U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 

1 

69–011 2008

110th Congress, 2d Session – – – – – – – – – – – – House Document 110–107 

EXPANSION OF THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY WITH 

RESPECT TO BURMA 

MESSAGE 

FROM

THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 

TRANSMITTING

NOTIFICATION OF THE EXPANSION OF THE SCOPE OF THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY DECLARED WITH RESPECT TO BURMA DECLARED IN EXECUTIVE ORDER 13047 OF MAY 20, 1997, AND EXPANDED IN EXECUTIVE ORDER 13448 OF OCTOBER 18, 2007, 

PURSUANT TO 50 U.S.C. 1622(d) 

MAY 1, 2008.—Message and accompanying papers referred to the 

Committee on Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed 


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To the Congress of the United States: 

Pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 

(50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), I hereby report that I have issued 

an Executive Order (the ‘‘order’’) that takes additional steps with 

respect to the national emergency declared in Executive Order 

13047 of May 20, 1997, and expanded in Executive Order 13448 of 

October 18, 2007. 

In 1997, the United States put in place a prohibition on new investment in Burma in response to the Government of Burma’s 

large scale repression of the democratic opposition in that country. 

On July 28, 2003, those sanctions were expanded by steps taken 

in Executive Order 13310, which contained prohibitions implementing sections 3 and 4 of the Burmese Freedom and Democracy 

Act of 2003 (Public Law 108–61) (the ‘‘Act’’) and supplemented that 

Act with additional restrictions. On October 18, 2007, I determined 

that the Government of Burma’s continued repression of the democratic opposition in Burma, manifested at the time in the violent 

response to peaceful demonstrations, the commission of human 

rights abuses related to political repression, and engagement in 

public corruption, including by diverting or misusing Burmese public assets or by misusing public authority, warranted an expansion 

of the then-existing sanctions. Executive Order 13448, issued on 

that date, incorporated existing designation criteria set forth in Executive Order 13310, blocked the property and interests in property 

of persons listed in the Annex to that Executive Order, and provided additional criteria for designations of certain other persons. 

The order supplements the existing designation criteria set forth 

in Executive Order 13310, as incorporated in and expanded by Executive Order 13448. The order blocks the property and interests 

in property in the United States of persons listed in the Annex to 

the order and provides additional criteria for designations of persons determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Secretary of State, to be owned or controlled by, directly or indirectly, the Government of Burma or an official or officials of the Government of Burma; to have materially assisted, 

sponsored, or provided financial, material, logistical, or technical 

support for, or goods or services in support of, the Government of 

Burma, the State Peace and Development Council of Burma, the 

Union Solidarity and Development Association of Burma, any successor entity to any of the foregoing, any senior official of any of 

the foregoing, or any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to Executive Order 13310, Executive 

Order 13448, or the order; or to be owned or controlled by, or to 

have acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, any person whose property and interests in property are 

blocked pursuant to Executive Order 13310, Executive Order 

13448, or the order. 


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The order leaves in place the existing prohibitions on new investment, the exportation or reexportation to Burma of financial services, and the importation of any article that is a product of Burma, 

which were put into effect in Executive Order 13047 and Executive 

Order 13310. 

The order authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Secretary of State, to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all 

powers granted to the President by IEEPA and section 4 of the 

Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003 as may be necessary 

to carry out the purposes of the order. 

I am enclosing a copy of the Executive Order I have issued. 

GEORGE W. BUSH. 

THE WHITE HOUSE, April 30, 2008. 


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EXECUTIVE ORDER

BLOCKING PROPERTY AND PROHIBITING CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS

RELATED TO BURMA

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution 

and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) 

(IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), 

the Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003 (Public Law 

108–61, as amended, 50 U.S.C. 1701 note), and section 301 of title 

3, United States Code, and in order to take additional steps with 

respect to the Government of Burma’s continued repression of the 

democratic opposition in Burma, and with respect to the national 

emergency declared in Executive Order 13047 of May 20, 1997, relied upon for additional steps taken in Executive Order 13310 of 

July 28, 2003, and expanded in Executive Order 13448 of October 

18, 2007, 

I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United States of America, hereby order: 

Section 1. Except to the extent provided in section 203(b)(1), (3), 

and (4) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(1), (3), and (4)), the Trade 

Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 (title IX, 

Public Law 106–387), or regulations, orders, directives, or licenses 

that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding 

any contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to 

the effective date of this order, all property and interests in property of the following persons that are in the United States, that 

hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter 

come within the possession or control of United States persons, including their overseas branches, are blocked and may not be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise dealt in: 

(a) the persons listed in the Annex attached and made a part 

of this order; and 

(b) any person determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, 

after consultation with the Secretary of State: 

(i) to be owned or controlled by, directly or indirectly, the 

Government of Burma or an official or officials of the Government of Burma; 

(ii) to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, logistical, or technical support for, or 

goods or services in support of, the Government of Burma, 

the State Peace and Development Council of Burma, the 

Union Solidarity and Development Association of Burma, 

any successor entity to any of the foregoing, any senior official of any of the foregoing, or any person whose property 


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and interests in property are blocked pursuant to Executive Order 13310, Executive Order 13448, or this order; or 

(iii) to be owned or controlled by, or to have acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, any 

person whose property and interests in property are 

blocked pursuant to Executive Order 13310, Executive 

Order 13448, or this order. 

Sec. 2. (a) Any transaction by a United States person or within 

the United States that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading 

or avoiding, or attempts to violate any of the prohibitions set forth 

in this order is prohibited. 

(b) Any conspiracy formed to violate any of the prohibitions set 

forth in this order is prohibited. 

Sec. 3. For purposes of this order: 

(a) the term ‘‘person’’ means an individual or entity; 

(b) the term ‘‘entity’’ means a partnership, association, trust, 

joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization; 

(c) the term ‘‘United States person’’ means any United States 

citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the 

laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United 

States (including foreign branches), or any person in the 

United States; and 

(d) the term ‘‘Government of Burma’’ means the Government 

of Burma (sometimes referred to as Myanmar), its agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities, and the Central Bank 

of Burma. 

Sec. 4. I hereby determine that the making of donations of the 

type specified in section 203(b)(2) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(2)) 

by, to, or for the benefit of, persons whose property and interests 

in property are blocked pursuant to section 1 of this order would 

seriously impair my ability to deal with the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13047, relied upon for additional steps 

taken in Executive Order 13310, and expanded in Executive Order 

13448, and hereby prohibit such donations as provided by section 

1 of this order. 

Sec. 5. For those persons whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order who might have a constitutional presence in the United States, I find that because of the ability to transfer funds or other assets instantaneously, prior notice 

to such persons of measures to be taken pursuant to this order 

would render these measures ineffectual. I therefore determine 

that for these measures to be effective in addressing the national 

emergency declared in Executive Order 13047, relied upon for additional steps taken in Executive Order 13310, and expanded in Executive Order 13448, there need be no prior notice of a listing or 

determination made pursuant to section 1 of this order. 

Sec. 6. The Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the 

Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ 

all powers granted to the President by IEEPA and section 4 of the 

Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003 as may be necessary 

to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and 


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agencies of the United States Government consistent with applicable law. All agencies of the United States Government are hereby 

directed to take all appropriate measures within their authority to 

carry out the provisions of this order. 

Sec. 7. The Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the 

Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to determine, and to take 

necessary action to give effect to that determination, that circumstances no longer warrant the blocking of the property and interests in property of, or the prohibiting of transactions with, a person listed in the Annex to this order. 

Sec. 8. Nothing in this order is intended to affect the continued 

effectiveness of any rules, regulations, orders, licenses, or other 

forms of administrative action issued, taken, or continued in effect 

heretofore or hereafter under 31 C.F.R. chapter V, except as expressly terminated, modified, or suspended by or pursuant to this 

order. 

Sec. 9. This order is not intended to, and does not, create any 

right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in 

equity by any party against the United States, its departments, 

agencies, instrumentalities, or entities, its officers or employees, or 

any other person. 

Sec. 10. This order is effective at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight 

time on May 1, 2008. 

GEORGE W. BUSH. 

THE WHITE HOUSE, April 30, 2008. 

ANNEX

1. Myanmar Gem Enterprise (a.k.a. Myanma Gem Enterprise; 

MGE); Yangon, Burma 

2. Myanmar Timber Enterprise (a.k.a Myanma Timber Enterprise; 

MTE); Yangon, Burma 

3. Myanmar Pearl Enterprise (a.k.a. Myanma Pearl Enterprise; 

MPE); Naypyitaw, Burma 

Note: The bracketed identifying information with respect to each 

individual and entity listed in this Annex reflects information currently available and is provided solely to facilitate compliance with 

this order. Each individual listed in this Annex remains subject to 

the prohibitions of this order notwithstanding any change in title, 

position, or affiliation. 

Æ 


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