Health Behaviors of Adults:

United States, 2002–04

Series 10, Number 230 September 2006
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Adams PF, Schoenborn CA. Health behaviors of adults: United States,

2002–04. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 10(230). 2006.

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National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondik, Ph.D., Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Co-Deputy Director

Michael H. Sadagursky, Acting Co-Deputy Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science

Edward L. Hunter, Associate Director for Planning, Budget,

and Legislation

Michael H. Sadagursky, Associate Director for

Management and Operations

Lawrence H. Cox, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research

and Methodology

Margot A. Palmer, Director for Information Technology

Margot A. Palmer, Acting Director for Information Services

Linda T. Bilheimer, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis

and Epidemiology

Charles J. Rothwell, M.S., Director for Vital Statistics

Jane E. Sisk, Ph.D., Director for Health Care Statistics

Jane F. Gentleman, Ph.D., Director for Health Interview

Statistics

Clifford L. Johnson, Director for Health and Nutrition

Examination Surveys

Division of Health Interview Statistics

Jane F. Gentleman, Ph.D., Director

Anne K. Stratton, M.S., Deputy Director

Eve Powell-Griner, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director for

Science

Marcie L. Cynamon, M.A., Chief, Survey Planning and

Special Surveys Branch

Eve Powell-Griner, Ph.D., Chief, Data Analysis and Quality

Assurance Branch

Anne K. Stratton, M.S., Acting Chief, Data Production and

Systems Branch
Series 10, Number 230

Health Behaviors of Adults:

United States, 2002–04

Data From the National Health

Interview Survey

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Maryland

September 2006

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2006-1558
Contents

Abstract ................................................................................................ 1

Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2. Methods....................................................................................... 4

Data Source ........................................................................................... 4

Measurement of Health Behaviors ......................................................................... 4

Strengths and Limitations of the Data ...................................................................... 6

Statistical Analysis ..................................................................................... 6

Chapter 3. Alcohol Use ................................................................................... 8

All Adults............................................................................................. 8

Sex .................................................................................................. 8

Age.................................................................................................. 8

Race ................................................................................................. 8

Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race........................................................................ 9

Education ............................................................................................. 9

Poverty Status ......................................................................................... 10

Marital Status.......................................................................................... 10

Geographic Region ..................................................................................... 11

Chapter 4. Cigarette Smoking .............................................................................. 22

All Adults............................................................................................. 22

Sex .................................................................................................. 22

Age.................................................................................................. 23

Race ................................................................................................. 23

Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race........................................................................ 24

Education ............................................................................................. 24

Poverty Status ......................................................................................... 24

Marital Status.......................................................................................... 25

Geographic Region ..................................................................................... 25

Chapter 5. Leisure-time Physical Activity .................................................................... 41

All Adults............................................................................................. 41

Sex .................................................................................................. 41

Age.................................................................................................. 41

Race ................................................................................................. 41

Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race........................................................................ 42

Education ............................................................................................. 42

Poverty Status ......................................................................................... 42

Marital Status.......................................................................................... 43

Geographic Region ..................................................................................... 43

iii
Chapter 6. Body Weight Status.............................................................................. 57

All Adults............................................................................................. 57

Sex .................................................................................................. 57

Age.................................................................................................. 57

Race ................................................................................................. 57

Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race........................................................................ 58

Education ............................................................................................. 58

Poverty Status ......................................................................................... 59

Marital Status.......................................................................................... 59

Geographic Region ..................................................................................... 60

Chapter 7. Sleep ......................................................................................... 66

All Adults............................................................................................. 66

Sex .................................................................................................. 66

Age.................................................................................................. 66

Race ................................................................................................. 66

Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race........................................................................ 66

Education ............................................................................................. 67

Poverty Status ......................................................................................... 67

Marital Status.......................................................................................... 67

Geographic Region ..................................................................................... 67

Chapter 8. Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................ 71

Summary ............................................................................................. 71

Conclusions ........................................................................................... 73

References .............................................................................................. 80

Appendix I.............................................................................................. 82

Technical Notes on Methods.............................................................................. 82

Appendix II ............................................................................................. 84

Definitions of Selected Terms............................................................................. 84

Appendix III ............................................................................................ 87

Health Behavior Questions ............................................................................... 87

Appendix IV ............................................................................................ 88

Tables of Unadjusted Estimates ........................................................................... 88

Figures

Chapter 3

3.1. Percentage of adults who were current drinkers, by age and sex: United States, 2002–04 ........................ 8

3.2. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the past year, by age and sex:

United States, 2002–04.............................................................................. 8

3.3. Percentage of adults who were current drinkers, by race and sex: United States, 2002–04........................ 9

3.4. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the past year, by race and sex:

United States, 2002–04.............................................................................. 9

3.5. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the past year, by Hispanic origin and

race and sex: United States, 2002–04 .................................................................. 10

3.6. Percentage of adults who were current drinkers, by education and sex: United States, 2002–04 ................... 10

3.7. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the past year, by education:

United States, 2002–04.............................................................................. 11

Chapter 4

4.1. Percent distributions of current cigarette smoking status of adults, by sex: United States, 2002–04 ................ 22

4.2. Percent distribution of number of days smoked in the past 30 days among adult nondaily smokers: United States,

2002–04.......................................................................................... 22

iv
4.3. Percent distribution of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all adult current smokers: United States,

2002–04.......................................................................................... 23

4.4. Percent distribution of age of smoking initiation among all adult current smokers: United States, 2002–04 .......... 23

4.5. Percentage of adult current smokers who tried to quit in the past year, by age and smoking frequency:

United States, 2002–04.............................................................................. 24

4.6. Mean number of cigarettes on days smoked by adult current smokers, by Hispanic origin and race and sex,

United States, 2002–04.............................................................................. 24

4.7. Percentage of adult current smokers who started smoking younger than 16 years of age, by level of education:

United States, 2002–04.............................................................................. 25

Chapter 5

5.1. Percentage of adults who engaged in leisure-time physical activity, by age: United States, 2002–04 ............... 41

5.2. Percentage of adults who engaged in at least some leisure-time strengthening activity, by sex and age:

United States, 2002–04.............................................................................. 41

5.3. Percentage of adults who engaged in leisure-time physical activity, by education: United States, 2002–04 .......... 42

5.4. Percentage of adults who engaged in leisure-time physical activity, by poverty status: United States, 2002–04 ...... 42

Chapter 6

6.1. Percent distributions of body weight status of adults, by sex: United States, 2002–04 ........................... 57

6.2. Percentage of adults who were obese, by age and sex: United States, 2002–04 ................................ 57

6.3. Percentage of adults who were overweight (including obese), by sex and race: United States, 2002–04............. 58

6.4. Percent distributions of body weight status of adults, by Hispanic origin and race: United States, 2002–04.......... 58

6.5. Percentage of adults who were obese, by education and sex: United States, 2002–04 ........................... 59

6.6. Percentage of adults who were obese, by poverty status and sex: United States, 2002–04 ........................ 59

Chapter 7

7.1. Percent distributions of hours of sleep in a 24-hour period, by sex: United States, 2004 ......................... 66

7.2. Percentage of adults who slept 6 hours or less in a 24-hour period, by marital status: United States, 2004 .......... 67

Text Tables

Chapter 3

3.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 .............................. 12

3.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 .............................. 15

3.3. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in

1 day at least once in the past year, and age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age

and over who had five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days in the past year, by selected characteristics:

United States, average annual, 2002–04 ................................................................ 18

3.4. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers 18 years of age and over who had five or more

drinks in 1 day at least once in the past year, and age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers

18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days in the past year, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04.................................................... 20

Chapter 4

4.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 .............................. 26

4.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of

age and over, and age-adjusted mean number (with standard errors) of cigarettes on days smoked among current

smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ............. 29

4.3. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all

current cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual,

2002–04.......................................................................................... 32

4.4. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of age of smoking initiation among current cigarette

smokers 18 years of age and over: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ................................... 35

v
4.5. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over who tried to

quit smoking in the past year, by current smoking status and selected characteristics: United States, average annual,

2002–04.......................................................................................... 38

Chapter 5

5.1. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were physically inactive

during their leisure time, and age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over

who engaged in at least some leisure-time physical activity for at least 10 minutes per episode, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ................................................... 44

5.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in light-moderate leisure-time

physical activity for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual,

2002–04.......................................................................................... 46

5.3. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in vigorous leisure-time physical

activity for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ..... 49

5.4. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in regular leisuretime physical activity, by type of activity and selected characteristics, United States, average annual, 2002–04....... 52

5.5. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in any leisure-time

strengthening activities, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ...................... 55

Chapter 6

6.1. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were overweight, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04.................................................... 61

6.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of body weight status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04.......................................... 63

Chapter 7

7.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual hours of sleep for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, 2004 ......................................................... 68

Chapter 8

8.1. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected unhealthy

behaviors, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ................................. 74

8.2. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected healthy

behaviors, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ................................. 77

Appendix Tables

I. Completed interviews and response rates by year: National Health Interview Survey, 2002–04. ................... 82

II. Age distribution used in age adjusting data shown in chapters 3–8 .......................................... 82

III. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and

over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ..................................... 88

IV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and

over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ..................................... 91

V. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in 1 day at

least once in the past year, and crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who had

five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days in the past year, by selected characteristics: United States, average

annual, 2002–04 ................................................................................... 94

VI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in

1 day at least once in the past year, and crude percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers 18 years of age

and over who had five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days in the past year, by selected characteristics:

United States, average annual, 2002–04 ................................................................ 96

VII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age

and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04.................................. 98

VIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and

over, and crude mean number (with standard errors) of cigarettes on days smoked among current smokers 18 years

of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ............................ 101

vi
IX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current

cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ..... 104

X. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of age of smoking initiation among current cigarette smokers

18 years of age and over: United States, average annual, 2002–04........................................... 107

XI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of current cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over who tried to quit

smoking in the past year, by current smoking status and selected characteristics: United States, average annual,

2002–04.......................................................................................... 110

XII. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were physically inactive during

their leisure time, and crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in

at least some leisure-time physical activity for at least 10 minutes per episode, by selected characteristics:

United States, average annual, 2002–04 ................................................................ 113

XIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in light-moderate leisure-time physical

activity for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ..... 115

XIV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in vigorous leisure-time physical

activity, for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ..... 118

XV. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in regular leisure-time

physical activity, by type of activity and selected characteristics, United States, average annual, 2002–04 ........... 121

XVI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in any leisure-time

strengthening activities, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ...................... 124

XVII. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were overweight, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04.................................................... 126

XVIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of body weight status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ............................................ 128

XIX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual hours of sleep for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2004 ............................................................ 131

XX. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected unhealthy

behaviors, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ................................. 134

XXI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected healthy

behaviors, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ................................. 137

XXII. Number of adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04 ..... 140

vii
Objective

This report presents selected

prevalence estimates of alcohol use,

cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical

activity, body weight status, and sleep

habits among U.S. adults, using data

from the 2002–04 National Health

Interview Surveys (NHIS). NHIS is

conducted annually by the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention’s

National Center for Health Statistics.

Estimates are shown for several

sociodemographic subgroups for both

sexes combined and for men and

women separately. The subgroups are

compared in terms of their prevalence

of ‘‘healthy’’ and ‘‘unhealthy’’ behaviors.

Methods

Data for the U.S. civilian

noninstitutionalized population were

collected by NHIS using computerassisted personal interviews. Questions

on health behaviors were asked of one

randomly selected adult per family in

the Sample Adult component of the

basic core questionnaire. This report is

based on a total of 93,222 completed

interviews with sample adults aged 18

years and over, representing an overall

sample adult response rate of 73.6%

for the 3 years combined. Statistics

shown in this report were age adjusted

to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Results

Six in 10 U.S. adults were current

drinkers in 2002–04; about 1 in 4 adults

were lifetime abstainers. About 1 in 5

adults (21.5%) were current smokers,

and over one-half of adults (56.6%) had

never smoked cigarettes. About 4 in 10

(42.4%) current smokers tried to quit

smoking in the past year. About 6 in 10

adults engaged in at least some

leisure-time physical activity, with about 3

in 10 regularly engaging in such activities.

About 6 in 10 adults were overweight or

obese (BMI is equal to or more than 25),

with 4 in 10 adults being of healthy

weight. About 6 in 10 adults usually slept

7–8 hours in a 24-hour period.

Keywords: alcohol c drinking c

smoking c smoking cessation c

cigarettes c leisure-time physical

activity c exercise c body weight c

overweight c obesity c sleep

Health Behaviors of Adults:

United States, 2002–04

by Patricia F. Adams and Charlotte A. Schoenborn, M.P.H.,

Division of Health Interview Statistics

Chapter 1

Introduction

Personal health behaviors influence

individual health and well-being.

Although medical science offers

increasingly sophisticated tools for

treating and curing disease, the most

cost-effective tool for individuals to

maintain health is the adoption of basic

positive personal health behaviors.

Federal efforts to systematically track

progress in a wide range of health

promotion and disease prevention efforts

in this country began in the late 1970s

with the publication of the 1979

Surgeon General’s report titled ‘‘Healthy

People: The Surgeon General’s Report

on Health Promotion and Disease

Prevention.’’ That report noted the

success of the ‘‘first public health

revolution’’ that occurred during the late

19th and early 20th centuries, at which

time ‘‘deaths from the major acute

infectious diseases plummeted’’ and

‘‘the proportion of deaths from major

chronic diseases such as heart disease,

cancer, and stroke, increased by more than

250 percent’’ (1,2). The groundbreaking

Surgeon General’s Report launched a

‘‘second public health revolution’’ and

led to development of a set of national

health promotion and disease prevention

objectives a year later.

The Nation’s first set of health

promotion and disease prevention

objectives, published in 1980,

established national goals for 1990 (3).

The national health promotion and

disease prevention goals have been

updated and revised twice—initially in

1990, establishing goals for the year

2000 (Healthy People 2000) (4), and

most recently at the outset of the current

decade, setting goals for the year 2010

(Healthy People 2010) (5). Healthy

People 2010 is a comprehensive,

nationwide health promotion and disease

prevention agenda consisting of 467

objectives that involves a partnership of

federal, state, and local health officials

and advocates (5–7). The Healthy

People 2010 effort serves as a road map

for improving the health of all people in

the United States during the first decade

of the 21st century.

The study of personal health

behaviors—their causes, correlates, and

consequences—is ongoing in several

federal agencies both inside and outside

the Department of Health and Human

Services (HHS). The Office of the

Surgeon General, which is part of

HHS’s Office of the Assistant Secretary

for Health, has been instrumental in

providing comprehensive state-of-the-art

summaries and analyses of the issues

related to a number of key disease

prevention topics. Between 1964 and

2004, 28 Surgeon General’s reports were

issued describing the epidemiology and

health consequences of tobacco use (8).

The Surgeon General’s office also has

issued a major report titled ‘‘Physical

Activity and Health’’ (9) and ‘‘Call to

Action to Prevent and Decrease

Overweight and Obesity’’ (10).

The Centers for Disease Control

and Prevention (CDC), an agency of

HHS, plays a key role in the study of

the links between health behaviors and

morbidity and mortality. CDC’s National

Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is

responsible for monitoring the Nation’s

progress in achieving national health

promotion and disease prevention

objectives and collecting data on a

variety of health behaviors in its many

Page 1
Page 2 [ Series 10, No. 230

national surveys (11). The National

Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the

National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (NHANES) are

particularly good sources of national

data on prevalence and correlates of

personal health behaviors and other

topics related to health promotion and

disease prevention (12,13). CDC’s

National Center for Chronic Disease

Prevention and Health Promotion

(NCCDPHP) operates the Behavioral

Risk Factors Surveillance System

(BRFSS), which collects state-level data

on health behaviors, using telephone

interviews (14). Initially fielded in 15

states in 1984, BRFSS has been

collecting data on behavioral risk factors

at the state level in all 50 states, the

District of Columbia, and three U.S.

territories since 1994. NCCDPHP has

ongoing research and public information

activities covering a wide range of

health promotion and disease prevention

topics (15).

The National Institutes of Health

(NIH), another agency of HHS, has a

variety of research activities that focus

on the health consequences of personal

health behaviors. The National Cancer

Institute (NCI), the National Heart,

Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

(along with its National Center on Sleep

Disorders Research), and the National

Institute on Alcohol Abuse and

Alcoholism (NIAAA), among others,

have research programs that include the

study of the health effects of personal

health behaviors (16–19). Like CDC,

each of these NIH institutes has public

information campaigns designed to

inform the American people of the risks

and benefits of their behavior choices

and to encourage them to adopt

health-promoting behaviors.

Interest in and concern with

promoting positive health behaviors

reaches beyond HHS. Every 5 years

since 1980, HHS has collaborated with

the U.S. Department of Agriculture to

publish dietary guidelines for Americans

that contain the federal government’s

science-based advice for promoting

health and reducing risk of chronic

diseases through nutrition and physical

activity (20).

Outside the federal government, the

private sector is also turning attention to

the importance of health promotion and

disease prevention. For example, the

Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the

National Academies—an organization

that provides unbiased, evidence-based,

and authoritative information and advice

concerning health and science policy to

policymakers, professionals, leaders in

every sector of society, and the public at

large—has prepared reports on a wide

range of health topics, including some

covered in this report. These include

tobacco use, obesity, physical activity,

and sleep (21). In 2005, IOM convened

two workshops on sleep medicine and

on research designed to conduct a

comprehensive review of the current

status of sleep research and to develop a

comprehensive plan for future work in

this area (22). The National Sleep

Foundation, founded in 1990, is

dedicated to furthering research and

public information dissemination related

to sleep and sleep disorders (23).

Efforts by federal, state, and local

governments and the private sector to

gain increased understanding of the

implications of specific health behaviors

for morbidity and mortality and to

promote healthy lifestyles among the

U.S. population are extensive and

ongoing. The agencies and programs

highlighted in this report represent only

a portion of the scientific activities

devoted to improving and disseminating

knowledge concerning the health

benefits and consequences of individual

behaviors. Monitoring the prevalence of

behaviors in the population is an

important component of national efforts

to promote healthier behavior choices.

Identifying population subgroups most

likely to adopt health risk behaviors

assists policy makers and health

educators in better targeting resources

to improve the health of the American

people.

This report provides national

prevalence estimates for five important

health behaviors—alcohol use, cigarette

smoking, leisure-time physical activity,

body weight status, and sleep—for key

population subgroups of U.S. adults 18

years and over. Estimates shown in

Tables 3.1–8.2 are based on data from

the NHIS for 2002–04. Estimates of

usual hours of sleep are based only on

the 2004 NHIS because the question on

sleep practices was not asked in earlier

years.

Chapters 3–7 present data on the

full spectrum of the individual

behaviors—alcohol use, cigarette

smoking, leisure-time physical activity,

body weight status, and sleep. The

behaviors shown are consistent with

those included in earlier reports from

NHIS and, to the extent possible, with

Healthy People 2010 objectives, or

indicators included in Health, United

States, CDC’s NCHS annual report to

the U.S. Congress (5,24–29). The

background and rationale for the study

of these particular behaviors, as well as

issues related to their measurement in

NHIS, were discussed in earlier

reports (24–27). This report augments

the information provided in Health,

United States and Healthy People 2010,

providing estimates for additional

population subgroups.

Chapter 8, drawing from data

presented in earlier chapters, provides a

snapshot of the prevalence of healthy

and unhealthy behaviors among adults.

Definitions of ‘‘healthy’’ and

‘‘unhealthy’’ behaviors are not based on

independent examination of health

consequences of these behaviors but,

rather, on criteria described in Healthy

People 2010 (5). Whenever possible,

classifications of healthy and unhealthy

behaviors are consistent with those

identified in the Healthy People 2010

objectives. For cigarette smoking,

leisure-time physical activity, and body

weight status, the indicators shown in

this report are comparable to those used

for the objectives, and defining healthy

and unhealthy for these behaviors is

relatively straightforward. Definitions of

healthy and unhealthy alcohol use is

more problematic primarily because of

lack of clear consensus on definitions of

healthy and unhealthy alcohol use and

the number of subgroups for whom even

moderate alcohol intake can pose

significant risk (e.g., pregnant women,

teenagers, drivers, persons with some

medical conditions or taking some
Series 10, No. 230

[ Page3

medications) (30). The‘‘unhealthy’’

alcohol category shown in

Table 8.1 is

one component of‘‘at-risk drinking’’

identified in Healthy People 2010

.

Because there is no consensus

concerning healthy alcohol use, alcohol

is omitted from

Table 8.2.

Sleep, although not part of the

Healthy People 2010 objectives, is

increasingly recognized as an important

health behavior (22,23). Although

individual sleep requirements vary by

individual and no official recommendations for hours of sleep have been

issued, approximations of inadequate

(unhealthy) and adequate (healthy) have

been included in Chapter

8 for purposes

of beginning to track this important

health behavior

.
Page 4 [ Series 10, No. 230

Chapter 2

Methods

Data Source

The statistics shown in this report

are based on data from the Sample

Adult component of the 2002–04

National Health Interview Surveys

(NHIS) (31–33). NHIS, one of the major

data collection systems of the Centers

for Disease Control and Prevention’s

(CDC) National Center for Health

Statistics, is a survey of a nationally

representative sample of the U.S.

civilian noninstitutionalized household

population. Basic health and

demographic information is collected in

the family component for all members

of the family. Adults present at the time

of the interview are asked to respond for

themselves. Proxy responses are

accepted for adults not present at the

time of the interview and for those

physically or mentally incapable of

responding for themselves. Additional

information is collected on one

randomly selected adult aged 18 years

and over (that is, the ‘‘sample adult’’)

per family. Information on the sample

adult is self-reported except in rare

cases when the sample adult is

physically or mentally incapable of

responding.

Measurement of Health

Behaviors

Alcohol Use

The measure of alcohol drinking

status included in this report is

consistent with that shown in CDC’s

annual report to Congress titled, Health,

United States (29).

Lifetime alcohol drinking status

(Table 3.1) describes lifetime history of

alcohol use and includes four mutually

exclusive categories: 1) Lifetime

abstainers are adults who have had

fewer than 12 drinks in their entire life;

2) Former infrequent drinkers are adults

who have had at least 12 drinks in their

lifetime, but fewer than 12 drinks in any

1 year and no drinks in the past year;

3) Former regular drinkers are adults

who have had at least 12 drinks in their

lifetime and at least 12 drinks in a

single year, but no drinks in the past

year; and 4) Current drinkers are adults

who have had at least 12 drinks in their

lifetime and at least one drink in the

past year.

Current drinking status (Table 3.2)

describes alcohol consumption during

the past year: 1) Nondrinkers are adults

who had no drinks in the past year

(lifetime abstainers and former

drinkers); 2) Current infrequent drinkers

are adults who had at least 12 drinks in

their lifetime and 1–11 drinks during the

past year; 3) Light drinkers are adults

who had at least 12 drinks in their

lifetime, at least 12 drinks in the past

year, and 3 or fewer drinks per week, on

average, in the past year; 4) Moderate

drinkers are persons who had at least 12

drinks in their lifetime, at least 12

drinks in the past year, and more than 3

drinks and up to 7 drinks per week

(women) or more than 3 drinks and up

to 14 drinks per week (men), on

average, in the past year; and 5) Heavier

drinkers are adults who had at least 12

drinks in their lifetime, at least 12

drinks in the past year, and had more

than 7 drinks per week (women) or

more than 14 drinks per week (men),

on average, in the past year. (See

Appendix II for details.)

Five or more drinks in 1 day

(Tables 3.3 and 3.4)—Current drinkers

were asked how many days in the past

year they consumed five or more

alcoholic beverages. ‘‘Five or more

drinks in 1 day’’ is a measure of heavy

or ‘‘at risk’’ drinking (which may or

may not be episodic). The question on

five or more drinks in 1 day was

included in the NHIS questionnaire to

gain greater understanding of typical

drinking behavior over the course of the

year. It was not designed as a measure

of binge drinking, which usually refers

to number of drinks ‘‘at one sitting’’ or

‘‘during a 2-hour period.’’ The question

about having five or more drinks in 1

day followed, but was entirely separate

from, the questions about usual drinking

practices. Table 3.3 shows the

percentage of all adults who had five or

more drinks in 1 day at least once, and

the percentage of adults who drank this

amount at least 12 times during the past

year, thus showing the prevalence of

this behavior in the general adult

population. Table 3.4 shows the

percentage of current drinkers who had

five or more drinks in 1 day at least

once, and the percentage of adults who

drank this amount at least 12 times

during the past year.

Cigarette Smoking

Lifetime cigarette smoking

status—Measurement of cigarette

smoking status has remained relatively

unchanged over the history of NHIS.

Never smokers are adults who had never

smoked cigarettes or who had smoked

fewer than 100 cigarettes in their entire

life. Respondents who had not smoked

at least 100 cigarettes are not asked the

questions about current smoking

practices. Former smokers are adults

who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes

in their entire life, but were not smoking

at the time of interview. Current

smokers are adults who had smoked at

least 100 cigarettes in their entire life

and were still smoking on the day of the

interview. Classification of current

smokers has changed slightly over the

history of NHIS. From 1964 through

1991, current smokers were defined as

persons who had smoked at least 100

cigarettes in their entire life and

answered ‘‘yes’’ to the follow-up

question, ‘‘Do you smoke now?’’ In

1992, the NHIS question about current

smoking was modified slightly to be

consistent with international smoking

data so that daily smokers and nondaily

smokers could be distinguished. The

question was changed to read, ‘‘Do you

now smoke cigarettes every day, some

days, or not at all?’’ In this report,

estimates for all current smokers are

shown in Table 4.1.

Current cigarette smoking

status—The category nonsmoker

includes persons who had never smoked

100 cigarettes in their entire life (i.e.,

never smokers) as well as those who

smoked in the past, but quit smoking

prior to the date of the interview (i.e.,

former smokers). Nondaily smokers

include all persons who said they
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 5

smoked ‘‘some days’’ regardless of the

number of days they smoked in the past

30 days. Daily smokers are those who

said they smoked every day. The

category current smoker includes daily

and nondaily smokers.

Number of cigarettes on days

smoked—Separate questions about

number of cigarettes smoked in a day

were asked of adults who smoked every

day (daily smokers) and adults who

smoked only some days (nondaily

smokers). For nondaily smokers, the

question specified that they were being

asked about the average number of

cigarettes smoked on those days that

they smoked. Amount smoked is

presented in two ways. Table 4.2 shows

the mean number of cigarettes smoked

on days smoked, for all smokers, daily

smokers, and nondaily smokers who

smoked at least once in the past 30

days. Table 4.3 shows percent

distributions of the number of

cigarettes usually smoked on days

smoked for all smokers (daily and

nondaily combined): less than 15

cigarettes, 15–24 cigarettes, 25–34

cigarettes, and 35 cigarettes or more.

For nondaily smokers, these estimates

reflect the number of cigarettes these

adults smoked on the days that they

smoked. The estimates do not reflect

average cigarette consumption over a

period of time.

Age of smoking initiation—Adults

who had ever smoked at least 100

cigarettes in their entire life were asked

at what age they first started to smoke

fairly regularly. Data on age of initiation

shown in this report are limited to

estimates for current smokers

(Table 4.4).

Attempts to quit smoking—All

current smokers were asked if they had

stopped smoking for more than 1 day in

the past year because they were trying

to quit (Table 4.5).

Leisure-time Physical Activity

Physically inactive adults were

defined as those who never engaged in

any light-moderate or vigorous

leisure-time physical activity (Table 5.1).

Adults who engaged in at least some

physical activity were those who

engaged in any light-moderate or any

vigorous leisure-time physical activity

for at least 10 minutes per episode,

regardless of frequency (Table 5.1).

Light-moderate leisure-time physical

activity (Table 5.2) was based on a

question that asked how often the

person engaged in at least 10 minutes of

light-moderate leisure-time physical

activity that caused light sweating or a

slight-to-moderate increase in breathing

or heart rate. Answers could be provided

in any time unit (per day, per week, per

month, or per year). Frequency of

activity was converted into times per

week and then categorized as follows:

(a) none; (b) some, but less than one

time per week; (c) 1–2 times per week;

(d) 3–4 times per week; and (e) five or

more times per week. The ‘‘none’’

category consists of all persons who

engaged in no light-moderate activity,

including some who engaged in only

vigorous activity. The indicator for

light-moderate physical activity shown

in this report is designed to estimate the

percentage of adults who assess their

level of leisure-time physical activity to

be in the light-moderate range. The

indicator here differs from the measure

of moderate activity used for tracking

progress toward the Healthy People

2010 objectives; the latter encompasses

all activity that is at least light-moderate

(including vigorous activity).

Vigorous leisure-time physical

activity (Table 5.3) was based on a

question that asked how often the

person engaged in at least 10 minutes of

vigorous activity that caused heavy

sweating or large increases in breathing

or heart rate. Response options were

identical to those of the light-moderate

activity question, and frequency was

categorized in the same manner.

Questions asking about lightmoderate leisure-time physical activity

and vigorous leisure-time physical

activity were independent, with the

question about vigorous activity asked

first. Respondents could have reported

engaging in only light-moderate activity,

only vigorous activity, both types of

activity, or neither one. Table 5.1

presents data for the two types of

activity combined, showing the

percentage of persons who never

engaged in either type of activity and

the percentage of persons who ever

engaged in either or both types.

Tables 5.2 and 5.3 present data for

frequency of engaging in each type of

activity separately.

Regular leisure-time physical

activity (Table 5.4) combines frequency

and duration of each activity separately.

Regular light-moderate activity is

defined as engaging in light-moderate

activity five times or more per week for

30 minutes or more each time. Regular

vigorous activity is defined as engaging

in vigorous activity three times or more

per week for 20 minutes or more each

time. Any regular activity is defined as

meeting either criterion or both criteria.

Strengthening activity (Table 5.5)

includes any leisure-time activities

designed to strengthen muscles, such as

weight lifting or calisthenics. Unlike

light-moderate activity or vigorous

activity, there was no minimum duration

specified in the question, and duration

of the activity was not asked.

This report presents data only for

leisure-time physical activity. However,

analysis of data on usual (nonleisure

time) daily physical activity collected in

NHIS in 2000 suggested that adults who

were active in their usual daily activities

(such as walking around or lifting or

carrying heavy objects) were also more

likely to be active during their leisure

time (34).

Body Weight Status

Height and weight were used to

compute body mass index (BMI), which

is a measure of body weight relative to

height. BMI was computed using

respondent-reported height and weight,

without shoes.

Body mass index is based on metric

units and is defined as body weight

divided by height2 (i.e., kilograms/

meters2

). The categories of BMI used in

this report are consistent with standard

BMI classifications used by the World

Health Organization (WHO) and the

Healthy People 2010 objectives (5,35).

Adults were classified as follows: obese

adults had a BMI of 30 or greater;

overweight but not obese adults had a

BMI of greater than or equal to 25 and

less than 30; healthy weight adults had a

BMI of greater than or equal to 18.5

and less than 25; and underweight adults
Page 6 [ Series 10, No. 230

had a BMI of less than 18.5. Tables 6.1

and 6.2 show categories of body weight

status representing ranges of BMI

values. Overweight, shown in Table 6.1,

is defined as a BMI of 25 or greater.

The BMI equivalents are listed in

footnotes in each table.

Sleep

In 2004, a question was added to

the Sample Adult core questionnaire that

asked adults how many hours of sleep

they usually get in a 24-hour period.

This question appears at the end of the

section on health behaviors and allows

responses in whole hours only. The

question on sleep previously was

included in NHIS in supplemental

questionnaires in 1985 and 1990.

Strengths and Limitations

of the Data

The collection of data on alcohol

use, cigarette smoking, leisure-time

physical activity, body weight, height,

and sleep on the annual Sample Adult

Core questionnaire makes it possible to

produce annual prevalence estimates for

these health behaviors for a nationally

representative sample of civilian

noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. By

combining data years, it is possible to

study the behaviors of some smaller

population subgroups that would have

too few cases to yield reliable estimates

with a single year of data. For this

report, the data on sleep are available

only for 2004. Data on health behaviors

are collected in combination with data

on a wide range of other health

characteristics (including chronic health

conditions, injury episodes, access to

medical care, and health insurance

coverage), making it possible to study

interrelationships among the various

health characteristics and to track these

relationships over time.

All information on alcohol use,

cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical

activity, height, weight, and sleep were

self-reported by one randomly selected

adult in each family. Self-reporting

enhances accuracy of the data to the

extent that respondents willingly provide

the information. It is recognized,

however, that there may be some

underreporting of some behaviors that

may be considered undesirable.

Estimates of behaviors generally thought

to be harmful to health (e.g., heavier

alcohol use, current cigarette smoking,

physical inactivity in leisure time,

overweight body weight status, and

sleeping 6 hours or less) can be

considered as conservative estimates of

the prevalence of such behaviors, given

that underreporting may occur. Body

weight relative to height is particularly

sensitive to underreporting. The nature

and extent of differences between

reported and measured height and

weight have been reported

elsewhere (36,37). The BMI measure

also has limitations in terms of its

potential for overestimating body mass

for persons who are very muscular or

underestimating it for persons who have

lost muscle mass, such as the elderly.

Most of the behaviors included in

this report are described in terms of

‘‘usual’’ or ‘‘average’’ behavior.

Questions were designed to elicit

information that would characterize

respondents’ typical behaviors and do

not allow detailed exploration of

patterns of behavior. In addition to the

questions being of a general nature, the

indicators described above and shown in

chapters 3–8 further generalize adult

health behavior characteristics in an

effort to provide a meaningful overview

for major population subgroups.

The strength of this approach is that

it provides a ‘‘snapshot’’ of the

important subgroups of the U.S.

population in terms of general

behavioral characteristics. It is possible

to estimate which groups are most likely

to drink heavily (on average), smoke

cigarettes daily or less than daily, be

completely sedentary or irregularly

active in their leisure time, be

overweight or obese, and get less than

7–8 hours of sleep. Together, these

estimates help pinpoint the groups that

might benefit most from health

education or other interventions. Such

estimates do not, however, identify

important patterns of unhealthy

behaviors. For example, the data

collected in NHIS do not allow for

clear identification of episodic heavy

(binge) drinkers, irregularities in

exercise patterns, fluctuations in body

weight status, or sleep patterns

(sleeping at night or napping). Some

information on patterns is captured for

smoking, with a series of questions

addressed to persons who smoked

cigarettes on a less-than-daily basis. A

discussion of the history of the NHIS

health behavior measures as well as

more information on their strengths

and limitations is available (24–28).

Statistical Analysis

With the exception of sleep, 3 years

of data were combined to increase

reliability of the estimates for some of

the smaller population subgroups. Even

with the 3 years of data, the standard

errors for some subgroups are quite

large. In tables shown in this report,

estimates with a relative standard error

greater than 30% and less than or equal

to 50% are considered statistically

unreliable and are indicated with an

asterisk (*). Readers should exercise

caution when interpreting these

statistics. A dagger (†) is substituted for

estimates with a relative standard error

greater than 50%. These estimates are

not statistically meaningful and,

therefore, are not shown.

The household response rate for the

NHIS data years 2002–04 was 88.5%.

This report is based on data from 93,222

completed interviews with sample adults

aged 18 years and over, representing an

overall sample adult response rate of

73.7%. Procedures used in calculating

response rates are described in detail in

Appendix I of the Survey Description of

the NHIS data files (31–33).

All estimates and associated

standard errors shown in this report

were generated using SUDAAN, a

software package designed to handle a

complex sample design such as that

used by NHIS (38). All estimates were

weighted, using the Sample Adult

Record Weight, to reflect the U.S.

civilian noninstitutionalized population

aged 18 years and over.

Most estimates presented in this

report were age adjusted to the 2000

U.S. standard population aged 18 years

and over (39,40). Age adjustment was

used to allow comparison among

various sociodemographic subgroups

that have different age structures. The
Series 10, No. 230

[ Page7

age categories used to age adjust the

2002–04 data are the same as those used

for the 1999–2001 report on health

behaviors of U.S. adults. The estimates

for this report were age adjusted using

the age groups 18–44 years, 45–64

years, and 65 years and over. The age

groups used in the first set of health

behavior reports (1997–98) differed

slightly in that the youngest of the three

age groups was divided into 18–24

years and 25–44 years, which resulted in

somewhat less stable age-adjusted

estimates.

Tables showing crude

(unadjusted) estimates by race, Hispanic

or Latino origin and race, education,

poverty status, marital status, geographic

region, and place of residence are

available in Appendix III

. These crude

estimates can be used in conjunction

with the population estimates (Table XXII) to calculate the numbers of

persons in each category shown in the

tables of this report.

Age-adjusted estimates were

compared using two-tailed

t-tests at the

0.05 level. No adjustments were made

for multiple comparisons.

Terms such as

‘‘greater than’’ and‘‘less than’’ indicate

a statistically significant difference. Terms such as ‘‘similar’’ or ‘‘no

difference’’ indicate that the statistics

being compared were not significantly

different. Lack of comment regarding

the difference between any two statistics

does not mean that the difference was

tested and found to be not significant.

Most statistics presented in this

report can be replicated using NHIS

public-use data files and accompanying

documentation available for

downloading from the NCHS website

at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm

.

Data for some of the smaller race and

ethnicity subgroups are not included

on the public-use data files to protect

respondent confidentiality

, and

therefore, corresponding estimates

cannot be replicated. Many of the

references cited in this report are also

available from the NCHS website at:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs.
Page 8 [ Series 10, No. 230

Chapter 3

Alcohol Use

All Adults

+ Overall, 61.4% of U.S. adults were

current drinkers, about 15% were

former drinkers, 24.2% adults were

lifetime abstainers, and about 5%

were heavier drinkers (Tables 3.1

and 3.2).

+ About one in five adults had five or

more drinks in 1 day at least once in

the past year. Among current

drinkers, nearly one in three had

five or more drinks in 1 day in the

past year (Tables 3.3 and 3.4).

Sex

+ Men (67.9%) were more likely than

women (55.5%) to be current

drinkers, and women (30.4%) were

nearly twice as likely as men

(17.0%) to be lifetime abstainers

(Table 3.1).

+ Men (21.8%) were about three times

as likely as women (7.2%) to be

moderate drinkers and somewhat

more likely than women to be

heavier drinkers (Table 3.2).

+ Men were more than twice as likely

as women to have had five or more

Figure 3.1. Percentage of adults who were current drinkers, by age and sex: United States,

2002–04

age group to about 4.0% for men Race

in the oldest age group and from

23% for women in the youngest + White men (70.3%) were more

age group to less than 1% in the likely than black men (55.2%) and

oldest age group (Table 3.3 and Asian men (55.9%) to be current

Figure 3.2). drinkers. About two-thirds of Native

Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year and nearly four times as

likely as women to have had this

much to drink in 1 day on at least

12 days during the past year

(Table 3.3).

Age

+ Current drinking was most prevalent

among adults aged 25–44 years for

both men (76.1%) and women

(63.0%) and declined steadily with

age from 45 years of age on

(Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1).

+ Consumption of five or more

drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year was strongly associated

with age for both men and women.

Rates of consuming five or more

drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year declined with age from

about 40% for men in the youngest

Figure 3.2. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year, by age and sex: United States, 2002–04
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 9

men (66.1%) and about one-half of

American Indian or Alaska Native

men (54.0%) were current drinkers.

White women were more likely to

be current drinkers than black

women, Native Hawaiian or other

Pacific Islander women, and Asian

women (Table 3.1 and Figure 3.3).

+ Lifetime abstinence was highest

(48.6%) among Asian adults

compared with the other race groups

shown (Table 3.1).

+ White men and women were more

likely than their black counterparts

to be heavier drinkers. American

Indian or Alaska Native men were

three times as likely as Asian men

to be heavier drinkers (Table 3.2).

+ White men (30.2%) were more

likely than black men (17.7%) and

more than twice as likely as Asian

men (13.2%) to have had five or

more drinks in 1 day in the past

year (Table 3.3 and Figure 3.4).

Hispanic or Latino Origin

and Race

+ Non-Hispanic adults (63.0%) were

more likely than Hispanic adults

(50.0%) to be current drinkers.

(Table 3.1).

+ Non-Hispanic men were more likely

than Hispanic men to be heavier

drinkers and non-Hispanic women

were more than twice as likely as

Hispanic women to be heavier

drinkers (Table 3.2).

+ Non-Hispanic white men (31.0%)

were more likely than Hispanic men

(26.8%) to have consumed five or

more drinks in 1 day in the past

year. Non-Hispanic white women

(14.5%) were almost twice as likely

as Hispanic women (6.7%) to have

consumed five or more drinks in 1

day in the past year (Table 3.3 and

Figure 3.5).

Education

+ The prevalence of current drinking

increased with education from

44.9% for adults with less than a

high school diploma to 74.9% for

adults with a graduate degree

(Table 3.1).

Figure 3.3. Percentage of adults who were current drinkers, by race and sex: United States,

2002–04

+ Sex differences in current drinking some type of college degree, over

prevalence were greatest among 70% of men and over 60% of

adults with fewer years of education. women were current drinkers

Among adults with less than a high (Table 3.1 and Figure 3.6).

school diploma, 56.2% of men and + Men with less than a high school

33.6% of women were current diploma (10.8%) were more than

drinkers. Among adults who had twice as likely as men who held

Figure 3.4. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year, by race and sex: United States, 2002–04
Page 10 [ Series 10, No. 230

Figure 3.5. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year, by Hispanic origin and race and sex: United States, 2002–04

the past year (Table 3.3 and

Figure 3.7).

Poverty Status

+ The prevalence of current drinking

increased dramatically with family

income: 46.1% of adults having

family incomes below the poverty

level were current drinkers

compared with 75.0% of adults who

had family incomes four times the

poverty level or more. Persons with

family incomes below the poverty

level (35.5%) were more than twice

as likely as adults with family

incomes four times the poverty level

or more (13.9%) to be lifetime

abstainers (Table 3.1).

+ Men with family incomes below the

poverty level (8.4%) were more

likely than men in the highest

family income group (5.4%) to be

heavier drinkers, and the inverse

was true for women. Women with

Figure 3.6. Percentage of adults who were current drinkers, by education and sex:

United States, 2002–04

advanced degrees (5.0%) to be + Adults who had earned a GED

former regular drinkers (Table 3.1). (23.5%) were more likely than

+ Heavier drinking was most adults who were high school

prevalent among men who had graduates (19.2%) and adults with

earned a General Educational less than a high school diploma

Development (GED) diploma (16.9%) to have had five or more

(9.4%) (Table 3.2). drinks in 1 day at least once during

family incomes below the poverty

level (3.6%) were more likely than

women in the highest family income

group (5.7%) to be heavier drinkers

(Table 3.2).

+ Adults in the upper family income

groups were more likely to have had

five or more drinks in 1 day at least

once in the past year than were

adults in the lower family income

groups (Table 3.3).

+ Among current drinkers, men and

women with family incomes below

the poverty level were more likely

than those in the highest family

income group to have had five or

more drinks in 1 day on at least 12

days in the past year (Table 3.4).

Marital Status

+ The prevalence of lifetime

abstention was highest among nevermarried adults (30.4%) and widowed

adults (30.9%) and lowest among

cohabiting adults (13.3%)

(Table 3.1).

+ Cohabiting adults (8.9%) and

divorced or separated adults (6.1%)

were more likely than married adults

(3.6%) to be heavier drinkers.

Widowed adults were more likely

than adults in any other marital
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 11

status group to be nondrinkers

(Table 3.2).

+ Cohabiting adults were more likely

than married adults to have had five

or more drinks in 1 day at least

once in the past year (Table 3.3).

Geographic Region

+ Adults living in the South were less

likely to be current drinkers than

adults living in the Northeast, the

Midwest, or the West. Lifetime

abstention was highest among adults

living in the South compared with

adults living in the other regions.

(Table 3.1).

+ Adults living in the Midwest

(24.0%) were more likely to have

had five or more drinks in 1 day at

least once in the past year than were

adults living in the Northeast

(20.4%), West (19.5%), or South

(16.5%) (Table 3.3). Figure 3.7. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year, by education: United States, 2002–04
Page 12 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 3.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Lifetime alcohol drinking status1

Lifetime Former Former

Selected characteristic Total abstainer infrequent regular Current

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 24.2 (0.31) 8.1 (0.13) 6.6 (0.12) 61.4 (0.33)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 24.0 (0.31) 8.1 (0.13) 6.6 (0.11) 61.6 (0.33)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 35.2 (0.80) 2.4 (0.18) 2.2 (0.17) 60.7 (0.80)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 19.9 (0.35) 6.2 (0.16) 4.6 (0.15) 69.5 (0.40)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 20.3 (0.38) 10.1 (0.23) 8.0 (0.21) 61.8 (0.42)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 28.7 (0.67) 12.8 (0.43) 11.4 (0.39) 47.4 (0.71)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 35.8 (0.67) 13.8 (0.46) 13.3 (0.45) 37.3 (0.73)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 21.1 (0.34) 7.8 (0.14) 6.8 (0.13) 64.6 (0.38)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 36.1 (0.71) 10.7 (0.37) 6.7 (0.29) 47.0 (0.68)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 25.2 (3.85) 11.8 (1.79) 12.8 (2.05) 50.7 (3.17)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 48.6 (1.25) 5.2 (0.53) 2.8 (0.39) 43.8 (1.19)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 32.2 (5.17) *7.2 (3.52) † 55.7 (5.54)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 19.8 (1.37) 10.4 (1.08) 9.6 (1.06) 60.3 (1.71)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 21.2 (3.61) *11.4 (3.90) *5.8 (2.05) 62.1 (5.63)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 17.2 (2.04) 10.1 (1.49) 11.1 (1.65) 61.7 (2.46)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 37.2 (0.60) 7.3 (0.27) 5.9 (0.26) 50.0 (0.60)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 37.4 (0.74) 7.9 (0.38) 6.3 (0.39) 48.7 (0.72)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 22.4 (0.33) 8.1 (0.14) 6.7 (0.13) 63.0 (0.35)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 18.9 (0.36) 7.9 (0.16) 6.9 (0.14) 66.6 (0.41)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 36.2 (0.72) 10.7 (0.38) 6.7 (0.29) 46.8 (0.67)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 37.3 (0.50) 10.1 (0.30) 8.3 (0.28) 44.9 (0.50)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 21.3 (1.07) 10.7 (0.78) 10.6 (0.74) 57.9 (1.19)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 26.5 (0.49) 9.0 (0.23) 6.9 (0.20) 58.0 (0.49)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 21.9 (0.43) 7.9 (0.26) 6.5 (0.24) 63.9 (0.51)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 18.6 (0.59) 8.4 (0.37) 6.4 (0.32) 66.7 (0.63)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 15.8 (0.41) 5.7 (0.23) 4.6 (0.22) 74.0 (0.50)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 15.3 (0.52) 4.6 (0.25) 5.3 (0.33) 74.9 (0.67)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 35.5 (0.85) 9.9 (0.37) 8.9 (0.37) 46.1 (0.79)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 31.1 (0.57) 9.9 (0.32) 8.5 (0.29) 50.8 (0.55)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 22.1 (0.37) 9.3 (0.25) 7.2 (0.23) 61.5 (0.45)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 13.9 (0.33) 6.0 (0.20) 5.1 (0.18) 75.0 (0.39)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 30.4 (0.58) 6.7 (0.31) 6.1 (0.30) 57.1 (0.61)

Married ................................... 100.0 22.5 (0.35) 8.6 (0.17) 6.8 (0.16) 62.3 (0.41)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 13.3 (0.70) 6.8 (0.50) 9.6 (0.76) 70.6 (1.02)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 19.4 (0.47) 8.9 (0.29) 8.4 (0.30) 63.6 (0.58)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 30.9 (1.89) 11.2 (1.16) 6.3 (0.73) 52.0 (1.97)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 18.4 (0.44) 7.1 (0.26) 6.1 (0.21) 68.6 (0.54)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 18.6 (0.74) 8.4 (0.23) 7.2 (0.23) 66.1 (0.78)

South .................................... 100.0 29.9 (0.53) 8.9 (0.27) 6.4 (0.20) 54.9 (0.53)

West .................................... 100.0 25.8 (0.58) 6.8 (0.19) 6.6 (0.29) 61.0 (0.66)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 26.1 (0.58) 8.3 (0.21) 6.1 (0.18) 59.8 (0.61)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 21.8 (0.31) 7.4 (0.17) 6.3 (0.15) 64.7 (0.36)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 27.1 (0.90) 9.5 (0.32) 8.3 (0.33) 55.5 (0.89)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 17.0 (0.34) 7.1 (0.16) 8.1 (0.17) 67.9 (0.36)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 16.9 (0.34) 7.0 (0.16) 7.9 (0.16) 68.4 (0.36)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 30.4 (0.96) 1.7 (0.23) 2.0 (0.26) 66.4 (0.97)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 14.4 (0.41) 4.9 (0.20) 4.7 (0.21) 76.1 (0.49)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 13.8 (0.41) 9.3 (0.32) 10.3 (0.31) 66.9 (0.52)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 16.7 (0.74) 11.7 (0.62) 15.7 (0.66) 56.3 (0.96)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 20.1 (0.84) 14.4 (0.78) 19.0 (0.83) 46.7 (1.08)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 13

Table 3.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Lifetime alcohol drinking status1

Lifetime Former Former

Selected characteristic Total abstainer infrequent regular Current

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 15.0 (0.36) 6.8 (0.17) 8.2 (0.19) 70.3 (0.40)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 26.1 (0.83) 10.3 (0.54) 8.9 (0.50) 55.2 (0.85)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 20.5 (3.80) 12.4 (2.44) 14.9 (2.60) 54.0 (4.00)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 35.6 (1.85) 5.8 (0.81) 3.3 (0.64) 55.9 (1.84)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 19.4 (4.73) † † 66.1 (6.39)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 15.0 (1.95) 9.7 (1.67) 11.0 (1.67) 64.6 (2.52)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 13.8 (4.00) † 10.9 (5.08) 66.5 (8.51)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 12.1 (2.93) 10.0 (2.45) 11.8 (2.40) 66.2 (3.56)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 22.4 (0.76) 6.6 (0.42) 8.0 (0.43) 63.3 (0.82)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 21.9 (1.00) 7.1 (0.54) 8.7 (0.61) 62.7 (1.03)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 16.3 (0.37) 7.2 (0.17) 8.2 (0.18) 68.6 (0.39)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 13.8 (0.38) 6.9 (0.19) 8.3 (0.20) 71.3 (0.43)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 26.2 (0.83) 10.3 (0.54) 8.9 (0.49) 54.9 (0.84)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 24.5 (0.65) 8.9 (0.41) 10.8 (0.43) 56.2 (0.69)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 14.9 (1.39) 8.6 (0.97) 13.0 (1.15) 64.1 (1.71)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 18.4 (0.57) 8.0 (0.32) 9.0 (0.33) 65.0 (0.60)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 16.1 (0.58) 7.1 (0.37) 8.1 (0.39) 68.9 (0.72)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 12.3 (0.70) 7.3 (0.55) 7.9 (0.51) 72.6 (0.91)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 12.1 (0.52) 5.2 (0.31) 5.0 (0.32) 77.8 (0.69)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 12.8 (0.67) 4.4 (0.36) 5.0 (0.42) 77.8 (0.91)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 23.2 (1.02) 9.0 (0.63) 12.0 (0.68) 56.2 (1.04)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 21.7 (0.76) 9.0 (0.49) 11.0 (0.52) 58.7 (0.79)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 16.2 (0.45) 8.5 (0.34) 9.1 (0.36) 66.4 (0.57)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 10.4 (0.40) 5.4 (0.24) 5.8 (0.27) 78.5 (0.52)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 23.4 (0.74) 6.7 (0.51) 8.1 (0.50) 62.1 (0.86)

Married ................................... 100.0 15.6 (0.40) 7.7 (0.21) 8.2 (0.23) 68.6 (0.46)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 7.7 (0.74) 5.6 (0.65) 11.1 (1.12) 75.9 (1.34)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 11.0 (0.54) 7.0 (0.40) 11.1 (0.52) 71.3 (0.78)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 16.3 (4.64) 5.9 (0.65) 9.3 (1.81) 68.9 (4.66)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 12.8 (0.53) 5.9 (0.30) 7.2 (0.34) 74.3 (0.63)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 13.0 (0.71) 6.9 (0.26) 8.8 (0.31) 71.6 (0.77)

South .................................... 100.0 21.1 (0.60) 8.6 (0.33) 8.2 (0.28) 62.4 (0.60)

West .................................... 100.0 18.3 (0.72) 6.0 (0.30) 8.1 (0.45) 67.9 (0.81)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 18.0 (0.60) 7.5 (0.27) 7.6 (0.29) 67.3 (0.65)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 15.8 (0.37) 6.6 (0.20) 7.5 (0.22) 70.3 (0.44)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 18.9 (0.95) 8.1 (0.43) 10.6 (0.48) 62.8 (0.92)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 30.4 (0.37) 8.9 (0.17) 5.4 (0.14) 55.5 (0.39)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 30.5 (0.36) 9.1 (0.17) 5.4 (0.14) 55.3 (0.38)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 40.1 (1.01) 3.1 (0.26) 2.4 (0.24) 54.9 (1.00)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 25.2 (0.44) 7.4 (0.23) 4.5 (0.19) 63.0 (0.48)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 26.4 (0.50) 10.8 (0.30) 5.8 (0.22) 57.2 (0.53)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 38.6 (0.89) 13.7 (0.55) 7.9 (0.44) 40.1 (0.88)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 45.8 (0.86) 13.5 (0.52) 9.7 (0.48) 31.2 (0.84)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 26.5 (0.41) 8.7 (0.19) 5.6 (0.16) 59.4 (0.46)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 43.6 (0.92) 11.0 (0.45) 5.2 (0.33) 40.6 (0.81)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 29.3 (5.11) 12.0 (2.36) 10.5 (2.48) 47.6 (3.59)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 61.5 (1.47) 4.6 (0.63) 2.2 (0.49) 31.8 (1.29)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 51.7 (9.43) † † 40.9 (9.08)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 23.2 (1.85) 11.3 (1.48) 8.6 (1.40) 57.0 (2.46)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 27.1 (5.71) 10.9 (4.35) † 58.7 (6.41)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 20.8 (2.82) 10.4 (2.04) 10.7 (2.09) 58.3 (3.47)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 14 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 3.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Lifetime alcohol drinking status1

Lifetime Former Former

Selected characteristic Total abstainer infrequent regular Current

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 51.0 (0.78) 8.1 (0.40) 4.1 (0.26) 37.1 (0.80)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 52.9 (1.01) 8.9 (0.56) 4.3 (0.38) 34.3 (0.99)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 27.7 (0.39) 9.0 (0.18) 5.5 (0.15) 58.1 (0.41)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 23.4 (0.43) 8.8 (0.20) 5.7 (0.17) 62.3 (0.49)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 43.6 (0.93) 11.1 (0.46) 5.1 (0.33) 40.5 (0.81)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 49.2 (0.72) 11.3 (0.41) 6.3 (0.33) 33.6 (0.68)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 28.3 (1.48) 12.9 (1.15) 7.9 (0.83) 51.1 (1.55)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 33.4 (0.60) 9.9 (0.31) 5.4 (0.24) 51.6 (0.63)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 26.8 (0.59) 8.7 (0.34) 5.1 (0.26) 59.6 (0.65)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 23.3 (0.81) 9.3 (0.49) 5.3 (0.41) 62.3 (0.85)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 19.4 (0.55) 6.2 (0.32) 4.2 (0.28) 70.3 (0.64)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 18.6 (0.76) 4.8 (0.39) 5.4 (0.47) 71.3 (0.88)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 43.3 (0.95) 10.6 (0.44) 7.1 (0.38) 39.3 (0.92)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 38.4 (0.71) 10.7 (0.40) 6.7 (0.34) 44.4 (0.68)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 27.8 (0.50) 10.1 (0.34) 5.6 (0.26) 56.8 (0.55)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 17.8 (0.47) 6.7 (0.29) 4.4 (0.25) 71.2 (0.56)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 37.2 (0.78) 6.8 (0.38) 4.5 (0.34) 51.8 (0.77)

Married ................................... 100.0 29.5 (0.43) 9.4 (0.23) 5.2 (0.18) 56.1 (0.49)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 19.5 (1.26) 8.2 (0.87) 7.7 (1.09) 64.9 (1.43)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 24.9 (0.63) 10.2 (0.40) 6.6 (0.34) 58.4 (0.71)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 34.7 (2.01) 12.8 (1.48) 5.5 (0.79) 47.2 (2.04)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 23.2 (0.62) 8.2 (0.36) 5.2 (0.30) 63.7 (0.71)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 23.3 (0.86) 9.8 (0.35) 5.9 (0.29) 61.2 (0.91)

South .................................... 100.0 37.6 (0.62) 9.4 (0.31) 5.0 (0.25) 48.1 (0.62)

West .................................... 100.0 32.7 (0.71) 7.6 (0.27) 5.4 (0.25) 54.5 (0.76)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 33.0 (0.72) 9.0 (0.30) 5.0 (0.21) 53.2 (0.74)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 27.3 (0.39) 8.2 (0.22) 5.2 (0.19) 59.5 (0.42)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 34.2 (1.04) 10.7 (0.37) 6.3 (0.37) 49.1 (1.07)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These estimates should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the

standard of reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Lifetime alcohol drinking status: Lifetime abstainer is less than 12 drinks in lifetime; former infrequent is at least 12 drinks in lifetime, but less than 12 drinks in 1 year and none in past year; former

regular is at least 12 drinks in lifetime and at least 12 drinks in 1 year, but none in past year; current is at least 12 drinks in lifetime and 1 or more drinks in past year.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

3Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Appendix Table III. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown lifetime drinking status. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 15

Table 3.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Current alcohol drinking status1

Selected characteristic Total Nondrinker Infrequent Light Moderate Heavier

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 38.6 (0.33) 13.2 (0.16) 29.0 (0.22) 14.2 (0.18) 4.7 (0.10)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 38.4 (0.33) 13.2 (0.16) 29.0 (0.22) 14.2 (0.18) 4.7 (0.10)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 39.3 (0.80) 9.9 (0.38) 29.7 (0.58) 14.1 (0.49) 6.6 (0.42)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 30.5 (0.40) 14.4 (0.23) 34.6 (0.34) 15.4 (0.25) 4.8 (0.14)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 38.2 (0.42) 14.4 (0.25) 27.8 (0.33) 14.5 (0.28) 4.9 (0.15)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 52.6 (0.71) 11.6 (0.39) 19.7 (0.56) 12.1 (0.42) 3.6 (0.22)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 62.7 (0.73) 10.4 (0.38) 14.9 (0.46) 9.6 (0.45) 2.1 (0.18)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 35.4 (0.38) 13.2 (0.18) 30.5 (0.26) 15.5 (0.21) 5.2 (0.12)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 53.0 (0.68) 13.2 (0.44) 21.4 (0.54) 8.7 (0.30) 3.3 (0.21)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 49.3 (3.17) 11.0 (1.74) 23.5 (2.00) 10.5 (1.56) 4.8 (0.90)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 56.2 (1.19) 11.5 (0.59) 23.2 (1.00) 7.4 (0.60) 1.3 (0.24)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 44.3 (5.54) 12.2 (3.11) 25.7 (5.09) *10.1 (3.32) †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 39.7 (1.71) 16.8 (1.24) 26.9 (1.36) 11.5 (1.06) 4.9 (0.69)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 37.9 (5.63) *12.0 (4.04) 30.1 (4.52) *12.5 (4.72) *7.0 (2.54)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 38.3 (2.46) 19.3 (2.06) 24.9 (2.17) 11.7 (1.80) 5.6 (1.38)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 50.0 (0.60) 12.4 (0.38) 24.4 (0.43) 9.9 (0.32) 2.9 (0.17)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 51.3 (0.72) 11.9 (0.50) 23.0 (0.53) 10.3 (0.41) 3.1 (0.22)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 37.0 (0.35) 13.3 (0.18) 29.6 (0.24) 14.8 (0.20) 5.0 (0.11)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 33.4 (0.41) 13.4 (0.20) 31.3 (0.28) 16.2 (0.23) 5.5 (0.13)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 53.2 (0.67) 13.1 (0.43) 21.4 (0.54) 8.6 (0.30) 3.3 (0.21)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 55.1 (0.50) 11.2 (0.33) 19.0 (0.40) 9.7 (0.29) 4.5 (0.22)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 42.1 (1.19) 14.7 (0.92) 23.7 (0.95) 12.0 (0.74) 6.9 (0.60)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 42.0 (0.49) 14.2 (0.29) 25.7 (0.35) 12.9 (0.31) 4.8 (0.16)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 36.1 (0.51) 13.9 (0.31) 30.0 (0.45) 14.3 (0.37) 5.5 (0.24)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 33.3 (0.63) 15.3 (0.47) 31.9 (0.60) 14.5 (0.45) 4.8 (0.30)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 26.0 (0.50) 12.6 (0.31) 37.0 (0.49) 19.4 (0.42) 4.8 (0.21)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 25.1 (0.67) 11.8 (0.46) 40.5 (0.71) 19.6 (0.53) 2.9 (0.23)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 53.9 (0.79) 11.4 (0.39) 19.5 (0.54) 9.3 (0.40) 5.5 (0.37)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 49.2 (0.55) 13.6 (0.39) 22.6 (0.42) 10.1 (0.36) 4.2 (0.20)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 38.5 (0.45) 14.7 (0.29) 28.6 (0.38) 13.2 (0.28) 4.8 (0.16)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 25.0 (0.39) 12.9 (0.25) 36.9 (0.38) 19.7 (0.34) 5.5 (0.19)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 42.9 (0.61) 10.8 (0.34) 26.2 (0.46) 14.2 (0.38) 5.6 (0.24)

Married ................................... 100.0 37.7 (0.41) 14.1 (0.21) 30.3 (0.29) 14.1 (0.22) 3.6 (0.11)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 29.4 (1.02) 11.9 (0.61) 31.5 (0.97) 17.9 (0.84) 8.9 (0.50)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 36.4 (0.58) 14.8 (0.39) 28.4 (0.50) 14.0 (0.33) 6.1 (0.25)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 48.0 (1.97) 14.0 (1.29) 22.8 (1.82) 9.7 (1.47) 5.0 (1.06)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 31.4 (0.54) 14.2 (0.39) 33.5 (0.52) 16.1 (0.41) 4.5 (0.18)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 33.9 (0.78) 13.6 (0.30) 32.0 (0.49) 15.1 (0.38) 5.0 (0.20)

South .................................... 100.0 45.1 (0.53) 12.9 (0.27) 24.8 (0.31) 12.4 (0.30) 4.6 (0.17)

West .................................... 100.0 39.0 (0.66) 12.4 (0.34) 28.8 (0.46) 14.7 (0.38) 4.7 (0.25)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 40.2 (0.61) 12.7 (0.27) 28.4 (0.40) 13.8 (0.31) 4.7 (0.18)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 35.3 (0.36) 13.4 (0.21) 31.2 (0.29) 15.1 (0.24) 4.7 (0.14)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 44.5 (0.89) 13.5 (0.43) 24.1 (0.50) 12.5 (0.39) 4.9 (0.22)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 32.1 (0.36) 9.9 (0.19) 30.4 (0.28) 21.8 (0.29) 5.6 (0.16)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 31.6 (0.36) 9.9 (0.19) 30.7 (0.28) 21.9 (0.29) 5.6 (0.16)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 33.6 (0.97) 7.5 (0.50) 29.2 (0.87) 21.5 (0.82) 7.7 (0.63)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 23.9 (0.49) 10.1 (0.30) 36.3 (0.46) 23.6 (0.40) 5.9 (0.21)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 33.1 (0.52) 10.6 (0.33) 28.7 (0.47) 21.8 (0.47) 5.5 (0.23)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 43.7 (0.96) 10.2 (0.58) 22.7 (0.80) 18.7 (0.69) 4.2 (0.35)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 53.3 (1.08) 9.7 (0.64) 18.3 (0.89) 16.3 (0.82) 2.0 (0.26)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 16 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 3.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Current alcohol drinking status1

Selected characteristic Total Nondrinker Infrequent Light Moderate Heavier

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 29.7 (0.40) 9.7 (0.21) 31.1 (0.32) 23.3 (0.34) 5.9 (0.18)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 44.8 (0.85) 10.5 (0.61) 24.7 (0.79) 15.2 (0.61) 4.4 (0.35)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 46.0 (4.00) 7.7 (2.24) 20.2 (2.69) 18.4 (2.86) 5.8 (1.43)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 44.1 (1.84) 12.2 (1.06) 29.0 (1.55) 12.2 (1.14) 2.0 (0.46)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 33.9 (6.39) *10.5 (3.45) 34.0 (6.67) 12.3 (3.52) †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 35.4 (2.52) 12.8 (1.74) 25.4 (2.10) 19.6 (1.95) 6.5 (1.17)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 33.5 (8.51) † 34.8 (7.43) 22.1 (6.58) †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 33.8 (3.56) 13.3 (2.64) 22.5 (3.47) 20.6 (3.21) 9.7 (2.85)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 36.7 (0.82) 10.1 (0.53) 31.5 (0.70) 17.2 (0.56) 4.1 (0.30)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 37.3 (1.03) 10.0 (0.67) 29.8 (0.90) 17.9 (0.71) 4.7 (0.41)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 31.4 (0.39) 9.9 (0.21) 30.2 (0.30) 22.4 (0.32) 5.8 (0.17)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 28.7 (0.43) 9.7 (0.23) 31.2 (0.35) 24.1 (0.37) 6.2 (0.20)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 45.1 (0.84) 10.4 (0.58) 24.7 (0.78) 15.0 (0.60) 4.4 (0.36)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 43.8 (0.69) 9.4 (0.47) 23.5 (0.59) 16.2 (0.52) 6.5 (0.37)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 35.9 (1.71) 11.8 (1.29) 25.0 (1.45) 17.3 (1.21) 9.4 (0.95)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 35.0 (0.60) 10.7 (0.37) 27.4 (0.54) 20.6 (0.50) 6.0 (0.26)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 31.1 (0.72) 10.1 (0.42) 30.4 (0.69) 22.1 (0.63) 6.1 (0.37)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 27.4 (0.91) 10.6 (0.65) 32.9 (0.98) 23.2 (0.87) 5.9 (0.52)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 22.2 (0.69) 9.1 (0.41) 36.4 (0.69) 27.5 (0.70) 4.6 (0.30)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 22.2 (0.91) 8.9 (0.63) 40.9 (1.06) 25.9 (0.93) 2.1 (0.25)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 43.8 (1.04) 8.6 (0.62) 22.9 (0.87) 15.8 (0.74) 8.4 (0.70)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 41.3 (0.79) 10.1 (0.53) 25.0 (0.67) 17.3 (0.68) 5.9 (0.35)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 33.6 (0.57) 10.9 (0.38) 28.7 (0.54) 20.4 (0.46) 6.1 (0.28)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 21.5 (0.52) 9.5 (0.30) 36.1 (0.52) 27.5 (0.52) 5.4 (0.27)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 37.9 (0.86) 7.7 (0.41) 26.6 (0.67) 21.0 (0.65) 6.5 (0.37)

Married ................................... 100.0 31.4 (0.46) 11.0 (0.27) 32.6 (0.38) 20.8 (0.34) 4.1 (0.18)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 24.1 (1.34) 9.4 (0.80) 30.2 (1.31) 26.2 (1.22) 9.8 (0.75)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 28.7 (0.78) 8.8 (0.49) 28.6 (0.78) 24.7 (0.68) 8.7 (0.46)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 31.1 (4.66) 8.1 (1.90) 30.7 (4.70) 22.9 (4.37) *6.7 (2.61)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 25.7 (0.63) 10.4 (0.44) 34.4 (0.66) 24.2 (0.58) 5.1 (0.31)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 28.4 (0.77) 10.1 (0.43) 31.8 (0.62) 23.4 (0.64) 6.0 (0.33)

South .................................... 100.0 37.6 (0.60) 9.9 (0.32) 27.3 (0.41) 19.1 (0.46) 5.7 (0.27)

West .................................... 100.0 32.1 (0.81) 9.2 (0.38) 30.7 (0.56) 22.6 (0.63) 5.1 (0.35)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 32.7 (0.65) 9.8 (0.33) 30.5 (0.54) 21.3 (0.48) 5.4 (0.27)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 29.7 (0.44) 9.9 (0.27) 32.4 (0.38) 22.5 (0.38) 5.2 (0.22)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 37.2 (0.92) 10.1 (0.48) 25.1 (0.63) 20.4 (0.65) 6.7 (0.37)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 44.5 (0.39) 16.3 (0.22) 27.8 (0.29) 7.2 (0.16) 4.0 (0.11)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 44.7 (0.38) 16.3 (0.22) 27.5 (0.29) 7.2 (0.16) 4.0 (0.10)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 45.1 (1.00) 12.2 (0.55) 30.1 (0.80) 6.7 (0.43) 5.5 (0.42)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 37.0 (0.48) 18.4 (0.33) 33.0 (0.42) 7.6 (0.25) 3.8 (0.16)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 42.8 (0.53) 17.9 (0.36) 27.0 (0.45) 7.7 (0.25) 4.3 (0.19)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 59.9 (0.88) 12.7 (0.55) 17.2 (0.71) 6.7 (0.44) 3.1 (0.29)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 68.8 (0.84) 10.8 (0.45) 12.7 (0.50) 5.3 (0.43) 2.1 (0.24)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 17

Table 3.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Current alcohol drinking status1

Selected characteristic Total Nondrinker Infrequent Light Moderate Heavier

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 40.6 (0.46) 16.5 (0.25) 30.0 (0.36) 8.2 (0.19) 4.4 (0.13)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 59.4 (0.81) 15.4 (0.57) 18.9 (0.60) 3.5 (0.24) 2.5 (0.21)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 52.4 (3.59) 14.2 (2.36) 26.5 (2.91) 3.1 (0.89) 3.7 (1.02)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 68.2 (1.29) 11.1 (0.86) 17.5 (1.06) 2.6 (0.41) *0.5 (0.20)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 59.1 (9.08) *14.6 (5.93) *12.5 (3.92) † †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 43.0 (2.46) 20.0 (1.84) 28.6 (2.01) 4.7 (0.88) 3.6 (0.74)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 41.3 (6.41) *18.8 (6.78) 28.4 (5.33) † *9.0 (3.54)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 41.7 (3.47) 23.9 (3.01) 27.1 (3.02) *4.8 (1.53) *2.4 (0.80)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 62.9 (0.80) 14.8 (0.51) 17.6 (0.54) 2.8 (0.23) 1.6 (0.15)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 65.7 (0.99) 13.9 (0.68) 16.1 (0.67) 2.4 (0.27) 1.5 (0.20)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 41.9 (0.41) 16.5 (0.24) 29.2 (0.32) 7.8 (0.17) 4.3 (0.12)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 37.7 (0.49) 16.9 (0.28) 31.5 (0.39) 8.9 (0.21) 4.8 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 59.5 (0.81) 15.3 (0.57) 18.9 (0.61) 3.5 (0.25) 2.5 (0.22)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 66.4 (0.68) 13.2 (0.46) 14.4 (0.49) 3.1 (0.24) 2.5 (0.19)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 48.9 (1.55) 17.8 (1.23) 22.4 (1.33) 6.5 (0.82) 4.2 (0.62)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 48.4 (0.63) 17.6 (0.41) 24.3 (0.45) 5.7 (0.26) 3.6 (0.20)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 40.4 (0.65) 17.2 (0.45) 29.6 (0.58) 7.5 (0.33) 5.0 (0.26)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 37.7 (0.85) 19.1 (0.68) 31.2 (0.77) 7.9 (0.49) 3.9 (0.33)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 29.7 (0.64) 15.8 (0.49) 37.5 (0.63) 11.8 (0.50) 5.1 (0.29)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 28.7 (0.88) 15.2 (0.70) 40.2 (0.99) 11.9 (0.59) 3.8 (0.37)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 60.7 (0.92) 13.4 (0.53) 17.3 (0.62) 4.7 (0.32) 3.6 (0.31)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 55.6 (0.68) 16.5 (0.52) 20.8 (0.54) 4.2 (0.26) 2.7 (0.20)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 43.2 (0.55) 18.5 (0.40) 28.4 (0.44) 6.1 (0.26) 3.5 (0.17)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 28.8 (0.56) 16.5 (0.42) 37.6 (0.56) 11.2 (0.38) 5.7 (0.26)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 48.2 (0.77) 14.0 (0.53) 26.2 (0.61) 6.7 (0.32) 4.6 (0.30)

Married ................................... 100.0 43.9 (0.49) 17.1 (0.29) 28.0 (0.40) 7.5 (0.22) 3.3 (0.13)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 35.1 (1.43) 14.3 (0.94) 32.6 (1.31) 9.4 (1.00) 8.3 (0.80)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 41.6 (0.71) 18.7 (0.54) 28.3 (0.64) 6.8 (0.30) 4.4 (0.28)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 52.8 (2.04) 15.6 (1.51) 20.6 (1.91) 6.1 (1.25) 4.6 (1.12)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 36.3 (0.71) 17.6 (0.53) 32.7 (0.71) 9.1 (0.44) 4.0 (0.22)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 38.8 (0.91) 16.9 (0.40) 32.5 (0.66) 7.4 (0.31) 4.1 (0.22)

South .................................... 100.0 51.9 (0.62) 15.8 (0.37) 22.5 (0.43) 6.1 (0.27) 3.6 (0.16)

West .................................... 100.0 45.5 (0.76) 15.4 (0.46) 27.1 (0.61) 7.4 (0.29) 4.4 (0.27)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 46.8 (0.74) 15.3 (0.38) 26.5 (0.52) 7.1 (0.26) 4.1 (0.20)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 40.5 (0.42) 16.8 (0.29) 30.3 (0.40) 8.0 (0.23) 4.2 (0.16)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 50.9 (1.07) 16.8 (0.57) 23.3 (0.66) 5.3 (0.24) 3.3 (0.21)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Current alcohol drinking status: Nondrinker is defined as no drinks in the past year (includes both former drinkers and lifetime abstainers); infrequent is defined as at least 12 drinks in lifetime and

1–11 drinks in past year; light is defined as at least 12 drinks in lifetime, at least 12 drinks in the past year, and 3 drinks or fewer per week, on average; moderate is defined as at least 12 drinks in

lifetime, at least 12 drinks in past year, and more than 3 and up to 14 drinks per week for men and more than 3 and up to 7 drinks per week for women, on average; heavier is defined as at least 12 in

lifetime lifetime, at least 12 drinks in past year, and more than 14 drinks per week for men and more than 7 drinks per week for women, on average.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Appendix Table IV. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown lifetime and unknown current drinking status. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 18 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 3.3. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least

once in the past year, and age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks

in 1 day on at least 12 days in the past year, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Five or more drinks in 1 day at least once Five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days

Selected characteristic Both sexes Men Women Both sexes Men Women

Percent of adults (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ................

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 ....................

19.7 (0.24)

19.6 (0.24)

28.1 (0.36)

28.5 (0.38)

11.8 (0.20)

11.5 (0.19)

9.1 (0.15)

9.0 (0.15)

14.6 (0.27)

14.8 (0.28)

3.8 (0.10)

3.7 (0.10)

Age2

18–24 years .................................

25–44 years .................................

45–64 years .................................

65–74 years .................................

75 years and over .............................

32.0 (0.80)

26.3 (0.36)

14.4 (0.26)

5.4 (0.30)

1.8 (0.18)

41.3 (1.15)

37.3 (0.55)

22.0 (0.42)

9.4 (0.56)

3.7 (0.40)

22.9 (0.79)

15.8 (0.34)

7.3 (0.24)

2.2 (0.25)

0.5 (0.10)

17.2 (0.64)

11.5 (0.22)

6.3 (0.18)

2.7 (0.19)

0.8 (0.11)

25.2 (1.04)

18.7 (0.38)

10.8 (0.33)

5.1 (0.39)

1.8 (0.25)

9.3 (0.51)

4.6 (0.17)

2.3 (0.13)

0.8 (0.15)

*0.2 (0.07)

Race

White, single race..............................

Black or African American, single race .................

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ............

Asian, single race ..............................

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ........

2 or more races ...............................

Black or African American, white ...................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ..............

21.6 (0.28)

11.0 (0.34)

21.6 (1.93)

8.0 (0.66)

26.2 (5.71)

20.2 (1.17)

19.1 (3.49)

22.2 (2.21)

30.2 (0.41)

17.7 (0.63)

28.1 (3.16)

13.2 (1.22)

36.6 (8.38)

29.3 (2.22)

31.4 (7.70)

32.2 (3.41)

13.4 (0.24)

5.6 (0.29)

15.1 (2.42)

2.7 (0.45)

†

12.7 (1.31)

11.7 (3.17)

14.3 (2.79)

9.9 (0.18)

5.7 (0.28)

12.3 (1.47)

3.3 (0.37)

*9.5 (4.09)

9.0 (0.94)

11.9 (2.94)

9.8 (1.69)

15.6 (0.31)

9.8 (0.51)

17.9 (2.47)

6.0 (0.72)

*11.2 (5.28)

15.7 (1.75)

23.0 (6.82)

18.6 (3.20)

4.3 (0.13)

2.4 (0.22)

7.0 (1.29)

*0.4 (0.13)

†

3.5 (0.78)

*5.5 (2.41)

*2.9 (1.20)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino..............................

Mexican or Mexican-American.....................

Not Hispanic or Latino ...........................

White, single race ............................

Black or African American, single race................

16.7 (0.38)

18.5 (0.49)

20.2 (0.26)

22.5 (0.31)

10.9 (0.34)

26.8 (0.67)

29.5 (0.87)

28.4 (0.40)

31.0 (0.46)

17.6 (0.63)

6.7 (0.28)

7.1 (0.38)

12.6 (0.22)

14.5 (0.27)

5.5 (0.29)

8.9 (0.28)

10.3 (0.38)

9.1 (0.17)

10.1 (0.20)

5.6 (0.28)

15.5 (0.51)

17.9 (0.70)

14.6 (0.31)

15.8 (0.34)

9.7 (0.52)

2.2 (0.18)

2.5 (0.25)

4.1 (0.12)

4.6 (0.14)

2.4 (0.23)

Education

Less than high school graduate .....................

GED diploma3 ................................

High school graduate............................

Some college—no degree.........................

Associate of arts degree..........................

Bachelor of arts, science degree.....................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ...................

16.9 (0.37)

23.5 (1.03)

19.2 (0.40)

21.2 (0.43)

20.3 (0.51)

21.7 (0.43)

16.9 (0.54)

26.0 (0.64)

32.0 (1.57)

27.7 (0.59)

30.0 (0.68)

30.6 (0.91)

30.1 (0.68)

22.1 (0.84)

7.5 (0.33)

14.6 (1.09)

10.9 (0.37)

13.5 (0.43)

12.3 (0.57)

14.1 (0.45)

10.9 (0.62)

9.6 (0.30)

13.1 (0.83)

9.7 (0.29)

10.1 (0.32)

9.0 (0.34)

7.9 (0.27)

4.9 (0.29)

15.9 (0.54)

19.7 (1.38)

15.8 (0.49)

16.2 (0.54)

15.6 (0.69)

12.5 (0.50)

7.5 (0.52)

3.2 (0.23)

6.2 (0.71)

3.8 (0.22)

4.7 (0.26)

3.9 (0.33)

3.9 (0.23)

2.0 (0.24)

Poverty status4

Below poverty level .............................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ......................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ......................

4 times poverty level or more.......................

17.9 (0.66)

17.7 (0.43)

20.4 (0.35)

24.1 (0.35)

27.7 (1.11)

26.4 (0.74)

28.5 (0.57)

32.8 (0.54)

11.2 (0.55)

10.4 (0.42)

12.4 (0.35)

14.8 (0.38)

10.4 (0.52)

9.0 (0.32)

9.9 (0.26)

9.7 (0.22)

18.3 (0.93)

15.4 (0.61)

15.8 (0.46)

15.0 (0.38)

5.0 (0.41)

3.7 (0.22)

3.9 (0.20)

4.1 (0.21)

Marital status

Never married ................................

Married ....................................

Cohabiting ..................................

Divorced or separated ...........................

Widowed ...................................

22.8 (0.47)

16.9 (0.26)

28.2 (0.75)

20.9 (0.46)

14.1 (1.64)

30.5 (0.71)

24.8 (0.41)

37.1 (1.14)

33.5 (0.81)

30.2 (4.66)

14.1 (0.44)

9.5 (0.23)

19.4 (0.82)

12.6 (0.48)

9.6 (1.60)

12.3 (0.38)

6.7 (0.15)

15.0 (0.60)

10.3 (0.33)

6.0 (0.98)

18.1 (0.63)

11.2 (0.27)

22.7 (0.95)

19.6 (0.68)

14.2 (2.93)

5.9 (0.30)

2.5 (0.11)

7.4 (0.52)

4.2 (0.28)

3.7 (1.00)

Geographic region

Northeast ...................................

Midwest ....................................

South .....................................

West ......................................

20.4 (0.47)

24.0 (0.58)

16.5 (0.39)

19.5 (0.41)

28.9 (0.77)

33.2 (0.87)

24.3 (0.60)

28.3 (0.64)

12.9 (0.44)

15.4 (0.48)

9.2 (0.29)

11.0 (0.40)

8.8 (0.33)

11.0 (0.39)

8.3 (0.24)

8.4 (0.26)

14.2 (0.63)

17.6 (0.68)

13.6 (0.40)

13.4 (0.42)

4.0 (0.24)

4.9 (0.25)

3.3 (0.15)

3.5 (0.21)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 19

Table 3.3. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least

once in the past year, and age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks

in 1 day on at least 12 days in the past year, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Five or more drinks in 1 day at least once Five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days

Selected characteristic Both sexes Men Women Both sexes Men Women

Place of residence5 Percent of adults (standard error)

MSA, central city .............................. 19.4 (0.42) 27.9 (0.59) 11.7 (0.39) 9.3 (0.27) 14.6 (0.43) 4.4 (0.21)

MSA, not central city ............................ 19.9 (0.32) 28.1 (0.48) 12.0 (0.28) 8.6 (0.20) 14.0 (0.36) 3.4 (0.14)

Not MSA ................................... 19.5 (0.59) 28.3 (0.88) 11.3 (0.49) 9.9 (0.38) 16.3 (0.66) 4.0 (0.24)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

2Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude

percentages, refer to Table V. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown lifetime drinking status and/or unknown five or more drinks in 1 day. See Appendix II for definitions of

terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 20 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 3.4. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in 1

day at least once in the past year, and age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers 18 years of age and over who

had five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days in the past year, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Five or more drinks in 1 day at least once Five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days

Selected characteristic Both sexes Men Women Both sexes Men Women

Percent of current drinkers (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ................

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 ....................

30.5 (0.30)

32.0 (0.33)

40.0 (0.42)

42.0 (0.45)

19.9 (0.30)

20.8 (0.32)

14.1 (0.21)

14.7 (0.23)

20.8 (0.34)

21.8 (0.37)

6.5 (0.17)

6.8 (0.18)

Age2

18–24 years .................................

25–44 years .................................

45–64 years .................................

65–74 years .................................

75 years and over .............................

53.4 (0.96)

38.1 (0.44)

23.4 (0.40)

11.5 (0.60)

4.8 (0.47)

63.0 (1.26)

49.3 (0.61)

33.1 (0.60)

16.8 (0.93)

8.0 (0.83)

42.0 (1.16)

25.2 (0.51)

12.9 (0.40)

5.4 (0.61)

1.8 (0.33)

28.6 (0.92)

16.6 (0.29)

10.3 (0.28)

5.7 (0.40)

2.2 (0.29)

38.4 (1.34)

24.7 (0.47)

16.2 (0.48)

9.1 (0.66)

3.8 (0.53)

17.1 (0.87)

7.4 (0.27)

4.0 (0.23)

1.9 (0.37)

*0.7 (0.23)

Race

White, single race..............................

Black or African American, single race .................

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ............

Asian, single race ..............................

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ........

2 or more races ...............................

Black or African American, white ...................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ..............

31.8 (0.33)

22.3 (0.63)

37.0 (2.93)

17.7 (1.43)

46.7 (10.30)

31.0 (1.68)

31.9 (4.98)

32.8 (3.02)

41.5 (0.47)

31.0 (1.01)

46.3 (4.24)

23.1 (1.99)

61.7 (9.22)

43.4 (2.88)

47.6 (9.27)

45.6 (4.30)

21.2 (0.33)

13.1 (0.74)

26.3 (3.90)

7.7 (1.22)

*20.8 (8.45)

19.5 (1.86)

21.1 (5.05)

21.2 (4.01)

14.5 (0.23)

11.7 (0.57)

20.4 (2.31)

7.1 (0.83)

*15.4 (6.19)

13.9 (1.44)

19.7 (4.32)

14.7 (2.43)

21.4 (0.37)

17.3 (0.89)

28.2 (3.39)

10.5 (1.25)

*14.7 (6.63)

23.3 (2.52)

33.9 (8.56)

26.2 (4.18)

6.8 (0.19)

5.7 (0.61)

12.0 (2.21)

*1.1 (0.37)

*14.0 (6.91)

5.4 (1.16)

*10.3 (4.19)

*4.3 (1.75)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino..............................

Mexican or Mexican-American.....................

Not Hispanic or Latino ...........................

White, single race ............................

Black or African American, single race................

31.9 (0.68)

36.5 (0.96)

30.4 (0.32)

32.0 (0.35)

22.2 (0.64)

41.1 (0.95)

45.9 (1.21)

40.0 (0.46)

41.9 (0.50)

31.0 (1.02)

16.7 (0.67)

19.3 (1.06)

20.2 (0.32)

21.6 (0.35)

13.0 (0.74)

16.9 (0.54)

20.5 (0.79)

13.8 (0.23)

14.3 (0.25)

11.7 (0.57)

23.7 (0.78)

27.9 (1.05)

20.5 (0.37)

21.3 (0.40)

17.3 (0.89)

5.7 (0.44)

6.8 (0.68)

6.6 (0.18)

6.9 (0.20)

5.7 (0.62)

Education

Less than high school graduate .....................

GED diploma3 ................................

High school graduate............................

Some college—no degree.........................

Associate of arts degree..........................

Bachelor of arts, science degree.....................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ...................

35.4 (0.66)

38.8 (1.56)

31.6 (0.55)

32.2 (0.57)

29.3 (0.69)

28.7 (0.51)

22.1 (0.67)

44.5 (0.94)

48.7 (2.10)

41.4 (0.76)

42.4 (0.81)

41.1 (1.12)

37.9 (0.77)

27.8 (0.98)

20.6 (0.83)

25.7 (1.84)

20.0 (0.62)

21.9 (0.66)

18.9 (0.83)

19.5 (0.60)

14.9 (0.83)

20.3 (0.60)

21.9 (1.33)

16.0 (0.43)

15.2 (0.46)

13.0 (0.49)

10.5 (0.35)

6.5 (0.39)

27.3 (0.88)

30.1 (1.98)

23.5 (0.67)

22.7 (0.71)

20.9 (0.89)

15.7 (0.60)

9.5 (0.64)

8.7 (0.62)

11.3 (1.35)

6.9 (0.39)

7.6 (0.40)

5.9 (0.50)

5.4 (0.33)

2.7 (0.33)

Poverty status4

Below poverty level .............................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ......................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ......................

4 times poverty level or more.......................

36.0 (1.03)

32.4 (0.71)

31.8 (0.48)

31.3 (0.40)

47.2 (1.59)

42.9 (1.08)

41.6 (0.71)

41.0 (0.59)

25.1 (1.03)

21.1 (0.79)

20.7 (0.56)

20.0 (0.50)

21.1 (0.91)

16.6 (0.56)

15.4 (0.38)

12.6 (0.28)

31.2 (1.45)

25.1 (0.93)

23.1 (0.63)

18.7 (0.45)

11.2 (0.83)

7.4 (0.45)

6.6 (0.34)

5.5 (0.28)

Marital status

Never married ................................

Married ....................................

Cohabiting ..................................

Divorced or separated ...........................

Widowed ...................................

37.7 (0.70)

26.2 (0.36)

38.7 (1.00)

31.6 (0.61)

25.1 (2.52)

47.3 (0.98)

34.9 (0.51)

47.6 (1.36)

45.9 (0.97)

41.6 (5.39)

25.1 (0.74)

16.2 (0.37)

28.7 (1.23)

20.3 (0.73)

18.7 (2.71)

20.5 (0.63)

10.4 (0.22)

20.7 (0.86)

15.6 (0.46)

10.8 (1.68)

28.1 (0.97)

15.7 (0.36)

29.2 (1.24)

26.9 (0.88)

19.9 (3.86)

10.5 (0.56)

4.3 (0.19)

11.1 (0.78)

6.7 (0.45)

7.3 (1.86)

Geographic region

Northeast ...................................

Midwest ....................................

South .....................................

West ......................................

28.6 (0.56)

34.4 (0.65)

28.2 (0.56)

31.2 (0.58)

38.0 (0.88)

44.7 (0.89)

37.1 (0.76)

41.0 (0.82)

19.2 (0.60)

23.3 (0.63)

17.5 (0.49)

19.8 (0.70)

12.3 (0.44)

15.8 (0.47)

14.2 (0.35)

13.4 (0.40)

18.7 (0.79)

23.6 (0.76)

20.8 (0.53)

19.5 (0.58)

5.9 (0.35)

7.4 (0.36)

6.3 (0.28)

6.3 (0.38)

See footnotes at end of table. ......................
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 21

Table 3.4. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in 1

day at least once in the past year, and age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers 18 years of age and over who

had five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days in the past year, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

—Con.

Five or more drinks in 1 day at least once Five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days

Selected characteristic Both sexes Men Women Both sexes Men Women

Place of residence5 Percent of current drinkers (standard error)

MSA, central city .............................. 31.0 (0.54) 40.1 (0.70) 20.6 (0.58) 14.8 (0.38) 21.0 (0.57) 7.8 (0.35)

MSA, not central city ............................ 29.5 (0.40) 38.9 (0.55) 19.1 (0.41) 12.8 (0.28) 19.4 (0.46) 5.5 (0.21)

Not MSA ................................... 32.8 (0.77) 42.9 (1.06) 21.0 (0.80) 16.7 (0.53) 24.7 (0.82) 7.4 (0.42)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

2Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude

percentages, refer to Table VI. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown lifetime drinking status, nondrinkers, and current drinkers with unknown information for five or more

drinks in 1 day. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 22 [ Series 10, No. 230

Chapter 4

Cigarette Smoking

All Adults

+ Overall, 21.5% of U.S. adults were

current smokers, about 22% of

adults were former smokers, and

over one-half of adults (56.6%) had

never smoked cigarettes (Table 4.1).

+ Among all adults, 17.5% smoked

daily and 4% smoked less than daily

(Table 4.2 and Figure 4.1).

+ About one in four nondaily smokers

(25.6%) smoked on 5 days or less in

the past 30 days, and about 16% of

nondaily smokers smoked on 21

days or more during the past 30

days (Figure 4.2).

+ Daily smokers smoked an average

of 17 cigarettes a day, compared

with 5 cigarettes a day for nondaily

smokers on days that they smoked

(Table 4.2).

+ Approximately one-half of all

current smokers (daily and nondaily)

(49.6%) usually smoked fewer than

15 cigarettes on days smoked, and

about 4 in 10 (37.1%) usually

smoked 15–24 cigarettes on days

smoked (Table 4.3 and Figure 4.3).

+ Approximately 3 in 10 current

smokers (30.0%) started smoking

before the age of 16 years, and

about 1 in 5 current smokers

(18.8%) started smoking at age 21

years or over (Table 4.4 and

Figure 4.4).

+ About 4 in 10 current smokers

(42.4%) attempted to quit smoking

in the past year, with nondaily

smokers (53.3%) more likely than

daily smokers (40.2%) to have

attempted to quit (Table 4.5).

Sex

+ Men (23.8%) were more likely than

women (19.4%) to be current

smokers and also more likely to be

former smokers (Table 4.1)

+ Male smokers (daily and nondaily)

were about twice as likely as female

smokers to usually smoke 35 or

more cigarettes on days smoked

(Table 4.3).

Figure 4.1. Percent distributions of current cigarette smoking status of adults, by sex:

United States, 2002–04

21 days or more 

15.9% 

Figure 4.2. Percent distribution of number of days smoked in the past 30 days among adult

nondaily smokers: United States, 2002–04

6–10 days 

18.9% 

5 days or less 

25.6% 

16–20 days 

17.6% 

11–15 days 

22.1% 

+ Male smokers were more likely than + Female smokers were more likely

female smokers to have started than male smokers to have

smoking before the age of 16 years, attempted to quit smoking in the

and female smokers were more past year (Table 4.5).

likely than male smokers to have

started smoking at age 21 years and

over (Table 4.4).
35 or more cigarettes 

5.6% 

25–34 

cigarettes 

7.6% 

15–24 cigarettes 

37.1% 

Less than 

15 cigarettes 

49.6% 

Figure 4.3. Percent distribution of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all

adult current smokers: United States, 2002–04

21 years 

and over 

18.8% 

18–20 years 

27.2% 

16–17 years 

24.1% 

Less than 

16 years 

30.0% 

Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 23

smokers in any other age group

(Table 4.2).

+ About 4 in 10 current smokers aged

18–24 years (39.3%) started

smoking before the age of 16 years

(Table 4.4).

+ Among daily smokers, attempts to

quit smoking in the past year were

strongly associated with age: about

one-half (51.0%) of the youngest

group had attempted to quit,

declining steadily to about 3 in 10

(29.2%) of daily smokers in the

oldest age group (Table 4.5 and

Figure 4.5).

Race

+ American Indian or Alaska Native

adults (32.9%) were more likely

than white adults (22.2%), black

adults (20.9%), and Asian adults

(11.6%) to be current smokers

(Table 4.1).

+ Asian men (17.1%) were less likely

to be current smokers than any other

single-race group studied: American

Indian or Alaska Native men

(34.4%); black men, (25.2%); and

white men (24.0%). American

Indian or Alaska Native women

(31.1%) were about five times as

likely as Asian women (5.9%) to be

current smokers (Table 4.1).

+ White female daily smokers (16

cigarettes) and American Indian or

Alaska Native female daily

smokers (15 cigarettes) smoked

more cigarettes a day, on average,

on days smoked than black female

daily smokers (12 cigarettes)

(Table 4.2).

+ White male smokers (daily and

nondaily) were about four times as

likely as black male smokers to

usually smoke 35 cigarettes or more

on days smoked (Table 4.3).

Figure 4.4. Percent distribution of age of smoking initiation among all adult current + Asian smokers (31.8%) and black

smokers: United States, 2002–04 smokers (27.0%) were more likely

than white smokers (17.3%) or

American Indian or Alaska Native

Age and over (55.9%) were more likely smokers (15.2%) to have started

than young men to be former smoking on or after their 21st

+ Current smoking was most prevalent smokers (Table 4.1). birthday (Table 4.4).

among adults aged 18–24 years + The mean number of cigarettes on

(25.3%) and 25–44 years (25.0%) days smoked was higher among

and declined with age. Men aged current smokers aged 45–64 years

65–74 years (53.5%) and 75 years (17 cigarettes) than among current
Page 24 [ Series 10, No. 230

Figure 4.5. Percentage of adult current smokers who tried to quit in the past year, by age

and smoking frequency: United States, 2002–04

Figure 4.6. Mean number of cigarettes on days smoked by adult current smokers, by

Hispanic origin and race and sex, United States, 2002–04

Hispanic or Latino Origin + Non-Hispanic white women (21.9%)

and Race were more likely than non-Hispanic

black women (17.6%) and twice as

+ Non-Hispanic white adults (23.3%) likely as Hispanic women (10.5%)

and non-Hispanic black adults to be current smokers (Table 4.1).

(20.9%) were more likely than + Non-Hispanic white male smokers

Hispanic adults (15.2%) to be smoked an average of about 20

current smokers (Table 4.1). cigarettes on days smoked compared

with 14 cigarettes for non-Hispanic

black male smokers and 12

cigarettes for Hispanic males who

smoked. Non-Hispanic white female

smokers smoked an average of

about 17 cigarettes on days smoked

compared with 12 cigarettes for

non-Hispanic black female smokers

and 11 cigarettes for Hispanic

females who smoked (Table 4.2 and

Figure 4.6).

+ Non-Hispanic white male smokers

were more likely than non-Hispanic

black male smokers to have started

smoking before age 16 years

(Table 4.4).

Education

+ With the exception of adults having

a General Educational Development

(GED) high school equivalency

diploma, for whom current smoking

rates were very high (41.5%),

prevalence of current cigarette

smoking declined steadily with

increasing education—from 29.7%

among adults with less than a high

school diploma to 7.4% among

adults with a masters, doctorate, or

medical degree (Table 4.1).

+ Men who had earned a bachelor of

arts or science degree (9.5%) were

almost twice as likely as men who

held graduate degrees (5.4%) to be

daily smokers (Table 4.2).

+ Adult current smokers with less than

a high school diploma (43.0%) were

more than twice as likely as adults

with a bachelor’s degree or higher to

have started smoking before the

age of 16 years (Table 4.4 and

Figure 4.7).

Poverty Status

+ Men with family incomes below the

poverty level (33.5%) were almost

twice as likely as men in the highest

family income group (18.5%) to be

current smokers, and women with

family incomes below the poverty

level (28.7%) were twice as likely

as women in the highest family

income group (14.4%) to be current

smokers (Table 4.1).

+ Smokers with the lowest family

incomes were more likely to have
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 25

started smoking before 16 years of

age than were smokers in the

highest family income groups

(Table 4.4).

Marital Status

+ Cohabiting adults (35.8%) and

divorced or separated adults (33.2%)

were more likely than never married

adults (22.3%) and married adults

(17.6%) to be current smokers

(Table 4.1).

+ Prevalence of daily smoking was

about twice as high among

cohabiting adults as married adults

(Table 4.2).

+ Cohabiting male smokers (34.4%)

were less likely than married male

smokers (41.6%), divorced or

separated male smokers (41.5%), or

never married male smokers (40.2%)

to have attempted to quit smoking in

the past year (Table 4.5).

Geographic Region

+ Adults living in the West (17.2%)

were less likely to be current

smokers than those living in the

Northeast (20.4%), South (22.9%),

or Midwest (24.1%) (Table 4.1).

+ Daily smokers living in the West

smoked an average of about 15

cigarettes on days smoked,

compared with about 17 cigarettes

for smokers living in the Northeast

and about 18 cigarettes for smokers

living in the Midwest and South

(Table 4.2).

Figure 4.7. Percentage of adult current smokers who started smoking younger than 16

years of age, by level of education: United States, 2002–04
Page 26 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 4.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Lifetime cigarette smoking status1

Selected characteristic Total Never smoker Former smoker Current smoker

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ............... 100.0 56.6 (0.26) 21.9 (0.17) 21.5 (0.21)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 56.4 (0.27) 21.9 (0.19) 21.6 (0.21)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 67.5 (0.73) 7.2 (0.33) 25.3 (0.65)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 60.8 (0.38) 14.2 (0.24) 25.0 (0.32)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 49.3 (0.41) 28.4 (0.33) 22.4 (0.33)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 46.9 (0.62) 41.2 (0.56) 11.9 (0.39)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 55.7 (0.62) 38.5 (0.61) 5.8 (0.30)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 54.6 (0.30) 23.2 (0.19) 22.2 (0.24)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 63.5 (0.55) 15.6 (0.41) 20.9 (0.57)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 45.9 (3.67) 21.3 (2.47) 32.9 (2.53)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 74.5 (0.96) 13.9 (0.83) 11.6 (0.68)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 51.9 (7.38) 16.0 (3.96) 32.1 (6.62)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 47.4 (1.75) 22.4 (1.41) 30.1 (1.56)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 58.5 (5.42) *13.9 (4.20) 27.6 (3.87)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 34.7 (2.29) 25.4 (1.96) 40.0 (2.54)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 69.0 (0.53) 15.8 (0.41) 15.2 (0.37)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 70.1 (0.72) 15.4 (0.56) 14.6 (0.46)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 54.9 (0.29) 22.5 (0.18) 22.6 (0.24)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 52.7 (0.32) 24.0 (0.20) 23.3 (0.27)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 63.5 (0.55) 15.6 (0.40) 20.9 (0.56)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 52.0 (0.57) 18.3 (0.33) 29.7 (0.54)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 33.2 (1.07) 25.3 (0.99) 41.5 (1.10)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 52.7 (0.41) 21.2 (0.33) 26.1 (0.35)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 54.9 (0.45) 23.6 (0.37) 21.6 (0.39)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 55.1 (0.69) 24.7 (0.56) 20.2 (0.50)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 64.8 (0.48) 23.3 (0.40) 11.9 (0.31)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 69.6 (0.58) 23.0 (0.56) 7.4 (0.33)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 53.8 (0.78) 15.6 (0.44) 30.6 (0.68)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 53.6 (0.54) 18.6 (0.38) 27.8 (0.48)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 53.2 (0.44) 23.1 (0.35) 23.7 (0.37)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 57.9 (0.40) 25.6 (0.30) 16.5 (0.29)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 61.9 (0.51) 15.8 (0.40) 22.3 (0.47)

Married ................................... 100.0 57.8 (0.33) 24.6 (0.23) 17.6 (0.25)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 40.2 (0.97) 24.0 (0.95) 35.8 (0.86)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 45.4 (0.54) 21.4 (0.42) 33.2 (0.51)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 53.5 (2.00) 19.1 (1.28) 27.4 (1.86)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 55.7 (0.58) 24.0 (0.39) 20.4 (0.49)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 53.4 (0.53) 22.5 (0.35) 24.1 (0.42)

South .................................... 100.0 56.8 (0.46) 20.3 (0.31) 22.9 (0.36)

West .................................... 100.0 60.8 (0.53) 22.1 (0.32) 17.2 (0.43)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 58.8 (0.42) 20.3 (0.33) 21.0 (0.36)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 57.0 (0.37) 23.0 (0.23) 20.0 (0.29)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 52.3 (0.60) 21.1 (0.45) 26.6 (0.54)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ............... 100.0 50.0 (0.33) 26.2 (0.25) 23.8 (0.28)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 50.3 (0.35) 25.5 (0.27) 24.2 (0.28)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 64.6 (1.00) 7.3 (0.49) 28.1 (0.92)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 57.7 (0.47) 14.5 (0.31) 27.8 (0.43)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 41.6 (0.55) 34.0 (0.49) 24.5 (0.48)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 33.6 (0.83) 53.5 (0.85) 12.9 (0.58)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 37.8 (1.04) 55.9 (1.03) 6.3 (0.48)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 27

Table 4.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Lifetime cigarette smoking status1

Selected characteristic Total Never smoker Former smoker Current smoker

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 49.0 (0.37) 27.1 (0.27) 24.0 (0.32)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 54.6 (0.85) 20.2 (0.64) 25.2 (0.80)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 43.1 (4.51) 22.5 (3.41) 34.4 (3.26)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 60.7 (1.58) 22.2 (1.42) 17.1 (1.16)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 47.1 (8.60) 15.8 (4.66) 37.1 (8.06)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 42.2 (2.63) 25.9 (2.45) 31.9 (2.24)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 59.8 (8.30) † 30.8 (6.30)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 26.7 (3.39) 28.4 (3.18) 44.8 (3.92)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 58.5 (0.83) 21.6 (0.70) 19.9 (0.58)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 59.7 (1.11) 20.9 (0.94) 19.4 (0.75)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 48.9 (0.36) 26.6 (0.26) 24.5 (0.31)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 47.6 (0.41) 27.6 (0.28) 24.8 (0.35)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 54.8 (0.86) 20.2 (0.64) 25.0 (0.80)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 42.1 (0.75) 24.2 (0.52) 33.7 (0.68)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 25.9 (1.44) 28.9 (1.44) 45.1 (1.53)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 45.3 (0.57) 26.1 (0.49) 28.6 (0.51)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 49.3 (0.68) 27.8 (0.56) 22.9 (0.55)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 48.3 (1.04) 29.0 (0.91) 22.7 (0.81)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 60.3 (0.65) 26.5 (0.55) 13.2 (0.50)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 67.3 (0.81) 24.6 (0.79) 8.2 (0.49)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 45.7 (1.10) 20.8 (0.82) 33.5 (0.97)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 45.1 (0.72) 22.8 (0.58) 32.1 (0.71)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 46.8 (0.58) 26.9 (0.49) 26.3 (0.51)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 52.8 (0.52) 28.6 (0.40) 18.5 (0.40)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 56.0 (0.73) 18.5 (0.62) 25.5 (0.67)

Married ................................... 100.0 51.4 (0.41) 28.6 (0.31) 20.0 (0.33)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 35.4 (1.34) 26.6 (1.29) 38.0 (1.23)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 37.8 (0.82) 25.1 (0.68) 37.2 (0.83)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 42.4 (4.68) 24.4 (2.70) 33.2 (5.07)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 50.8 (0.77) 27.5 (0.55) 21.7 (0.66)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 46.7 (0.64) 26.9 (0.54) 26.4 (0.53)

South .................................... 100.0 49.5 (0.56) 25.0 (0.39) 25.5 (0.47)

West .................................... 100.0 54.2 (0.66) 26.1 (0.53) 19.6 (0.57)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 51.7 (0.56) 24.9 (0.49) 23.4 (0.47)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 51.2 (0.46) 26.8 (0.32) 22.0 (0.39)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 44.7 (0.74) 26.0 (0.63) 29.3 (0.68)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ............... 100.0 62.3 (0.32) 18.4 (0.22) 19.4 (0.25)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 62.1 (0.32) 18.7 (0.23) 19.2 (0.25)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 70.4 (0.88) 7.1 (0.45) 22.5 (0.75)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 63.8 (0.47) 13.9 (0.33) 22.3 (0.39)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 56.5 (0.51) 23.1 (0.39) 20.4 (0.38)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 57.9 (0.78) 30.9 (0.69) 11.2 (0.50)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 67.2 (0.73) 27.4 (0.73) 5.5 (0.36)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 59.4 (0.37) 20.0 (0.26) 20.5 (0.29)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 70.1 (0.61) 12.3 (0.47) 17.5 (0.60)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 48.8 (4.76) 20.0 (2.85) 31.1 (3.49)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 88.5 (0.97) 5.6 (0.75) 5.9 (0.72)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 58.2 (9.91) *16.5 (6.57) *25.3 (8.43)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 51.9 (2.06) 19.7 (1.65) 28.4 (1.90)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 52.1 (6.69) 22.0 (6.31) 25.9 (5.09)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 41.0 (3.14) 23.0 (2.56) 36.0 (3.32)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 28 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 4.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Lifetime cigarette smoking status1

Selected characteristic Total Never smoker Former smoker Current smoker

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 78.8 (0.54) 10.7 (0.40) 10.5 (0.38)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 80.7 (0.73) 10.0 (0.50) 9.3 (0.51)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 60.0 (0.34) 19.2 (0.24) 20.7 (0.28)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 57.1 (0.39) 21.0 (0.28) 21.9 (0.32)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 70.0 (0.61) 12.4 (0.48) 17.6 (0.60)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 61.1 (0.77) 13.2 (0.38) 25.7 (0.70)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 41.2 (1.59) 21.2 (1.40) 37.6 (1.52)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 58.4 (0.54) 17.9 (0.41) 23.7 (0.47)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 59.6 (0.59) 20.1 (0.46) 20.4 (0.50)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 60.1 (0.80) 21.7 (0.71) 18.2 (0.57)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 69.4 (0.66) 19.9 (0.58) 10.7 (0.40)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 72.9 (0.84) 20.5 (0.77) 6.6 (0.46)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 58.8 (0.88) 12.5 (0.46) 28.7 (0.80)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 60.0 (0.74) 15.8 (0.45) 24.2 (0.64)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 59.2 (0.57) 19.7 (0.43) 21.1 (0.50)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 63.4 (0.54) 22.2 (0.45) 14.4 (0.36)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 67.6 (0.66) 13.5 (0.52) 18.9 (0.54)

Married ................................... 100.0 64.8 (0.42) 19.9 (0.31) 15.3 (0.29)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 45.8 (1.48) 20.5 (1.36) 33.7 (1.24)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 50.4 (0.69) 19.1 (0.51) 30.5 (0.63)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 56.2 (2.20) 18.1 (1.44) 25.7 (1.95)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 59.7 (0.71) 21.1 (0.55) 19.2 (0.61)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 59.1 (0.63) 19.0 (0.41) 21.9 (0.52)

South .................................... 100.0 63.2 (0.55) 16.3 (0.39) 20.4 (0.43)

West .................................... 100.0 66.7 (0.65) 18.6 (0.43) 14.7 (0.44)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 64.6 (0.52) 16.7 (0.38) 18.7 (0.44)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 62.2 (0.45) 19.8 (0.31) 18.0 (0.34)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 58.7 (0.75) 17.3 (0.49) 24.0 (0.65)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Lifetime cigarette smoking status: Never smoker—never smoked at all or smoked less than 100 cigarettes in lifetime; Former smoker—smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime, but not currently

smoking; Current smoker—smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime and currently smoked.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Table VII. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown smoking status. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 29

Table 4.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

and age-adjusted mean number (with standard errors) of cigarettes on days smoked among current smokers 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Current cigarette smoking status Number of cigarettes on days smoked

Non- Nondaily Daily All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic Total smoker smoker smoker smokers smokers smokers

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error) Mean (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ............. 100.0 78.5 (0.21) 4.0 (0.08) 17.5 (0.19) 15.0 (0.10) 4.9 (0.11) 17.1 (0.11)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................. 100.0 78.4 (0.21) 4.0 (0.08) 17.6 (0.19) 14.9 (0.10) 4.8 (0.09) 17.1 (0.10)

Age:2

18–24 years ............................. 100.0 74.7 (0.65) 6.1 (0.31) 19.2 (0.55) 11.1 (0.19) 3.9 (0.18) 13.2 (0.20)

25–44 years ............................. 100.0 75.0 (0.32) 5.0 (0.13) 20.0 (0.28) 14.4 (0.13) 4.7 (0.13) 16.7 (0.15)

45–64 years ............................. 100.0 77.6 (0.33) 3.4 (0.12) 19.0 (0.30) 17.2 (0.15) 5.6 (0.20) 19.2 (0.17)

65–74 years ............................. 100.0 88.1 (0.39) 1.8 (0.15) 10.1 (0.35) 15.9 (0.39) 5.1 (0.41) 17.6 (0.43)

75 years and over.......................... 100.0 94.2 (0.30) 0.8 (0.12) 4.9 (0.28) 14.7 (0.53) 6.2 (1.11) 15.9 (0.58)

Race:

White, single race .......................... 100.0 77.8 (0.24) 3.9 (0.09) 18.3 (0.22) 15.8 (0.11) 5.0 (0.12) 17.9 (0.12)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 79.1 (0.57) 4.6 (0.21) 16.3 (0.50) 11.1 (0.18) 4.9 (0.28) 12.7 (0.22)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........ 100.0 67.1 (2.53) 7.2 (1.27) 25.7 (2.30) 14.4 (0.96) 4.7 (0.58) 17.1 (1.04)

Asian, single race .......................... 100.0 88.4 (0.68) 2.7 (0.36) 8.9 (0.62) 10.1 (0.49) 3.2 (0.37) 11.6 (0.54)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .... 100.0 67.9 (6.62) † 28.6 (5.99) 11.7 (1.73) 8.7 (0.94) 12.2 (1.63)

2 or more races ........................... 100.0 69.9 (1.56) 6.4 (0.81) 23.8 (1.51) 14.2 (0.69) 5.1 (0.68) 16.4 (0.77)

Black or African American, white ............... 100.0 72.4 (3.87) *5.7 (1.84) 21.8 (3.50) 11.8 (1.04) 4.6 (1.06) 13.5 (1.08)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white........... 100.0 60.0 (2.54) 6.3 (1.38) 33.6 (2.53) 16.5 (1.06) 4.8 (0.71) 18.4 (1.11)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino .......................... 100.0 84.8 (0.37) 5.0 (0.22) 10.2 (0.31) 9.2 (0.21) 3.7 (0.24) 11.4 (0.25)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................. 100.0 85.4 (0.46) 5.6 (0.29) 8.9 (0.40) 7.9 (0.27) 3.7 (0.31) 10.1 (0.33)

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................... 100.0 77.4 (0.24) 3.9 (0.09) 18.7 (0.22) 15.5 (0.10) 5.1 (0.12) 17.5 (0.11)

White, single race ........................ 100.0 76.7 (0.27) 3.8 (0.10) 19.5 (0.24) 16.3 (0.11) 5.2 (0.13) 18.3 (0.12)

Black or African American, single race ............ 100.0 79.1 (0.56) 4.6 (0.21) 16.3 (0.50) 11.0 (0.18) 4.9 (0.28) 12.7 (0.22)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................. 100.0 70.3 (0.54) 4.6 (0.21) 25.1 (0.50) 15.9 (0.20) 5.0 (0.25) 17.6 (0.21)

GED diploma3 ............................ 100.0 58.5 (1.10) 4.2 (0.42) 37.3 (1.11) 17.4 (0.41) 5.1 (0.44) 18.9 (0.43)

High school graduate ........................ 100.0 73.9 (0.35) 4.2 (0.16) 21.9 (0.34) 15.6 (0.15) 5.1 (0.21) 17.5 (0.16)

Some college—no degree ..................... 100.0 78.4 (0.39) 4.2 (0.18) 17.3 (0.35) 14.7 (0.23) 4.7 (0.21) 16.9 (0.25)

Associate of arts degree ...................... 100.0 79.8 (0.50) 4.3 (0.24) 15.8 (0.43) 14.3 (0.31) 5.8 (0.53) 16.5 (0.33)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................. 100.0 88.1 (0.31) 3.5 (0.17) 8.3 (0.26) 12.2 (0.28) 4.5 (0.22) 15.0 (0.31)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............... 100.0 92.6 (0.33) 2.5 (0.20) 4.9 (0.26) 12.0 (0.43) 5.0 (0.61) 15.1 (0.53)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ......................... 100.0 69.4 (0.68) 5.5 (0.27) 25.1 (0.63) 15.0 (0.26) 5.4 (0.42) 16.9 (0.27)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................. 100.0 72.2 (0.48) 5.0 (0.21) 22.8 (0.46) 15.1 (0.25) 5.0 (0.29) 17.1 (0.26)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................. 100.0 76.3 (0.37) 4.1 (0.16) 19.5 (0.35) 15.7 (0.19) 4.8 (0.21) 17.8 (0.20)

4 times poverty level or more ................... 100.0 83.5 (0.29) 3.5 (0.13) 13.0 (0.26) 14.5 (0.20) 4.5 (0.14) 17.0 (0.23)

Marital status:

Never married ............................ 100.0 77.7 (0.47) 5.0 (0.21) 17.2 (0.43) 13.8 (0.32) 4.4 (0.19) 16.2 (0.32)

Married ................................ 100.0 82.4 (0.25) 3.2 (0.10) 14.4 (0.23) 15.4 (0.15) 4.7 (0.15) 17.5 (0.16)

Cohabiting .............................. 100.0 64.2 (0.86) 5.1 (0.37) 30.7 (0.82) 16.0 (0.46) 4.0 (0.32) 17.6 (0.45)

Divorced or separated ....................... 100.0 66.8 (0.51) 5.4 (0.25) 27.8 (0.49) 16.3 (0.22) 5.8 (0.32) 18.3 (0.21)

Widowed ............................... 100.0 72.6 (1.86) 3.6 (0.66) 23.8 (1.86) 16.6 (0.90) *7.7 (3.02) 18.0 (0.90)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................... 100.0 79.6 (0.49) 3.8 (0.17) 16.6 (0.43) 14.6 (0.21) 5.1 (0.28) 16.5 (0.21)

Midwest ................................ 100.0 75.9 (0.42) 4.2 (0.19) 19.9 (0.37) 15.8 (0.20) 5.3 (0.20) 17.8 (0.21)

South ................................. 100.0 77.1 (0.36) 4.0 (0.13) 18.9 (0.33) 15.6 (0.17) 5.0 (0.17) 17.7 (0.19)

West .................................. 100.0 82.8 (0.43) 4.1 (0.17) 13.0 (0.35) 12.6 (0.17) 4.3 (0.26) 14.8 (0.21)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city .......................... 100.0 79.0 (0.36) 4.6 (0.16) 16.4 (0.32) 13.4 (0.16) 4.8 (0.24) 15.6 (0.17)

MSA, not central city ........................ 100.0 80.0 (0.29) 3.8 (0.11) 16.2 (0.25) 15.0 (0.14) 5.0 (0.15) 17.2 (0.15)

Not MSA ............................... 100.0 73.4 (0.54) 3.7 (0.17) 22.9 (0.52) 16.6 (0.22) 5.0 (0.19) 18.4 (0.23)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ............. 100.0 76.2 (0.28) 4.5 (0.12) 19.3 (0.25) 16.1 (0.14) 5.1 (0.17) 18.4 (0.16)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................. 100.0 75.8 (0.28) 4.6 (0.12) 19.6 (0.26) 15.9 (0.13) 4.9 (0.13) 18.4 (0.14)

Age:2

18–24 years ............................. 100.0 71.9 (0.92) 6.9 (0.45) 21.1 (0.83) 11.8 (0.28) 4.0 (0.26) 14.2 (0.29)

25–44 years ............................. 100.0 72.2 (0.43) 5.8 (0.20) 22.0 (0.38) 15.2 (0.18) 4.8 (0.17) 17.9 (0.20)

45–64 years ............................. 100.0 75.5 (0.48) 3.5 (0.18) 21.0 (0.45) 18.7 (0.23) 5.8 (0.31) 20.7 (0.25)

65–74 years ............................. 100.0 87.1 (0.58) 1.9 (0.23) 11.0 (0.54) 17.5 (0.62) 5.5 (0.71) 19.3 (0.67)

75 years and over.......................... 100.0 93.7 (0.48) 0.7 (0.16) 5.5 (0.47) 16.0 (0.84) 7.0 (1.74) 17.0 (0.93)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 30 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 4.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

and age-adjusted mean number (with standard errors) of cigarettes on days smoked among current smokers 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Current cigarette smoking status Number of cigarettes on days smoked

Non- Nondaily Daily All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic Total smoker smoker smoker smokers smokers smokers

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error) Mean (standard error)

Race:

White, single race .......................... 100.0 76.0 (0.32) 4.2 (0.13) 19.8 (0.29) 17.2 (0.16) 5.3 (0.20) 19.4 (0.17)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 74.8 (0.80) 5.6 (0.35) 19.6 (0.73) 11.8 (0.28) 5.0 (0.38) 13.6 (0.32)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........ 100.0 65.6 (3.26) 8.5 (1.69) 26.0 (3.02) 15.6 (1.26) 5.1 (0.71) 18.9 (1.31)

Asian, single race .......................... 100.0 82.9 (1.16) 4.0 (0.58) 13.2 (1.08) 10.0 (0.58) 3.5 (0.48) 11.4 (0.61)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .... 100.0 62.9 (8.06) † 31.1 (7.14) 9.2 (1.19) 8.7 (0.94) 9.9 (1.22)

2 or more races ........................... 100.0 68.1 (2.24) 6.3 (1.11) 25.6 (2.15) 16.4 (1.09) 6.2 (0.89) 18.5 (1.20)

Black or African American, white ............... 100.0 69.2 (6.30) *6.2 (2.45) 24.6 (6.10) 12.3 (1.19) *3.9 (1.24) 14.0 (1.11)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white........... 100.0 55.2 (3.92) *5.3 (1.81) 39.5 (3.82) 19.0 (1.49) 8.0 (1.34) 20.3 (1.58)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino .......................... 100.0 80.1 (0.58) 6.8 (0.37) 13.1 (0.50) 9.3 (0.28) 3.7 (0.24) 11.5 (0.35)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................. 100.0 80.6 (0.75) 7.6 (0.45) 11.8 (0.67) 8.1 (0.32) 3.7 (0.33) 10.2 (0.42)

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................... 100.0 75.5 (0.31) 4.2 (0.13) 20.3 (0.29) 16.9 (0.15) 5.4 (0.19) 19.0 (0.16)

White, single race ........................ 100.0 75.2 (0.35) 3.9 (0.14) 20.8 (0.33) 17.9 (0.17) 5.5 (0.22) 20.0 (0.18)

Black or African American, single race ............ 100.0 75.0 (0.80) 5.5 (0.36) 19.5 (0.73) 11.8 (0.28) 5.0 (0.37) 13.6 (0.32)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................. 100.0 66.3 (0.68) 5.6 (0.31) 28.0 (0.64) 16.6 (0.28) 5.4 (0.35) 18.5 (0.30)

GED diploma3 ............................ 100.0 54.9 (1.53) 4.1 (0.62) 41.0 (1.53) 18.4 (0.53) 4.7 (0.55) 19.9 (0.53)

High school graduate ........................ 100.0 71.4 (0.51) 4.7 (0.23) 23.8 (0.47) 16.9 (0.24) 5.4 (0.33) 18.9 (0.26)

Some college—no degree ..................... 100.0 77.1 (0.55) 4.6 (0.26) 18.2 (0.52) 16.1 (0.39) 4.8 (0.32) 18.6 (0.40)

Associate of arts degree ...................... 100.0 77.3 (0.81) 5.0 (0.45) 17.6 (0.74) 15.6 (0.50) 5.5 (0.45) 18.2 (0.54)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................. 100.0 86.8 (0.50) 3.7 (0.25) 9.5 (0.42) 13.6 (0.46) 4.2 (0.23) 16.4 (0.49)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............... 100.0 91.8 (0.49) 2.8 (0.31) 5.4 (0.39) 12.6 (0.64) 5.7 (0.92) 15.8 (0.75)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ......................... 100.0 66.5 (0.97) 6.2 (0.44) 27.3 (0.92) 15.8 (0.37) 6.4 (0.69) 17.8 (0.39)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................. 100.0 67.9 (0.71) 6.1 (0.37) 26.0 (0.72) 15.8 (0.37) 4.9 (0.37) 18.1 (0.39)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................. 100.0 73.7 (0.51) 4.5 (0.23) 21.8 (0.50) 17.2 (0.29) 4.9 (0.30) 19.4 (0.31)

4 times poverty level or more ................... 100.0 81.5 (0.40) 4.0 (0.20) 14.5 (0.36) 15.7 (0.30) 4.5 (0.19) 18.4 (0.35)

Marital status:

Never married ............................ 100.0 74.5 (0.67) 5.8 (0.34) 19.7 (0.65) 14.8 (0.44) 4.4 (0.24) 17.5 (0.44)

Married ................................ 100.0 80.0 (0.33) 3.8 (0.16) 16.2 (0.31) 16.3 (0.21) 4.9 (0.22) 18.7 (0.22)

Cohabiting .............................. 100.0 62.0 (1.23) 5.4 (0.51) 32.6 (1.18) 17.0 (0.69) 4.3 (0.40) 18.8 (0.69)

Divorced or separated ....................... 100.0 62.8 (0.83) 5.7 (0.40) 31.5 (0.80) 18.3 (0.32) 6.6 (0.53) 20.3 (0.31)

Widowed ............................... 100.0 66.8 (5.07) *3.4 (1.32) 29.8 (5.02) 20.6 (1.77) † 20.9 (1.68)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................... 100.0 78.3 (0.66) 4.0 (0.24) 17.7 (0.58) 16.3 (0.30) 5.4 (0.43) 18.5 (0.31)

Midwest ................................ 100.0 73.6 (0.53) 4.4 (0.27) 22.0 (0.52) 17.3 (0.30) 5.6 (0.43) 19.4 (0.34)

South ................................. 100.0 74.5 (0.47) 4.7 (0.20) 20.8 (0.42) 16.4 (0.23) 5.2 (0.26) 18.7 (0.26)

West .................................. 100.0 80.4 (0.57) 4.8 (0.27) 14.8 (0.49) 13.3 (0.27) 4.2 (0.26) 15.6 (0.31)

Place of residence:5 .........................

MSA, central city .......................... 100.0 76.6 (0.47) 5.3 (0.25) 18.1 (0.42) 14.0 (0.24) 4.7 (0.39) 16.4 (0.25)

MSA, not central city ........................ 100.0 78.0 (0.39) 4.2 (0.16) 17.8 (0.35) 16.4 (0.21) 5.2 (0.24) 18.6 (0.23)

Not MSA ............................... 100.0 70.7 (0.68) 4.3 (0.27) 25.0 (0.67) 17.8 (0.29) 5.3 (0.27) 19.8 (0.32)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ............. 100.0 80.6 (0.25) 3.5 (0.10) 15.8 (0.23) 13.7 (0.12) 4.7 (0.14) 15.6 (0.13)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................. 100.0 80.8 (0.25) 3.5 (0.10) 15.7 (0.22) 13.7 (0.12) 4.6 (0.13) 15.6 (0.13)

Age:2

18–24 years ............................. 100.0 77.5 (0.75) 5.2 (0.35) 17.3 (0.63) 10.2 (0.25) 3.7 (0.21) 12.1 (0.28)

25–44 years ............................. 100.0 77.7 (0.39) 4.2 (0.16) 18.1 (0.37) 13.4 (0.18) 4.5 (0.19) 15.4 (0.19)

45–64 years ............................. 100.0 79.6 (0.38) 3.2 (0.17) 17.2 (0.35) 15.6 (0.20) 5.3 (0.26) 17.4 (0.21)

65–74 years ............................. 100.0 88.8 (0.50) 1.8 (0.20) 9.4 (0.47) 14.3 (0.42) 4.8 (0.43) 16.0 (0.46)

75 years and over.......................... 100.0 94.5 (0.36) 0.9 (0.15) 4.5 (0.33) 13.8 (0.67) 5.8 (1.43) 15.1 (0.72)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 31

Table 4.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over,

and age-adjusted mean number (with standard errors) of cigarettes on days smoked among current smokers 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Current cigarette smoking status Number of cigarettes on days smoked

Non- Nondaily Daily All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic Total smoker smoker smoker smokers smokers smokers

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error) Mean (standard error)

Race:

White, single race .......................... 100.0 79.5 (0.29) 3.6 (0.11) 16.9 (0.26) 14.4 (0.13) 4.8 (0.16) 16.2 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 82.5 (0.60) 3.8 (0.24) 13.7 (0.54) 10.2 (0.22) 4.8 (0.41) 11.7 (0.24)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........ 100.0 68.9 (3.49) 5.6 (1.30) 25.6 (3.37) 12.6 (1.15) 4.3 (0.61) 14.6 (1.23)

Asian, single race .......................... 100.0 94.1 (0.72) 1.3 (0.35) 4.6 (0.67) 10.8 (1.00) 3.6 (0.56) 12.4 (1.20)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .... 100.0 74.7 (8.43) – *25.3 (8.43) 13.3 (0.82) – 13.3 (0.82)

2 or more races ........................... 100.0 71.6 (1.90) 6.3 (1.16) 22.1 (1.88) 12.5 (0.91) 4.1 (0.69) 14.7 (0.99)

Black or African American, white ............... 100.0 74.1 (5.09) † 19.4 (3.90) 11.2 (1.39) 3.9 (0.94) 14.4 (1.80)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white........... 100.0 64.0 (3.32) 7.2 (2.06) 28.9 (3.21) 14.4 (1.46) 3.2 (0.46) 16.6 (1.53)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino .......................... 100.0 89.5 (0.38) 3.1 (0.20) 7.4 (0.33) 9.1 (0.33) 3.5 (0.33) 11.1 (0.38)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................. 100.0 90.7 (0.51) 3.4 (0.29) 5.9 (0.43) 7.7 (0.51) 3.3 (0.38) 10.1 (0.64)

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................... 100.0 79.3 (0.28) 3.6 (0.11) 17.1 (0.25) 14.1 (0.13) 4.9 (0.15) 15.9 (0.13)

White, single race ........................ 100.0 78.1 (0.32) 3.7 (0.13) 18.2 (0.29) 14.7 (0.14) 5.0 (0.17) 16.5 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race ............ 100.0 82.4 (0.60) 3.9 (0.24) 13.8 (0.54) 10.2 (0.22) 4.8 (0.42) 11.7 (0.24)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................. 100.0 74.3 (0.70) 3.5 (0.24) 22.2 (0.66) 15.0 (0.28) 4.6 (0.34) 16.5 (0.29)

GED diploma3 ............................ 100.0 62.4 (1.52) 4.3 (0.58) 33.3 (1.52) 16.4 (0.61) 5.9 (0.61) 17.7 (0.66)

High school graduate ........................ 100.0 76.3 (0.47) 3.6 (0.19) 20.1 (0.45) 14.3 (0.19) 5.0 (0.24) 15.9 (0.20)

Some college—no degree ..................... 100.0 79.6 (0.50) 3.9 (0.23) 16.5 (0.45) 13.4 (0.27) 4.6 (0.25) 15.3 (0.28)

Associate of arts degree ...................... 100.0 81.8 (0.57) 3.8 (0.27) 14.4 (0.49) 13.1 (0.36) 5.9 (0.85) 15.0 (0.39)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................. 100.0 89.3 (0.40) 3.4 (0.22) 7.3 (0.34) 10.8 (0.31) 4.5 (0.27) 13.3 (0.37)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............... 100.0 93.4 (0.46) 2.2 (0.26) 4.5 (0.35) 10.9 (0.59) 3.9 (0.56) 14.3 (0.67)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ......................... 100.0 71.3 (0.80) 4.9 (0.34) 23.8 (0.74) 14.4 (0.33) 4.9 (0.36) 16.1 (0.33)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................. 100.0 75.8 (0.64) 4.0 (0.26) 20.1 (0.60) 14.3 (0.28) 5.0 (0.40) 16.1 (0.29)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................. 100.0 78.9 (0.50) 3.8 (0.22) 17.3 (0.44) 13.9 (0.23) 4.6 (0.32) 15.9 (0.24)

4 times poverty level or more ................... 100.0 85.6 (0.36) 3.0 (0.17) 11.3 (0.34) 13.0 (0.25) 4.5 (0.24) 15.1 (0.27)

Marital status:

Never married ............................ 100.0 81.1 (0.54) 4.2 (0.24) 14.7 (0.48) 12.2 (0.34) 4.4 (0.32) 14.1 (0.40)

Married ................................ 100.0 84.7 (0.29) 2.6 (0.12) 12.7 (0.27) 14.1 (0.19) 4.4 (0.19) 16.0 (0.20)

Cohabiting .............................. 100.0 66.3 (1.24) 4.8 (0.55) 28.9 (1.13) 14.8 (0.53) 3.6 (0.49) 16.2 (0.49)

Divorced or separated ....................... 100.0 69.5 (0.63) 5.2 (0.30) 25.3 (0.60) 14.7 (0.25) 5.2 (0.35) 16.6 (0.27)

Widowed ............................... 100.0 74.3 (1.95) 3.6 (0.76) 22.0 (1.85) 14.9 (0.79) 4.5 (0.38) 16.7 (0.84)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................... 100.0 80.8 (0.61) 3.7 (0.21) 15.5 (0.57) 12.9 (0.24) 4.8 (0.40) 14.6 (0.25)

Midwest ................................ 100.0 78.1 (0.52) 4.0 (0.23) 17.9 (0.44) 14.1 (0.25) 5.0 (0.22) 16.0 (0.25)

South ................................. 100.0 79.6 (0.43) 3.3 (0.15) 17.1 (0.38) 14.7 (0.22) 4.7 (0.19) 16.5 (0.22)

West .................................. 100.0 85.3 (0.44) 3.4 (0.21) 11.4 (0.39) 11.8 (0.24) 4.2 (0.40) 13.8 (0.27)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city .......................... 100.0 81.3 (0.44) 3.9 (0.18) 14.8 (0.41) 12.7 (0.22) 4.9 (0.31) 14.6 (0.23)

MSA, not central city ........................ 100.0 82.0 (0.34) 3.5 (0.14) 14.5 (0.30) 13.5 (0.18) 4.7 (0.18) 15.5 (0.18)

Not MSA ............................... 100.0 76.0 (0.65) 3.1 (0.20) 20.9 (0.63) 15.3 (0.25) 4.7 (0.26) 16.9 (0.24)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

2Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Table VIII. Current cigarette smoking status: Nonsmoker includes never smokers and former smokers; Daily smokers: currently smoked every day; Nondaily smokers: currently

smoked some days, regardless of number of days they smoked. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown current smoking status. Denominators for mean number of

cigarettes on days smoked exclude smokers (daily and nondaily) with unknown number of cigarettes on days smoked and nondaily smokers who did not smoke in the past 30 days. Estimates reflect

usual cigarette consumption on days smoked and do not reflect average consumption over a period of time such as a week or a month. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 32 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 4.3. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current

cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current smokers1

Less 35 or

Selected characteristic Total than 15 15–24 25–34 more

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 49.6 (0.49) 37.1 (0.44) 7.6 (0.24) 5.6 (0.21)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 50.0 (0.48) 36.8 (0.42) 7.6 (0.24) 5.6 (0.19)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 67.4 (1.17) 28.1 (1.10) 3.2 (0.45) 1.3 (0.24)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 51.5 (0.69) 36.3 (0.62) 7.3 (0.35) 4.9 (0.29)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 40.4 (0.67) 40.9 (0.73) 10.2 (0.42) 8.6 (0.41)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 45.1 (1.77) 41.0 (1.67) 8.2 (0.88) 5.6 (0.93)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 51.9 (2.43) 36.5 (2.39) 5.7 (1.29) 5.9 (1.41)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 45.1 (0.52) 39.9 (0.47) 8.6 (0.28) 6.3 (0.25)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 70.4 (1.10) 25.0 (1.02) 2.8 (0.39) 1.8 (0.24)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 58.4 (4.41) 29.4 (4.27) *5.5 (2.05) *6.7 (2.12)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 72.5 (2.99) 25.4 (2.98) † *1.5 (0.70)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 70.2 (9.81) *20.2 (8.22) † –

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 58.8 (3.28) 25.9 (2.82) 9.4 (2.25) 5.9 (1.30)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 62.2 (6.25) 33.9 (6.29) † †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 50.8 (4.47) 27.2 (3.55) 13.6 (3.51) 8.5 (2.09)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 75.5 (1.28) 21.1 (1.27) 1.8 (0.35) 1.5 (0.29)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 81.8 (1.59) 15.6 (1.54) 1.7 (0.44) *0.8 (0.28)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 47.2 (0.51) 38.7 (0.46) 8.1 (0.26) 6.0 (0.23)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 42.9 (0.54) 41.3 (0.49) 9.1 (0.29) 6.7 (0.27)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 70.5 (1.10) 24.8 (1.02) 2.9 (0.40) 1.8 (0.23)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 47.5 (1.03) 36.8 (0.97) 8.0 (0.48) 7.6 (0.45)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 39.2 (1.98) 42.5 (2.12) 10.5 (1.17) 7.8 (1.14)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 46.1 (0.73) 40.3 (0.73) 7.9 (0.44) 5.8 (0.39)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 52.0 (1.06) 34.7 (0.99) 8.2 (0.59) 5.1 (0.48)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 50.3 (1.57) 37.1 (1.56) 7.8 (0.82) 4.8 (0.74)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 61.8 (1.41) 29.8 (1.34) 5.2 (0.67) 3.2 (0.58)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 61.2 (2.35) 30.5 (2.30) 5.3 (1.07) 3.0 (0.76)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 51.9 (1.21) 34.7 (1.04) 7.1 (0.50) 6.3 (0.60)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 50.2 (1.07) 36.2 (1.00) 7.2 (0.52) 6.4 (0.63)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 46.3 (0.86) 38.3 (0.82) 9.4 (0.50) 6.0 (0.44)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 50.6 (0.96) 36.5 (0.91) 7.9 (0.53) 5.0 (0.43)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 57.4 (1.47) 30.6 (1.31) 6.5 (0.72) 5.6 (0.72)

Married ................................... 100.0 47.0 (0.70) 38.7 (0.67) 8.1 (0.37) 6.1 (0.37)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 44.1 (2.10) 40.6 (2.26) 9.6 (1.56) 5.6 (1.25)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 44.0 (1.03) 40.2 (0.97) 8.6 (0.51) 7.2 (0.48)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 40.9 (3.65) 42.6 (3.96) *11.0 (3.34) *5.5 (2.02)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 51.0 (1.11) 37.5 (1.07) 6.3 (0.54) 5.1 (0.48)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 45.7 (0.94) 39.3 (0.85) 9.5 (0.52) 5.6 (0.41)

South .................................... 100.0 47.3 (0.83) 38.0 (0.70) 8.0 (0.39) 6.7 (0.36)

West .................................... 100.0 60.1 (0.91) 31.1 (0.99) 5.2 (0.51) 3.6 (0.43)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 57.1 (0.83) 33.1 (0.76) 5.6 (0.39) 4.2 (0.30)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 48.7 (0.68) 38.0 (0.62) 7.8 (0.35) 5.5 (0.33)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 42.9 (1.08) 40.1 (0.97) 9.5 (0.56) 7.5 (0.48)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 44.9 (0.65) 38.2 (0.62) 9.4 (0.38) 7.5 (0.33)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 45.7 (0.63) 37.8 (0.59) 9.2 (0.36) 7.3 (0.29)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 62.2 (1.75) 32.1 (1.69) 4.1 (0.65) 1.7 (0.38)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 47.7 (0.87) 37.0 (0.83) 8.9 (0.49) 6.4 (0.44)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 35.6 (0.95) 41.1 (1.07) 11.9 (0.66) 11.4 (0.63)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 39.8 (2.58) 40.5 (2.48) 11.6 (1.55) 8.0 (1.38)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 44.6 (3.93) 40.7 (4.20) 7.8 (2.34) *6.9 (2.38)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 33

Table 4.3. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current

cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current smokers1

Less 35 or

Selected characteristic Total than 15 15–24 25–34 more

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 39.7 (0.72) 41.0 (0.69) 10.8 (0.45) 8.6 (0.39)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 65.8 (1.58) 28.1 (1.51) 3.9 (0.66) 2.1 (0.41)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 50.6 (5.98) 35.6 (5.96) *6.1 (3.04) *7.7 (2.80)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 71.7 (3.66) 27.2 (3.63) † †

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 81.1 (9.18) *18.9 (9.18) – –

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 51.0 (5.02) 26.6 (3.83) *12.6 (4.06) 9.8 (2.52)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 55.0 (10.31) 45.0 (10.31) – –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 41.1 (6.97) 29.1 (5.53) *17.3 (5.47) 12.5 (3.57)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 74.5 (1.61) 21.8 (1.53) 2.1 (0.49) 1.6 (0.42)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 81.3 (1.73) 15.6 (1.57) 2.3 (0.68) *0.9 (0.35)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 41.5 (0.68) 40.1 (0.67) 10.3 (0.42) 8.1 (0.36)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 36.5 (0.74) 42.8 (0.73) 11.6 (0.49) 9.2 (0.43)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 66.0 (1.58) 27.9 (1.51) 4.0 (0.66) 2.1 (0.41)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 45.1 (1.30) 36.3 (1.20) 9.0 (0.74) 9.6 (0.67)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 34.3 (2.42) 43.8 (2.55) 13.2 (1.65) 8.7 (1.50)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 40.4 (1.09) 42.1 (1.18) 9.8 (0.76) 7.7 (0.60)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 46.8 (1.56) 34.9 (1.39) 11.4 (1.03) 7.0 (0.83)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 45.7 (2.21) 36.7 (2.19) 10.3 (1.40) 7.3 (1.30)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 56.0 (2.06) 32.4 (1.96) 7.0 (1.12) 4.5 (0.94)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 59.9 (3.22) 29.8 (3.04) 6.2 (1.46) 4.1 (1.19)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 48.4 (1.83) 35.6 (1.76) 8.1 (0.89) 7.8 (0.91)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 47.6 (1.50) 36.1 (1.43) 7.5 (0.82) 8.7 (0.89)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 41.1 (1.15) 38.8 (1.09) 11.9 (0.82) 8.2 (0.72)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 46.0 (1.38) 37.1 (1.30) 10.1 (0.79) 6.8 (0.66)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 52.0 (1.93) 33.4 (1.78) 7.9 (1.00) 6.8 (1.02)

Married ................................... 100.0 43.7 (0.86) 38.2 (0.82) 10.1 (0.56) 8.0 (0.52)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 40.0 (2.83) 41.4 (2.91) 10.6 (2.06) 8.0 (2.02)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 36.4 (1.45) 42.3 (1.46) 11.2 (0.91) 10.2 (0.80)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 28.1 (5.38) 41.0 (6.56) *19.0 (8.28) *11.9 (5.70)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 43.6 (1.51) 39.6 (1.52) 9.4 (0.86) 7.3 (0.66)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 40.1 (1.29) 40.3 (1.29) 11.2 (0.85) 8.4 (0.74)

South .................................... 100.0 44.0 (1.04) 38.3 (0.92) 9.5 (0.62) 8.1 (0.53)

West .................................... 100.0 56.4 (1.32) 32.7 (1.48) 6.6 (0.82) 4.3 (0.51)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 53.7 (1.23) 34.4 (1.20) 7.1 (0.68) 4.8 (0.45)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 43.1 (0.93) 39.4 (0.87) 10.0 (0.54) 7.5 (0.50)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 38.7 (1.27) 40.1 (1.32) 11.0 (0.89) 10.2 (0.73)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 54.8 (0.68) 35.9 (0.63) 5.6 (0.27) 3.6 (0.25)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 55.0 (0.65) 35.6 (0.60) 5.7 (0.27) 3.6 (0.24)

Age:3

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 74.0 (1.52) 23.2 (1.42) 2.1 (0.53) *0.7 (0.29)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 56.1 (1.00) 35.5 (0.90) 5.3 (0.44) 3.1 (0.29)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 45.8 (1.01) 40.6 (1.01) 8.2 (0.59) 5.4 (0.48)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 50.3 (2.29) 41.5 (2.18) 5.0 (0.96) *3.3 (1.00)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 57.4 (3.28) 33.4 (3.03) *4.1 (1.41) *5.1 (1.63)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 34 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 4.3. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current

cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current smokers1

Less 35 or

Selected characteristic Total than 15 15–24 25–34 more

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 51.0 (0.72) 38.8 (0.68) 6.3 (0.31) 3.9 (0.28)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 75.6 (1.38) 21.4 (1.28) 1.6 (0.35) 1.4 (0.31)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 68.2 (5.43) 22.6 (5.02) *4.0 (1.99) †

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 74.3 (4.82) 20.3 (4.71) † †

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 63.2 (9.39) *19.7 (9.39) 17.0 (0.00) –

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 65.1 (3.85) 24.8 (3.66) *7.4 (2.75) †

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 69.8 (7.45) 23.7 (7.01) † †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 59.0 (4.66) 25.7 (4.06) *10.8 (4.31) †

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 77.6 (2.08) 19.7 (2.01) *1.3 (0.52) *1.4 (0.48)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 83.0 (3.21) 15.3 (3.18) *0.9 (0.42) †

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 53.2 (0.70) 37.1 (0.65) 5.9 (0.29) 3.7 (0.26)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 49.6 (0.75) 39.8 (0.71) 6.6 (0.33) 4.0 (0.29)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 75.7 (1.39) 21.3 (1.29) 1.6 (0.35) 1.4 (0.31)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 50.6 (1.40) 37.6 (1.36) 6.7 (0.64) 5.1 (0.60)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 44.2 (2.99) 42.0 (3.28) 6.8 (1.17) 7.0 (1.81)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 52.0 (1.03) 38.4 (1.06) 5.9 (0.52) 3.7 (0.48)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 57.2 (1.40) 34.2 (1.32) 5.2 (0.62) 3.3 (0.53)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 54.8 (2.09) 37.3 (2.05) 5.6 (0.94) *2.4 (0.77)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 68.1 (1.83) 26.8 (1.72) 3.3 (0.77) *1.8 (0.63)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 63.6 (3.65) 31.3 (3.55) *3.7 (1.33) *1.4 (0.64)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 54.5 (1.44) 34.0 (1.27) 6.4 (0.66) 5.2 (0.75)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 53.0 (1.35) 36.3 (1.34) 7.0 (0.70) 3.8 (0.65)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 52.7 (1.32) 37.5 (1.31) 6.3 (0.63) 3.5 (0.46)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 56.9 (1.41) 35.6 (1.37) 5.0 (0.69) 2.5 (0.47)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 66.1 (1.77) 26.1 (1.78) 4.1 (0.82) 3.7 (0.77)

Married ................................... 100.0 51.3 (1.08) 39.4 (1.05) 5.6 (0.45) 3.7 (0.42)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 48.2 (2.95) 40.6 (3.46) 8.6 (2.38) 2.7 (0.59)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 50.3 (1.37) 38.5 (1.28) 6.5 (0.60) 4.7 (0.56)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 46.0 (4.37) 43.8 (4.59) 7.3 (2.16) *2.9 (1.05)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 58.4 (1.41) 35.5 (1.39) 3.2 (0.44) 2.8 (0.56)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 51.9 (1.43) 37.9 (1.31) 7.6 (0.60) 2.6 (0.39)

South .................................... 100.0 51.2 (1.14) 37.4 (1.01) 6.4 (0.46) 5.0 (0.43)

West .................................... 100.0 64.4 (1.31) 29.4 (1.46) 3.4 (0.53) 2.9 (0.66)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 60.8 (1.18) 31.5 (1.15) 4.1 (0.43) 3.6 (0.40)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 55.0 (0.96) 36.4 (0.92) 5.3 (0.39) 3.2 (0.36)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 47.6 (1.43) 40.0 (1.29) 8.0 (0.60) 4.4 (0.51)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Usual number of cigarettes on days smoked includes the usual cigarette consumption of daily and nondaily smokers combined. Estimates for nondaily smokers reflect number of cigarettes smoked

only on the days that they smoked and are limited to those who smoked at least once in the past 30 days.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Table IX. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes smokers with unknown number of cigarettes on days smoked. Estimates reflect usual cigarette consumption on days

smoked and do not reflect average cigarette consumption over a period of time such as a week or a month. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 35

Table 4.4. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of age of smoking initiation among current cigarette smokers 18 years

of age and over: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Age first smoked fairly regularly

Less than 16–17 18–20 21 years

Selected characteristic Total 16 years years years and over

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ................ 100.0 30.0 (0.43) 24.1 (0.34) 27.2 (0.40) 18.8 (0.35)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................... 100.0 30.5 (0.42) 24.8 (0.34) 27.3 (0.38) 17.4 (0.33)

Age:2

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 39.3 (1.13) 33.0 (1.12) 24.6 (1.01) 3.1 (0.41)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 30.5 (0.60) 24.6 (0.53) 27.9 (0.57) 17.0 (0.47)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 27.4 (0.66) 22.4 (0.59) 28.1 (0.68) 22.1 (0.57)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 26.3 (1.44) 18.4 (1.49) 27.1 (1.48) 28.2 (1.54)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 24.8 (2.26) 19.9 (2.04) 22.8 (2.06) 32.5 (2.41)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 31.2 (0.47) 24.7 (0.38) 26.8 (0.43) 17.3 (0.37)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 23.2 (1.06) 21.2 (1.08) 28.7 (1.05) 27.0 (1.06)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 32.0 (4.17) 27.9 (4.10) 24.9 (3.26) 15.2 (3.22)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 13.3 (2.24) 17.9 (2.21) 37.0 (4.14) 31.8 (3.72)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 † 47.3 (9.41) *14.2 (6.85) 35.0 (8.07)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 33.7 (3.23) 18.9 (2.47) 25.7 (3.07) 21.7 (2.58)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 56.7 (9.23) *16.2 (5.31) *10.8 (3.99) *16.3 (7.36)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 35.0 (4.31) 21.1 (3.84) 25.8 (3.99) 18.2 (3.65)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 32.8 (1.40) 20.1 (1.23) 25.5 (1.16) 21.6 (1.20)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 31.5 (1.82) 20.2 (1.75) 26.4 (1.49) 21.8 (1.52)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 29.8 (0.45) 24.4 (0.37) 27.3 (0.42) 18.5 (0.37)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 31.1 (0.48) 25.0 (0.39) 26.9 (0.46) 16.9 (0.39)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 23.0 (1.07) 21.3 (1.09) 28.7 (1.06) 27.0 (1.08)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 43.0 (0.86) 23.7 (0.75) 20.0 (0.73) 13.3 (0.56)

GED diploma3

............................... 100.0 44.4 (1.96) 24.0 (1.75) 19.3 (1.70) 12.3 (1.38)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 26.1 (0.68) 27.5 (0.77) 26.9 (0.70) 19.5 (0.63)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 26.2 (0.92) 23.4 (0.86) 31.0 (0.99) 19.4 (0.83)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 24.4 (1.38) 22.0 (1.25) 31.1 (1.49) 22.5 (1.24)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 17.4 (1.02) 19.9 (1.24) 37.5 (1.42) 25.1 (1.34)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 18.9 (1.83) 18.4 (1.87) 32.3 (2.30) 30.4 (2.24)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 37.7 (1.13) 23.3 (1.01) 21.3 (0.95) 17.7 (0.89)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 34.5 (0.93) 23.5 (0.84) 24.5 (0.87) 17.5 (0.70)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 29.5 (0.84) 23.9 (0.73) 28.2 (0.79) 18.4 (0.63)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 24.3 (0.92) 24.1 (0.81) 30.6 (0.97) 21.0 (0.87)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 31.7 (1.26) 26.1 (1.22) 26.9 (1.17) 15.3 (1.10)

Married ................................... 100.0 28.9 (0.63) 24.3 (0.60) 28.1 (0.60) 18.6 (0.55)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 33.0 (1.82) 22.4 (1.67) 25.6 (2.05) 19.1 (1.96)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 31.2 (0.92) 22.0 (0.82) 25.3 (0.79) 21.6 (0.78)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 33.4 (3.63) 19.0 (2.96) 26.2 (3.19) 21.4 (2.75)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 31.8 (0.96) 25.4 (0.74) 25.4 (0.87) 17.5 (0.76)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 28.3 (0.78) 25.5 (0.71) 28.2 (0.84) 17.9 (0.70)

South .................................... 100.0 30.0 (0.72) 23.8 (0.58) 26.9 (0.64) 19.3 (0.55)

West .................................... 100.0 30.4 (0.97) 20.9 (0.74) 28.5 (0.90) 20.2 (0.85)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 29.0 (0.73) 22.4 (0.61) 27.7 (0.65) 20.9 (0.68)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 29.8 (0.61) 24.1 (0.48) 27.1 (0.59) 19.0 (0.53)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 31.4 (0.81) 26.1 (0.84) 26.6 (0.73) 15.9 (0.62)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ................ 100.0 33.5 (0.62) 24.4 (0.52) 26.7 (0.54) 15.4 (0.44)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................... 100.0 32.7 (0.55) 25.0 (0.49) 27.0 (0.51) 15.4 (0.44)

Age:2

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 38.2 (1.62) 33.6 (1.49) 25.2 (1.46) 3.0 (0.51)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 29.9 (0.80) 24.0 (0.74) 28.1 (0.79) 18.0 (0.67)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 32.5 (0.94) 23.0 (0.86) 26.8 (0.85) 17.7 (0.80)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 39.9 (2.55) 20.1 (2.20) 24.8 (2.13) 15.2 (1.58)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 39.3 (3.89) 21.0 (3.34) 23.0 (3.22) 16.7 (2.99)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 36 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 4.4. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of age of smoking initiation among current cigarette smokers 18 years

of age and over: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Age first smoked fairly regularly

Less than 16–17 18–20 21 years

Selected characteristic Total 16 years years years and over

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 35.0 (0.67) 25.1 (0.58) 26.1 (0.60) 13.7 (0.47)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 26.5 (1.65) 20.8 (1.39) 28.4 (1.66) 24.3 (1.44)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 34.9 (6.13) 28.9 (5.24) 25.7 (5.96) *10.5 (4.02)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 15.5 (2.84) 17.2 (2.64) 35.5 (5.35) 31.8 (4.63)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 † *46.2 (14.09) † *41.6 (12.58)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 41.7 (5.11) 20.5 (4.30) 23.9 (3.65) 13.9 (3.46)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 84.9 (5.34) † † †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 44.8 (7.10) *18.2 (5.94) 25.8 (4.70) *11.2 (4.31)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 35.6 (1.71) 21.1 (1.49) 26.6 (1.62) 16.7 (1.26)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 34.5 (2.27) 20.5 (2.11) 27.9 (1.97) 17.2 (1.58)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 33.3 (0.67) 24.7 (0.55) 26.7 (0.59) 15.3 (0.47)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 34.8 (0.72) 25.4 (0.62) 26.3 (0.64) 13.4 (0.49)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 26.2 (1.67) 21.0 (1.41) 28.4 (1.68) 24.4 (1.47)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 48.2 (1.21) 23.7 (1.02) 19.1 (0.97) 9.0 (0.64)

GED diploma3

............................... 100.0 48.6 (2.55) 23.9 (2.21) 17.6 (2.18) 9.8 (1.35)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 29.3 (1.02) 29.4 (1.14) 26.1 (1.04) 15.1 (0.83)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 28.3 (1.52) 23.2 (1.28) 30.4 (1.34) 18.1 (1.15)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 26.3 (2.53) 21.9 (2.00) 33.8 (2.41) 18.0 (1.65)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 18.8 (1.58) 18.8 (1.78) 38.3 (2.00) 24.2 (1.62)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 19.2 (2.40) 16.5 (2.25) 33.0 (2.95) 31.4 (2.86)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 42.0 (1.76) 24.3 (1.55) 20.5 (1.54) 13.2 (1.22)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 38.2 (1.43) 23.2 (1.18) 24.5 (1.26) 14.1 (0.97)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 33.5 (1.23) 24.3 (1.08) 27.1 (1.03) 15.1 (0.82)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 27.4 (1.34) 24.2 (1.13) 29.6 (1.32) 18.9 (1.04)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 32.7 (1.56) 27.3 (1.53) 26.2 (1.42) 13.9 (0.96)

Married ................................... 100.0 32.1 (0.90) 23.9 (0.80) 27.6 (0.77) 16.4 (0.67)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 36.6 (2.87) 21.8 (2.30) 26.4 (2.80) 15.3 (2.13)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 36.1 (1.44) 22.6 (1.21) 24.2 (1.19) 17.1 (0.98)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 51.2 (6.79) 13.5 (3.25) 22.7 (5.92) *12.7 (4.21)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 35.1 (1.41) 24.8 (1.33) 25.5 (1.43) 14.6 (1.04)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 32.2 (1.13) 26.9 (1.00) 26.9 (1.07) 13.9 (0.82)

South .................................... 100.0 33.8 (1.08) 24.3 (0.80) 26.0 (0.88) 15.8 (0.69)

West .................................... 100.0 32.8 (1.25) 20.1 (1.13) 29.4 (1.15) 17.6 (1.12)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 31.3 (1.15) 22.8 (0.93) 27.8 (0.98) 18.1 (0.83)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 33.9 (0.87) 24.0 (0.76) 26.2 (0.80) 15.8 (0.68)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 35.2 (1.17) 27.0 (1.14) 26.1 (0.96) 11.7 (0.69)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ................ 100.0 26.6 (0.55) 23.8 (0.47) 27.7 (0.54) 21.9 (0.49)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................... 100.0 28.0 (0.57) 24.5 (0.48) 27.7 (0.53) 19.7 (0.46)

Age:2

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 40.5 (1.63) 32.4 (1.68) 23.9 (1.45) 3.2 (0.67)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 31.2 (0.82) 25.3 (0.72) 27.7 (0.80) 15.8 (0.63)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 21.7 (0.83) 21.7 (0.85) 29.5 (1.00) 27.1 (0.85)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 13.3 (1.34) 16.8 (1.85) 29.2 (2.06) 40.7 (2.38)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 14.0 (2.49) 19.1 (2.66) 22.7 (2.74) 44.2 (3.41)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 37

Table 4.4. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of age of smoking initiation among current cigarette smokers 18 years

of age and over: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Age first smoked fairly regularly

Less than 16–17 18–20 21 years

Selected characteristic Total 16 years years years and over

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 27.7 (0.61) 24.4 (0.51) 27.3 (0.59) 20.5 (0.53)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 19.2 (1.18) 21.5 (1.40) 29.1 (1.38) 30.2 (1.49)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 29.3 (5.43) 27.3 (6.68) 22.8 (5.04) 20.6 (5.95)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 *7.9 (2.86) 17.5 (4.53) 45.1 (5.21) 29.5 (5.62)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 † 53.2 (11.75) *24.4 (10.73) 17.0 (0.00)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 27.7 (3.62) 19.1 (3.56) 26.4 (4.18) 26.8 (3.62)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 34.6 (8.60) *19.6 (7.33) *17.1 (6.92) 28.7 (6.33)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 27.2 (4.78) 25.4 (5.69) 24.2 (5.40) 23.1 (5.05)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 28.7 (2.04) 18.3 (2.06) 23.8 (1.51) 29.2 (1.96)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 26.4 (2.86) 19.2 (3.24) 24.4 (1.99) 30.0 (2.91)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 26.5 (0.56) 24.2 (0.49) 27.8 (0.56) 21.5 (0.51)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 27.7 (0.62) 24.7 (0.52) 27.5 (0.60) 20.1 (0.54)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 19.1 (1.18) 21.7 (1.41) 29.2 (1.39) 30.1 (1.52)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 37.5 (1.28) 23.7 (1.23) 21.0 (1.12) 17.8 (0.88)

GED diploma3

............................... 100.0 37.2 (2.33) 25.4 (3.05) 19.7 (2.01) 17.7 (2.83)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 23.7 (0.98) 25.7 (1.00) 27.5 (0.91) 23.1 (0.87)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 24.4 (1.08) 23.8 (1.18) 31.3 (1.33) 20.5 (1.07)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 22.8 (1.50) 22.0 (1.68) 28.9 (1.91) 26.2 (1.59)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 16.0 (1.44) 21.2 (1.52) 36.7 (1.91) 26.1 (1.79)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 17.7 (2.63) 22.0 (3.02) 30.7 (3.73) 29.7 (3.59)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 34.5 (1.35) 22.5 (1.30) 21.9 (1.23) 21.1 (1.20)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 31.4 (1.26) 23.7 (1.25) 24.4 (1.15) 20.4 (1.09)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 25.2 (0.95) 23.6 (0.95) 29.3 (1.14) 21.8 (1.00)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 20.6 (1.06) 24.0 (1.22) 31.9 (1.36) 23.5 (1.24)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 30.1 (1.83) 24.3 (1.70) 27.9 (1.78) 17.7 (2.03)

Married ................................... 100.0 24.4 (0.81) 24.7 (0.84) 28.8 (0.89) 22.1 (0.88)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 28.4 (1.62) 23.1 (2.29) 24.2 (2.92) 24.3 (3.00)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 27.0 (1.05) 21.4 (1.06) 26.2 (1.07) 25.4 (1.05)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 27.7 (4.21) 21.3 (3.74) 27.1 (4.01) 23.9 (3.41)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 28.7 (1.39) 25.8 (1.08) 25.3 (1.04) 20.2 (1.11)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 24.4 (0.91) 24.2 (0.92) 29.5 (1.13) 21.9 (0.92)

South .................................... 100.0 26.5 (0.90) 23.3 (0.78) 27.8 (0.88) 22.4 (0.81)

West .................................... 100.0 28.2 (1.32) 21.8 (1.14) 27.1 (1.35) 23.0 (1.18)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 27.2 (0.95) 22.2 (0.89) 27.4 (1.00) 23.2 (0.95)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 25.8 (0.81) 24.2 (0.67) 28.1 (0.82) 21.8 (0.73)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 27.4 (1.05) 25.0 (1.05) 27.1 (1.00) 20.5 (0.99)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

2Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Table X. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes current smokers with unknown age of smoking initiation. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 38 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 4.5. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over who tried to quit smoking

in the past year, by current smoking status and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic smokers smokers smoker

Both sexes Percent who tried to quit (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ....................... 42.4 (0.45) 53.3 (1.08) 40.2 (0.49)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1

............................ 43.2 (0.43) 53.2 (1.03) 40.9 (0.48)

Age:2

18–24 years ....................................... 51.1 (1.24) 51.4 (2.49) 51.0 (1.37)

25–44 years ....................................... 44.4 (0.62) 52.1 (1.39) 42.5 (0.68)

45–64 years ....................................... 39.4 (0.67) 56.8 (1.89) 36.3 (0.76)

65–74 years ....................................... 38.1 (1.63) 55.0 (4.22) 35.0 (1.70)

75 years and over ................................... 31.0 (2.19) 41.9 (5.84) 29.2 (2.40)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 41.8 (0.48) 53.6 (1.27) 39.6 (0.53)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 46.2 (1.27) 55.4 (2.57) 43.7 (1.49)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 36.5 (3.42) 37.9 (8.11) 37.1 (4.80)

Asian, single race.................................... 41.2 (3.28) 39.0 (7.00) 41.9 (3.49)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 38.6 (10.48) 90.8 (10.99) *32.8 (13.71)

2 or more races ..................................... 46.0 (3.30) 53.8 (6.75) 43.9 (3.94)

Black or African American, white ......................... 49.7 (5.85) 59.8 (7.13) 47.4 (5.13)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 46.0 (4.69) 48.0 (11.32) 45.7 (5.05)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 41.6 (1.40) 44.4 (2.67) 40.6 (1.59)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 40.8 (1.86) 44.4 (2.98) 39.1 (2.19)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 42.5 (0.47) 54.7 (1.21) 40.2 (0.52)

White, single race .................................. 42.0 (0.51) 55.2 (1.38) 39.7 (0.56)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 46.1 (1.29) 55.2 (2.55) 43.6 (1.50)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 40.5 (0.93) 50.0 (2.19) 39.0 (1.00)

GED diploma3 ...................................... 41.2 (1.89) 62.0 (5.49) 38.7 (2.00)

High school graduate ................................. 40.7 (0.74) 55.2 (1.88) 38.1 (0.80)

Some college—no degree .............................. 45.6 (1.00) 56.5 (2.65) 43.6 (1.08)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 46.5 (1.49) 57.4 (3.14) 43.7 (1.69)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 43.9 (1.40) 45.7 (2.60) 43.7 (1.74)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 41.1 (2.38) 46.6 (4.36) 39.4 (2.79)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level................................... 43.8 (1.17) 54.6 (2.69) 41.6 (1.26)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 43.9 (1.03) 57.1 (2.44) 41.2 (1.09)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 42.7 (0.85) 53.9 (2.21) 40.8 (0.91)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 43.8 (1.04) 53.6 (2.29) 41.7 (1.21)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 42.0 (1.36) 49.4 (3.46) 40.2 (1.46)

Married .......................................... 42.2 (0.68) 53.9 (1.73) 39.9 (0.75)

Cohabiting ........................................ 36.8 (1.65) 41.2 (3.83) 36.0 (1.81)

Divorced or separated ................................. 42.9 (0.97) 58.2 (2.28) 40.0 (1.02)

Widowed ......................................... 44.8 (3.98) 60.0 (7.99) 42.3 (4.30)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 43.8 (1.14) 54.9 (2.30) 41.5 (1.26)

Midwest.......................................... 44.0 (0.86) 57.2 (2.41) 41.7 (0.91)

South ........................................... 40.6 (0.70) 51.6 (1.72) 38.5 (0.77)

West............................................ 42.6 (1.07) 50.4 (2.21) 40.5 (1.20)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city .................................... 44.3 (0.89) 50.4 (1.85) 42.9 (0.97)

MSA, not central city.................................. 42.2 (0.61) 55.0 (1.50) 39.6 (0.66)

Not MSA ......................................... 40.6 (0.94) 53.5 (2.12) 38.6 (1.05)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ....................... 41.3 (0.66) 51.3 (1.51) 39.5 (0.71)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1

............................ 42.2 (0.65) 50.5 (1.37) 40.2 (0.70)

Age:2

18–24 years ....................................... 49.7 (1.71) 46.7 (3.21) 50.6 (1.99)

25–44 years ....................................... 43.8 (0.90) 49.2 (1.84) 42.4 (1.01)

45–64 years ....................................... 37.4 (1.06) 56.3 (2.67) 34.2 (1.09)

65–74 years ....................................... 38.0 (2.40) 53.7 (6.19) 35.3 (2.60)

75 years and over ................................... 30.0 (3.74) 42.4 (10.64) 28.3 (3.94)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 39

Table 4.5. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over who tried to quit smoking

in the past year, by current smoking status and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic smokers smokers smoker

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 40.5 (0.72) 50.9 (1.72) 38.7 (0.77)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 45.1 (1.94) 54.3 (3.61) 42.9 (2.18)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 43.0 (5.64) 39.8 (9.53) 45.6 (5.98)

Asian, single race.................................... 38.2 (3.56) 45.2 (9.95) 39.1 (3.82)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 58.9 (8.33) 90.8 (10.99) 54.6 (12.33)

2 or more races ..................................... 44.1 (5.17) 52.8 (10.51) 42.2 (5.82)

Black or African American, white ......................... 40.4 (5.86) † 42.7 (7.22)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 46.8 (6.76) 63.4 (16.46) 45.4 (7.20)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 42.1 (1.69) 44.8 (3.40) 40.9 (1.95)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 39.9 (2.27) 43.2 (3.85) 38.7 (2.66)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 41.3 (0.71) 52.5 (1.72) 39.4 (0.75)

White, single race .................................. 40.7 (0.76) 52.6 (1.91) 38.8 (0.81)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 44.8 (1.98) 53.8 (3.59) 42.6 (2.21)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 39.2 (1.22) 48.5 (2.81) 37.7 (1.32)

GED diploma3 ...................................... 37.6 (2.52) 59.8 (7.36) 35.4 (2.71)

High school graduate ................................. 40.5 (1.15) 54.3 (2.96) 38.2 (1.26)

Some college—no degree .............................. 45.4 (1.53) 53.9 (3.54) 44.1 (1.66)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 45.7 (2.19) 55.9 (4.63) 43.2 (2.58)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 42.6 (2.04) 46.7 (5.37) 42.7 (2.29)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 40.3 (3.01) 43.4 (5.02) 39.4 (3.57)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level................................... 40.3 (1.77) 49.3 (4.56) 38.6 (1.98)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 43.6 (1.45) 56.7 (3.39) 40.8 (1.53)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 41.7 (1.23) 51.7 (3.09) 40.6 (1.34)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 43.6 (1.41) 50.4 (3.31) 42.2 (1.56)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 40.2 (1.68) 49.4 (4.56) 38.1 (1.81)

Married .......................................... 41.6 (0.89) 52.3 (2.16) 39.5 (0.99)

Cohabiting ........................................ 34.4 (1.91) 39.3 (6.56) 33.7 (2.00)

Divorced or separated ................................. 41.5 (1.43) 57.3 (3.29) 38.6 (1.49)

Widowed ......................................... 37.4 (7.23) *41.5 (15.18) 36.7 (7.87)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 42.9 (1.83) 58.6 (3.61) 39.7 (1.85)

Midwest.......................................... 42.5 (1.25) 52.3 (3.72) 41.2 (1.30)

South ........................................... 40.3 (1.02) 50.5 (2.23) 38.3 (1.11)

West............................................ 40.8 (1.49) 46.0 (3.04) 39.6 (1.74)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city .................................... 44.3 (1.24) 51.2 (2.50) 43.1 (1.38)

MSA, not central city.................................. 40.4 (0.92) 52.7 (2.22) 38.1 (0.95)

Not MSA ......................................... 40.1 (1.34) 48.6 (2.92) 38.8 (1.48)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1 ....................... 43.6 (0.62) 55.9 (1.55) 41.0 (0.67)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1

............................ 44.4 (0.60) 56.4 (1.48) 41.8 (0.66)

Age:2

18–24 years ....................................... 52.8 (1.65) 57.6 (3.42) 51.4 (1.86)

25–44 years ....................................... 45.2 (0.88) 56.1 (2.06) 42.6 (0.96)

45–64 years ....................................... 41.7 (1.02) 57.3 (2.60) 38.8 (1.13)

65–74 years ....................................... 38.2 (2.27) 56.2 (5.69) 34.7 (2.40)

75 years and over ................................... 31.8 (2.76) 41.6 (7.47) 29.8 (3.00)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 40 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 4.5. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of current cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over who tried to quit smoking

in the past year, by current smoking status and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic smokers smokers smoker

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 43.3 (0.68) 56.7 (1.79) 40.5 (0.75)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 47.4 (1.60) 57.0 (3.45) 44.6 (1.72)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 30.6 (5.97) *31.3 (12.02) 28.9 (5.21)

Asian, single race.................................... 47.1 (4.80) 44.7 (12.28) 48.9 (5.38)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. † – †

2 or more races ..................................... 47.4 (4.28) 50.4 (9.10) 46.2 (5.00)

Black or African American, white ......................... 55.9 (8.08) 46.9 (0.00) 42.1 (7.93)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 44.8 (6.08) *42.3 (14.63) 46.4 (6.54)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 41.0 (2.19) 43.6 (4.13) 40.1 (2.62)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 42.8 (3.14) 46.4 (4.74) 40.6 (4.10)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 43.8 (0.65) 57.2 (1.65) 41.0 (0.70)

White, single race .................................. 43.4 (0.71) 58.0 (1.90) 40.6 (0.78)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 47.6 (1.62) 57.0 (3.46) 44.8 (1.75)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 42.5 (1.29) 53.6 (3.42) 40.7 (1.35)

GED diploma3 ...................................... 47.4 (3.05) 66.6 (6.78) 44.5 (3.40)

High school graduate ................................. 41.0 (1.05) 57.8 (2.66) 37.9 (1.14)

Some college—no degree .............................. 45.8 (1.35) 58.8 (3.50) 43.1 (1.53)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 47.2 (2.21) 59.1 (4.39) 44.2 (2.43)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 45.6 (2.06) 47.2 (3.25) 45.0 (2.57)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 42.2 (4.01) 51.0 (6.46) 37.7 (4.37)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level................................... 46.6 (1.44) 58.8 (3.47) 44.1 (1.54)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 43.9 (1.32) 57.1 (3.42) 41.5 (1.41)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 43.9 (1.29) 58.2 (3.23) 40.9 (1.31)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 44.0 (1.50) 57.5 (3.08) 41.0 (1.70)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 45.0 (2.22) 49.0 (4.81) 43.4 (2.41)

Married .......................................... 43.0 (1.03) 56.1 (2.67) 40.4 (1.09)

Cohabiting ........................................ 39.6 (2.90) 44.6 (4.60) 39.0 (3.30)

Divorced or separated ................................. 44.2 (1.29) 58.9 (3.12) 41.2 (1.34)

Widowed ......................................... 47.7 (4.45) 65.7 (8.62) 44.6 (4.94)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 44.7 (1.49) 51.6 (3.41) 43.3 (1.52)

Midwest.......................................... 45.7 (1.28) 62.1 (3.04) 42.2 (1.36)

South ........................................... 41.2 (0.95) 53.7 (2.61) 38.8 (1.03)

West............................................ 44.8 (1.45) 55.4 (3.35) 41.6 (1.60)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city .................................... 44.6 (1.13) 51.3 (2.58) 42.9 (1.20)

MSA, not central city.................................. 44.1 (0.96) 57.3 (2.09) 41.1 (1.07)

Not MSA ......................................... 41.4 (1.17) 59.9 (3.84) 38.5 (1.21)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

2Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude

percentages, refer to Table XI. Denominator for each percentage excludes current smokers for whom information on attempting to quit smoking is unknown. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 41

Chapter 5

Leisure-time Physical

Activity

All Adults

+ Overall, 62.0% of adults engaged in

at least some leisure-time physical

activity. The remaining 38.0% were

physically inactive during their

leisure time—never engaging in any

light, moderate, or vigorous

leisure-time physical activity

(Table 5.1).

+ Overall, about one in eight adults

(11.8%) engaged in vigorous

leisure-time physical activity at least

five times per week (Table 5.3).

+ About one-fourth of adults engaged

in at least some leisure-time

strengthening activity (Table 5.5).

Figure 5.1. Percentage of adults who engaged in leisure-time physical activity, by age:

United States, 2002–04

Sex

+ Men (64.0%) were more likely than

women (60.2%) to engage in at least

some leisure-time physical activity

(Table 5.1).

+ About 3 in 10 men (28.1%)

compared with about 2 in 10 women

(21.4%) engaged in leisure-time

strengthening activities (Table 5.5).

Age

+ The percentage of adults who

engaged in at least some leisuretime physical activity decreased with

age, from 68.6% among adults

18–24 years to 40.2% among adults

75 years and over (Table 5.1 and

Figure 5.1).

+ The percentage of adults who

engaged in any regular leisure-time

physical activity declined steadily

with age, from 39.3% of adults

18–24 years to 16.8% of adults aged

75 years and over (Table 5.4 and

Figure 5.1).

+ Participation in leisure-time

strengthening physical activities

declined with age for both men and

women (Table 5.5 and Figure 5.2).

Figure 5.2. Percentage of adults who engaged in at least some leisure-time strengthening

activity, by sex and age: United States, 2002–04

Race + Engaging in any regular leisure-time

physical activity was more prevalent

+ White adults (63.7%) and Asian among white adults than among

adults (62.1%) were more likely Asian adults and black adults

than black adults (51.3%) to engage (Table 5.4).

in at least some leisure-time

physical activity (Table 5.1).
Page 42 [ Series 10, No. 230

Figure 5.3. Percentage of adults who engaged in leisure-time physical activity, by

education: United States, 2002–04

Figure 5.4. Percentage of adults who engaged in leisure-time physical activity, by poverty

status: United States, 2002–04

Hispanic or Latino Origin

and Race

+ Non-Hispanic white adults (66.1%)

were more likely than non-Hispanic

black adults (51.3%) and Hispanic

adults (47.6%) to engage in at least

some leisure-time physical activity

(Table 5.1).

+ Engaging in any regular leisure-time

physical activity was more prevalent

among non-Hispanic white adults

(34.5%) than among non-Hispanic

black adults (24.6%) and Hispanic

adults (23.3%) (Table 5.4).

Education

+ The percentage of adults who

engaged in at least some leisuretime physical activity increased with

education. Adults with a graduate

degree were about twice as likely as

adults with less than a high school

diploma to engage in at least some

leisure-time physical activity and

were more likely to be regularly

active (Table 5.1 and Figure 5.3).

+ Men and women with higher levels

of education were more likely than

those with fewer years of education

to engage in regular leisure-time

physical activity, particularly

vigorous activities (Table 5.4).

+ Adults with an advanced academic

degree (39.2%) were more than

three times as likely as adults with

less than a high school diploma

(11.8%) to engage in leisure-time

strengthening activities (Table 5.5).

Poverty Status

+ Among U.S. adults, the likelihood of

engaging in at least some

leisure-time physical activity

increased with family income

(Table 5.1 and Figure 5.4).

+ Adults with family incomes four

times the poverty level or more

were more likely than adults with

family incomes below the poverty

level to engage in light-moderate

leisure-time physical activity at least

five times per week (Table 5.2).
Series 10, No. 230

[ Page 43

+ Adults who had family incomes four

times the poverty level or more

(40.9%) were nearly twice as likely

as adults with family incomes below

the poverty level (22.3%) to engage

in any regular leisure-time physical

activity(

Table 5.4 and Figure 5.4).

Marital Status + Married women (62.4%) were more

likely than women in most of the

other marital status groups to engage

in at least some leisure-time

physical activity(

Table 5.1).

+Widowed adults (24.5%) were less

likely than never married adults

(33.1%), married adults (31.3%),

and divorced or separated adults

(29.4%) to engage in regular

leisure-time physical activity (Table 5.4).

+ Adults who had never been married

were more likely than adults in any

other marital status group to engage

in leisure-time strengthening

activities(

Table 5.5).

Geographic Region + Adults living in the South (28.4%)

were least likely to engage in any

regular leisure-time physical activity

compared with adults living in any

other region(

Table 5.4).

+ Adults living in the South (20.6%)

were less likely to engage in

strengthening activities than adults

in the Midwest (28.0%), Northeast

(26.5%), and

West (26.1%)

(

Table 5.5).
Page 44 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 5.1. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were physically inactive during their

leisure time, and age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in at least some

leisure-time physical activity for at least 10 minutes per episode, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Physically inactive1 At least some physical activity2

Selected characteristic sexes Both sexes Men Women Both sexes Men Women

Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)3 .............

Ages 18 years and over (crude)3 ..................

38.0 (0.40)

37.9 (0.40)

36.0 (0.45)

35.7 (0.45)

39.8 (0.43)

40.0 (0.43)

62.0 (0.40)

62.1 (0.40)

64.0 (0.45)

64.3 (0.45)

60.2 (0.43)

60.0 (0.43)

Age4

18–24 years ...............................

25–44 years ...............................

45–64 years ...............................

65–74 years ...............................

75 years and over ...........................

31.4 (0.73)

34.0 (0.48)

38.2 (0.47)

45.3 (0.76)

59.8 (0.71)

28.4 (0.94)

32.4 (0.57)

37.8 (0.59)

42.7 (1.07)

53.0 (1.13)

34.5 (0.89)

35.6 (0.58)

38.5 (0.54)

47.5 (0.88)

64.1 (0.81)

68.6 (0.73)

66.0 (0.48)

61.8 (0.47)

54.7 (0.76)

40.2 (0.71)

71.6 (0.94)

67.6 (0.57)

62.2 (0.59)

57.3 (1.07)

47.0 (1.13)

65.5 (0.89)

64.4 (0.58)

61.5 (0.54)

52.5 (0.88)

35.9 (0.81)

Race

White, single race ...........................

Black or African American, single race...............

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ..........

Asian, single race ...........................

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .....

2 or more races ............................

Black or African American, white .................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............

36.3 (0.43)

48.7 (0.76)

46.8 (3.34)

37.9 (1.10)

35.5 (4.68)

28.9 (1.62)

36.9 (5.31)

31.0 (2.75)

34.9 (0.48)

44.2 (1.13)

47.2 (4.41)

34.6 (1.71)

33.5 (5.44)

26.7 (2.33)

29.9 (7.95)

30.3 (3.78)

37.5 (0.48)

52.3 (0.78)

45.5 (4.03)

41.1 (1.55)

41.2 (7.92)

30.6 (1.99)

41.4 (7.31)

31.4 (3.47)

63.7 (0.43)

51.3 (0.76)

53.2 (3.34)

62.1 (1.10)

64.5 (4.68)

71.1 (1.62)

63.1 (5.31)

69.0 (2.75)

65.1 (0.48)

55.8 (1.13)

52.8 (4.41)

65.4 (1.71)

66.5 (5.44)

73.3 (2.33)

70.1 (7.95)

69.7 (3.78)

62.5 (0.48)

47.7 (0.78)

54.5 (4.03)

58.9 (1.55)

58.8 (7.92)

69.4 (1.99)

58.6 (7.31)

68.6 (3.47)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino ...........................

Mexican or Mexican-American ..................

Not Hispanic or Latino.........................

White, single race ..........................

Black or African American, single race .............

52.4 (0.63)

52.8 (0.79)

36.0 (0.42)

33.9 (0.46)

48.7 (0.77)

50.5 (0.80)

51.8 (1.04)

33.9 (0.48)

32.5 (0.51)

44.2 (1.14)

54.4 (0.81)

54.0 (1.03)

37.7 (0.46)

35.0 (0.51)

52.4 (0.79)

47.6 (0.63)

47.2 (0.79)

64.0 (0.42)

66.1 (0.46)

51.3 (0.77)

49.5 (0.80)

48.2 (1.04)

66.1 (0.48)

67.5 (0.51)

55.8 (1.14)

45.6 (0.81)

46.0 (1.03)

62.3 (0.46)

65.0 (0.51)

47.6 (0.79)

Education

Less than high school graduate ...................

GED diploma5

..............................

High school graduate .........................

Some college—no degree ......................

Associate of arts degree .......................

Bachelor of arts, science degree ..................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................

59.4 (0.57)

46.5 (1.20)

44.4 (0.57)

32.6 (0.53)

30.9 (0.73)

22.8 (0.46)

18.8 (0.58)

57.7 (0.75)

45.3 (1.76)

42.7 (0.71)

30.0 (0.71)

29.0 (1.10)

21.0 (0.60)

16.9 (0.71)

61.4 (0.73)

47.8 (1.70)

46.1 (0.67)

34.9 (0.61)

32.2 (0.87)

24.5 (0.62)

21.3 (0.88)

40.6 (0.57)

53.5 (1.20)

55.6 (0.57)

67.4 (0.53)

69.1 (0.73)

77.2 (0.46)

81.2 (0.58)

42.3 (0.75)

54.7 (1.76)

57.3 (0.71)

70.0 (0.71)

71.0 (1.10)

79.0 (0.60)

83.1 (0.71)

38.6 (0.73)

52.2 (1.70)

53.9 (0.67)

65.1 (0.61)

67.8 (0.87)

75.5 (0.62)

78.7 (0.88)

Poverty status6

Below poverty level ..........................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ....................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ....................

4 times poverty level or more ....................

54.0 (0.87)

49.8 (0.67)

36.4 (0.53)

23.5 (0.43)

51.6 (1.19)

49.7 (0.91)

36.0 (0.70)

22.1 (0.55)

55.7 (1.01)

50.0 (0.75)

36.7 (0.61)

25.2 (0.55)

46.0 (0.87)

50.2 (0.67)

63.6 (0.53)

76.5 (0.43)

48.4 (1.19)

50.3 (0.91)

64.0 (0.70)

77.9 (0.55)

44.3 (1.01)

50.0 (0.75)

63.3 (0.61)

74.8 (0.55)

Marital status

Never married..............................

Married ..................................

Cohabiting ................................

Divorced or separated.........................

Widowed .................................

39.0 (0.62)

36.8 (0.46)

40.4 (1.05)

41.5 (0.61)

49.1 (1.97)

36.9 (0.85)

35.9 (0.50)

40.7 (1.46)

38.5 (0.87)

43.2 (4.54)

41.4 (0.80)

37.6 (0.54)

40.1 (1.44)

43.6 (0.73)

50.9 (2.08)

61.0 (0.62)

63.2 (0.46)

59.6 (1.05)

58.5 (0.61)

50.9 (1.97)

63.1 (0.85)

64.1 (0.50)

59.3 (1.46)

61.5 (0.87)

56.8 (4.54)

58.6 (0.80)

62.4 (0.54)

59.9 (1.44)

56.4 (0.73)

49.1 (2.08)

Geographic region

Northeast ................................

Midwest .................................

South ...................................

West ...................................

34.8 (0.64)

34.5 (0.74)

43.6 (0.78)

35.1 (0.75)

32.0 (0.76)

33.5 (0.87)

41.3 (0.86)

32.9 (0.88)

37.1 (0.81)

35.3 (0.82)

45.6 (0.84)

37.1 (0.80)

65.2 (0.64)

65.5 (0.74)

56.4 (0.78)

64.9 (0.75)

68.0 (0.76)

66.5 (0.87)

58.7 (0.86)

67.1 (0.88)

62.9 (0.81)

64.7 (0.82)

54.4 (0.84)

62.9 (0.80)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 45

Table 5.1. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were physically inactive during their

leisure time, and age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in at least some

leisure-time physical activity for at least 10 minutes per episode, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Physically inactive1 At least some physical activity2

Selected characteristic sexes Both sexes Men Women Both sexes Men Women

Place of residence7 Percent (standard error)

MSA, central city ............................ 40.5 (0.66) 37.3 (0.78) 43.4 (0.73) 59.5 (0.66) 62.7 (0.78) 56.6 (0.73)

MSA, not central city ......................... 34.8 (0.45) 33.2 (0.51) 36.2 (0.54) 65.2 (0.45) 66.8 (0.51) 63.8 (0.54)

Not MSA ................................. 42.8 (1.11) 41.7 (1.20) 43.7 (1.20) 57.2 (1.11) 58.3 (1.20) 56.3 (1.20)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Engaged in no light-moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting 10 minutes or longer per episode. Persons classified as physically inactive may include individuals who engaged in

strengthening activities but no other type of physical activity.

2Includes vigorous leisure-time physical activities, lasting 10 minutes or longer per episode, that cause heavy sweating or large increases in breathing or heart rate and/or light-moderate leisure-time

physical activities, lasting 10 minutes or longer per episode, that cause only light sweating or a slight to moderate increase in breathing or heart rate.

3Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

5GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

6Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

7MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude

percentages, refer to Table XII. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown leisure-time physical activity status. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 46 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 5.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in light-moderate leisure-time physical

activity for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Times per week engaged in light-moderate activity1

Less

Selected characteristic Total None2 than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4 ............. 100.0 47.0 (0.40) 1.7 (0.05) 14.6 (0.17) 12.9 (0.16) 23.8 (0.26)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................. 100.0 46.9 (0.40) 1.7 (0.05) 14.7 (0.17) 12.9 (0.16) 23.8 (0.26)

Age:5

18–24 years ............................. 100.0 45.4 (0.78) 1.4 (0.14) 15.1 (0.44) 12.6 (0.43) 25.5 (0.64)

25–44 years ............................. 100.0 44.2 (0.49) 2.0 (0.08) 16.6 (0.26) 13.7 (0.24) 23.5 (0.32)

45–64 years ............................. 100.0 46.0 (0.48) 1.8 (0.10) 15.1 (0.28) 13.5 (0.25) 23.6 (0.35)

65–74 years ............................. 100.0 50.8 (0.76) 1.2 (0.13) 10.9 (0.40) 11.9 (0.40) 25.3 (0.62)

75 years and over.......................... 100.0 63.1 (0.71) 0.9 (0.13) 7.1 (0.32) 8.1 (0.37) 20.8 (0.56)

Race:

White, single race .......................... 100.0 45.1 (0.45) 1.7 (0.06) 15.0 (0.20) 13.4 (0.18) 24.8 (0.29)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 58.2 (0.75) 1.7 (0.15) 12.4 (0.40) 10.5 (0.35) 17.2 (0.46)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........ 100.0 54.8 (3.65) *1.0 (0.42) 12.1 (1.81) 9.8 (1.32) 22.3 (2.76)

Asian, single race .......................... 100.0 48.1 (1.14) 1.9 (0.29) 15.7 (0.85) 10.9 (0.67) 23.5 (0.93)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .... 100.0 46.4 (5.72) † 17.4 (4.91) *12.4 (4.47) 20.6 (5.36)

2 or more races ........................... 100.0 38.3 (1.71) 2.3 (0.48) 15.7 (1.29) 15.0 (1.20) 28.7 (1.72)

Black or African American, white ............... 100.0 51.5 (4.88) † *10.3 (3.19) 13.4 (3.81) 23.4 (4.18)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white........... 100.0 37.7 (2.99) *1.6 (0.72) 17.2 (2.21) 11.6 (1.70) 31.8 (3.06)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino .......................... 100.0 62.1 (0.60) 1.4 (0.13) 10.1 (0.31) 9.4 (0.33) 16.9 (0.39)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................. 100.0 62.1 (0.75) 1.6 (0.17) 10.4 (0.38) 8.8 (0.38) 17.1 (0.48)

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................... 100.0 44.9 (0.43) 1.7 (0.06) 15.3 (0.19) 13.4 (0.17) 24.8 (0.28)

White, single race ........................ 100.0 42.5 (0.47) 1.7 (0.07) 15.7 (0.22) 14.0 (0.19) 26.0 (0.31)

Black or African American, single race ............ 100.0 58.3 (0.74) 1.8 (0.15) 12.3 (0.41) 10.4 (0.34) 17.2 (0.46)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................. 100.0 66.4 (0.55) 1.3 (0.12) 8.8 (0.30) 6.9 (0.27) 16.6 (0.41)

GED diploma6 ............................ 100.0 54.5 (1.21) 2.4 (0.36) 12.6 (0.85) 8.3 (0.66) 22.2 (0.99)

High school graduate ........................ 100.0 52.6 (0.55) 1.6 (0.11) 13.4 (0.29) 10.6 (0.27) 21.7 (0.42)

Some college—no degree ..................... 100.0 42.6 (0.58) 1.8 (0.12) 15.1 (0.34) 14.1 (0.33) 26.4 (0.50)

Associate of arts degree ...................... 100.0 39.6 (0.78) 1.9 (0.16) 16.8 (0.46) 15.0 (0.47) 26.7 (0.58)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................. 100.0 33.5 (0.56) 1.6 (0.12) 18.7 (0.35) 18.2 (0.40) 28.0 (0.49)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............... 100.0 30.0 (0.75) 2.0 (0.21) 19.9 (0.58) 18.5 (0.56) 29.7 (0.68)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ......................... 100.0 61.0 (0.83) 1.2 (0.13) 9.9 (0.38) 8.1 (0.32) 19.8 (0.59)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................. 100.0 57.4 (0.66) 1.5 (0.13) 11.5 (0.35) 9.4 (0.31) 20.2 (0.47)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................. 100.0 45.0 (0.55) 1.9 (0.11) 15.4 (0.31) 12.9 (0.29) 24.9 (0.42)

4 times poverty level or more ................... 100.0 33.5 (0.49) 2.0 (0.11) 18.8 (0.31) 16.9 (0.31) 28.7 (0.40)

Marital status:

Never married ............................ 100.0 49.4 (0.65) 1.6 (0.13) 13.3 (0.33) 11.7 (0.30) 24.0 (0.49)

Married ................................ 100.0 45.2 (0.47) 1.8 (0.07) 15.5 (0.24) 13.7 (0.21) 23.9 (0.31)

Cohabiting .............................. 100.0 49.1 (1.10) 1.7 (0.23) 13.7 (0.71) 10.8 (0.65) 24.6 (0.96)

Divorced or separated ....................... 100.0 50.0 (0.62) 1.8 (0.14) 13.6 (0.36) 11.8 (0.30) 22.8 (0.49)

Widowed ............................... 100.0 53.9 (2.03) *0.8 (0.30) 12.3 (1.43) 11.1 (1.26) 21.9 (1.97)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................... 100.0 44.3 (0.69) 1.8 (0.15) 14.8 (0.35) 12.3 (0.32) 26.7 (0.52)

Midwest ................................ 100.0 43.1 (0.79) 1.9 (0.12) 16.4 (0.39) 13.4 (0.33) 25.2 (0.52)

South ................................. 100.0 52.1 (0.78) 1.5 (0.08) 13.3 (0.30) 12.3 (0.28) 20.7 (0.48)

West .................................. 100.0 44.9 (0.77) 1.6 (0.11) 14.7 (0.36) 13.8 (0.34) 24.9 (0.47)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city .......................... 100.0 50.8 (0.70) 1.5 (0.08) 13.7 (0.30) 11.8 (0.28) 22.2 (0.42)

MSA, not central city ........................ 100.0 43.9 (0.47) 1.8 (0.08) 15.8 (0.24) 14.0 (0.21) 24.5 (0.33)

Not MSA ............................... 100.0 49.9 (1.12) 1.5 (0.12) 13.1 (0.40) 11.5 (0.40) 24.0 (0.70)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4 ............. 100.0 46.8 (0.46) 1.9 (0.08) 15.0 (0.26) 12.0 (0.21) 24.3 (0.31)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................. 100.0 46.7 (0.46) 1.9 (0.09) 15.2 (0.26) 12.1 (0.21) 24.3 (0.31)

Age:5

18–24 years ............................. 100.0 46.2 (1.04) 1.4 (0.21) 13.5 (0.61) 11.8 (0.59) 27.1 (0.88)

25–44 years ............................. 100.0 44.7 (0.59) 2.2 (0.13) 17.1 (0.39) 12.6 (0.32) 23.4 (0.42)

45–64 years ............................. 100.0 46.7 (0.62) 2.0 (0.15) 15.8 (0.40) 12.3 (0.36) 23.2 (0.46)

65–74 years ............................. 100.0 48.8 (1.08) 1.4 (0.20) 11.3 (0.64) 11.5 (0.60) 27.0 (0.87)

75 years and over.......................... 100.0 57.3 (1.17) 1.3 (0.25) 7.9 (0.54) 8.7 (0.60) 24.8 (0.95)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 47

Table 5.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in light-moderate leisure-time physical

activity for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Times per week engaged in light-moderate activity1

Less

Selected characteristic Total None2 than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race .......................... 100.0 45.3 (0.51) 1.9 (0.09) 15.3 (0.28) 12.4 (0.23) 25.1 (0.34)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 56.6 (1.17) 1.8 (0.22) 12.7 (0.66) 9.9 (0.49) 19.0 (0.78)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........ 100.0 58.4 (4.86) *1.7 (0.79) 8.0 (1.98) 10.3 (2.04) 21.5 (3.90)

Asian, single race .......................... 100.0 47.4 (1.72) 2.0 (0.48) 17.8 (1.36) 8.9 (0.90) 23.9 (1.57)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .... 100.0 45.4 (6.44) † *15.7 (6.24) *16.6 (6.88) *17.9 (6.38)

2 or more races ........................... 100.0 36.8 (2.43) *2.2 (0.81) 12.5 (1.70) 14.1 (1.60) 34.4 (2.60)

Black or African American, white ............... 100.0 48.2 (8.49) – *10.4 (4.66) *11.7 (5.24) 29.7 (7.65)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white........... 100.0 38.4 (4.20) † 14.3 (2.74) 9.0 (2.16) 37.0 (4.52)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino .......................... 100.0 62.7 (0.80) 1.6 (0.19) 10.4 (0.46) 8.7 (0.44) 16.7 (0.59)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................. 100.0 63.4 (1.10) 1.7 (0.23) 10.4 (0.58) 7.9 (0.51) 16.6 (0.77)

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................... 100.0 44.5 (0.50) 1.9 (0.09) 15.6 (0.28) 12.4 (0.23) 25.5 (0.34)

White, single race ........................ 100.0 42.6 (0.54) 1.9 (0.10) 16.1 (0.31) 13.0 (0.25) 26.4 (0.37)

Black or African American, single race ............ 100.0 56.7 (1.15) 1.9 (0.22) 12.5 (0.67) 9.8 (0.46) 19.2 (0.79)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................. 100.0 66.4 (0.73) 1.5 (0.18) 8.6 (0.43) 6.5 (0.36) 17.0 (0.59)

GED diploma6 ............................ 100.0 54.8 (1.74) 3.2 (0.61) 13.8 (1.30) 6.7 (0.81) 21.6 (1.42)

High school graduate ........................ 100.0 52.6 (0.69) 1.7 (0.16) 14.0 (0.44) 9.8 (0.37) 21.9 (0.53)

Some college—no degree ..................... 100.0 42.1 (0.73) 2.1 (0.19) 14.9 (0.48) 13.1 (0.49) 27.8 (0.72)

Associate of arts degree ...................... 100.0 39.4 (1.15) 2.2 (0.27) 17.1 (0.81) 13.6 (0.70) 27.6 (0.87)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................. 100.0 33.5 (0.76) 1.9 (0.18) 19.6 (0.57) 17.1 (0.51) 28.0 (0.68)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............... 100.0 29.4 (0.97) 1.9 (0.29) 20.7 (0.84) 17.7 (0.79) 30.3 (0.94)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ......................... 100.0 60.8 (1.20) 1.3 (0.23) 9.5 (0.55) 8.0 (0.57) 20.5 (0.85)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................. 100.0 58.7 (0.91) 1.7 (0.21) 11.1 (0.52) 8.7 (0.46) 19.8 (0.65)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................. 100.0 46.5 (0.72) 1.9 (0.16) 15.0 (0.43) 11.5 (0.37) 25.0 (0.58)

4 times poverty level or more ................... 100.0 33.5 (0.63) 2.3 (0.17) 19.3 (0.44) 15.7 (0.43) 29.2 (0.54)

Marital status:

Never married ............................ 100.0 49.4 (0.87) 1.7 (0.19) 12.4 (0.45) 10.9 (0.43) 25.5 (0.70)

Married ................................ 100.0 45.7 (0.54) 1.9 (0.11) 16.5 (0.34) 12.5 (0.28) 23.5 (0.37)

Cohabiting .............................. 100.0 51.1 (1.52) 2.1 (0.38) 13.5 (0.93) 10.4 (0.89) 22.9 (1.27)

Divorced or separated ....................... 100.0 49.5 (0.90) 1.9 (0.24) 13.6 (0.57) 10.8 (0.51) 24.2 (0.74)

Widowed ............................... 100.0 47.4 (4.59) *0.6 (0.20) 8.3 (2.19) 11.3 (3.14) 32.4 (5.26)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................... 100.0 43.6 (0.82) 2.0 (0.24) 15.4 (0.56) 11.2 (0.39) 27.9 (0.67)

Midwest ................................ 100.0 43.2 (0.95) 2.3 (0.19) 16.7 (0.61) 12.5 (0.42) 25.4 (0.61)

South ................................. 100.0 51.8 (0.84) 1.6 (0.11) 13.7 (0.43) 11.7 (0.38) 21.3 (0.56)

West .................................. 100.0 45.1 (0.96) 1.8 (0.18) 15.0 (0.49) 12.7 (0.45) 25.5 (0.61)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city .......................... 100.0 49.9 (0.82) 1.7 (0.14) 14.1 (0.44) 11.1 (0.39) 23.1 (0.53)

MSA, not central city ........................ 100.0 44.0 (0.54) 2.0 (0.12) 16.1 (0.38) 12.9 (0.27) 25.1 (0.41)

Not MSA ............................... 100.0 50.1 (1.20) 1.8 (0.18) 13.3 (0.52) 10.9 (0.52) 24.0 (0.80)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4 ............. 100.0 47.1 (0.44) 1.5 (0.06) 14.3 (0.20) 13.8 (0.19) 23.3 (0.32)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................. 100.0 47.2 (0.44) 1.5 (0.06) 14.3 (0.19) 13.7 (0.19) 23.3 (0.31)

Age:5

18–24 years ............................. 100.0 44.6 (0.94) 1.4 (0.18) 16.7 (0.60) 13.3 (0.60) 23.9 (0.81)

25–44 years ............................. 100.0 43.8 (0.57) 1.8 (0.11) 16.0 (0.33) 14.9 (0.29) 23.6 (0.42)

45–64 years ............................. 100.0 45.4 (0.56) 1.6 (0.12) 14.4 (0.35) 14.7 (0.34) 24.0 (0.45)

65–74 years ............................. 100.0 52.4 (0.85) 1.1 (0.15) 10.5 (0.51) 12.2 (0.49) 23.9 (0.76)

75 years and over.......................... 100.0 66.8 (0.80) 0.7 (0.13) 6.7 (0.39) 7.6 (0.44) 18.2 (0.65)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 48 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 5.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in light-moderate leisure-time physical

activity for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Times per week engaged in light-moderate activity1

Less

Selected characteristic Total None2 than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race .......................... 100.0 44.8 (0.50) 1.5 (0.07) 14.7 (0.24) 14.4 (0.23) 24.7 (0.37)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 59.5 (0.81) 1.7 (0.19) 12.2 (0.41) 10.9 (0.47) 15.7 (0.45)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........ 100.0 51.1 (4.07) † 16.5 (2.65) 9.1 (1.75) 23.1 (3.01)

Asian, single race .......................... 100.0 48.6 (1.56) 1.7 (0.33) 13.6 (1.04) 12.9 (1.00) 23.3 (1.15)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .... 100.0 49.3 (8.92) † *17.9 (5.82) † 26.5 (7.59)

2 or more races ........................... 100.0 39.2 (2.21) 2.4 (0.66) 18.7 (1.65) 15.6 (1.62) 24.2 (2.09)

Black or African American, white ............... 100.0 54.8 (5.60) † *8.3 (2.57) *14.3 (4.87) 20.4 (4.56)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white........... 100.0 36.9 (3.88) † 19.6 (2.93) 13.8 (2.38) 27.7 (3.51)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino .......................... 100.0 61.7 (0.77) 1.3 (0.16) 9.8 (0.42) 10.0 (0.45) 17.2 (0.52)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................. 100.0 60.8 (0.94) 1.5 (0.26) 10.3 (0.56) 9.6 (0.53) 17.7 (0.61)

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................... 100.0 45.0 (0.47) 1.6 (0.07) 15.0 (0.22) 14.3 (0.20) 24.2 (0.34)

White, single race ........................ 100.0 42.3 (0.53) 1.5 (0.08) 15.4 (0.26) 15.0 (0.24) 25.8 (0.40)

Black or African American, single race ............ 100.0 59.6 (0.82) 1.7 (0.19) 12.2 (0.42) 10.8 (0.47) 15.7 (0.45)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................. 100.0 66.3 (0.69) 1.2 (0.15) 8.9 (0.41) 7.3 (0.37) 16.3 (0.50)

GED diploma6 ............................ 100.0 54.3 (1.68) 1.4 (0.34) 11.4 (0.98) 10.0 (1.02) 22.8 (1.38)

High school graduate ........................ 100.0 52.5 (0.67) 1.6 (0.13) 13.0 (0.36) 11.3 (0.36) 21.7 (0.54)

Some college—no degree ..................... 100.0 43.1 (0.69) 1.6 (0.14) 15.3 (0.43) 15.0 (0.42) 25.1 (0.58)

Associate of arts degree ...................... 100.0 39.6 (0.92) 1.7 (0.21) 16.6 (0.60) 16.1 (0.65) 26.0 (0.80)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................. 100.0 33.4 (0.71) 1.4 (0.14) 17.9 (0.46) 19.2 (0.57) 28.0 (0.70)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............... 100.0 30.8 (0.99) 2.0 (0.27) 18.8 (0.78) 19.3 (0.76) 29.0 (0.97)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ......................... 100.0 61.1 (0.93) 1.2 (0.17) 10.1 (0.47) 8.2 (0.43) 19.4 (0.73)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................. 100.0 56.3 (0.70) 1.3 (0.15) 11.9 (0.44) 10.0 (0.37) 20.5 (0.60)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................. 100.0 43.5 (0.64) 1.8 (0.14) 15.7 (0.43) 14.2 (0.40) 24.8 (0.53)

4 times poverty level or more ................... 100.0 33.6 (0.60) 1.7 (0.13) 18.4 (0.41) 18.2 (0.40) 28.1 (0.54)

Marital status:

Never married ............................ 100.0 49.2 (0.81) 1.5 (0.17) 14.4 (0.46) 12.6 (0.42) 22.4 (0.61)

Married ................................ 100.0 44.8 (0.55) 1.6 (0.08) 14.6 (0.28) 14.8 (0.25) 24.2 (0.41)

Cohabiting .............................. 100.0 46.9 (1.51) 1.3 (0.25) 13.8 (1.01) 11.2 (0.85) 26.7 (1.37)

Divorced or separated ....................... 100.0 50.3 (0.74) 1.7 (0.17) 13.7 (0.46) 12.5 (0.43) 21.8 (0.62)

Widowed ............................... 100.0 55.8 (2.18) *0.9 (0.39) 13.6 (1.68) 11.0 (1.37) 18.7 (1.62)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................... 100.0 44.9 (0.85) 1.6 (0.16) 14.3 (0.37) 13.4 (0.45) 25.8 (0.69)

Midwest ................................ 100.0 42.9 (0.87) 1.6 (0.13) 16.1 (0.42) 14.4 (0.39) 25.0 (0.62)

South ................................. 100.0 52.3 (0.84) 1.5 (0.11) 13.0 (0.35) 12.9 (0.30) 20.3 (0.57)

West .................................. 100.0 44.6 (0.81) 1.4 (0.12) 14.6 (0.42) 14.9 (0.43) 24.5 (0.65)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city .......................... 100.0 51.4 (0.77) 1.4 (0.11) 13.3 (0.36) 12.5 (0.30) 21.4 (0.51)

MSA, not central city ........................ 100.0 43.6 (0.55) 1.7 (0.10) 15.5 (0.26) 15.1 (0.27) 24.1 (0.43)

Not MSA ............................... 100.0 49.6 (1.20) 1.2 (0.14) 12.9 (0.53) 12.1 (0.47) 24.2 (0.83)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero

1Light-moderate activity: Leisure-time physical activities that cause only light sweating or a light to moderate increase in breathing or heart rate and are done for at least 10 minutes per episode.

2None: Persons classified as not doing light-moderate activity may include individuals who engaged in vigorous activity but did not engage in light-moderate activity.

3‘‘Less than 1’’ refers to frequencies of light-moderate activities lasting 10 minutes per episode that occurred less than one time per week (for example, three times per month.)

4Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

5Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

6GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

7Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

8MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Table XIII. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown light-moderate leisure-time physical activity status. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 49

Table 5.3. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in vigorous leisure-time physical activity for

adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Times per week engaged in vigorous activity1

Selected characteristic Total None2 Less than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4 ............... 100.0 60.0 (0.38) 2.8 (0.08) 12.2 (0.18) 13.2 (0.17) 11.8 (0.17)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................... 100.0 59.9 (0.38) 2.9 (0.08) 12.2 (0.18) 13.2 (0.17) 11.8 (0.17)

Age:5

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 46.4 (0.82) 3.3 (0.25) 16.3 (0.50) 17.3 (0.51) 16.8 (0.50)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 52.6 (0.48) 3.5 (0.13) 15.2 (0.28) 15.9 (0.25) 12.8 (0.23)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 63.3 (0.46) 2.8 (0.14) 10.9 (0.24) 12.1 (0.25) 10.9 (0.24)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 76.8 (0.66) 1.3 (0.14) 5.6 (0.29) 7.5 (0.35) 8.7 (0.40)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 87.7 (0.47) 0.8 (0.11) 3.1 (0.23) 3.3 (0.25) 5.1 (0.30)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 58.3 (0.41) 3.0 (0.09) 12.6 (0.20) 13.8 (0.19) 12.4 (0.19)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 68.0 (0.70) 2.2 (0.14) 10.1 (0.34) 10.8 (0.36) 8.9 (0.34)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 70.1 (2.36) *1.2 (0.47) 8.4 (1.33) 9.2 (1.33) 11.1 (1.91)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 64.9 (1.15) 3.1 (0.44) 11.4 (0.73) 11.4 (0.80) 9.2 (0.68)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 62.0 (5.48) † *13.7 (4.39) 8.4 (2.42) 12.9 (3.37)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 54.1 (1.91) 3.2 (0.59) 14.3 (1.21) 15.9 (1.28) 12.5 (1.03)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 58.2 (4.84) † 13.7 (3.26) 11.9 (2.41) 11.7 (3.46)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 53.5 (2.82) 4.4 (1.03) 15.1 (1.86) 13.4 (1.96) 13.6 (1.87)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 70.9 (0.54) 1.9 (0.14) 9.4 (0.31) 8.7 (0.28) 9.1 (0.31)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 71.4 (0.68) 2.1 (0.19) 9.4 (0.43) 8.3 (0.33) 8.8 (0.41)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 58.3 (0.40) 3.0 (0.09) 12.6 (0.19) 13.9 (0.18) 12.2 (0.18)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 56.4 (0.44) 3.1 (0.10) 13.1 (0.22) 14.5 (0.21) 12.9 (0.21)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 68.1 (0.71) 2.2 (0.14) 10.0 (0.34) 10.8 (0.37) 8.8 (0.35)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 77.4 (0.48) 1.6 (0.15) 7.3 (0.26) 5.7 (0.25) 8.0 (0.30)

GED diploma6

............................... 100.0 69.6 (1.11) 2.3 (0.32) 10.6 (0.82) 7.6 (0.63) 9.9 (0.70)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 67.2 (0.52) 2.4 (0.13) 10.4 (0.27) 9.3 (0.22) 10.7 (0.29)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 55.5 (0.56) 3.3 (0.17) 13.4 (0.33) 14.6 (0.36) 13.2 (0.33)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 55.9 (0.75) 3.1 (0.22) 13.1 (0.44) 15.6 (0.49) 12.3 (0.43)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 46.4 (0.58) 3.6 (0.18) 16.0 (0.40) 19.9 (0.40) 14.1 (0.35)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 40.9 (0.77) 3.9 (0.29) 17.2 (0.58) 22.6 (0.58) 15.5 (0.52)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 73.9 (0.81) 1.8 (0.16) 8.0 (0.38) 7.2 (0.35) 9.1 (0.40)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 71.1 (0.58) 2.3 (0.17) 9.1 (0.30) 8.1 (0.29) 9.4 (0.34)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 60.4 (0.51) 2.9 (0.14) 12.8 (0.27) 12.3 (0.29) 11.5 (0.28)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 46.6 (0.50) 3.8 (0.15) 16.1 (0.31) 19.1 (0.33) 14.5 (0.29)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 59.3 (0.55) 2.6 (0.14) 11.5 (0.29) 13.8 (0.34) 12.8 (0.34)

Married ................................... 100.0 59.7 (0.43) 3.1 (0.11) 12.8 (0.22) 13.1 (0.20) 11.3 (0.20)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 61.1 (1.01) 2.9 (0.30) 12.5 (0.65) 11.5 (0.59) 12.0 (0.68)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 64.1 (0.55) 2.3 (0.17) 10.5 (0.33) 11.8 (0.33) 11.3 (0.33)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 72.5 (1.96) *2.0 (0.68) 7.6 (1.25) 8.5 (1.04) 9.5 (1.53)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 58.6 (0.66) 2.7 (0.14) 11.8 (0.36) 14.2 (0.43) 12.8 (0.37)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 57.2 (0.68) 3.5 (0.17) 13.9 (0.35) 13.5 (0.33) 11.8 (0.32)

South .................................... 100.0 63.9 (0.71) 2.5 (0.13) 11.0 (0.29) 11.9 (0.28) 10.8 (0.31)

West .................................... 100.0 57.4 (0.77) 2.9 (0.21) 12.8 (0.43) 14.2 (0.34) 12.7 (0.32)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city ............................ 100.0 61.1 (0.62) 2.6 (0.13) 11.9 (0.28) 13.1 (0.30) 11.3 (0.27)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 57.8 (0.45) 3.0 (0.11) 12.7 (0.23) 14.3 (0.20) 12.2 (0.22)

Not MSA ................................. 100.0 64.1 (0.97) 2.8 (0.21) 11.4 (0.44) 10.2 (0.43) 11.4 (0.43)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4 ............... 100.0 54.4 (0.45) 3.4 (0.12) 14.4 (0.25) 13.9 (0.23) 14.0 (0.25)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................... 100.0 53.8 (0.46) 3.5 (0.12) 14.6 (0.26) 14.0 (0.24) 14.1 (0.25)

Age:5

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 37.9 (1.08) 3.5 (0.39) 18.0 (0.74) 19.1 (0.79) 21.6 (0.79)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 46.6 (0.59) 4.1 (0.19) 18.1 (0.42) 16.5 (0.36) 14.7 (0.35)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 59.2 (0.62) 3.6 (0.23) 12.8 (0.33) 12.2 (0.37) 12.3 (0.34)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 73.0 (0.99) 1.8 (0.25) 7.1 (0.51) 8.0 (0.53) 10.2 (0.61)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 82.5 (0.80) 1.0 (0.21) 3.8 (0.39) 4.8 (0.49) 7.9 (0.53)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 50 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 5.3. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in vigorous leisure-time physical activity for

adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Times per week engaged in vigorous activity1

Selected characteristic Total None2 Less than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 53.3 (0.49) 3.6 (0.13) 14.5 (0.28) 14.0 (0.26) 14.5 (0.28)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 60.1 (1.05) 2.2 (0.24) 12.5 (0.60) 13.5 (0.64) 11.7 (0.55)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 64.8 (3.71) *1.8 (0.76) 11.3 (2.03) 10.7 (2.53) 11.4 (2.89)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 58.1 (1.73) 3.8 (0.79) 14.6 (1.25) 12.1 (1.10) 11.4 (1.06)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 57.9 (5.80) † *12.3 (6.09) *13.1 (4.06) *14.1 (4.30)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 48.4 (2.35) 2.9 (0.80) 16.9 (1.91) 16.9 (1.93) 14.8 (1.62)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 48.0 (7.09) † *19.1 (6.43) 14.3 (3.80) *13.8 (5.56)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 48.7 (3.87) *4.2 (1.43) 17.9 (3.01) 12.7 (3.31) 16.5 (3.24)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 65.1 (0.75) 2.2 (0.21) 12.1 (0.46) 9.5 (0.41) 11.2 (0.50)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 66.0 (0.93) 2.4 (0.29) 12.2 (0.63) 8.9 (0.53) 10.4 (0.64)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 52.7 (0.49) 3.6 (0.13) 14.7 (0.28) 14.5 (0.26) 14.5 (0.28)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 51.4 (0.52) 3.8 (0.14) 15.0 (0.30) 14.7 (0.28) 15.1 (0.31)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 60.3 (1.07) 2.2 (0.24) 12.3 (0.63) 13.6 (0.65) 11.6 (0.56)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 72.7 (0.69) 1.7 (0.22) 9.0 (0.41) 6.5 (0.38) 10.2 (0.47)

GED diploma6

............................... 100.0 65.3 (1.64) 2.8 (0.52) 13.0 (1.29) 8.1 (0.89) 10.7 (0.96)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 62.0 (0.65) 2.9 (0.20) 12.6 (0.42) 9.5 (0.34) 13.0 (0.46)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 49.3 (0.77) 3.9 (0.29) 15.1 (0.50) 15.5 (0.55) 16.2 (0.54)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 50.3 (1.14) 3.7 (0.39) 15.3 (0.71) 16.3 (0.75) 14.5 (0.68)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 39.8 (0.77) 4.5 (0.29) 19.1 (0.61) 20.7 (0.58) 15.9 (0.56)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 35.5 (0.95) 4.6 (0.44) 19.1 (0.76) 24.1 (0.87) 16.7 (0.77)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 67.8 (1.13) 1.9 (0.28) 9.8 (0.60) 9.2 (0.62) 11.3 (0.66)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 66.8 (0.81) 2.7 (0.27) 11.1 (0.50) 8.6 (0.44) 10.8 (0.50)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 56.1 (0.69) 3.5 (0.22) 14.5 (0.43) 12.0 (0.38) 13.9 (0.42)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 41.3 (0.67) 4.4 (0.23) 18.3 (0.45) 19.7 (0.47) 16.4 (0.46)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 54.5 (0.75) 2.8 (0.23) 12.0 (0.40) 15.0 (0.50) 15.6 (0.49)

Married ................................... 100.0 55.2 (0.53) 3.6 (0.16) 15.5 (0.32) 13.1 (0.29) 12.6 (0.29)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 56.6 (1.38) 4.2 (0.53) 13.6 (0.89) 11.5 (0.75) 14.0 (0.96)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 57.0 (0.81) 2.7 (0.28) 12.2 (0.54) 13.8 (0.55) 14.3 (0.59)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 66.1 (5.10) † *8.9 (3.01) 9.3 (2.54) *13.4 (4.54)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 52.2 (0.86) 3.4 (0.23) 14.1 (0.53) 15.1 (0.54) 15.2 (0.65)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 52.9 (0.84) 4.1 (0.25) 15.8 (0.55) 13.8 (0.49) 13.5 (0.46)

South .................................... 100.0 58.3 (0.83) 2.8 (0.17) 13.0 (0.40) 12.8 (0.40) 13.0 (0.43)

West .................................... 100.0 51.0 (0.95) 3.7 (0.31) 15.1 (0.57) 14.9 (0.43) 15.3 (0.53)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city ............................ 100.0 54.5 (0.77) 3.1 (0.21) 14.4 (0.42) 14.2 (0.41) 13.8 (0.40)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 52.3 (0.54) 3.6 (0.16) 14.7 (0.32) 15.0 (0.30) 14.5 (0.35)

Not MSA ................................. 100.0 59.7 (1.08) 3.3 (0.29) 13.5 (0.57) 10.5 (0.59) 13.1 (0.55)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4 ............... 100.0 65.2 (0.40) 2.3 (0.09) 10.2 (0.19) 12.5 (0.20) 9.8 (0.18)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................... 100.0 65.6 (0.40) 2.3 (0.09) 10.1 (0.19) 12.4 (0.20) 9.7 (0.18)

Age:5

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 54.8 (0.98) 3.2 (0.31) 14.6 (0.64) 15.5 (0.59) 12.0 (0.58)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 58.4 (0.56) 2.9 (0.16) 12.4 (0.31) 15.3 (0.32) 10.9 (0.27)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 67.1 (0.49) 2.0 (0.12) 9.1 (0.30) 12.1 (0.30) 9.6 (0.28)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 80.0 (0.70) 1.0 (0.16) 4.5 (0.32) 7.1 (0.42) 7.5 (0.45)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 91.1 (0.50) 0.7 (0.12) 2.6 (0.25) 2.4 (0.26) 3.3 (0.30)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 62.9 (0.44) 2.4 (0.11) 10.8 (0.23) 13.5 (0.23) 10.4 (0.21)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 74.4 (0.69) 2.2 (0.19) 8.2 (0.37) 8.6 (0.36) 6.6 (0.34)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 74.9 (2.86) † 5.7 (1.43) 7.6 (1.55) 11.2 (2.18)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 71.8 (1.34) 2.5 (0.44) 8.1 (0.74) 10.6 (0.95) 7.1 (0.78)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 68.7 (6.98) † *16.3 (6.62) † *10.0 (3.97)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 59.1 (2.55) 3.4 (0.80) 12.1 (1.40) 14.9 (1.62) 10.5 (1.41)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 63.7 (7.24) † *10.2 (3.45) 9.9 (2.88) *13.4 (5.75)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 57.4 (3.92) *4.5 (1.47) 12.8 (2.26) 14.0 (2.56) 11.3 (2.28)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 51

Table 5.3. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in vigorous leisure-time physical activity for

adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Times per week engaged in vigorous activity1

Selected characteristic Total None2 Less than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 76.9 (0.66) 1.7 (0.18) 6.6 (0.34) 7.8 (0.40) 7.0 (0.37)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 77.2 (0.83) 1.7 (0.23) 6.4 (0.43) 7.6 (0.50) 7.1 (0.45)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 63.4 (0.43) 2.4 (0.10) 10.8 (0.21) 13.3 (0.21) 10.1 (0.20)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 61.0 (0.47) 2.5 (0.12) 11.3 (0.25) 14.3 (0.25) 10.9 (0.23)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 74.5 (0.71) 2.2 (0.20) 8.2 (0.38) 8.6 (0.37) 6.6 (0.35)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 82.5 (0.57) 1.5 (0.18) 5.5 (0.33) 4.8 (0.33) 5.8 (0.33)

GED diploma6

............................... 100.0 74.0 (1.36) 1.7 (0.37) 8.1 (0.90) 7.2 (0.81) 9.0 (0.96)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 72.1 (0.60) 1.9 (0.15) 8.2 (0.31) 9.2 (0.30) 8.6 (0.33)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 61.0 (0.62) 2.8 (0.20) 12.0 (0.40) 13.8 (0.42) 10.5 (0.36)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 60.3 (0.90) 2.6 (0.27) 11.4 (0.52) 15.1 (0.63) 10.7 (0.54)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 52.5 (0.69) 2.8 (0.20) 13.0 (0.44) 19.2 (0.49) 12.5 (0.44)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 47.2 (1.06) 3.0 (0.32) 15.0 (0.72) 20.9 (0.74) 13.8 (0.66)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 78.3 (0.92) 1.7 (0.21) 6.6 (0.45) 5.8 (0.38) 7.6 (0.42)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 74.8 (0.65) 1.9 (0.18) 7.5 (0.36) 7.6 (0.38) 8.1 (0.42)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 64.8 (0.59) 2.4 (0.16) 11.1 (0.36) 12.5 (0.39) 9.1 (0.32)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 52.3 (0.59) 3.3 (0.20) 13.6 (0.37) 18.4 (0.41) 12.4 (0.37)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 64.9 (0.73) 2.4 (0.19) 10.7 (0.43) 12.4 (0.42) 9.6 (0.44)

Married ................................... 100.0 64.1 (0.49) 2.5 (0.12) 10.3 (0.25) 13.1 (0.26) 10.0 (0.25)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 65.8 (1.32) 1.6 (0.24) 11.4 (0.85) 11.6 (0.96) 9.7 (0.77)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 68.9 (0.66) 2.1 (0.19) 9.3 (0.41) 10.5 (0.41) 9.2 (0.37)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 74.3 (1.91) *1.9 (0.72) 7.2 (1.25) 8.3 (1.14) 8.3 (1.36)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 64.2 (0.74) 2.0 (0.18) 9.8 (0.41) 13.4 (0.50) 10.6 (0.38)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 61.2 (0.74) 3.0 (0.22) 12.1 (0.43) 13.4 (0.41) 10.3 (0.39)

South .................................... 100.0 69.1 (0.75) 2.1 (0.16) 9.0 (0.30) 11.0 (0.30) 8.7 (0.32)

West .................................... 100.0 63.6 (0.77) 2.2 (0.17) 10.5 (0.45) 13.5 (0.42) 10.2 (0.35)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city ............................ 100.0 67.0 (0.66) 2.2 (0.15) 9.7 (0.28) 12.1 (0.36) 9.0 (0.29)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 62.9 (0.50) 2.4 (0.13) 10.8 (0.26) 13.7 (0.27) 10.1 (0.25)

Not MSA ................................. 100.0 68.2 (1.08) 2.3 (0.23) 9.6 (0.52) 10.0 (0.44) 9.9 (0.48)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Vigorous activity: Leisure-time physical activities that cause heavy sweating or large increases in breathing or heart rate and are done for at least 10 minutes per episode.

2None: Persons classified as not doing vigorous activity may include individuals who engaged in light-moderate activity but did not engage in vigorous activity.

3‘‘Less than 1’’ refers to frequencies of vigorous activities lasting 10 minutes per episode that occurred less than one time per week (for example, three times per month.)

4Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

5Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

6GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

7Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

8MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Table XIV. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown vigorous leisure-time physical activity status. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 52 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 5.4. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in regular leisure-time physical

activity, by type of activity and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Regular activity1

Selected characteristic Light-moderate Vigorous Any

Both sexes Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ............................ 15.1 (0.20) 23.1 (0.25) 31.6 (0.29)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................ 15.1 (0.20) 23.1 (0.25) 31.6 (0.29)

Age:3

18–24 years ............................................ 16.7 (0.53) 32.2 (0.69) 39.3 (0.74)

25–44 years ............................................ 14.7 (0.26) 26.7 (0.32) 34.0 (0.38)

45–64 years ............................................ 15.1 (0.29) 21.0 (0.34) 30.4 (0.38)

65–74 years ............................................ 17.1 (0.53) 14.4 (0.52) 27.0 (0.64)

75 years and over ........................................ 12.0 (0.45) 7.0 (0.37) 16.8 (0.49)

Race:

White, single race ........................................ 15.8 (0.23) 24.2 (0.28) 33.0 (0.33)

Black or African American, single race............................ 10.9 (0.36) 18.2 (0.53) 24.6 (0.59)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ....................... 11.4 (1.75) 16.3 (1.87) 23.7 (2.21)

Asian, single race ........................................ 14.2 (0.86) 18.8 (0.99) 29.3 (1.13)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .................. *17.1 (5.40) 21.3 (4.32) 32.4 (5.05)

2 or more races ......................................... 16.8 (1.30) 25.2 (1.46) 34.5 (1.65)

Black or African American, white .............................. 13.3 (3.27) 21.5 (3.70) 29.3 (3.87)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ......................... 18.0 (2.36) 22.9 (2.49) 33.3 (2.84)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ........................................ 11.6 (0.33) 16.2 (0.40) 23.3 (0.46)

Mexican or Mexican-American ............................... 11.7 (0.39) 15.4 (0.47) 22.8 (0.52)

Not Hispanic or Latino...................................... 15.6 (0.22) 24.1 (0.27) 32.9 (0.32)

White, single race ....................................... 16.5 (0.25) 25.4 (0.30) 34.5 (0.35)

Black or African American, single race .......................... 10.9 (0.37) 18.2 (0.55) 24.6 (0.60)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................................ 11.0 (0.34) 12.1 (0.36) 19.1 (0.43)

GED diploma4

........................................... 14.5 (0.84) 15.5 (0.81) 24.4 (1.02)

High school graduate ...................................... 14.1 (0.35) 18.0 (0.38) 26.7 (0.47)

Some college—no degree ................................... 16.8 (0.38) 25.5 (0.48) 34.7 (0.53)

Associate of arts degree .................................... 16.8 (0.48) 25.7 (0.59) 35.3 (0.65)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ............................... 17.5 (0.42) 32.3 (0.49) 41.6 (0.51)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............................. 18.0 (0.53) 36.4 (0.72) 45.3 (0.75)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ....................................... 11.9 (0.48) 14.9 (0.57) 22.3 (0.65)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ................................. 12.5 (0.38) 15.4 (0.43) 23.3 (0.50)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ................................. 15.8 (0.35) 21.9 (0.38) 31.1 (0.44)

4 times poverty level or more ................................. 18.3 (0.33) 31.5 (0.40) 40.9 (0.43)

Marital status:3

Never married........................................... 15.1 (0.40) 24.8 (0.44) 33.1 (0.52)

Married ............................................... 15.2 (0.24) 22.4 (0.28) 31.3 (0.33)

Cohabiting ............................................. 16.0 (0.86) 21.5 (0.91) 30.6 (1.05)

Divorced or separated...................................... 14.5 (0.39) 21.0 (0.45) 29.4 (0.50)

Widowed .............................................. 12.2 (1.78) 16.3 (1.67) 24.5 (1.97)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................................. 16.5 (0.51) 24.9 (0.56) 34.4 (0.66)

Midwest .............................................. 15.2 (0.38) 23.4 (0.42) 32.1 (0.54)

South ................................................ 13.5 (0.37) 20.9 (0.47) 28.4 (0.55)

West ................................................ 16.5 (0.32) 24.9 (0.46) 34.3 (0.47)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ......................................... 13.8 (0.30) 22.6 (0.40) 30.5 (0.48)

MSA, not central city ...................................... 15.7 (0.28) 24.7 (0.31) 33.5 (0.36)

Not MSA .............................................. 15.3 (0.53) 19.4 (0.62) 28.3 (0.74)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ............................ 15.9 (0.26) 25.9 (0.34) 34.1 (0.37)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................ 15.9 (0.26) 26.1 (0.34) 34.2 (0.38)

Age:3

18–24 years ............................................ 18.4 (0.76) 38.4 (0.97) 44.5 (1.01)

25–44 years ............................................ 15.1 (0.36) 29.1 (0.47) 35.7 (0.50)

45–64 years ............................................ 15.2 (0.38) 22.5 (0.49) 31.3 (0.52)

65–74 years ............................................ 18.9 (0.79) 16.7 (0.76) 30.2 (0.91)

75 years and over ........................................ 15.1 (0.75) 11.1 (0.68) 22.1 (0.84)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 53

Table 5.4. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in regular leisure-time physical

activity, by type of activity and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Regular activity1

Selected characteristic Light-moderate Vigorous Any

Men—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ........................................ 16.5 (0.30) 26.5 (0.38) 34.9 (0.42)

Black or African American, single race............................ 12.9 (0.59) 23.7 (0.84) 29.8 (0.89)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ....................... 9.5 (2.43) 16.6 (2.91) 22.9 (3.27)

Asian, single race ........................................ 13.8 (1.20) 21.7 (1.45) 31.4 (1.69)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .................. *15.1 (6.38) 27.1 (5.62) 34.9 (6.32)

2 or more races ......................................... 18.5 (1.94) 27.7 (2.12) 36.9 (2.40)

Black or African American, white .............................. *14.4 (5.77) 28.2 (5.77) 33.0 (6.63)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ......................... 22.1 (3.99) 24.6 (3.84) 36.4 (4.20)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ........................................ 11.6 (0.51) 19.0 (0.61) 25.3 (0.69)

Mexican or Mexican-American ............................... 11.4 (0.63) 17.7 (0.76) 24.2 (0.87)

Not Hispanic or Latino...................................... 16.6 (0.29) 26.9 (0.37) 35.4 (0.41)

White, single race ....................................... 17.3 (0.32) 27.7 (0.41) 36.4 (0.46)

Black or African American, single race .......................... 13.0 (0.60) 23.7 (0.86) 29.9 (0.91)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................................ 11.6 (0.50) 14.9 (0.56) 21.3 (0.65)

GED diploma4

........................................... 15.4 (1.24) 17.3 (1.18) 25.8 (1.45)

High school graduate ...................................... 14.8 (0.46) 20.4 (0.53) 28.8 (0.62)

Some college—no degree ................................... 18.5 (0.58) 29.5 (0.70) 38.6 (0.77)

Associate of arts degree .................................... 18.6 (0.85) 28.1 (0.90) 37.6 (1.02)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ............................... 17.5 (0.55) 34.7 (0.71) 43.2 (0.72)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............................. 18.2 (0.71) 39.1 (0.98) 47.4 (1.00)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ....................................... 12.8 (0.74) 19.1 (0.87) 26.3 (1.04)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ................................. 12.4 (0.52) 17.5 (0.62) 24.2 (0.69)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ................................. 16.7 (0.49) 23.9 (0.54) 32.9 (0.62)

4 times poverty level or more ................................. 19.1 (0.47) 33.9 (0.60) 42.8 (0.62)

Marital status:3

Never married........................................... 16.8 (0.62) 28.5 (0.65) 37.0 (0.75)

Married ............................................... 15.2 (0.31) 23.7 (0.41) 32.0 (0.44)

Cohabiting ............................................. 15.4 (1.09) 23.5 (1.19) 30.9 (1.37)

Divorced or separated...................................... 16.2 (0.63) 25.8 (0.73) 34.0 (0.78)

Widowed .............................................. *19.3 (5.83) 22.0 (4.92) 33.7 (5.47)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................................. 18.0 (0.62) 28.0 (0.77) 37.6 (0.84)

Midwest .............................................. 16.0 (0.51) 25.1 (0.58) 33.7 (0.73)

South ................................................ 14.4 (0.45) 24.1 (0.64) 31.0 (0.69)

West ................................................ 17.0 (0.49) 28.2 (0.62) 36.9 (0.63)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ......................................... 14.8 (0.40) 25.9 (0.55) 33.8 (0.62)

MSA, not central city ...................................... 16.6 (0.36) 27.4 (0.43) 35.8 (0.48)

Not MSA .............................................. 15.8 (0.67) 21.5 (0.80) 29.8 (0.92)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ............................ 14.3 (0.24) 20.5 (0.28) 29.4 (0.34)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................ 14.3 (0.24) 20.3 (0.28) 29.3 (0.34)

Age:3

18–24 years ............................................ 15.0 (0.66) 26.1 (0.75) 34.1 (0.84)

25–44 years ............................................ 14.2 (0.33) 24.4 (0.39) 32.3 (0.47)

45–64 years ............................................ 15.0 (0.36) 19.6 (0.40) 29.5 (0.47)

65–74 years ............................................ 15.7 (0.61) 12.6 (0.59) 24.4 (0.76)

75 years and over ........................................ 10.1 (0.52) 4.4 (0.34) 13.3 (0.55)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 54 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 5.4. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in regular leisure-time physical

activity, by type of activity and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Regular activity1

Selected characteristic Light-moderate Vigorous Any

Women—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ........................................ 15.2 (0.29) 22.1 (0.31) 31.3 (0.38)

Black or African American, single race............................ 9.3 (0.39) 13.8 (0.53) 20.3 (0.63)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ....................... 13.3 (2.06) 16.3 (2.41) 25.0 (2.85)

Asian, single race ........................................ 14.6 (1.09) 15.9 (1.19) 27.3 (1.36)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race .................. *22.1 (7.28) *12.2 (4.61) 29.8 (7.84)

2 or more races ......................................... 15.4 (1.68) 22.8 (1.98) 32.3 (2.27)

Black or African American, white .............................. 13.4 (3.93) 16.8 (4.28) 26.9 (5.16)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ......................... 14.8 (2.48) 21.5 (3.41) 30.8 (3.73)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ........................................ 11.5 (0.45) 13.3 (0.53) 21.2 (0.63)

Mexican or Mexican-American ............................... 12.0 (0.50) 13.0 (0.63) 21.3 (0.75)

Not Hispanic or Latino...................................... 14.8 (0.26) 21.6 (0.30) 30.6 (0.36)

White, single race ....................................... 15.8 (0.31) 23.3 (0.33) 32.7 (0.41)

Black or African American, single race .......................... 9.3 (0.40) 13.8 (0.55) 20.3 (0.64)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................................ 10.5 (0.43) 9.1 (0.43) 16.8 (0.53)

GED diploma4

........................................... 13.5 (1.14) 13.5 (1.12) 23.0 (1.38)

High school graduate ...................................... 13.5 (0.45) 15.8 (0.45) 24.8 (0.59)

Some college—no degree ................................... 15.2 (0.43) 22.0 (0.53) 31.3 (0.60)

Associate of arts degree .................................... 15.6 (0.66) 24.0 (0.73) 33.6 (0.81)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ............................... 17.6 (0.60) 30.1 (0.61) 40.1 (0.68)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............................. 17.9 (0.83) 33.2 (0.97) 42.8 (1.07)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ....................................... 11.3 (0.56) 11.9 (0.63) 19.6 (0.71)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ................................. 12.7 (0.48) 13.6 (0.49) 22.6 (0.61)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ................................. 14.9 (0.42) 19.8 (0.47) 29.4 (0.55)

4 times poverty level or more ................................. 17.4 (0.45) 28.9 (0.48) 38.7 (0.56)

Marital status:3

Never married........................................... 13.4 (0.47) 20.6 (0.57) 28.9 (0.68)

Married ............................................... 15.1 (0.31) 21.1 (0.34) 30.5 (0.41)

Cohabiting ............................................. 16.7 (1.18) 19.5 (1.16) 30.4 (1.49)

Divorced or separated...................................... 13.4 (0.47) 17.8 (0.53) 26.4 (0.61)

Widowed .............................................. 10.2 (1.24) 14.7 (1.53) 21.9 (1.70)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................................. 15.2 (0.63) 22.2 (0.63) 31.6 (0.83)

Midwest .............................................. 14.7 (0.46) 22.0 (0.51) 30.8 (0.63)

South ................................................ 12.7 (0.42) 18.0 (0.49) 26.1 (0.60)

West ................................................ 16.1 (0.47) 21.7 (0.54) 32.0 (0.60)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ......................................... 12.9 (0.38) 19.6 (0.48) 27.6 (0.57)

MSA, not central city ...................................... 15.0 (0.35) 22.1 (0.37) 31.4 (0.44)

Not MSA .............................................. 14.9 (0.61) 17.5 (0.64) 26.9 (0.85)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Regular leisure-time physical activity: ‘‘light-moderate’’ is defined as engaging in light-moderate activity at least five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time, ‘‘vigorous’’ is defined as engaging

in vigorous activity at leat three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time, and ‘‘any’’ is defined as meeting either criterion or both criteria.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude

percentages, refer to Table XV. Denominator for each percent excludes persons with unknown leisure-time physical activity status. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 55

Table 5.5. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in any leisure-time

strengthening activities, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Engaged in any strengthening activities1

Selected characteristic Both sexes Men Women

Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ............................

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................

24.6 (0.26)

24.6 (0.27)

28.1 (0.33)

28.3 (0.34)

21.4 (0.31)

21.2 (0.31)

Age3

18–24 years .............................................

25–44 years .............................................

45–64 years .............................................

65–74 years .............................................

75 years and over .........................................

36.2 (0.76)

28.5 (0.36)

21.0 (0.33)

15.0 (0.45)

10.9 (0.44)

44.9 (1.04)

32.5 (0.47)

21.7 (0.45)

16.8 (0.71)

13.6 (0.79)

27.4 (0.86)

24.6 (0.45)

20.2 (0.40)

13.4 (0.56)

9.2 (0.47)

Race

White, single race..........................................

Black or African American, single race .............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........................

Asian, single race ..........................................

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ....................

2 or more races ...........................................

Black or African American, white ...............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ..........................

Hispanic or Latino origin and race................................

Hispanic or Latino..........................................

Mexican or Mexican-American.................................

Not Hispanic or Latino .......................................

White, single race ........................................

Black or African American, single race............................

25.2 (0.30)

22.0 (0.54)

19.4 (1.77)

23.4 (0.97)

28.2 (4.68)

33.3 (1.70)

30.7 (3.92)

27.7 (2.51)

16.2 (0.43)

15.4 (0.54)

25.9 (0.29)

26.6 (0.32)

21.9 (0.53)

27.7 (0.36)

30.4 (0.86)

21.9 (2.57)

27.8 (1.43)

37.0 (6.17)

38.5 (2.48)

34.1 (5.62)

31.8 (3.74)

20.3 (0.63)

19.3 (0.82)

29.3 (0.36)

29.0 (0.39)

30.3 (0.86)

22.8 (0.36)

15.2 (0.53)

17.5 (2.76)

18.9 (1.17)

*15.0 (5.03)

29.0 (2.23)

27.2 (5.58)

24.6 (3.11)

11.9 (0.47)

11.3 (0.57)

22.8 (0.34)

24.2 (0.39)

15.1 (0.54)

Education

Less than high school graduate .................................

GED diploma4 ............................................

High school graduate........................................

Some college—no degree.....................................

Associate of arts degree......................................

Bachelor of arts, science degree.................................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ...............................

11.8 (0.38)

15.5 (0.91)

19.1 (0.38)

28.1 (0.45)

27.4 (0.61)

34.9 (0.53)

39.2 (0.67)

14.9 (0.57)

18.9 (1.52)

22.6 (0.55)

32.5 (0.66)

30.2 (1.02)

37.8 (0.69)

41.7 (0.94)

8.4 (0.41)

11.9 (1.02)

15.6 (0.45)

24.2 (0.56)

25.4 (0.77)

32.3 (0.68)

36.4 (1.01)

Poverty status5

Below poverty level .........................................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................................

4 times poverty level or more...................................

15.7 (0.62)

17.0 (0.42)

23.9 (0.38)

34.6 (0.42)

21.0 (0.93)

20.3 (0.69)

26.5 (0.52)

37.1 (0.59)

12.0 (0.61)

14.1 (0.46)

21.3 (0.49)

31.9 (0.56)

Marital status

Never married ............................................

Married ................................................

Cohabiting ..............................................

Divorced or separated .......................................

Widowed ...............................................

27.9 (0.48)

23.1 (0.30)

23.7 (0.91)

23.3 (0.49)

16.3 (1.47)

32.7 (0.66)

24.8 (0.40)

26.1 (1.08)

29.3 (0.79)

18.8 (3.57)

22.4 (0.60)

21.5 (0.38)

21.4 (1.28)

19.3 (0.55)

15.6 (1.61)

Geographic region

Northeast ...............................................

Midwest ................................................

South .................................................

West ..................................................

26.5 (0.54)

28.0 (0.51)

20.6 (0.46)

26.1 (0.56)

29.9 (0.55)

30.2 (0.68)

24.7 (0.59)

29.9 (0.67)

23.6 (0.78)

26.0 (0.61)

16.7 (0.47)

22.4 (0.65)

Place of residence6

MSA, central city ..........................................

MSA, not central city ........................................

Not MSA ...............................................

24.9 (0.47)

26.5 (0.33)

19.4 (0.57)

29.0 (0.59)

29.8 (0.41)

22.0 (0.75)

21.0 (0.52)

23.4 (0.41)

17.0 (0.65)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Strengthening activities: Leisure-time physical activities specifically designed to strengthen muscles such as weight lifting or calisthenics. No minimum duration was imposed when asking frequency

and no duration question was asked.
Page 56 [ Series 10, No. 230

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude

percentages, refer to Table XVI. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown leisure-time strengthening activity status. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 57

Chapter 6

Body Weight Status

All Adults

+ Overall, nearly 6 in 10 adults

(58.7%) were overweight

(Table 6.1).

+ About 23% of adults were obese,

about 4 in 10 adults (39.2%) were

in the healthy weight range, and

2% of adults were underweight

(Table 6.2).

Sex

+ Men (67.1%) were considerably

more likely than women (50.6%) to

be overweight, although men

(23.6%) and women (23.2%) were

about equally likely to be obese.

(Tables 6.1 and 6.2 and Figure 6.1).

+ Women (46.4%) were more likely

than men (31.8%) to be of healthy

weight, and women (3.0%) were

three times as likely as men (1.0%)

to be underweight (Table 6.2 and

Figure 6.1).

Age

+ Overweight was most prevalent

among adults aged 45–64 years

(67.1%) and 65–74 years (66.3%)

and markedly lower for adults

75 years and over (52.1%)

(Table 6.1).

+ Men aged 45–64 years (28.2%) were

about twice as likely as the youngest

men (14.3%) and the oldest men

(14.5%) to be obese (Table 6.2 and

Figure 6.2).

+ Among women, prevalence of

obesity was highest for those aged

45–64 years (28.4%) and 64–74

years (27.8%) and lowest for those

aged 18–24 years (14.3%) and 75

years and over (16.9%) (Table 6.2

and Figure 6.2).

+ The youngest adults and the oldest

adults were about twice as likely as

adults in other age groups to be

underweight (Table 6.2).

Figure 6.1. Percent distributions of body weight status of adults, by sex: United States,

2002–04

Figure 6.2. Percentage of adults who were obese, by age and sex: United States, 2002–04

Race + Among black adults, prevalence of

overweight was about the same for

+ Over one-half of white adults men and women, whereas

(58.0%) were overweight. Black prevalence of overweight was

adults (68.9%) and American Indian markedly higher for white men

or Alaska Native adults (64.0%) (67.9%) than white women (48.2%)

were about twice as likely as Asian (Table 6.1 and Figure 6.3).

adults (33.0%) to be overweight

(Table 6.1).
Page 58 [ Series 10, No. 230

+ Black adults (34.2%) were

considerably more likely than white

adults (22.4%) to be obese

(Table 6.2).

+ About one-third of American Indian

or Alaska Native adults (33.5%) and

about one-fourth of Native Hawaiian

or other Pacific Islander adults

(28.0%) were obese (Table 6.2).

+ White adults were more likely than

black adults to be in the healthy

weight range (Table 6.2).

Hispanic or Latino Origin

and Race

+ Hispanic adults (65.9%) were more

likely than non-Hispanic adults

(57.7%) to be overweight and to be

obese (Tables 6.1 and 6.2).

+ Non-Hispanic black women (39.1%)

were markedly more likely than

non-Hispanic white women (20.7%)

and Hispanic women (26.9%) to be

obese (Table 6.2).

+ About 4 in 10 non-Hispanic white

adults (40.8%) were in the healthy

weight range compared with 3 in 10

non-Hispanic black adults (29.7%)

and about one-third of Hispanic

adults (32.9%) (Table 6.2 and

Figure 6.4).

Education

+ Among adults, the prevalence of

being overweight decreased as

education increased. About 6 in 10

adults (62.0%) with less than a high

school diploma were overweight

compared with 5 in 10 adults

(51.3%) who had earned a graduate

degree (Table 6.1).

+ The prevalence of obesity was

considerably higher among adults

with the least education; about

one-fourth of adults with less than a

high school diploma (27.1%) were

obese compared with about

one-seventh of adults with a

graduate degree (15.3%) (Table 6.2).

+ Men who had earned a GED

(27.5%) were noticeably more likely

to be obese than men with a

bachelor’s degree (19.3%) and men

with a graduate degree (16.8%)

(Table 6.2 and Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.3. Percentage of adults who were overweight (including obese), by sex and race:

United States, 2002–04

Figure 6.4. Percent distributions of body weight status of adults, by Hispanic origin and

race: United States, 2002–04

+ Women who had not graduated from + Prevalence of healthy weight was

high school (29.4%) were twice as positively associated with level of

likely as women with a bachelor’s education for women. About 6 in 10

degree (15.8%) and those who held women (59.5%) with the highest

a graduate degree (13.6%) to be level of education compared with

obese (Table 6.2 and Figure 6.5). about one-third of women (37.7%)
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 59

Figure 6.5. Percentage of adults who were obese, by education and sex: United States,

2002–04

who had not graduated from high + Prevalence of obesity was strongly

school were in the healthy weight associated with relative income level

range (Table 6.2). for women, but not for men. Men

+ Among men, there was no clear with family incomes below the

pattern of healthy weight positively poverty level (22.9%) were as likely

associated with education. Men with as men with the highest family

an associate degree (27.6%) were

least likely to be of healthy weight

compared with men in the other

education groups (Table 6.2).

+ Prevalence of underweight was less

than 3% across all education groups

(Table 6.2).

Poverty Status

+ Men with family incomes four times

the poverty level or more (70.7%)

were more likely than men below

the poverty level (58.5%) to be

overweight, whereas women earning

the highest family incomes (43.1%)

were less likely than women below

the poverty level (57.4%) to be

overweight (Table 6.1).

+ About one-fourth (27.3%) of adults

below the poverty level compared

with one-fifth (20.7%) of adults with

family incomes four times the

poverty level or more were obese

incomes (23.5%) to be obese.

Women with family incomes below

the poverty level (30.3%) were

considerably more likely than the

most affluent group of women

(17.5%) to be obese (Table 6.2 and

Figure 6.6).

Marital Status

+ Married men (72.7%) were

markedly more likely than never

married men (56.0%) to be

overweight, whereas married women

(51.1%) and never married women

(50.0%) were about equally likely to

be overweight (Table 6.1).

+ Married women were less likely to

be obese than divorced or separated

women, never married women, and

widows (Table 6.2).

+ Men who had never married

(41.9%) were more likely than men

in other marital status groups to be

in the healthy weight range

(Table 6.2).

+ Cohabiting women (48.9%) were

more likely than divorced or

separated women (41.8%) and

widows (42.1%) to be in the healthy

weight range (Table 6.2).

(Table 6.2). Figure 6.6. Percentage of adults who were obese, by poverty status and sex: United States,

2002–04
Page 60 [ Series 10, No. 230

Geographic Region

+ Adults living in the Northeast

(57.0%) and the West (55.9%) were

less likely than their counterparts

living in the Midwest (60.0%) and

South (60.2%) to be overweight

(Table 6.1).

+ Adults living in the Northeast

(40.9%) and the West (41.9%) were

more likely than adults living in the

Midwest (38.0%) and South (37.8%)

to be in the healthy weight range

(Table 6.2).
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 61

Table 6.1. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were overweight, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Overweight (BMI of 25 or more)1

Selected characteristic sexes Both sexes Men Women

Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ............................

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................

58.7 (0.23)

58.9 (0.24)

67.1 (0.30)

67.3 (0.31)

50.6 (0.32)

50.9 (0.32)

Age3

18–24 years .............................................

25–44 years .............................................

45–64 years .............................................

65–74 years .............................................

75 years and over .........................................

39.9 (0.64)

58.4 (0.34)

67.1 (0.35)

66.3 (0.55)

52.1 (0.65)

44.8 (0.91)

69.1 (0.44)

75.1 (0.48)

73.4 (0.84)

57.0 (1.06)

34.9 (0.88)

47.7 (0.48)

59.1 (0.46)

60.0 (0.78)

48.8 (0.77)

Race

White, single race..........................................

Black or African American, single race .............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........................

Asian, single race ..........................................

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ....................

2 or more races ...........................................

Black or African American, white ...............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ..........................

58.0 (0.24)

68.9 (0.57)

64.0 (3.05)

33.0 (1.13)

70.6 (5.80)

59.0 (2.12)

57.8 (4.97)

61.5 (3.03)

67.9 (0.33)

68.6 (0.88)

71.4 (4.96)

39.5 (1.45)

76.9 (8.06)

65.8 (3.02)

66.0 (5.60)

68.2 (4.32)

48.2 (0.35)

69.1 (0.71)

56.3 (3.45)

26.0 (1.59)

60.2 (8.21)

52.9 (2.61)

55.5 (6.80)

56.0 (4.04)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino..........................................

Mexican or Mexican-American.................................

Not Hispanic or Latino .......................................

White, single race ........................................

Black or African American, single race............................

65.9 (0.52)

69.2 (0.61)

57.7 (0.24)

57.0 (0.25)

69.0 (0.57)

71.0 (0.66)

72.7 (0.81)

66.5 (0.33)

67.4 (0.36)

68.6 (0.89)

60.5 (0.69)

65.1 (0.86)

49.3 (0.34)

46.9 (0.36)

69.2 (0.71)

Education

Less than high school graduate .................................

GED diploma4 ............................................

High school graduate........................................

Some college—no degree.....................................

Associate of arts degree......................................

Bachelor of arts, science degree.................................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ...............................

62.0 (0.50)

63.4 (1.11)

61.2 (0.41)

58.9 (0.53)

60.9 (0.63)

53.4 (0.52)

51.3 (0.68)

64.7 (0.71)

66.4 (1.56)

68.4 (0.54)

68.4 (0.69)

71.6 (0.88)

67.6 (0.72)

62.4 (0.84)

59.2 (0.69)

60.0 (1.56)

54.3 (0.53)

50.3 (0.69)

52.2 (0.82)

39.7 (0.70)

37.6 (0.95)

Poverty status5

Below poverty level .........................................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................................

4 times poverty level or more...................................

57.9 (0.66)

61.2 (0.51)

61.0 (0.40)

57.7 (0.39)

58.5 (1.01)

64.7 (0.76)

67.8 (0.58)

70.7 (0.50)

57.4 (0.90)

58.3 (0.65)

54.1 (0.54)

43.1 (0.59)

Marital status

Never married ............................................

Married ................................................

Cohabiting ..............................................

Divorced or separated .......................................

Widowed ...............................................

53.3 (0.56)

61.9 (0.29)

57.5 (1.04)

60.6 (0.56)

58.1 (2.15)

56.0 (0.73)

72.7 (0.37)

65.8 (1.27)

67.7 (0.75)

68.9 (5.36)

50.0 (0.77)

51.1 (0.41)

48.4 (1.65)

55.6 (0.77)

54.7 (2.26)

Geographic region

Northeast ...............................................

Midwest ................................................

South .................................................

West ..................................................

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city .........................................

MSA, not central city ......................................

Not MSA ..............................................

57.0 (0.49)

60.0 (0.42)

60.2 (0.40)

55.9 (0.47)

57.2 (0.38)

58.3 (0.30)

62.0 (0.57)

67.1 (0.76)

69.2 (0.56)

67.3 (0.55)

64.5 (0.53)

63.8 (0.57)

68.0 (0.42)

69.3 (0.65)

47.6 (0.75)

51.2 (0.60)

53.4 (0.53)

47.3 (0.67)

50.9 (0.50)

48.6 (0.43)

55.0 (0.79)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated as kilograms/meters2, using self-reported height and weight. Overweight is defined as a BMI greater than or equal to 25, which includes obese.
Page 62 [ Series 10, No. 230

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude

percentages, refer to Table XVII. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown body mass index. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 63

Table 6.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of body weight status for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Body weight status1

Not overweight Overweight

Healthy Overweight

Selected characteristic Total Underweight weight (but not obese) Obese

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 2.0 (0.06) 39.2 (0.22) 35.3 (0.19) 23.4 (0.20)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 2.0 (0.06) 39.1 (0.23) 35.4 (0.19) 23.6 (0.20)

Age3

:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 4.3 (0.27) 55.8 (0.64) 25.6 (0.58) 14.3 (0.47)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 1.8 (0.09) 39.7 (0.34) 34.8 (0.30) 23.6 (0.29)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 1.1 (0.08) 31.9 (0.34) 38.8 (0.35) 28.3 (0.36)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 1.5 (0.14) 32.3 (0.55) 39.6 (0.57) 26.7 (0.52)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 3.4 (0.22) 44.5 (0.66) 36.1 (0.60) 16.0 (0.46)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 2.0 (0.07) 40.0 (0.24) 35.6 (0.21) 22.4 (0.22)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 1.3 (0.13) 29.8 (0.56) 34.7 (0.50) 34.2 (0.55)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 *2.6 (0.79) 33.4 (3.05) 30.5 (2.69) 33.5 (2.52)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 5.6 (0.53) 61.3 (1.20) 26.7 (1.02) 6.3 (0.58)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 – 29.4 (5.80) 42.7 (3.92) 28.0 (5.46)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 2.3 (0.55) 38.7 (2.03) 32.7 (1.92) 26.3 (1.73)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 † 39.6 (4.84) 25.7 (4.96) 32.2 (4.74)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 *2.1 (0.72) 36.4 (3.06) 34.2 (2.89) 27.3 (2.48)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 1.2 (0.11) 32.9 (0.53) 40.0 (0.48) 26.0 (0.47)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 1.0 (0.12) 29.8 (0.62) 40.8 (0.58) 28.4 (0.66)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 2.2 (0.07) 40.1 (0.24) 34.6 (0.21) 23.1 (0.21)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 2.1 (0.07) 40.8 (0.25) 35.0 (0.23) 22.0 (0.23)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 1.3 (0.13) 29.7 (0.56) 34.7 (0.51) 34.3 (0.54)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 2.3 (0.16) 35.6 (0.50) 35.0 (0.42) 27.1 (0.45)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 2.5 (0.35) 34.1 (1.12) 34.5 (1.14) 29.0 (1.00)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 2.0 (0.12) 36.9 (0.39) 35.7 (0.38) 25.4 (0.36)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 2.2 (0.14) 38.9 (0.51) 34.5 (0.44) 24.5 (0.40)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 1.8 (0.16) 37.3 (0.63) 35.7 (0.63) 25.1 (0.58)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 1.9 (0.13) 44.7 (0.52) 35.9 (0.50) 17.5 (0.39)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 1.5 (0.16) 47.1 (0.68) 36.1 (0.61) 15.3 (0.52)

Poverty status5

:

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 2.9 (0.23) 39.1 (0.67) 30.6 (0.57) 27.3 (0.56)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 2.3 (0.17) 36.5 (0.51) 33.5 (0.49) 27.7 (0.48)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 1.9 (0.12) 37.1 (0.40) 35.5 (0.36) 25.6 (0.36)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 1.8 (0.11) 40.6 (0.38) 37.0 (0.36) 20.7 (0.34)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 2.9 (0.19) 43.8 (0.54) 30.5 (0.52) 22.8 (0.49)

Married ................................... 100.0 1.5 (0.07) 36.5 (0.28) 37.9 (0.25) 24.0 (0.26)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 1.7 (0.21) 40.8 (1.03) 34.5 (1.09) 23.0 (0.94)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 1.9 (0.13) 37.5 (0.55) 34.7 (0.51) 25.9 (0.49)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 2.6 (0.62) 39.4 (2.19) 31.2 (1.98) 26.9 (1.76)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 2.1 (0.17) 40.9 (0.50) 35.5 (0.42) 21.5 (0.43)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 2.0 (0.11) 38.0 (0.42) 35.4 (0.38) 24.6 (0.35)

South .................................... 100.0 2.0 (0.10) 37.8 (0.38) 35.1 (0.34) 25.1 (0.36)

West .................................... 100.0 2.2 (0.14) 41.9 (0.46) 35.1 (0.36) 20.8 (0.37)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 2.1 (0.11) 40.7 (0.38) 33.8 (0.33) 23.4 (0.32)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 2.1 (0.08) 39.6 (0.30) 36.1 (0.26) 22.2 (0.24)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 1.8 (0.14) 36.2 (0.53) 35.3 (0.46) 26.7 (0.52)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 1.0 (0.07) 31.8 (0.30) 43.6 (0.29) 23.6 (0.28)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 1.0 (0.07) 31.6 (0.31) 43.6 (0.29) 23.8 (0.28)

Age3

:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 2.8 (0.35) 52.4 (0.90) 30.4 (0.84) 14.3 (0.68)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 0.6 (0.09) 30.3 (0.45) 44.6 (0.44) 24.5 (0.41)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 0.5 (0.08) 24.3 (0.47) 46.9 (0.54) 28.2 (0.53)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 1.2 (0.20) 25.4 (0.83) 48.1 (0.90) 25.4 (0.82)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 1.7 (0.29) 41.3 (1.07) 42.5 (1.03) 14.5 (0.73)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 64 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 6.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of body weight status for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Body weight status1

Not overweight Overweight

Healthy Overweight

Selected characteristic Total Underweight weight (but not obese) Obese

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 0.9 (0.08) 31.1 (0.34) 44.4 (0.33) 23.5 (0.30)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 1.1 (0.21) 30.3 (0.88) 40.3 (0.92) 28.2 (0.81)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 *2.1 (1.01) 26.5 (4.84) 38.2 (3.60) 33.2 (4.29)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 3.1 (0.70) 57.4 (1.51) 32.6 (1.43) 6.9 (0.82)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 – *23.1 (8.06) 43.6 (4.62) 33.3 (7.99)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 † 33.3 (3.01) 43.6 (3.25) 22.2 (2.39)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 – 34.0 (5.60) 34.8 (8.46) 31.3 (6.73)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 † 30.7 (4.26) 47.5 (4.50) 20.7 (3.00)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 0.7 (0.13) 28.3 (0.68) 46.1 (0.71) 24.9 (0.67)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 0.6 (0.15) 26.7 (0.83) 46.2 (0.94) 26.5 (0.95)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 1.1 (0.08) 32.4 (0.32) 43.1 (0.31) 23.4 (0.31)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 1.0 (0.09) 31.6 (0.36) 44.0 (0.36) 23.4 (0.33)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 1.1 (0.21) 30.3 (0.88) 40.5 (0.93) 28.1 (0.79)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 1.7 (0.23) 33.6 (0.70) 40.0 (0.66) 24.7 (0.62)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 1.6 (0.48) 31.9 (1.54) 38.9 (1.64) 27.5 (1.51)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 1.2 (0.16) 30.4 (0.53) 42.7 (0.59) 25.7 (0.53)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 1.0 (0.16) 30.7 (0.68) 43.2 (0.67) 25.2 (0.60)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 0.8 (0.20) 27.6 (0.86) 45.6 (1.08) 26.0 (0.89)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 0.4 (0.08) 32.0 (0.72) 48.3 (0.76) 19.3 (0.60)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 *0.4 (0.11) 37.2 (0.83) 45.6 (0.85) 16.8 (0.75)

Poverty status5

:

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 2.4 (0.41) 39.1 (1.02) 35.7 (0.95) 22.9 (0.85)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 1.4 (0.23) 33.9 (0.75) 39.9 (0.80) 24.8 (0.70)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 0.9 (0.12) 31.2 (0.58) 42.6 (0.58) 25.3 (0.55)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 0.6 (0.10) 28.6 (0.49) 47.2 (0.51) 23.5 (0.49)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 2.1 (0.26) 41.9 (0.72) 36.0 (0.73) 20.0 (0.71)

Married ................................... 100.0 0.6 (0.06) 26.8 (0.37) 46.9 (0.38) 25.8 (0.37)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 0.7 (0.20) 33.5 (1.27) 43.2 (1.51) 22.6 (1.20)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 0.9 (0.16) 31.4 (0.74) 43.2 (0.83) 24.5 (0.77)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 *0.5 (0.18) 30.6 (5.36) 44.6 (5.13) 24.3 (4.18)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 1.1 (0.23) 31.8 (0.77) 44.0 (0.66) 23.1 (0.66)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 0.9 (0.15) 29.9 (0.56) 44.6 (0.64) 24.6 (0.55)

South .................................... 100.0 1.0 (0.11) 31.7 (0.54) 42.7 (0.50) 24.5 (0.48)

West .................................... 100.0 1.2 (0.14) 34.3 (0.57) 43.4 (0.51) 21.1 (0.54)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 1.1 (0.13) 35.0 (0.57) 41.7 (0.51) 22.2 (0.44)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 1.0 (0.10) 31.0 (0.42) 44.8 (0.42) 23.2 (0.37)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 1.0 (0.17) 29.7 (0.63) 42.9 (0.64) 26.4 (0.68)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 3.0 (0.10) 46.4 (0.31) 27.3 (0.25) 23.2 (0.25)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 3.0 (0.09) 46.2 (0.32) 27.5 (0.25) 23.4 (0.26)

Age3

:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 5.9 (0.41) 59.2 (0.88) 20.6 (0.71) 14.3 (0.60)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 3.1 (0.15) 49.2 (0.47) 25.0 (0.41) 22.8 (0.40)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 1.6 (0.12) 39.3 (0.45) 30.7 (0.40) 28.4 (0.48)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 1.8 (0.20) 38.2 (0.78) 32.2 (0.75) 27.8 (0.68)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 4.6 (0.31) 46.6 (0.78) 31.9 (0.73) 16.9 (0.60)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 65

Table 6.2. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of body weight status for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Body weight status1

Not overweight Overweight

Healthy Overweight

Selected characteristic Total Underweight weight (but not obese) Obese

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 3.1 (0.11) 48.7 (0.34) 26.9 (0.29) 21.3 (0.27)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 1.5 (0.16) 29.5 (0.72) 30.1 (0.54) 39.0 (0.78)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 *3.0 (1.19) 40.7 (3.49) 23.3 (3.28) 33.0 (3.46)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 8.3 (0.81) 65.8 (1.69) 20.3 (1.41) 5.7 (0.75)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 – 39.8 (8.21) 40.8 (8.06) *19.5 (6.83)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 3.6 (0.84) 43.5 (2.52) 23.2 (2.00) 29.7 (2.23)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 † 40.1 (6.59) 20.2 (5.74) 35.3 (6.53)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 *3.0 (1.12) 41.0 (4.08) 23.3 (3.02) 32.7 (3.39)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 1.6 (0.17) 37.9 (0.69) 33.6 (0.64) 26.9 (0.60)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 1.4 (0.18) 33.5 (0.87) 34.9 (0.82) 30.2 (0.83)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 3.2 (0.11) 47.5 (0.34) 26.5 (0.27) 22.8 (0.28)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 3.3 (0.12) 49.8 (0.36) 26.2 (0.31) 20.7 (0.29)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 1.5 (0.16) 29.3 (0.71) 30.0 (0.55) 39.1 (0.77)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 3.0 (0.23) 37.7 (0.67) 29.8 (0.60) 29.4 (0.67)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 3.4 (0.55) 36.6 (1.61) 29.5 (1.52) 30.5 (1.32)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 2.6 (0.19) 43.0 (0.52) 29.1 (0.47) 25.2 (0.46)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 3.2 (0.22) 46.4 (0.69) 26.5 (0.57) 23.8 (0.53)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 2.6 (0.26) 45.2 (0.83) 27.9 (0.76) 24.4 (0.79)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 3.3 (0.25) 57.0 (0.71) 23.9 (0.61) 15.8 (0.48)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 2.9 (0.32) 59.5 (0.99) 24.0 (0.79) 13.6 (0.65)

Poverty status5

:

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 3.3 (0.28) 39.3 (0.89) 27.1 (0.71) 30.3 (0.73)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 3.0 (0.24) 38.7 (0.66) 28.1 (0.59) 30.2 (0.62)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 2.8 (0.20) 43.1 (0.55) 28.3 (0.47) 25.8 (0.44)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 3.0 (0.20) 53.9 (0.57) 25.6 (0.51) 17.5 (0.42)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 3.7 (0.27) 46.2 (0.77) 24.0 (0.64) 26.1 (0.64)

Married ................................... 100.0 2.5 (0.13) 46.4 (0.41) 28.7 (0.34) 22.4 (0.32)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 2.7 (0.36) 48.9 (1.63) 25.0 (1.39) 23.5 (1.44)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 2.6 (0.21) 41.8 (0.77) 28.8 (0.60) 26.9 (0.64)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 3.2 (0.82) 42.1 (2.28) 27.4 (2.03) 27.4 (1.92)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 3.0 (0.23) 49.4 (0.76) 27.7 (0.60) 19.9 (0.54)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 2.9 (0.18) 45.9 (0.60) 26.6 (0.47) 24.6 (0.49)

South .................................... 100.0 2.9 (0.15) 43.7 (0.51) 27.8 (0.42) 25.6 (0.47)

West .................................... 100.0 3.3 (0.23) 49.4 (0.64) 26.9 (0.53) 20.4 (0.41)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 3.1 (0.17) 46.0 (0.51) 26.5 (0.40) 24.5 (0.42)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 3.1 (0.14) 48.2 (0.42) 27.5 (0.35) 21.2 (0.32)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 2.6 (0.19) 42.5 (0.75) 28.1 (0.54) 26.9 (0.72)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Body weight status was based on Body Mass Index (BMI) using self-reported height and weight. The formula for BMI is kilograms/meters2. Underweight is defined as a BMI of less than 18.5; healthy

weight is defined as a BMI of greater than 18.5 and less than 25; overweight, but not obese, is defined as a BMI of greater than 25 and less than 30; and obese is defined as a BMI of greater than or

equal to 30.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Table XVIII. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown body mass index. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 66 [ Series 10, No. 230

Chapter 7

Sleep

All Adults

+ Overall, about 6 in 10 adults

(62.8%) usually slept 7 to 8 hours in

a 24-hour period (Table 7.1).

+ Almost 3 in 10 adults (28.5%)

averaged 6 hours of sleep or less in

a 24-hour period—20.7% of adults

slept 6 hours and 7.8% slept less

than 6 hours (Figure 7.1).

+ About 1 in 10 adults (8.7%) slept

an average of 9 hours or more

(Table 7.1).

Sex

+ Although some minor variations

were found in some of the

population subgroups, men and

women were remarkably similar in

terms of their usual hours of sleep

(Table 7.1).

+ About 6 in 10 men and women

(63%) slept 7 to 8 hours during a

24-hour period (Table 7.1).

Age

+ Adults aged 75 years and over were

the least likely to sleep 7 to 8 hours

(57.0%) and the most likely to sleep

9 hours or more (19.3%) (Table 7.1).

+ Adults aged 45–64 years (31.8%)

were more likely to sleep 6 hours or

less than adults in other age groups

(Table 7.1).

Race

+ Black adults (34.5%) were more

likely than white adults (27.6%) to

sleep 6 hours or less in a 24-hour

period (Table 7.1).

+ Black adults (10.9%) were more

likely than white adults (8.3%) and

almost twice as likely as Asian

adults (5.6%) to sleep 9 hours or

more (Table 7.1).

Figure 7.1. Percent distributions of hours of sleep in a 24-hour period, by sex: United

States, 2004

Hispanic or Latino Origin

and Race

+ Hispanic adults (64.5%) and

non-Hispanic white adults (63.7%)

were more likely than non-Hispanic

black adults (54.4%) to sleep 7 to 8

hours a night (Table 7.1).

+ Hispanic adults (26.0%) and

non-Hispanic white adults (28.1%)

were less likely than non-Hispanic

black adults (34.6%) to sleep 6

hours or less a night (Table 7.1).

Education

+ About 7 in 10 adults who had a

bachelor’s degree (68.8%) or an

advanced degree (70.7%) averaged 7

to 8 hours of sleep compared with

about one-half of adults who had a

GED (53.5%) and 6 in 10 other

adults who were not college

graduates (Table 7.1).

+ Adults who had not graduated from

high school (12.2%) were more than

twice as likely as adults who had

advanced degrees (4.9%) to sleep 9

hours or more (Table 7.1).

Poverty Status

+ Adults with incomes four times the

poverty level or more (66.5%) were

more likely than adults below the

poverty level (55.1%) to sleep 7 to 8

hours in a night (Table 7.1)

+ Adults with family incomes below

the poverty threshold (13.5%) and

those with family incomes at or just

above the poverty threshold (11.0%)

were the most likely to sleep 9

hours or more (Table 7.1).

Marital Status

+ Divorced or separated adults

(36.1%) were more likely than

married adults (27.5%), never

married adults (27.5%), and

cohabiting adults (29.2%) to sleep 6

hours or less (Table 7.1 and

Figure 7.2).

+ Never married adults (11.0%) were

more likely than married adults

(7.3%) to sleep 9 hours or more

(Table 7.1).
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 67

Geographic Region

+ Adults living in the West (66.2%)

were the most likely to sleep 7 to 8

hours compared with adults in the

Midwest (62.2%), South (62.0%),

and Northeast (61.3%) (Table 7.1).

+ Adults living in the South (9.3%)

were more likely to sleep 9 hours or

more in a night than adults living in

the Northeast (7.7%) (Table 7.1).

Figure 7.2. Percentage of adults who slept 6 hours or less in a 24-hour period, by marital

status: United States, 2004
Page 68 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 7.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual hours of sleep for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2004

Hours of sleep1

Selected characteristic Total 6 or less 7–8 9 or more

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ....................... 100.0 28.5 (0.32) 62.8 (0.35) 8.7 (0.20)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2

............................ 100.0 28.6 (0.33) 62.8 (0.35) 8.6 (0.21)

Age:3

18–24 years ....................................... 100.0 23.5 (0.96) 63.4 (1.05) 13.2 (0.69)

25–44 years ....................................... 100.0 29.7 (0.49) 64.4 (0.52) 5.9 (0.27)

45–64 years ....................................... 100.0 31.8 (0.59) 61.8 (0.61) 6.4 (0.32)

65–74 years ....................................... 100.0 24.2 (0.87) 63.4 (0.98) 12.4 (0.72)

75 years and over ................................... 100.0 23.8 (0.93) 57.0 (1.11) 19.3 (0.92)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 100.0 27.6 (0.36) 64.1 (0.39) 8.3 (0.23)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 100.0 34.5 (0.98) 54.6 (0.99) 10.9 (0.66)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 100.0 34.2 (4.17) 53.9 (4.78) 11.9 (2.91)

Asian, single race.................................... 100.0 30.6 (1.74) 63.8 (1.97) 5.6 (1.02)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 100.0 31.1 (7.80) 57.3 (10.36) †

2 or more races ..................................... 100.0 34.6 (2.88) 54.8 (2.86) 10.6 (1.84)

Black or African American, white ......................... 100.0 33.9 (6.77) 64.1 (6.75) †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 100.0 35.2 (5.10) 56.6 (5.03) 8.2 (2.43)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 100.0 26.0 (0.83) 64.5 (0.91) 9.5 (0.52)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 100.0 25.1 (1.10) 64.3 (1.19) 10.7 (0.69)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 100.0 29.0 (0.35) 62.4 (0.38) 8.5 (0.22)

White, single race .................................. 100.0 28.1 (0.39) 63.7 (0.41) 8.2 (0.24)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 100.0 34.6 (0.99) 54.4 (1.00) 11.0 (0.67)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 100.0 29.1 (0.77) 58.7 (0.83) 12.2 (0.49)

GED diploma4 ...................................... 100.0 34.1 (2.17) 53.5 (2.18) 12.4 (1.37)

High school graduate ................................. 100.0 27.8 (0.55) 62.4 (0.65) 9.8 (0.41)

Some college—no degree .............................. 100.0 30.6 (0.79) 61.1 (0.78) 8.3 (0.45)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 100.0 30.8 (1.00) 61.5 (1.08) 7.7 (0.63)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 100.0 25.8 (0.74) 68.8 (0.76) 5.5 (0.40)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 100.0 24.4 (1.02) 70.7 (1.10) 4.9 (0.51)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level................................... 100.0 31.4 (0.96) 55.1 (1.10) 13.5 (0.74)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 32.0 (0.79) 57.0 (0.85) 11.0 (0.55)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 29.7 (0.69) 61.9 (0.72) 8.4 (0.37)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 100.0 26.9 (0.57) 66.5 (0.63) 6.7 (0.39)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 100.0 27.5 (0.83) 61.5 (0.94) 11.0 (0.61)

Married .......................................... 100.0 27.5 (0.40) 65.2 (0.44) 7.3 (0.25)

Cohabiting ........................................ 100.0 29.2 (1.59) 60.4 (1.76) 10.3 (0.99)

Divorced or separated ................................. 100.0 36.1 (0.93) 55.6 (0.93) 8.3 (0.54)

Widowed ......................................... 100.0 33.2 (4.05) 55.3 (4.14) 11.5 (2.10)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 100.0 31.0 (0.82) 61.3 (0.84) 7.7 (0.51)

Midwest.......................................... 100.0 29.5 (0.70) 62.2 (0.69) 8.3 (0.38)

South ........................................... 100.0 28.7 (0.52) 62.0 (0.58) 9.3 (0.33)

West............................................ 100.0 24.9 (0.66) 66.2 (0.77) 8.9 (0.49)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city .................................... 100.0 28.9 (0.59) 61.8 (0.62) 9.3 (0.36)

MSA, not central city.................................. 100.0 28.5 (0.48) 63.8 (0.50) 7.8 (0.28)

Not MSA ......................................... 100.0 28.3 (0.64) 61.7 (0.79) 10.0 (0.50)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ....................... 100.0 28.6 (0.43) 63.2 (0.48) 8.1 (0.30)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2

............................ 100.0 29.0 (0.44) 63.2 (0.48) 7.8 (0.30)

Age:3

18–24 years ....................................... 100.0 22.8 (1.35) 65.6 (1.57) 11.5 (1.02)

25–44 years ....................................... 100.0 31.1 (0.71) 64.2 (0.77) 4.7 (0.35)

45–64 years ....................................... 100.0 32.3 (0.88) 61.4 (0.88) 6.3 (0.49)

65–74 years ....................................... 100.0 21.4 (1.26) 65.6 (1.49) 13.1 (1.01)

75 years and over ................................... 100.0 21.4 (1.57) 57.6 (1.78) 21.0 (1.56)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 69

Table 7.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual hours of sleep for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2004—Con.

Hours of sleep1

Selected characteristic Total 6 or less 7–8 9 or more

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 100.0 28.0 (0.48) 64.4 (0.52) 7.7 (0.33)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 100.0 33.5 (1.44) 55.3 (1.64) 11.3 (0.93)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 100.0 32.8 (6.64) 57.3 (6.98) *9.9 (3.75)

Asian, single race.................................... 100.0 32.0 (2.47) 62.8 (2.73) 5.2 (1.28)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 100.0 38.9 (9.77) 40.5 (9.33) *20.6 (6.92)

2 or more races ..................................... 100.0 34.1 (3.75) 55.2 (4.59) 10.7 (3.13)

Black or African American, white ......................... 100.0 51.4 (6.35) 48.6 (6.35) –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 100.0 32.9 (6.93) 58.5 (7.14) *8.6 (3.40)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 100.0 24.9 (1.22) 67.0 (1.34) 8.0 (0.70)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 100.0 23.6 (1.71) 68.0 (1.77) 8.4 (0.86)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 100.0 29.5 (0.48) 62.5 (0.53) 8.0 (0.32)

White, single race .................................. 100.0 28.7 (0.53) 63.7 (0.57) 7.6 (0.35)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 100.0 33.5 (1.44) 55.2 (1.64) 11.3 (0.95)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 100.0 28.9 (1.18) 58.9 (1.25) 12.2 (0.77)

GED diploma4 ...................................... 100.0 35.5 (3.07) 54.7 (3.13) 9.8 (1.80)

High school graduate ................................. 100.0 27.6 (0.88) 62.8 (1.00) 9.6 (0.66)

Some college—no degree .............................. 100.0 30.3 (1.05) 62.4 (1.09) 7.3 (0.65)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 100.0 31.9 (1.63) 61.4 (1.70) 6.6 (0.94)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 100.0 27.0 (1.02) 68.0 (1.09) 5.0 (0.57)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 100.0 25.3 (1.34) 71.0 (1.46) 3.8 (0.61)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level................................... 100.0 29.7 (1.65) 57.3 (1.99) 13.0 (1.28)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 30.4 (1.25) 58.3 (1.39) 11.3 (0.91)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 30.3 (0.98) 61.1 (1.01) 8.6 (0.58)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 100.0 28.6 (0.82) 65.8 (0.85) 5.5 (0.52)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 100.0 26.2 (1.12) 62.7 (1.29) 11.0 (0.95)

Married .......................................... 100.0 28.5 (0.56) 65.0 (0.58) 6.5 (0.34)

Cohabiting ........................................ 100.0 30.1 (1.97) 60.5 (2.21) 9.4 (1.38)

Divorced or separated ................................. 100.0 37.0 (1.41) 54.7 (1.46) 8.3 (0.87)

Widowed ......................................... 100.0 48.2 (10.31) 47.2 (10.30) 4.6 (0.76)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 100.0 31.7 (0.91) 61.4 (0.95) 6.9 (0.68)

Midwest.......................................... 100.0 29.1 (0.98) 62.9 (0.94) 8.0 (0.60)

South ........................................... 100.0 29.1 (0.67) 62.3 (0.88) 8.7 (0.51)

West............................................ 100.0 24.9 (0.96) 66.8 (0.96) 8.3 (0.68)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city .................................... 100.0 28.8 (0.84) 62.3 (0.91) 8.8 (0.54)

MSA, not central city.................................. 100.0 29.1 (0.62) 63.7 (0.71) 7.2 (0.40)

Not MSA ......................................... 100.0 27.6 (1.03) 63.0 (1.18) 9.4 (0.77)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ....................... 100.0 28.3 (0.43) 62.5 (0.44) 9.3 (0.26)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2

............................ 100.0 28.3 (0.43) 62.4 (0.44) 9.2 (0.26)

Age:3

18–24 years ....................................... 100.0 24.1 (1.29) 61.1 (1.37) 14.8 (0.92)

25–44 years ....................................... 100.0 28.4 (0.63) 64.6 (0.67) 7.0 (0.38)

45–64 years ....................................... 100.0 31.3 (0.78) 62.2 (0.79) 6.5 (0.38)

65–74 years ....................................... 100.0 26.6 (1.27) 61.5 (1.32) 11.9 (0.99)

75 years and over ................................... 100.0 25.3 (1.11) 56.6 (1.36) 18.1 (1.04)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 100.0 27.1 (0.47) 63.9 (0.50) 9.0 (0.30)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 100.0 35.2 (1.28) 54.2 (1.20) 10.7 (0.87)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 100.0 34.7 (5.33) 52.0 (6.04) *13.3 (4.07)

Asian, single race.................................... 100.0 29.3 (2.40) 64.7 (2.57) 6.1 (1.35)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 100.0 *21.8 (9.03) 75.3 (8.55) †

2 or more races ..................................... 100.0 34.0 (4.24) 55.2 (3.94) 10.8 (2.79)

Black or African American, white ......................... 100.0 26.8 (6.66) 69.9 (6.64) †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 100.0 37.4 (6.25) 54.5 (6.00) *8.1 (3.01)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 70 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 7.1. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual hours of sleep for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2004—Con.

Hours of sleep1

Selected characteristic Total 6 or less 7–8 9 or more

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 100.0 26.9 (1.03) 62.2 (1.08) 10.9 (0.68)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 100.0 26.5 (1.33) 60.5 (1.45) 13.1 (0.94)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 100.0 28.6 (0.47) 62.4 (0.47) 9.0 (0.28)

White, single race .................................. 100.0 27.4 (0.50) 63.8 (0.52) 8.8 (0.32)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 100.0 35.3 (1.29) 54.0 (1.22) 10.7 (0.89)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 100.0 29.1 (0.98) 58.4 (1.03) 12.5 (0.68)

GED diploma4 ...................................... 100.0 32.9 (2.85) 51.9 (3.12) 15.2 (2.16)

High school graduate ................................. 100.0 27.9 (0.76) 61.9 (0.83) 10.2 (0.55)

Some college—no degree .............................. 100.0 30.7 (1.01) 60.1 (1.04) 9.2 (0.60)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 100.0 29.7 (1.23) 61.7 (1.39) 8.6 (0.89)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 100.0 24.7 (0.96) 69.5 (1.00) 5.8 (0.53)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 100.0 23.5 (1.43) 70.2 (1.52) 6.3 (0.80)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level................................... 100.0 32.5 (1.12) 53.5 (1.21) 14.0 (0.89)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 33.3 (1.05) 55.7 (1.08) 11.0 (0.70)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 28.9 (0.85) 62.8 (0.92) 8.3 (0.51)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 100.0 25.0 (0.84) 67.1 (0.86) 7.9 (0.57)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 100.0 28.5 (1.11) 60.6 (1.24) 10.9 (0.79)

Married .......................................... 100.0 26.6 (0.57) 65.4 (0.64) 8.0 (0.37)

Cohabiting ........................................ 100.0 28.7 (2.54) 60.2 (2.65) 11.1 (1.52)

Divorced or separated ................................. 100.0 35.5 (1.13) 56.2 (1.14) 8.3 (0.70)

Widowed ......................................... 100.0 27.8 (3.38) 58.2 (3.96) 13.9 (2.64)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 100.0 30.4 (1.13) 61.2 (1.15) 8.4 (0.64)

Midwest.......................................... 100.0 29.8 (1.02) 61.5 (0.93) 8.7 (0.48)

South ........................................... 100.0 28.0 (0.65) 61.9 (0.69) 10.0 (0.46)

West............................................ 100.0 24.9 (0.76) 65.6 (0.93) 9.4 (0.55)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city .................................... 100.0 28.9 (0.81) 61.2 (0.83) 9.9 (0.46)

MSA, not central city.................................. 100.0 27.8 (0.61) 63.9 (0.61) 8.3 (0.35)

Not MSA ......................................... 100.0 28.8 (0.85) 60.6 (1.01) 10.6 (0.68)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Based on the question, ‘‘How many hours of sleep do you usually get in a 24 hour period?’’ Response options were 1–24 hours.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3 Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude percent

distributions, refer to Table XIX. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown number of hours of sleep.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2004. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Chapter 8

Summary and

Conclusions

Summary

This chapter briefly summarizes the

major findings from earlier chapters and

highlights the most consistent subgroup

variations across the health behaviors.

Table 8.1 shows a comparison of

unhealthy behaviors across population

subgroups, and Table 8.2 presents the

same comparisons for healthy behaviors.

Because behaviors may occur on a

continuum, classification of healthy and

unhealthy was not always

straightforward. Although there is little

controversy over the classification of

‘‘current cigarette smoker’’ as

‘‘unhealthy,’’ the decision to present

only ‘‘never smoked cigarettes’’ in the

table on ‘‘healthy behaviors’’ was

somewhat arbitrary. One might also

have shown ‘‘not current cigarette

smoker.’’ Similarly, the presentation of

‘‘five or more drinks in 1 day’’ is only

one indicator of possibly harmful levels

of alcohol consumption (5). Classification

of healthy alcohol use is even more

problematic because studies on the

health benefits of light or moderate

alcohol use abound, but a clear

consensus on ‘‘healthy alcohol use’’ has

not been reached (41). For this reason, a

‘‘healthy’’ category is not included for

alcohol.

All estimates presented in

Tables 8.1 and 8.2 are identical to those

shown in earlier chapters.

Unhealthy behaviors (Table 8.1)—

Overall, about 1 in 5 U.S. adults had

five or more drinks in a single day at

least once in the past year, about 1 in 5

adults were current cigarette smokers,

about 4 in 10 adults were physically

inactive in their leisure time, nearly 1 in

4 adults were obese, and about 3 in 10

adults averaged 6 hours or less of sleep

in a 24-hour period.

Examination of sex differences in

these health behaviors revealed that men

were more than twice as likely as

women to have consumed five or more

drinks in 1 day in the past year. Men

were also more likely than women to be

current smokers, but the differences

were not nearly as striking as for

alcohol use. Although men had higher

rates for drinking and smoking, they had

lower rates of leisure-time physical

inactivity than women did. Prevalence

of obesity was about the same for men

and women, and both were equally

likely to usually sleep 6 hours or less.

Overall, younger adults were more

likely than older adults to have had five

or more drinks in 1 day at least once in

the past year and to be current smokers.

However, younger adults were

considerably less likely to be physically

inactive in their leisure time. There was

an inverted U-shaped association

between age and both obesity and sleep.

The youngest and oldest adults were

least likely to be obese, with adults aged

45–64 years showing the highest

prevalence of obesity. Similarly, adults

aged 18–24 years and 65 years and over

were least likely and adults 45–64 years

of age were most likely to average 6

hours or less of sleep.

Differences in prevalence of

unhealthy behaviors by race and

ethnicity are noteworthy. Asian adults

had significantly lower prevalence of the

unhealthy behaviors shown in Table 8.1

in terms of alcohol use, smoking, and

body weight than all other race groups.

However, Asian adults did not exhibit

lower prevalence of leisure-time

physical inactivity and of averaging 6

hours or less of sleep. Asian adults and

white adults were about equally likely to

be physically inactive in their leisure

time, and Asian adults were as likely as

adults in the other race groups to sleep

6 hours or less in a 24-hour period.

White adults were more likely than

black adults to have had five or more

drinks in 1 day at least once in the past

year. However, rates of physical

inactivity and obesity were higher

among black adults than among white

adults. Rates of smoking were similar

for black and white men, but lower for

black women than white women. Black

women had particularly high rates of

obesity compared with white and Asian

women. Black adults were noticeably

more likely to average less sleep than

white adults.

Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 71

Overall, adults of Hispanic origin

were less likely to have had five or

more drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year, to be current smokers, or to

average 6 hours or less of sleep.

However, they were more likely to be

physically inactive and more likely to be

obese compared with non-Hispanic

adults. Differences between Hispanic

and non-Hispanic adults were

particularly noteworthy for women.

Hispanic women had very low rates of

smoking compared with non-Hispanic

white and non-Hispanic black women.

Hispanic women also had much lower

rates of having had five or more drinks

at least once in the past year than

non-Hispanic white women.

Educational differences in health

behaviors are generally consistent across

the behaviors studied. Adults with

higher levels of education were less

likely than those with fewer years of

education to be current smokers, to be

physically inactive in their leisure time,

to be obese, and to sleep 6 hours or less

in a 24-hour period. The association

between education and alcohol

consumption was more complex, with

prevalence of having five or more

drinks in 1 day at least once in the past

year lowest among adults who had not

graduated from high school and those

who had achieved a master’s degree or

higher, and higher among those with

levels of education in between. One of

the most interesting findings with

respect to education and health

behaviors was the prevalence of some of

the behaviors among adults who had

obtained a GED diploma. Although on

the educational achievement continuum,

this group falls between those who

graduated from high school and those

who did not—in some cases their health

behaviors are very different from both

of these groups. People with a GED

diploma were more likely than both

nonhigh school graduates and high

school graduates to have had five or

more drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year. Similarly, those with a GED

diploma were more likely than both

nonhigh school graduates and high

school graduates to be current smokers.

Adults with a GED diploma were less

likely than nonhigh school graduates
Page 72 [ Series 10, No. 230

(and as likely as high school graduates)

to be physically inactive. Adults with a

GED diploma were similar to nonhigh

school graduates in terms of prevalence

of obesity. Those with a GED diploma

were more likely to sleep 6 hours or

less than nonhigh school graduates and

high school graduates.

Prevalence of engaging in unhealthy

behaviors did not show a consistent

association with family income level.

Whereas prevalence of cigarette

smoking and lack of leisure-time

physical activity declined steadily with

increasing family income for both men

and women, prevalence of having had

five or more drinks in 1 day at least

once in the past year increased

modestly, most notably among adults at

the highest family income level.

Prevalence of obesity declined sharply

with increasing family income for

women, but not for men. Women at the

lower family income levels were more

likely to average 6 hours or less of sleep

than women with higher family

incomes. No family income differences

in sleep were noted for men.

Some interesting marital status

differences were noted in prevalence of

unhealthy behaviors, but the findings

were not consistent across the behaviors

(see Appendix II for definitions of

marital status terms). Whereas married

adults had a lower prevalence of current

cigarette smoking than all other marital

status groups, they were similar to

widowed adults in terms of prevalence

of having had five or more drinks in 1

day at least once in the past year.

Married women had lower rates of

obesity than women in most other

marital status groups; rates of obesity

among married men were among the

highest of any marital status group. It is

interesting to note that rates of drinking

five or more drinks in 1 day at least

once in the past year and smoking

cigarettes were considerably higher for

cohabiting adults than for married

adults. Cohabiting men were more likely

than their married counterparts to be

physically inactive. Divorced or

separated adults were noticeably more

likely to average 6 hours or less of sleep

than never married adults, married

adults, and cohabiting adults.

Some variations were found in

prevalence of unhealthy behaviors by

geographic region and place of

residence, although the results did not

provide a clear and systematic picture of

differences by these characteristics.

Adults living in the South had the

lowest prevalence of having had five or

more drinks in 1 day at least once in the

past year, the highest prevalence of

being physically inactive in leisure

time, and among the highest

prevalence of obesity. Adults living in

the West had the lowest smoking rates

compared with adults living in other

regions and were the least likely to

average 6 hours or less of sleep in a

24-hour period.

Prevalence of current cigarette

smoking was highest for men and

women living outside a metropolitan

statistical area (MSA). For both men

and women, prevalence of physical

inactivity was lowest for those living in

an MSA, but not in the central city.

Prevalence of obesity also was lowest

for women living in an MSA, but not in

the central city. The same was not true

for men. For men, obesity rates were

lower for those living in an MSA

regardless of whether it was the central

city.

Healthy behaviors (Table 8.2)—

Overall, about 6 in 10 adults had never

smoked cigarettes, about 3 in 10 were

regularly physically active in their

leisure time, about 4 in 10 were of

healthy weight, and about 6 in 10

usually slept 7 to 8 hours in a 24-hour

period.

Women were more likely than men

to have never smoked cigarettes and to

be of healthy body weight; men were

more likely than women to engage in

regular leisure-time physical activity.

Men and women were equally likely to

sleep 7 to 8 hours a night.

Younger adults were more likely

than older adults to have never smoked

and to engage in regular leisure-time

physical activity. The youngest and

oldest were the most likely to be of

healthy weight, with those 45–64 years

of age and 65–74 years of age least

likely to fall in this weight range. The

oldest adults were least likely to average

7 to 8 hours of sleep.

Prevalence of healthy behaviors was

not consistent across race or Hispanic

origin subgroups. Of the race groups

shown in Table 8.2, Asian adults were

the most likely to have never smoked

cigarettes and to be of healthy weight.

However, Asian adults were less likely

than white adults to engage in regular

leisure-time physical activity. Black

adults were less likely than Asian adults

to have never smoked cigarettes. White

adults were considerably more likely

than black adults to engage in regular

leisure-time physical activity and to be

of healthy weight. Prevalence of

sleeping 7 to 8 hours a night was

similar for Asian adults and white

adults, and both groups were more

likely than black adults to sleep this

amount.

Hispanic adults were more likely

than non-Hispanic adults to have never

smoked cigarettes and to average 7 to 8

hours of sleep, but Hispanic adults were

less likely than non-Hispanic adults to

engage in regular leisure-time physical

activity and to be of healthy weight.

Prevalence of healthy behaviors

was strongly associated with

education: persons with higher levels

of education were noticeably more

likely than those with less education

to have never smoked cigarettes, to be

regularly physically active in their

leisure time, to be of healthy weight,

and to usually sleep 7 to 8 hours in a

24-hour period.

The associations between family

income level and healthy behaviors

varied by behavior and, in some cases,

differed for men and women. Among

women, prevalence of regular

leisure-time physical activity and

prevalence of healthy body weight

showed clear and consistent positive

associations with family income level.

In contrast, among men, prevalence of

regular leisure-time physical activity

increased, but prevalence of healthy

weight decreased with increased level of

family income. For both men and

women, prevalence of never having

smoked cigarettes and usually sleeping 7

to 8 hours in a night increased with

increased level of family income.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 73

Findings related to marital status insights into the most effective ways to

were mixed. For two of the four help all people achieve healthier

behaviors shown in Table 8.2, never lifestyles.

married men had the highest prevalence

of healthy behavior compared with men

in other marital status groups: never

having smoked and having a healthy

body weight. Some marital status

differences were noted for women, but

no clear pattern emerged.

Prevalence of behaviors varied by

region, but no specific region stood out

as having a consistently higher

prevalence of healthy behaviors. Adults

living in the West had the highest

prevalence of never having smoked

cigarettes and usually sleeping 7 to 8

hours in a 24-hour period. Adults living

in the West were similar to adults living

in the Northeast in terms of prevalence

of healthy body weight. Adults living in

the South were the least likely to engage

in regular physical activity.

Prevalence of healthy behaviors

generally varied for adults living in and

outside an MSA and was not the same

across the behaviors studied. Rates of

never having smoked cigarettes,

engaging in leisure-time physical

activity, and maintaining healthy body

weight were higher for adults living in

an MSA than for those living outside an

MSA. Prevalence of sleeping 7 to 8

hours, on average, was modestly higher

among adults living in an MSA but not

in the central city.

Conclusions

Prevalence of alcohol use, cigarette

smoking, leisure-time physical activity,

body weight status, and usually sleeping

7 to 8 hours in a 24-hour period varied

significantly among different segments

of the population. With the possible

exception of adults with advanced levels

of education, no single population

subgroup was found to have a

consistently lower prevalence of

unhealthy behaviors or a higher

prevalence of healthy behaviors. Some

population subgroups have already met

the health objectives for the Nation

outlined in Healthy People 2010, and

others still lag far behind (42). Future

studies focusing on the characteristics of

groups most likely to engage in

health-promoting behaviors may provide
Page 74 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 8.1. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected unhealthy

behaviors, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Selected unhealthy behaviors

Five or more

drinks in 1 day Current Physically Slept

at least once cigarette inactive 6 hours

Selected characteristic (past year)1 smoker2 (leisure time)3 Obese4 or less5

Both sexes Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)6 .................. 19.7 (0.24) 21.5 (0.21) 38.0 (0.40) 23.4 (0.20) 28.5 (0.32)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)6 ....................... 19.6 (0.24) 21.6 (0.21) 37.9 (0.40) 23.6 (0.20) 28.6 (0.33)

Age:7

18–24 years .................................. 32.0 (0.80) 25.3 (0.65) 31.4 (0.73) 14.3 (0.47) 23.5 (0.96)

25–44 years .................................. 26.3 (0.36) 25.0 (0.32) 34.0 (0.48) 23.6 (0.29) 29.7 (0.49)

45–64 years .................................. 14.4 (0.26) 22.4 (0.33) 38.2 (0.47) 28.3 (0.36) 31.8 (0.59)

65–74 years .................................. 5.4 (0.30) 11.9 (0.39) 45.3 (0.76) 26.7 (0.52) 24.2 (0.87)

75 years and over .............................. 1.8 (0.18) 5.8 (0.30) 59.8 (0.71) 16.0 (0.46) 23.8 (0.93)

Race:

White, single race............................... 21.6 (0.28) 22.2 (0.24) 36.3 (0.43) 22.4 (0.22) 27.6 (0.36)

Black or African American, single race .................. 11.0 (0.34) 20.9 (0.57) 48.7 (0.76) 34.2 (0.55) 34.5 (0.98)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ............. 21.6 (1.93) 32.9 (2.53) 46.8 (3.34) 33.5 (2.52) 34.2 (4.17)

Asian, single race ............................... 8.0 (0.66) 11.6 (0.68) 37.9 (1.10) 6.3 (0.58) 30.6 (1.74)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ......... 26.2 (5.71) 32.1 (6.62) 35.5 (4.68) 28.0 (5.46) 31.1 (7.80)

2 or more races ................................ 20.2 (1.17) 30.1 (1.56) 28.9 (1.62) 26.3 (1.73) 34.6 (2.88)

Black or African American, white .................... 19.1 (3.49) 27.6 (3.87) 36.9 (5.31) 32.2 (4.74) 33.9 (6.77)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............... 22.2 (2.21) 40.0 (2.54) 31.0 (2.75) 27.3 (2.48) 35.2 (5.10)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino............................... 16.7 (0.38) 15.2 (0.37) 52.4 (0.63) 26.0 (0.47) 26.0 (0.83)

Mexican or Mexican-American...................... 18.5 (0.49) 14.6 (0.46) 52.8 (0.79) 28.4 (0.66) 25.1 (1.10)

Not Hispanic or Latino ............................ 20.2 (0.26) 22.6 (0.24) 36.0 (0.42) 23.1 (0.21) 29.0 (0.35)

White, single race ............................. 22.5 (0.31) 23.3 (0.27) 33.9 (0.46) 22.0 (0.23) 28.1 (0.39)

Black or African American, single race................. 10.9 (0.34) 20.9 (0.56) 48.7 (0.77) 34.3 (0.54) 34.6 (0.99)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ...................... 16.9 (0.37) 29.7 (0.54) 59.4 (0.57) 27.1 (0.45) 29.1 (0.77)

GED diploma8 ................................. 23.5 (1.03) 41.5 (1.10) 46.5 (1.20) 29.0 (1.00) 34.1 (2.17)

High school graduate............................. 19.2 (0.40) 26.1 (0.35) 44.4 (0.57) 25.4 (0.36) 27.8 (0.55)

Some college—no degree.......................... 21.2 (0.43) 21.6 (0.39) 32.6 (0.53) 24.5 (0.40) 30.6 (0.79)

Associate of arts degree........................... 20.3 (0.51) 20.2 (0.50) 30.9 (0.73) 25.1 (0.58) 30.8 (1.00)

Bachelor of arts, science degree...................... 21.7 (0.43) 11.9 (0.31) 22.8 (0.46) 17.5 (0.39) 25.8 (0.74)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree .................... 16.9 (0.54) 7.4 (0.33) 18.8 (0.58) 15.3 (0.52) 24.4 (1.02)

Poverty status:9

Below poverty level .............................. 17.9 (0.66) 30.6 (0.68) 54.0 (0.87) 27.3 (0.56) 31.4 (0.96)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ....................... 17.7 (0.43) 27.8 (0.48) 49.8 (0.67) 27.7 (0.48) 32.0 (0.79)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ....................... 20.4 (0.35) 23.7 (0.37) 36.4 (0.53) 25.6 (0.36) 29.7 (0.69)

4 times poverty level or more........................ 24.1 (0.35) 16.5 (0.29) 23.5 (0.43) 20.7 (0.34) 26.9 (0.57)

Marital status:

Never married ................................. 22.8 (0.47) 22.3 (0.47) 39.0 (0.62) 22.8 (0.49) 27.5 (0.83)

Married ..................................... 16.9 (0.26) 17.6 (0.25) 36.8 (0.46) 24.0 (0.26) 27.5 (0.40)

Cohabiting ................................... 28.2 (0.75) 35.8 (0.86) 40.4 (1.05) 23.0 (0.94) 29.2 (1.59)

Divorced or separated ............................ 20.9 (0.46) 33.2 (0.51) 41.5 (0.61) 25.9 (0.49) 36.1 (0.93)

Widowed .................................... 14.1 (1.64) 27.4 (1.86) 49.1 (1.97) 26.9 (1.76) 33.2 (4.05)

Geographic region:

Northeast .................................... 20.4 (0.47) 20.4 (0.49) 34.8 (0.64) 21.5 (0.43) 31.0 (0.82)

Midwest ..................................... 24.0 (0.58) 24.1 (0.42) 34.5 (0.74) 24.6 (0.35) 29.5 (0.70)

South ...................................... 16.5 (0.39) 22.9 (0.36) 43.6 (0.78) 25.1 (0.36) 28.7 (0.52)

West ....................................... 19.5 (0.41) 17.2 (0.43) 35.1 (0.75) 20.8 (0.37) 24.9 (0.66)

Place of residence:10

MSA, central city ............................... 19.4 (0.42) 21.0 (0.36) 40.5 (0.66) 23.4 (0.32) 28.9 (0.59)

MSA, not central city ............................. 19.9 (0.32) 20.0 (0.29) 34.8 (0.45) 22.2 (0.24) 28.5 (0.48)

Not MSA .................................... 19.5 (0.59) 26.6 (0.54) 42.8 (1.11) 26.7 (0.52) 28.3 (0.64)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)6 .................. 28.1 (0.36) 23.8 (0.28) 36.0 (0.45) 23.6 (0.28) 28.6 (0.43)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)6 ....................... 28.5 (0.38) 24.2 (0.28) 35.7 (0.45) 23.8 (0.28) 29.0 (0.44)

Age:7

18–24 years .................................. 41.3 (1.15) 28.1 (0.92) 28.4 (0.94) 14.3 (0.68) 22.8 (1.35)

25–44 years .................................. 37.3 (0.55) 27.8 (0.43) 32.4 (0.57) 24.5 (0.41) 31.1 (0.71)

45–64 years .................................. 22.0 (0.42) 24.5 (0.48) 37.8 (0.59) 28.2 (0.53) 32.3 (0.88)

65–74 years .................................. 9.4 (0.56) 12.9 (0.58) 42.7 (1.07) 25.4 (0.82) 21.4 (1.26)

75 years and over .............................. 3.7 (0.40) 6.3 (0.48) 53.0 (1.13) 14.5 (0.73) 21.4 (1.57)

See footnotes at end of table..........................
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 75

Table 8.1. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected unhealthy

behaviors, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Selected unhealthy behaviors

Five or more

drinks in 1 day Current Physically Slept

at least once cigarette inactive 6 hours

Selected characteristic (past year)1 smoker2 (leisure time)3 Obese4 or less5

Men—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race............................... 30.2 (0.41) 24.0 (0.32) 34.9 (0.48) 23.5 (0.30) 28.0 (0.48)

Black or African American, single race .................. 17.7 (0.63) 25.2 (0.80) 44.2 (1.13) 28.2 (0.81) 33.5 (1.44)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ............. 28.1 (3.16) 34.4 (3.26) 47.2 (4.41) 33.2 (4.29) 32.8 (6.64)

Asian, single race ............................... 13.2 (1.22) 17.1 (1.16) 34.6 (1.71) 6.9 (0.82) 32.0 (2.47)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ......... 36.6 (8.38) 37.1 (8.06) 33.5 (5.44) 33.3 (7.99) 38.9 (9.77)

2 or more races ................................ 29.3 (2.22) 31.9 (2.24) 26.7 (2.33) 22.2 (2.39) 34.1 (3.75)

Black or African American, white .................... 31.4 (7.70) 30.8 (6.30) 29.9 (7.95) 31.3 (6.73) 51.4 (6.35)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............... 32.2 (3.41) 44.8 (3.92) 30.3 (3.78) 20.7 (3.00) 32.9 (6.93)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino............................... 26.8 (0.67) 19.9 (0.58) 50.5 (0.80) 24.9 (0.67) 24.9 (1.22)

Mexican or Mexican-American...................... 29.5 (0.87) 19.4 (0.75) 51.8 (1.04) 26.5 (0.95) 23.6 (1.71)

Not Hispanic or Latino ............................ 28.4 (0.40) 24.5 (0.31) 33.9 (0.48) 23.4 (0.31) 29.5 (0.48)

White, single race ............................. 31.0 (0.46) 24.8 (0.35) 32.5 (0.51) 23.4 (0.33) 28.7 (0.53)

Black or African American, single race................. 17.6 (0.63) 25.0 (0.80) 44.2 (1.14) 28.1 (0.79) 33.5 (1.44)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ...................... 26.0 (0.64) 33.7 (0.68) 57.7 (0.75) 24.7 (0.62) 28.9 (1.18)

GED diploma8 ................................. 32.0 (1.57) 45.1 (1.53) 45.3 (1.76) 27.5 (1.51) 35.5 (3.07)

High school graduate............................. 27.7 (0.59) 28.6 (0.51) 42.7 (0.71) 25.7 (0.53) 27.6 (0.88)

Some college—no degree.......................... 30.0 (0.68) 22.9 (0.55) 30.0 (0.71) 25.2 (0.60) 30.3 (1.05)

Associate of arts degree........................... 30.6 (0.91) 22.7 (0.81) 29.0 (1.10) 26.0 (0.89) 31.9 (1.63)

Bachelor of arts, science degree...................... 30.1 (0.68) 13.2 (0.50) 21.0 (0.60) 19.3 (0.60) 27.0 (1.02)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree .................... 22.1 (0.84) 8.2 (0.49) 16.9 (0.71) 16.8 (0.75) 25.3 (1.34)

Poverty status:9

Below poverty level .............................. 27.7 (1.11) 33.5 (0.97) 51.6 (1.19) 22.9 (0.85) 29.7 (1.65)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ....................... 26.4 (0.74) 32.1 (0.71) 49.7 (0.91) 24.8 (0.70) 30.4 (1.25)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ....................... 28.5 (0.57) 26.3 (0.51) 36.0 (0.70) 25.3 (0.55) 30.3 (0.98)

4 times poverty level or more........................ 32.8 (0.54) 18.5 (0.40) 22.1 (0.55) 23.5 (0.49) 28.6 (0.82)

Marital status:

Never married ................................. 30.5 (0.71) 25.5 (0.67) 36.9 (0.85) 20.0 (0.71) 26.2 (1.12)

Married ..................................... 24.8 (0.41) 20.0 (0.33) 35.9 (0.50) 25.8 (0.37) 28.5 (0.56)

Cohabiting ................................... 37.1 (1.14) 38.0 (1.23) 40.7 (1.46) 22.6 (1.20) 30.1 (1.97)

Divorced or separated ............................ 33.5 (0.81) 37.2 (0.83) 38.5 (0.87) 24.5 (0.77) 37.0 (1.41)

Widowed .................................... 30.2 (4.66) 33.2 (5.07) 43.2 (4.54) 24.3 (4.18) 48.2 (10.31)

Geographic region:

Northeast .................................... 28.9 (0.77) 21.7 (0.66) 32.0 (0.76) 23.1 (0.66) 31.7 (0.91)

Midwest ..................................... 33.2 (0.87) 26.4 (0.53) 33.5 (0.87) 24.6 (0.55) 29.1 (0.98)

South ...................................... 24.3 (0.60) 25.5 (0.47) 41.3 (0.86) 24.5 (0.48) 29.1 (0.67)

West ....................................... 28.3 (0.64) 19.6 (0.57) 32.9 (0.88) 21.1 (0.54) 24.9 (0.96)

Place of residence:10

MSA, central city ............................... 27.9 (0.59) 23.4 (0.47) 37.3 (0.78) 22.2 (0.44) 28.8 (0.84)

MSA, not central city ............................. 28.1 (0.48) 22.0 (0.39) 33.2 (0.51) 23.2 (0.37) 29.1 (0.62)

Not MSA .................................... 28.3 (0.88) 29.3 (0.68) 41.7 (1.20) 26.4 (0.68) 27.6 (1.03)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)6 .................. 11.8 (0.20) 19.4 (0.25) 39.8 (0.43) 23.2 (0.25) 28.3 (0.43)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)6 ....................... 11.5 (0.19) 19.2 (0.25) 40.0 (0.43) 23.4 (0.26) 28.3 (0.43)

Age:7

18–24 years .................................. 22.9 (0.79) 22.5 (0.75) 34.5 (0.89) 14.3 (0.60) 24.1 (1.29)

25–44 years .................................. 15.8 (0.34) 22.3 (0.39) 35.6 (0.58) 22.8 (0.40) 28.4 (0.63)

45–64 years .................................. 7.3 (0.24) 20.4 (0.38) 38.5 (0.54) 28.4 (0.48) 31.3 (0.78)

65–74 years .................................. 2.2 (0.25) 11.2 (0.50) 47.5 (0.88) 27.8 (0.68) 26.6 (1.27)

75 years and over .............................. 0.5 (0.10) 5.5 (0.36) 64.1 (0.81) 16.9 (0.60) 25.3 (1.11)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 76 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 8.1. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected unhealthy

behaviors, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Selected unhealthy behaviors

Five or more

drinks in 1 day Current Physically Slept

at least once cigarette inactive 6 hours

Selected characteristic (past year)1 smoker2 (leisure time)3 Obese4 or less5

Women—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race............................... 13.4 (0.24) 20.5 (0.29) 37.5 (0.48) 21.3 (0.27) 27.1 (0.47)

Black or African American, single race .................. 5.6 (0.29) 17.5 (0.60) 52.3 (0.78) 39.0 (0.78) 35.2 (1.28)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ............. 15.1 (2.42) 31.1 (3.49) 45.5 (4.03) 33.0 (3.46) 34.7 (5.33)

Asian, single race ............................... 2.7 (0.45) 5.9 (0.72) 41.1 (1.55) 5.7 (0.75) 29.3 (2.40)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ......... † *25.3 (8.43) 41.2 (7.92) *19.5 (6.83) *21.8 (9.03)

2 or more races ................................ 12.7 (1.31) 28.4 (1.90) 30.6 (1.99) 29.7 (2.23) 34.0 (4.24)

Black or African American, white .................... 11.7 (3.17) 25.9 (5.09) 41.4 (7.31) 35.3 (6.53) 26.8 (6.66)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............... 14.3 (2.79) 36.0 (3.32) 31.4 (3.47) 32.7 (3.39) 37.4 (6.25)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino............................... 6.7 (0.28) 10.5 (0.38) 54.4 (0.81) 26.9 (0.60) 26.9 (1.03)

Mexican or Mexican-American...................... 7.1 (0.38) 9.3 (0.51) 54.0 (1.03) 30.2 (0.83) 26.5 (1.33)

Not Hispanic or Latino ............................ 12.6 (0.22) 20.7 (0.28) 37.7 (0.46) 22.8 (0.28) 28.6 (0.47)

White, single race ............................. 14.5 (0.27) 21.9 (0.32) 35.0 (0.51) 20.7 (0.29) 27.4 (0.50)

Black or African American, single race................. 5.5 (0.29) 17.6 (0.60) 52.4 (0.79) 39.1 (0.77) 35.3 (1.29)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ...................... 7.5 (0.33) 25.7 (0.70) 61.4 (0.73) 29.4 (0.67) 29.1 (0.98)

GED diploma8 ................................. 14.6 (1.09) 37.6 (1.52) 47.8 (1.70) 30.5 (1.32) 32.9 (2.85)

High school graduate............................. 10.9 (0.37) 23.7 (0.47) 46.1 (0.67) 25.2 (0.46) 27.9 (0.76)

Some college—no degree.......................... 13.5 (0.43) 20.4 (0.50) 34.9 (0.61) 23.8 (0.53) 30.7 (1.01)

Associate of arts degree........................... 12.3 (0.57) 18.2 (0.57) 32.2 (0.87) 24.4 (0.79) 29.7 (1.23)

Bachelor of arts, science degree...................... 14.1 (0.45) 10.7 (0.40) 24.5 (0.62) 15.8 (0.48) 24.7 (0.96)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree .................... 10.9 (0.62) 6.6 (0.46) 21.3 (0.88) 13.6 (0.65) 23.5 (1.43)

Poverty status:9

Below poverty level .............................. 11.2 (0.55) 28.7 (0.80) 55.7 (1.01) 30.3 (0.73) 32.5 (1.12)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ....................... 10.4 (0.42) 24.2 (0.64) 50.0 (0.75) 30.2 (0.62) 33.3 (1.05)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ....................... 12.4 (0.35) 21.1 (0.50) 36.7 (0.61) 25.8 (0.44) 28.9 (0.85)

4 times poverty level or more........................ 14.8 (0.38) 14.4 (0.36) 25.2 (0.55) 17.5 (0.42) 25.0 (0.84)

Marital status:

Never married ................................. 14.1 (0.44) 18.9 (0.54) 41.4 (0.80) 26.1 (0.64) 28.5 (1.11)

Married ..................................... 9.5 (0.23) 15.3 (0.29) 37.6 (0.54) 22.4 (0.32) 26.6 (0.57)

Cohabiting ................................... 19.4 (0.82) 33.7 (1.24) 40.1 (1.44) 23.5 (1.44) 28.7 (2.54)

Divorced or separated ............................ 12.6 (0.48) 30.5 (0.63) 43.6 (0.73) 26.9 (0.64) 35.5 (1.13)

Widowed .................................... 9.6 (1.60) 25.7 (1.95) 50.9 (2.08) 27.4 (1.92) 27.8 (3.38)

Geographic region:

Northeast .................................... 12.9 (0.44) 19.2 (0.61) 37.1 (0.81) 19.9 (0.54) 30.4 (1.13)

Midwest ..................................... 15.4 (0.48) 21.9 (0.52) 35.3 (0.82) 24.6 (0.49) 29.8 (1.02)

South ...................................... 9.2 (0.29) 20.4 (0.43) 45.6 (0.84) 25.6 (0.47) 28.0 (0.65)

West ....................................... 11.0 (0.40) 14.7 (0.44) 37.1 (0.80) 20.4 (0.41) 24.9 (0.76)

Place of residence:10

MSA, central city ............................... 11.7 (0.39) 18.7 (0.44) 43.4 (0.73) 24.5 (0.42) 28.9 (0.81)

MSA, not central city ............................. 12.0 (0.28) 18.0 (0.34) 36.2 (0.54) 21.2 (0.32) 27.8 (0.61)

Not MSA .................................... 11.3 (0.49) 24.0 (0.65) 43.7 (1.20) 26.9 (0.72) 28.8 (0.85)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the past year was asked of only current drinkers, but estimates reflect percent of all adults who engaged in this behavior (as shown in Table 3.3).

2Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime and currently smoked.

3Never engaged in any leisure-time light, moderate, or vigorous physical activity.

4Obese is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than or equal to 30.

5Usual number of hours of sleep in a 24-hour period. Based on data from 2004 NHIS Sample Adult only.

6Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

7Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9Poverty status for columns 1–4 is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003; poverty status for column 5 is based on 2003.

10MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude

percentages, refer to Table XX. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown health behavior characteristics. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 77

Table 8.2. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected healthy behaviors,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Selected healthy behaviors

Never Any regular

smoked leisure-time Healthy Slept

Selected characteristic cigarettes1 physical activity2 weight3 7–8 hours4

Both sexes Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)5 ...................... 56.6 (0.26) 31.6 (0.29) 39.2 (0.22) 62.8 (0.35)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)5

............................ 56.4 (0.27) 31.6 (0.29) 39.1 (0.23) 62.8 (0.35)

Age:6

18–24 years ....................................... 67.5 (0.73) 39.3 (0.74) 55.8 (0.64) 63.4 (1.05)

25–44 years ....................................... 60.8 (0.38) 34.0 (0.38) 39.7 (0.34) 64.4 (0.52)

45–64 years ....................................... 49.3 (0.41) 30.4 (0.38) 31.9 (0.34) 61.8 (0.61)

65–74 years ....................................... 46.9 (0.62) 27.0 (0.64) 32.3 (0.55) 63.4 (0.98)

75 years and over ................................... 55.7 (0.62) 16.8 (0.49) 44.5 (0.66) 57.0 (1.11)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 54.6 (0.30) 33.0 (0.33) 40.0 (0.24) 64.1 (0.39)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 63.5 (0.55) 24.6 (0.59) 29.8 (0.56) 54.6 (0.99)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 45.9 (3.67) 23.7 (2.21) 33.4 (3.05) 53.9 (4.78)

Asian, single race.................................... 74.5 (0.96) 29.3 (1.13) 61.3 (1.20) 63.8 (1.97)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 51.9 (7.38) 32.4 (5.05) 29.4 (5.80) 57.3 (10.36)

2 or more races ..................................... 47.4 (1.75) 34.5 (1.65) 38.7 (2.03) 54.8 (2.86)

Black or African American, white ......................... 58.5 (5.42) 29.3 (3.87) 39.6 (4.84) 64.1 (6.75)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 34.7 (2.29) 33.3 (2.84) 36.4 (3.06) 56.6 (5.03)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 69.0 (0.53) 23.3 (0.46) 32.9 (0.53) 64.5 (0.91)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 70.1 (0.72) 22.8 (0.52) 29.8 (0.62) 64.3 (1.19)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 54.9 (0.29) 32.9 (0.32) 40.1 (0.24) 62.4 (0.38)

White, single race .................................. 52.7 (0.32) 34.5 (0.35) 40.8 (0.25) 63.7 (0.41)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 63.5 (0.55) 24.6 (0.60) 29.7 (0.56) 54.4 (1.00)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 52.0 (0.57) 19.1 (0.43) 35.6 (0.50) 58.7 (0.83)

GED diploma7 ...................................... 33.2 (1.07) 24.4 (1.02) 34.1 (1.12) 53.5 (2.18)

High school graduate ................................. 52.7 (0.41) 26.7 (0.47) 36.9 (0.39) 62.4 (0.65)

Some college—no degree .............................. 54.9 (0.45) 34.7 (0.53) 38.9 (0.51) 61.1 (0.78)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 55.1 (0.69) 35.3 (0.65) 37.3 (0.63) 61.5 (1.08)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 64.8 (0.48) 41.6 (0.51) 44.7 (0.52) 68.8 (0.76)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 69.6 (0.58) 45.3 (0.75) 47.1 (0.68) 70.7 (1.10)

Poverty status:8

Below poverty level................................... 53.8 (0.78) 22.3 (0.65) 39.1 (0.67) 55.1 (1.10)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 53.6 (0.54) 23.3 (0.50) 36.5 (0.51) 57.0 (0.85)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 53.2 (0.44) 31.1 (0.44) 37.1 (0.40) 61.9 (0.72)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 57.9 (0.40) 40.9 (0.43) 40.6 (0.38) 66.5 (0.63)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 61.9 (0.51) 33.1 (0.52) 43.8 (0.54) 61.5 (0.94)

Married .......................................... 57.8 (0.33) 31.3 (0.33) 36.5 (0.28) 65.2 (0.44)

Cohabiting ........................................ 40.2 (0.97) 30.6 (1.05) 40.8 (1.03) 60.4 (1.76)

Divorced or separated ................................. 45.4 (0.54) 29.4 (0.50) 37.5 (0.55) 55.6 (0.93)

Widowed ......................................... 53.5 (2.00) 24.5 (1.97) 39.4 (2.19) 55.3 (4.14)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 55.7 (0.58) 34.4 (0.66) 40.9 (0.50) 61.3 (0.84)

Midwest.......................................... 53.4 (0.53) 32.1 (0.54) 38.0 (0.42) 62.2 (0.69)

South ........................................... 56.8 (0.46) 28.4 (0.55) 37.8 (0.38) 62.0 (0.58)

West............................................ 60.8 (0.53) 34.3 (0.47) 41.9 (0.46) 66.2 (0.77)

Place of residence:9

MSA, central city .................................... 58.8 (0.42) 30.5 (0.48) 40.7 (0.38) 61.8 (0.62)

MSA, not central city.................................. 57.0 (0.37) 33.5 (0.36) 39.6 (0.30) 63.8 (0.50)

Not MSA ......................................... 52.3 (0.60) 28.3 (0.74) 36.2 (0.53) 61.7 (0.79)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)5 ...................... 50.0 (0.33) 34.1 (0.37) 31.8 (0.30) 63.2 (0.48)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)5

............................ 50.3 (0.35) 34.2 (0.38) 31.6 (0.31) 63.2 (0.48)

Age:6

18–24 years ....................................... 64.6 (1.00) 44.5 (1.01) 52.4 (0.90) 65.6 (1.57)

25–44 years ....................................... 57.7 (0.47) 35.7 (0.50) 30.3 (0.45) 64.2 (0.77)

45–64 years ....................................... 41.6 (0.55) 31.3 (0.52) 24.3 (0.47) 61.4 (0.88)

65–74 years ....................................... 33.6 (0.83) 30.2 (0.91) 25.4 (0.83) 65.6 (1.49)

75 years and over ................................... 37.8 (1.04) 22.1 (0.84) 41.3 (1.07) 57.6 (1.78)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 78 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table 8.2. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected healthy behaviors,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Selected healthy behaviors

Never Any regular

smoked leisure-time Healthy Slept

Selected characteristic cigarettes1 physical activity2 weight3 7–8 hours4

Men—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 49.0 (0.37) 34.9 (0.42) 31.1 (0.34) 64.4 (0.52)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 54.6 (0.85) 29.8 (0.89) 30.3 (0.88) 55.3 (1.64)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 43.1 (4.51) 22.9 (3.27) 26.5 (4.84) 57.3 (6.98)

Asian, single race.................................... 60.7 (1.58) 31.4 (1.69) 57.4 (1.51) 62.8 (2.73)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 47.1 (8.60) 34.9 (6.32) *23.1 (8.06) 40.5 (9.33)

2 or more races ..................................... 42.2 (2.63) 36.9 (2.40) 33.3 (3.01) 55.2 (4.59)

Black or African American, white ......................... 59.8 (8.30) 33.0 (6.63) 34.0 (5.60) 48.6 (6.35)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 26.7 (3.39) 36.4 (4.20) 30.7 (4.26) 58.5 (7.14)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 58.5 (0.83) 25.3 (0.69) 28.3 (0.68) 67.0 (1.34)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 59.7 (1.11) 24.2 (0.87) 26.7 (0.83) 68.0 (1.77)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 48.9 (0.36) 35.4 (0.41) 32.4 (0.32) 62.5 (0.53)

White, single race .................................. 47.6 (0.41) 36.4 (0.46) 31.6 (0.36) 63.7 (0.57)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 54.8 (0.86) 29.9 (0.91) 30.3 (0.88) 55.2 (1.64)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 42.1 (0.75) 21.3 (0.65) 33.6 (0.70) 58.9 (1.25)

GED diploma7 ...................................... 25.9 (1.44) 25.8 (1.45) 31.9 (1.54) 54.7 (3.13)

High school graduate ................................. 45.3 (0.57) 28.8 (0.62) 30.4 (0.53) 62.8 (1.00)

Some college—no degree .............................. 49.3 (0.68) 38.6 (0.77) 30.7 (0.68) 62.4 (1.09)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 48.3 (1.04) 37.6 (1.02) 27.6 (0.86) 61.4 (1.70)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 60.3 (0.65) 43.2 (0.72) 32.0 (0.72) 68.0 (1.09)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 67.3 (0.81) 47.4 (1.00) 37.2 (0.83) 71.0 (1.46)

Poverty status:8

Below poverty level................................... 45.7 (1.10) 26.3 (1.04) 39.1 (1.02) 57.3 (1.99)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 45.1 (0.72) 24.2 (0.69) 33.9 (0.75) 58.3 (1.39)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 46.8 (0.58) 32.9 (0.62) 31.2 (0.58) 61.1 (1.01)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 52.8 (0.52) 42.8 (0.62) 28.6 (0.49) 65.8 (0.85)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 56.0 (0.73) 37.0 (0.75) 41.9 (0.72) 62.7 (1.29)

Married .......................................... 51.4 (0.41) 32.0 (0.44) 26.8 (0.37) 65.0 (0.58)

Cohabiting ........................................ 35.4 (1.34) 30.9 (1.37) 33.5 (1.27) 60.5 (2.21)

Divorced or separated ................................. 37.8 (0.82) 34.0 (0.78) 31.4 (0.74) 54.7 (1.46)

Widowed ......................................... 42.4 (4.68) 33.7 (5.47) 30.6 (5.36) 47.2 (10.30)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 50.8 (0.77) 37.6 (0.84) 31.8 (0.77) 61.4 (0.95)

Midwest.......................................... 46.7 (0.64) 33.7 (0.73) 29.9 (0.56) 62.9 (0.94)

South ........................................... 49.5 (0.56) 31.0 (0.69) 31.7 (0.54) 62.3 (0.88)

West............................................ 54.2 (0.66) 36.9 (0.63) 34.3 (0.57) 66.8 (0.96)

Place of residence:9

MSA, central city .................................... 51.7 (0.56) 33.8 (0.62) 35.0 (0.57) 62.3 (0.91)

MSA, not central city.................................. 51.2 (0.46) 35.8 (0.48) 31.0 (0.42) 63.7 (0.71)

Not MSA ......................................... 44.7 (0.74) 29.8 (0.92) 29.7 (0.63) 63.0 (1.18)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)5 ...................... 62.3 (0.32) 29.4 (0.34) 46.4 (0.31) 62.5 (0.44)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)5

............................ 62.1 (0.32) 29.3 (0.34) 46.2 (0.32) 62.4 (0.44)

Age:6

18–24 years ....................................... 70.4 (0.88) 34.1 (0.84) 59.2 (0.88) 61.1 (1.37)

25–44 years ....................................... 63.8 (0.47) 32.3 (0.47) 49.2 (0.47) 64.6 (0.67)

45–64 years ....................................... 56.5 (0.51) 29.5 (0.47) 39.3 (0.45) 62.2 (0.79)

65–74 years ....................................... 57.9 (0.78) 24.4 (0.76) 38.2 (0.78) 61.5 (1.32)

75 years and over ................................... 67.2 (0.73) 13.3 (0.55) 46.6 (0.78) 56.6 (1.36)

See footnotes at end of table. .............................
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 79

Table 8.2. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected healthy behaviors,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Selected healthy behaviors

Never Any regular

smoked leisure-time Healthy Slept

Selected characteristic cigarettes1 physical activity2 weight3 7–8 hours4

Women—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 59.4 (0.37) 31.3 (0.38) 48.7 (0.34) 63.9 (0.50)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 70.1 (0.61) 20.3 (0.63) 29.5 (0.72) 54.2 (1.20)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 48.8 (4.76) 25.0 (2.85) 40.7 (3.49) 52.0 (6.04)

Asian, single race.................................... 88.5 (0.97) 27.3 (1.36) 65.8 (1.69) 64.7 (2.57)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 58.2 (9.91) 29.8 (7.84) 39.8 (8.21) 75.3 (8.55)

2 or more races ..................................... 51.9 (2.06) 32.3 (2.27) 43.5 (2.52) 55.2 (3.94)

Black or African American, white ......................... 52.1 (6.69) 26.9 (5.16) 40.1 (6.59) 69.9 (6.64)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 41.0 (3.14) 30.8 (3.73) 41.0 (4.08) 54.5 (6.00)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 78.8 (0.54) 21.2 (0.63) 37.9 (0.69) 62.2 (1.08)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 80.7 (0.73) 21.3 (0.75) 33.5 (0.87) 60.5 (1.45)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 60.0 (0.34) 30.6 (0.36) 47.5 (0.34) 62.4 (0.47)

White, single race .................................. 57.1 (0.39) 32.7 (0.41) 49.8 (0.36) 63.8 (0.52)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 70.0 (0.61) 20.3 (0.64) 29.3 (0.71) 54.0 (1.22)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 61.1 (0.77) 16.8 (0.53) 37.7 (0.67) 58.4 (1.03)

GED diploma7 ...................................... 41.2 (1.59) 23.0 (1.38) 36.6 (1.61) 51.9 (3.12)

High school graduate ................................. 58.4 (0.54) 24.8 (0.59) 43.0 (0.52) 61.9 (0.83)

Some college—no degree .............................. 59.6 (0.59) 31.3 (0.60) 46.4 (0.69) 60.1 (1.04)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 60.1 (0.80) 33.6 (0.81) 45.2 (0.83) 61.7 (1.39)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 69.4 (0.66) 40.1 (0.68) 57.0 (0.71) 69.5 (1.00)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 72.9 (0.84) 42.8 (1.07) 59.5 (0.99) 70.2 (1.52)

Poverty status:8

Below poverty level................................... 58.8 (0.88) 19.6 (0.71) 39.3 (0.89) 53.5 (1.21)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 60.0 (0.74) 22.6 (0.61) 38.7 (0.66) 55.7 (1.08)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 59.2 (0.57) 29.4 (0.55) 43.1 (0.55) 62.8 (0.92)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 63.4 (0.54) 38.7 (0.56) 53.9 (0.57) 67.1 (0.86)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 67.6 (0.66) 28.9 (0.68) 46.2 (0.77) 60.6 (1.24)

Married .......................................... 64.8 (0.42) 30.5 (0.41) 46.4 (0.41) 65.4 (0.64)

Cohabiting ........................................ 45.8 (1.48) 30.4 (1.49) 48.9 (1.63) 60.2 (2.65)

Divorced or separated ................................. 50.4 (0.69) 26.4 (0.61) 41.8 (0.77) 56.2 (1.14)

Widowed ......................................... 56.2 (2.20) 21.9 (1.70) 42.1 (2.28) 58.2 (3.96)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 59.7 (0.71) 31.6 (0.83) 49.4 (0.76) 61.2 (1.15)

Midwest.......................................... 59.1 (0.63) 30.8 (0.63) 45.9 (0.60) 61.5 (0.93)

South ........................................... 63.2 (0.55) 26.1 (0.60) 43.7 (0.51) 61.9 (0.69)

West............................................ 66.7 (0.65) 32.0 (0.60) 49.4 (0.64) 65.6 (0.93)

Place of residence:9

MSA, central city .................................... 64.6 (0.52) 27.6 (0.57) 46.0 (0.51) 61.2 (0.83)

MSA, not central city.................................. 62.2 (0.45) 31.4 (0.44) 48.2 (0.42) 63.9 (0.61)

Not MSA ......................................... 58.7 (0.75) 26.9 (0.85) 42.5 (0.75) 60.6 (1.01)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

1Never smoked cigarettes or smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in lifetime.

2Engaged in light-moderate activity at least 5 times per week for at least 30 minutes each time, or engaged in vigorous activity at least 3 times per week for at least 20 minutes each time, or met either

one or both of these criteria.

3Healthy weight is defined as a BMI of greater than or equal to 18.5 and less than 25.

4Usual number of hours of sleep in a 24-hour period. Based on data from 2004 NHIS Sample Adult only.

5Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

6Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

7GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

8Poverty status for columns 1–3 is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003; poverty status for column 4 is based on 2003.

9MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. For crude

percentages, refer to Table XXI. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown health behavior characteristics. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 80 [ Series 10, No. 230

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National Center for Health Statistics.

2003.

28. Schoenborn CA, Adams PF, Barnes

PM, et al. Health behaviors of adults:

United States, 1999–2001. National

Center for Health Statistics. Vital

Health Stat 10(219). 2004.

29. National Center for Health Statistics.

Health, United States, 2005. With

Chartbook on Trends in the Health of

Americans. Hyattsville, MD. 2005.

30. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse

and Alcoholism. Highlights from the

Tenth Special Report to Congress.

Alcohol Research and Health

24(1):5–11. 2000.

31. National Center for Health Statistics.

2002 National Health Interview Survey

(NHIS). Public-Use Data Release.

NHIS Survey Description Document.

National Center for Health Statistics.

2003.

32. National Center for Health Statistics.

2003 National Health Interview Survey

(NHIS). Public-Use Data Release.

NHIS Survey Description Document.

National Center for Health Statistics.

2004.

33. National Center for Health Statistics.

2004 National Health Interview Survey

(NHIS). Public-Use Data Release.

NHIS Survey Description Document.

National Center for Health Statistics.

2005.

34. Barnes PM, Schoenborn CA. Physical

activity among adults: United States,

2000. Advance data from vital and

health statistics; no 333. Hyattsville,

MD. National Center for Health

Statistics. 2005.

35. Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM. Criteria for

definition of overweight in transition:

background and recommendations for

the United States. Am J Clin Nutr

72(5):1074–81. 2000.

36. Rowland M. Self-reported weight and

height Am J Clin Nutr 52 1125–33.

1990.
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37. Kuczmarski MF, Kuczmarski RJ, Najjar

M. Effects of age on validity of

self-reported height, weight, and body

mass index: findings from the Third

Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey, 1988–1994.J Am Diet Assoc

101(1):28–34. 2001.

38. ResearchTriangle Institute (2005).

SUDAAN (Release 9.0.1). [Computer

Software]. ResearchTriangle Park, NC.

Research

Triangle Institute.

39. Klein RJ, Schoenborn CA. Age

adjustment using the projected U.S.

population. Healthy People Statistical

Notes no 20. Hyattsville, MD. National

Center for Health Statistics. 2001.

40. Day JC. Population projections of the

United States by age, sex, race, and

Hispanic origin: 1995–2050. Current

Population Reports P25–1130. U.S.

Bureau of the Census.Washington:

U.S. Government Printing Office. 1996.

41. National Institutes of Health. National

Institute on Alcohol Abuse and

Alcoholism. 10th Special Report to the

U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health.

NIH Publication no. 00–1583.

Bethesda, MD. 2000.

42. U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services.

Tracking Healthy People

2010.Washington: U.S. Government

Printing Office. 2000.

43. Office of Management and Budget.

Revisions to the Standards for the

Classification of Federal Data on Race

and Ethnicity

. Federal Register

62(210):58782–90. 1997.

44. Proctor B, Dalaker J. Poverty in the

United States, 2001. P60–219. Washington: U.S. Census Bureau. 2002.

45. Proctor B, Dalaker J. Poverty in the

United States, 2002. P60–222. 2003. Washington: U.S. Census Bureau.

Current Population Reports.

46. DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor B, Mills R.

Income, poverty, and health insurance

coverage in the United States, 2003.

P60–226. 2004.Washington: U.S.

Census Bureau. Current Population

Reports.

47. U.S. Census Bureau.Available from:

http://www.census.gov/population/www/

estimates/aboutmetro.html

.
Page 82 [ Series 10, No. 230

Appendix I Table I. Completed interviews and response rates by year: National Health Interview Survey,

2002–04

Interviews and rates 2002 2003 2004

Completed interviews

Household ........................... 36,161 35,921 36,579

Family.............................. 36,831 36,573 37,466

Sample adult ......................... 31,044 30,852 31,326

Response rate

Household ........................... 89.6% 89.2% 86.9%

Sample adult ......................... 74.3% 74.2% 72.5%

Technical Notes on

Methods

Sample Design

The National Health Interview

Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional

household interview survey of the U.S.

civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Data are collected continuously

throughout the year in all 50 states and

the District of Columbia. NHIS uses a

multistage, clustered sample design to

produce national estimates for a variety

of health indicators. Information on

basic health topics is collected for all

household members, by proxy from one

family member for adults not present at

the time of interview and for children.

Additional information is collected for

one randomly sampled adult and one

randomly sampled child in each family.

Self-response is required for the Sample

Adult questionnaire except in the rare

case of sample adults who are

physically or mentally incapable of

responding for themselves. An adult

family member who is knowledgeable

about the sample child’s health provides

information for the child component.

Interviews are conducted in the home

using a computer-assisted personal

interview (CAPI) questionnaire.

Telephone followup is permitted if

subsequent in-home interviews cannot

be conducted.

Response Rates

The response rates for each of the

survey years included in this report are

shown in Table I. The household

response rate for the NHIS data years

2002–04 was 88.5%. The overall

response rate for the Sample Adult

questionnaire for 2002–04 combined

was 73.7%. Procedures used in

calculating response rates for combined

data years are described in detail in

Appendix I of the Survey Description of

the NHIS data files (31–33).

Item Nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the

sociodemographic indicators shown in

this report was less than 1%, with the

exception of the poverty threshold,

which is based on detailed family

income questions asked in the family

component of the questionnaire. Item

nonresponse for the poverty indicator

was 24.8%. Item nonresponse for the

health behavior items was less than 5%.

The denominators for statistics shown in

the tables exclude persons with

unknown health behavior characteristics

for a given table. Estimates for persons

with unknown sociodemographic

characteristics are not shown separately,

but these persons are included in the

totals.

Age Adjustment

Data shown in this report were age

adjusted using the 2000 standard U.S.

population (39,40). Age adjustment was

used to allow comparison among

various population subgroups that have

different age structures and to allow

comparison of changes over time. Age

adjustment is particularly important for

demographic characteristics such as race

and ethnicity, education, and marital

status. It is also helpful for other

characteristics. The following age

groups were used for age adjustment:

18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years

and over (Table II). These age groups

are identical to those used for

calculating estimates for the 1999–2001

report (28). Age-adjustment groups used

for calculating estimates for the

Table II. Age distribution used in age

adjusting data shown in chapters 3–8

Age

2000 U.S.

standard

population

(in 1,000s)

18 years and over ........

18–44 years ..........

45–64 years ..........

65 years and over ......

203,851

108,150

60,991

34,710

1997–98 reports differed slightly, which

complicates comparisons with these

earlier reports (24–27).

Estimates were calculated using

software for statistical analysis of

correlated data (SUDAAN) (38). The

SUDAAN procedure PROC DESCRIPT

was used to produce age-adjusted

percentages and their standard errors.
Series 10, No. 230

[ Page 83

Tests of Significance

Statistical tests performed to assess

significance of differences between the

estimates were two-tailed with no

adjustments for multiple comparisons.

The test statistic used to determine the

statistical significance of differences

between two percentages was Z = |Xa – Xb| , �Sa2 + Sb2

HereXa and

Xb are the two percentages

being compared, and

S

a and

S

b are the

standard errors of the percentages. The

critical value used for two-sided tests at

the 0.05 level was 1.96.

Relative Standard Error

Estimates witha relative standard

error greater than 30% are considered

unreliable. Estimates witha relative

standard error of greater than 30% and

less than or equal to 50% are indicated

in the tables with an asterisk (*).

Estimates witha standard error of

greater than 50% are not shown and are

replaced witha dagger (†). The relative

standard errors are calculated as

Relative standard error=(SE/Est)100,

where SE is the standard error of the

estimate, and Est is the estimate

(percentage, rate, mean, or frequency).
Page 84 [ Series 10, No. 230

Appendix II

Definitions of Selected

Terms

Definitions of Sociodemographic

Terms

Age—The age recorded for each

person is the age at the last birthday.

Hispanic or Latino origin and

race—Hispanic or Latino origin and

race are two separate and distinct

concepts. Persons of Hispanic or Latino

origin may be of any race. Hispanic or

Latino origin includes persons of

Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central

and South American, or Spanish origins.

All tables show Mexicans or Mexican

Americans as a subset of Hispanic or

Latino. Other groups are not shown for

reasons of confidentiality or statistical

reliability. (See definition of ‘‘race’’ for

additional detail.)

Race—The race categories are

consistent with the 1997 Office of

Management and Budget (OMB) federal

guidelines (43), which distinguish

persons of ‘‘one race’’ from persons of

‘‘two or more races.’’ The classification

includes subcategories for the following

single-race persons: white, black or

African American, American Indian or

Alaska Native, Asian, and Native

Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander. The

category ‘‘two or more races’’ refers to

persons who indicated more than one

race group. Data for multiple race

combinations can only be reported to

the extent that the estimates meet the

requirements for confidentiality and

statistical reliability. In this report, three

categories are shown for multiple race

individuals (a summary category, and

two multiple race categories: black or

African American and white; American

Indian and Alaska Native and white).

Other combinations are not shown

separately due to statistical unreliability

as measured by the relative standard

errors of the estimates (but they are

included in the total for ‘‘two or more

races’’). The text in this report uses

shorter versions of the new OMB race

and Hispanic origin terms for

conciseness and the tables use the

complete terms. For example, the

category ‘‘not Hispanic or Latino, black

or African American, single race’’ in the

tables is referred to as ‘‘non-Hispanic

black’’ in the text.

Education—The categories of

education are based on the years of

school completed or highest degree

obtained for persons aged 18 years and

over. Respondents were shown a flash

card to choose an appropriate category.

Only years completed in a school that

advances a person toward an elementary

or high school diploma, General

Educational Development high school

equivalency diploma (GED), or a

college, university, or professional

degree are included. Education in other

schools or home schooling is counted

only if the credits are accepted in a

regular school system.

Poverty status—Poverty status is

based on family income and family size

using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty

thresholds (44–46). Each adult’s poverty

status is expressed in terms of a ratio of

family income to the appropriate

poverty threshold. The lowest family

income group consists of persons living

below the poverty level (ratio less than

1.00). The highest group consists of

persons living in families with incomes

that were at least four times the poverty

level (ratio of 4.00 or more).

Marital status—Respondents were

asked to choose a marital status

category most appropriate for their

marital situation. Persons reporting their

marital status as ‘‘married’’ may, in

some cases, have been living in

commonlaw marital unions.

Alternatively, these individuals could

have identified their marital status as

‘‘living with partner.’’ Adults who were

living with a partner were considered to

be members of the same family (as if

married) and are categorized as

‘‘cohabiting’’ in this report. The

distinction between ‘‘married’’ and

‘‘living with partner’’ was made by the

respondent.

Geographic region—In the

geographic classification of the U.S.

population, states are grouped into the

four regions used by the U.S. Census

Bureau:

Region States included

Northeast Maine, Vermont, New

Hampshire, Massachusetts,

Connecticut, Rhode Island,

New York, New Jersey, and

Pennsylvania;

Midwest Ohio, Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, Wisconsin,

Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri,

North Dakota, South Dakota,

Kansas, and Nebraska;

South Delaware, Maryland, District

of Columbia, West Virginia,

Virginia, Kentucky,

Tennessee, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Georgia,

Florida, Alabama,

Mississippi, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, Arkansas, and

Texas;

West Washington, Oregon,

California, Nevada, New

Mexico, Arizona, Idaho,

Utah, Colorado, Montana,

Wyoming, Alaska, and

Hawaii.

MSA—Metropolitan statistical area,

a term first defined by OMB in 1983, is

used by the U.S. Census Bureau to

classify geographic areas (47). The

categories shown in this report are

(a) ‘‘MSA, central city,’’ which generally

refers to cities with populations of

50,000 or more; (b) ‘‘MSA, not central

city,’’ which refers to communities

adjacent to the central city of an MSA

that have a high degree of economic and

social integration with the central city;

and (c) ‘‘Not MSA,’’ which refers to

more rural areas of the country. The

classification of areas in the 2002–04

NHIS is based on data from the 1990

decennial census.

Definitions of Health Behavior

Terms

Alcohol use terms

Lifetime abstainer—Is an adult who

had fewer than 12 drinks in entire

lifetime.

Former infrequent drinker—Had 12

drinks or more in lifetime, but never as
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 85

many as 12 drinks in a single year and

has had no drinks in the past year.

Former regular drinker—Had 12

drinks or more in lifetime, 12 drinks or

more in 1 year, but no drinks in the past

year.

Current drinker—Had at least 12

drinks in lifetime and at least one drink

in the past year.

Current drinking levels—Were

based on self-reports of the average

frequency of alcohol consumption

during the past year (could be reported

in terms of days per week, per month,

or per year), and the number of drinks

the respondent drank on the days he or

she drank. Neither size nor type of

beverage consumed was specified. In

calculating current drinking levels, the

number of days the respondent drank

was converted from the time unit

initially reported (days per week, per

month, or per year) to number of days

per year. Then, average number of

drinks per week was calculated as

follows:

�

(# days per year) (# drink per day)D 7 365 days

Current drinkers had had at least 12

drinks in their lifetime and were

classified as:

Infrequent 1 to 11 drinks in the past

year.

Light: Three drinks or less per

week, on average.

Moderate: Men—More than 3 drinks

and up to 14 drinks per

week, on average.

Women—More than 3 drinks

and up to 7 drinks per week,

on average.

Heavier: Men—More than 14 drinks

per week, on average (more

than 2 per day);

Women—More than 7 drinks

per week, on average (more

than one per day.)

Nondrinker— Person who has not

had any drinks in the past year,

including former drinkers and lifetime

abstainers.

Five or more drinks in 1 day in the

past year—Current drinkers were asked

how many times in the past year they

had five or more alcoholic beverages in

1 day.

Cigarette smoking terms

Lifetime smoking status—Includes

both past smoking history and current

smoking practice.

Never smokers—Are adults who

never smoked a cigarette or who

smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in

their entire lifetime.

Former smokers—Are adults who

had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in

their lifetime, but said they currently did

not smoke.

Current smokers—Are adults who

had smoked 100 cigarettes in their

lifetime and currently smoked cigarettes

every day (daily) or some days

(nondaily).

Current smoking status—Is based

on the same criteria as lifetime smoking

status, but displayed somewhat

differently. Current smokers are

separated into two categories (daily and

nondaily), and never smokers and

former smokers are combined into a

single category (nonsmoker).

Daily smokers—Are adults who

currently smoked every day.

Nondaily smokers—Are adults who

currently smoked some days,

regardless of the number of days

smoked in the past 30 days.

Nonsmokers—Are adults who

currently did not smoke cigarettes,

including both former smokers and

never smokers.

Amount smoked—Adults who

smoked daily and those who smoked

less than daily were asked separate

questions about the usual number of

cigarettes smoked in a day. Daily

smokers were asked how many

cigarettes, on average, they usually

smoked a day. Nondaily smokers were

asked to report the usual number

smoked ‘‘on days that they smoked

during the past 30 days.’’ Smokers who

said they smoked ‘‘some days’’

(nondaily smokers), but who then said

they had not smoked in the past 30

days, were excluded from the analysis

of amount smoked.

Two indicators for amount smoked

are shown in this report. One measure is

the mean number of cigarettes smoked

on the days the respondent smoked. The

second is a percent distribution of usual

number of cigarettes smoked on those

days the respondent smoked. This

distribution is shown for the following

four categories: less than 15 cigarettes,

15–24 cigarettes, 25–34 cigarettes, and

35 cigarettes or more.

Quit attempt—All current smokers

were asked if they had stopped smoking

for more than 1 day in the past 12

months because they were trying to quit.

All current smokers (including nondaily

smokers) who said they had stopped for

at least 1 day because they were trying

to quit were classified as having

attempted to quit.

Leisure-time physical activity terms

All questions related to leisure-time

physical activity were phrased in terms

of current behavior and lack a specific

reference period. An introductory phrase

explained to respondents that they were

being asked about leisure-time physical

activities only. In this report, persons

who volunteered a response indicating

that they were ‘‘unable to do the

activity’’ were combined with those

saying they ‘‘never’’ engaged in the

activity.

Physically inactive—Refers to

persons who engaged in no light,

moderate, or vigorous leisure-time

physical activity lasting 10 minutes or

longer. Persons classified as physically

inactive may include individuals who

engaged in strengthening activities, but

no other type of physical activity.

At least some activity—Refers to

persons who engaged in at least some

light, moderate, or vigorous leisure-time

physical activity lasting 10 minutes or

longer. This includes all persons who

did any leisure-time activity lasting at

least 10 minutes, regardless of

frequency.

Light-moderate activity—Is activity

lasting at least 10 minutes that caused

light sweating or slight-moderate

increase in breathing or heart rate.

Vigorous activity—Is activity lasting

at least 10 minutes that caused heavy

sweating or large increases in breathing

or heart rate.
Page 86 [ Series 10, No. 230

Regular activity—Refers to

leisure-time activity engaged in for a

minimum specified duration and a

minimum specified frequency.

Regular light-moderate activity—Is

light-moderate activity that occurs

five or more times per week for at

least 30 minutes each time.

Regular vigorous activity—Is

vigorous activity that occurs three

or more times per week for at least

20 minutes each time.

Any regular activity—Is either

regular light-moderate, regular

vigorous, or both. It does not

include other combinations of

activity levels (e.g., vigorous

activity twice a week combined

with light-moderate activity three

times a week). The number of

individuals with such combinations

of activity is small.

Strengthening activity—Is any

physical activity designed specifically to

strengthen muscles, including, but not

limited to, weight lifting or calisthenics.

The reference period was unspecified,

and no information on duration was

collected. Strengthening activities may

overlap with light, moderate, or

vigorous activities. Respondents were

told to report such activities even if they

had included them in their previous

responses to light-moderate or vigorous

activities.

Body weight terms

Body mass index—Body mass index

was calculated from self-reported height

and weight. Height reported in U.S.

customary units (feet and inches) was

first converted to height in inches and

then to height in meters (1 meter =

39.37 inches). Weight reported in U.S.

customary units (pounds) was converted

to weight in kilograms (1 kilogram=

2.205 pounds). Thus,

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg/(m2), where:

kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds/2.205,

and m (meters) = height in inches/39.37.

Body weight status—Body weight

status refers to the entire spectrum of

body weight, including underweight,

healthy weight, overweight but not

obese, and obese. It is based on a BMI

calculated from self-reported height and

weight, without shoes.

Not overweight—This category

includes persons with a BMI of less

than 25 and includes both healthy

weight and underweight.

Underweight—Persons with a

BMI of less than 18.5 were

classified as underweight.

Healthy weight—Persons with a

BMI of at least 18.5 and less

than 25 were classified as in the

healthy weight range.

Overweight—Persons with a BMI

of 25 or more were classified as

overweight. This category includes

the following two subgroups:

Overweight (but not obese)—

Persons with a BMI of at least 25

and less than 30 were classified

as overweight, but not obese.

Obese—Persons with a BMI of

30 or more were classified as

obese.

Sleep—Adults were asked how

many hours of sleep they averaged in a

24-hour period. Responses were limited

to whole hours.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 87

Appendix III

Health Behavior Questions

The 2002–04 National Health

Interview Surveys’ Sample Adult

questionnaires contained selected

questions on health behaviors shown

below. Each question is preceded by

its question number, beginning with

the acronym ‘‘AHB.’’ AHB represents

the Adult Health Behavior section

of the Sample Adult questionnaire.

The complete NHIS Sample Adult

questionnaire, as well as information

about other components of

the NHIS, is available from:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.

Many of the references cited in this report

are also available from the NCHS website

at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs.

Alcohol Use Questions

AHB.140 In any ONE year, have you

had at least 12 drinks of any

type of alcoholic beverage?

{Asked of all adults.}

AHB.150 In your ENTIRE LIFE, have

you had at least 12 drinks of

any type of alcoholic

beverage? {Asked of adults

who never had at least 12

drinks in any one year.}

AHB.160 In the PAST YEAR, how

often did you drink any type

of alcoholic beverage?

{Days per week/month/

year}{Asked of adults who

ever had 12 drinks of

alcohol in their lifetime.}

AHB.170 In the PAST YEAR, on

those days that you drank

alcoholic beverages, on the

average, how many drinks

did you have? {Asked of

current drinkers.}

AHB.180 In the PAST YEAR, on how

many days did you have 5

or more drinks of any

alcoholic beverage?

{Asked of all current

drinkers.}

Cigarette Smoking Questions

AHB.010 Have you smoked at least

100 cigarettes in your

ENTIRE LIFE? {Asked of

all adults.}

AHB.020 How old were you when you

FIRST started to smoke

fairly regularly? (Asked of

adults who had smoked at

least 100 cigarettes in

lifetime.)

AHB.030 Do you NOW smoke every

day, some days, or not at

all? {Asked of adults who

had smoked at least 100

cigarettes in lifetime.}

AHB.040 How long has it been since

you quit smoking cigarettes?

(Asked of former smokers)

AHB.050 On the average, how many

cigarettes do you now smoke

a day? {Asked of adults who

smoked every day (daily

smokers).}

AHB.060 On how many of the past 30

days did you smoke a

cigarette? {Asked of adults

who smoked only some days

(nondaily smokers).}

AHB.070 On the average, when you

smoked during the PAST 30

DAYS, about how many

cigarettes did you smoke a

day? {Asked of nondaily

smokers who smoked at

least one day in the past 30

days.}

AHB.080 During the PAST 12

MONTHS, have you stopped

smoking for more than one

day BECAUSE YOU WERE

TRYING TO QUIT

SMOKING? {Asked of all

current smokers.}

Leisure-time Physical Activity

Questions

The following introductory phrase

was read to the respondent by the

interviewer immediately before asking

the physical activity questions:

The next questions are about

physical activities (exercise, sports,

physically active hobbies. . .) that you

may do in your LEISURE time.

AHB.090 How often do you do

VIGOROUS activities for

AT LEAST 10 MINUTES

that cause HEAVY sweating

or LARGE increases in

breathing or heart rate?

{Asked of all adults.}

AHB.100 About how long do you do

these vigorous activities each

time? {Asked of adults who

reported any vigorous

activity.}

AHB.110 How often do you do

LIGHT OR MODERATE

activities for AT LEAST 10

MINUTES that cause ONLY

LIGHT sweating or a

SLIGHT TO MODERATE

increase in breathing or heart

rate? {Asked of all adults.}

AHB.120 About how long do you do

these light or moderate

activities each time? {Asked

of adults who reported any

light-moderate activity.}

AHB.130 How often do you do

physical activities

specifically designed to

STRENGTHEN your

muscles such as lifting

weights or doing

calisthenics? (Include all

such activities even if you

mentioned them before.)

{Asked of all adults.}

Body Weight and Height

Questions

AHB.190 How tall are you without

shoes? {Asked of all adults.}

AHB.200 How much do you weigh

without shoes? {Asked of all

adults.}

Sleep Question

AHB.210 On average, how many

hours of sleep do you get in

a 24-hour period? {Asked of

all adults.}
Page 88 [ Series 10, No. 230

Appendix IV

Tables of Unadjusted Estimates

Table III. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Lifetime alcohol drinking status1

Lifetime Former Former

Selected characteristic Total abstainer infrequent regular Current

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 24.0 (0.31) 8.1 (0.13) 6.6 (0.11) 61.6 (0.33)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 24.2 (0.31) 8.1 (0.13) 6.6 (0.12) 61.4 (0.33)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 35.2 (0.80) 2.4 (0.18) 2.2 (0.17) 60.7 (0.80)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 19.9 (0.35) 6.2 (0.16) 4.6 (0.15) 69.5 (0.40)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 20.3 (0.38) 10.1 (0.23) 8.0 (0.21) 61.8 (0.42)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 28.7 (0.67) 12.8 (0.43) 11.4 (0.39) 47.4 (0.71)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 35.8 (0.67) 13.8 (0.46) 13.3 (0.45) 37.3 (0.73)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 21.1 (0.33) 7.9 (0.15) 6.9 (0.13) 64.3 (0.37)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 35.7 (0.71) 10.1 (0.36) 5.9 (0.28) 48.7 (0.72)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 23.6 (3.61) 9.8 (1.58) 11.3 (1.78) 55.9 (3.66)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 47.8 (1.26) 4.8 (0.48) 2.5 (0.36) 45.3 (1.24)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 28.0 (4.96) *5.4 (2.54) † 61.0 (5.64)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 19.5 (1.34) 9.7 (1.04) 8.5 (0.96) 62.6 (1.71)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 28.2 (4.69) *7.7 (2.33) *5.2 (1.70) 59.6 (4.70)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 16.8 (2.02) 10.0 (1.46) 11.0 (1.73) 62.3 (2.65)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 36.4 (0.58) 6.5 (0.23) 5.0 (0.22) 52.5 (0.58)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 37.0 (0.72) 6.7 (0.31) 5.0 (0.31) 51.7 (0.71)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 22.3 (0.33) 8.3 (0.15) 6.8 (0.13) 62.8 (0.35)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 19.1 (0.36) 8.2 (0.16) 7.1 (0.14) 65.9 (0.40)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 35.8 (0.71) 10.1 (0.36) 6.0 (0.28) 48.5 (0.71)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 38.1 (0.49) 10.7 (0.31) 9.1 (0.29) 42.6 (0.49)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 20.7 (1.06) 10.3 (0.75) 10.3 (0.75) 59.1 (1.24)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 26.6 (0.49) 9.3 (0.24) 7.2 (0.20) 57.3 (0.47)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 21.9 (0.46) 7.5 (0.25) 6.1 (0.22) 64.8 (0.52)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 18.1 (0.59) 8.2 (0.35) 6.1 (0.29) 67.8 (0.64)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 15.6 (0.41) 5.4 (0.21) 4.3 (0.20) 74.8 (0.50)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 14.8 (0.49) 4.8 (0.27) 5.3 (0.32) 75.2 (0.63)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 35.2 (0.90) 9.1 (0.36) 7.9 (0.35) 48.1 (0.86)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 31.6 (0.56) 9.7 (0.31) 8.4 (0.28) 50.6 (0.55)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 22.1 (0.37) 9.1 (0.25) 7.1 (0.23) 61.9 (0.44)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 13.5 (0.31) 5.9 (0.17) 5.0 (0.16) 75.7 (0.37)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 30.3 (0.59) 4.1 (0.17) 3.3 (0.14) 62.7 (0.61)

Married ................................... 100.0 22.2 (0.35) 8.8 (0.17) 6.9 (0.16) 62.2 (0.40)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 13.3 (0.60) 6.0 (0.37) 6.5 (0.41) 74.5 (0.82)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 18.9 (0.44) 9.4 (0.28) 8.6 (0.30) 63.3 (0.55)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 38.4 (0.78) 13.7 (0.45) 10.7 (0.38) 37.4 (0.70)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 18.3 (0.44) 7.4 (0.27) 6.3 (0.22) 68.2 (0.54)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 18.4 (0.73) 8.5 (0.23) 7.2 (0.23) 66.3 (0.78)

South .................................... 100.0 29.7 (0.53) 9.0 (0.27) 6.4 (0.20) 55.1 (0.53)

West .................................... 100.0 25.7 (0.59) 6.7 (0.19) 6.5 (0.28) 61.3 (0.65)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 26.0 (0.59) 7.9 (0.21) 5.8 (0.17) 60.5 (0.61)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 21.6 (0.31) 7.5 (0.17) 6.3 (0.15) 64.8 (0.36)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 27.3 (0.92) 9.7 (0.33) 8.5 (0.34) 54.8 (0.92)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 89

Table III. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Lifetime alcohol drinking status1

Lifetime Former Former

Selected characteristic Total abstainer infrequent regular Current

Men Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 16.9 (0.34) 7.0 (0.16) 7.9 (0.16) 68.4 (0.36)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 17.0 (0.34) 7.1 (0.16) 8.1 (0.17) 67.9 (0.36)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 30.4 (0.96) 1.7 (0.23) 2.0 (0.26) 66.4 (0.97)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 14.4 (0.41) 4.9 (0.20) 4.7 (0.21) 76.1 (0.49)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 13.8 (0.41) 9.3 (0.32) 10.3 (0.31) 66.9 (0.52)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 16.7 (0.74) 11.7 (0.62) 15.7 (0.66) 56.3 (0.96)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 20.1 (0.84) 14.4 (0.78) 19.0 (0.83) 46.7 (1.08)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 14.8 (0.36) 6.8 (0.18) 8.2 (0.19) 70.4 (0.41)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 26.3 (0.82) 9.4 (0.52) 7.5 (0.46) 57.2 (0.85)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 19.9 (3.86) 9.5 (2.11) 13.6 (2.47) 58.4 (4.52)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 35.3 (1.85) 5.3 (0.71) 3.1 (0.58) 56.8 (1.84)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 *13.6 (4.46) † † 73.3 (7.22)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 16.1 (2.13) 8.0 (1.42) 9.5 (1.50) 66.8 (2.54)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 *21.3 (6.51) † *9.3 (3.73) 63.4 (7.42)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 12.0 (2.88) 9.4 (2.38) 11.6 (2.50) 67.1 (3.80)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 22.7 (0.73) 5.3 (0.30) 6.2 (0.32) 66.1 (0.77)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 22.7 (0.91) 5.5 (0.38) 6.2 (0.42) 66.1 (0.92)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 16.1 (0.36) 7.3 (0.18) 8.2 (0.18) 68.7 (0.39)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 13.7 (0.38) 7.0 (0.19) 8.5 (0.20) 71.1 (0.43)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 26.5 (0.82) 9.5 (0.53) 7.5 (0.46) 56.8 (0.85)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 24.6 (0.64) 9.2 (0.43) 11.4 (0.44) 55.2 (0.71)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 14.4 (1.36) 8.5 (0.95) 12.6 (1.17) 65.1 (1.77)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 18.2 (0.56) 7.9 (0.33) 8.8 (0.33) 65.4 (0.60)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 16.4 (0.61) 6.5 (0.35) 7.4 (0.35) 70.0 (0.72)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 12.1 (0.68) 7.1 (0.52) 7.5 (0.48) 73.4 (0.91)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 12.2 (0.54) 5.1 (0.30) 4.5 (0.29) 78.3 (0.69)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 12.6 (0.62) 4.7 (0.37) 5.4 (0.43) 77.3 (0.86)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 23.8 (1.12) 7.7 (0.56) 10.0 (0.61) 59.0 (1.12)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 21.9 (0.76) 8.5 (0.45) 10.3 (0.50) 59.7 (0.80)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 16.3 (0.46) 8.2 (0.33) 8.6 (0.35) 67.1 (0.57)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 10.1 (0.38) 5.5 (0.23) 5.7 (0.23) 78.8 (0.48)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 25.6 (0.69) 3.7 (0.24) 3.6 (0.20) 67.5 (0.71)

Married ................................... 100.0 15.5 (0.40) 8.2 (0.22) 8.7 (0.23) 67.8 (0.46)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 8.3 (0.70) 4.9 (0.52) 7.1 (0.63) 79.9 (1.07)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 10.4 (0.49) 7.4 (0.40) 11.4 (0.52) 71.2 (0.74)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 18.5 (1.14) 12.4 (0.92) 17.3 (1.05) 52.2 (1.32)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 12.7 (0.52) 6.0 (0.30) 7.4 (0.33) 74.1 (0.62)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 12.8 (0.70) 6.8 (0.27) 8.5 (0.30) 72.2 (0.78)

South .................................... 100.0 20.9 (0.60) 8.4 (0.33) 7.9 (0.28) 63.0 (0.61)

West .................................... 100.0 18.5 (0.74) 5.7 (0.28) 7.7 (0.42) 68.4 (0.80)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 18.1 (0.61) 6.9 (0.27) 6.8 (0.26) 68.4 (0.65)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 15.6 (0.37) 6.6 (0.20) 7.5 (0.21) 70.5 (0.44)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 18.7 (0.95) 8.3 (0.44) 10.7 (0.51) 62.7 (0.95)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 30.5 (0.36) 9.1 (0.17) 5.4 (0.14) 55.3 (0.38)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 30.4 (0.37) 8.9 (0.17) 5.4 (0.14) 55.5 (0.39)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 40.1 (1.01) 3.1 (0.26) 2.4 (0.24) 54.9 (1.00)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 25.2 (0.44) 7.4 (0.23) 4.5 (0.19) 63.0 (0.48)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 26.4 (0.50) 10.8 (0.30) 5.8 (0.22) 57.2 (0.53)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 38.6 (0.89) 13.7 (0.55) 7.9 (0.44) 40.1 (0.88)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 45.8 (0.86) 13.5 (0.52) 9.7 (0.48) 31.2 (0.84)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 90 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table III. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Lifetime alcohol drinking status1

Lifetime Former Former

Selected characteristic Total abstainer infrequent regular Current

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 26.9 (0.40) 9.0 (0.19) 5.7 (0.16) 58.7 (0.45)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 43.0 (0.93) 10.6 (0.44) 4.7 (0.30) 42.0 (0.89)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 27.1 (4.74) 10.1 (2.02) 9.1 (2.06) 53.4 (4.35)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 60.6 (1.48) 4.2 (0.56) 1.9 (0.43) 33.4 (1.37)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 49.0 (8.18) † † 43.1 (7.95)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 22.4 (1.80) 11.1 (1.49) 7.7 (1.30) 59.1 (2.50)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 33.0 (6.32) *8.1 (2.99) *2.5 (1.17) 56.9 (5.76)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 20.4 (2.81) 10.5 (2.01) 10.6 (2.16) 58.7 (3.69)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 50.2 (0.77) 7.6 (0.38) 3.8 (0.25) 38.7 (0.78)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 52.3 (0.99) 8.0 (0.51) 3.8 (0.34) 36.2 (0.96)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 27.9 (0.39) 9.2 (0.19) 5.6 (0.15) 57.4 (0.41)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 24.0 (0.43) 9.2 (0.21) 5.9 (0.17) 61.1 (0.48)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 43.1 (0.94) 10.7 (0.44) 4.7 (0.31) 41.9 (0.89)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 50.5 (0.69) 12.1 (0.42) 6.9 (0.34) 30.8 (0.61)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 27.4 (1.49) 12.3 (1.10) 7.8 (0.84) 52.8 (1.65)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 33.9 (0.59) 10.6 (0.32) 5.7 (0.24) 50.1 (0.60)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 26.7 (0.61) 8.4 (0.33) 4.9 (0.25) 60.3 (0.65)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 22.7 (0.80) 9.1 (0.48) 5.0 (0.37) 63.4 (0.86)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 18.8 (0.52) 5.7 (0.30) 4.0 (0.27) 71.6 (0.62)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 17.5 (0.72) 4.8 (0.39) 5.2 (0.44) 72.5 (0.83)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 43.0 (0.97) 10.1 (0.44) 6.5 (0.36) 40.7 (0.97)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 39.3 (0.69) 10.6 (0.39) 6.9 (0.34) 43.3 (0.66)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 27.8 (0.49) 10.1 (0.34) 5.5 (0.26) 56.9 (0.55)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 17.2 (0.45) 6.4 (0.26) 4.3 (0.23) 72.3 (0.52)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 35.9 (0.80) 4.6 (0.24) 2.9 (0.19) 56.9 (0.81)

Married ................................... 100.0 29.0 (0.42) 9.4 (0.22) 5.2 (0.18) 56.6 (0.48)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 18.3 (0.92) 7.0 (0.54) 5.9 (0.55) 69.2 (1.08)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 24.6 (0.59) 10.8 (0.40) 6.8 (0.32) 58.0 (0.70)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 42.9 (0.85) 13.9 (0.49) 9.3 (0.39) 34.1 (0.76)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 23.2 (0.62) 8.6 (0.39) 5.4 (0.30) 63.1 (0.72)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 23.5 (0.84) 10.0 (0.35) 6.0 (0.30) 60.8 (0.90)

South .................................... 100.0 37.8 (0.61) 9.5 (0.31) 5.1 (0.25) 47.8 (0.61)

West .................................... 100.0 32.5 (0.71) 7.6 (0.28) 5.4 (0.25) 54.6 (0.76)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 33.0 (0.72) 8.8 (0.31) 4.9 (0.21) 53.4 (0.74)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 27.2 (0.38) 8.4 (0.23) 5.2 (0.19) 59.3 (0.42)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 35.1 (1.06) 11.0 (0.37) 6.6 (0.38) 47.7 (1.07)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Lifetime alcohol drinking status: Lifetime abstainer is less than 12 drinks in lifetime; former infrequent is at least 12 drinks in lifetime but less than 12 drinks in 1 year, and none in past year; former

regular is at least 12 drinks in lifetime and at least 12 drinks in 1 year but none in past year; current is at least 12 drinks in lifetime and 1 or more drinks in past year.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

3Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 3.1. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown lifetime drinking status. See Appendix II for definitions of

terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 91

Table IV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Current alcohol drinking status1

Selected characteristic Total Nondrinker Infrequent Light Moderate Heavier

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 38.4 (0.33) 13.2 (0.16) 29.0 (0.22) 14.2 (0.18) 4.7 (0.10)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 38.6 (0.33) 13.2 (0.16) 29.0 (0.22) 14.2 (0.18) 4.7 (0.10)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 39.3 (0.80) 9.9 (0.38) 29.7 (0.58) 14.1 (0.49) 6.6 (0.42)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 30.5 (0.40) 14.4 (0.23) 34.6 (0.34) 15.4 (0.25) 4.8 (0.14)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 38.2 (0.42) 14.4 (0.25) 27.8 (0.33) 14.5 (0.28) 4.9 (0.15)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 52.6 (0.71) 11.6 (0.39) 19.7 (0.56) 12.1 (0.42) 3.6 (0.22)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 62.7 (0.73) 10.4 (0.38) 14.9 (0.46) 9.6 (0.45) 2.1 (0.18)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 35.7 (0.37) 13.2 (0.18) 30.2 (0.26) 15.5 (0.21) 5.1 (0.12)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 51.3 (0.72) 13.5 (0.46) 22.4 (0.57) 9.0 (0.32) 3.4 (0.21)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 44.1 (3.66) 12.1 (1.90) 26.0 (2.39) 11.6 (1.80) 5.3 (1.01)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 54.7 (1.24) 11.9 (0.60) 24.4 (1.09) 7.3 (0.58) 1.4 (0.26)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 39.0 (5.64) 11.9 (2.99) 31.1 (5.57) 9.2 (2.50) †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 37.4 (1.71) 16.9 (1.22) 28.2 (1.46) 11.9 (1.12) 5.2 (0.75)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 40.4 (4.70) 10.1 (2.70) 30.8 (4.15) *10.2 (3.07) *7.7 (2.42)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 37.7 (2.65) 19.9 (2.15) 25.3 (2.26) 11.5 (1.81) 5.5 (1.37)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 47.5 (0.58) 12.4 (0.36) 26.2 (0.44) 10.5 (0.32) 3.0 (0.18)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 48.3 (0.71) 11.8 (0.45) 25.1 (0.54) 11.0 (0.39) 3.3 (0.23)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 37.2 (0.35) 13.4 (0.18) 29.4 (0.24) 14.7 (0.20) 5.0 (0.11)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 34.1 (0.40) 13.4 (0.20) 30.8 (0.27) 16.0 (0.23) 5.4 (0.12)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 51.5 (0.71) 13.4 (0.45) 22.3 (0.57) 9.0 (0.31) 3.4 (0.22)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 57.4 (0.49) 10.8 (0.32) 17.9 (0.37) 9.1 (0.27) 4.2 (0.19)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 40.9 (1.24) 14.8 (0.94) 24.4 (0.98) 12.3 (0.75) 7.1 (0.61)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 42.7 (0.47) 14.2 (0.29) 25.3 (0.35) 12.7 (0.30) 4.7 (0.16)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 35.2 (0.52) 13.9 (0.31) 30.6 (0.46) 14.4 (0.37) 5.7 (0.25)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 32.2 (0.64) 15.5 (0.47) 32.5 (0.60) 14.7 (0.45) 4.9 (0.31)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 25.2 (0.50) 12.6 (0.32) 38.0 (0.49) 19.2 (0.41) 4.9 (0.21)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 24.8 (0.63) 12.0 (0.45) 40.3 (0.70) 19.8 (0.53) 3.0 (0.23)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 51.9 (0.86) 11.6 (0.39) 20.6 (0.57) 9.7 (0.43) 5.8 (0.41)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 49.4 (0.55) 13.4 (0.37) 22.7 (0.41) 10.0 (0.36) 4.2 (0.19)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 38.1 (0.44) 14.7 (0.29) 28.9 (0.38) 13.3 (0.29) 4.8 (0.16)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 24.3 (0.37) 13.3 (0.25) 37.3 (0.36) 19.4 (0.32) 5.6 (0.19)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 37.3 (0.61) 10.2 (0.30) 29.7 (0.47) 15.8 (0.39) 6.6 (0.29)

Married ................................... 100.0 37.8 (0.40) 14.1 (0.21) 30.0 (0.29) 14.2 (0.22) 3.7 (0.11)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 25.5 (0.82) 12.7 (0.57) 34.2 (0.84) 18.6 (0.66) 8.7 (0.46)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 36.7 (0.55) 14.9 (0.38) 28.1 (0.48) 14.0 (0.32) 6.0 (0.23)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 62.6 (0.70) 12.5 (0.43) 15.2 (0.47) 6.8 (0.31) 2.6 (0.18)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 31.8 (0.54) 14.3 (0.39) 33.1 (0.52) 16.1 (0.40) 4.5 (0.17)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 33.7 (0.78) 13.7 (0.31) 32.1 (0.48) 15.1 (0.39) 5.1 (0.20)

South .................................... 100.0 44.9 (0.53) 12.9 (0.27) 24.8 (0.32) 12.4 (0.30) 4.7 (0.17)

West .................................... 100.0 38.7 (0.65) 12.4 (0.35) 29.1 (0.46) 14.8 (0.37) 4.8 (0.26)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 39.5 (0.61) 12.7 (0.27) 28.9 (0.40) 13.9 (0.31) 4.7 (0.18)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 35.2 (0.36) 13.5 (0.21) 31.2 (0.28) 15.1 (0.24) 4.7 (0.14)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 45.2 (0.92) 13.4 (0.42) 23.7 (0.51) 12.4 (0.38) 4.8 (0.21)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 31.6 (0.36) 9.9 (0.19) 30.7 (0.28) 21.9 (0.29) 5.6 (0.16)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 32.1 (0.36) 9.9 (0.19) 30.4 (0.28) 21.8 (0.29) 5.6 (0.16)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 33.6 (0.97) 7.5 (0.50) 29.2 (0.87) 21.5 (0.82) 7.7 (0.63)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 23.9 (0.49) 10.1 (0.30) 36.3 (0.46) 23.6 (0.40) 5.9 (0.21)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 33.1 (0.52) 10.6 (0.33) 28.7 (0.47) 21.8 (0.47) 5.5 (0.23)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 43.7 (0.96) 10.2 (0.58) 22.7 (0.80) 18.7 (0.69) 4.2 (0.35)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 53.3 (1.08) 9.7 (0.64) 18.3 (0.89) 16.3 (0.82) 2.0 (0.26)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 92 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table IV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Current alcohol drinking status1

Selected characteristic Total Nondrinker Infrequent Light Moderate Heavier

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 29.6 (0.41) 9.7 (0.21) 31.2 (0.32) 23.3 (0.34) 5.9 (0.18)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 42.8 (0.85) 10.5 (0.59) 25.8 (0.83) 16.0 (0.65) 4.5 (0.37)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 41.6 (4.52) 8.6 (2.49) 21.5 (2.98) 20.3 (3.27) 6.6 (1.63)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 43.2 (1.84) 12.2 (1.02) 30.1 (1.60) 12.0 (1.08) 2.1 (0.49)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 26.7 (7.22) *9.7 (3.39) 39.5 (7.96) 13.7 (3.90) †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 33.2 (2.54) 13.0 (1.72) 26.0 (2.18) 20.5 (2.04) 6.9 (1.31)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 36.6 (7.42) † 33.2 (7.40) *20.0 (6.48) †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 32.9 (3.80) 13.8 (2.75) 22.9 (3.50) 20.5 (3.32) 9.8 (2.91)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 33.9 (0.77) 9.8 (0.49) 33.5 (0.68) 18.1 (0.54) 4.3 (0.32)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 33.9 (0.92) 9.5 (0.57) 32.2 (0.84) 19.0 (0.65) 4.9 (0.41)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 31.3 (0.39) 9.9 (0.21) 30.2 (0.30) 22.5 (0.32) 5.8 (0.17)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 28.9 (0.43) 9.7 (0.23) 31.0 (0.35) 24.0 (0.37) 6.1 (0.19)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 43.2 (0.85) 10.4 (0.57) 25.7 (0.83) 15.8 (0.64) 4.6 (0.38)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 44.8 (0.71) 9.3 (0.47) 23.2 (0.59) 15.9 (0.51) 6.3 (0.35)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 34.9 (1.77) 11.6 (1.32) 25.5 (1.51) 17.7 (1.23) 9.6 (0.96)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 34.6 (0.60) 10.7 (0.37) 27.5 (0.55) 20.7 (0.50) 6.1 (0.27)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 30.0 (0.72) 10.0 (0.41) 30.9 (0.70) 22.4 (0.64) 6.4 (0.39)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 26.6 (0.91) 10.6 (0.63) 33.4 (0.99) 23.3 (0.88) 6.0 (0.54)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 21.7 (0.69) 9.0 (0.40) 37.2 (0.69) 27.3 (0.70) 4.6 (0.30)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 22.7 (0.86) 9.1 (0.60) 39.9 (1.01) 26.0 (0.89) 2.2 (0.26)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 41.0 (1.12) 8.7 (0.60) 24.3 (0.92) 16.7 (0.80) 8.9 (0.75)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 40.3 (0.80) 10.1 (0.51) 25.6 (0.67) 17.5 (0.69) 6.1 (0.35)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 32.9 (0.57) 10.9 (0.38) 29.2 (0.55) 20.6 (0.47) 6.2 (0.29)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 21.2 (0.48) 9.7 (0.30) 36.4 (0.51) 27.1 (0.50) 5.5 (0.26)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 32.5 (0.71) 7.6 (0.37) 29.2 (0.65) 22.8 (0.62) 7.5 (0.41)

Married ................................... 100.0 32.2 (0.46) 11.0 (0.26) 31.7 (0.37) 20.8 (0.34) 4.1 (0.17)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 20.1 (1.07) 9.3 (0.68) 32.3 (1.14) 27.9 (1.05) 10.1 (0.71)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 28.8 (0.74) 8.8 (0.47) 28.4 (0.71) 24.9 (0.66) 8.7 (0.43)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 47.8 (1.32) 9.9 (0.82) 20.1 (1.15) 16.9 (1.02) 4.8 (0.56)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 25.9 (0.62) 10.4 (0.43) 34.2 (0.66) 24.2 (0.58) 5.1 (0.30)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 27.8 (0.78) 10.1 (0.43) 32.0 (0.63) 23.6 (0.66) 6.1 (0.33)

South .................................... 100.0 37.0 (0.61) 9.9 (0.32) 27.7 (0.43) 19.3 (0.46) 5.8 (0.27)

West .................................... 100.0 31.6 (0.80) 9.1 (0.38) 31.2 (0.57) 22.6 (0.63) 5.1 (0.35)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 31.6 (0.65) 9.7 (0.32) 31.3 (0.55) 21.6 (0.49) 5.5 (0.28)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 29.5 (0.44) 9.9 (0.27) 32.4 (0.37) 22.6 (0.38) 5.3 (0.22)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 37.3 (0.95) 10.1 (0.49) 25.0 (0.63) 20.5 (0.65) 6.7 (0.36)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 44.7 (0.38) 16.3 (0.22) 27.5 (0.29) 7.2 (0.16) 4.0 (0.10)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 44.5 (0.39) 16.3 (0.22) 27.8 (0.29) 7.2 (0.16) 4.0 (0.11)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 45.1 (1.00) 12.2 (0.55) 30.1 (0.80) 6.7 (0.43) 5.5 (0.42)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 37.0 (0.48) 18.4 (0.33) 33.0 (0.42) 7.6 (0.25) 3.8 (0.16)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 42.8 (0.53) 17.9 (0.36) 27.0 (0.45) 7.7 (0.25) 4.3 (0.19)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 59.9 (0.88) 12.7 (0.55) 17.2 (0.71) 6.7 (0.44) 3.1 (0.29)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 68.8 (0.84) 10.8 (0.45) 12.7 (0.50) 5.3 (0.43) 2.1 (0.24)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 41.3 (0.45) 16.4 (0.25) 29.4 (0.35) 8.2 (0.19) 4.4 (0.12)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 58.0 (0.89) 15.8 (0.60) 19.7 (0.63) 3.6 (0.26) 2.5 (0.22)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 46.6 (4.35) 15.5 (2.54) 30.4 (3.68) *3.3 (0.98) 4.1 (1.14)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 66.6 (1.37) 11.6 (0.90) 18.7 (1.15) 2.5 (0.40) *0.6 (0.21)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 56.9 (7.95) *15.0 (5.47) *18.8 (5.95) † †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 40.9 (2.50) 20.2 (1.84) 30.0 (2.19) 4.8 (0.90) 3.8 (0.78)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 43.1 (5.76) 14.3 (4.17) 29.1 (4.70) † *9.6 (3.47)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 41.3 (3.69) 24.5 (3.17) 27.1 (3.15) *4.7 (1.47) *2.3 (0.74)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 93

Table IV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current alcohol drinking status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Current alcohol drinking status1

Selected characteristic Total Nondrinker Infrequent Light Moderate Heavier

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 61.3 (0.78) 15.0 (0.49) 18.8 (0.56) 2.9 (0.23) 1.7 (0.15)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 63.8 (0.96) 14.3 (0.62) 17.5 (0.70) 2.4 (0.24) 1.7 (0.21)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 42.6 (0.41) 16.5 (0.24) 28.7 (0.32) 7.8 (0.17) 4.2 (0.12)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 38.9 (0.48) 16.8 (0.27) 30.6 (0.38) 8.8 (0.20) 4.7 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 58.1 (0.89) 15.7 (0.60) 19.6 (0.65) 3.6 (0.26) 2.5 (0.22)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 69.2 (0.61) 12.2 (0.41) 13.0 (0.42) 2.9 (0.22) 2.3 (0.17)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 47.2 (1.65) 18.2 (1.23) 23.3 (1.39) 6.6 (0.83) 4.5 (0.66)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 49.9 (0.60) 17.3 (0.40) 23.3 (0.43) 5.7 (0.25) 3.5 (0.19)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 39.7 (0.65) 17.3 (0.45) 30.3 (0.60) 7.4 (0.32) 5.1 (0.26)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 36.6 (0.86) 19.4 (0.69) 31.8 (0.78) 8.0 (0.49) 4.0 (0.35)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 28.4 (0.62) 15.9 (0.49) 38.9 (0.63) 11.6 (0.47) 5.1 (0.28)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 27.5 (0.83) 15.6 (0.67) 40.8 (0.95) 12.1 (0.58) 4.0 (0.38)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 59.3 (0.97) 13.6 (0.53) 18.1 (0.66) 4.9 (0.33) 3.8 (0.33)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 56.7 (0.66) 15.9 (0.49) 20.4 (0.51) 4.2 (0.26) 2.7 (0.20)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 43.1 (0.55) 18.5 (0.40) 28.6 (0.43) 6.1 (0.26) 3.5 (0.17)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 27.7 (0.52) 17.1 (0.41) 38.2 (0.53) 11.2 (0.35) 5.7 (0.25)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 43.1 (0.81) 13.4 (0.47) 30.2 (0.66) 7.5 (0.33) 5.5 (0.34)

Married ................................... 100.0 43.4 (0.48) 17.2 (0.29) 28.2 (0.40) 7.5 (0.21) 3.4 (0.13)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 30.8 (1.08) 15.9 (0.89) 36.1 (1.13) 9.5 (0.78) 7.4 (0.62)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 42.0 (0.70) 18.9 (0.52) 27.8 (0.61) 6.8 (0.29) 4.3 (0.25)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 65.9 (0.76) 13.1 (0.47) 14.1 (0.48) 4.5 (0.28) 2.1 (0.19)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 36.9 (0.72) 17.6 (0.53) 32.1 (0.73) 9.0 (0.42) 4.0 (0.21)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 39.2 (0.90) 16.9 (0.40) 32.2 (0.65) 7.4 (0.31) 4.1 (0.22)

South .................................... 100.0 52.2 (0.61) 15.6 (0.37) 22.2 (0.41) 6.1 (0.26) 3.6 (0.16)

West .................................... 100.0 45.4 (0.76) 15.5 (0.47) 27.2 (0.62) 7.4 (0.29) 4.4 (0.27)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 46.6 (0.74) 15.3 (0.38) 26.7 (0.52) 7.1 (0.26) 4.1 (0.20)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 40.7 (0.42) 16.8 (0.29) 30.0 (0.40) 8.1 (0.23) 4.2 (0.16)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 52.3 (1.07) 16.4 (0.55) 22.5 (0.65) 5.3 (0.23) 3.2 (0.20)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Current alcohol drinking status: Nondrinker is defined as no drinks in the past year (includes both former drinkers and lifetime abstainers); infrequent is defined as at least 12 drinks in lifetime and

1–11 drinks in past year; light is defined as at least 12 drinks in lifetime, at least 12 drinks in the past year and 3 drinks or fewer per week, on average; moderate is defined as at least 12 drinks in

lifetime, at least 12 drinks in past year and more than 3 and up to 14 drinks per week for men and more than 3 and up to 7 drinks per week for women, on average; heavier is defined as at least 12

drinks in lifetime, at least 12 drinks in past year and more than 14 drinks per week for men and more than 7 drinks per week for women, on average.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 3.2. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown lifetime and unknown current drinking status. See Appendix

II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 94 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table V. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in

the past year, and crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in 1 day on at

least 12 days in the past year, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Five or more drinks in 1 day at least once Five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days

Selected characteristic Both sexes Men Women Both sexes Men Women

Percent of adults (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1

................

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ..........

19.6

19.7

(0.24)

(0.24)

28.5

28.1

(0.38)

(0.36)

11.5

11.8

(0.19)

(0.20)

9.0 (0.15)

9.1 (0.15)

14.8

14.6

(0.28)

(0.27)

3.7 (0.10)

3.8 (0.10)

Age

18–24 years ............................

25–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

32.0 (0.80)

26.3 (0.36)

14.4 (0.26)

5.4 (0.30)

1.8 (0.18)

41.3 (1.15)

37.3 (0.55)

22.0 (0.42)

9.4 (0.56)

3.7 (0.40)

22.9 (0.79)

15.8 (0.34)

7.3 (0.24)

2.2 (0.25)

0.5 (0.10)

17.2 (0.64)

11.5 (0.22)

6.3 (0.18)

2.7 (0.19)

0.8 (0.11)

25.2 (1.04)

18.7 (0.38)

10.8 (0.33)

5.1 (0.39)

1.8 (0.25)

9.3 (0.51)

4.6 (0.17)

2.3 (0.13)

0.8 (0.15)

*0.2 (0.07)

Race

White, single race .........................

Black or African American, single race ............

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .......

Asian, single race .........................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race. . .

2 or more races ..........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

21.0 (0.28)

11.6 (0.36)

24.4 (2.28)

8.6 (0.68)

30.0 (7.26)

22.3 (1.38)

25.1 (4.31)

21.8 (2.27)

30.0

19.0

31.3

14.1

40.8

32.4

37.0

32.3

(0.43)

(0.67)

(3.67)

(1.22)

(9.69)

(2.58)

(8.29)

(3.85)

12.6 (0.23)

5.9 (0.31)

17.7 (2.95)

3.0 (0.50)

†

14.0 (1.49)

16.7 (4.51)

13.7 (2.74)

9.5 (0.18)

5.9 (0.29)

14.0 (1.77)

3.5 (0.39)

*11.5 (5.55)

9.9 (1.07)

15.0 (3.29)

9.5 (1.74)

15.5 (0.31)

10.4 (0.54)

19.8 (2.87)

6.6 (0.74)

†

17.2 (1.99)

24.0 (5.87)

18.5 (3.45)

4.1 (0.12)

2.5 (0.23)

8.3 (1.60)

*0.4 (0.14)

†

3.9 (0.87)

*8.6 (3.79)

*2.7 (1.14)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican-American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

19.1

21.3

19.6

21.3

11.5

(0.42)

(0.53)

(0.26)

(0.30)

(0.36)

30.5

33.6

28.3

30.2

18.8

(0.72)

(0.88)

(0.41)

(0.46)

(0.67)

7.7 (0.32)

8.5 (0.45)

11.9 (0.21)

13.3 (0.25)

5.8 (0.31)

10.1 (0.31)

11.8 (0.42)

8.9 (0.17)

9.5 (0.19)

5.9 (0.28)

17.7

20.4

14.4

15.3

10.3

(0.56)

(0.73)

(0.31)

(0.34)

(0.54)

2.5 (0.21)

2.8 (0.30)

3.9 (0.11)

4.2 (0.13)

2.5 (0.24)

Education

Less than high school graduate ................

GED diploma3 ...........................

High school graduate .......................

Some college—no degree ....................

Associate of arts degree .....................

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ..............

15.3

24.6

18.2

22.8

21.1

23.0

16.0

(0.35)

(1.10)

(0.37)

(0.49)

(0.54)

(0.47)

(0.51)

25.0

33.1

28.1

32.2

32.1

31.4

20.3

(0.64)

(1.64)

(0.62)

(0.77)

(0.96)

(0.75)

(0.77)

6.3 (0.29)

15.7 (1.20)

9.5 (0.32)

14.5 (0.47)

12.7 (0.59)

15.3 (0.50)

10.7 (0.59)

8.7 (0.27)

13.7 (0.87)

9.2 (0.27)

10.8 (0.36)

9.3 (0.37)

8.4 (0.29)

4.7 (0.27)

15.2 (0.52)

20.5 (1.44)

16.0 (0.50)

17.5 (0.62)

16.2 (0.74)

13.0 (0.53)

6.9 (0.45)

2.7 (0.20)

6.6 (0.76)

3.3 (0.19)

5.1 (0.29)

4.0 (0.35)

4.2 (0.25)

2.0 (0.23)

Poverty status4

Below poverty level ........................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................

4 times poverty level or more ..................

19.5

17.8

20.9

24.3

(0.76)

(0.45)

(0.36)

(0.35)

30.6

27.4

29.4

33.2

(1.27)

(0.80)

(0.59)

(0.55)

12.1

10.2

12.6

14.9

(0.63)

(0.41)

(0.36)

(0.38)

11.3 (0.60)

9.0 (0.32)

10.1 (0.27)

9.7 (0.22)

20.1

15.9

16.3

15.0

(1.06)

(0.63)

(0.48)

(0.39)

5.4 (0.47)

3.6 (0.22)

4.0 (0.21)

4.1 (0.20)

Marital status

Never married ...........................

Married ...............................

Cohabiting .............................

Divorced or separated ......................

Widowed ..............................

30.2 (0.60)

16.4 (0.25)

33.5 (0.80)

19.8 (0.42)

3.5 (0.21)

39.2

23.4

43.5

32.7

10.5

(0.82)

(0.39)

(1.23)

(0.78)

(0.80)

19.8 (0.64)

9.4 (0.22)

24.0 (0.95)

11.3 (0.43)

2.0 (0.18)

16.1 (0.48)

6.5 (0.14)

17.5 (0.63)

9.8 (0.31)

1.7 (0.15)

23.0 (0.76)

10.5 (0.25)

26.5 (0.99)

19.1 (0.67)

5.8 (0.63)

8.0 (0.38)

2.5 (0.11)

8.9 (0.62)

3.7 (0.24)

0.8 (0.12)

Geographic region

Northeast ..............................

Midwest ...............................

South ................................

West .................................

19.6

24.0

16.5

19.9

(0.44)

(0.58)

(0.41)

(0.42)

28.2

33.8

24.7

29.4

(0.76)

(0.88)

(0.64)

(0.65)

12.2 (0.41)

15.0 (0.45)

8.9 (0.29)

11.0 (0.40)

8.4 (0.31)

11.0 (0.40)

8.3 (0.24)

8.5 (0.26)

13.8

17.9

13.8

13.9

(0.63)

(0.70)

(0.42)

(0.43)

3.8 (0.22)

4.7 (0.25)

3.2 (0.15)

3.5 (0.21)

Place of residence5

MSA, central city .........................

MSA, not central city .......................

Not MSA ..............................

20.2

19.6

18.7

(0.44)

(0.32)

(0.59)

29.6

28.2

27.9

(0.63)

(0.50)

(0.88)

11.9

11.6

10.5

(0.40)

(0.27)

(0.48)

9.7 (0.28)

8.5 (0.21)

9.5 (0.37)

15.6

14.0

16.1

(0.46)

(0.37)

(0.66)

4.5 (0.22)

3.3 (0.13)

3.7 (0.22)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 95

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

2Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 3.3. Question was asked only of current drinkers, but prevalence is shown here as percent of all adults. Denominator for each percentage

excludes persons with unknown lifetime drinking status and/or unknown 5 or more drinks in 1 day. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 96 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table VI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers 18 years of age and over who had five or more drinks in 1 day at

least once in the past year, and crude percentages (with standard errors) of current drinkers 18 years of age and over who had five or more

drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days in the past year, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Five or more drinks in 1 day at least once Five or more drinks in 1 day on at least 12 days

Selected characteristic Both sexes Men Women Both sexes Men Women

Percent of current drinkers (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1

................

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ..........

32.0

30.5

(0.33)

(0.30)

42.0

40.0

(0.45)

(0.42)

20.8

19.9

(0.32)

(0.30)

14.7

14.1

(0.23)

(0.21)

21.8

20.8

(0.37)

(0.34)

6.8 (0.18)

6.5 (0.17)

Age

18–24 years ............................

25–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

53.4 (0.96)

38.1 (0.44)

23.4 (0.40)

11.5 (0.60)

4.8 (0.47)

63.0 (1.26)

49.3 (0.61)

33.1 (0.60)

16.8 (0.93)

8.0 (0.83)

42.0 (1.16)

25.2 (0.51)

12.9 (0.40)

5.4 (0.61)

1.8 (0.33)

28.6 (0.92)

16.6 (0.29)

10.3 (0.28)

5.7 (0.40)

2.2 (0.29)

38.4 (1.34)

24.7 (0.47)

16.2 (0.48)

9.1 (0.66)

3.8 (0.53)

17.1 (0.87)

7.4 (0.27)

4.0 (0.23)

1.9 (0.37)

*0.7 (0.23)

Race

White, single race .........................

Black or African American, single race ............

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .......

Asian, single race .........................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race. . .

2 or more races ..........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

32.8

24.0

44.9

19.1

49.6

35.8

42.4

35.1

(0.36)

(0.65)

(3.33)

(1.33)

(9.78)

(2.07)

(6.53)

(3.32)

42.9 (0.50)

33.5 (1.06)

55.5 (4.96)

24.9 (1.92)

56.1 (11.21)

48.8 (3.28)

58.7 (11.28)

48.4 (5.10)

21.6 (0.36)

14.0 (0.70)

33.7 (4.75)

9.1 (1.48)

*33.7 (14.74)

23.7 (2.44)

29.6 (7.37)

23.5 (4.35)

14.9 (0.25)

12.3 (0.57)

25.7 (2.77)

7.9 (0.83)

*19.0 (8.53)

15.9 (1.70)

25.4 (5.25)

15.4 (2.73)

22.2

18.3

35.1

11.6

*17.6

25.9

38.1

27.7

(0.40)

(0.91)

(4.16)

(1.27)

(8.33)

(2.90)

(8.52)

(4.89)

7.0 (0.20)

6.0 (0.55)

15.8 (2.81)

*1.3 (0.41)

†

6.7 (1.47)

*15.3 (6.44)

*4.7 (1.96)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican-American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

36.6

41.7

31.5

32.6

23.9

(0.72)

(0.92)

(0.35)

(0.38)

(0.66)

46.5

51.3

41.4

42.8

33.4

(0.95)

(1.10)

(0.49)

(0.53)

(1.07)

19.8

23.5

20.9

21.8

13.9

(0.80)

(1.23)

(0.34)

(0.37)

(0.70)

19.4

23.1

14.2

14.5

12.3

(0.57)

(0.79)

(0.25)

(0.27)

(0.57)

27.0

31.1

21.2

21.7

18.2

(0.82)

(1.03)

(0.40)

(0.43)

(0.92)

6.5 (0.51)

7.8 (0.80)

6.8 (0.19)

7.0 (0.21)

6.0 (0.57)

Education

Less than high school graduate ................

GED diploma3 ...........................

High school graduate .......................

Some college—no degree ....................

Associate of arts degree .....................

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ..............

36.4

42.1

32.0

35.3

31.3

30.9

21.3

(0.71)

(1.62)

(0.58)

(0.67)

(0.73)

(0.57)

(0.66)

46.1

51.7

43.4

46.3

43.9

40.3

26.3

(0.98)

(2.16)

(0.81)

(0.92)

(1.18)

(0.86)

(0.95)

20.7

29.8

19.1

24.2

20.1

21.4

14.8

(0.88)

(2.04)

(0.60)

(0.74)

(0.88)

(0.67)

(0.79)

20.7 (0.61)

23.4 (1.38)

16.2 (0.44)

16.8 (0.53)

13.8 (0.53)

11.3 (0.38)

6.2 (0.36)

28.0 (0.90)

32.0 (2.07)

24.6 (0.70)

25.1 (0.82)

22.2 (0.96)

16.6 (0.65)

8.9 (0.58)

8.8 (0.63)

12.5 (1.40)

6.6 (0.37)

8.4 (0.46)

6.3 (0.54)

5.9 (0.34)

2.7 (0.32)

Poverty status4

Below poverty level ........................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................

4 times poverty level or more ..................

41.1

35.5

33.9

32.2

(1.21)

(0.75)

(0.51)

(0.43)

52.5

46.4

44.2

42.2

(1.67)

(1.11)

(0.75)

(0.62)

30.0

23.7

22.2

20.6

(1.27)

(0.87)

(0.61)

(0.50)

23.8

18.0

16.3

12.9

(1.07)

(0.58)

(0.41)

(0.29)

34.5

26.9

24.5

19.1

(1.55)

(0.96)

(0.66)

(0.47)

13.5 (1.06)

8.4 (0.50)

7.0 (0.36)

5.7 (0.28)

Marital status

Never married ...........................

Married ...............................

Cohabiting .............................

Divorced or separated ......................

Widowed ..............................

48.7 (0.72)

26.5 (0.36)

45.3 (0.94)

31.5 (0.61)

9.5 (0.57)

58.5

34.7

54.8

46.5

20.4

(0.91)

(0.52)

(1.32)

(0.97)

(1.51)

35.0 (0.94)

16.7 (0.38)

34.8 (1.25)

19.6 (0.69)

5.9 (0.51)

26.0 (0.68)

10.5 (0.22)

23.7 (0.81)

15.6 (0.47)

4.7 (0.41)

34.4

15.6

33.5

27.2

11.3

(1.00)

(0.36)

(1.15)

(0.91)

(1.21)

14.2 (0.64)

4.4 (0.19)

12.8 (0.89)

6.4 (0.41)

2.4 (0.34)

Geographic region

Northeast ..............................

Midwest ...............................

South ................................

West .................................

28.9

36.4

30.1

32.6

(0.56)

(0.68)

(0.63)

(0.64)

38.3

47.2

39.6

43.3

(0.91)

(0.93)

(0.84)

(0.88)

19.4

24.7

18.8

20.2

(0.59)

(0.70)

(0.56)

(0.71)

12.4

16.7

15.1

14.0

(0.45)

(0.52)

(0.39)

(0.43)

18.8

24.9

22.1

20.5

(0.83)

(0.84)

(0.59)

(0.61)

6.0 (0.34)

7.8 (0.40)

6.7 (0.30)

6.4 (0.38)

Place of residence5

MSA, central city .........................

MSA, not central city .......................

Not MSA ..............................

33.6

30.4

34.4

(0.59)

(0.44)

(0.83)

43.6

40.2

45.0

(0.75)

(0.61)

(1.08)

22.4

19.6

22.1

(0.66)

(0.42)

(0.88)

16.1

13.1

17.5

(0.42)

(0.30)

(0.59)

22.9

20.0

25.9

(0.61)

(0.50)

(0.89)

8.5 (0.39)

5.6 (0.22)

7.8 (0.46)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should beinterpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 97

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

2Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 3.4. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown lifetime drinking status, nondrinkers, and current drinkers with unknown

information for 5 or more drinks in 1 day. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 98 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table VII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual 2002–04

Lifetime cigarette smoking status1

Selected characteristic Total Never smoker Former smoker Current smoker

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2

............................ 100.0 56.4 (0.27) 21.9 (0.19) 21.6 (0.21)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ...................... 100.0 56.6 (0.26) 21.9 (0.17) 21.5 (0.21)

Age:

18–24 years ....................................... 100.0 67.5 (0.73) 7.2 (0.33) 25.3 (0.65)

25–44 years ....................................... 100.0 60.8 (0.38) 14.2 (0.24) 25.0 (0.32)

45–64 years ....................................... 100.0 49.3 (0.41) 28.4 (0.33) 22.4 (0.33)

65–74 years ....................................... 100.0 46.9 (0.62) 41.2 (0.56) 11.9 (0.39)

75 years and over ................................... 100.0 55.7 (0.62) 38.5 (0.61) 5.8 (0.30)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 100.0 54.2 (0.30) 23.8 (0.21) 22.0 (0.24)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 100.0 64.4 (0.57) 14.2 (0.37) 21.4 (0.57)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 100.0 46.1 (3.51) 18.9 (2.03) 34.9 (2.82)

Asian, single race.................................... 100.0 75.1 (0.95) 12.6 (0.79) 12.2 (0.72)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ............. 100.0 54.6 (7.71) 14.2 (3.85) 31.1 (6.86)

2 or more races ..................................... 100.0 48.3 (1.80) 20.6 (1.42) 31.1 (1.61)

Black or African American, white ......................... 100.0 58.6 (4.83) 10.1 (2.73) 31.2 (4.09)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 100.0 34.7 (2.27) 25.4 (1.96) 40.0 (2.58)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 100.0 70.4 (0.52) 13.6 (0.36) 16.0 (0.39)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 100.0 72.1 (0.63) 12.5 (0.44) 15.3 (0.47)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 100.0 54.5 (0.29) 23.1 (0.20) 22.4 (0.23)

White, single race .................................. 100.0 52.2 (0.32) 25.0 (0.22) 22.8 (0.26)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 100.0 64.4 (0.57) 14.3 (0.37) 21.4 (0.56)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 100.0 52.1 (0.54) 20.4 (0.35) 27.5 (0.49)

GED diploma4 ...................................... 100.0 32.8 (1.07) 23.9 (1.00) 43.3 (1.16)

High school graduate ................................. 100.0 52.3 (0.41) 22.3 (0.35) 25.4 (0.34)

Some college—no degree .............................. 100.0 56.0 (0.50) 21.6 (0.40) 22.4 (0.41)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 100.0 55.3 (0.69) 23.7 (0.57) 21.0 (0.52)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 100.0 66.3 (0.48) 21.4 (0.39) 12.2 (0.32)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 100.0 68.0 (0.59) 24.3 (0.59) 7.6 (0.31)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level................................... 100.0 55.1 (0.87) 14.1 (0.46) 30.8 (0.71)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 54.3 (0.53) 18.9 (0.39) 26.8 (0.46)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 53.6 (0.45) 22.5 (0.37) 23.9 (0.37)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 100.0 57.7 (0.39) 25.1 (0.28) 17.2 (0.29)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 100.0 65.6 (0.51) 9.7 (0.27) 24.7 (0.47)

Married .......................................... 100.0 57.0 (0.33) 25.5 (0.25) 17.6 (0.24)

Cohabiting ........................................ 100.0 42.2 (0.81) 17.7 (0.64) 40.1 (0.81)

Divorced or separated ................................. 100.0 44.4 (0.50) 22.2 (0.41) 33.4 (0.47)

Widowed ......................................... 100.0 55.9 (0.62) 31.0 (0.59) 13.1 (0.42)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 100.0 55.1 (0.59) 24.8 (0.41) 20.2 (0.48)

Midwest.......................................... 100.0 53.3 (0.54) 22.5 (0.38) 24.2 (0.41)

South ........................................... 100.0 56.7 (0.48) 20.3 (0.34) 23.0 (0.36)

West............................................ 100.0 61.0 (0.56) 21.6 (0.35) 17.4 (0.42)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city .................................... 100.0 59.3 (0.44) 19.3 (0.35) 21.4 (0.36)

MSA, not central city.................................. 100.0 56.6 (0.38) 23.3 (0.25) 20.0 (0.28)

Not MSA ......................................... 100.0 51.9 (0.61) 22.0 (0.48) 26.1 (0.53)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2

............................ 100.0 50.3 (0.35) 25.5 (0.27) 24.2 (0.28)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ...................... 100.0 50.0 (0.33) 26.2 (0.25) 23.8 (0.28)

Age:

18–24 years ....................................... 100.0 64.6 (1.00) 7.3 (0.49) 28.1 (0.92)

25–44 years ....................................... 100.0 57.7 (0.47) 14.5 (0.31) 27.8 (0.43)

45–64 years ....................................... 100.0 41.6 (0.55) 34.0 (0.49) 24.5 (0.48)

65–74 years ....................................... 100.0 33.6 (0.83) 53.5 (0.85) 12.9 (0.58)

75 years and over ................................... 100.0 37.8 (1.04) 55.9 (1.03) 6.3 (0.48)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 99

Table VII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual 2002–04—Con.

Lifetime cigarette smoking status1

Selected characteristic Total Never smoker Former smoker Current smoker

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 100.0 48.7 (0.39) 27.2 (0.30) 24.1 (0.32)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 100.0 56.7 (0.91) 17.6 (0.60) 25.7 (0.81)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 100.0 43.5 (4.38) 20.1 (2.84) 36.3 (3.54)

Asian, single race.................................... 100.0 61.8 (1.53) 20.0 (1.32) 18.2 (1.21)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ............. 100.0 47.4 (9.09) *14.8 (4.92) 37.8 (9.22)

2 or more races ..................................... 100.0 43.2 (2.65) 22.9 (2.41) 33.9 (2.39)

Black or African American, white ......................... 100.0 55.3 (8.63) † 38.0 (7.12)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 100.0 26.9 (3.37) 27.9 (3.45) 45.2 (4.15)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 100.0 61.3 (0.81) 17.6 (0.58) 21.1 (0.63)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 100.0 62.8 (0.99) 16.2 (0.69) 21.0 (0.75)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 100.0 48.7 (0.38) 26.6 (0.29) 24.7 (0.31)

White, single race .................................. 100.0 47.0 (0.42) 28.4 (0.33) 24.6 (0.36)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 100.0 56.9 (0.92) 17.6 (0.60) 25.5 (0.81)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 100.0 41.8 (0.76) 25.8 (0.58) 32.4 (0.66)

GED diploma4 ...................................... 100.0 26.0 (1.42) 27.4 (1.48) 46.6 (1.59)

High school graduate ................................. 100.0 45.4 (0.58) 25.6 (0.52) 29.1 (0.53)

Some college—no degree .............................. 100.0 51.4 (0.73) 24.6 (0.62) 24.0 (0.58)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 100.0 49.4 (1.06) 26.9 (0.94) 23.8 (0.86)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 100.0 61.7 (0.69) 24.6 (0.59) 13.7 (0.51)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 100.0 64.9 (0.88) 27.1 (0.87) 8.0 (0.44)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level................................... 100.0 48.5 (1.27) 17.6 (0.83) 33.9 (1.03)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 46.1 (0.75) 21.9 (0.61) 31.9 (0.71)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 47.8 (0.60) 25.5 (0.52) 26.7 (0.52)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 100.0 52.7 (0.53) 28.1 (0.43) 19.3 (0.41)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 100.0 62.4 (0.69) 10.4 (0.38) 27.3 (0.64)

Married .......................................... 100.0 49.7 (0.42) 30.7 (0.34) 19.7 (0.32)

Cohabiting ........................................ 100.0 38.5 (1.21) 18.9 (0.92) 42.7 (1.19)

Divorced or separated ................................. 100.0 36.2 (0.77) 25.8 (0.70) 38.0 (0.78)

Widowed ......................................... 100.0 34.5 (1.33) 49.4 (1.49) 16.1 (1.01)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 100.0 50.2 (0.80) 28.1 (0.61) 21.7 (0.65)

Midwest.......................................... 100.0 47.1 (0.67) 26.0 (0.59) 27.0 (0.55)

South ........................................... 100.0 49.8 (0.60) 24.2 (0.46) 26.0 (0.49)

West............................................ 100.0 55.1 (0.69) 24.7 (0.54) 20.1 (0.57)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city .................................... 100.0 53.2 (0.57) 22.6 (0.49) 24.2 (0.48)

MSA, not central city.................................. 100.0 51.1 (0.47) 26.6 (0.36) 22.3 (0.39)

Not MSA ......................................... 100.0 44.3 (0.79) 26.4 (0.72) 29.3 (0.70)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2

............................ 100.0 62.1 (0.32) 18.7 (0.23) 19.2 (0.25)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ...................... 100.0 62.3 (0.32) 18.4 (0.22) 19.4 (0.25)

Age:

18–24 years ....................................... 100.0 70.4 (0.88) 7.1 (0.45) 22.5 (0.75)

25–44 years ....................................... 100.0 63.8 (0.47) 13.9 (0.33) 22.3 (0.39)

45–64 years ....................................... 100.0 56.5 (0.51) 23.1 (0.39) 20.4 (0.38)

65–74 years ....................................... 100.0 57.9 (0.78) 30.9 (0.69) 11.2 (0.50)

75 years and over ................................... 100.0 67.2 (0.73) 27.4 (0.73) 5.5 (0.36)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 100.0 59.2 (0.36) 20.7 (0.27) 20.1 (0.28)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 100.0 70.5 (0.60) 11.5 (0.43) 18.0 (0.61)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 100.0 48.7 (4.55) 17.8 (2.49) 33.5 (3.93)

Asian, single race.................................... 100.0 89.0 (0.91) 5.0 (0.68) 6.1 (0.72)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ............. 100.0 65.6 (9.42) *13.4 (5.15) *21.0 (6.54)

2 or more races ..................................... 100.0 52.5 (2.09) 18.7 (1.62) 28.8 (1.93)

Black or African American, white ......................... 100.0 61.0 (5.30) 12.6 (3.59) 26.4 (4.86)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 100.0 40.7 (3.13) 23.4 (2.55) 35.9 (3.32)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 100 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table VII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of lifetime cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual 2002–04—Con.

Lifetime cigarette smoking status1

Selected characteristic Total Never smoker Former smoker Current smoker

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 100.0 79.7 (0.52) 9.6 (0.36) 10.7 (0.37)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 100.0 82.2 (0.64) 8.5 (0.41) 9.3 (0.49)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 100.0 59.8 (0.34) 19.8 (0.25) 20.3 (0.27)

White, single race .................................. 100.0 57.0 (0.38) 21.9 (0.28) 21.1 (0.30)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 100.0 70.4 (0.60) 11.6 (0.45) 18.0 (0.60)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 100.0 61.8 (0.68) 15.3 (0.42) 23.0 (0.62)

GED diploma4 ...................................... 100.0 40.2 (1.62) 20.2 (1.38) 39.7 (1.64)

High school graduate ................................. 100.0 58.5 (0.52) 19.3 (0.43) 22.2 (0.43)

Some college—no degree .............................. 100.0 60.0 (0.61) 18.9 (0.48) 21.1 (0.53)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 100.0 60.0 (0.80) 21.2 (0.71) 18.8 (0.60)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 100.0 70.7 (0.63) 18.4 (0.54) 10.9 (0.39)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 100.0 72.0 (0.83) 20.9 (0.76) 7.1 (0.46)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level................................... 100.0 59.6 (0.94) 11.8 (0.48) 28.7 (0.82)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 60.9 (0.70) 16.4 (0.46) 22.7 (0.60)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 100.0 59.3 (0.58) 19.6 (0.44) 21.1 (0.50)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 100.0 63.1 (0.52) 21.9 (0.40) 15.0 (0.36)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 100.0 69.5 (0.64) 9.0 (0.38) 21.5 (0.56)

Married .......................................... 100.0 64.3 (0.42) 20.2 (0.32) 15.5 (0.29)

Cohabiting ........................................ 100.0 45.9 (1.13) 16.5 (0.83) 37.6 (1.08)

Divorced or separated ................................. 100.0 49.9 (0.65) 19.8 (0.51) 30.4 (0.60)

Widowed ......................................... 100.0 60.7 (0.66) 26.9 (0.60) 12.4 (0.46)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 100.0 59.4 (0.70) 21.8 (0.55) 18.8 (0.59)

Midwest.......................................... 100.0 59.0 (0.62) 19.4 (0.42) 21.6 (0.51)

South ........................................... 100.0 63.1 (0.55) 16.6 (0.40) 20.3 (0.42)

West............................................ 100.0 66.7 (0.67) 18.5 (0.46) 14.8 (0.44)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city .................................... 100.0 64.8 (0.53) 16.4 (0.40) 18.8 (0.45)

MSA, not central city.................................. 100.0 61.9 (0.45) 20.2 (0.32) 17.9 (0.33)

Not MSA ......................................... 100.0 58.8 (0.72) 18.0 (0.50) 23.2 (0.61)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Lifetime cigarette smoking status: Never smoker—never smoked at all or smoked less than 100 cigarettes in lifetime; Former smoker—smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime but not currently

smoking; Current smoker—smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime and currently smoked.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 4.1. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown smoking status. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 101

Table VIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over, and

crude mean number (with standard errors) of cigarettes on days smoked among current smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Current cigarette smoking status Number of cigarettes on days smoked

Non- Nondaily Daily All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic Total smoker smoker smoker smokers smokers smokers

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error) Mean (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................. 100.0 78.4 (0.21) 4.0 (0.08) 17.6 (0.19) 14.9 (0.10) 4.8 (0.09) 17.1 (0.10)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ............ 100.0 78.5 (0.21) 4.0 (0.08) 17.5 (0.19) 15.0 (0.10) 4.9 (0.11) 17.1 (0.11)

Age:

18–24 years ............................. 100.0 74.7 (0.65) 6.1 (0.31) 19.2 (0.55) 11.1 (0.19) 3.9 (0.18) 13.2 (0.20)

25–44 years ............................. 100.0 75.0 (0.32) 5.0 (0.13) 20.0 (0.28) 14.4 (0.13) 4.7 (0.13) 16.7 (0.15)

45–64 years ............................. 100.0 77.6 (0.33) 3.4 (0.12) 19.0 (0.30) 17.2 (0.15) 5.6 (0.20) 19.2 (0.17)

65–74 years ............................. 100.0 88.1 (0.39) 1.8 (0.15) 10.1 (0.35) 15.9 (0.39) 5.1 (0.41) 17.6 (0.43)

75 years and over.......................... 100.0 94.2 (0.30) 0.8 (0.12) 4.9 (0.28) 14.7 (0.53) 6.2 (1.11) 15.9 (0.58)

Race:

White, single race .......................... 100.0 78.0 (0.24) 3.8 (0.09) 18.2 (0.21) 15.8 (0.11) 4.9 (0.11) 18.0 (0.11)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 78.6 (0.57) 4.7 (0.21) 16.7 (0.51) 11.1 (0.18) 5.0 (0.28) 12.8 (0.22)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........ 100.0 65.1 (2.82) 7.4 (1.32) 27.6 (2.43) 13.9 (1.10) 4.5 (0.54) 16.2 (1.21)

Asian, single race .......................... 100.0 87.8 (0.72) 3.0 (0.40) 9.3 (0.65) 9.5 (0.47) 3.1 (0.28) 11.4 (0.54)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race.... 100.0 68.9 (6.86) † 26.2 (5.88) 10.9 (1.36) 8.7 (0.94) 11.2 (1.52)

2 or more races ........................... 100.0 68.9 (1.61) 6.6 (0.84) 24.5 (1.50) 14.0 (0.70) 4.8 (0.56) 16.3 (0.78)

Black or African American, white ............... 100.0 68.8 (4.09) *6.1 (1.93) 25.1 (3.81) 11.9 (1.09) 3.9 (0.94) 13.8 (1.15)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white........... 100.0 60.0 (2.58) 6.3 (1.39) 33.7 (2.50) 16.6 (1.10) 5.3 (0.84) 18.5 (1.18)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino .......................... 100.0 84.0 (0.39) 5.5 (0.24) 10.4 (0.30) 8.6 (0.19) 3.6 (0.21) 11.0 (0.24)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................. 100.0 84.7 (0.47) 6.3 (0.33) 9.0 (0.37) 7.5 (0.23) 3.5 (0.26) 10.0 (0.30)

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................... 100.0 77.6 (0.23) 3.8 (0.08) 18.6 (0.21) 15.5 (0.10) 5.0 (0.10) 17.6 (0.10)

White, single race ........................ 100.0 77.2 (0.26) 3.7 (0.09) 19.1 (0.24) 16.3 (0.11) 5.1 (0.12) 18.4 (0.11)

Black or African American, single race ............ 100.0 78.6 (0.56) 4.7 (0.22) 16.6 (0.50) 11.1 (0.18) 4.9 (0.28) 12.7 (0.22)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................. 100.0 72.5 (0.49) 4.3 (0.19) 23.3 (0.46) 15.9 (0.21) 5.0 (0.24) 17.7 (0.22)

GED diploma3 ............................ 100.0 56.7 (1.16) 4.4 (0.43) 38.9 (1.17) 17.6 (0.38) 5.2 (0.50) 19.0 (0.39)

High school graduate ........................ 100.0 74.6 (0.34) 4.1 (0.15) 21.4 (0.33) 15.5 (0.15) 5.1 (0.21) 17.4 (0.16)

Some college—no degree ..................... 100.0 77.6 (0.41) 4.5 (0.19) 17.9 (0.37) 14.2 (0.19) 4.3 (0.16) 16.6 (0.20)

Associate of arts degree ...................... 100.0 79.0 (0.52) 4.5 (0.24) 16.5 (0.47) 14.1 (0.27) 5.6 (0.36) 16.3 (0.30)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................. 100.0 87.8 (0.32) 3.8 (0.18) 8.5 (0.26) 11.8 (0.24) 4.2 (0.17) 15.1 (0.28)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............... 100.0 92.4 (0.31) 2.4 (0.19) 5.3 (0.26) 12.4 (0.41) 4.7 (0.47) 15.5 (0.47)

Poverty status:4 ............................

Below poverty level ......................... 100.0 69.2 (0.71) 5.7 (0.28) 25.0 (0.66) 14.6 (0.26) 5.1 (0.33) 16.7 (0.28)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................. 100.0 73.2 (0.46) 4.9 (0.21) 21.9 (0.44) 14.9 (0.25) 4.7 (0.22) 17.0 (0.27)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................. 100.0 76.1 (0.37) 4.2 (0.16) 19.6 (0.35) 15.4 (0.18) 4.6 (0.19) 17.7 (0.19)

4 times poverty level or more ................... 100.0 82.8 (0.29) 3.6 (0.13) 13.6 (0.26) 14.7 (0.17) 4.6 (0.15) 17.3 (0.19)

Marital status:

Never married ............................ 100.0 75.3 (0.47) 6.1 (0.22) 18.5 (0.42) 12.1 (0.17) 4.4 (0.13) 14.6 (0.18)

Married ................................ 100.0 82.4 (0.24) 3.1 (0.09) 14.5 (0.23) 15.5 (0.14) 4.7 (0.14) 17.7 (0.14)

Cohabiting .............................. 100.0 59.9 (0.81) 6.0 (0.39) 34.1 (0.79) 15.1 (0.24) 4.4 (0.31) 16.8 (0.25)

Divorced or separated ....................... 100.0 66.6 (0.47) 5.3 (0.23) 28.1 (0.47) 16.6 (0.22) 5.8 (0.31) 18.6 (0.22)

Widowed ............................... 100.0 86.9 (0.42) 2.1 (0.18) 11.0 (0.39) 15.3 (0.36) 6.1 (0.62) 16.8 (0.39)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................... 100.0 79.8 (0.48) 3.7 (0.16) 16.4 (0.42) 14.6 (0.19) 5.0 (0.27) 16.6 (0.19)

Midwest ................................ 100.0 75.8 (0.41) 4.2 (0.19) 20.0 (0.37) 15.6 (0.18) 5.1 (0.19) 17.7 (0.18)

South ................................. 100.0 77.0 (0.36) 4.0 (0.13) 19.0 (0.33) 15.6 (0.17) 4.9 (0.15) 17.8 (0.18)

West .................................. 100.0 82.6 (0.42) 4.2 (0.17) 13.2 (0.35) 12.2 (0.17) 3.9 (0.17) 14.6 (0.21)

Place of residence:5 .........................

MSA, central city .......................... 100.0 78.6 (0.36) 4.7 (0.17) 16.6 (0.33) 13.1 (0.17) 4.4 (0.16) 15.5 (0.17)

MSA, not central city ........................ 100.0 80.0 (0.28) 3.8 (0.11) 16.2 (0.25) 15.0 (0.13) 5.0 (0.15) 17.2 (0.14)

Not MSA ............................... 100.0 73.9 (0.53) 3.6 (0.17) 22.5 (0.50) 16.8 (0.21) 4.9 (0.17) 18.5 (0.22)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................. 100.0 75.8 (0.28) 4.6 (0.12) 19.6 (0.26) 15.9 (0.13) 4.9 (0.13) 18.4 (0.14)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ............ 100.0 76.2 (0.28) 4.5 (0.12) 19.3 (0.25) 16.1 (0.14) 5.1 (0.17) 18.4 (0.16)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 102 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table VIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over, and

crude mean number (with standard errors) of cigarettes on days smoked among current smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Current cigarette smoking status Number of cigarettes on days smoked

Non- Nondaily Daily All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic Total smoker smoker smoker smokers smokers smokers

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error) Mean (standard error)

Age:

18–24 years ............................. 100.0 71.9 (0.92) 6.9 (0.45) 21.1 (0.83) 11.8 (0.28) 4.0 (0.26) 14.2 (0.29)

25–44 years ............................. 100.0 72.2 (0.43) 5.8 (0.20) 22.0 (0.38) 15.2 (0.18) 4.8 (0.17) 17.9 (0.20)

45–64 years ............................. 100.0 75.5 (0.48) 3.5 (0.18) 21.0 (0.45) 18.7 (0.23) 5.8 (0.31) 20.7 (0.25)

65–74 years ............................. 100.0 87.1 (0.58) 1.9 (0.23) 11.0 (0.54) 17.5 (0.62) 5.5 (0.71) 19.3 (0.67)

75 years and over.......................... 100.0 93.7 (0.48) 0.7 (0.16) 5.5 (0.47) 16.0 (0.84) 7.0 (1.74) 17.0 (0.93)

Race:

White, single race .......................... 100.0 75.9 (0.32) 4.2 (0.13) 19.9 (0.30) 17.1 (0.15) 5.0 (0.16) 19.5 (0.15)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 74.3 (0.81) 5.8 (0.37) 19.9 (0.74) 11.8 (0.28) 5.0 (0.37) 13.7 (0.33)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........ 100.0 63.7 (3.54) 8.7 (1.69) 27.6 (3.17) 15.1 (1.47) 4.5 (0.84) 18.2 (1.63)

Asian, single race .......................... 100.0 81.8 (1.21) 4.5 (0.66) 13.7 (1.11) 9.2 (0.50) 3.0 (0.31) 11.1 (0.53)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race.... 100.0 62.2 (9.22) † 29.6 (8.72) 10.1 (1.67) 8.7 (0.94) 10.5 (2.03)

2 or more races ........................... 100.0 66.1 (2.39) 6.9 (1.21) 27.0 (2.25) 15.5 (0.89) 5.9 (0.93) 17.7 (1.01)

Black or African American, white ............... 100.0 62.0 (7.12) *9.5 (3.83) 28.5 (6.49) 12.4 (1.51) *3.9 (1.24) 15.3 (1.27)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white........... 100.0 54.8 (4.15) *5.5 (1.88) 39.7 (4.00) 18.5 (1.33) 8.1 (1.27) 19.9 (1.51)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino .......................... 100.0 78.9 (0.63) 7.8 (0.42) 13.3 (0.49) 8.6 (0.24) 3.8 (0.28) 11.2 (0.32)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................. 100.0 79.0 (0.75) 9.0 (0.53) 11.9 (0.59) 7.5 (0.28) 3.8 (0.33) 10.0 (0.38)

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................... 100.0 75.3 (0.31) 4.2 (0.13) 20.5 (0.29) 16.8 (0.14) 5.2 (0.15) 19.0 (0.14)

White, single race ........................ 100.0 75.4 (0.36) 3.8 (0.14) 20.8 (0.33) 17.9 (0.15) 5.3 (0.18) 20.1 (0.16)

Black or African American, single race ............ 100.0 74.5 (0.81) 5.7 (0.38) 19.8 (0.74) 11.8 (0.28) 5.0 (0.37) 13.7 (0.34)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................. 100.0 67.6 (0.66) 5.4 (0.30) 26.9 (0.62) 16.5 (0.29) 5.2 (0.33) 18.6 (0.31)

GED diploma3 ............................ 100.0 53.4 (1.59) 4.2 (0.61) 42.4 (1.59) 18.9 (0.51) 4.9 (0.64) 20.3 (0.51)

High school graduate ........................ 100.0 70.9 (0.53) 4.8 (0.23) 24.3 (0.49) 16.6 (0.21) 5.1 (0.30) 18.8 (0.21)

Some college—no degree ..................... 100.0 76.0 (0.58) 5.0 (0.28) 19.0 (0.54) 15.3 (0.28) 4.4 (0.23) 18.1 (0.31)

Associate of arts degree ...................... 100.0 76.2 (0.86) 5.2 (0.45) 18.6 (0.80) 15.4 (0.42) 5.7 (0.47) 18.0 (0.45)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................. 100.0 86.3 (0.51) 4.0 (0.27) 9.7 (0.43) 13.1 (0.36) 4.4 (0.25) 16.5 (0.41)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............... 100.0 92.0 (0.44) 2.6 (0.28) 5.4 (0.36) 12.9 (0.62) 5.3 (0.71) 16.2 (0.71)

Poverty status:4 ............................

Below poverty level ......................... 100.0 66.1 (1.03) 6.9 (0.48) 27.0 (0.97) 15.2 (0.38) 5.0 (0.50) 17.7 (0.40)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................. 100.0 68.1 (0.71) 6.3 (0.38) 25.7 (0.71) 15.5 (0.37) 4.8 (0.32) 18.0 (0.39)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................. 100.0 73.3 (0.52) 4.7 (0.24) 22.1 (0.51) 16.7 (0.25) 4.8 (0.26) 19.1 (0.27)

4 times poverty level or more ................... 100.0 80.7 (0.41) 4.1 (0.20) 15.2 (0.36) 15.8 (0.25) 4.6 (0.20) 18.7 (0.28)

Marital status:

Never married ............................ 100.0 72.7 (0.64) 6.9 (0.32) 20.4 (0.57) 13.0 (0.23) 4.5 (0.17) 15.7 (0.26)

Married ................................ 100.0 80.3 (0.32) 3.6 (0.15) 16.1 (0.30) 16.5 (0.20) 4.8 (0.20) 19.0 (0.20)

Cohabiting .............................. 100.0 57.3 (1.19) 6.5 (0.56) 36.2 (1.15) 16.2 (0.37) 4.7 (0.51) 18.0 (0.38)

Divorced or separated ....................... 100.0 62.0 (0.78) 5.5 (0.36) 32.5 (0.78) 18.8 (0.33) 6.5 (0.47) 20.8 (0.32)

Widowed ............................... 100.0 83.9 (1.01) 1.8 (0.33) 14.3 (0.97) 17.5 (0.73) 9.1 (2.24) 18.5 (0.76)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................... 100.0 78.3 (0.65) 3.9 (0.23) 17.8 (0.58) 16.2 (0.28) 5.2 (0.34) 18.5 (0.30)

Midwest ................................ 100.0 73.0 (0.55) 4.5 (0.27) 22.5 (0.54) 17.1 (0.25) 5.2 (0.29) 19.3 (0.26)

South ................................. 100.0 74.0 (0.49) 4.8 (0.20) 21.2 (0.44) 16.4 (0.22) 5.1 (0.22) 18.9 (0.24)

West .................................. 100.0 79.9 (0.57) 5.1 (0.28) 15.1 (0.49) 12.5 (0.24) 4.0 (0.21) 15.2 (0.29)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city .......................... 100.0 75.8 (0.48) 5.6 (0.26) 18.6 (0.43) 13.6 (0.23) 4.3 (0.22) 16.3 (0.24)

MSA, not central city ........................ 100.0 77.7 (0.39) 4.2 (0.16) 18.1 (0.35) 16.2 (0.19) 5.3 (0.22) 18.6 (0.20)

Not MSA ............................... 100.0 70.7 (0.70) 4.2 (0.26) 25.1 (0.67) 18.0 (0.28) 5.0 (0.24) 20.0 (0.30)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................. 100.0 80.8 (0.25) 3.5 (0.10) 15.7 (0.22) 13.7 (0.12) 4.6 (0.13) 15.6 (0.13)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ............ 100.0 80.6 (0.25) 3.5 (0.10) 15.8 (0.23) 13.7 (0.12) 4.7 (0.14) 15.6 (0.13)

Age:

18–24 years ............................. 100.0 77.5 (0.75) 5.2 (0.35) 17.3 (0.63) 10.2 (0.25) 3.7 (0.21) 12.1 (0.28)

25–44 years ............................. 100.0 77.7 (0.39) 4.2 (0.16) 18.1 (0.37) 13.4 (0.18) 4.5 (0.19) 15.4 (0.19)

45–64 years ............................. 100.0 79.6 (0.38) 3.2 (0.17) 17.2 (0.35) 15.6 (0.20) 5.3 (0.26) 17.4 (0.21)

65–74 years ............................. 100.0 88.8 (0.50) 1.8 (0.20) 9.4 (0.47) 14.3 (0.42) 4.8 (0.43) 16.0 (0.46)

75 years and over.......................... 100.0 94.5 (0.36) 0.9 (0.15) 4.5 (0.33) 13.8 (0.67) 5.8 (1.43) 15.1 (0.72)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 103

Table VIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status for adults 18 years of age and over, and

crude mean number (with standard errors) of cigarettes on days smoked among current smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Current cigarette smoking status Number of cigarettes on days smoked

Non- Nondaily Daily All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic Total smoker smoker smoker smokers smokers smokers

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error) Mean (standard error)

Race:

White, single race .......................... 100.0 79.9 (0.28) 3.5 (0.11) 16.6 (0.25) 14.3 (0.13) 4.7 (0.14) 16.3 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 82.0 (0.61) 3.9 (0.24) 14.1 (0.55) 10.2 (0.22) 4.9 (0.42) 11.7 (0.24)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........ 100.0 66.5 (3.93) 6.0 (1.47) 27.5 (3.67) 12.5 (1.23) 4.5 (0.74) 14.2 (1.35)

Asian, single race .......................... 100.0 93.9 (0.72) 1.4 (0.38) 4.7 (0.68) 10.7 (1.19) 3.1 (0.67) 12.5 (1.32)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race.... 100.0 79.0 (6.54) – *21.0 (6.54) 12.8 (2.30) – 12.8 (2.30)

2 or more races ........................... 100.0 71.2 (1.93) 6.3 (1.16) 22.4 (1.84) 12.5 (1.00) 3.8 (0.60) 14.9 (1.12)

Black or African American, white ............... 100.0 73.6 (4.86) † 22.6 (4.67) 11.3 (1.54) *3.8 (1.41) 12.5 (1.70)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white........... 100.0 64.1 (3.32) 7.0 (2.02) 28.9 (3.18) 14.6 (1.67) 3.6 (0.62) 17.0 (1.78)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino .......................... 100.0 89.3 (0.37) 3.2 (0.20) 7.4 (0.32) 8.5 (0.30) 3.1 (0.20) 10.8 (0.37)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................. 100.0 90.7 (0.49) 3.4 (0.28) 5.9 (0.40) 7.5 (0.38) 2.9 (0.26) 10.0 (0.50)

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................... 100.0 79.7 (0.27) 3.5 (0.11) 16.8 (0.25) 14.1 (0.13) 4.8 (0.14) 15.9 (0.13)

White, single race ........................ 100.0 78.9 (0.30) 3.5 (0.12) 17.6 (0.28) 14.7 (0.14) 4.8 (0.15) 16.5 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race ............ 100.0 82.0 (0.60) 3.9 (0.24) 14.1 (0.54) 10.2 (0.22) 4.9 (0.42) 11.7 (0.24)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................. 100.0 77.0 (0.62) 3.2 (0.22) 19.8 (0.58) 15.2 (0.29) 4.6 (0.34) 16.7 (0.30)

GED diploma3 ............................ 100.0 60.3 (1.64) 4.5 (0.62) 35.1 (1.64) 16.0 (0.53) 5.6 (0.75) 17.3 (0.54)

High school graduate ........................ 100.0 77.8 (0.43) 3.4 (0.17) 18.8 (0.42) 14.3 (0.19) 5.0 (0.24) 15.9 (0.20)

Some college—no degree ..................... 100.0 78.9 (0.53) 4.1 (0.24) 17.0 (0.46) 13.0 (0.24) 4.2 (0.20) 15.1 (0.25)

Associate of arts degree ...................... 100.0 81.2 (0.60) 3.9 (0.28) 14.9 (0.52) 12.8 (0.32) 5.5 (0.58) 14.7 (0.36)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................. 100.0 89.1 (0.39) 3.6 (0.23) 7.3 (0.33) 10.4 (0.29) 4.0 (0.22) 13.4 (0.38)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............... 100.0 92.9 (0.46) 2.1 (0.24) 5.0 (0.37) 11.7 (0.57) 3.9 (0.56) 14.7 (0.66)

Poverty status:4 ............................

Below poverty level ......................... 100.0 71.3 (0.82) 5.0 (0.35) 23.7 (0.76) 14.2 (0.32) 5.1 (0.42) 16.0 (0.33)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level .................. 100.0 77.3 (0.60) 3.8 (0.24) 18.9 (0.56) 14.1 (0.28) 4.6 (0.28) 16.0 (0.30)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level .................. 100.0 78.9 (0.50) 3.8 (0.22) 17.3 (0.44) 13.8 (0.22) 4.4 (0.29) 15.8 (0.24)

4 times poverty level or more ................... 100.0 85.0 (0.36) 3.1 (0.17) 11.9 (0.34) 13.2 (0.22) 4.5 (0.23) 15.3 (0.24)

Marital status:

Never married ............................ 100.0 78.5 (0.56) 5.3 (0.27) 16.2 (0.48) 10.8 (0.22) 4.2 (0.22) 12.9 (0.25)

Married ................................ 100.0 84.5 (0.29) 2.6 (0.12) 12.9 (0.27) 14.3 (0.18) 4.6 (0.18) 16.1 (0.18)

Cohabiting .............................. 100.0 62.4 (1.08) 5.6 (0.53) 32.0 (1.06) 13.9 (0.30) 4.0 (0.35) 15.5 (0.31)

Divorced or separated ....................... 100.0 69.6 (0.60) 5.2 (0.28) 25.1 (0.57) 14.8 (0.25) 5.3 (0.38) 16.7 (0.26)

Widowed ............................... 100.0 87.6 (0.46) 2.1 (0.20) 10.3 (0.42) 14.6 (0.37) 5.6 (0.59) 16.3 (0.39)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................... 100.0 81.2 (0.59) 3.5 (0.21) 15.3 (0.56) 12.9 (0.22) 4.8 (0.42) 14.6 (0.23)

Midwest ................................ 100.0 78.4 (0.51) 3.9 (0.23) 17.7 (0.44) 13.9 (0.24) 4.9 (0.23) 15.9 (0.24)

South ................................. 100.0 79.7 (0.42) 3.3 (0.15) 17.0 (0.38) 14.7 (0.22) 4.7 (0.17) 16.6 (0.23)

West .................................. 100.0 85.2 (0.44) 3.4 (0.21) 11.4 (0.39) 11.7 (0.25) 3.9 (0.26) 13.9 (0.28)

Place of residence:5 .........................

MSA, central city .......................... 100.0 81.2 (0.45) 3.9 (0.19) 14.8 (0.41) 12.5 (0.22) 4.5 (0.24) 14.5 (0.23)

MSA, not central city ........................ 100.0 82.1 (0.33) 3.4 (0.13) 14.5 (0.30) 13.5 (0.17) 4.7 (0.18) 15.6 (0.18)

Not MSA ............................... 100.0 76.8 (0.61) 3.0 (0.20) 20.2 (0.58) 15.4 (0.25) 4.7 (0.26) 16.9 (0.25)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

2Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 4.2. Current cigarette smoking status: nonsmoker includes never smokers and former smokers; daily smokers—currently smoked every

day; nondaily smokers—currently smoked some days, regardless of number of days they smoked. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown current smoking status.

Denominators for mean number of cigarettes on days smoked exclude smokers (daily and nondaily) with unknown number of cigarettes on days smoked and nondaily smokers who did not smoke in

the past 30 days. Estimates reflect usual cigarette consumption on days smoked and do not reflect average consumption over a period of time such as a week or a month. See Appendix II for

definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 104 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table IX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current cigarette

smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current smokers1

Less

Selected characteristic Total than 15 15–24 25–34 35 or more

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 50.0 (0.48) 36.8 (0.42) 7.6 (0.24) 5.6 (0.19)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 49.6 (0.49) 37.1 (0.44) 7.6 (0.24) 5.6 (0.21)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 67.4 (1.17) 28.1 (1.10) 3.2 (0.45) 1.3 (0.24)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 51.5 (0.69) 36.3 (0.62) 7.3 (0.35) 4.9 (0.29)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 40.4 (0.67) 40.9 (0.73) 10.2 (0.42) 8.6 (0.41)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 45.1 (1.77) 41.0 (1.67) 8.2 (0.88) 5.6 (0.93)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 51.9 (2.43) 36.5 (2.39) 5.7 (1.29) 5.9 (1.41)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 45.3 (0.51) 39.7 (0.45) 8.6 (0.28) 6.3 (0.23)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 70.2 (1.07) 24.9 (0.99) 2.9 (0.35) 1.9 (0.25)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 60.9 (4.54) 27.6 (3.32) *4.5 (1.72) *6.9 (2.36)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 76.8 (2.59) 20.8 (2.54) † *1.8 (0.85)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 74.3 (9.70) *23.7 (9.41) † –

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 58.6 (3.07) 27.1 (2.70) 8.8 (2.03) 5.5 (1.24)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 61.4 (7.40) 35.2 (7.28) † †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 48.6 (4.52) 29.8 (3.85) 13.2 (3.42) 8.3 (2.05)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 78.4 (0.98) 18.5 (0.93) 1.6 (0.29) 1.4 (0.29)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 82.9 (1.03) 14.5 (0.94) 1.7 (0.40) *0.9 (0.35)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 47.3 (0.50) 38.5 (0.45) 8.2 (0.26) 6.0 (0.21)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 42.9 (0.53) 41.2 (0.48) 9.2 (0.30) 6.7 (0.25)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 70.4 (1.07) 24.8 (0.99) 2.9 (0.36) 1.9 (0.25)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 47.6 (1.06) 36.4 (0.98) 8.1 (0.50) 7.8 (0.47)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 38.5 (1.80) 42.9 (1.83) 11.0 (1.16) 7.5 (1.03)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 46.1 (0.70) 40.2 (0.71) 7.8 (0.43) 5.8 (0.38)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 53.0 (1.00) 35.1 (0.95) 7.5 (0.50) 4.5 (0.34)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 51.7 (1.38) 36.6 (1.38) 7.2 (0.73) 4.5 (0.60)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 63.7 (1.32) 28.3 (1.22) 5.1 (0.61) 2.9 (0.43)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 59.5 (2.26) 31.3 (2.21) 6.0 (1.09) 3.2 (0.69)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 53.3 (1.22) 33.8 (1.06) 7.0 (0.51) 5.9 (0.55)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 51.2 (1.07) 35.6 (1.00) 7.0 (0.51) 6.2 (0.65)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 47.3 (0.82) 37.8 (0.76) 9.1 (0.46) 5.8 (0.40)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 49.3 (0.84) 37.6 (0.86) 7.7 (0.46) 5.3 (0.37)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 63.5 (0.94) 28.8 (0.86) 4.7 (0.38) 3.0 (0.25)

Married ................................... 100.0 46.5 (0.65) 38.7 (0.65) 8.4 (0.37) 6.4 (0.34)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 48.3 (1.29) 38.9 (1.28) 8.2 (0.71) 4.6 (0.57)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 43.2 (1.00) 40.1 (0.91) 9.0 (0.50) 7.6 (0.47)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 47.7 (1.81) 39.9 (1.72) 7.8 (1.00) 4.7 (0.69)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 51.1 (1.04) 37.3 (1.01) 6.5 (0.57) 5.0 (0.38)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 46.1 (0.90) 39.0 (0.80) 9.4 (0.47) 5.4 (0.33)

South .................................... 100.0 47.4 (0.82) 37.6 (0.69) 8.0 (0.40) 6.9 (0.37)

West .................................... 100.0 61.6 (0.93) 30.3 (0.98) 4.8 (0.46) 3.3 (0.39)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 58.5 (0.82) 32.0 (0.71) 5.4 (0.36) 4.1 (0.28)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 49.0 (0.65) 37.9 (0.60) 7.8 (0.35) 5.4 (0.29)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 42.6 (1.05) 39.9 (0.94) 9.8 (0.55) 7.7 (0.46)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 45.7 (0.63) 37.8 (0.59) 9.2 (0.36) 7.3 (0.29)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 44.9 (0.65) 38.2 (0.62) 9.4 (0.38) 7.5 (0.33)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 62.2 (1.75) 32.1 (1.69) 4.1 (0.65) 1.7 (0.38)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 47.7 (0.87) 37.0 (0.83) 8.9 (0.49) 6.4 (0.44)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 35.6 (0.95) 41.1 (1.07) 11.9 (0.66) 11.4 (0.63)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 39.8 (2.58) 40.5 (2.48) 11.6 (1.55) 8.0 (1.38)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 44.6 (3.93) 40.7 (4.20) 7.8 (2.34) *6.9 (2.38)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 105

Table IX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current cigarette

smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current smokers1

Less

Selected characteristic Total than 15 15–24 25–34 35 or more

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 40.2 (0.69) 40.7 (0.66) 10.6 (0.43) 8.5 (0.36)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 65.6 (1.55) 28.2 (1.46) 3.9 (0.58) 2.3 (0.45)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 53.4 (6.12) 33.4 (5.07) *4.6 (2.27) *8.7 (3.36)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 77.2 (3.05) 21.5 (3.02) † †

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 77.8 (10.89) *22.2 (10.89) – –

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 52.4 (4.33) 28.8 (3.97) 10.4 (2.62) 8.4 (2.13)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 52.1 (10.83) 47.9 (10.83) – –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 40.8 (6.45) 31.5 (5.91) 15.4 (4.37) 12.3 (3.42)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 77.3 (1.23) 19.5 (1.18) 1.8 (0.39) 1.3 (0.37)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 82.4 (1.25) 14.8 (1.14) 1.9 (0.51) *0.9 (0.41)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 41.8 (0.66) 40.0 (0.64) 10.1 (0.40) 8.1 (0.33)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 36.6 (0.72) 42.7 (0.71) 11.5 (0.47) 9.2 (0.39)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 65.8 (1.55) 28.0 (1.47) 4.0 (0.59) 2.2 (0.45)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 45.7 (1.33) 35.5 (1.22) 9.1 (0.75) 9.7 (0.69)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 32.3 (2.17) 45.2 (2.30) 13.7 (1.65) 8.8 (1.51)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 41.3 (0.99) 41.7 (1.07) 9.3 (0.64) 7.7 (0.53)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 47.9 (1.41) 36.3 (1.36) 10.1 (0.81) 5.8 (0.55)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 46.3 (1.94) 37.5 (1.99) 9.0 (1.18) 7.1 (1.07)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 58.1 (1.87) 31.6 (1.74) 6.4 (0.89) 3.9 (0.71)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 58.8 (3.19) 30.3 (2.99) 6.6 (1.46) 4.3 (1.15)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 50.7 (1.84) 34.4 (1.67) 7.7 (0.84) 7.2 (0.84)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 48.8 (1.49) 35.5 (1.36) 7.2 (0.78) 8.4 (0.87)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 42.4 (1.09) 38.6 (1.02) 11.3 (0.71) 7.6 (0.59)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 44.8 (1.19) 38.4 (1.20) 9.6 (0.62) 7.2 (0.58)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 58.8 (1.32) 31.9 (1.22) 5.7 (0.52) 3.6 (0.35)

Married ................................... 100.0 42.9 (0.83) 38.4 (0.81) 10.3 (0.55) 8.5 (0.50)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 42.2 (1.72) 42.0 (1.77) 9.5 (1.11) 6.2 (0.94)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 35.1 (1.32) 42.3 (1.30) 11.6 (0.88) 10.9 (0.80)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 37.3 (3.37) 45.0 (3.44) 10.4 (2.52) 7.3 (1.72)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 44.1 (1.44) 39.0 (1.48) 9.6 (0.90) 7.3 (0.59)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 40.5 (1.27) 40.6 (1.21) 11.0 (0.73) 7.9 (0.57)

South .................................... 100.0 44.0 (0.98) 38.2 (0.90) 9.4 (0.58) 8.5 (0.53)

West .................................... 100.0 59.4 (1.26) 31.1 (1.35) 5.8 (0.70) 3.7 (0.40)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 55.4 (1.17) 33.4 (1.06) 6.7 (0.58) 4.6 (0.39)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 43.9 (0.88) 39.1 (0.85) 9.7 (0.53) 7.3 (0.44)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 38.3 (1.26) 40.1 (1.29) 11.1 (0.83) 10.6 (0.70)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 55.0 (0.65) 35.6 (0.60) 5.7 (0.27) 3.6 (0.24)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 54.8 (0.68) 35.9 (0.63) 5.6 (0.27) 3.6 (0.25)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 74.0 (1.52) 23.2 (1.42) 2.1 (0.53) *0.7 (0.29)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 56.1 (1.00) 35.5 (0.90) 5.3 (0.44) 3.1 (0.29)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 45.8 (1.01) 40.6 (1.01) 8.2 (0.59) 5.4 (0.48)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 50.3 (2.29) 41.5 (2.18) 5.0 (0.96) *3.3 (1.00)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 57.4 (3.28) 33.4 (3.03) *4.1 (1.41) *5.1 (1.63)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 51.1 (0.70) 38.6 (0.67) 6.4 (0.32) 3.9 (0.27)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 75.5 (1.38) 21.2 (1.27) 1.7 (0.38) 1.5 (0.33)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 69.0 (5.43) 21.5 (4.48) † †

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 75.6 (4.74) 18.2 (4.40) † †

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 65.0 (15.12) *27.8 (13.29) † –

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 64.7 (3.98) 25.4 (3.52) *7.3 (2.91) †

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 71.0 (9.09) *22.1 (7.98) † †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 56.5 (5.82) 28.1 (4.59) *11.0 (5.02) †

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 106 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table IX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current cigarette

smokers 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Usual number of cigarettes on days smoked among all current smokers1

Less

Selected characteristic Total than 15 15–24 25–34 35 or more

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 80.7 (1.62) 16.5 (1.52) *1.3 (0.43) *1.6 (0.53)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 84.1 (2.11) 13.9 (2.03) *1.0 (0.50) †

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 53.3 (0.68) 36.9 (0.63) 6.0 (0.29) 3.7 (0.25)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 49.5 (0.74) 39.7 (0.70) 6.7 (0.34) 4.0 (0.28)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 75.6 (1.38) 21.1 (1.28) 1.7 (0.38) 1.6 (0.33)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 50.2 (1.41) 37.5 (1.36) 6.9 (0.67) 5.4 (0.64)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 46.3 (2.54) 40.1 (2.59) 7.7 (1.35) 5.9 (1.23)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 51.7 (1.01) 38.5 (1.05) 6.1 (0.55) 3.7 (0.45)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 58.1 (1.35) 33.9 (1.27) 4.8 (0.50) 3.2 (0.41)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 56.9 (1.95) 35.8 (1.87) 5.4 (0.89) 1.9 (0.51)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 70.3 (1.77) 24.5 (1.61) 3.7 (0.86) 1.6 (0.45)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 60.4 (3.26) 32.7 (3.14) *5.2 (1.62) *1.7 (0.79)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 55.4 (1.42) 33.4 (1.28) 6.4 (0.66) 4.8 (0.66)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 53.9 (1.37) 35.7 (1.35) 6.8 (0.68) 3.7 (0.64)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 53.3 (1.25) 36.8 (1.24) 6.3 (0.60) 3.6 (0.47)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 55.6 (1.28) 36.6 (1.22) 5.1 (0.66) 2.7 (0.40)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 70.8 (1.22) 24.0 (1.12) 3.2 (0.48) 2.1 (0.35)

Married ................................... 100.0 51.1 (0.99) 39.2 (0.97) 6.0 (0.47) 3.8 (0.39)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 55.0 (1.84) 35.4 (1.84) 6.7 (0.96) 2.9 (0.58)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 50.1 (1.33) 38.3 (1.21) 6.9 (0.57) 4.8 (0.51)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 50.8 (1.97) 38.4 (1.94) 7.0 (0.96) 3.9 (0.69)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 58.3 (1.31) 35.6 (1.31) 3.4 (0.46) 2.7 (0.46)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 52.6 (1.41) 37.2 (1.32) 7.6 (0.60) 2.5 (0.35)

South .................................... 100.0 51.5 (1.09) 36.9 (0.93) 6.5 (0.48) 5.1 (0.43)

West .................................... 100.0 64.3 (1.27) 29.4 (1.42) 3.5 (0.53) 2.8 (0.66)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 62.1 (1.13) 30.4 (1.04) 4.0 (0.42) 3.5 (0.39)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 54.9 (0.92) 36.4 (0.89) 5.5 (0.39) 3.2 (0.34)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 47.4 (1.41) 39.8 (1.27) 8.3 (0.65) 4.5 (0.49)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Usual number of cigarettes on days smoked includes the usual cigarette consumption of daily and nondaily smokers combined. Estimates for nondaily smokers reflect number of cigarettes smoked

only on the days that they smoked and are limited to those who smoked at least once in the past 30 days.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 4.3. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes smokers with unknown number of cigarettes on days smoked. Estimates reflect

usual cigarette consumption on days smoked and do not reflect average cigarette consumption over a period of time such as a week or a month. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 107

Table X. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of age of smoking initiation among current cigarette smokers 18 years of age

and over: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Age first smoked fairly regularly

Less than 16–17 18–20 21 years

Selected characteristic Total 16 years years years and over

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................... 100.0 30.5 (0.42) 24.8 (0.34) 27.3 (0.38) 17.4 (0.33)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ............... 100.0 30.0 (0.43) 24.1 (0.34) 27.2 (0.40) 18.8 (0.35)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 39.3 (1.13) 33.0 (1.12) 24.6 (1.01) 3.1 (0.41)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 30.5 (0.60) 24.6 (0.53) 27.9 (0.57) 17.0 (0.47)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 27.4 (0.66) 22.4 (0.59) 28.1 (0.68) 22.1 (0.57)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 26.3 (1.44) 18.4 (1.49) 27.1 (1.48) 28.2 (1.54)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 24.8 (2.26) 19.9 (2.04) 22.8 (2.06) 32.5 (2.41)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 31.9 (0.46) 25.4 (0.37) 26.8 (0.41) 15.9 (0.35)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 22.3 (0.99) 21.6 (1.01) 29.5 (1.10) 26.6 (1.01)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 31.6 (4.01) 31.5 (4.47) 24.2 (2.96) 12.6 (2.81)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 13.7 (2.25) 19.4 (2.64) 37.2 (3.60) 29.7 (3.05)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 † 53.1 (12.19) *18.0 (7.63) *24.9 (10.19)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 34.6 (3.09) 20.4 (2.50) 26.8 (2.87) 18.2 (2.18)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 55.4 (7.92) *18.5 (5.82) *17.8 (6.68) *8.3 (4.00)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 36.2 (4.42) 21.9 (3.89) 26.8 (3.66) 15.2 (2.96)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 33.2 (1.16) 20.6 (1.02) 26.9 (1.04) 19.3 (0.94)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 31.3 (1.46) 20.4 (1.29) 28.7 (1.48) 19.5 (1.20)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 30.3 (0.45) 25.1 (0.37) 27.4 (0.41) 17.2 (0.35)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 31.8 (0.48) 25.7 (0.39) 26.9 (0.44) 15.6 (0.37)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 22.1 (1.00) 21.8 (1.03) 29.5 (1.10) 26.7 (1.04)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 43.7 (0.89) 24.1 (0.78) 20.0 (0.74) 12.1 (0.54)

GED diploma3

............................... 100.0 47.0 (1.69) 23.7 (1.41) 18.0 (1.39) 11.3 (1.04)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 26.8 (0.69) 28.4 (0.74) 26.9 (0.68) 17.9 (0.59)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 27.3 (0.88) 24.1 (0.84) 31.4 (0.93) 17.2 (0.69)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 25.1 (1.27) 22.8 (1.17) 31.4 (1.41) 20.7 (1.14)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 17.4 (0.99) 20.3 (1.18) 37.2 (1.35) 25.2 (1.28)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 18.1 (1.62) 19.6 (1.75) 32.2 (2.11) 30.2 (2.07)

Poverty status:4 ...............................

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 38.5 (1.15) 24.3 (1.03) 21.6 (0.91) 15.6 (0.75)

≥ 1 and <2 times poverty level .................... 100.0 35.7 (0.94) 23.9 (0.84) 24.4 (0.84) 16.0 (0.67)

≤ 2 and <4 times poverty level .................... 100.0 30.2 (0.78) 24.9 (0.67) 28.5 (0.75) 16.5 (0.55)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 23.9 (0.80) 25.0 (0.77) 30.8 (0.81) 20.4 (0.73)

Marital status: ................................

Never married............................... 100.0 31.5 (0.81) 28.0 (0.83) 28.3 (0.80) 12.3 (0.54)

Married ................................... 100.0 29.1 (0.60) 24.6 (0.54) 28.2 (0.55) 18.1 (0.51)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 37.0 (1.38) 24.7 (1.18) 23.9 (1.17) 14.3 (0.86)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 30.3 (0.85) 22.6 (0.77) 25.9 (0.73) 21.3 (0.67)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 25.3 (1.47) 18.7 (1.43) 26.4 (1.56) 29.6 (1.51)

Geographic region: ............................

Northeast ................................. 100.0 31.9 (0.94) 26.0 (0.77) 25.7 (0.90) 16.5 (0.71)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 29.5 (0.79) 26.3 (0.71) 27.9 (0.78) 16.3 (0.64)

South .................................... 100.0 30.4 (0.71) 24.6 (0.57) 27.0 (0.60) 18.0 (0.52)

West .................................... 100.0 30.9 (0.89) 21.1 (0.72) 29.0 (0.89) 18.9 (0.84)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 29.6 (0.71) 23.0 (0.60) 28.3 (0.64) 19.1 (0.61)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 30.4 (0.59) 24.8 (0.48) 27.1 (0.57) 17.7 (0.51)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 31.8 (0.86) 26.6 (0.81) 26.7 (0.70) 14.9 (0.58)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................... 100.0 32.7 (0.55) 25.0 (0.49) 27.0 (0.51) 15.4 (0.44)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ............... 100.0 33.5 (0.62) 24.4 (0.52) 26.7 (0.54) 15.4 (0.44)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 38.2 (1.62) 33.6 (1.49) 25.2 (1.46) 3.0 (0.51)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 29.9 (0.80) 24.0 (0.74) 28.1 (0.79) 18.0 (0.67)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 32.5 (0.94) 23.0 (0.86) 26.8 (0.85) 17.7 (0.80)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 39.9 (2.55) 20.1 (2.20) 24.8 (2.13) 15.2 (1.58)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 39.3 (3.89) 21.0 (3.34) 23.0 (3.22) 16.7 (2.99)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 108 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table X. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of age of smoking initiation among current cigarette smokers 18 years of age

and over: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Age first smoked fairly regularly

Less than 16–17 18–20 21 years

Selected characteristic Total 16 years years years and over

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 34.3 (0.61) 25.7 (0.55) 26.4 (0.57) 13.6 (0.46)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 25.0 (1.55) 21.0 (1.37) 29.5 (1.70) 24.6 (1.47)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 32.4 (5.72) 33.5 (6.54) 24.1 (4.26) *9.9 (3.67)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 14.9 (2.72) 20.4 (3.33) 33.9 (4.19) 30.8 (3.70)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 † *54.0 (17.39) † *31.4 (15.70)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 40.7 (4.61) 20.1 (3.51) 26.6 (4.16) 12.6 (2.94)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 73.7 (9.29) † † †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 43.6 (6.91) *16.8 (5.34) 29.2 (5.53) *10.4 (4.03)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 34.6 (1.47) 21.7 (1.24) 27.5 (1.33) 16.3 (1.14)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 32.8 (1.76) 21.3 (1.58) 29.3 (1.78) 16.6 (1.35)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 32.5 (0.60) 25.3 (0.54) 27.0 (0.56) 15.3 (0.47)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 34.1 (0.65) 26.0 (0.59) 26.5 (0.61) 13.4 (0.48)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 24.7 (1.56) 21.1 (1.40) 29.5 (1.69) 24.7 (1.51)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 47.8 (1.21) 24.3 (1.04) 19.3 (0.97) 8.7 (0.63)

GED diploma3

............................... 100.0 50.0 (2.29) 24.2 (1.98) 15.3 (1.70) 10.5 (1.33)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 28.5 (0.87) 30.1 (0.99) 26.5 (0.95) 14.9 (0.77)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 27.7 (1.32) 23.3 (1.21) 32.1 (1.29) 16.9 (0.98)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 25.4 (1.96) 22.7 (1.79) 33.3 (2.06) 18.6 (1.65)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 17.7 (1.41) 19.0 (1.62) 37.6 (1.77) 25.7 (1.69)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 18.4 (2.22) 18.2 (2.24) 32.3 (2.75) 31.1 (2.75)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 40.5 (1.75) 25.2 (1.57) 21.5 (1.57) 12.8 (1.14)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 37.9 (1.41) 23.7 (1.18) 24.5 (1.20) 13.9 (0.96)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 32.7 (1.08) 25.1 (0.93) 27.8 (0.99) 14.4 (0.76)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 25.8 (1.13) 25.1 (1.07) 30.0 (1.12) 19.1 (0.90)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 30.7 (1.05) 29.0 (1.09) 28.2 (1.04) 12.2 (0.66)

Married ................................... 100.0 31.7 (0.83) 23.9 (0.75) 27.9 (0.72) 16.6 (0.67)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 38.4 (2.01) 23.5 (1.72) 23.7 (1.65) 14.4 (1.36)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 33.9 (1.24) 23.7 (1.11) 25.0 (1.08) 17.4 (0.93)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 43.4 (3.48) 20.3 (2.72) 21.2 (2.89) 15.0 (2.06)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 33.6 (1.21) 25.7 (1.37) 25.9 (1.38) 14.8 (1.07)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 32.0 (1.07) 27.1 (0.91) 27.1 (1.01) 13.8 (0.85)

South .................................... 100.0 33.0 (0.96) 25.0 (0.78) 26.1 (0.77) 15.9 (0.66)

West .................................... 100.0 32.0 (1.09) 20.7 (1.08) 30.0 (1.20) 17.2 (1.17)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 30.3 (1.03) 22.9 (0.84) 29.0 (0.94) 17.8 (0.79)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 33.1 (0.79) 24.8 (0.71) 26.2 (0.75) 15.9 (0.69)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 34.4 (1.10) 27.6 (1.11) 26.4 (0.97) 11.6 (0.71)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 .................... 100.0 28.0 (0.57) 24.5 (0.48) 27.7 (0.53) 19.7 (0.46)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ............... 100.0 26.6 (0.55) 23.8 (0.47) 27.7 (0.54) 21.9 (0.49)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 40.5 (1.63) 32.4 (1.68) 23.9 (1.45) 3.2 (0.67)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 31.2 (0.82) 25.3 (0.72) 27.7 (0.80) 15.8 (0.63)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 21.7 (0.83) 21.7 (0.85) 29.5 (1.00) 27.1 (0.85)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 13.3 (1.34) 16.8 (1.85) 29.2 (2.06) 40.7 (2.38)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 14.0 (2.49) 19.1 (2.66) 22.7 (2.74) 44.2 (3.41)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 29.3 (0.64) 25.0 (0.52) 27.3 (0.57) 18.4 (0.51)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 19.2 (1.11) 22.3 (1.37) 29.5 (1.40) 29.0 (1.34)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 30.8 (5.07) 29.5 (6.07) 24.4 (5.55) *15.3 (5.05)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 *9.6 (3.32) 15.9 (4.22) 48.5 (5.73) 26.0 (5.42)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 † *50.9 (18.31) *34.3 (15.61) †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 28.5 (3.56) 20.7 (3.71) 27.0 (3.94) 23.8 (3.63)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 37.7 (10.48) *21.1 (8.32) *26.9 (11.28) †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 28.7 (5.20) 27.1 (6.06) 24.3 (4.99) 20.0 (4.61)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 109

Table X. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of age of smoking initiation among current cigarette smokers 18 years of age

and over: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Age first smoked fairly regularly

Less than 16–17 18–20 21 years

Selected characteristic Total 16 years years years and over

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 30.5 (1.83) 18.4 (1.74) 25.8 (1.58) 25.4 (1.55)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 27.7 (2.49) 18.3 (2.42) 27.5 (2.32) 26.6 (2.24)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 27.8 (0.59) 24.9 (0.50) 27.8 (0.55) 19.4 (0.48)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 29.2 (0.66) 25.4 (0.53) 27.4 (0.59) 18.0 (0.52)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 19.1 (1.11) 22.5 (1.39) 29.5 (1.42) 28.9 (1.37)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 38.3 (1.32) 24.0 (1.25) 21.0 (1.13) 16.7 (0.91)

GED diploma3

............................... 100.0 43.2 (2.33) 23.1 (2.00) 21.4 (2.06) 12.4 (1.60)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 24.8 (1.03) 26.4 (1.02) 27.5 (0.89) 21.4 (0.85)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 26.8 (1.16) 24.9 (1.13) 30.8 (1.24) 17.5 (0.92)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 24.8 (1.61) 23.0 (1.62) 29.5 (1.86) 22.7 (1.50)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 17.0 (1.52) 21.9 (1.48) 36.6 (1.87) 24.5 (1.65)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 17.6 (2.52) 21.5 (2.76) 32.2 (3.36) 28.8 (3.10)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 36.9 (1.41) 23.6 (1.26) 21.6 (1.12) 17.9 (1.00)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 33.2 (1.36) 24.1 (1.24) 24.3 (1.13) 18.4 (1.00)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 27.0 (0.97) 24.7 (0.95) 29.3 (1.08) 19.0 (0.88)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 21.3 (1.02) 24.8 (1.14) 31.8 (1.13) 22.1 (1.08)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 32.7 (1.30) 26.5 (1.24) 28.4 (1.21) 12.4 (0.87)

Married ................................... 100.0 25.8 (0.83) 25.4 (0.78) 28.7 (0.83) 20.1 (0.77)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 35.4 (1.88) 26.2 (1.67) 24.2 (1.66) 14.2 (1.20)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 27.2 (1.07) 21.7 (1.03) 26.6 (0.97) 24.5 (0.94)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 20.0 (1.53) 18.3 (1.60) 27.9 (1.80) 33.8 (1.80)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 30.2 (1.38) 26.3 (1.17) 25.4 (1.07) 18.2 (0.98)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 26.6 (0.98) 25.4 (0.96) 28.9 (1.07) 19.1 (0.88)

South .................................... 100.0 27.3 (0.95) 24.2 (0.74) 28.0 (0.88) 20.4 (0.76)

West .................................... 100.0 29.5 (1.39) 21.6 (1.04) 27.8 (1.29) 21.1 (1.18)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 28.8 (0.96) 23.1 (0.93) 27.5 (0.96) 20.6 (0.84)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 27.1 (0.85) 24.8 (0.69) 28.3 (0.81) 19.8 (0.70)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 28.9 (1.17) 25.5 (0.98) 26.9 (0.96) 18.7 (0.93)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

2Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 4.4. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes current smokers with unknown age of smoking initiation. See Appendix II for

definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 110 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of current cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over who tried to quit smoking in the

past year, by current smoking status and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic smokers smokers smokers

Both sexes Percent who tried to quit (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 ................................ 43.2 (0.43) 53.2 (1.03) 40.9 (0.48)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ........................... 42.4 (0.45) 53.3 (1.08) 40.2 (0.49)

Age:

18–24 years ............................................ 51.1 (1.24) 51.4 (2.49) 51.0 (1.37)

25–44 years ............................................ 44.4 (0.62) 52.1 (1.39) 42.5 (0.68)

45–64 years ............................................ 39.4 (0.67) 56.8 (1.89) 36.3 (0.76)

65–74 years ............................................ 38.1 (1.63) 55.0 (4.22) 35.0 (1.70)

75 years and over ........................................ 31.0 (2.19) 41.9 (5.84) 29.2 (2.40)

Race:

White, single race ........................................ 42.6 (0.47) 53.7 (1.19) 40.3 (0.52)

Black or African American, single race............................ 46.5 (1.23) 54.5 (2.54) 44.2 (1.49)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ....................... 36.6 (3.82) 36.1 (7.96) 36.7 (4.24)

Asian, single race ........................................ 43.6 (3.13) 44.7 (6.60) 43.2 (3.72)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race .................. *40.5 (13.71) 90.8 (10.99) †

2 or more races ......................................... 46.8 (3.36) 50.5 (6.86) 45.8 (3.74)

Black or African American, white .............................. 47.9 (7.75) *35.3 (13.97) 50.9 (8.70)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ......................... 47.6 (4.49) 49.7 (11.73) 47.2 (4.79)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ........................................ 43.0 (1.32) 45.1 (2.02) 41.9 (1.56)

Mexican or Mexican-American ............................... 41.1 (1.61) 43.2 (2.26) 39.6 (2.02)

Not Hispanic or Latino...................................... 43.2 (0.46) 54.8 (1.18) 40.8 (0.51)

White, single race ....................................... 42.8 (0.49) 55.6 (1.32) 40.3 (0.54)

Black or African American, single race .......................... 46.4 (1.25) 54.3 (2.51) 44.1 (1.51)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................................ 40.8 (0.93) 49.2 (2.21) 39.3 (1.00)

GED diploma3

........................................... 41.3 (1.64) 63.0 (5.23) 38.9 (1.74)

High school graduate ...................................... 41.2 (0.71) 54.3 (1.82) 38.7 (0.77)

Some college—no degree ................................... 47.2 (0.97) 55.4 (2.21) 45.2 (1.05)

Associate of arts degree .................................... 47.4 (1.31) 58.8 (2.72) 44.4 (1.51)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ............................... 45.8 (1.25) 49.3 (2.16) 44.3 (1.64)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............................. 40.5 (2.18) 48.0 (4.28) 37.1 (2.44)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ....................................... 44.5 (1.15) 54.0 (2.43) 42.3 (1.24)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ................................. 44.4 (1.00) 56.1 (2.41) 41.8 (1.07)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ................................. 43.9 (0.80) 51.9 (2.11) 42.2 (0.87)

4 times poverty level or more ................................. 44.3 (0.90) 53.3 (1.96) 42.0 (1.08)

Marital status:

Never married........................................... 46.5 (0.94) 50.8 (1.89) 45.1 (1.04)

Married ............................................... 42.3 (0.65) 54.2 (1.64) 39.8 (0.72)

Cohabiting ............................................. 42.6 (1.23) 48.9 (3.16) 41.5 (1.32)

Divorced or separated...................................... 43.1 (0.92) 57.5 (2.20) 40.4 (0.96)

Widowed .............................................. 38.1 (1.70) 54.2 (3.96) 35.1 (1.85)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................................. 44.5 (1.08) 56.0 (2.32) 42.0 (1.22)

Midwest .............................................. 44.8 (0.88) 55.2 (2.25) 42.7 (0.94)

South ................................................ 41.5 (0.64) 52.2 (1.68) 39.2 (0.73)

West ................................................ 43.3 (1.07) 50.2 (2.07) 41.2 (1.19)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city ......................................... 45.3 (0.85) 49.8 (1.65) 43.9 (0.94)

MSA, not central city ...................................... 43.0 (0.59) 55.1 (1.45) 40.2 (0.65)

Not MSA .............................................. 41.3 (0.89) 54.1 (2.08) 39.3 (1.00)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 ................................ 42.2 (0.65) 50.5 (1.37) 40.2 (0.70)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ........................... 41.3 (0.66) 51.3 (1.51) 39.5 (0.71)

Age:

18–24 years ............................................ 49.7 (1.71) 46.7 (3.21) 50.6 (1.99)

25–44 years ............................................ 43.8 (0.90) 49.2 (1.84) 42.4 (1.01)

45–64 years ............................................ 37.4 (1.06) 56.3 (2.67) 34.2 (1.09)

65–74 years ............................................ 38.0 (2.40) 53.7 (6.19) 35.3 (2.60)

75 years and over ........................................ 30.0 (3.74) 42.4 (10.64) 28.3 (3.94)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 111

Table XI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of current cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over who tried to quit smoking in the

past year, by current smoking status and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic smokers smokers smokers

Men—Continued Percent who tried to quit (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ........................................ 41.3 (0.69) 50.4 (1.56) 39.4 (0.74)

Black or African American, single race............................ 45.3 (1.96) 52.1 (3.69) 43.3 (2.25)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ....................... 42.0 (5.43) 46.6 (11.61) 40.5 (6.10)

Asian, single race ........................................ 43.7 (3.88) 43.6 (7.66) 43.7 (4.52)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race .................. *53.0 (17.49) 90.8 (10.99) *42.5 (21.13)

2 or more races ......................................... 45.5 (4.98) 53.3 (10.19) 43.5 (5.53)

Black or African American, white .............................. 42.1 (10.26) † 45.5 (12.30)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ......................... 49.5 (6.57) 62.5 (16.65) 47.7 (7.15)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ........................................ 43.2 (1.55) 45.4 (2.42) 41.9 (1.89)

Mexican or Mexican-American ............................... 40.9 (1.92) 42.5 (2.62) 39.7 (2.48)

Not Hispanic or Latino...................................... 42.0 (0.70) 52.0 (1.62) 40.0 (0.74)

White, single race ....................................... 41.4 (0.74) 52.4 (1.78) 39.4 (0.78)

Black or African American, single race .......................... 44.9 (1.99) 51.7 (3.63) 42.9 (2.27)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................................ 39.5 (1.24) 46.3 (2.71) 38.1 (1.34)

GED diploma3

........................................... 38.5 (2.32) 61.5 (7.25) 36.2 (2.46)

High school graduate ...................................... 41.0 (1.07) 51.5 (2.65) 38.9 (1.18)

Some college—no degree ................................... 47.2 (1.41) 53.2 (2.93) 45.6 (1.59)

Associate of arts degree .................................... 46.4 (1.96) 57.5 (3.70) 43.4 (2.24)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ............................... 43.7 (1.90) 46.2 (3.32) 42.7 (2.16)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............................. 39.7 (2.87) 47.4 (5.38) 36.1 (3.27)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ....................................... 41.1 (1.75) 48.9 (3.64) 39.1 (1.98)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ................................. 44.6 (1.39) 56.4 (3.25) 41.7 (1.48)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ................................. 42.9 (1.15) 46.8 (2.84) 42.1 (1.27)

4 times poverty level or more ................................. 43.8 (1.25) 51.4 (2.67) 41.8 (1.39)

Marital status:

Never married........................................... 45.4 (1.32) 47.8 (2.36) 44.6 (1.48)

Married ............................................... 41.4 (0.87) 52.4 (2.00) 39.0 (0.96)

Cohabiting ............................................. 40.8 (1.64) 43.3 (4.22) 40.4 (1.77)

Divorced or separated...................................... 40.9 (1.30) 56.5 (3.08) 38.2 (1.34)

Widowed .............................................. 34.0 (3.10) 50.8 (9.10) 31.9 (3.32)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................................. 43.7 (1.75) 59.1 (3.63) 40.3 (1.76)

Midwest .............................................. 43.5 (1.24) 49.6 (3.08) 42.3 (1.27)

South ................................................ 40.8 (0.97) 50.0 (2.13) 38.7 (1.08)

West ................................................ 41.9 (1.51) 46.4 (2.49) 40.3 (1.77)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city ......................................... 44.5 (1.16) 47.9 (2.21) 43.5 (1.34)

MSA, not central city ...................................... 41.8 (0.91) 53.1 (2.05) 39.2 (0.96)

Not MSA .............................................. 40.3 (1.31) 48.6 (2.71) 38.9 (1.44)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)1 ................................ 44.4 (0.60) 56.4 (1.48) 41.8 (0.66)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)1,2 ........................... 43.6 (0.62) 55.9 (1.55) 41.0 (0.67)

Age:

18–24 years ............................................ 52.8 (1.65) 57.6 (3.42) 51.4 (1.86)

25–44 years ............................................ 45.2 (0.88) 56.1 (2.06) 42.6 (0.96)

45–64 years ............................................ 41.7 (1.02) 57.3 (2.60) 38.8 (1.13)

65–74 years ............................................ 38.2 (2.27) 56.2 (5.69) 34.7 (2.40)

75 years and over ........................................ 31.8 (2.76) 41.6 (7.47) 29.8 (3.00)

Race:

White, single race ........................................ 44.1 (0.66) 57.4 (1.68) 41.3 (0.75)

Black or African American, single race............................ 47.9 (1.50) 57.2 (3.42) 45.4 (1.66)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ....................... 30.8 (5.65) *21.1 (7.88) 32.9 (6.22)

Asian, single race ........................................ 43.3 (5.41) 48.6 (13.22) 41.7 (6.47)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race .................. † – †

2 or more races ......................................... 48.1 (4.34) 48.0 (9.62) 48.1 (4.67)

Black or African American, white .............................. 53.7 (10.80) † 55.8 (11.64)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ......................... 45.7 (6.06) *41.8 (15.44) 46.6 (6.28)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 112 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of current cigarette smokers 18 years of age and over who tried to quit smoking in the

past year, by current smoking status and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

All current Nondaily Daily

Selected characteristic smokers smokers smokers

Women—Continued Percent who tried to quit (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ........................................ 42.8 (2.03) 44.4 (3.27) 42.0 (2.45)

Mexican or Mexican-American ............................... 41.6 (2.67) 45.1 (4.12) 39.5 (3.39)

Not Hispanic or Latino...................................... 44.5 (0.63) 57.8 (1.59) 41.7 (0.69)

White, single race ....................................... 44.2 (0.69) 58.9 (1.79) 41.3 (0.78)

Black or African American, single race .......................... 48.1 (1.52) 57.3 (3.43) 45.5 (1.69)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................................ 42.7 (1.27) 53.9 (3.44) 40.8 (1.34)

GED diploma3

........................................... 44.8 (2.31) 64.5 (7.39) 42.3 (2.48)

High school graduate ...................................... 41.4 (1.05) 57.8 (2.67) 38.5 (1.15)

Some college—no degree ................................... 47.3 (1.28) 57.8 (2.87) 44.8 (1.46)

Associate of arts degree .................................... 48.4 (1.97) 60.1 (3.81) 45.3 (2.26)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ............................... 48.3 (1.99) 52.5 (3.33) 46.2 (2.57)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............................. 41.6 (3.51) 49.0 (6.48) 38.4 (3.92)

Poverty status:4

Below poverty level ....................................... 47.1 (1.37) 58.8 (3.31) 44.7 (1.43)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ................................. 44.2 (1.31) 55.8 (3.43) 41.9 (1.42)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ................................. 45.1 (1.22) 58.1 (3.11) 42.3 (1.26)

4 times poverty level or more ................................. 45.0 (1.27) 56.2 (2.75) 42.2 (1.53)

Marital status:

Never married........................................... 48.1 (1.27) 55.4 (2.78) 45.8 (1.42)

Married ............................................... 43.4 (0.97) 56.8 (2.43) 40.7 (1.04)

Cohabiting ............................................. 44.6 (1.85) 55.2 (4.84) 42.7 (1.98)

Divorced or separated...................................... 45.0 (1.22) 58.2 (2.98) 42.2 (1.28)

Widowed .............................................. 39.3 (2.03) 54.8 (4.52) 36.0 (2.23)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................................. 45.4 (1.41) 52.9 (3.45) 43.7 (1.44)

Midwest .............................................. 46.4 (1.25) 61.1 (2.85) 43.2 (1.37)

South ................................................ 42.2 (0.92) 55.2 (2.58) 39.7 (1.03)

West ................................................ 45.3 (1.36) 55.4 (3.23) 42.3 (1.49)

Place of residence:5

MSA, central city ......................................... 46.1 (1.09) 52.3 (2.40) 44.5 (1.13)

MSA, not central city ...................................... 44.5 (0.95) 57.3 (2.01) 41.5 (1.08)

Not MSA .............................................. 42.5 (1.11) 61.1 (3.75) 39.7 (1.18)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should beinterpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

2Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

3GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

4Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

5MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 4.5. Denominator for each percentage excludes current smokers for whom information on attempting to quit smoking is unknown. See Appendix II

for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 113

Table XII. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were physically inactive during their leisure

time, and crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in at least some leisure-time physical

activity for at least 10 minutes per episode, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Physically inactive1 At least some physical activity2

Selected characteristic sexes

Both

sexes Men Women

Both

sexes Men Women

Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)3 ....................

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)3,4 ...............

37.9 (0.40)

38.0 (0.40)

35.7 (0.45)

36.0 (0.45)

40.0 (0.43)

39.8 (0.43)

62.1 (0.40)

62.0 (0.40)

64.3 (0.45)

64.0 (0.45)

60.0 (0.43)

60.2 (0.43)

Age

18–24 years .................................

25–44 years .................................

45–64 years .................................

65–74 years .................................

75 years and over .............................

31.4 (0.73)

34.0 (0.48)

38.2 (0.47)

45.3 (0.76)

59.8 (0.71)

28.4 (0.94)

32.4 (0.57)

37.8 (0.59)

42.7 (1.07)

53.0 (1.13)

34.5 (0.89)

35.6 (0.58)

38.5 (0.54)

47.5 (0.88)

64.1 (0.81)

68.6 (0.73)

66.0 (0.48)

61.8 (0.47)

54.7 (0.76)

40.2 (0.71)

71.6 (0.94)

67.6 (0.57)

62.2 (0.59)

57.3 (1.07)

47.0 (1.13)

65.5 (0.89)

64.4 (0.58)

61.5 (0.54)

52.5 (0.88)

35.9 (0.81)

Race

White, single race..............................

Black or African American, single race .................

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ............

Asian, single race ..............................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race .......

2 or more races ...............................

Black or African American, white ...................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ..............

36.5 (0.43)

47.3 (0.79)

44.8 (3.13)

37.5 (1.11)

29.7 (5.11)

27.6 (1.54)

29.5 (4.12)

31.0 (2.76)

34.8 (0.48)

42.2 (1.15)

46.3 (4.04)

34.6 (1.68)

30.2 (6.46)

25.6 (2.21)

22.7 (6.36)

30.6 (3.79)

38.1 (0.47)

51.5 (0.81)

43.4 (4.12)

40.6 (1.55)

29.1 (8.17)

29.3 (1.99)

34.4 (5.65)

31.3 (3.66)

63.5 (0.43)

52.7 (0.79)

55.2 (3.13)

62.5 (1.11)

70.3 (5.11)

72.4 (1.54)

70.5 (4.12)

69.0 (2.76)

65.2 (0.48)

57.8 (1.15)

53.7 (4.04)

65.4 (1.68)

69.8 (6.46)

74.4 (2.21)

77.3 (6.36)

69.4 (3.79)

61.9 (0.47)

48.5 (0.81)

56.6 (4.12)

59.4 (1.55)

70.9 (8.17)

70.7 (1.99)

65.6 (5.65)

68.7 (3.66)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino..............................

Mexican or Mexican-American.....................

Not Hispanic or Latino ...........................

White, single race ............................

Black or African American, single race................

50.7 (0.61)

51.1 (0.76)

36.2 (0.43)

34.4 (0.46)

47.5 (0.80)

48.2 (0.77)

49.4 (0.98)

33.9 (0.48)

32.7 (0.51)

42.3 (1.16)

53.4 (0.80)

53.0 (1.02)

38.3 (0.46)

36.1 (0.50)

51.6 (0.83)

49.3 (0.61)

48.9 (0.76)

63.8 (0.43)

65.6 (0.46)

52.5 (0.80)

51.8 (0.77)

50.6 (0.98)

66.1 (0.48)

67.3 (0.51)

57.7 (1.16)

46.6 (0.80)

47.0 (1.02)

61.7 (0.46)

63.9 (0.50)

48.4 (0.83)

Education

Less than high school graduate .....................

GED diploma5 ................................

High school graduate............................

Some college—no degree.........................

Associate of arts degree..........................

Bachelor of arts, science degree.....................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ...................

60.4 (0.55)

46.3 (1.20)

44.9 (0.57)

31.7 (0.54)

30.4 (0.73)

21.8 (0.46)

18.7 (0.58)

58.0 (0.75)

45.2 (1.78)

42.6 (0.71)

29.0 (0.70)

28.8 (1.10)

20.3 (0.58)

17.5 (0.73)

62.8 (0.69)

47.5 (1.70)

46.9 (0.65)

34.1 (0.61)

31.6 (0.88)

23.2 (0.61)

20.2 (0.85)

39.6 (0.55)

53.7 (1.20)

55.1 (0.57)

68.3 (0.54)

69.6 (0.73)

78.2 (0.46)

81.3 (0.58)

42.0 (0.75)

54.8 (1.78)

57.4 (0.71)

71.0 (0.70)

71.2 (1.10)

79.7 (0.58)

82.5 (0.73)

37.2 (0.69)

52.5 (1.70)

53.1 (0.65)

65.9 (0.61)

68.4 (0.88)

76.8 (0.61)

79.8 (0.85)

Poverty status6

Below poverty level .............................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ......................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ......................

4 times poverty level or more.......................

52.2 (1.01)

49.7 (0.67)

36.1 (0.53)

23.1 (0.41)

48.6 (1.32)

48.6 (0.94)

35.5 (0.70)

22.1 (0.51)

54.6 (1.16)

50.5 (0.74)

36.6 (0.62)

24.1 (0.54)

47.8 (1.01)

50.3 (0.67)

63.9 (0.53)

76.9 (0.41)

51.4 (1.32)

51.4 (0.94)

64.5 (0.70)

77.9 (0.51)

45.4 (1.16)

49.5 (0.74)

63.4 (0.62)

75.9 (0.54)

Marital status

Never married ................................

Married ....................................

Cohabiting ..................................

Divorced or separated ...........................

Widowed ...................................

32.8 (0.54)

36.7 (0.45)

37.9 (0.88)

41.8 (0.58)

57.4 (0.70)

30.2 (0.70)

36.3 (0.49)

38.0 (1.20)

39.1 (0.88)

51.9 (1.52)

35.9 (0.72)

37.2 (0.54)

37.8 (1.12)

43.5 (0.68)

58.6 (0.74)

67.2 (0.54)

63.3 (0.45)

62.1 (0.88)

58.2 (0.58)

42.6 (0.70)

69.8 (0.70)

63.7 (0.49)

62.0 (1.20)

60.9 (0.88)

48.1 (1.52)

64.1 (0.72)

62.8 (0.54)

62.2 (1.12)

56.5 (0.68)

41.4 (0.74)

Geographic region

Northeast ...................................

Midwest ....................................

South .....................................

West ......................................

35.2 (0.63)

34.3 (0.75)

43.5 (0.79)

34.8 (0.75)

32.3 (0.74)

33.0 (0.88)

41.1 (0.86)

32.4 (0.88)

37.7 (0.80)

35.6 (0.81)

45.8 (0.83)

37.0 (0.80)

64.8 (0.63)

65.7 (0.75)

56.5 (0.79)

65.2 (0.75)

67.7 (0.74)

67.0 (0.88)

58.9 (0.86)

67.6 (0.88)

62.3 (0.80)

64.4 (0.81)

54.2 (0.83)

63.0 (0.80)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 114 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XII. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were physically inactive during their leisure

time, and crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in at least some leisure-time physical

activity for at least 10 minutes per episode, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Physically inactive1 At least some physical activity2

Both Both

Selected characteristic sexes sexes Men Women sexes Men Women

Place of residence7 Percent (standard error)

MSA, central city .............................. 39.9 (0.67) 36.3 (0.79) 43.2 (0.73) 60.1 (0.67) 63.7 (0.79) 56.8 (0.73)

MSA, not central city ............................ 34.8 (0.45) 33.1 (0.51) 36.4 (0.53) 65.2 (0.45) 66.9 (0.51) 63.6 (0.53)

Not MSA ................................... 43.2 (1.12) 41.8 (1.21) 44.5 (1.20) 56.8 (1.12) 58.2 (1.21) 55.5 (1.20)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

1Engaged in no light-moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting 10 minutes or longer per episode. Persons classified as physically inactive may include individuals who engaged in

strengthening activities but no other type of physical activity.

2Includes vigorous leisure-time physical activities, lasting 10 minutes or longer per episode, that cause heavy sweating or large increases in breathing or heart rate and/or light-moderate leisure-time

physical activities, lasting 10 minutes or longer per episode, that cause only light sweating or a slight to moderate increase in breathing or heart rate.

3Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

4Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

5GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

6Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

7MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 5.1. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown leisure-time physical activity status. See Appendix II for definitions of

terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 115

Table XIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity for

adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Times per week engaged in light-moderate activity1

Selected characteristic Total None2 Less than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................... 100.0 46.9 (0.40) 1.7 (0.05) 14.7 (0.17) 12.9 (0.16) 23.8 (0.26)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4,5 ............... 100.0 47.0 (0.40) 1.7 (0.05) 14.6 (0.17) 12.9 (0.16) 23.8 (0.26)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 45.4 (0.78) 1.4 (0.14) 15.1 (0.44) 12.6 (0.43) 25.5 (0.64)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 44.2 (0.49) 2.0 (0.08) 16.6 (0.26) 13.7 (0.24) 23.5 (0.32)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 46.0 (0.48) 1.8 (0.10) 15.1 (0.28) 13.5 (0.25) 23.6 (0.35)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 50.8 (0.76) 1.2 (0.13) 10.9 (0.40) 11.9 (0.40) 25.3 (0.62)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 63.1 (0.71) 0.9 (0.13) 7.1 (0.32) 8.1 (0.37) 20.8 (0.56)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 45.2 (0.44) 1.7 (0.06) 14.9 (0.20) 13.4 (0.18) 24.8 (0.29)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 57.4 (0.75) 1.8 (0.15) 12.8 (0.41) 10.7 (0.36) 17.4 (0.47)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 53.9 (3.60) *0.9 (0.43) 12.5 (1.79) 10.4 (1.46) 22.3 (2.57)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 48.2 (1.11) 2.0 (0.30) 16.3 (0.88) 11.1 (0.66) 22.4 (0.87)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 41.7 (6.70) † 17.5 (4.47) *13.1 (5.30) 23.9 (6.09)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 37.4 (1.64) 2.4 (0.50) 16.3 (1.33) 15.2 (1.25) 28.7 (1.68)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 46.1 (4.67) † 11.5 (2.68) 14.0 (3.26) 26.3 (4.27)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 37.7 (2.96) *1.6 (0.69) 17.2 (2.17) 12.0 (1.77) 31.5 (3.02)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 61.4 (0.59) 1.4 (0.13) 10.8 (0.31) 9.7 (0.32) 16.6 (0.39)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 61.7 (0.74) 1.5 (0.18) 11.1 (0.38) 9.0 (0.36) 16.6 (0.48)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 45.0 (0.43) 1.7 (0.06) 15.2 (0.19) 13.4 (0.17) 24.7 (0.28)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 42.9 (0.47) 1.7 (0.06) 15.5 (0.21) 13.9 (0.19) 25.9 (0.31)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 57.5 (0.74) 1.8 (0.15) 12.7 (0.42) 10.6 (0.35) 17.5 (0.48)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 66.9 (0.53) 1.3 (0.11) 8.5 (0.28) 6.8 (0.25) 16.5 (0.39)

GED diploma6

............................... 100.0 54.4 (1.20) 2.4 (0.36) 12.9 (0.87) 8.3 (0.67) 22.1 (0.98)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 52.8 (0.55) 1.6 (0.10) 13.3 (0.28) 10.6 (0.27) 21.7 (0.41)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 42.1 (0.59) 1.9 (0.12) 15.4 (0.35) 14.2 (0.33) 26.4 (0.50)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 39.2 (0.79) 2.0 (0.16) 17.2 (0.47) 15.1 (0.47) 26.6 (0.58)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 32.8 (0.55) 1.6 (0.12) 19.3 (0.36) 18.4 (0.40) 27.8 (0.48)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 29.9 (0.74) 2.0 (0.22) 19.7 (0.56) 18.8 (0.51) 29.6 (0.66)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 59.8 (0.90) 1.2 (0.12) 10.3 (0.39) 8.3 (0.34) 20.4 (0.64)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 57.1 (0.65) 1.5 (0.13) 11.5 (0.35) 9.6 (0.32) 20.3 (0.46)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 44.8 (0.56) 1.9 (0.11) 15.5 (0.32) 12.9 (0.29) 24.9 (0.43)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 33.1 (0.47) 2.1 (0.11) 19.3 (0.30) 17.1 (0.30) 28.4 (0.37)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 45.8 (0.61) 1.7 (0.12) 14.8 (0.32) 12.9 (0.29) 24.9 (0.46)

Married ................................... 100.0 45.1 (0.46) 1.8 (0.07) 15.5 (0.24) 13.7 (0.21) 23.9 (0.31)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 47.5 (0.95) 1.9 (0.24) 14.5 (0.64) 11.5 (0.55) 24.6 (0.81)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 50.0 (0.60) 1.8 (0.13) 13.5 (0.34) 11.9 (0.30) 22.7 (0.46)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 61.0 (0.69) 0.8 (0.12) 9.0 (0.36) 8.8 (0.38) 20.3 (0.51)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 44.5 (0.68) 1.8 (0.15) 14.7 (0.33) 12.3 (0.32) 26.6 (0.51)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 43.0 (0.79) 1.9 (0.12) 16.5 (0.40) 13.5 (0.33) 25.1 (0.52)

South .................................... 100.0 52.1 (0.78) 1.5 (0.08) 13.4 (0.30) 12.3 (0.28) 20.7 (0.47)

West .................................... 100.0 44.7 (0.77) 1.6 (0.11) 14.9 (0.36) 13.9 (0.34) 24.9 (0.47)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city ............................ 100.0 50.4 (0.70) 1.6 (0.09) 13.9 (0.31) 11.9 (0.28) 22.2 (0.42)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 43.8 (0.47) 1.8 (0.08) 15.8 (0.24) 14.0 (0.21) 24.5 (0.33)

Not MSA ................................. 100.0 50.2 (1.12) 1.5 (0.12) 12.9 (0.41) 11.4 (0.39) 23.9 (0.69)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................... 100.0 46.7 (0.46) 1.9 (0.09) 15.2 (0.26) 12.1 (0.21) 24.3 (0.31)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4,5 ............... 100.0 46.8 (0.46) 1.9 (0.08) 15.0 (0.26) 12.0 (0.21) 24.3 (0.31)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 46.2 (1.04) 1.4 (0.21) 13.5 (0.61) 11.8 (0.59) 27.1 (0.88)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 44.7 (0.59) 2.2 (0.13) 17.1 (0.39) 12.6 (0.32) 23.4 (0.42)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 46.7 (0.62) 2.0 (0.15) 15.8 (0.40) 12.3 (0.36) 23.2 (0.46)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 48.8 (1.08) 1.4 (0.20) 11.3 (0.64) 11.5 (0.60) 27.0 (0.87)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 57.3 (1.17) 1.3 (0.25) 7.9 (0.54) 8.7 (0.60) 24.8 (0.95)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 116 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity for

adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Times per week engaged in light-moderate activity1

Selected characteristic Total None2 Less than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 45.2 (0.51) 1.9 (0.10) 15.4 (0.29) 12.4 (0.23) 25.1 (0.34)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 55.4 (1.15) 1.8 (0.22) 13.1 (0.67) 10.2 (0.51) 19.4 (0.82)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 58.6 (4.72) *1.8 (0.86) 7.8 (1.82) 11.3 (2.30) 20.6 (3.59)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 48.1 (1.64) 2.0 (0.47) 18.2 (1.37) 9.3 (0.93) 22.3 (1.44)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 41.9 (8.13) † *13.5 (4.59) *16.9 (8.32) *22.5 (7.84)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 36.9 (2.38) *2.2 (0.81) 12.4 (1.63) 14.8 (1.71) 33.7 (2.53)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 48.1 (7.79) – *11.9 (4.53) *12.3 (4.79) 27.7 (6.90)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 38.5 (4.15) † 14.4 (2.73) 9.2 (2.20) 36.8 (4.51)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 61.8 (0.78) 1.6 (0.19) 11.3 (0.48) 9.1 (0.44) 16.2 (0.57)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 62.8 (1.02) 1.7 (0.23) 11.4 (0.59) 8.2 (0.50) 16.0 (0.68)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 44.5 (0.50) 1.9 (0.09) 15.7 (0.28) 12.5 (0.23) 25.4 (0.34)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 42.7 (0.54) 1.9 (0.10) 16.1 (0.31) 13.0 (0.25) 26.3 (0.36)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 55.6 (1.14) 1.9 (0.22) 12.9 (0.67) 10.1 (0.48) 19.6 (0.83)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 66.6 (0.71) 1.5 (0.18) 8.5 (0.42) 6.4 (0.35) 17.0 (0.58)

GED diploma6

............................... 100.0 54.8 (1.75) 3.2 (0.61) 14.0 (1.37) 6.5 (0.80) 21.4 (1.41)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 52.6 (0.69) 1.7 (0.16) 14.1 (0.45) 9.8 (0.37) 21.7 (0.53)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 41.7 (0.72) 2.2 (0.20) 15.1 (0.49) 13.2 (0.49) 27.8 (0.71)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 39.3 (1.17) 2.3 (0.28) 17.6 (0.83) 13.5 (0.69) 27.4 (0.85)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 33.1 (0.74) 1.9 (0.18) 20.1 (0.58) 17.3 (0.50) 27.6 (0.67)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 29.7 (0.94) 2.0 (0.30) 20.3 (0.79) 17.9 (0.71) 30.2 (0.91)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 59.0 (1.28) 1.2 (0.21) 10.2 (0.58) 8.2 (0.58) 21.3 (0.91)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 57.9 (0.92) 1.8 (0.22) 11.4 (0.53) 8.9 (0.48) 20.1 (0.65)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 46.3 (0.72) 1.9 (0.16) 15.2 (0.44) 11.6 (0.37) 25.0 (0.59)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 33.6 (0.59) 2.3 (0.16) 19.8 (0.43) 15.8 (0.42) 28.5 (0.51)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 46.1 (0.78) 1.7 (0.18) 13.7 (0.45) 12.2 (0.40) 26.3 (0.63)

Married ................................... 100.0 45.7 (0.53) 1.9 (0.11) 16.3 (0.34) 12.5 (0.28) 23.6 (0.37)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 49.3 (1.30) 2.3 (0.38) 14.0 (0.86) 10.7 (0.74) 23.8 (1.13)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 49.7 (0.92) 1.9 (0.21) 13.8 (0.55) 10.7 (0.48) 23.9 (0.67)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 55.7 (1.47) 1.3 (0.36) 8.2 (0.70) 9.0 (0.84) 25.7 (1.34)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 43.7 (0.81) 2.0 (0.24) 15.4 (0.54) 11.3 (0.39) 27.7 (0.65)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 42.9 (0.94) 2.3 (0.20) 17.0 (0.63) 12.6 (0.43) 25.3 (0.62)

South .................................... 100.0 51.7 (0.84) 1.6 (0.12) 13.8 (0.42) 11.7 (0.39) 21.3 (0.56)

West .................................... 100.0 44.9 (0.96) 1.9 (0.18) 15.2 (0.50) 12.8 (0.45) 25.2 (0.61)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city ............................ 100.0 49.4 (0.82) 1.7 (0.13) 14.5 (0.45) 11.3 (0.39) 23.1 (0.53)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 43.9 (0.54) 2.0 (0.12) 16.2 (0.38) 12.9 (0.27) 25.0 (0.41)

Not MSA ................................. 100.0 50.1 (1.20) 1.8 (0.19) 13.3 (0.52) 10.9 (0.52) 23.9 (0.79)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................... 100.0 47.2 (0.44) 1.5 (0.06) 14.3 (0.19) 13.7 (0.19) 23.3 (0.31)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4,5 ............... 100.0 47.1 (0.44) 1.5 (0.06) 14.3 (0.20) 13.8 (0.19) 23.3 (0.32)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 44.6 (0.94) 1.4 (0.18) 16.7 (0.60) 13.3 (0.60) 23.9 (0.81)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 43.8 (0.57) 1.8 (0.11) 16.0 (0.33) 14.9 (0.29) 23.6 (0.42)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 45.4 (0.56) 1.6 (0.12) 14.4 (0.35) 14.7 (0.34) 24.0 (0.45)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 52.4 (0.85) 1.1 (0.15) 10.5 (0.51) 12.2 (0.49) 23.9 (0.76)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 66.8 (0.80) 0.7 (0.13) 6.7 (0.39) 7.6 (0.44) 18.2 (0.65)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 45.2 (0.49) 1.4 (0.07) 14.5 (0.23) 14.3 (0.23) 24.6 (0.36)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 58.9 (0.83) 1.8 (0.20) 12.5 (0.43) 11.0 (0.48) 15.8 (0.46)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 49.4 (4.13) † 17.0 (2.71) 9.5 (1.83) 23.9 (3.08)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 48.2 (1.56) 1.9 (0.36) 14.5 (1.09) 13.0 (0.97) 22.4 (1.17)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 41.3 (9.97) † *23.5 (7.26) † 25.9 (7.45)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 37.8 (2.22) 2.5 (0.71) 19.6 (1.80) 15.5 (1.64) 24.5 (2.12)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 44.7 (5.89) † 11.2 (3.33) 15.3 (4.00) 25.4 (5.22)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 37.0 (3.99) † 19.5 (2.91) 14.3 (2.53) 27.3 (3.46)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 117

Table XIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity for

adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Times per week engaged in light-moderate activity1

Selected characteristic Total None2 Less than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 61.1 (0.77) 1.3 (0.16) 10.3 (0.43) 10.3 (0.43) 17.0 (0.53)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 60.5 (0.95) 1.4 (0.25) 10.9 (0.56) 10.0 (0.50) 17.2 (0.64)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 45.4 (0.47) 1.5 (0.07) 14.8 (0.21) 14.2 (0.20) 24.1 (0.34)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 43.1 (0.52) 1.5 (0.07) 15.1 (0.25) 14.8 (0.24) 25.5 (0.39)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 59.0 (0.84) 1.8 (0.20) 12.5 (0.44) 10.9 (0.48) 15.8 (0.46)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 67.2 (0.64) 1.1 (0.13) 8.6 (0.36) 7.1 (0.34) 16.0 (0.46)

GED diploma6

............................... 100.0 54.0 (1.68) 1.5 (0.34) 11.6 (0.96) 10.2 (1.05) 22.8 (1.39)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 53.0 (0.65) 1.5 (0.12) 12.5 (0.34) 11.2 (0.35) 21.7 (0.52)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 42.5 (0.70) 1.6 (0.14) 15.6 (0.44) 15.1 (0.42) 25.1 (0.58)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 39.1 (0.92) 1.7 (0.21) 16.9 (0.61) 16.3 (0.64) 26.0 (0.79)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 32.6 (0.72) 1.4 (0.15) 18.6 (0.47) 19.4 (0.56) 28.0 (0.69)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 30.1 (0.96) 2.1 (0.28) 18.9 (0.80) 19.9 (0.77) 28.9 (0.94)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 60.3 (1.00) 1.2 (0.16) 10.4 (0.49) 8.3 (0.43) 19.8 (0.78)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 56.5 (0.69) 1.4 (0.15) 11.7 (0.43) 10.1 (0.37) 20.4 (0.58)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 43.4 (0.64) 1.8 (0.14) 15.7 (0.43) 14.2 (0.40) 24.8 (0.53)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 32.6 (0.59) 1.8 (0.14) 18.9 (0.40) 18.5 (0.40) 28.2 (0.51)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 45.5 (0.77) 1.6 (0.16) 16.1 (0.48) 13.7 (0.43) 23.2 (0.61)

Married ................................... 100.0 44.4 (0.55) 1.6 (0.09) 14.8 (0.28) 15.0 (0.25) 24.3 (0.41)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 45.8 (1.20) 1.5 (0.27) 15.0 (0.94) 12.3 (0.73) 25.5 (1.02)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 50.2 (0.70) 1.7 (0.17) 13.3 (0.42) 12.7 (0.41) 22.0 (0.59)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 62.3 (0.73) 0.7 (0.11) 9.2 (0.41) 8.8 (0.40) 19.1 (0.51)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 45.3 (0.82) 1.6 (0.15) 14.2 (0.34) 13.3 (0.45) 25.7 (0.67)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 43.1 (0.85) 1.6 (0.12) 16.0 (0.41) 14.3 (0.39) 25.0 (0.61)

South .................................... 100.0 52.4 (0.83) 1.5 (0.11) 12.9 (0.35) 12.9 (0.30) 20.3 (0.57)

West .................................... 100.0 44.6 (0.80) 1.4 (0.12) 14.6 (0.42) 14.9 (0.43) 24.5 (0.65)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city ............................ 100.0 51.3 (0.77) 1.4 (0.11) 13.3 (0.36) 12.5 (0.30) 21.4 (0.51)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 43.7 (0.54) 1.7 (0.09) 15.4 (0.26) 15.1 (0.27) 24.1 (0.43)

Not MSA ................................. 100.0 50.3 (1.19) 1.2 (0.14) 12.6 (0.52) 12.0 (0.46) 23.9 (0.80)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Light-moderate activity: Leisure-time physical activities that cause only light sweating or a light to moderate increase in breathing or heart rate and are done for at least 10 minutes per episode.

2None: Persons classified as not doing light-moderate activity may include individuals who engaged in vigorous activity but did not engage in light-moderate activity.

3‘‘Less than 1’’ refers to frequencies of light-moderate activities lasting 10 minutes per episode that occurred less than one time per week (for example, three times per month.)

4Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

5Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

6GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

7Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

8MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 5.2. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown light-moderate leisure-time physical activity status. See

Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 118 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XIV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in vigorous leisure-time physical activity, for adults

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Times per week engaged in vigorous activity1

Selected characteristic Total None2 Less than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................... 100.0 59.9 (0.38) 2.9 (0.08) 12.2 (0.18) 13.2 (0.17) 11.8 (0.17)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4,5 ............... 100.0 60.0 (0.38) 2.8 (0.08) 12.2 (0.18) 13.2 (0.17) 11.8 (0.17)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 46.4 (0.82) 3.3 (0.25) 16.3 (0.50) 17.3 (0.51) 16.8 (0.50)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 52.6 (0.48) 3.5 (0.13) 15.2 (0.28) 15.9 (0.25) 12.8 (0.23)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 63.3 (0.46) 2.8 (0.14) 10.9 (0.24) 12.1 (0.25) 10.9 (0.24)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 76.8 (0.66) 1.3 (0.14) 5.6 (0.29) 7.5 (0.35) 8.7 (0.40)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 87.7 (0.47) 0.8 (0.11) 3.1 (0.23) 3.3 (0.25) 5.1 (0.30)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 58.8 (0.42) 2.9 (0.09) 12.4 (0.20) 13.6 (0.19) 12.3 (0.19)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 66.4 (0.75) 2.3 (0.15) 10.6 (0.36) 11.4 (0.39) 9.3 (0.36)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 67.6 (2.35) *1.3 (0.52) 9.3 (1.47) 10.1 (1.49) 11.7 (1.79)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 62.9 (1.20) 3.4 (0.47) 12.4 (0.80) 11.9 (0.82) 9.4 (0.67)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 52.0 (6.80) † *18.5 (6.13) 11.9 (3.43) 14.7 (3.77)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 51.7 (1.97) 3.2 (0.58) 15.1 (1.23) 17.1 (1.39) 12.9 (1.05)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 51.7 (4.58) *3.4 (1.63) 15.4 (3.10) 17.4 (3.52) 12.1 (3.52)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 53.9 (3.04) 4.3 (1.01) 14.9 (1.83) 13.2 (2.02) 13.7 (1.87)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 68.4 (0.54) 2.2 (0.16) 10.4 (0.33) 9.5 (0.29) 9.5 (0.31)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 68.5 (0.66) 2.4 (0.22) 10.6 (0.42) 9.3 (0.35) 9.2 (0.39)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 58.8 (0.41) 2.9 (0.09) 12.5 (0.19) 13.7 (0.19) 12.1 (0.18)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 57.5 (0.45) 3.0 (0.10) 12.7 (0.21) 14.1 (0.21) 12.7 (0.20)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 66.5 (0.77) 2.3 (0.15) 10.5 (0.36) 11.4 (0.39) 9.2 (0.37)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 79.0 (0.45) 1.5 (0.14) 6.7 (0.24) 5.2 (0.24) 7.6 (0.28)

GED diploma6

............................... 100.0 68.8 (1.15) 2.3 (0.32) 10.9 (0.86) 7.9 (0.65) 10.1 (0.71)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 68.1 (0.52) 2.3 (0.13) 10.0 (0.26) 9.1 (0.22) 10.5 (0.28)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 53.7 (0.60) 3.5 (0.18) 14.1 (0.35) 15.2 (0.38) 13.5 (0.34)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 54.9 (0.77) 3.2 (0.23) 13.6 (0.46) 15.9 (0.50) 12.4 (0.43)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 44.3 (0.61) 3.8 (0.19) 16.7 (0.42) 20.7 (0.42) 14.4 (0.36)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 41.0 (0.80) 4.0 (0.30) 16.9 (0.53) 22.5 (0.56) 15.6 (0.52)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 71.5 (1.04) 1.9 (0.18) 8.7 (0.45) 7.9 (0.42) 9.9 (0.47)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 71.1 (0.59) 2.3 (0.17) 9.1 (0.29) 8.1 (0.29) 9.3 (0.34)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 59.8 (0.53) 3.0 (0.14) 13.1 (0.28) 12.5 (0.30) 11.6 (0.28)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 45.8 (0.51) 4.0 (0.16) 16.4 (0.31) 19.3 (0.33) 14.5 (0.27)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 49.3 (0.60) 3.1 (0.16) 14.6 (0.36) 17.3 (0.40) 15.7 (0.39)

Married ................................... 100.0 60.0 (0.43) 3.0 (0.11) 12.6 (0.22) 13.0 (0.21) 11.3 (0.20)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 56.9 (0.89) 3.4 (0.32) 13.9 (0.60) 13.6 (0.57) 12.3 (0.50)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 65.0 (0.53) 2.3 (0.16) 10.1 (0.30) 11.7 (0.31) 11.0 (0.30)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 85.2 (0.46) 0.9 (0.11) 3.9 (0.23) 4.4 (0.25) 5.6 (0.28)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 59.4 (0.66) 2.6 (0.13) 11.6 (0.36) 13.9 (0.42) 12.6 (0.35)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 57.1 (0.72) 3.5 (0.18) 13.9 (0.36) 13.6 (0.34) 11.8 (0.32)

South .................................... 100.0 63.9 (0.72) 2.5 (0.13) 11.0 (0.29) 11.9 (0.28) 10.8 (0.31)

West .................................... 100.0 56.8 (0.79) 3.0 (0.21) 13.0 (0.44) 14.4 (0.36) 12.8 (0.32)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 60.1 (0.65) 2.7 (0.13) 12.3 (0.29) 13.5 (0.31) 11.5 (0.28)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 57.9 (0.46) 3.0 (0.11) 12.6 (0.23) 14.3 (0.21) 12.2 (0.22)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 64.9 (0.97) 2.7 (0.21) 11.2 (0.43) 10.0 (0.43) 11.2 (0.42)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................... 100.0 53.8 (0.46) 3.5 (0.12) 14.6 (0.26) 14.0 (0.24) 14.1 (0.25)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4,5 ............... 100.0 54.4 (0.45) 3.4 (0.12) 14.4 (0.25) 13.9 (0.23) 14.0 (0.25)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 37.9 (1.08) 3.5 (0.39) 18.0 (0.74) 19.1 (0.79) 21.6 (0.79)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 46.6 (0.59) 4.1 (0.19) 18.1 (0.42) 16.5 (0.36) 14.7 (0.35)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 59.2 (0.62) 3.6 (0.23) 12.8 (0.33) 12.2 (0.37) 12.3 (0.34)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 73.0 (0.99) 1.8 (0.25) 7.1 (0.51) 8.0 (0.53) 10.2 (0.61)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 82.5 (0.80) 1.0 (0.21) 3.8 (0.39) 4.8 (0.49) 7.9 (0.53)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 119

Table XIV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in vigorous leisure-time physical activity, for adults

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Times per week engaged in vigorous activity1

Selected characteristic Total None2 Less than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 53.3 (0.50) 3.6 (0.14) 14.5 (0.28) 14.0 (0.26) 14.5 (0.28)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 57.5 (1.12) 2.3 (0.26) 13.3 (0.65) 14.5 (0.68) 12.4 (0.58)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 63.2 (3.50) *2.0 (0.86) 12.5 (2.24) 11.7 (2.85) 10.6 (2.23)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 55.9 (1.75) 3.9 (0.81) 15.9 (1.35) 12.8 (1.12) 11.5 (1.02)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 48.9 (7.80) † † *17.7 (5.74) *14.6 (4.81)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 44.6 (2.51) 2.9 (0.77) 17.9 (1.96) 18.8 (2.16) 15.8 (1.70)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 35.2 (6.92) † 21.6 (5.40) 22.0 (6.16) *16.7 (6.56)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 49.0 (4.31) *4.2 (1.42) 17.6 (2.99) 12.7 (3.42) 16.5 (3.25)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 61.4 (0.78) 2.5 (0.26) 13.7 (0.49) 10.8 (0.45) 11.5 (0.48)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 62.3 (0.95) 2.9 (0.36) 13.8 (0.59) 10.2 (0.55) 10.8 (0.58)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 52.8 (0.50) 3.6 (0.13) 14.7 (0.28) 14.5 (0.26) 14.4 (0.27)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 51.9 (0.54) 3.8 (0.15) 14.8 (0.30) 14.6 (0.28) 14.9 (0.31)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 57.7 (1.15) 2.4 (0.26) 13.0 (0.67) 14.5 (0.70) 12.3 (0.59)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 73.4 (0.70) 1.6 (0.21) 8.7 (0.39) 6.3 (0.38) 10.0 (0.46)

GED diploma6

............................... 100.0 64.5 (1.78) 2.8 (0.52) 13.4 (1.37) 8.3 (0.93) 10.9 (0.98)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 61.7 (0.67) 2.9 (0.20) 12.7 (0.42) 9.6 (0.35) 13.0 (0.45)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 47.0 (0.82) 4.1 (0.29) 15.9 (0.54) 16.3 (0.59) 16.8 (0.56)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 49.1 (1.16) 3.9 (0.42) 16.0 (0.74) 16.4 (0.75) 14.5 (0.67)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 38.3 (0.78) 4.7 (0.30) 19.8 (0.63) 21.2 (0.61) 16.0 (0.57)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 36.7 (1.03) 4.7 (0.47) 18.2 (0.70) 23.5 (0.83) 16.9 (0.76)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 63.7 (1.41) 2.1 (0.31) 11.2 (0.71) 10.4 (0.72) 12.6 (0.76)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 65.6 (0.88) 2.9 (0.29) 11.4 (0.52) 9.0 (0.46) 11.1 (0.51)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 54.9 (0.72) 3.5 (0.23) 15.0 (0.44) 12.4 (0.39) 14.1 (0.44)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 40.8 (0.66) 4.5 (0.23) 18.7 (0.45) 19.7 (0.47) 16.3 (0.44)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 42.7 (0.76) 3.3 (0.25) 15.9 (0.51) 18.8 (0.57) 19.3 (0.56)

Married ................................... 100.0 56.3 (0.53) 3.6 (0.16) 14.8 (0.31) 12.8 (0.29) 12.5 (0.29)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 52.0 (1.27) 4.7 (0.54) 15.3 (0.86) 13.7 (0.81) 14.3 (0.79)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 58.1 (0.83) 2.7 (0.27) 12.0 (0.51) 13.4 (0.51) 13.8 (0.53)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 81.1 (1.13) 1.2 (0.27) 4.8 (0.57) 5.3 (0.67) 7.7 (0.77)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 52.7 (0.83) 3.4 (0.23) 14.0 (0.53) 14.9 (0.53) 15.0 (0.61)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 52.1 (0.88) 4.2 (0.26) 16.1 (0.56) 14.0 (0.50) 13.6 (0.47)

South .................................... 100.0 57.8 (0.86) 2.8 (0.17) 13.2 (0.41) 13.0 (0.42) 13.1 (0.43)

West .................................... 100.0 49.9 (0.96) 3.8 (0.31) 15.6 (0.60) 15.3 (0.47) 15.5 (0.53)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 52.7 (0.81) 3.3 (0.22) 15.1 (0.44) 14.8 (0.43) 14.2 (0.41)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 52.1 (0.55) 3.6 (0.16) 14.8 (0.33) 15.0 (0.31) 14.5 (0.35)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 59.9 (1.09) 3.3 (0.29) 13.3 (0.57) 10.4 (0.59) 13.0 (0.54)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)4 .................... 100.0 65.6 (0.40) 2.3 (0.09) 10.1 (0.19) 12.4 (0.20) 9.7 (0.18)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)4,5 ............... 100.0 65.2 (0.40) 2.3 (0.09) 10.2 (0.19) 12.5 (0.20) 9.8 (0.18)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 54.8 (0.98) 3.2 (0.31) 14.6 (0.64) 15.5 (0.59) 12.0 (0.58)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 58.4 (0.56) 2.9 (0.16) 12.4 (0.31) 15.3 (0.32) 10.9 (0.27)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 67.1 (0.49) 2.0 (0.12) 9.1 (0.30) 12.1 (0.30) 9.6 (0.28)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 80.0 (0.70) 1.0 (0.16) 4.5 (0.32) 7.1 (0.42) 7.5 (0.45)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 91.1 (0.50) 0.7 (0.12) 2.6 (0.25) 2.4 (0.26) 3.3 (0.30)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 64.0 (0.44) 2.3 (0.10) 10.4 (0.22) 13.1 (0.23) 10.2 (0.20)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 73.4 (0.74) 2.3 (0.20) 8.5 (0.39) 8.9 (0.38) 6.8 (0.35)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 72.0 (3.24) † 6.1 (1.53) 8.4 (1.65) 12.8 (2.65)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 70.2 (1.39) 2.8 (0.49) 8.7 (0.81) 11.1 (0.99) 7.2 (0.79)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 56.5 (9.70) † *21.1 (8.75) † *14.9 (6.15)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 57.7 (2.62) 3.4 (0.80) 12.6 (1.48) 15.7 (1.72) 10.5 (1.40)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 63.6 (6.12) † *11.0 (3.55) 14.0 (4.03) *8.8 (3.50)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 57.8 (4.17) *4.4 (1.43) 12.7 (2.24) 13.6 (2.65) 11.5 (2.29)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 120 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XIV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of times per week engaged in vigorous leisure-time physical activity, for adults

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Times per week engaged in vigorous activity1

Selected characteristic Total None2 Less than 13 1–2 3–4 5 or more

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 75.5 (0.66) 1.8 (0.19) 7.1 (0.35) 8.3 (0.40) 7.3 (0.37)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 75.3 (0.82) 1.8 (0.24) 7.1 (0.45) 8.3 (0.52) 7.4 (0.43)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 64.3 (0.43) 2.4 (0.10) 10.4 (0.21) 12.9 (0.21) 10.0 (0.20)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 62.6 (0.47) 2.3 (0.11) 10.8 (0.24) 13.7 (0.24) 10.6 (0.22)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 73.5 (0.76) 2.3 (0.21) 8.5 (0.40) 8.9 (0.39) 6.8 (0.37)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 84.3 (0.51) 1.3 (0.16) 4.8 (0.29) 4.2 (0.29) 5.3 (0.29)

GED diploma6

............................... 100.0 73.3 (1.38) 1.8 (0.39) 8.2 (0.92) 7.5 (0.84) 9.2 (0.97)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 73.7 (0.56) 1.8 (0.14) 7.6 (0.28) 8.6 (0.28) 8.2 (0.31)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 59.6 (0.66) 2.9 (0.21) 12.5 (0.43) 14.3 (0.44) 10.6 (0.37)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 59.3 (0.92) 2.7 (0.28) 11.7 (0.54) 15.5 (0.63) 10.8 (0.54)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 50.0 (0.72) 2.9 (0.21) 13.8 (0.48) 20.2 (0.52) 13.0 (0.46)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 46.3 (1.05) 3.1 (0.32) 15.3 (0.69) 21.2 (0.71) 14.0 (0.65)

Poverty status:7

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 76.8 (1.15) 1.8 (0.23) 7.1 (0.53) 6.3 (0.44) 8.0 (0.48)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 75.5 (0.63) 1.9 (0.18) 7.3 (0.34) 7.4 (0.37) 7.9 (0.41)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 64.6 (0.61) 2.5 (0.17) 11.2 (0.36) 12.6 (0.40) 9.2 (0.32)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 51.2 (0.61) 3.4 (0.20) 13.9 (0.38) 18.9 (0.42) 12.7 (0.35)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 57.2 (0.79) 2.8 (0.22) 13.1 (0.50) 15.4 (0.48) 11.4 (0.48)

Married ................................... 100.0 63.8 (0.49) 2.5 (0.12) 10.4 (0.25) 13.3 (0.26) 10.1 (0.25)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 61.7 (1.11) 2.0 (0.32) 12.6 (0.81) 13.4 (0.81) 10.3 (0.63)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 69.6 (0.61) 2.0 (0.17) 8.8 (0.35) 10.6 (0.39) 9.0 (0.35)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 86.2 (0.50) 0.9 (0.11) 3.7 (0.25) 4.1 (0.26) 5.1 (0.29)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 65.2 (0.75) 1.9 (0.17) 9.5 (0.38) 13.0 (0.49) 10.4 (0.37)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 61.8 (0.76) 2.9 (0.21) 11.9 (0.42) 13.2 (0.41) 10.1 (0.39)

South .................................... 100.0 69.5 (0.74) 2.1 (0.15) 8.9 (0.30) 10.9 (0.30) 8.6 (0.32)

West .................................... 100.0 63.5 (0.79) 2.2 (0.17) 10.5 (0.44) 13.5 (0.43) 10.3 (0.35)

Place of residence:8

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 66.7 (0.69) 2.2 (0.15) 9.8 (0.29) 12.3 (0.37) 9.1 (0.29)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 63.4 (0.51) 2.4 (0.12) 10.6 (0.25) 13.6 (0.27) 10.0 (0.25)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 69.4 (1.05) 2.2 (0.22) 9.2 (0.50) 9.6 (0.43) 9.6 (0.47)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Vigorous activity: Leisure-time physical activities that cause heavy sweating or large increases in breathing or heart rate and are done for at least 10 minutes per episode.

2None: Persons classified as not doing vigorous activity may include individuals who engaged in light-moderate activity but did not engage in vigorous activity.

3‘‘Less than 1’’ refers to frequencies of vigorous activities lasting 10 minutes per episode that occurred less than one time per week (for example, three times per month).

4Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

5Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

6GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

7Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

8MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 5.3. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown leisure-time physical activity status. See Appendix II for

definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 121

Table XV. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity,

by type of activity and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Regular activity1

LightSelected characteristic moderate Vigorous Any

Both sexes Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................ 15.1 (0.20) 23.1 (0.25) 31.6 (0.29)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ........................... 15.1 (0.20) 23.1 (0.25) 31.6 (0.29)

Age:

18–24 years ............................................ 16.7 (0.53) 32.2 (0.69) 39.3 (0.74)

25–44 years ............................................ 14.7 (0.26) 26.7 (0.32) 34.0 (0.38)

45–64 years ............................................ 15.1 (0.29) 21.0 (0.34) 30.4 (0.38)

65–74 years ............................................ 17.1 (0.53) 14.4 (0.52) 27.0 (0.64)

75 years and over ........................................ 12.0 (0.45) 7.0 (0.37) 16.8 (0.49)

Race:

White, single race ........................................ 15.8 (0.23) 23.9 (0.28) 32.8 (0.33)

Black or African American, single race............................ 11.1 (0.38) 19.2 (0.57) 25.5 (0.62)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ....................... 12.4 (1.96) 18.2 (2.16) 26.1 (2.52)

Asian, single race ........................................ 13.1 (0.76) 19.7 (1.00) 28.9 (1.09)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race .................. *19.0 (6.05) 26.6 (5.29) 37.0 (5.74)

2 or more races ......................................... 17.0 (1.30) 26.9 (1.59) 35.8 (1.69)

Black or African American, white .............................. 16.3 (3.69) 28.8 (4.51) 37.9 (4.55)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ......................... 17.8 (2.31) 22.8 (2.62) 33.1 (2.86)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ........................................ 11.3 (0.32) 17.4 (0.40) 24.1 (0.44)

Mexican or Mexican-American ............................... 11.4 (0.37) 16.8 (0.50) 23.7 (0.53)

Not Hispanic or Latino...................................... 15.6 (0.22) 23.8 (0.28) 32.7 (0.32)

White, single race ....................................... 16.4 (0.25) 24.7 (0.30) 33.9 (0.35)

Black or African American, single race .......................... 11.1 (0.39) 19.2 (0.58) 25.5 (0.64)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................................ 10.8 (0.33) 11.2 (0.33) 18.3 (0.40)

GED diploma4

........................................... 14.4 (0.83) 15.8 (0.82) 24.5 (1.02)

High school graduate ...................................... 14.0 (0.35) 17.5 (0.37) 26.4 (0.46)

Some college—no degree ................................... 16.8 (0.38) 26.6 (0.51) 35.5 (0.55)

Associate of arts degree .................................... 16.8 (0.48) 26.2 (0.60) 35.7 (0.65)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ............................... 17.2 (0.41) 33.4 (0.52) 42.1 (0.52)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............................. 18.1 (0.52) 36.4 (0.71) 45.3 (0.72)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ....................................... 12.3 (0.51) 16.4 (0.72) 23.7 (0.77)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ................................. 12.5 (0.36) 15.5 (0.43) 23.4 (0.49)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ................................. 15.8 (0.35) 22.2 (0.39) 31.4 (0.45)

4 times poverty level or more ................................. 18.0 (0.32) 31.8 (0.39) 40.9 (0.42)

Marital status:

Never married........................................... 16.0 (0.39) 31.2 (0.53) 38.4 (0.56)

Married ............................................... 15.3 (0.24) 22.3 (0.28) 31.3 (0.33)

Cohabiting ............................................. 15.8 (0.67) 23.9 (0.75) 32.1 (0.89)

Divorced or separated...................................... 14.4 (0.37) 20.6 (0.41) 29.2 (0.46)

Widowed .............................................. 11.7 (0.41) 8.5 (0.36) 18.0 (0.52)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................................. 16.5 (0.51) 24.4 (0.54) 34.0 (0.65)

Midwest .............................................. 15.3 (0.38) 23.5 (0.44) 32.2 (0.55)

South ................................................ 13.5 (0.36) 20.9 (0.48) 28.4 (0.56)

West ................................................ 16.4 (0.33) 25.2 (0.48) 34.5 (0.48)

Place of residence:6 ........................................

MSA, central city ......................................... 13.8 (0.31) 23.1 (0.43) 30.9 (0.50)

MSA, not central city ...................................... 15.7 (0.28) 24.6 (0.31) 33.5 (0.36)

Not MSA .............................................. 15.2 (0.52) 19.0 (0.62) 27.9 (0.73)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................ 15.9 (0.26) 26.1 (0.34) 34.2 (0.38)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ........................... 15.9 (0.26) 25.9 (0.34) 34.1 (0.37)

Age:

18–24 years ............................................ 18.4 (0.76) 38.4 (0.97) 44.5 (1.01)

25–44 years ............................................ 15.1 (0.36) 29.1 (0.47) 35.7 (0.50)

45–64 years ............................................ 15.2 (0.38) 22.5 (0.49) 31.3 (0.52)

65–74 years ............................................ 18.9 (0.79) 16.7 (0.76) 30.2 (0.91)

75 years and over ........................................ 15.1 (0.75) 11.1 (0.68) 22.1 (0.84)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 122 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XV. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity,

by type of activity and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Regular activity1

LightSelected characteristic moderate Vigorous Any

Men—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ........................................ 16.5 (0.30) 26.4 (0.38) 34.9 (0.42)

Black or African American, single race............................ 13.3 (0.65) 25.2 (0.91) 31.4 (0.97)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ....................... 10.7 (2.78) 18.2 (3.24) 25.3 (3.68)

Asian, single race ........................................ 12.3 (1.02) 22.7 (1.43) 30.7 (1.54)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race .................. *18.8 (7.82) 32.3 (6.83) 41.1 (8.05)

2 or more races ......................................... 18.8 (1.99) 30.6 (2.44) 38.9 (2.50)

Black or African American, white .............................. *13.3 (4.88) 38.8 (7.46) 42.0 (7.54)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ......................... 21.8 (4.00) 24.6 (4.05) 36.1 (4.27)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ........................................ 11.3 (0.46) 20.7 (0.63) 26.5 (0.67)

Mexican or Mexican-American ............................... 11.3 (0.54) 19.5 (0.80) 25.5 (0.84)

Not Hispanic or Latino...................................... 16.6 (0.28) 26.9 (0.38) 35.3 (0.41)

White, single race ....................................... 17.2 (0.32) 27.3 (0.41) 36.1 (0.46)

Black or African American, single race .......................... 13.4 (0.66) 25.2 (0.93) 31.4 (0.99)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................................ 11.6 (0.49) 14.6 (0.55) 21.0 (0.64)

GED diploma4

........................................... 15.2 (1.21) 17.6 (1.21) 25.7 (1.45)

High school graduate ...................................... 14.7 (0.47) 20.5 (0.54) 28.9 (0.63)

Some college—no degree ................................... 18.5 (0.58) 30.8 (0.75) 39.5 (0.80)

Associate of arts degree .................................... 18.4 (0.81) 28.3 (0.90) 37.6 (0.99)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ............................... 17.1 (0.55) 35.3 (0.73) 43.4 (0.72)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............................. 18.3 (0.71) 38.6 (0.93) 47.0 (0.95)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ....................................... 13.3 (0.78) 21.6 (1.08) 28.6 (1.19)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ................................. 12.7 (0.53) 18.2 (0.66) 24.9 (0.73)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ................................. 16.7 (0.49) 24.6 (0.56) 33.4 (0.64)

4 times poverty level or more ................................. 18.7 (0.45) 33.7 (0.58) 42.5 (0.61)

Marital status:

Never married........................................... 17.6 (0.55) 35.9 (0.72) 42.7 (0.74)

Married ............................................... 15.3 (0.31) 23.3 (0.39) 31.8 (0.44)

Cohabiting ............................................. 15.8 (0.89) 25.9 (1.11) 32.9 (1.22)

Divorced or separated...................................... 15.8 (0.58) 24.9 (0.67) 33.2 (0.72)

Widowed .............................................. 15.8 (1.15) 11.4 (0.98) 23.1 (1.34)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................................. 18.0 (0.61) 27.6 (0.72) 37.4 (0.80)

Midwest .............................................. 15.9 (0.52) 25.4 (0.61) 33.9 (0.75)

South ................................................ 14.3 (0.45) 24.3 (0.66) 31.2 (0.71)

West ................................................ 16.8 (0.49) 28.8 (0.63) 37.1 (0.64)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ......................................... 14.8 (0.40) 26.9 (0.58) 34.5 (0.64)

MSA, not central city ...................................... 16.5 (0.36) 27.5 (0.43) 35.8 (0.48)

Not MSA .............................................. 15.8 (0.66) 21.3 (0.80) 29.7 (0.92)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................ 14.3 (0.24) 20.3 (0.28) 29.3 (0.34)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ........................... 14.3 (0.24) 20.5 (0.28) 29.4 (0.34)

Age:

18–24 years ............................................ 15.0 (0.66) 26.1 (0.75) 34.1 (0.84)

25–44 years ............................................ 14.2 (0.33) 24.4 (0.39) 32.3 (0.47)

45–64 years ............................................ 15.0 (0.36) 19.6 (0.40) 29.5 (0.47)

65–74 years ............................................ 15.7 (0.61) 12.6 (0.59) 24.4 (0.76)

75 years and over ........................................ 10.1 (0.52) 4.4 (0.34) 13.3 (0.55)

Race:

White, single race ........................................ 15.2 (0.28) 21.5 (0.31) 30.8 (0.38)

Black or African American, single race............................ 9.3 (0.41) 14.4 (0.56) 20.8 (0.66)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ....................... 14.0 (2.22) 18.3 (2.83) 27.0 (3.25)

Asian, single race ........................................ 13.8 (1.04) 16.6 (1.23) 27.1 (1.35)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race .................. *19.3 (6.79) *18.2 (7.06) 30.9 (8.15)

2 or more races ......................................... 15.4 (1.66) 23.7 (2.06) 33.1 (2.33)

Black or African American, white .............................. 18.4 (5.14) 21.7 (5.10) 34.9 (6.11)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ......................... 14.6 (2.40) 21.3 (3.51) 30.7 (3.72)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 123

Table XV. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity,

by type of activity and selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Regular activity1

LightSelected characteristic moderate Vigorous Any

Women—Continued Percent (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ........................................ 11.3 (0.42) 14.0 (0.51) 21.7 (0.60)

Mexican or Mexican-American ............................... 11.6 (0.49) 13.9 (0.63) 21.8 (0.74)

Not Hispanic or Latino...................................... 14.7 (0.26) 21.1 (0.30) 30.2 (0.36)

White, single race ....................................... 15.7 (0.30) 22.4 (0.33) 31.9 (0.40)

Black or African American, single race .......................... 9.3 (0.41) 14.3 (0.58) 20.7 (0.68)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ................................ 10.1 (0.39) 8.1 (0.38) 15.7 (0.47)

GED diploma4

........................................... 13.5 (1.14) 13.9 (1.13) 23.2 (1.39)

High school graduate ...................................... 13.5 (0.44) 14.9 (0.42) 24.2 (0.57)

Some college—no degree ................................... 15.3 (0.44) 22.8 (0.55) 32.0 (0.61)

Associate of arts degree .................................... 15.6 (0.65) 24.6 (0.73) 34.1 (0.81)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ............................... 17.3 (0.59) 31.6 (0.65) 41.0 (0.69)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ............................. 17.7 (0.80) 33.7 (0.97) 43.2 (1.04)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ....................................... 11.6 (0.57) 12.8 (0.75) 20.4 (0.80)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ................................. 12.5 (0.44) 13.4 (0.48) 22.1 (0.57)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ................................. 15.0 (0.42) 20.0 (0.48) 29.5 (0.56)

4 times poverty level or more ................................. 17.3 (0.44) 29.6 (0.49) 39.1 (0.55)

Marital status:

Never married........................................... 14.0 (0.47) 25.5 (0.63) 33.2 (0.69)

Married ............................................... 15.2 (0.31) 21.3 (0.34) 30.8 (0.41)

Cohabiting ............................................. 15.7 (0.87) 21.9 (0.95) 31.4 (1.15)

Divorced or separated...................................... 13.5 (0.44) 17.7 (0.50) 26.6 (0.56)

Widowed .............................................. 10.7 (0.40) 7.8 (0.37) 16.8 (0.52)

Geographic region:

Northeast ............................................. 15.2 (0.61) 21.6 (0.64) 31.0 (0.82)

Midwest .............................................. 14.6 (0.45) 21.7 (0.52) 30.5 (0.64)

South ................................................ 12.7 (0.41) 17.8 (0.49) 25.9 (0.59)

West ................................................ 16.1 (0.47) 21.8 (0.56) 32.1 (0.60)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ......................................... 12.9 (0.38) 19.7 (0.50) 27.8 (0.58)

MSA, not central city ...................................... 15.0 (0.34) 21.9 (0.37) 31.3 (0.44)

Not MSA .............................................. 14.7 (0.58) 16.9 (0.63) 26.2 (0.82)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

1Regular leisure-time physical activity: ‘‘light-moderate’’ is defined as engaging in light-moderate activity at least 5 times per week for at least 30 minutes each time; ‘‘vigorous’’ is defined as engaging in

vigorous activity at least 3 times per week for at least 20 minutes each time; ‘‘any’’ is defined as meeting either criterion or both criteria.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 5.4. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown leisure-time physical activity status. See Appendix II definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 124 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XVI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in any leisure-time strengthening

activities by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Engaged in any strengthening activities1

Selected characteristic Both sexes Men Women

Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ...........................

24.6 (0.27)

24.6 (0.26)

28.3 (0.34)

28.1 (0.33)

21.2 (0.31)

21.4 (0.31)

Age

18–24 years .............................................

25–44 years .............................................

45–64 years .............................................

65–74 years .............................................

75 years and over .........................................

36.2 (0.76)

28.5 (0.36)

21.0 (0.33)

15.0 (0.45)

10.9 (0.44)

44.9 (1.04)

32.5 (0.47)

21.7 (0.45)

16.8 (0.71)

13.6 (0.79)

27.4 (0.86)

24.6 (0.45)

20.2 (0.40)

13.4 (0.56)

9.2 (0.47)

Race

White, single race..........................................

Black or African American, single race .............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........................

Asian, single race ..........................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...................

2 or more races ...........................................

Black or African American, white ...............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ..........................

24.8 (0.30)

23.1 (0.58)

20.8 (1.72)

24.9 (1.03)

36.1 (6.19)

34.3 (1.69)

37.7 (4.15)

27.5 (2.48)

27.5 (0.37)

32.5 (0.94)

22.8 (2.54)

29.7 (1.52)

45.4 (9.19)

39.7 (2.60)

47.9 (7.37)

31.3 (3.74)

22.3 (0.35)

15.7 (0.55)

18.9 (2.81)

19.9 (1.26)

*22.5 (7.47)

29.8 (2.26)

30.5 (5.69)

24.5 (3.19)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino..........................................

Mexican or Mexican-American.................................

Not Hispanic or Latino .......................................

White, single race ........................................

Black or African American, single race............................

17.6 (0.44)

16.9 (0.53)

25.5 (0.30)

25.8 (0.33)

23.0 (0.57)

22.5 (0.67)

21.4 (0.83)

29.1 (0.37)

28.4 (0.40)

32.3 (0.94)

12.7 (0.49)

12.1 (0.59)

22.3 (0.33)

23.4 (0.38)

15.6 (0.56)

Education

Less than high school graduate .................................

GED diploma4 ............................................

High school graduate........................................

Some college—no degree.....................................

Associate of arts degree......................................

Bachelor of arts, science degree.................................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ...............................

11.1 (0.35)

16.1 (0.97)

18.6 (0.38)

29.2 (0.48)

28.0 (0.62)

35.9 (0.55)

38.6 (0.65)

14.6 (0.56)

19.5 (1.63)

22.7 (0.57)

34.1 (0.72)

30.6 (1.02)

38.6 (0.70)

40.3 (0.92)

7.9 (0.37)

12.6 (1.09)

14.9 (0.42)

24.9 (0.59)

26.0 (0.77)

33.4 (0.70)

36.4 (0.97)

Poverty status5

Below poverty level .........................................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................................

4 times poverty level or more...................................

17.1 (0.78)

17.4 (0.43)

24.4 (0.40)

34.6 (0.42)

23.5 (1.18)

21.5 (0.74)

27.4 (0.55)

36.7 (0.58)

12.7 (0.73)

14.1 (0.46)

21.4 (0.50)

32.4 (0.55)

Marital status

Never married ............................................

Married ................................................

Cohabiting ..............................................

Divorced or separated .......................................

Widowed ...............................................

34.9 (0.58)

22.8 (0.29)

26.2 (0.79)

22.7 (0.44)

11.4 (0.40)

41.5 (0.74)

24.0 (0.39)

29.3 (1.03)

28.1 (0.73)

14.0 (0.94)

26.9 (0.68)

21.7 (0.38)

23.2 (1.08)

19.0 (0.51)

10.8 (0.45)

Geographic region

Northeast ...............................................

Midwest ................................................

South .................................................

West ..................................................

26.0 (0.53)

28.0 (0.55)

20.6 (0.47)

26.4 (0.57)

29.4 (0.55)

30.5 (0.72)

25.0 (0.64)

30.5 (0.68)

23.1 (0.76)

25.7 (0.63)

16.5 (0.47)

22.5 (0.65)

Place of residence6

MSA, central city ..........................................

MSA, not central city ........................................

Not MSA ...............................................

25.5 (0.49)

26.4 (0.33)

18.9 (0.57)

30.4 (0.63)

29.7 (0.42)

21.6 (0.77)

21.2 (0.53)

23.2 (0.41)

16.4 (0.63)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 125

1Strengthening activities: leisure-time physical activities specifically designed to strengthen muscles such as weight lifting or calisthenics. No minimum duration imposed when asking frequency and no

duration question asked.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 5.5. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown leisure-time strengthening activity status. See Appendix II for definitions of

terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 126 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XVII. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who were overweight, by selected characteristics:

United States, average annual, 2002–04

Overweight (BMI or 25 or more)1

Selected characteristic Both sexes Men Women

Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 ................................

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ...........................

58.9 (0.24)

58.7 (0.23)

67.3 (0.31)

67.1 (0.30)

50.9 (0.32)

50.6 (0.32)

Age

18–24 years .............................................

25–44 years .............................................

45–64 years .............................................

65–74 years .............................................

75 years and over .........................................

39.9 (0.64)

58.4 (0.34)

67.1 (0.35)

66.3 (0.55)

52.1 (0.65)

44.8 (0.91)

69.1 (0.44)

75.1 (0.48)

73.4 (0.84)

57.0 (1.06)

34.9 (0.88)

47.7 (0.48)

59.1 (0.46)

60.0 (0.78)

48.8 (0.77)

Race

White, single race..........................................

Black or African American, single race .............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........................

Asian, single race ..........................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...................

2 or more races ...........................................

Black or African American, white ...............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ..........................

58.4 (0.25)

68.6 (0.58)

64.4 (3.29)

33.0 (1.08)

65.4 (6.61)

58.6 (2.13)

56.0 (4.77)

61.7 (3.04)

68.3 (0.34)

68.6 (0.88)

73.2 (4.65)

40.5 (1.41)

73.7 (9.44)

66.1 (3.00)

61.2 (7.01)

68.7 (4.25)

48.8 (0.35)

68.6 (0.74)

55.2 (3.52)

25.0 (1.51)

51.2 (9.27)

52.0 (2.68)

52.0 (6.28)

56.1 (4.14)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino..........................................

Mexican or Mexican-American.................................

Not Hispanic or Latino .......................................

White, single race ........................................

Black or African American, single race............................

64.6 (0.48)

67.4 (0.60)

58.2 (0.25)

57.7 (0.26)

68.6 (0.59)

70.3 (0.61)

71.9 (0.73)

66.9 (0.34)

68.0 (0.37)

68.6 (0.88)

58.7 (0.68)

62.5 (0.86)

49.9 (0.34)

47.8 (0.37)

68.7 (0.73)

Education

Less than high school graduate .................................

GED diploma4 ............................................

High school graduate........................................

Some college—no degree.....................................

Associate of arts degree......................................

Bachelor of arts, science degree.................................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ...............................

62.0 (0.48)

63.2 (1.16)

61.6 (0.41)

58.4 (0.57)

61.4 (0.64)

53.2 (0.52)

53.0 (0.68)

64.5 (0.71)

66.2 (1.58)

68.6 (0.54)

67.8 (0.75)

72.4 (0.87)

67.8 (0.73)

64.0 (0.84)

59.7 (0.65)

59.8 (1.62)

55.1 (0.52)

49.7 (0.72)

52.5 (0.82)

39.1 (0.69)

38.9 (0.95)

Poverty status5

Below poverty level .........................................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................................

4 times poverty level or more...................................

56.5 (0.74)

60.4 (0.51)

60.7 (0.41)

58.9 (0.38)

57.3 (1.04)

64.1 (0.78)

67.5 (0.59)

71.9 (0.48)

56.0 (1.01)

57.5 (0.64)

53.8 (0.56)

44.5 (0.57)

Marital status

Never married ............................................

Married ................................................

Cohabiting ..............................................

Divorced or separated .......................................

Widowed ...............................................

48.5 (0.52)

62.7 (0.29)

55.3 (0.82)

61.6 (0.51)

55.6 (0.66)

52.3 (0.66)

73.2 (0.35)

64.2 (1.02)

68.5 (0.68)

61.1 (1.25)

43.8 (0.76)

51.6 (0.41)

46.1 (1.29)

56.8 (0.73)

54.3 (0.75)

Geographic region

Northeast ...............................................

Midwest ................................................

South .................................................

West ..................................................

57.6 (0.50)

60.3 (0.45)

60.4 (0.42)

55.9 (0.47)

67.5 (0.77)

69.4 (0.57)

67.4 (0.58)

64.5 (0.53)

48.4 (0.74)

51.6 (0.63)

53.6 (0.54)

47.4 (0.68)

Place of residence6

MSA, central city ..........................................

MSA, not central city ........................................

Not MSA ...............................................

56.8 (0.39)

58.7 (0.31)

62.5 (0.59)

63.5 (0.59)

68.4 (0.43)

69.9 (0.67)

50.6 (0.52)

49.1 (0.43)

55.5 (0.78)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 127

1Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated as kilograms/meters2, using self-reported height and weight. Overweight is defined as a BMI of greater than or equal to 25, which includes obese.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 6.1. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown body mass index. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 128 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XVIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of body weight status for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Body weight status1

Not overweight Overweight

Healthy Overweight

Selected characteristic Total Underweight weight (but not obese) Obese

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 2.0 (0.06) 39.1 (0.23) 35.4 (0.19) 23.6 (0.20)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 2.0 (0.06) 39.2 (0.22) 35.3 (0.19) 23.4 (0.20)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 4.3 (0.27) 55.8 (0.64) 25.6 (0.58) 14.3 (0.47)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 1.8 (0.09) 39.7 (0.34) 34.8 (0.30) 23.6 (0.29)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 1.1 (0.08) 31.9 (0.34) 38.8 (0.35) 28.3 (0.36)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 1.5 (0.14) 32.3 (0.55) 39.6 (0.57) 26.7 (0.52)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 3.4 (0.22) 44.5 (0.66) 36.1 (0.60) 16.0 (0.46)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 2.0 (0.06) 39.6 (0.25) 35.8 (0.21) 22.6 (0.22)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 1.3 (0.13) 30.1 (0.58) 34.4 (0.51) 34.2 (0.55)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 2.1 (0.63) 33.4 (3.36) 30.5 (2.89) 33.9 (2.63)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 5.8 (0.57) 61.2 (1.16) 26.6 (0.97) 6.4 (0.55)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 – 34.6 (6.61) 33.2 (4.36) 32.2 (5.80)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 2.4 (0.57) 39.1 (2.02) 32.4 (1.96) 26.2 (1.71)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 † 41.3 (4.60) 27.0 (3.95) 29.0 (4.41)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 *2.1 (0.68) 36.2 (3.05) 34.0 (2.89) 27.7 (2.54)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 1.2 (0.10) 34.2 (0.49) 39.4 (0.44) 25.2 (0.46)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 1.0 (0.11) 31.6 (0.61) 40.2 (0.54) 27.2 (0.62)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 2.1 (0.07) 39.7 (0.24) 34.8 (0.21) 23.4 (0.22)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 2.1 (0.07) 40.2 (0.26) 35.3 (0.23) 22.4 (0.24)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 1.3 (0.13) 30.0 (0.58) 34.4 (0.52) 34.2 (0.54)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 2.4 (0.15) 35.6 (0.47) 35.1 (0.41) 27.0 (0.42)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 2.5 (0.34) 34.4 (1.16) 34.0 (1.15) 29.2 (1.03)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 1.9 (0.12) 36.5 (0.39) 36.0 (0.38) 25.6 (0.37)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 2.2 (0.15) 39.4 (0.55) 33.9 (0.46) 24.5 (0.41)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 1.7 (0.16) 36.8 (0.64) 35.7 (0.62) 25.7 (0.59)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 1.9 (0.13) 44.9 (0.51) 35.6 (0.49) 17.5 (0.39)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 1.4 (0.14) 45.6 (0.68) 36.7 (0.62) 16.2 (0.52)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 3.0 (0.24) 40.4 (0.74) 30.1 (0.57) 26.4 (0.58)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 2.3 (0.17) 37.2 (0.51) 33.4 (0.48) 27.1 (0.46)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 1.9 (0.12) 37.4 (0.41) 35.3 (0.36) 25.4 (0.37)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 1.6 (0.10) 39.4 (0.37) 37.4 (0.36) 21.5 (0.33)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 3.3 (0.20) 48.2 (0.51) 28.6 (0.44) 19.9 (0.39)

Married ................................... 100.0 1.4 (0.07) 35.9 (0.28) 38.2 (0.26) 24.5 (0.26)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 2.3 (0.29) 42.4 (0.80) 33.1 (0.77) 22.2 (0.70)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 1.8 (0.12) 36.6 (0.50) 34.9 (0.48) 26.7 (0.47)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 3.3 (0.21) 41.1 (0.66) 32.6 (0.63) 22.9 (0.54)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 2.0 (0.16) 40.4 (0.50) 35.8 (0.42) 21.8 (0.44)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 1.9 (0.12) 37.8 (0.44) 35.5 (0.39) 24.8 (0.35)

South .................................... 100.0 2.0 (0.10) 37.7 (0.40) 35.2 (0.35) 25.2 (0.37)

West .................................... 100.0 2.2 (0.14) 41.9 (0.46) 35.1 (0.36) 20.8 (0.37)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 2.1 (0.11) 41.0 (0.39) 33.5 (0.33) 23.3 (0.33)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 2.0 (0.08) 39.3 (0.30) 36.2 (0.26) 22.4 (0.25)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 1.8 (0.14) 35.8 (0.55) 35.6 (0.47) 26.9 (0.53)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 1.0 (0.07) 31.6 (0.31) 43.6 (0.29) 23.8 (0.28)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 1.0 (0.07) 31.8 (0.30) 43.6 (0.29) 23.6 (0.28)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 129

Table XVIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of body weight status for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Body weight status1

Not overweight Overweight

Healthy Overweight

Selected characteristic Total Underweight weight (but not obese) Obese

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 2.8 (0.35) 52.4 (0.90) 30.4 (0.84) 14.3 (0.68)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 0.6 (0.09) 30.3 (0.45) 44.6 (0.44) 24.5 (0.41)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 0.5 (0.08) 24.3 (0.47) 46.9 (0.54) 28.2 (0.53)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 1.2 (0.20) 25.4 (0.83) 48.1 (0.90) 25.4 (0.82)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 1.7 (0.29) 41.3 (1.07) 42.5 (1.03) 14.5 (0.73)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 0.9 (0.07) 30.8 (0.34) 44.5 (0.33) 23.8 (0.31)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 1.1 (0.20) 30.3 (0.87) 39.9 (0.95) 28.7 (0.83)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 † 25.2 (4.57) 38.0 (3.67) 35.2 (4.51)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 3.1 (0.75) 56.4 (1.45) 33.4 (1.33) 7.2 (0.83)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 – *26.3 (9.44) 34.2 (6.00) 39.5 (8.65)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 † 33.1 (2.98) 43.7 (3.33) 22.4 (2.43)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 – 38.8 (7.01) 37.8 (7.00) 23.4 (5.62)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 † 30.4 (4.18) 47.1 (4.43) 21.5 (3.23)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 0.7 (0.13) 28.9 (0.61) 45.8 (0.65) 24.6 (0.63)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 0.6 (0.14) 27.5 (0.75) 45.8 (0.80) 26.1 (0.84)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 1.1 (0.08) 32.0 (0.33) 43.3 (0.32) 23.7 (0.31)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 0.9 (0.08) 31.1 (0.36) 44.3 (0.36) 23.7 (0.34)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 1.1 (0.21) 30.3 (0.87) 40.0 (0.96) 28.5 (0.81)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 1.7 (0.22) 33.8 (0.70) 40.1 (0.65) 24.4 (0.60)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 1.6 (0.46) 32.2 (1.57) 38.6 (1.64) 27.7 (1.52)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 1.2 (0.15) 30.2 (0.54) 42.7 (0.59) 25.9 (0.54)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 0.9 (0.16) 31.2 (0.74) 42.6 (0.69) 25.2 (0.61)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 0.7 (0.19) 26.9 (0.84) 45.5 (1.04) 26.9 (0.88)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 0.4 (0.08) 31.8 (0.73) 48.3 (0.75) 19.5 (0.61)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 0.4 (0.10) 35.7 (0.83) 46.1 (0.84) 17.9 (0.74)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 2.5 (0.43) 40.3 (1.05) 35.1 (0.91) 22.2 (0.81)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 1.4 (0.24) 34.5 (0.78) 39.6 (0.78) 24.5 (0.68)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 1.0 (0.13) 31.5 (0.58) 42.4 (0.58) 25.1 (0.55)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 0.5 (0.09) 27.5 (0.47) 47.5 (0.49) 24.5 (0.49)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 2.3 (0.25) 45.4 (0.66) 34.5 (0.62) 17.8 (0.53)

Married ................................... 100.0 0.6 (0.06) 26.2 (0.36) 47.1 (0.38) 26.2 (0.37)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 0.9 (0.27) 34.9 (1.01) 41.9 (1.17) 22.2 (0.94)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 0.8 (0.14) 30.7 (0.68) 43.5 (0.76) 25.0 (0.74)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 1.5 (0.31) 37.4 (1.25) 43.1 (1.36) 18.0 (1.05)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 1.0 (0.21) 31.4 (0.77) 44.2 (0.67) 23.3 (0.67)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 0.9 (0.15) 29.7 (0.57) 44.6 (0.63) 24.8 (0.56)

South .................................... 100.0 1.0 (0.11) 31.6 (0.56) 42.7 (0.52) 24.8 (0.50)

West .................................... 100.0 1.2 (0.14) 34.3 (0.58) 43.4 (0.50) 21.1 (0.54)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 1.1 (0.13) 35.4 (0.60) 41.3 (0.52) 22.2 (0.46)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 1.0 (0.10) 30.7 (0.42) 44.9 (0.42) 23.5 (0.38)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 1.0 (0.17) 29.1 (0.65) 43.1 (0.66) 26.8 (0.69)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2 .................... 100.0 3.0 (0.09) 46.2 (0.32) 27.5 (0.25) 23.4 (0.26)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2,3 ............... 100.0 3.0 (0.10) 46.4 (0.31) 27.3 (0.25) 23.2 (0.25)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 5.9 (0.41) 59.2 (0.88) 20.6 (0.71) 14.3 (0.60)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 3.1 (0.15) 49.2 (0.47) 25.0 (0.41) 22.8 (0.40)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 1.6 (0.12) 39.3 (0.45) 30.7 (0.40) 28.4 (0.48)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 1.8 (0.20) 38.2 (0.78) 32.2 (0.75) 27.8 (0.68)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 4.6 (0.31) 46.6 (0.78) 31.9 (0.73) 16.9 (0.60)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 130 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XVIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of body weight status for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Body weight status1

Not overweight Overweight

Healthy Overweight

Selected characteristic Total Underweight weight (but not obese) Obese

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 3.0 (0.10) 48.1 (0.34) 27.3 (0.29) 21.5 (0.27)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 1.5 (0.16) 30.0 (0.76) 29.7 (0.54) 38.8 (0.80)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 *2.7 (1.03) 42.1 (3.66) 22.6 (3.29) 32.6 (3.29)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 8.7 (0.86) 66.3 (1.66) 19.5 (1.34) 5.5 (0.68)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 – 48.8 (9.27) 31.6 (8.70) *19.6 (6.71)

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 3.8 (0.90) 44.3 (2.54) 22.6 (1.93) 29.4 (2.22)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 † 43.3 (5.89) 18.7 (4.45) 33.4 (6.13)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 *3.0 (1.08) 40.9 (4.16) 23.3 (3.14) 32.8 (3.39)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 1.7 (0.16) 39.7 (0.67) 32.8 (0.61) 25.9 (0.57)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 1.4 (0.15) 36.1 (0.88) 34.1 (0.82) 28.4 (0.76)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 3.1 (0.10) 47.0 (0.34) 26.8 (0.27) 23.1 (0.28)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 3.2 (0.11) 49.0 (0.36) 26.7 (0.30) 21.1 (0.29)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 1.5 (0.17) 29.8 (0.74) 29.7 (0.55) 39.0 (0.78)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 3.1 (0.21) 37.3 (0.63) 30.2 (0.57) 29.4 (0.62)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 3.5 (0.57) 36.7 (1.66) 28.8 (1.52) 31.0 (1.35)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 2.6 (0.17) 42.3 (0.50) 29.8 (0.45) 25.3 (0.45)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 3.3 (0.22) 47.0 (0.71) 26.0 (0.57) 23.7 (0.54)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 2.6 (0.26) 44.9 (0.83) 27.8 (0.75) 24.8 (0.80)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 3.3 (0.25) 57.7 (0.70) 23.4 (0.61) 15.7 (0.48)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 2.8 (0.30) 58.4 (0.97) 24.7 (0.80) 14.2 (0.67)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 3.4 (0.30) 40.6 (0.99) 26.7 (0.72) 29.3 (0.77)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 3.1 (0.23) 39.5 (0.66) 28.3 (0.57) 29.2 (0.58)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 2.9 (0.20) 43.3 (0.56) 28.2 (0.47) 25.6 (0.44)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 2.8 (0.18) 52.7 (0.55) 26.2 (0.50) 18.3 (0.41)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 4.6 (0.31) 51.7 (0.75) 21.4 (0.56) 22.4 (0.54)

Married ................................... 100.0 2.4 (0.12) 46.0 (0.40) 28.9 (0.34) 22.7 (0.33)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 3.7 (0.51) 50.2 (1.24) 24.0 (1.02) 22.1 (1.05)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 2.5 (0.19) 40.7 (0.72) 29.0 (0.58) 27.8 (0.63)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 3.7 (0.25) 42.0 (0.75) 30.2 (0.68) 24.1 (0.62)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 2.9 (0.22) 48.7 (0.75) 28.1 (0.59) 20.3 (0.54)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 2.9 (0.18) 45.6 (0.61) 26.8 (0.48) 24.8 (0.50)

South .................................... 100.0 2.9 (0.15) 43.5 (0.52) 28.0 (0.43) 25.6 (0.48)

West .................................... 100.0 3.3 (0.23) 49.4 (0.65) 26.9 (0.53) 20.5 (0.43)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 3.1 (0.18) 46.3 (0.53) 26.3 (0.40) 24.3 (0.42)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 3.1 (0.14) 47.8 (0.42) 27.7 (0.35) 21.4 (0.32)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 2.5 (0.18) 42.0 (0.74) 28.5 (0.54) 27.0 (0.71)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less then or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

†A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Body weight status was based on Body Mass Index (BMI) using self-reported height and weight. The formula for BMI is kilograms/meters2. Underweight is defined as a BMI of less than 18.5; healthy

weight is defined as a BMI of greater than 18.5 and less than 25; overweight, but not obese, is defined as a BMI of greater than 25 and less than 30; and obese is defined as a BMI of greater than or

equal to 30.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 6.2. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown body mass index. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 131

Table XIX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual hours of sleep for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2004

Hours of sleep1

Selected characteristic Total 6 or less 7 to 8 9 or more

Both sexes Percent distribution (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 28.6 (0.33) 62.8 (0.35) 8.6 (0.21)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2,3 ................... 100.0 28.5 (0.32) 62.8 (0.35) 8.7 (0.20)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 23.5 (0.96) 63.4 (1.05) 13.2 (0.69)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 29.7 (0.49) 64.4 (0.52) 5.9 (0.27)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 31.8 (0.59) 61.8 (0.61) 6.4 (0.32)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 24.2 (0.87) 63.4 (0.98) 12.4 (0.72)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 23.8 (0.93) 57.0 (1.11) 19.3 (0.92)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 27.7 (0.37) 64.0 (0.39) 8.3 (0.23)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 34.5 (0.98) 54.9 (0.99) 10.6 (0.67)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 34.2 (4.18) 52.6 (4.85) 13.2 (3.41)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 30.4 (1.65) 64.5 (1.80) 5.1 (0.89)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 30.1 (8.00) 56.9 (9.81) †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 35.1 (2.89) 54.9 (2.91) 10.0 (1.77)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 40.7 (7.31) 56.2 (7.31) †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 35.2 (5.03) 56.2 (4.75) 8.6 (2.43)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 25.0 (0.77) 65.8 (0.84) 9.2 (0.44)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 22.9 (0.93) 66.8 (1.06) 10.3 (0.55)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 29.2 (0.36) 62.4 (0.37) 8.5 (0.22)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 28.1 (0.39) 63.6 (0.40) 8.2 (0.25)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 34.6 (0.99) 54.7 (1.00) 10.6 (0.68)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 29.0 (0.74) 58.0 (0.80) 13.0 (0.51)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 34.4 (2.19) 53.6 (2.20) 12.0 (1.34)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 27.9 (0.55) 62.2 (0.64) 9.8 (0.42)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 31.0 (0.80) 60.9 (0.79) 8.1 (0.45)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 31.6 (1.01) 61.2 (1.06) 7.3 (0.58)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 26.4 (0.74) 68.8 (0.74) 4.8 (0.35)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 24.8 (1.01) 70.4 (1.07) 4.8 (0.49)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 30.7 (0.94) 55.9 (1.10) 13.3 (0.73)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 31.5 (0.79) 57.3 (0.84) 11.2 (0.54)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 29.6 (0.69) 62.0 (0.72) 8.4 (0.37)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 27.7 (0.59) 66.3 (0.61) 6.0 (0.35)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 26.1 (0.74) 63.2 (0.81) 10.7 (0.52)

Married ................................... 100.0 27.7 (0.41) 65.1 (0.45) 7.2 (0.25)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 31.0 (1.26) 59.4 (1.32) 9.6 (0.70)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 36.3 (0.86) 55.7 (0.85) 8.0 (0.47)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 29.2 (0.92) 56.1 (0.98) 14.7 (0.83)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 31.1 (0.80) 61.1 (0.82) 7.8 (0.55)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 29.7 (0.70) 62.2 (0.69) 8.1 (0.38)

South .................................... 100.0 28.8 (0.53) 62.0 (0.58) 9.2 (0.33)

West .................................... 100.0 25.0 (0.66) 66.3 (0.77) 8.7 (0.49)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 28.9 (0.59) 61.9 (0.62) 9.2 (0.36)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 28.6 (0.48) 63.7 (0.50) 7.7 (0.29)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 28.3 (0.63) 61.7 (0.78) 10.0 (0.51)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 29.0 (0.44) 63.2 (0.48) 7.8 (0.30)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2,3 ................... 100.0 28.6 (0.43) 63.2 (0.48) 8.1 (0.30)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 22.8 (1.35) 65.6 (1.57) 11.5 (1.02)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 31.1 (0.71) 64.2 (0.77) 4.7 (0.35)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 32.3 (0.88) 61.4 (0.88) 6.3 (0.49)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 21.4 (1.26) 65.6 (1.49) 13.1 (1.01)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 21.4 (1.57) 57.6 (1.78) 21.0 (1.56)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 132 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XIX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual hours of sleep for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2004—Con.

Hours of sleep1

Selected characteristic Total 6 or less 7 to 8 9 or more

Men—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 28.2 (0.49) 64.3 (0.52) 7.5 (0.33)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 33.9 (1.42) 55.2 (1.59) 10.8 (0.96)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 34.4 (6.28) 54.3 (6.72) *11.2 (4.21)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 31.5 (2.46) 63.9 (2.63) 4.7 (1.11)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 *38.4 (11.70) 38.4 (10.60) †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 37.0 (4.25) 53.7 (4.74) *9.4 (2.84)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 42.0 (10.60) 58.0 (10.60) –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 34.2 (7.62) 57.6 (7.34) *8.2 (3.17)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 24.1 (1.10) 68.2 (1.24) 7.6 (0.65)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 21.5 (1.38) 70.7 (1.55) 7.9 (0.78)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 29.7 (0.48) 62.4 (0.53) 7.8 (0.32)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 28.8 (0.53) 63.7 (0.55) 7.5 (0.35)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 33.9 (1.43) 55.2 (1.60) 10.9 (0.98)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 28.6 (1.14) 58.8 (1.22) 12.7 (0.80)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 35.3 (3.04) 54.9 (3.11) 9.8 (1.81)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 27.8 (0.88) 62.9 (1.01) 9.4 (0.67)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 31.2 (1.08) 61.9 (1.10) 6.9 (0.63)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 33.3 (1.61) 60.6 (1.65) 6.0 (0.85)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 27.9 (1.03) 67.9 (1.07) 4.2 (0.50)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 25.5 (1.33) 70.7 (1.45) 3.8 (0.60)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 28.7 (1.57) 59.1 (1.94) 12.2 (1.20)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 30.0 (1.25) 59.1 (1.42) 11.0 (0.87)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 30.5 (0.98) 61.2 (1.02) 8.4 (0.57)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 29.7 (0.83) 65.4 (0.83) 4.9 (0.48)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 25.6 (0.91) 64.2 (1.06) 10.2 (0.72)

Married ................................... 100.0 28.6 (0.56) 64.7 (0.57) 6.7 (0.36)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 33.1 (1.91) 58.8 (1.88) 8.1 (1.02)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 37.0 (1.27) 54.9 (1.33) 8.1 (0.78)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 28.5 (2.36) 57.6 (2.27) 13.9 (1.59)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 31.7 (0.89) 61.2 (0.93) 7.1 (0.73)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 29.6 (1.01) 62.9 (0.96) 7.5 (0.60)

South .................................... 100.0 29.6 (0.70) 62.1 (0.90) 8.3 (0.49)

West .................................... 100.0 25.0 (0.95) 67.0 (0.98) 8.0 (0.67)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 28.9 (0.84) 62.7 (0.91) 8.4 (0.52)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 29.4 (0.63) 63.5 (0.70) 7.1 (0.40)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 27.9 (1.05) 63.0 (1.18) 9.2 (0.79)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (age-adjusted)2 ................ 100.0 28.3 (0.43) 62.4 (0.44) 9.2 (0.26)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)2,3 ................... 100.0 28.3 (0.43) 62.5 (0.44) 9.3 (0.26)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 100.0 24.1 (1.29) 61.1 (1.37) 14.8 (0.92)

25–44 years ................................ 100.0 28.4 (0.63) 64.6 (0.67) 7.0 (0.38)

45–64 years ................................ 100.0 31.3 (0.78) 62.2 (0.79) 6.5 (0.38)

65–74 years ................................ 100.0 26.6 (1.27) 61.5 (1.32) 11.9 (0.99)

75 years and over ............................ 100.0 25.3 (1.11) 56.6 (1.36) 18.1 (1.04)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 100.0 27.2 (0.47) 63.7 (0.49) 9.1 (0.30)

Black or African American, single race................ 100.0 35.0 (1.27) 54.6 (1.18) 10.4 (0.85)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 100.0 33.9 (5.32) 50.6 (6.35) *15.5 (5.06)

Asian, single race ............................ 100.0 29.2 (2.31) 65.1 (2.45) 5.6 (1.26)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 100.0 *22.1 (8.62) 74.7 (7.97) †

2 or more races ............................. 100.0 33.4 (4.21) 56.1 (3.95) 10.5 (2.75)

Black or African American, white .................. 100.0 39.8 (10.22) 54.9 (10.30) †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 100.0 36.0 (6.51) 55.1 (6.06) *8.9 (3.35)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 133

Table XIX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of usual hours of sleep for adults 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2004—Con.

Hours of sleep1

Selected characteristic Total 6 or less 7 to 8 9 or more

Women—Continued Percent distribution (standard error)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 100.0 25.9 (0.95) 63.3 (1.01) 10.9 (0.59)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 100.0 24.5 (1.16) 62.6 (1.28) 12.9 (0.78)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 100.0 28.6 (0.47) 62.3 (0.46) 9.0 (0.28)

White, single race ........................... 100.0 27.4 (0.49) 63.6 (0.51) 8.9 (0.32)

Black or African American, single race .............. 100.0 35.2 (1.29) 54.4 (1.20) 10.4 (0.87)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 100.0 29.4 (0.95) 57.3 (0.99) 13.3 (0.69)

GED diploma4

............................... 100.0 33.4 (2.95) 51.9 (3.16) 14.7 (2.14)

High school graduate .......................... 100.0 28.0 (0.74) 61.7 (0.81) 10.3 (0.53)

Some college—no degree ....................... 100.0 30.9 (1.02) 60.0 (1.04) 9.1 (0.59)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 100.0 30.2 (1.26) 61.6 (1.39) 8.2 (0.84)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 100.0 25.0 (0.92) 69.7 (0.95) 5.3 (0.48)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 100.0 24.0 (1.43) 70.0 (1.49) 6.0 (0.77)

Poverty status:5

Below poverty level ........................... 100.0 32.1 (1.12) 53.8 (1.23) 14.1 (0.92)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 32.7 (1.01) 55.9 (1.05) 11.5 (0.70)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 100.0 28.8 (0.85) 62.8 (0.93) 8.4 (0.53)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 100.0 25.5 (0.80) 67.3 (0.79) 7.2 (0.49)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 100.0 26.8 (1.04) 61.8 (1.11) 11.4 (0.72)

Married ................................... 100.0 26.9 (0.57) 65.4 (0.63) 7.7 (0.36)

Cohabiting ................................. 100.0 29.0 (1.78) 60.0 (1.93) 10.9 (1.08)

Divorced or separated.......................... 100.0 35.9 (1.08) 56.2 (1.07) 7.9 (0.60)

Widowed .................................. 100.0 29.4 (0.96) 55.7 (1.13) 14.9 (0.97)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 100.0 30.6 (1.12) 61.0 (1.10) 8.4 (0.67)

Midwest .................................. 100.0 29.8 (1.02) 61.5 (0.93) 8.7 (0.47)

South .................................... 100.0 28.1 (0.65) 61.9 (0.68) 10.0 (0.46)

West .................................... 100.0 25.0 (0.77) 65.6 (0.94) 9.3 (0.56)

Place of residence:6

MSA, central city ............................. 100.0 28.8 (0.82) 61.3 (0.83) 9.9 (0.46)

MSA, not central city .......................... 100.0 27.9 (0.61) 63.8 (0.61) 8.3 (0.36)

Not MSA .................................. 100.0 28.8 (0.83) 60.4 (0.99) 10.8 (0.69)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1Based on the question, ‘‘How many hours of sleep do you usually get in a 24 hour period?’’ Response options were 01–24 hours.

2Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in the total.

3Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

4GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

6MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percent distributions, refer to Table 7.1. Denominator for each percent distribution excludes persons with unknown number of hours of sleep. See Appendix II for definitions of

terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2004. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 134 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XX. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected unhealthy behaviors, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Selected unhealthy behaviors

Five or more

drinks in 1 day Current Physically Slept

at least once cigarette inactive 6 hours

Selected characteristic (past year)1 smoker2 (leisure time)3 Obese4 or less5

Both sexes Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)6 .................... 19.6 (0.24) 21.6 (0.21) 37.9 (0.40) 23.6 (0.20) 28.6 (0.33)

Ages 18 years and over (age adjusted)6,7 ............... 19.7 (0.24) 21.5 (0.21) 38.0 (0.40) 23.4 (0.20) 28.5 (0.32)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 32.0 (0.80) 25.3 (0.65) 31.4 (0.73) 14.3 (0.47) 23.5 (0.96)

25–44 years ................................ 26.3 (0.36) 25.0 (0.32) 34.0 (0.48) 23.6 (0.29) 29.7 (0.49)

45–64 years ................................ 14.4 (0.26) 22.4 (0.33) 38.2 (0.47) 28.3 (0.36) 31.8 (0.59)

65–74 years ................................ 5.4 (0.30) 11.9 (0.39) 45.3 (0.76) 26.7 (0.52) 24.2 (0.87)

75 years and over ............................ 1.8 (0.18) 5.8 (0.30) 59.8 (0.71) 16.0 (0.46) 23.8 (0.93)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 21.0 (0.28) 22.0 (0.24) 36.5 (0.43) 22.6 (0.22) 27.7 (0.37)

Black or African American, single race................ 11.6 (0.36) 21.4 (0.57) 47.3 (0.79) 34.2 (0.55) 34.5 (0.98)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 24.4 (2.28) 34.9 (2.82) 44.8 (3.13) 33.9 (2.63) 34.2 (4.18)

Asian, single race ............................ 8.6 (0.68) 12.2 (0.72) 37.5 (1.11) 6.4 (0.55) 30.4 (1.65)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 30.0 (7.26) 31.1 (6.86) 29.7 (5.11) 32.2 (5.80) 30.1 (8.00)

2 or more races ............................. 22.3 (1.38) 31.1 (1.61) 27.6 (1.54) 26.2 (1.71) 35.1 (2.89)

Black or African American, white .................. 25.1 (4.31) 31.2 (4.09) 29.5 (4.12) 29.0 (4.41) 40.7 (7.31)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 21.8 (2.27) 40.0 (2.58) 31.0 (2.76) 27.7 (2.54) 35.2 (5.03)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 19.1 (0.42) 16.0 (0.39) 50.7 (0.61) 25.2 (0.46) 25.0 (0.77)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 21.3 (0.53) 15.3 (0.47) 51.1 (0.76) 27.2 (0.62) 22.9 (0.93)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 19.6 (0.26) 22.4 (0.23) 36.2 (0.43) 23.4 (0.22) 29.2 (0.36)

White, single race ........................... 21.3 (0.30) 22.8 (0.26) 34.4 (0.46) 22.4 (0.24) 28.1 (0.39)

Black or African American, single race .............. 11.5 (0.36) 21.4 (0.56) 47.5 (0.80) 34.2 (0.54) 34.6 (0.99)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 15.3 (0.35) 27.5 (0.49) 60.4 (0.55) 27.0 (0.42) 29.0 (0.74)

GED diploma8

............................... 24.6 (1.10) 43.3 (1.16) 46.3 (1.20) 29.2 (1.03) 34.4 (2.19)

High school graduate .......................... 18.2 (0.37) 25.4 (0.34) 44.9 (0.57) 25.6 (0.37) 27.9 (0.55)

Some college—no degree ....................... 22.8 (0.49) 22.4 (0.41) 31.7 (0.54) 24.5 (0.41) 31.0 (0.80)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 21.1 (0.54) 21.0 (0.52) 30.4 (0.73) 25.7 (0.59) 31.6 (1.01)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 23.0 (0.47) 12.2 (0.32) 21.8 (0.46) 17.5 (0.39) 26.4 (0.74)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 16.0 (0.51) 7.6 (0.31) 18.7 (0.58) 16.2 (0.52) 24.8 (1.01)

Poverty status:9

Below poverty level ........................... 19.5 (0.76) 30.8 (0.71) 52.2 (1.01) 26.4 (0.58) 30.7 (0.94)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 17.8 (0.45) 26.8 (0.46) 49.7 (0.67) 27.1 (0.46) 31.5 (0.79)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 20.9 (0.36) 23.9 (0.37) 36.1 (0.53) 25.4 (0.37) 29.6 (0.69)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 24.3 (0.35) 17.2 (0.29) 23.1 (0.41) 21.5 (0.33) 27.7 (0.59)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 30.2 (0.60) 24.7 (0.47) 32.8 (0.54) 19.9 (0.39) 26.1 (0.74)

Married ................................... 16.4 (0.25) 17.6 (0.24) 36.7 (0.45) 24.5 (0.26) 27.7 (0.41)

Cohabiting ................................. 33.5 (0.80) 40.1 (0.81) 37.9 (0.88) 22.2 (0.70) 31.0 (1.26)

Divorced or separated.......................... 19.8 (0.42) 33.4 (0.47) 41.8 (0.58) 26.7 (0.47) 36.3 (0.86)

Widowed .................................. 3.5 (0.21) 13.1 (0.42) 57.4 (0.70) 22.9 (0.54) 29.2 (0.92)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 19.6 (0.44) 20.2 (0.48) 35.2 (0.63) 21.8 (0.44) 31.1 (0.80)

Midwest .................................. 24.0 (0.58) 24.2 (0.41) 34.3 (0.75) 24.8 (0.35) 29.7 (0.70)

South .................................... 16.5 (0.41) 23.0 (0.36) 43.5 (0.79) 25.2 (0.37) 28.8 (0.53)

West .................................... 19.9 (0.42) 17.4 (0.42) 34.8 (0.75) 20.8 (0.37) 25.0 (0.66)

Place of residence:10

MSA, central city ............................. 20.2 (0.44) 21.4 (0.36) 39.9 (0.67) 23.3 (0.33) 28.9 (0.59)

MSA, not central city .......................... 19.6 (0.32) 20.0 (0.28) 34.8 (0.45) 22.4 (0.25) 28.6 (0.48)

Not MSA .................................. 18.7 (0.59) 26.1 (0.53) 43.2 (1.12) 26.9 (0.53) 28.3 (0.63)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)6 .................... 28.5 (0.38) 24.2 (0.28) 35.7 (0.45) 23.8 (0.28) 29.0 (0.44)

Ages 18 years and over (age adjusted)6,7 ............... 28.1 (0.36) 23.8 (0.28) 36.0 (0.45) 23.6 (0.28) 28.6 (0.43)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 135

Table XX. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected unhealthy behaviors, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Selected unhealthy behaviors

Five or more

drinks in 1 day Current Physically Slept

at least once cigarette inactive 6 hours

Selected characteristic (past year)1 smoker2 (leisure time)3 Obese4 or less5

Men—Continued Percent (standard error)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 41.3 (1.15) 28.1 (0.92) 28.4 (0.94) 14.3 (0.68) 22.8 (1.35)

25–44 years ................................ 37.3 (0.55) 27.8 (0.43) 32.4 (0.57) 24.5 (0.41) 31.1 (0.71)

45–64 years ................................ 22.0 (0.42) 24.5 (0.48) 37.8 (0.59) 28.2 (0.53) 32.3 (0.88)

65–74 years ................................ 9.4 (0.56) 12.9 (0.58) 42.7 (1.07) 25.4 (0.82) 21.4 (1.26)

75 years and over ............................ 3.7 (0.40) 6.3 (0.48) 53.0 (1.13) 14.5 (0.73) 21.4 (1.57)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 30.0 (0.43) 24.1 (0.32) 34.8 (0.48) 23.8 (0.31) 28.2 (0.49)

Black or African American, single race................ 19.0 (0.67) 25.7 (0.81) 42.2 (1.15) 28.7 (0.83) 33.9 (1.42)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 31.3 (3.67) 36.3 (3.54) 46.3 (4.04) 35.2 (4.51) 34.4 (6.28)

Asian, single race ............................ 14.1 (1.22) 18.2 (1.21) 34.6 (1.68) 7.2 (0.83) 31.5 (2.46)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... 40.8 (9.69) 37.8 (9.22) 30.2 (6.46) 39.5 (8.65) *38.4 (11.70)

2 or more races ............................. 32.4 (2.58) 33.9 (2.39) 25.6 (2.21) 22.4 (2.43) 37.0 (4.25)

Black or African American, white .................. 37.0 (8.29) 38.0 (7.12) 22.7 (6.36) 23.4 (5.62) 42.0 (10.60)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 32.3 (3.85) 45.2 (4.15) 30.6 (3.79) 21.5 (3.23) 34.2 (7.62)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 30.5 (0.72) 21.1 (0.63) 48.2 (0.77) 24.6 (0.63) 24.1 (1.10)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 33.6 (0.88) 21.0 (0.75) 49.4 (0.98) 26.1 (0.84) 21.5 (1.38)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 28.3 (0.41) 24.7 (0.31) 33.9 (0.48) 23.7 (0.31) 29.7 (0.48)

White, single race ........................... 30.2 (0.46) 24.6 (0.36) 32.7 (0.51) 23.7 (0.34) 28.8 (0.53)

Black or African American, single race .............. 18.8 (0.67) 25.5 (0.81) 42.3 (1.16) 28.5 (0.81) 33.9 (1.43)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 25.0 (0.64) 32.4 (0.66) 58.0 (0.75) 24.4 (0.60) 28.6 (1.14)

GED diploma8

............................... 33.1 (1.64) 46.6 (1.59) 45.2 (1.78) 27.7 (1.52) 35.3 (3.04)

High school graduate .......................... 28.1 (0.62) 29.1 (0.53) 42.6 (0.71) 25.9 (0.54) 27.8 (0.88)

Some college—no degree ....................... 32.2 (0.77) 24.0 (0.58) 29.0 (0.70) 25.2 (0.61) 31.2 (1.08)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 32.1 (0.96) 23.8 (0.86) 28.8 (1.10) 26.9 (0.88) 33.3 (1.61)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 31.4 (0.75) 13.7 (0.51) 20.3 (0.58) 19.5 (0.61) 27.9 (1.03)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 20.3 (0.77) 8.0 (0.44) 17.5 (0.73) 17.9 (0.74) 25.5 (1.33)

Poverty status:9

Below poverty level ........................... 30.6 (1.27) 33.9 (1.03) 48.6 (1.32) 22.2 (0.81) 28.7 (1.57)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 27.4 (0.80) 31.9 (0.71) 48.6 (0.94) 24.5 (0.68) 30.0 (1.25)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 29.4 (0.59) 26.7 (0.52) 35.5 (0.70) 25.1 (0.55) 30.5 (0.98)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 33.2 (0.55) 19.3 (0.41) 22.1 (0.51) 24.5 (0.49) 29.7 (0.83)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 39.2 (0.82) 27.3 (0.64) 30.2 (0.70) 17.8 (0.53) 25.6 (0.91)

Married ................................... 23.4 (0.39) 19.7 (0.32) 36.3 (0.49) 26.2 (0.37) 28.6 (0.56)

Cohabiting ................................. 43.5 (1.23) 42.7 (1.19) 38.0 (1.20) 22.2 (0.94) 33.1 (1.91)

Divorced or separated.......................... 32.7 (0.78) 38.0 (0.78) 39.1 (0.88) 25.0 (0.74) 37.0 (1.27)

Widowed .................................. 10.5 (0.80) 16.1 (1.01) 51.9 (1.52) 18.0 (1.05) 28.5 (2.36)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 28.2 (0.76) 21.7 (0.65) 32.3 (0.74) 23.3 (0.67) 31.7 (0.89)

Midwest .................................. 33.8 (0.88) 27.0 (0.55) 33.0 (0.88) 24.8 (0.56) 29.6 (1.01)

South .................................... 24.7 (0.64) 26.0 (0.49) 41.1 (0.86) 24.8 (0.50) 29.6 (0.70)

West .................................... 29.4 (0.65) 20.1 (0.57) 32.4 (0.88) 21.1 (0.54) 25.0 (0.95)

Place of residence:10

MSA, central city ............................. 29.6 (0.63) 24.2 (0.48) 36.3 (0.79) 22.2 (0.46) 28.9 (0.84)

MSA, not central city .......................... 28.2 (0.50) 22.3 (0.39) 33.1 (0.51) 23.5 (0.38) 29.4 (0.63)

Not MSA .................................. 27.9 (0.88) 29.3 (0.70) 41.8 (1.21) 26.8 (0.69) 27.9 (1.05)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)6 .................... 11.5 (0.19) 19.2 (0.25) 40.0 (0.43) 23.4 (0.26) 28.3 (0.43)

Ages 18 years and over (age adjusted)6,7 ............... 11.8 (0.20) 19.4 (0.25) 39.8 (0.43) 23.2 (0.25) 28.3 (0.43)

Age:

18–24 years ................................ 22.9 (0.79) 22.5 (0.75) 34.5 (0.89) 14.3 (0.60) 24.1 (1.29)

25–44 years ................................ 15.8 (0.34) 22.3 (0.39) 35.6 (0.58) 22.8 (0.40) 28.4 (0.63)

45–64 years ................................ 7.3 (0.24) 20.4 (0.38) 38.5 (0.54) 28.4 (0.48) 31.3 (0.78)

65–74 years ................................ 2.2 (0.25) 11.2 (0.50) 47.5 (0.88) 27.8 (0.68) 26.6 (1.27)

75 years and over ............................ 0.5 (0.10) 5.5 (0.36) 64.1 (0.81) 16.9 (0.60) 25.3 (1.11)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 136 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XX. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected unhealthy behaviors, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Selected unhealthy behaviors

Five or more

drinks in 1 day Current Physically Slept

at least once cigarette inactive 6 hours

Selected characteristic (past year)1 smoker2 (leisure time)3 Obese4 or less5

Women—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ............................ 12.6 (0.23) 20.1 (0.28) 38.1 (0.47) 21.5 (0.27) 27.2 (0.47)

Black or African American, single race................ 5.9 (0.31) 18.0 (0.61) 51.5 (0.81) 38.8 (0.80) 35.0 (1.27)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........... 17.7 (2.95) 33.5 (3.93) 43.4 (4.12) 32.6 (3.29) 33.9 (5.32)

Asian, single race ............................ 3.0 (0.50) 6.1 (0.72) 40.6 (1.55) 5.5 (0.68) 29.2 (2.31)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ...... † *21.0 (6.54) 29.1 (8.17) *19.6 (6.71) *22.1 (8.62)

2 or more races ............................. 14.0 (1.49) 28.8 (1.93) 29.3 (1.99) 29.4 (2.22) 33.4 (4.21)

Black or African American, white .................. 16.7 (4.51) 26.4 (4.86) 34.4 (5.65) 33.4 (6.13) 39.8 (10.22)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............. 13.7 (2.74) 35.9 (3.32) 31.3 (3.66) 32.8 (3.39) 36.0 (6.51)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ............................ 7.7 (0.32) 10.7 (0.37) 53.4 (0.80) 25.9 (0.57) 25.9 (0.95)

Mexican or Mexican-American ................... 8.5 (0.45) 9.3 (0.49) 53.0 (1.02) 28.4 (0.76) 24.5 (1.16)

Not Hispanic or Latino.......................... 11.9 (0.21) 20.3 (0.27) 38.3 (0.46) 23.1 (0.28) 28.6 (0.47)

White, single race ........................... 13.3 (0.25) 21.1 (0.30) 36.1 (0.50) 21.1 (0.29) 27.4 (0.49)

Black or African American, single race .............. 5.8 (0.31) 18.0 (0.60) 51.6 (0.83) 39.0 (0.78) 35.2 (1.29)

Education:

Less than high school graduate .................... 6.3 (0.29) 23.0 (0.62) 62.8 (0.69) 29.4 (0.62) 29.4 (0.95)

GED diploma8

............................... 15.7 (1.20) 39.7 (1.64) 47.5 (1.70) 31.0 (1.35) 33.4 (2.95)

High school graduate .......................... 9.5 (0.32) 22.2 (0.43) 46.9 (0.65) 25.3 (0.45) 28.0 (0.74)

Some college—no degree ....................... 14.5 (0.47) 21.1 (0.53) 34.1 (0.61) 23.7 (0.54) 30.9 (1.02)

Associate of arts degree ........................ 12.7 (0.59) 18.8 (0.60) 31.6 (0.88) 24.8 (0.80) 30.2 (1.26)

Bachelor of arts, science degree ................... 15.3 (0.50) 10.9 (0.39) 23.2 (0.61) 15.7 (0.48) 25.0 (0.92)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ................. 10.7 (0.59) 7.1 (0.46) 20.2 (0.85) 14.2 (0.67) 24.0 (1.43)

Poverty status:9

Below poverty level ........................... 12.1 (0.63) 28.7 (0.82) 54.6 (1.16) 29.3 (0.77) 32.1 (1.12)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................... 10.2 (0.41) 22.7 (0.60) 50.5 (0.74) 29.2 (0.58) 32.7 (1.01)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................... 12.6 (0.36) 21.1 (0.50) 36.6 (0.62) 25.6 (0.44) 28.8 (0.85)

4 times poverty level or more ..................... 14.9 (0.38) 15.0 (0.36) 24.1 (0.54) 18.3 (0.41) 25.5 (0.80)

Marital status:

Never married............................... 19.8 (0.64) 21.5 (0.56) 35.9 (0.72) 22.4 (0.54) 26.8 (1.04)

Married ................................... 9.4 (0.22) 15.5 (0.29) 37.2 (0.54) 22.7 (0.33) 26.9 (0.57)

Cohabiting ................................. 24.0 (0.95) 37.6 (1.08) 37.8 (1.12) 22.1 (1.05) 29.0 (1.78)

Divorced or separated.......................... 11.3 (0.43) 30.4 (0.60) 43.5 (0.68) 27.8 (0.63) 35.9 (1.08)

Widowed .................................. 2.0 (0.18) 12.4 (0.46) 58.6 (0.74) 24.1 (0.62) 29.4 (0.96)

Geographic region:

Northeast ................................. 12.2 (0.41) 18.8 (0.59) 37.7 (0.80) 20.3 (0.54) 30.6 (1.12)

Midwest .................................. 15.0 (0.45) 21.6 (0.51) 35.6 (0.81) 24.8 (0.50) 29.8 (1.02)

South .................................... 8.9 (0.29) 20.3 (0.42) 45.8 (0.83) 25.6 (0.48) 28.1 (0.65)

West .................................... 11.0 (0.40) 14.8 (0.44) 37.0 (0.80) 20.5 (0.43) 25.0 (0.77)

Place of residence:10

MSA, central city ............................. 11.9 (0.40) 18.8 (0.45) 43.2 (0.73) 24.3 (0.42) 28.8 (0.82)

MSA, not central city .......................... 11.6 (0.27) 17.9 (0.33) 36.4 (0.53) 21.4 (0.32) 27.9 (0.61)

Not MSA .................................. 10.5 (0.48) 23.2 (0.61) 44.5 (1.20) 27.0 (0.71) 28.8 (0.83)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

† A dagger indicates that the estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50% and is not shown.

1Five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in the past year was asked of only current drinkers but estimates reflect percent of all adults who engaged in this behavior (as shown in Table 3.3).

2Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime and currently smoked.

3Never engaged in any leisure-time light, moderate, or vigorous physical activity.

4Obese is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than or equal to 30.

5Usual number of hours of sleep in a 24-hour period. Based on data from 2004 NHIS Sample Adult only.

6Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

7Estimates are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9Poverty status for columns 1–4 is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003; poverty status for column 5 is based on 2003.

10MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 8.1. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown health behavior characteristic. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 137

Table XXI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected healthy behaviors, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Selected healthy behaviors

Never Any regular

smoked leisure-time Healthy Slept

Selected characteristic cigarettes1 physical activity2 weight3 7–8 hours4

Both sexes Percent (standard error)

Ages 18 years and over (crude)5

............................ 56.4 (0.27) 31.6 (0.29) 39.1 (0.23) 62.8 (0.35)

Ages 18 years and over (age adjusted)5,6 ...................... 56.6 (0.26) 31.6 (0.29) 39.2 (0.22) 62.8 (0.35)

Age:

18–24 years ....................................... 67.5 (0.73) 39.3 (0.74) 55.8 (0.64) 63.4 (1.05)

25–44 years ....................................... 60.8 (0.38) 34.0 (0.38) 39.7 (0.34) 64.4 (0.52)

45–64 years ....................................... 49.3 (0.41) 30.4 (0.38) 31.9 (0.34) 61.8 (0.61)

65–74 years ....................................... 46.9 (0.62) 27.0 (0.64) 32.3 (0.55) 63.4 (0.98)

75 years and over ................................... 55.7 (0.62) 16.8 (0.49) 44.5 (0.66) 57.0 (1.11)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 54.2 (0.30) 32.8 (0.33) 39.6 (0.25) 64.0 (0.39)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 64.4 (0.57) 25.5 (0.62) 30.1 (0.58) 54.9 (0.99)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 46.1 (3.51) 26.1 (2.52) 33.4 (3.36) 52.6 (4.85)

Asian, single race.................................... 75.1 (0.95) 28.9 (1.09) 61.2 (1.16) 64.5 (1.80)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 54.6 (7.71) 37.0 (5.74) 34.6 (6.61) 56.9 (9.81)

2 or more races ..................................... 48.3 (1.80) 35.8 (1.69) 39.1 (2.02) 54.9 (2.91)

Black or African American, white ......................... 58.6 (4.83) 37.9 (4.55) 41.3 (4.60) 56.2 (7.31)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 34.7 (2.27) 33.1 (2.86) 36.2 (3.05) 56.2 (4.75)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 70.4 (0.52) 24.1 (0.44) 34.2 (0.49) 65.8 (0.84)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 72.1 (0.63) 23.7 (0.53) 31.6 (0.61) 66.8 (1.06)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 54.5 (0.29) 32.7 (0.32) 39.7 (0.24) 62.4 (0.37)

White, single race .................................. 52.2 (0.32) 33.9 (0.35) 40.2 (0.26) 63.6 (0.40)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 64.4 (0.57) 25.5 (0.64) 30.0 (0.58) 54.7 (1.00)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 52.1 (0.54) 18.3 (0.40) 35.6 (0.47) 58.0 (0.80)

GED diploma7 ...................................... 32.8 (1.07) 24.5 (1.02) 34.4 (1.16) 53.6 (2.20)

High school graduate ................................. 52.3 (0.41) 26.4 (0.46) 36.5 (0.39) 62.2 (0.64)

Some college—no degree .............................. 56.0 (0.50) 35.5 (0.55) 39.4 (0.55) 60.9 (0.79)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 55.3 (0.69) 35.7 (0.65) 36.8 (0.64) 61.2 (1.06)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 66.3 (0.48) 42.1 (0.52) 44.9 (0.51) 68.8 (0.74)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 68.0 (0.59) 45.3 (0.72) 45.6 (0.68) 70.4 (1.07)

Poverty status:8

Below poverty level................................... 55.1 (0.87) 23.7 (0.77) 40.4 (0.74) 55.9 (1.10)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 54.3 (0.53) 23.4 (0.49) 37.2 (0.51) 57.3 (0.84)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 53.6 (0.45) 31.4 (0.45) 37.4 (0.41) 62.0 (0.72)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 57.7 (0.39) 40.9 (0.42) 39.4 (0.37) 66.3 (0.61)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 65.6 (0.51) 38.4 (0.56) 48.2 (0.51) 63.2 (0.81)

Married .......................................... 57.0 (0.33) 31.3 (0.33) 35.9 (0.28) 65.1 (0.45)

Cohabiting ........................................ 42.2 (0.81) 32.1 (0.89) 42.4 (0.80) 59.4 (1.32)

Divorced or separated ................................. 44.4 (0.50) 29.2 (0.46) 36.6 (0.50) 55.7 (0.85)

Widowed ......................................... 55.9 (0.62) 18.0 (0.52) 41.1 (0.66) 56.1 (0.98)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 55.1 (0.59) 34.0 (0.65) 40.4 (0.50) 61.1 (0.82)

Midwest.......................................... 53.3 (0.54) 32.2 (0.55) 37.8 (0.44) 62.2 (0.69)

South ........................................... 56.7 (0.48) 28.4 (0.56) 37.7 (0.40) 62.0 (0.58)

West............................................ 61.0 (0.56) 34.5 (0.48) 41.9 (0.46) 66.3 (0.77)

Place of residence:9

MSA, central city .................................... 59.3 (0.44) 30.9 (0.50) 41.0 (0.39) 61.9 (0.62)

MSA, not central city.................................. 56.6 (0.38) 33.5 (0.36) 39.3 (0.30) 63.7 (0.50)

Not MSA ......................................... 51.9 (0.61) 27.9 (0.73) 35.8 (0.55) 61.7 (0.78)

Men

Ages 18 years and over (crude)5

............................ 50.3 (0.35) 34.2 (0.38) 31.6 (0.31) 63.2 (0.48)

Ages 18 years and over (age adjusted)5,6 ...................... 50.0 (0.33) 34.1 (0.37) 31.8 (0.30) 63.2 (0.48)

Age:

18–24 years ....................................... 64.6 (1.00) 44.5 (1.01) 52.4 (0.90) 65.6 (1.57)

25–44 years ....................................... 57.7 (0.47) 35.7 (0.50) 30.3 (0.45) 64.2 (0.77)

45–64 years ....................................... 41.6 (0.55) 31.3 (0.52) 24.3 (0.47) 61.4 (0.88)

65–74 years ....................................... 33.6 (0.83) 30.2 (0.91) 25.4 (0.83) 65.6 (1.49)

75 years and over ................................... 37.8 (1.04) 22.1 (0.84) 41.3 (1.07) 57.6 (1.78)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 138 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XXI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected healthy behaviors, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Selected healthy behaviors

Never Any regular

smoked leisure-time Healthy Slept

Selected characteristic cigarettes1 physical activity2 weight3 7–8 hours4

Men—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 48.7 (0.39) 34.9 (0.42) 30.8 (0.34) 64.3 (0.52)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 56.7 (0.91) 31.4 (0.97) 30.3 (0.87) 55.2 (1.59)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 43.5 (4.38) 25.3 (3.68) 25.2 (4.57) 54.3 (6.72)

Asian, single race.................................... 61.8 (1.53) 30.7 (1.54) 56.4 (1.45) 63.9 (2.63)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 47.4 (9.09) 41.1 (8.05) *26.3 (9.44) 38.4 (10.60)

2 or more races ..................................... 43.2 (2.65) 38.9 (2.50) 33.1 (2.98) 53.7 (4.74)

Black or African American, white ......................... 55.3 (8.63) 42.0 (7.54) 38.8 (7.01) 58.0 (10.60)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 26.9 (3.37) 36.1 (4.27) 30.4 (4.18) 57.6 (7.34)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 61.3 (0.81) 26.5 (0.67) 28.9 (0.61) 68.2 (1.24)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 62.8 (0.99) 25.5 (0.84) 27.5 (0.75) 70.7 (1.55)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 48.7 (0.38) 35.3 (0.41) 32.0 (0.33) 62.4 (0.53)

White, single race .................................. 47.0 (0.42) 36.1 (0.46) 31.1 (0.36) 63.7 (0.55)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 56.9 (0.92) 31.4 (0.99) 30.3 (0.87) 55.2 (1.60)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 41.8 (0.76) 21.0 (0.64) 33.8 (0.70) 58.8 (1.22)

GED diploma7 ...................................... 26.0 (1.42) 25.7 (1.45) 32.2 (1.57) 54.9 (3.11)

High school graduate ................................. 45.4 (0.58) 28.9 (0.63) 30.2 (0.54) 62.9 (1.01)

Some college—no degree .............................. 51.4 (0.73) 39.5 (0.80) 31.2 (0.74) 61.9 (1.10)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 49.4 (1.06) 37.6 (0.99) 26.9 (0.84) 60.6 (1.65)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 61.7 (0.69) 43.4 (0.72) 31.8 (0.73) 67.9 (1.07)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 64.9 (0.88) 47.0 (0.95) 35.7 (0.83) 70.7 (1.45)

Poverty status:8

Below poverty level................................... 48.5 (1.27) 28.6 (1.19) 40.3 (1.05) 59.1 (1.94)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 46.1 (0.75) 24.9 (0.73) 34.5 (0.78) 59.1 (1.42)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 47.8 (0.60) 33.4 (0.64) 31.5 (0.58) 61.2 (1.02)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 52.7 (0.53) 42.5 (0.61) 27.5 (0.47) 65.4 (0.83)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 62.4 (0.69) 42.7 (0.74) 45.4 (0.66) 64.2 (1.06)

Married .......................................... 49.7 (0.42) 31.8 (0.44) 26.2 (0.36) 64.7 (0.57)

Cohabiting ........................................ 38.5 (1.21) 32.9 (1.22) 34.9 (1.01) 58.8 (1.88)

Divorced or separated ................................. 36.2 (0.77) 33.2 (0.72) 30.7 (0.68) 54.9 (1.33)

Widowed ......................................... 34.5 (1.33) 23.1 (1.34) 37.4 (1.25) 57.6 (2.27)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 50.2 (0.80) 37.4 (0.80) 31.4 (0.77) 61.2 (0.93)

Midwest.......................................... 47.1 (0.67) 33.9 (0.75) 29.7 (0.57) 62.9 (0.96)

South ........................................... 49.8 (0.60) 31.2 (0.71) 31.6 (0.56) 62.1 (0.90)

West............................................ 55.1 (0.69) 37.1 (0.64) 34.3 (0.58) 67.0 (0.98)

Place of residence:9

MSA, central city .................................... 53.2 (0.57) 34.5 (0.64) 35.4 (0.60) 62.7 (0.91)

MSA, not central city.................................. 51.1 (0.47) 35.8 (0.48) 30.7 (0.42) 63.5 (0.70)

Not MSA ......................................... 44.3 (0.79) 29.7 (0.92) 29.1 (0.65) 63.0 (1.18)

Women

Ages 18 years and over (crude)5

............................ 62.1 (0.32) 29.3 (0.34) 46.2 (0.32) 62.4 (0.44)

Ages 18 years and over (age adjusted)5,6 ...................... 62.3 (0.32) 29.4 (0.34) 46.4 (0.31) 62.5 (0.44)

Age:

18–24 years ....................................... 70.4 (0.88) 34.1 (0.84) 59.2 (0.88) 61.1 (1.37)

25–44 years ....................................... 63.8 (0.47) 32.3 (0.47) 49.2 (0.47) 64.6 (0.67)

45–64 years ....................................... 56.5 (0.51) 29.5 (0.47) 39.3 (0.45) 62.2 (0.79)

65–74 years ....................................... 57.9 (0.78) 24.4 (0.76) 38.2 (0.78) 61.5 (1.32)

75 years and over ................................... 67.2 (0.73) 13.3 (0.55) 46.6 (0.78) 56.6 (1.36)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 230 [ Page 139

Table XXI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of adults 18 years of age and over who engaged in selected healthy behaviors, by

selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04—Con.

Selected healthy behaviors

Never Any regular

smoked leisure-time Healthy Slept

Selected characteristic cigarettes1 physical activity2 weight3 7–8 hours4

Women—Continued Percent (standard error)

Race:

White, single race ................................... 59.2 (0.36) 30.8 (0.38) 48.1 (0.34) 63.7 (0.49)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 70.5 (0.60) 20.8 (0.66) 30.0 (0.76) 54.6 (1.18)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race .................. 48.7 (4.55) 27.0 (3.25) 42.1 (3.66) 50.6 (6.35)

Asian, single race.................................... 89.0 (0.91) 27.1 (1.35) 66.3 (1.66) 65.1 (2.45)

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race.............. 65.6 (9.42) 30.9 (8.15) 48.8 (9.27) 74.7 (7.97)

2 or more races ..................................... 52.5 (2.09) 33.1 (2.33) 44.3 (2.54) 56.1 (3.95)

Black or African American, white ......................... 61.0 (5.30) 34.9 (6.11) 43.3 (5.89) 54.9 (10.30)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................... 40.7 (3.13) 30.7 (3.72) 40.9 (4.16) 55.1 (6.06)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race:

Hispanic or Latino ................................... 79.7 (0.52) 21.7 (0.60) 39.7 (0.67) 63.3 (1.01)

Mexican or Mexican-American .......................... 82.2 (0.64) 21.8 (0.74) 36.1 (0.88) 62.6 (1.28)

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................. 59.8 (0.34) 30.2 (0.36) 47.0 (0.34) 62.3 (0.46)

White, single race .................................. 57.0 (0.38) 31.9 (0.40) 49.0 (0.36) 63.6 (0.51)

Black or African American, single race ..................... 70.4 (0.60) 20.7 (0.68) 29.8 (0.74) 54.4 (1.20)

Education:

Less than high school graduate ........................... 61.8 (0.68) 15.7 (0.47) 37.3 (0.63) 57.3 (0.99)

GED diploma7 ...................................... 40.2 (1.62) 23.2 (1.39) 36.7 (1.66) 51.9 (3.16)

High school graduate ................................. 58.5 (0.52) 24.2 (0.57) 42.3 (0.50) 61.7 (0.81)

Some college—no degree .............................. 60.0 (0.61) 32.0 (0.61) 47.0 (0.71) 60.0 (1.04)

Associate of arts degree ............................... 60.0 (0.80) 34.1 (0.81) 44.9 (0.83) 61.6 (1.39)

Bachelor of arts, science degree .......................... 70.7 (0.63) 41.0 (0.69) 57.7 (0.70) 69.7 (0.95)

Masters, doctorate, medical degree......................... 72.0 (0.83) 43.2 (1.04) 58.4 (0.97) 70.0 (1.49)

Poverty status:8

Below poverty level................................... 59.6 (0.94) 20.4 (0.80) 40.6 (0.99) 53.8 (1.23)

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ............................ 60.9 (0.70) 22.1 (0.57) 39.5 (0.66) 55.9 (1.05)

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ............................ 59.3 (0.58) 29.5 (0.56) 43.3 (0.56) 62.8 (0.93)

4 times poverty level or more ............................ 63.1 (0.52) 39.1 (0.55) 52.7 (0.55) 67.3 (0.79)

Marital status:

Never married ...................................... 69.5 (0.64) 33.2 (0.69) 51.7 (0.75) 61.8 (1.11)

Married .......................................... 64.3 (0.42) 30.8 (0.41) 46.0 (0.40) 65.4 (0.63)

Cohabiting ........................................ 45.9 (1.13) 31.4 (1.15) 50.2 (1.24) 60.0 (1.93)

Divorced or separated ................................. 49.9 (0.65) 26.6 (0.56) 40.7 (0.72) 56.2 (1.07)

Widowed ......................................... 60.7 (0.66) 16.8 (0.52) 42.0 (0.75) 55.7 (1.13)

Geographic region:

Northeast......................................... 59.4 (0.70) 31.0 (0.82) 48.7 (0.75) 61.0 (1.10)

Midwest.......................................... 59.0 (0.62) 30.5 (0.64) 45.6 (0.61) 61.5 (0.93)

South ........................................... 63.1 (0.55) 25.9 (0.59) 43.5 (0.52) 61.9 (0.68)

West............................................ 66.7 (0.67) 32.1 (0.60) 49.4 (0.65) 65.6 (0.94)

Place of residence:9

MSA, central city .................................... 64.8 (0.53) 27.8 (0.58) 46.3 (0.53) 61.3 (0.83)

MSA, not central city.................................. 61.9 (0.45) 31.3 (0.44) 47.8 (0.42) 63.8 (0.61)

Not MSA ......................................... 58.8 (0.72) 26.2 (0.82) 42.0 (0.74) 60.4 (0.99)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%. These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of

reliability or precision.

1Never smoked cigarettes or smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in lifetime.

2Engaged in light-moderate activity at least 5 times per week for at least 30 minutes each time, or engaged in vigorous activity at least 3 times per week for at least 20 minutes each time, or met either

one or both of these criteria.

3Healthy weight is defined as a BMI of greater than or equal to 18.5 and less than 25.

4Usual number of hours of sleep in a 24-hour period. Based on data from the 2004 NHIS Sample Adult only.

5Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

6Estimates are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

7GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

8Poverty status for columns 1–3 is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003; poverty status for column 4 is based on 2003.

9MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 8.2. Denominator for each percentage excludes persons with unknown health behavior characteristics. See Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 140 [ Series 10, No. 230

Table XXII. Number of adults 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 2002–04

Selected characteristic sexes Both sexes Men Women

Number (in thousands)

Total1 ................................................. 211,353 101,533 109,820

Age

18–24 years .............................................

25–44 years .............................................

45–64 years .............................................

65–74 years .............................................

75 years and over .........................................

27,791

81,899

67,693

18,089

15,881

13,914

40,360

32,812

8,238

6,208

13,877

41,538

34,881

9,851

9,673

Race

White, single race..........................................

Black or African American, single race .............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ........................

Asian, single race ..........................................

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, single race ....................

2 or more races ...........................................

Black or African American, white ...............................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ..........................

169,450

23,734

1,208

7,385

290

2,400

268

1,022

81,822

10,581

602

3,787

172

1,100

111

450

87,628

13,153

607

3,599

118

1,301

157

571

Hispanic or Latino origin and race

Hispanic or Latino..........................................

Mexican or Mexican-American.................................

Not Hispanic or Latino .......................................

White, single race ........................................

Black or African American, single race............................

25,254

15,884

185,797

151,644

23,390

12,781

8,263

88,584

72,761

10,413

12,473

7,621

97,213

78,883

12,977

Education

Less than high school graduate .................................

GED diploma2 ............................................

High school graduate........................................

Some college—no degree.....................................

Associate of arts degree......................................

Bachelor of arts, science degree.................................

Masters, doctorate, medical degree ...............................

34,898

5,840

55,852

41,489

19,185

33,854

17,518

16,942

3,018

26,228

19,487

8,370

16,369

9,715

17,955

2,822

29,624

22,003

10,816

17,485

7,803

Poverty3

Below poverty level .........................................

≥1 and <2 times poverty level ..................................

≥2 and <4 times poverty level ..................................

4 times poverty level or more...................................

17,466

28,052

49,841

62,814

7,084

12,473

24,700

32,591

10,383

15,578

25,141

30,223

Marital status

Never married ............................................

Married ................................................

Cohabiting ..............................................

Divorced or separated .......................................

Widowed ...............................................

41,062

121,815

12,002

22,247

13,472

22,495

61,267

5,955

8,948

2,489

18,567

60,547

6,047

13,298

10,983

Geographic region

Northeast ...............................................

Midwest ................................................

South .................................................

West ..................................................

40,371

51,499

77,005

42,478

18,940

24,748

37,081

20,764

21,431

26,752

39,924

21,714

Place of residence4

MSA, central city ..........................................

MSA, not central city ........................................

Not MSA ...............................................

59,032

109,528

42,792

27,972

53,281

20,280

31,061

56,247

22,512

1Persons of other races and unknown race and ethnicity, unknown education, unknown poverty status, and unknown marital status are included in total.

2GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

3Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for 2001, 2002, and 2003.

4MSA is metropolitan statistical area (see Appendix II).

NOTES: Population estimates can be used in conjuction with the unadjusted statistics to calculate the numbers of persons in each category shown in the Appendix III Tables of the report. See

Appendix II for definitions of terms.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Surveys, 2002–04. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Vital and Health Statistics

series descriptions

SERIES 1. Programs and Collection Procedures—These reports

describe the data collection programs of the National Center

for Health Statistics. They include descriptions of the methods

used to collect and process the data, definitions, and other

material necessary for understanding the data.

SERIES 2. Data Evaluation and Methods Research—These reports

are studies of new statistical methods and include analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected

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also include experimental tests of new survey methods and

comparisons of U.S. methodology with those of other

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present analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and

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the expository types of reports in the other series.

SERIES 4. Documents and Committee Reports—These are final

reports of major committees concerned with vital and health

statistics and documents such as recommended model vital

registration laws and revised birth and death certificates.

SERIES 5. International Vital and Health Statistics Reports—These

reports are analytical or descriptive reports that compare U.S.

vital and health statistics with those of other countries or

present other international data of relevance to the health

statistics system of the United States.

SERIES 6. Cognition and Survey Measurement—These reports are

from the National Laboratory for Collaborative Research in

Cognition and Survey Measurement. They use methods of

cognitive science to design, evaluate, and test survey

instruments.

SERIES 10. Data From the National Health Interview Survey—These

reports contain statistics on illness; unintentional injuries;

disability; use of hospital, medical, and other health services;

and a wide range of special current health topics covering

many aspects of health behaviors, health status, and health

care utilization. They are based on data collected in a

continuing national household interview survey.

SERIES 11. Data From the National Health Examination Survey, the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and

the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—

Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement on

representative samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized

population provide the basis for (1) medically defined total

prevalence of specific diseases or conditions in the United

States and the distributions of the population with respect to

physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics, and

(2) analyses of trends and relationships among various

measurements and between survey periods.

SERIES 12. Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are

included in Series 13.

SERIES 13. Data From the National Health Care Survey—These

reports contain statistics on health resources and the public’s

use of health care resources including ambulatory, hospital,

and long-term care services based on data collected directly

from health care providers and provider records.

SERIES 14. Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities—

Discontinued in 1990. Reports on the numbers, geographic

distribution, and characteristics of health resources are now

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special surveys that are not part of the continuing data

systems of the National Center for Health Statistics.

SERIES 16. Compilations of Advance Data From Vital and Health

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may be followed by detailed reports in Series 10–13.

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Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these sample surveys,

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family planning and infertility; and related maternal and infant

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Divorce—These include advance reports of births, deaths,

marriages, and divorces based on final data from the National

Vital Statistics System that were published as National Vital

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Report. These reports provide highlights and summaries of

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