR, HOUR (B-23).

THIS WILL BE HOUR 0 (ZERO) (E.G. 7,28,1983,14)

3.27.1902.2

INPUT WINDS (DIRECTION,SPEED) IN DEGREES RND KNOTS (E.G. 270,10)

TYPE ‘/’ FOR LINERR INTERPOLRTION

INPUT WIND FIT -24 HOURS 3/26/1982 2:00

136.

INPUT WIND RT -18 HOURS 3/26/1982 8:00

138.

INPUT WIND FIT - 1 2 HOURS 312611982 14:00

u

INPUT WIND FIT - 6 HOURS 3/26/1982 20:00

1BB.

INPUT WIND FIT 0 HOURS 3/27/1982 2:00

98.23

INPUT WIND FIT 6 HOURS 3/27/1982 8:00

90.19

INPUT WIND FIT 12 HOURS 3/27/1982 14:00

98.14

INPUT WIND FIT 18 HOURS 3/27/1982 20:00

68.16

INPUT WIND FIT 24 HOURS 3/28/1982 2:00

18.17

IS FI FORECRST LONGER THRN 24 HOURS DESIRED?

(INPUT Y...OR...N)

yEJ

FORECRST WILL BE EXTENDED TO 48 HOURS

11

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)
INPUT WIND FIT 30 HOURS 3/28/1982 a:00

368.

INPUT WIND AT 36 HOURS 3/28/1982 14100

366.

INPUT WIND RT 42 HOURS 3/28/1982 20100

396.

INPUT WIND FIT 48 HOURS 3/29/1982 2100

16.16

IS !A FORECRST LONGER THFlN 48 HOURS DESIRED?

(INPUT Y...OR...N)

YES

FORECRST WILL BE EXTENDED TO 72 HOURS

INPUT WIND FIT 54 HOURS 3/29/1982 8100

38.14

INPUT WIND FIT 60 HOURS 312911982 14100

&&&!

INPUT WIND AT 66 HOURS 3/29/1982 20:00

m

INPUT WIND AT 72 HOURS 313011982 2:00

98.16

IS FI FORECOST LONGER THRN 72 HOURS DESIRED?

(INPUT Y...OR...N)

y&

FORECFlST WILL BE EXTENDED TO 96 HOURS

INPUT WIND FIT 78 HOURS 3/30/1982 8100

148.

INPUT WIND AT 84 HOURS 3/30/1982 14r00

148.

INPUT WIND QT 90 HOURS 3/30/1982 20:00

m

INPUT WIND FIT 96 HOURS 3/31/1982 2100

118.8

IS FI FORECFlST LONGER THFIN 96 HOURS DESIRED?

(INPUT Y...OR...N)

Footnotes

(8)

(9)

No

HOUR

-24

-18

-12

-6

0

6

12

18

24

30

36

42

48

54

60

66

72

78

a4

90

96

DRTE TIME WIND DIR. WIND SPEED

3/26/1982 2r00 130 10.0

3/26/1982 8:00 130 12.0

3/26/1902 14100 125 12.0

3/26/1982 20:00 100 14.0

3/27/ 1902 2r00 90 23.0

312711902 a:00 90 19.0

3/27/1982 14800 90 14.0

3/27/1902 20:00 60 10.0

3/20/1982 2r00 10 17.0

3/2a/i982 8100 360 23.0

3/20/ 1902 14~00 360 21.0

3/2a/i902 20:00 350 21.0

3/29/ 1902 2:00 10 16.0

312911902 a:00 30 14.0

3/29/1902 14r00 a0 6.0

3/29/1982 20:00 70 6.0

3/36/1902 2r00 90 10.0

3mv1982 a:00 140 14.0

3/30/1982 14100 140 14.0

3/30/ 1902 20:00 135 10.0

3/31/1982 2800 110 a. 0

(10)

12
IS WIND DRTCl O.K.? (INPUT Y...OR...N)

~ZCUL~~TING CURRENT S. ..PLERSE STFlND B Y

DO YOU W&NT TO SEE FlNY CURRENTS?

(ENTER Y.. .OR.. .N)

YES

ENTER C IF YOU WCINT TO SEE CURRENT SPEED MFlP

ENTER D IF YOU WflNT TO SEE CURRENT DIRECTION MGP

ENTER E IF YOU WFlNT TO SEE CURRENT STREAMLINE M(FIP

ENTER T IF YOU WFINT TO SEE R TIMESERIES OF CURRENT SPEED,

RND DIRECTION FIT FI GIVEN LOCClTION

ENTER 0 IF NO MORE CURRENTS FIRE DESIRED

ENTER THE TIME(S) IN HOURS (0- 96) RFTER THE STRRT TIME

3/27/1922 2100 F\T WHICH YOU WRNT TO SEE CURRENT SPEED MRP

YOU MRY MRKE UP TO 25 ENTRIES, ONE ENTRY PER LINE

LEND THE LIST WITH - 1

25

II

13

Footnotes

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)
CURRENT SPEEDS IN TENTHS OF KNOTS CIT 96 HOURS 3/31/1982 2:00

************+**********~~*~**~ ~** *****************************~****~*~****

********************~******************~*********~****************************

*****************************************~**********~  1 1 0 1 1 i** *

*****+************************************ 22111110000 0

****************************** 0 0*** 2 2 1 111110100 0

C t** ******************* 0001100111121100 0

 +** ************** 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 0 0 0***

****************** 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 0******

***+************** 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0***

*************** 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0***

************ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0*****+***

*******+  1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 ~** *****r 

** i********* 1 0 1*** 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 3 0 0 1 1 1**+*******+*

****it*** 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 r** *****

****** 0 0 0 0*** 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0************

*** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 ++ 1 1 ~** r*********

*** 0 0 0*** 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0******************+***********

*** 0 GJ****** 0 1 Ql 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0******+***********************

************ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0**+*****+************************

************ 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0*********************************

************ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0****************+****************

************ 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0*********************************

************ 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0************************************

.******** 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 +** *****************************

*******i+ 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 l*****+*********************************

****** 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0**********i +** *********************

****** 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 l*******************************~*******

it***** 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 l***********X***************************

****** 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l******+********************************

****** 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 l**+**********+*************************

*** 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1***************************************

*** 0 0 0 Ql 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2************************************

*** 0 0 0 @I 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2**********+****+*t******************

*** 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 ~**************+******************

*** 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 ~***********i*********************

*** 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 j********X************************

*** 1000011001 1 1 1 l**************+******************

+** 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 l*********************************

*** 10011111 1 1 1 1 1 l**************+******************

*** 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 ~***********i*********************

+** 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 ~***+*******+*********************

*** 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l**+******************************

*** 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 ~*********************************

*** 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 ~******+ +** **+****************

*** 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0***************+********************

****** 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0************************************

****** 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0******++*****l*************************

********* 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0**********i****************************

**i***+** 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 l******************************************

********* 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2*********************************************

************ 2 2 2 2 2 ~+**************+*1***~**~***~******~*~**********

***+*+********* 1 1 l l** ++**,***+*+***********~*~****~ ~** ******~**~

14
ENTER C IF YOU UFINT TO SEE CURRENT SPEED PlFIp

ENTER D IF YW WNT TO SEE CURRENT DIRECTION MFK,

ENTER E IF YW WFINT TO SEE CURRENT GTRERMLINE MRP

ENTER T IF YW WRNT TO SEE 13 TIMESERIES OF CURRENT SPEED,

RND DIRECTION FIT 13 GIVEN LOCFlTION

ENTER Q IF NO MORE CURRENTS RRE DESIRED Footnotes

0 (15)

ENTER THE TIME(S) IN HWRS (0- 96) AFTER THE STFIRT TIME

31271192.2 2100 FIT WHICH YW WFINT TO SEE CURRENT DIRECTION MRP

YW MRY MFlKE UP TO 25 ENTRIES, ONE ENTRY PER LINE

END THE LIST WITH -1

15
~~ziroNNrmlvN--rrr

tttt~Y”““““““““-“~~~~

******~mNNrrrrrrrrrrr

kit

******NBBB~~*~~~~~~~~ ********

********lurom ********-pm ***********

;;;;=;;Elt 2

***********

***********

ttfXtZZ

***********

***********

***********

***********

*********** tttttt:

***********

***********

***********

tttttET

***********

***********

tttttXX

***********

***********

ttttttt

***********

*******

***********

***********

:tttttt

*********** tX2ttt2 ***********

***********

***********

rtttt:t

***********

***********

rttttXt

***********

***********

tr:tttt

*********** ttttttt

***********

***********

***********

t:::ttr

***********

***********

tttttz:

***********

I-

rr

,,,

**

***

**

**

***

**

**

**

**

**

***

**

**

***

**

**

***

**

**

***

**

**

***

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**
ENTER C IF YOU WFlNT TO GEE CURRENT SPED w

ENTER D IF YOU WRNT TO SEE CURRENT DIRECTION bl14J

ENTER E IF YW WQNT TO SEE CURRENT STRECIMLINE MRP

ENTER T IF YW WRNT TO SEE R TIMESERIES OF CURRENT SPEED,

AND DIRECTION FIT CI GIVEN LOCRTION

ENTER Q IF NO MORE CURRENTS ARE DESIRED

E

ENTER THE TIME(G) IN HWKG (0- 96) FlFTER THE STQRT TIME

3/27/1982 2100 AT WHICH YOU WfflT TO SEE CURRENT STRERNLIM MAP

YW MRY MRKE UP TO 25 ENTRIES, ONE ENTRY PER LINE

END THE LIST WITH -1

26

-1

Footnotes

(16)

17
STRERM FUNCTION FIS FI PERCENT OF MFIXIMUM FIBSOLUTE VRLUE 0.2063E+06 M*+3/SEC

RT 96 HOURS 3/31/1982 2:00

**t**********~**+*******~*~~*****~*****~**~***~*****~***~******~**********~**~

******+*+******+********~~*~**************************************************

*******+~******t*****~**~~*******~*********************** 0 0 0 0 0

**C****************+********************** 0 0 0 0 0 0-2-1-2-

************++*+***+********* *

*********l*****+***********

****************+i*** 0 0 0 0 0

*******+********** 0 0 -3 -3

4 0 0***

*************** 0 0 0 0 0***

**x********* 0 0 0 0*********

++t++++t+ii+ 0 -3 0 0 0 6 4 0 4 0***********+

0 -1 0************

0 -1 0************

0 5 0*******+****

++* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 10 0 0**** 0 0 0+**+********

tie 0 0 0r+r 0 0 1 la 1

*+* 0 0+*+*+* 0 0 25 15 1 0 0****+***+*c**+****************

 +** ***** 0 0 0 -10 -9 0*+*******************************

 +** ***** 0 3 14 I +** ***********x*************

***+******** 0 -1 7

************ 0 5 10

i*+++*++++t+ 0 a

****++*** 0 0 2 1 0 0*****i********+*********************

*******ii 0 1 29 -11 0***+***********************************

es**** 0 0 4 26 12 -3 24 -4 B++t+i++++i+++i~i++++++il+++ilit+ii*++++

****** 0 5 10 -5 a -a 0i+~*++++it+*i+i+ii+*~****~ ~~** *****

****ii 0 5 27-24 -9 -7 BC+I~+II++++I+I+ICII+i++*+*+i+++++i++i++

****** 0 12 42-32-1!j -5 O*+~+*i++i*+C++++++i*+++++i+ii+ii+++i+++

****** 0

-9-12-16-23

3 -7 0 +** +*++***+******************

a -9 ~t+t+i+++iiii++*+~+++i*+*i++++*i++

5 -7 0***i***+*+***********************

3 -7 0***t*****************************

a -4 ~++++i++ii+i+++ii+++~********~~***

*** 0 6 12 3 2 -3 0*********************************

*+* 0 61525 21-14 -6 -1 0 O*+~+++++++i*i+iii+*++++++i+*+++i+

0***+***********i********************

0 +** i+*****+*********************

 +** ***********i*******************

++*+*+**+ 0 5 19 36 35 15 0 0**+************************************

***++++++ 0 4 14 25 26 13 10 0 O++++*++i~++*+i++++i~***~*~**************~*

i**)+i+wt+ 0 0 6 13 10 7 0 B*+i++++++*++*t+**ii*~**~*~~**********~*~*~***

******Y**+** 0 0 4 0 0 0+*+t****l +** ***+++++++++II+IcI++x++*********

*************** 0 0 0**t*****+C***+ +** **X+X++++++I*******~*****~*

18
ENTER C IF YOU WRNT TO SEE CURRENT SPEED MCIP

ENTER D IF YOU WRNT TO SEE CURRENT DIRECTION MRP

ENTER E IF YW WRNT TO SEE CURRENT STRERMLINE MAP

ENTER T IF YOU WONT TO SEE R TIMESERIES OF CURRENT SPEED,

RND DIRECTION FIT FI GIVEN LOCFlTION

ENTER Q IF NO MORE CURRENTS FlRE DESIRED

I

INPUT LRTITUDE OF POINT FIT WHICH YOU WWT TO SEE TINE SERIES

IN DEG,MIN,.SEC (E. 0. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMRL DEGREES (E.G. 44.1,0,0)

42.47.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF POINT FIT WHICH YOU WFlNT TO GEE TIME SERIES

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E.G. 84, la, 30)

OR IN DECIMRL DEGREES (E.G. 04.35,0,0)

87.23,49

ORIGIN OF TIME SERIES LOCATION

LFlTITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.0 MIN

HOUR DOTE TIME CURRENT SPEEDtKNOTS) CURRENT DIR. (DEG)

0 3/27/1902 2:00 0 . 0 332.

3 3/27/1982 5:00 0 . 0 337.

6 3/27/1982 a:00 0 . 0 343.

9 3/27/1982 ii:00 0 . 0 348.

12 3/27/1982 14:00 0 . 0 352.

15 3/27/1982 17:00 0 . 0 355.

l a 3/27/1982 20:00 0 . 0 358.

21 3/27/1982 23:00 0 . 0 4.

24 3/28/1982 2:00 0 . 0 20.

27 3/28/1982 5:00 0 . 0 63.

30 3/28/1982 a:00 0 . 0 100.

33 3/28/1902 11:00 0 . 0 112.

36 3/28/1982 14:00 0.1 117.

39 3/28/1982 17:00 0.1 121.

42 3/28/1982 20:00 0.1 125.

45 3/28/1982 23:00 0.1 129.

48 3/29/1902 2:00 0.1 132.

51 3/29/i982 5:00 0.1 137.

54 3/29/i982 a:00 0.1 142.

57 3/29/1982 ii:00 0.1 140.

60 3/29/1982 14:00 0.1 154.

63 3/29/1982 17:00 0.1 161.

66 3/29/1982 20:00 0.1 162..

69 3/29/1982 23:00 0.1 176.

72 j/30/1982 2:00 0.1 103.

7s 3/30/1982 5:00 0.1 109.

78 3/30/1982 a:00 0.1 196.

a l 3/30/1982 ii:00 0.1 203.

a4 3/30/1982 14:00 0.1 210.

87 3/30/1982 17:00 0.1 217.

90 3/30/1982 20:00 0.1 223.

93 3/30/1982 23:00 0.1 229.

96 3/31/19.32 2:00 0.1 235.

Footnotes

(17)

19
ENTER C IF YOU WRNT TO SEE CURRENT SPEED c(RP

ENTER D IF YOU WRNT TO GEE CURRENT DIRECTION MRP

ENTER E IF YOU WANT TO SEE CURRENT STREFIMLINE MRP

ENTER T IF YOU WFlNT TO GEE A TIMESERIES OF CURRENT SPEED,

RND DIRECTION FIT FI GIVEN LOCFITION

ENTER Q IF NO MORE CURRENTS FIRE DESIRED

a

INPUT LRTITUDE OF SPILL 8 1

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E.G. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMflL DEGREES (E.G. 44.1,0,0)

42,47.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF SPILL t 1

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E.G. 84,10,30)

OR IN DECIMFIL DEGREES ( E .G . 84.35,0,0)

87.23.49

ORIGIN OF SPILL NUMBER 1

LFITITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.8 MIN

IS SPILL # 1 LERKING? (ENTER NO FOR OLL-FIT-ONCE SPILL)

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

!!!2

DO YOU WRNT TO USE STRNDFIRD WIND FIND CURRENT EFFECTS

ON THIS SPILL (SPILL # l)?

THEY FIRE.. . WIND= 2X, CURRENT=100%

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

YES

ORIGIN OF SPILL W 1

LFlTITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.8 MIN

WIND EFFECT= 2.0% CURRENT EFFECT= 100.0%

flPPROXIMATE WRTER DEPTH IS 334 FEET

THIS SPILL IS RLL-flT-ONCE

FlNY MORE SPILL ORIGINS FOR THIS RUN?

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

YES

INPUT LATITUDE OF SPILL # 2

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. G. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMFIL DEGREES (E.G. 44.1,0,0)

42.47.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF SPILL # 2

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E.G. 84,10,30)

0R IN ECIMRL DEGREES ( E . G . 84.35,0,0)

87.24.49

ORIGIN OF SPILL NUMBER 2

LFITITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 24.8 M I N

IS SPILL Y 2 LEFIKING? (ENTER NO FOR fALL-FIT-ONCE SPILL)

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

No

DO YW WFlNT TO USE STRNDFlRD WIND FIND CURRENT EFFECTS

ON THIS SPILL (SPILL # 2)?

THEY FIRE. . . WIND= 2%, CURRENT=lBB%

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

YES

Footnotes

(ia)

(19)

(20)

20
ORIGIN OF SPILL W 2

LflTITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 24.8 MIN

WIND EFFECT= 2.0% CURRENT EFFECT= 100.0%

RPPROXIMRTE WRTER DEPTH IS 334 FEET

THIS SPILL IS RLL-RT-ONCE

--------------------------------------- -

RNY MORE SPILL ORIGINS FOR THIS RUN?

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

YES

INPUT LRTITUDE OF SPILL # 3

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E.G. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMRL DEGREES (E. 0. 44.1,0,0)

42.48.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF SPILL X 3

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. G. 84, la, 30)

OR IN DECIMRL DEGREES (E.G. 84.35.0.0)

87.23.49

.

ORIGIN OF SPILL NUMBER 3

LRTITUDE 42 DEG 48.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.0 MIN

IS SPILL R 3 LEFIKING? (ENTER NO FOR RLL-FIT-ONCE SPILL)

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

No

DO YW WFINT TO USE STF)NDFIRD WIND RND CURRENT EFFECTS

ON THIS SPILL (SPILL W 3)?

THEY RRE.. . WIND= 22, CURRENT=100%

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

YES

ORIGIN OF SPILL I) 3

LClTI TUDE 42 DEG 48.0 MIN

LONGITUDE a7 DEG 23.8 MIN

WIND EFFECT= 2.0% CURRENT EFFECT= la0.0%

RPPROXIMGTE WRTER DEPTH IS 324 FEET

THIS SPILL IS FILL-!AT-ONCE

__-_____--_-_-_---_--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

RNY MORE SPILL ORIGINS FOR THIS RUN?

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

YES

INPUT LFlTITUDE OF SPILL # 4

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. 0. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMRL DEGREES (E.G. 44.1,0,0)

42.47.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF SPILL # 4

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. 6. 84, ia, 30)

OR IN DECIMRL DEGREES (E. 0. 04.35.0.0)

07.22.49

ORIGIN OF SPILL NUMBER 4

LFlTITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LoNGITuDE a7 DEG 22.0 MIN

IS SPILL 8 4 LEFIKING? (ENTER NO FOR RLL-CIT-ONCE SPILL)

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

No

21
DO YW WRNT TO USE STQNDFlRD WIND FIND CURRENT EFFECTS

ON THIS SPILL (SPILL X 4)?

THEY GRE.. . WIND= 2%, CURRENT=i00%

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

~_____________________________________

ORIGIN OF SPILL 8 4

LFlTITlJDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 22.8 MIN

WIND EFFECT= 2.0% CURRENT EFFECT= 100.0%

APPROXIHRTE WClTER DEPTH IS 334 FEET

THIS SPILL IS RLL-RT-ONCE

FlNY MORE SPILL ORIGINS FOR THIS RUN?

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

YES

INPUT LFLTITUDE OF SPILL # 5

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E.G. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMOL DEGREES (E.G. 44. 1.0.0)

42.46.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF SPILL % 5

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. 6. 84,18,30)

OR IN DECIMFlL DEGREES (E. 0. 84.35,0,0)

87.23.49

ORIGIN OF SPILL NUMBER 5

LRTITUDE 42 DEG 46.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.8 MIN

IS SPILL I) 5 LERKING? (ENTER NO FOR ALL-RT-ONCE SPILL)

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

!!@

DO YW WRNT TO USE STFlNDFlRD WIND FlND CURRENT EFFECTS

ON THIS SPILL (SPILL f 5)?

THEY FIRE.. . WIND= 2%, CURRENT=100%

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

~_______-------_______________________

ORIGIN OF SPILL 0 5

LFlTI TUDE 42 DEG 46.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.6 MIN

WIND EFFECT= 2.0% CURRENT EFFECT= 100.0%

nPPROXIMRTE WRTER DEPTH IS 334 FEET

THIS SPILL IS FILL-!AT-ONCE

__________-----_________________________

FlNY MORE SPILL ORIGINS FOR THIS RUN?

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

yEIJ

INPUT LRTITUDE OF SPILL Y 6

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. 6. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMFIL DEGREES (E.G. 44.1,0,0)

42.47.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF SPILL 8 6

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. 0. 84, 18,30)

OR IN DECIMFlL DEGREES (E.G. 84.35,0,0)

87,23.49

22
ORIGIN OF SPILL NUMBER 6

LOTI TUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.8 MIN

IS SPILL W 6 LERKING? (ENTER NO FOR nLL-RT-ONCE SPILL)

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

No

DO YW WRNT TO USE STFINDFlRD WIND FIND CURRENT EFFECTS

ON THIS SPILL (SPILL P 6)?

THEY RRE.. . WIND= 2%, CURRENT=l00%

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

No

ENTER WIND EFFECT PERCENT (E.G. 2.0 MEFlNS TWO PERCENT)

Footnotes

(21)

ENTER CURRENT EFFECT IN PERCENT (E.G. 100 MEFINS A HUNDRED PERCENT)

“---------------------------------------

188.

ORIGIN OF SPILL 8 6

LClTITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.8 MIN

WIND EFFECT= 0.0% CURRENT EFFECT= 100.0%

RPPROXIMRTE WRTER DEPTH IS 334 FEET

THIS SPILL IS FILL-RT-ONCE

-_--_-----_-----------------------------

RNY MORE SPILL ORIGINS FOR THIS RUN?

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

YES

INPUT LRTITUDE OF SPILL II 7

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. 0. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMAL DEGREES (E. 0. 44.1,0,0)

42.47.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF SPILL I 7

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E.G. 84,18,30)

OR IN DECIMRL DEGREES (E.G. 84.35.0.0)

87.23.49

ORIGIN OF SPILL NUMBER 7

LFlTITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.8 MIN

IS SPILL # 7 LEFIKING? (ENTER NO FOR RLL-OT-ONCE SPILL)

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

DO YOU WFINT TO USE STRNDQRD WIND FlND CURRENT EFFECTS

ON THIS SPILL (SPILL # 7)?

THEY FIRE.. . WIND= 2X, CURRENT=lBB%

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

!!!2

ENTER WIND EFFECT PERCENT (E.G. 2.0 MERNS TWO PERCENT)

ENTER CURRENT EFFECT IN PERCENT (E.G. 100 MEClNS CI HUNDRED PERCENT)

B

ORIGIN OF SPILL X 7

LRTITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.8 MIN

WIND EFFECT= 2.0% CURRENT EFFECT= 0.0%

RPPROXIMRTE WATER DEPTH IS 334 FEET

THIS SPILL IS aLL-RT-ONCE

23

(22)
FINY MORE SPILL ORIGINS FOR THIS RUN?

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

yEJ

INPUT LFITITUDE OF SPILL # 8

IN DEG. MIN, SEC (E.G. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMFlL DEGREES (E.G. 44.1,0,0)

42.47.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF SPILL # 8

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. 6. 84,18,30)

OR IN DECIMF)L DEGREES (E.G. 84.35.0.0) , .

87,23.49

ORIGIN OF SPILL NUMBER 8

LFlTITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.8 MIN

IS SPILL # 8 LEAKING? (ENTER NO FOR fdLL-RT-ONCE SPILL)

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

YES

DO YOU WRNT TO USE STFINDFIRD WIND FlND CURRENT EFFECTS

ON THIS SPILL (SPILL % 8)?

THEY RRE.. . WIND= 22, CURRENT=100%

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

YES

ORIGIN OF SPILL X 8

LFlTITUDE 42 DEG 47.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 23.8 MIN

WIND EFFECT= 2.0% CURRENT EFFECT= 100.0%

QPPROXIMRTE WFlTER DEPTH IS 334 FEET

THIS SPILL IS LERKING ONE UNIT EVERY 3 HOURS

FINY MORE SPILL ORIGINS FOR THIS RUN?

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

:LCULFITING TRflJECTORIES . ..PLEFISE STFlND BY

INPUT LFlTITUDE OF SUBGRID CENTER

IN DEG, MIN, SEC (E. 6. 44,06,00)

OR IN DECIMFlL DEGREES (E. 6. 44.1,0,0)

42.37.0

INPUT LONGITUDE OF SUBGRID CENTER

IN DEG, MIN, SEC E.G. 84,18,00)

OR IN DECIMRL DEGREES (E. 6. 84.35,0,0)

87.30.0

SUBGRID CENTER:

LFlTITUDE 42 DEG 37.0 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 29.9 MIN

DO YOU WRNT STFlNDQRD SUBGRID SIZE OF 60.0 NCKlTICClL MILES?

(ENTER Y.. . OR.. . N)

No

INPUT SIZE OF SUBGRID IN NRUTICFIL MILES

30

Footnotes

(23)

(24)

(25)

(26)

(27)

24
YOU HRVE CHOSEN CI 30.0 NiJJTICAL MILE SOWIRE SUBGRID

LClTITUDE FlND LONGITUDE OF SUBGRID CORNERS:

SW CORNER

LflTITUDE 42 DEG 21.7 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 50.0 MIN

NW CORNER

LFlTITUDE 42 DEG 51.8 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 50.7 MIN

NE CORNER

L!ATITUDE 42 DEG 52.2 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 9.8 M IN

SE CORNER

LFlTITUDE 42 DEG 22.2 MIN

LONGITUDE 87 DEG 9.4 MIN

_______________--___-------------------------

DO YOU WANT TO SEE FI DEPTH MFIP?

(ENTER Y...OR...N)

YES

DEPTH IN FEET

0= 15.22 TO 108.5

i= 108.5 TO 201.8

2= 201.8 TO 295.1

3= 295.1 TO 388.3

4= 388.3 TO 481. 6

ri42,Sl. 8**87,50.7xrir+ri++i+**ririrrr,*++ii42,52.2,*87, 9.8Wt

+000000011111222223333333333444’f

*000000011111222223333333334444*

*000000011111222223333333344444*

*000000001111222223333333444444”

*000000001111222223333334444444*

*000000001111222223333334444444*

*000000001111222233333344444444*

l 000000011111222233333344444444 ”

*000000011111222233333344444444*

l 000000011111222233333444444444 *

*000000011112222233333444444444*

+000000011112222333333444444444*

+000000011112222333333444444444”

+000000111112222333333444444444*

+000000111112222333333444444444*

+000000111122222333333444444444*

+000000111122222333333444444444*

.000000111122222333333444444444”

l 000000111122222333333444444444 *

*000000111122222333333344444444*

+000001111122222333333344444444*

*000001111122222333333344444444*

*000001111122222333333334444444*

+000001111122222333333334444444*

+000001111122222233333333444444+

*000001111122222233333S33344444*

+000001111122222233333333344444*

+000000111122222223333333334444”

*000000111112222223333333333344+’

.000000111112222222333333333333”

++42,21.7*+87,!50.0cii+i,+r++iiicr+++,rrrii+r42,22.2*+87, 9.411

25

Footnotes

(28)
ENTER L IF YOU WRNT TO SEE SPILL LOCGTIONS

ENTER T IF YOU WRNT TO SEE TRRCK OF FIN INDIVIDUFLL SPILL

ENTER S IF YOU WFlNT FI NEW SUBGRID

ENTER Q TO QUIT OR TO CHRNGE SPILL LOCRTIDNS

c

ENTER THE NUMBER(S) OF THE SPILL(S) YOU WGNT TO SEE PLOTTED

ONE ENTRY PER LINE, END THE LIST WITH 0 (ZERO)

!NTER THE TIME(S) IN HOURS (0- 96) FIFTER THE STRRT TIME

3/27/1982 2:00 FIT WHICH YOU WONT TO SEE SPILL LOCRTIONS

YOU MRY MGKE UP TO 25 ENTRIES, ONE ENTRY PER LINE

END THE LIST WITH -1

23

5@.

72

56

SPILL LOCRTIONS FIT 24

R = ORIGIN OF SPILL 1

B = ORIGIN OF SPILL 2

C = ORIGIN OF SPILL 3

D = ORIGIN OF SPILL 4

E = ORIGIN OF SPILL S

F = 1, 2

HOURS 312811982 2:00

“*42,51.8**8,,5o.,*******x**************~~~~42,52.2~~~,, 9.8**

* *

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Footnotes

(29)

**42,21.,**G,,5O.o**********************~~~~4Z,ZZ.Z~~G,, 9.4**

Rev. May 1985 26
SPILL LOCATIONS AT 48 HOURS 3/29/1982 2:00

A = ORIGIN OF SPILL 1

B = ORIGIN OF SPILL 2

C = ORIGIN OF SPILL 3

D = ORIGIN OF SPILL 4

E = ORIGIN OF SPILL 5

F-l,3

**42,51.8X*8,,50.,**~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2,52.2~~8,, 9.8**

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**42,21.7**87,50.0”**f**“*“““*f****”***f 42,22.2** 87, 9.4**

.

Rev. May 1985

I

I

27
SPILL LOCFlTIONS FIT 72 HOURS 3/3011982 2:00

FI = ORIGIN OF SPILL 1

B = ORIGIN OF SPILL 2

C = ORIGIN OF SPILL 3

D = ORIGIN OF SPILL 4

E = ORIGIN OF SPILL 5

F = I, 4

**42,51.8**87,50.7**************************42,52.2**87, g.,,X*

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“X42,21.7**87,5O.O*****x*x**************~~~~42,22.2~~87, g.L,**

Rev. May 1985 28
SPILL LOCFlTIOMS FIT 96 HOURS 3/31/1982 2:00

FI = ORIGIN OF SPILL 1

B = ORIGIN OF SPILL 2

C = ORIGIN OF SPILL 3

D = ORIGIN OF SPILL 4

E = ORIGIN OF SPILL 5

**42,51.8**87,50.7************r*************42,52.2**87, g-8**

*

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Rev. May 1985 29
ENTER L IF YOU WFlNT TO SEE SPILL LOCFITIONS

ENTER T IF YOU WANT TO SEE TRRCK OF RN INDIVIDUFlL SPILL

ENTER S IF YOU WCINT FI NEW SUBGRID

ENTER Q TO QUIT OR TO CHRNGE SPILL LOCFlTIONS Footnotes

T (30)

ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE SPILL YOU WONT TO SEE PLOTTED

ONE PosITIoN EV ERY 5 HOURS

TRRCK OF SPILL % 1 FROM 3/27/1982 2:00 TO 3/31/1982 2:00

-.

FI = ORIGIN OF SPILL 1

B=O, 1

c = 3,4

D = 5, 6

E=l, 2

**42,51.8”“8,,5O.,********““*“““*”*”x”*”~~~~42,52.2*~87, 9.8**

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* 654321 A *

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x *

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x 4 *

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* 6 *

* E *

* 0 7 *

* 9 8 *

* 8 9 *

* 7 B *

* D C 2

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X*42,21.7**87,5O.O***““*“*xx*****”””x**” 42,22.2** 87, 9.4**

Rev. May 1985 30
ENTER L IF YOU WANT TO SEE SPILL LOCATIONS

ENTER T IF YOU WANT TO SEE TRACK OF AN INDIVIDUAL SPILL

ENTER S IF YOU WANT A NEW SUBGRID

ENTER Q TO QUIT OR TO CHANGE SPILL LOCATIONS

OK TO CHANGE WINDS

T

ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE SPILL YOU WA NT TO SEE PLOTTED

ONE POSITION EVERY

TRACK OF SPILL # 6 FROM 3/27/1982 2:00 TO 3/31/1982 2:00

3 . HOURS

A = ORIGIN OF SPILL 6

B = A, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

c = 5, 6, 7, a

D=9,0

E = 2, 3, 4

F = 5, 6, 7

G = 8, 9, 0

H=l,2

"*42,51.8**87,50.7****************************42,52.2**a7, g-8**

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“*42,21.7**87,50.0*************+********~~~~42,22,2~~~7, g-L,**

Footnotes

(31)

Rev. May 1985 31
ENTER L IF YOU WANT TO SEE SPILL LOCATIONS

ENTER T IF YOU WANT TO SEE TRACK OF AN INDIVIDUAL SPILL

ENTER S IF YOU WANT A NEW SUBGRID

ENTER Q TO QUIT OR TO CHANGE SPILL LOCATIONS

OR TO CHANGE WINDS

T

ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE SPILL You WANT TO SEE PLOTTED

7

TRACK OF SPILL # 7 FROM 3/27/1982 2:00 TO 3/31/1982 2:OD

ONE POSITION EVERY 3. HOURS

A = ORIGIN OF SPILL 7

B=6,7

C=8,9

D=O,l

E=2,3

F=4,5

**42,51.8**87,50.7****************t*****~~~~42,52.2~~87, 9.8**

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*“42,21.7**87,5O.O*X************x i** ~~~~42,22.2~~87, g.L,**

Rev. May 1985 32

Footnotes

(32)
ENTER L IF YOU WFlNT TO SEE SPILL LOCFlTIONS

ENTER T IF YOU WRNT TO SEE TR!XK OF FIN INDIVIDURL SPILL

ENTER S IF YOU WRNT FI NEW SUBGRID

ENTER [;! TO OUIT OR TO CHANGE SPILL LOCFITIONS

;;yg:; ‘+E ;;:j:,c+z R!S) OF THE SPILL(S) YOU WANT TO SEE PLOTTED Footnotes

8 (33)

!2

ONE ENTRY PER LINE, END THE LIST WITH 0 (ZERO)

ENTER THE TIME(S) IN HOURS (0- 96) RFTER THE START TIME

3/27/1982 2:00 FIT WHICH YOU WflNT TO SEE SPILL LOCFlTIONS

YOU MFlY MRKE UP TO 25 ENTRIES, ONE ENTRY PER LINE

END THE LIST WITH -1

25

-.i

SPILC LOCFlTIONS FIT 96 HOURS 3/31/1982 2:00

A = ORIGIN OF SPILL 8

B=A,8

C-8,8

"*42,51.8*"87,50.7***""f"""""XX*f*"*"""*****42,52.2**87, 9.8**

* 8 8 *

* 8 8 *

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* 8 B *

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**42,21.7**87,50.0*******~******************42,22.2**87, 9.4*,,

Rev. May 1985 33
ENTER L IF YOU WANT TO SEE SPILL LOCATIONS

ENTER T IF YOU WANT TO SEE TRACK OF AN INDIVIDUAL SPILL

ENTER S IF YOU WANT A NEW SUBGRID

ENTER Q TO QUIT OR TO CHANGE SPILL LOCATIONS

OR TO CHANGE WINDS

Footnotes

9

PLEASE TYPE AS MANY LINES AS YOU WISH IF YOU HAVE ANY

COMMENTS OR SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING THIS SPILL MODEL

END WITH A CARRIAGE RETURN

(34)

WE ARE ALWAYS INTERESTED IN WHY THE MODEL WAS RUN AND HOW THE MODEL (35)

MAY HAVE HELPED YOU. THANKS.

?'YPE 'LOCATIONS' IF YOU WANT NEW SPILL LOCATIONS SAME WINDS OR

TYPE 'WINDS' IF YOU WANT NEW WINDS SAME LOCATIONS OR

PRESS THE CARRIAGE RETURN KEY IF YOU WANT TO QUIT

OPTION:

GOODBYE-

(36)

Rev. May 1985 34
FOOTNOTES

1. Contact the authors for instructions to access the GLERL computer over

the telephone system. When a connection has been established with the

GLERL computer, press the return key to get initial system message.

2. After initial system message, type "SPILL" in response to "Usernu,-,,ber:"

prompt.

3. In response to "ENTER LAKE NAME:" prompt, enter "SUPERIOR", "MICHIGAN",

"HURON", "ST.CLAIR", "ERIE", or "ONTARIO".

4. Name and agency are used to keep track of who's using the model.

5. Starting date and time are used only to label wind input messages and

current and spill location maps with the corresponding time and date.

6. The user types in the wind data. See section 3 of this report for more

details about wind input.

7. The forecast is extended to 48 h.

8. The forecast is extended to 72 h.

9. The forecast is extended to 96 h. It is possible to forecast up to 672 h

(28 days).

10. The forecast will stop at 96 h.

11. If the user enters "N" at this point, wind data can be changed by

retyping new values.

12. Depending on the wind data, the length of the forecast, and which lake

grid is being used, it may take 5-30 min to calculate the currents.

13. Enter "N" if you are not interested in maps or time series of current

speed and direction.

14. User selects current speed map at 96 h.

15. User selects corresponding current direction. CO"= from north).

16. User selects corresponding streamline map. Some selected streamlines

(-50, 0, 50) have been sketched in to indicate the general pattern of

circulation in the lake. Currents are parallel to the streamlines, with

higher values of stream function to the right of the current direction.

17. User selects time series of currents at latitude 42'47' and longitude

87’23’49”.

35
18. User is dolIe looking at currents and moves on to spill location specification. If the restart feature for new spill locations with same winds

is used at the end of the run, the programs start over at this point.

19. A single marker is released at 42'47'N, 87'23'49"W at time 0.

20. The next four spills will be 1 minute west, north, east, and south of the

first spill to get an idea of how much effect an error in the initial

location will have on the location after 96 h.

21. Spill 86 is at the same location as spill 81, but will have no wind

effect, only curreut.

22. Spill W7 is also at the same location as spill 111, but will have no

current effect, only wind. This spill and spill 86 will show the relative effects of wind and current on the final spill location.

23. Spill 118 is the same as spill Wl, except that it is leaking one particle

every 3 h.

24. The user is done entering spill data. Up to nine different spills can be

specified.

25. The trajectory calculation should only take a few minutes.

26. The subgrid center is the center of the square window through which the

user can examine spill locations and tracks. Usually it is the same as

the initial spill location, but here the user moved it south and west to

see as much of the track as possible.

27. A 30-nautical-mile square is used to improve the resolution of the

display.

28. Depths in the subgrid are divided into five categories and displayed as

numbers 0 to 4.

29. The user decides to look at the locations of spills #l, #2, #3, 114, and

115 at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. All four maps will be printed out before

another prompting message appears, so the user can leave the terminal

temporarily.

30. The user selects the track of spill #l. A spill track shows its position

as a function of time.

31. Track of spill 116 (current only).

32. Track of spill 117 (wind only). Note that the combined effect of wind and

current can be very different from the sum of the individual effects.

33. Spill locations of leaking spill 88. These are the positions of the

particles released from the spill site after 96 h. One particle was

released every 3 h, so there are 33 particles in all.

36
34. The user terminates the run.

35. Comments here would ba appreciated.

36. The user elects not to restart with new spill locations or winds.

37