# Patent

## Title
Method for inhibiting growth of cancer cells and cell telomere and diseases of cell proliferation by using heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative compounds

## Abstract

A heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative compound is provided. The heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative compound is represented by a formula (I):




wherein R1 is a substituent being one selected from a group consisting of i) a first substituent being one selected from a group consisting of a hydryl group, an amino group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group and a cyan group, ii) a second substituent being one selected from a group consisting of (CH2)nX, a straight (CH2)n alkyl group, a (CH2)n alkoxyl group, a branched (CH2)n alkyl group, a C3 ̃C12 naphthenic group, and a C3 ̃C12 cyclic alkoxyl group, wherein 1≦n≦12, and X is a halogen, iii) a third substituent being one selected from a group consisting of a straight C1 ̃C8 alkyl group with a double-bond, a C1 ̃C8 alkoxyl group with a double-bond, a branched C1 ̃C8 alkyl group with a double-bond and a C3 ̃C8 naphthenic group with a double-bond, and iv) a fourth substituent of a C5 ̃C12 heterocyclic group.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/193,564 filed on Aug. 18, 2008, now abandoned which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives for inhibiting a proliferation activity of a cancer cell, and more particularly to a series of heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives and the synthesis method thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In normal somatic cells, the telomere, which is located at the end of a chromosome, gets shortened at each time of cell mitosis. When the telomere is shortened to some level, the cell will lose the ability of replication and go into apoptosis stage. Telomerase, which is a ribonucleoprotein, acts on the telomere in a eukaryocyte, so as to prolong or maintain the length of the telomere. A telomerase mainly includes two portions; one is a protein sub-unit with activity of reverse transcription, i.e. the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and the other one is an RNA template for synthesizing repeated sequences of the telomerase, i.e. the human telomerase RNA component (hTR), wherein the RNA template includes the single RNA sequence, -AAUCCC, which is complementary to the telomerase sequence. Telomerase activity is rarely detected in normal human somatic cells, but is usually detected in the cells that keep proliferating, such as hematopoietic cells, embryogenic cells, stem cells, etc. It is estimated that about 85-90% of human tumor cells have telomerase activity, and that is the reason why tumor cells do not go into apoptosis like a normal cell and can keep proliferating (Urquidi et al., Annu. Rev. Med. 2000, 51, 65-79). Reductions in hTERT mRNA expression level and telomerase activity are observed during the processes of cell going aged or immortalized (Bestilny et al., Cancer Res. 1996, 56, 3796-802). Furthermore, the telomerase activity of a somatic cell that should not express the telomerase activity could be reproduced by introduction of the hTERT cDNA thereinto for a high level expression of telomerase activity (Bodnar et al., Science. 1998, 279, 349-52).
The telomere at chromosome ends of eukaryotic cells is guanine-rich. In normal physiological conditions, the single strand DNA of the telomere spontaneously forms a G-quadruplex structure. The G-quadruplex structure includes two portions, wherein one is a small loop composed of TTA, and the other one is a guanine-tetrad composed of four guanines formed by cyclic hydrogen bonds. In order to inhibit the differentiation of tumor cells, an alternative besides the direct inhibition to telomerase activity is to stabilize the G-quadruplex structure for inhibiting its reaction with the complementary single strand RNA (AAUCCC), so as to prevent the telomerase from extending the telomere. Chromosome replications of tumor cells may be inhibited by the mentioned method, so as to achieve the anti-cancer effect directly or indirectly (Smogorzewska et al., Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2004, 73, 177-208).
It is observed in current studies that anthraquinone can stabilize the G-quadruplex structure for its formula with plane tri-cyclic structure. According to the researches to the quinoline derivatives (10H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline) with tetra-cyclic structure, berberin with non-plane polycyclic structure and the analogs synthesized therefrom, it is known that the aromatic groups of the mentioned compounds play an important role in the bonding to the G-quardruplex structure. Over-expressions of known oncogenes usually induce cancers and are associated with many cell proliferation disorders, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, esophagus cancer, myeloma, etc. In additions, those genes also participate in many pathological and physiological processes. Many experiments have proved that over-expressions of tumor suppressor genes play important role in the prevention and treatment of tumors. Therefore, the research and development of the drugs for curing cell proliferation disorders can be applied in the cure of human cancers, just like the disclosures of Canadian Patent No. 2,428,206.
Although it has been published that a heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative can be synthesized by an acylation reaction of 1,2-diaminoanthraquinone to obtain a bis-substituent derivative, followed by a consensation reaction. However, this method only discloses the substituent of aromatic groups, and has a poor production rate (Peng et al., J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 10524-31).
Based on the above, the present invention provides heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives and the synthesis method thereof, which is accomplished by preserving the chromophore group with plane tri-cyclic structure and the carbonyl groups at 9 and 10, which have better binding ability, then changing the tri-cyclic structure into tetra-cyclic structure and adding various side chains derived from different modified substituents, so as to synthesize a series of heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a series of heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives for inhibiting the proliferation activity of cancer cells, which facilitate the study and application regarding cancer cells.
In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, a heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative compound is provided. The compound is represented by a formula (I):




wherein R1 is a substituent being one selected from a group consisting of i) a first substituent being one selected from a group consisting of a hydryl group, a sulfur atom, an amino group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group and a cyan group, ii) a second substituent being one selected from a group consisting of (CH2)nX, a straight (CH2)n alkyl group, a (CH2)n alkoxyl group, a branched (CH2)n alkyl group, a C3 ̃C12 naphthenic group, a nitrophenyl group, and a C3 ̃C12 cyclic alkoxyl group, wherein 1≦n≦12, and X is a halogen, iii) a third substituent being one selected from a group consisting of a straight C1 ̃C8 alkyl group with a double-bond, a C1 ̃C8 alkoxyl group with a double-bond, a branched C1 ̃C8 alkyl group with a double-bond and a C3 ̃C8 naphthenic group with a double-bond, and iv) a fourth substituent of a C5 ̃C12 heterocyclic group, wherein one of the naphthenic group and the heterocyclic group further has at least one of an ortho-substitution, a meta-substitution and a para-substitution, and comprises at least a fifth substituent for any of the substitutions being one selected from a group consisting of an alkyl group with a C1 ̃C3 substituent branch, an amino group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group and a cyan group, a C1 ̃C5 alkyl group, a halogen substituted C1 ̃C5 alkyl group, a C1 ̃C5 alkoxyl group, a halogen substituted C1 ̃C5 alkoxyl group, a C1 ̃C5 cyclic alkoxyl group, and a halogen substituted C1 ̃C5 cyclic alkoxyl group.

Preferably, the halogen is one selected from a group consisting of a fluorine, a chlorine, a bromine and an iodine.
Preferably, the second substituent is one selected from a group consisting of a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a cycloheptyl group, an octyl group, an isooctyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a straight alkyl group with a branch substituted by a straight C1 ̃C5 alkyl group, a naphthenic group with a branch substituted by a straight C1 ̃C5 alkyl group, alkoxyl derivatives of the mentioned alkyl groups, a nitrophenyl group, and halogenated derivatives of the mentioned alkyl groups.
Preferably, the third substituent is one selected from a group consisting of a vinyl group, a propenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a pentenyl group, an isopentenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a hexenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a heptenyl group, an cycloheptenyl group, a straight alkyl group with a branch substituted by a straight C1-C3 alkyl group, a naphthenic group with a branch substituted by a straight C1 ̃C3 alkyl group, alkoxyl derivatives of the mentioned groups, and halogenated derivatives of the mentioned groups.
Preferably, the heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative compound is used as an effective component together with an excipient to provide a pharmaceutic composition for inhibiting one selected from a group consisting of a growth of a cancer cell, a disease of cell proliferation, and a growth of cell telomere.
In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, a heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative compound is provided. The compound is represented by a formula (II):




Preferably, the heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative compound is used as an effective component together with an excipient to provide a pharmaceutic composition for inhibiting one selected from a group consisting of a growth of a cancer cell, a disease of cell proliferation, and a growth of cell telomere.
In accordance with the third aspect of the present invention, a heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative compound is provided. The compound is represented by a formula (III):




wherein either one of R2 and R3 is one of i) a first substituent being one of a hydryl group and a sulfuryl-group, and ii) a second substituent being one selected from a group consisting of a C1 ̃C8 alkyl group, a C1 ̃C8 alkoxyl group, a C3 ̃C8 naphthenic group, and a C3 ̃C8 cyclic alkoxyl group, a straight alkyl group with a branch substitutent, a naphthenic group with a branch substitutent by a straight C1 ̃C5 alkyl group and halogenated derivatives of the mentioned substitent groups.

Preferably, the second substituent is one selected from a group consisting of a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a cycloheptyl group, an octyl group, an isooctyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a straight alkyl group with a branch substituted by a straight C1 ̃C3 alkyl group, a naphthenic group with a branch substituted by a straight C1 ̃C3 alkyl group, alkoxyl derivatives of the mentioned substituent groups, a nitrophenyl group, a sulfur atom, and halogenated derivatives of the mentioned substituent groups.
Preferably, the heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative is used as an effective component together with an excipient to provide a pharmaceutic composition for inhibiting one selected from a group consisting of a growth of a cancer cell, a disease of cell proliferation, and a growth of cell telomere.
In accordance with the fourth aspect of the present invention, a heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative compound is provided. The compound is represented by a formula (IV):




wherein R4 is one selected from a group consisting of a hydryl group, a C1 ̃C4 alkyl group, a C1 ̃C4 alkoxyl group, a C1 ̃C4 ketone group, a straight alkyl group with a branch substituted by a straight C1 ̃C3 alkyl group, a halogen substituted C1 ̃C4 alkyl group, and a C1 ̃C4 alkoxyl group.

Preferably, A compound as claimed in claim 12, being used as an effective component together with an excipient to provide a pharmaceutic composition for inhibiting one selected from a group consisting of a growth of a cancer cell, a disease of cell proliferation, and a growth of cell telomere.

In accordance with the fifth aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a compound having the formula (I) is provided. The method includes steps of a) dissolving a diaminoanthraquinone in a dimethylformamide solution for forming a solution A, b) adding and dissolving a chloroacetyl chloride in the solution A for forming a solution B, c) mixing and reacting the solution B by a reverse flow method, and then transferring the solution B into an icy water for forming a solution C, d) filtering the solution C for obtaining a precipitate, and e) washing the precipitate by using an ethanol for obtaining the compound of the formula (I).
In accordance with the sixth aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a compound having the formula (I) is provided. The method includes steps of a) dissolving a diaminoanthraquinone in a dimethylformamide solution for forming a solution A, b) adding and dissolving a reagent in the solution A for forming a solution B, wherein the reagent is one of a benzaldehyde and a carbon disulfide, c) catalyzing a reaction of the solution B by adding a concentrated sulfuric acid thereinto, and then transferring the solution B into an ice water for forming a solution C, d) filtering the solution C for obtaining a precipitate, and e) washing the precipitate by using an ethanol for obtaining the compound of the formula (I), wherein when the reagent is the carbon disulfide, a triethylamine is further added into the solution B before the step c).
In accordance with the seventh aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a compound having the formula (III) is provided. The method includes steps of a) dissolving a diaminoanthraquinone in an acetone for forming a solution A, b) adding a concentrated sulfuric acid into the solution A for forming a solution B, c) transferring the solution B into a potassium carbonate column for obtaining a solution C, and d) using a methanol to crystallize the compound of the formula (III) in the solution C.
Preferably, the step b) is performed in a room temperature.
In accordance with the eighth aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a compound having the formula (IV) is provided. The method includes steps of a) dissolving a diaminoanthraquinone in a dimethylformamide solution for forming a solution A, b) adding a glyoxal ethanol solution into the solution A for forming a solution B, c) reacting the solution B by a reverse flow reaction, d) filtering the solution B for obtaining a precipitate, and e) washing the precipitate by using a hot alcohol and a dichloromethane for separating out the compound of the formula (IV).
Alternatively, in some steps of the above-mentioned methods, the production rate will increase if the solvents used for dissolving the diaminoanthraquinone contain less water. In the purification steps for the products, alcohol could be used for crystallization; alternatively, hot alcohol could be used for washing the products. The products with high solubility could be dissolved in alcohol before crystallization. The products with low solubility need to be washed by hot alcohol to wash out initial material or impurities and by-products generated in the reaction. Compared with recrystallization, although parts of products would be lost in the washing steps, it would be easier to obtain the purified products.
The compound provided in the present invention could be supplied with excipients, carriers or diluent, such starch or binder like carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), so as to prepare granulated pill, tablet, or capsule. Alternatively, the compound could be dissolved in phosphate buffer for adjusting the pH thereof, so as to prepare injection. The compound could be supplied with penetration enhancer, so as to prepare absorbate by skin.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following descriptions.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention will now be described more specifically with the experiment results of the following embodiments. It is to be noted that the following descriptions of preferred embodiments of this invention are presented herein for the purposes of illustration and description only; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise form disclosed.
Concretely speaking, the method for manufacturing the heteroannelated anthraquinone derivative includes cyclization and condensation reactions.
Embodiment 1
2-Methyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 2
1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in 30 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and chloroacetyl chloride (0.5 mL, 6 mmol) is added thereinto. After ten hours of mixing and reacting by a reverse flow, the mixture is transferred into 200 mL of icy water. After filtering, the precipitate is collected and washed by hot alcohol, so as to obtain the black compound No. 2.
The compound No. 2 has the following characterstics: MW 262.0724 (C16H9N2O2); Rf: 0.79 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 1667 (CO); EI-MS m/z: 262 (M+, 100%); 1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 2.72 (3H, s, —CH3), 7.75-7.82 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), 7.93 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), 8.13 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H4), 8.19-8.23 (1H, m, Ar—H8,9), 11.01 (1H, br, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 23.89, 120.23, 121.22, 125.29, 126.19, 126.75, 127.19, 128.17, 128.87, 132.98, 134.18, 134.42, 148.22, 158.09, 182.43 (CO), 185.13 (CO).
Embodiment 2
2-Chloroacetyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-c]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 3




Except controlling the reacting temperature in 50-60° C., all steps are identical with the steps for manufacturing the compound No. 2, and the yellowish brown compound No. 3 can be obtained.
The compound No. 3 has the following characterstics: MW 296.0353 (C16H9N2O2Cl); Rf: 0.5 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 3359 (NH), 1660 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C16H10N2O2Cl+ [M+H]+: 297.0425. found: 297.0426; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 4.92 (2H, s, —CH2Cl), 7.80-7.83 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), 8.08 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), 8.24 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.26-8.35 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ11.21 (1H, br, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO) δ (ppm): 37.80, 119.35, 121.27, 125.95, 126.83, 127.40, 129.06, 132.35, 133.47, 133.64, 134.88, 135.10, 148.89, 156.93, 183.04 (CO), 183.83 (CO).
Embodiment 3
2-Ethyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 4




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (30 mL), and propionaldehyde (0.29 g, 5 mmol) is added thereinto. Concentrated sulfuric acid (0.1 mL) is added thereinto for catalyzation. After mixing and reacting at room temperature for one hour, the reacted mixture is transferred into 200 mL of icy water and is extracted by using dichloromethane. The extract is dried, and crystallized by using alcohol, so as to obtain the brown compound No. 4.
The compound No. 4 has the following characterstics: MW 276.0899 (C17H12N2O2); Rf: 0.75 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 1669 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C17H13N2O2+ [M+H]+: 277.0971. found: 277.0975 calcd for C17H12N2O2Na+ [M+Na]+: 299.0971. found: 299.0794; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.51 (3H, t, J=7.5 Hz, —CH3), 3.05 (2H, q, J=7.5 Hz, —CH2—), 7.73-7.81 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), 7.99 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.16 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.21-8.23 (1H, m, Ar—H9), δ8.27-8.31 (1H, m, Ar—H8), δ10.85 (1H, br, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 11.87, 22.89, 117.74, 121.50, 125.21, 126.47, 127.55, 128.21, 132.72, 133.24, 133.72, 133.99, 134.37, 148.90, 161.64, 182.81 (CO), 185.15 (CO).
Embodiment 4
2-Isopropyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-c]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 5




All steps for manufacturing the yellow compound No. 5 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 3, except that propionaldehyde is substituted by isobutyraldehyde (0.41 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 5 has the following characterstics: MW 290.1055 (C18H14N2O2); Rf: 0.7 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 3445 (NH), 1662 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C18H15N2O2+ [M+H]+: 291.1120. found: 291.1123; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ1.56 (6H, d, J=6.6 Hz, —CH3), δ3.40 (1H, sp, J=6.6 Hz, —CH—), δ7.78-7.85 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.11 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.23 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.25-8.36 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ10.88 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 21.15, 29.21, 117.66, 121.36, 125.21, 126.32, 127.42, 128.05, 132.49, 133.10, 133.61, 133.86, 134.24, 148.71, 165.35, 181.05 (CO), 182.73 (CO).
Embodiment 5
2-Butyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 6




All steps for manufacturing the brown compound No. 6 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 3, except that propionaldehyde is substituted by pentanal (0.45 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 6 has the following characterstics: MW 304.1212 (C19H16N2O2); Rf: 0.65 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 1669 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C19H17N2O2+ [M+H]+: 305.1276. found: 305.1282 calcd for C19H15N2O2− [M−H]−: 303.1131. found: 303.1135; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ1.00 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz, —CH3), δ1.50 (2H, sx, J=7.5 Hz, —CH2—), δ1.93 (2H, qt, J=7.8 Hz, —CH2—), δ3.04 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz, —CH2—), δ7.62-7.83 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.03 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.20, 1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.24-8.35 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ10.83 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 12.98, 21.78, 28.60, 29.27, 117.32, 121.07, 124.64, 125.98, 127.08, 127.83, 132.17, 132.84, 133.20, 133.61, 133.86, 148.25, 160.29, 182.31 (CO), 184.78 (CO).
Embodiment 6
2-sec-Butyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 7




All steps for manufacturing the yellow compound No. 7 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 3, except that propionaldehyde is substituted by methylbutyraldehyde (0.46 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 7 has the following characterstics: MW 304.1212 (C19H16N2O2); Rf: 0.57 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 1665 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C19H17N2O2+ [M+H]+: 305.1276. found: 305.1280 calcd for C19H15N2O2− [M−H]: 303.1131. found: 303.1137; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ1.00 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz, —CH3), δ1.52 (3H, d, J=6.9 Hz, —CH3), δ1.82-2.02 (2H, m, —CH2—), δ3.04 (1H, sx, J=7.2 Hz, —CH—), δ7.62-7.83 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.03 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.20 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.24-8.35 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ10.83 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 11.09, 18.09, 28.40, 35.71, 117.39, 121.07, 124.75, 125.95, 127.09, 127.84, 131.92, 132.83, 133.22, 133.59, 133.87, 148.06, 164.30, 182.31 (CO), 184.82 (CO).
Embodiment 7
2-tert-Butyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-c]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 8




All steps for manufacturing the yellow compound No. 8 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 3, except that propionaldehyde is substituted by trimethylacetaldehyde (0.46 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 8 has the following characterstics: MW 304.1212 (C19H16N2O2); Rf: 0.8 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) 3568 (NH), 1664 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C19H17N2O2+ [M+H]+: 305.1276. found: 305.1283 calcd for C19H15N2O2− [M−H]−: 303.1131. found: 303.1136; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ1.58 (9H, s, —C(CH3)3), δ7.77-7.84 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.08 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.21 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.25-8.28 (1H, m, Ar—H8), δ8.33-8.36 (1H, m, Ar—H9), δ10.83 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 29.24, 117.79, 121.47, 125.41, 126.39, 127.56, 128.17, 132.70, 133.23, 133.74, 133.96, 134.37, 148.73, 168.00, 182.77 (CO), 185.26 (CO).
Embodiment 8
2-Heptyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-c]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 9




All steps for manufacturing the brown compound No. 9 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 3, except that propionaldehyde is substituted by octanal (0.29 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 9 has the following characterstics: MW 346.1681 (C22H22N2O2); Rf: 0.85 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) 3447 (NH), 1664 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C22H23N2O2+ [M+H]+: 347.1754. found: 347.1752; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm): δ0.87-0.91 (3H, m, —CH3), δ1.26-1.35 (6H, m, δ1.56 (2H, sx, J=7.0 Hz, —CH2—), δ2.36 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz, —CH2—), δ2.71 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz, —CH2—), δ7.75-7.81 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.04 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.17 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.23-8.25 (1H, m, Ar—H8), δ8.31-8.33 (1H, m, Ar—H9), δ10.93 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 14.08, 22.63, 27.99, 28.79, 29.24, 29.46, 31.79, 117.49, 121.66, 125.28, 126.37, 127.54, 130.56, 133.27, 133.67, 134.06, 134.31, 137.37, 149.40, 158.89, 182.69 (CO), 185.25 (CO).
Embodiment 9
(E)-2-(But-1-enyl)-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-c]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 10




All steps for manufacturing the brown compound No. 10 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 3, except that propionaldehyde is substituted by trans-2-pentenal (0.46 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 10 has the following characterstics: MW 302.1055 (C19H15N2O2); Rf: 0.57 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 1664 (CO); EI-MS m/z: 302 (M+, 100%); 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ0.98 (3H, t, J=6.9 Hz, —CH3), δ1.94-1.98 (2H, m δ6.16-6.29 (1H, m, —CH—), δ6.51 (1H, d, J=18 Hz, —CH—), δ7.68 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ7.82-7.89 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.14 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.27-8.35 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ10.74 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 14.39, 27.40, 117.37, 120.03, 121.07, 124.75, 125.95, 127.09, 127.84, 131.92, 132.83, 133.22, 133.59, 133.87, 134.90, 135.37, 149.06, 182.73 (CO), 185.18 (CO).
Embodiment 10
2-Mercapto-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 23




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL), and triethylamine (3 mL) is further added thereinto after carbon disulfide (0.4 g, 5 mmol) is added thereinto. After mixing in room temperature and performing reverse flow for ten hours, the reacted mixture is transferred into 200 mL of icy water. After filtering, the precipitate is collected and washed by hot alcohol, so as to obtain reddle compound No. 23 with melting point of 407-409° C., and the production rate is 80%.
The compound No. 23 has the following characterstics: MW 280.0306 (C15H8N2O2S); Rf: 0.80 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) 3221 (NH), 3192 (NH), 1665 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C15H9N2O2S+ [M+H]+: 281.0379. found: 281.0389; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): δ7.54 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.02 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H4), δ7.91-7.94 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.18-8.22 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ12.73 (1H, s, —NH), δ13.29 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 113.89, 115.27, 122.41, 126.26, 126.76, 126.88, 130.95, 132.89, 133.06, 134.25, 134.47, 138.19, 172.89, 181.79 (CO), 182.46 (CO).
Embodiment 11
2-Phenyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 11




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in dimethylformamide (30 mL), and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.1 mL) is further added thereinto for catalyzation after benzaldehyde (0.6 mL, 5 mmol) is added thereinto. After mixing and reacting in room temperature for one hour, the reacted mixture is transferred into 200 mL of icy water. After filtering, the precipitate is collected and washed by hot alcohol, so as to obtain yellowish brown compound No. 11.
The compound No. 11 has the following characterstics: MW 324.0899 (C21H12N2O2); Rf: 0.55 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 3296 (NH), 1660 (CO); EI-MS m/z: 324 (M+, 100.00%), 325 (19%); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C21H13N2O2+ [M+H]+: 325.0971. found: 325.0973; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): δ 7.57 (3H, t, J=3 Hz, Ar′—H3,4,5), δ7.89 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.03 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.08 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.16 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ8.40 (2H, dd, J=6.3 Hz, Ar′—H2,6); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 119.62, 121.72, 125.06, 126.85, 127.42, 128.79, 128.86, 129.41, 129.50, 131.72, 133.72, 133.77, 134.92, 135.07, 149.26, 158.25, 183.06 (CO), 183.79 (CO).
Embodiment 12
2-(4-N,N-Dimethylamino)phenyl-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 12




All steps for manufacturing the deep brown compound No. 12 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 11, except that benzaldehyde is substituted by 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (0.77 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 12 has the following characterstics: MW 367.1321 (C23H17N3O2); Rf: 0.6 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 3404 (NH), 1659 (CO); EI-MS m/z: 366 (27%), 367 (M+, 100.00%), 368 (20%); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C23H18N3O2+ [M+H]+: 368.1393. found: 368.1393; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ3.09 (6H, s, —N(CH3)2), δ6.81 (2H, d, Ar—H), δ7.79-7.82 (3H, m, Ar—H), δ8.03-8.22 (3H, m, Ar—H), δ8.27-8.36 (2H, m, Ar—H), δ11.10 (1H, br, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 39.95, 111.65, 115.23, 117.13, 121.83, 124.24, 126.33, 127.37, 127.44, 128.27, 133.27, 133.45, 133.54, 134.12, 150.11, 152.10, 157.59, 182.47 (CO), 185.09 (CO).
Embodiment 13
2-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1(3)H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 13




All steps for manufacturing the deep brown compound No. 13 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 11, except that benzaldehyde is substituted by 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (0.78 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 13 has the following characterstics: MW 369.0750 (C21H11N3O4); Rf: 0.6 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) 3460 (NH), 1657 (CO), 1517, 1345 (NO2); EI-MS m/z: 249 (100%), 369 (M+, 35%); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C21H12N3O4+ [M+H]+: 370.0822. found: 370.0823; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): δ7.79-7.82 (3H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ7.14 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.23 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.23-8.32 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ8.39 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar′—H2,6), δ8.58 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar′—H3,5), δ10.15 (1H, br, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 117.81, 122.43, 123.62, 125.24, 125.88, 126.10, 127.92, 133.22, 133.36, 134.53, 143.08, 146.39, 146.77, 155.89, 172.18, 178.35, 179.40, 183.20 (CO), 185.56 (CO).
Embodiment 14
2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 14




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in dimethylformamide (30 mL), and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.1 mL) is further added thereinto for catalyzation after vanillin (0.77 g, 5 mmol) is added thereinto. After mixing and reacting in room temperature for one hour, the reacted mixture is transferred into 200 mL of icy water. After filtering, the precipitate is collected and washed by hot alcohol, so as to obtain brown compound No. 14.
The compound No. 14 has the following characterstics: MW 370.0954 (C22H14N2O4); Rf: 0.2 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) 3411 (OH), 3411 (NH), 1664 (CO); EI-MS m/z: 369 (57%), 370 (M+, 100%) HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C22H15N2O4+ [M+H]+: 370.1026, found: 370.1025; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): δ3.91 (3H, s, —OCH3), δ6.90 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar′—H5), δ7.81-7.88 (3H, m, Ar—H7,10, Ar′—H2), δ7.92-7.96 (3H, m, Ar—H4,5, Ar′—H6), δ7.99 (1H, s, —NH), δ8.11 (2H, td, J=Hz, Ar—H8,9), δ9.78 (1H, br, —OH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 56.57, 112.72, 116.37, 119.21, 119.65, 122.05, 122.95, 123.88, 126.81, 127.41, 128.42, 133.50, 133.64, 134.87, 135.09, 148.48, 150.87, 158.33, 182.85 (CO), 183.79 (CO).
Embodiment 15
2-p-Tolyl-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 15




All steps for manufacturing the twany compound No. 15 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 14, except that vanillin is substituted by p-tolualdehyde (0.7 ml, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 15 has the following characterstics: MW 338.1055 (C22H14N2O4); Rf: 0.65 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 3397 (NH), 1659 (CO); EI-MS m/z: 338 (M+, 100%), 339 (24%) HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C22H15N2O4+ [M+H]+: 339.1128. found: 339.1128; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ2.46 (3H, s, Ar′−CH3), δ7.37 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar′—H3,5), δ7.79 (2H, t, J=3.6 Hz, Ar—H7,10), δ8.03 (2H, d, J=7.8 Hz, Ar′—H2,6), δ8.08 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.21 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.24-8.34 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ11.21 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 21.58, 117.89, 121.96, 125.44, 125.75, 126.46, 127.00, 127.58, 128.43, 130.00, 133.20, 133.26, 133.72, 133.99, 134.38, 142.05, 149.50, 156.86, 182.60 (CO), 185.16 (CO).
Embodiment 16
2-(4-Bromophenyl)-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 16




All steps for manufacturing the red brown compound No. 16 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 14, except that vanillin is substituted by 4-bromobenzaldehyde (0.93 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 16 has the following characterstics: MW 402.0004 (C21H11N2O2Br); Rf: 0.4 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 3391 (NH), 1658 (CO); EI-MS m/z 402 (M+, 100%), 404 (97%), HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C21H12N2O2Br+ [M+H]+: 403.0085. found: 403.0073 calcd for C21H10N2O2Br− [M−H]−: 400.9939. found: 400.9923; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ7.72 (2H, d, J=8.7 Hz, Ar′—H3,5), δ7.80-7.83 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.06 (2H, d, J=8.7 Hz, Ar′—H2,6), δ8.13 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.25 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.27-8.36 (2H, m, δ11.29 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 122.18, 125.86, 126.11, 126.57, 127.64, 127.69, 128.50, 128.89, 132.61, 133.20, 133.35, 133.87, 134.01, 134.57, 149.40, 155.62, 182.63 (CO), 185.25 (CO).
Embodiment 17
2-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 17




All steps for manufacturing the yellowish brown compound No. 17 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 14, except that vanillin is substituted by 4-cyanobenzaldehyde (0.67 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 17 has the following characterstics: MW 349.0851 (C22H11N3O2); Rf: 0.65 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 3341 (NH), 2229 (CN), 1667 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C22H12N3O2+[M+H]+: 350.0924. found: 350.0925; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ7.80-7.85 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.06 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H3′,5′), δ8.18 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.27-8.32 (4H, m, Ar—H4,8,2′,6′) δ8.35-8.38 (1H, m, Ar—H9), δ11.46 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 114.71, 118.04, 118.52, 122.39, 126.39, 126.63, 127.57, 127.75, 129.45, 132.76, 133.04, 133.11, 133.34, 133.93, 133.99, 134.70, 149.17, 154.25, 182.56 (CO), 185.21 (CO).
Embodiment 18
2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 18




All steps for manufacturing the red brown compound No. 18 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 14, except that vanillin is substituted by 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (0.89 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 18 has the following characterstics: MW 384.1110 (C23H16N2O4); Rf: 0.4 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 3417 (NH), 1660 (C═O), 1226 (C—O); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C23H17N2O4+ [M+H]+: 385.1183. found: 385.1181; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ3.93 (3H, s, Ar2′—OCH3), δ4.21 (H, s, Ar2—OCH3), δ7.09 (2H, d, J=1.2 Hz, Ar—H3′,4′), δ7.79-7.82 (2H, m, Ar7,10), δ8.13 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.13 (1H, s, Ar—H6′), δ8.25 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.29-8.36 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ12.37 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 56.08, 56.69, 113.13, 113.36, 116.86, 118.14, 119.98, 121.92, 124.92, 126.46, 127.54, 129.92, 132.57, 133.43, 133.70, 134.06, 134.24, 135.39, 152.20, 154.23, 155.18, 182.82 (CO), 184.88 (CO).
Embodiment 19
2-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 19




All steps for manufacturing the red brown compound No. 19 are identical with the steps of Embodiment 14, except that vanillin is substituted by piperonal (0.77 g, 5 mmol).
The compound No. 19 has the following characterstics: MW 368.0797 (C22H12N2O4); Rf: 0.45 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) 3444 (NH), 1670 (C═O), 1257 (C—O), 1210 (C—O); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C22H13N2O4+ [M+H]+: 369.0867. found: 369.0887; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) δ6.11 (2H, s, —OCH2O—), δ7.00 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz, Ar—H5′—), δ7.67 (1H, s, Ar—H2′), δ7.79-7.82 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.13 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.24 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz, Ar—H6′), δ8.25 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.29-8.36 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9), δ11.18 (1H, s, —NH); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 101.93, 107.37, 108.96, 117.86, 121.83, 122.05, 122.78, 125.35, 126.52, 127.62, 128.40, 133.27, 133.43, 133.76, 134.08, 134.44, 148.71, 149.62, 150.56, 156.55, 182.66 (CO), 185.27 (CO).
Embodiment 20
Anthra[2,1-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-6,11-dione, No. 22




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in THF (30 mL), and triethylamine (3 mL) is further added thereinto for catalyzation after thionyl chloride (0.15 g, 20 mmol) is dripped thereinto. After mixing and reacting in room temperature for one hour, the reacted mixture is transferred into 200 mL of icy water. After filtering, the precipitate is collected and recrystallized by hot alcohol, so as to obtain yellow compound No. 22 with melting point of 227-228° C., and the production rate is 74%.
The compound No. 22 has the following characterstics: MW 266.0150 (C14H6N2O2S); Rf: 0.8 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) 1671 (CO); EI-MS m/z: 210 (57%), 238 (64%), 266 (M+, 100%), HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C14H7N2O2S+ [M+H]+: 267.0223. found: 267.0226; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ7.84 (1H, dd, J=12.15, 6.9 Hz, Ar—H7), δ7.85 (1H, dd, J=13.2, 7.5 Hz, Ar—H10), δ8.33 (1H, dd, J=22.5, 7.2 Hz, Ar—H8), δ8.33 (1H, dd, J=22.5, 7.2 Hz, Ar—H9), δ8.41 (1H, d, J=9.3 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.56 (1H, d, J=9.3 Hz, Ar—H4); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3)  (ppm): 125.07, 126.35, 126.99, 127.34, 127.61, 132.08, 133.47, 134.15, 134.75, 135.16, 150.93, 157.99, 181.97 (CO), 183.31 (CO).
Embodiment 21
2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 20




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in dry acetone (100 mL), and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.1 mL) is further added thereinto. After mixing and reacting in room temperature for 48 hours, the reacted mixture is transferred into a potassium carbonate column. The product is collected and recrystallized by methanol, so as to obtain the purple compound 20, and the production rate is 31%. In the purification steps of the Embodiment 21, regular extraction method will reduce the production rate, and thus the basic column is used to remove the acid in the rough extract, so as to increase the production rate.
The compound No. 20 has the following characterstics: Melting point: 235-237□, MW 278.1055 (C17H14N2O2); Rf: 0.5 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 3419 (NH), 3239 (NH), 1639 (CO); EI-MS m/z: 263 (100%), 278 (M+, 8.6%), HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C17H15N2O2+ [M+H]+: 279.1128. found: 279.1133; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): δ1.48 (6H, s, —CH3), δ6.26 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz, Ar—H4), δ7.37 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz, Ar—H5), δ7.73-7.76 (m, 2H, Ar—H7,10), δ8.05 (s, 1H, —NHC—), δ8.08-8.12 (m, 2H, Ar—H8,9), δ8.79 (s, 1H, —CNH—); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 30.18, 81.70, 104.02, 108.04, 120.99, 123.54, 126.32, 127.07, 133.41, 133.54, 134.79, 135.46, 143.05, 148.12, 179.89 (CO), 182.47 (CO).
Embodiment 22
2-Methyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, No. 21




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL), and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.1 mL) is further added thereinto after acetophenone (0.5 ml, 6 mmol) is added thereinto. After mixing and reacting in room temperature for 72 hours, the reacted mixture is transferred into icy water (200 mL) for precipitation. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized by hot alcohol, so as to obtain the black compound 21, and the production rate is 28%.
The compound No. 21 has the following characterstics: Melting point: 368-371□, MW 340.1212 (C22H16N2O2); Rf: 0.8 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) 3348 (NH), 1671 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C22H17N2O2+ [M+H]+: 341.1284. found: 341.1033; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): δ1.22 (3H, s, —CH3), δ7.56-7.62 (3H, m, δ7.90-7.94 (2H, m, Ar—H7,10), δ8.08 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.22 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.18-8.22 (2H, m, Ar′—H3,5), δ8.40-8.42 (2H, m, Ar—H8,9); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO) δ (ppm): 28.79, 83.56, 103.62, 109.74, 119.13, 121.35, 124.03, 126.20, 1267.76, 128.32, 128.77, 131.31, 132.99, 134.30, 134.45, 143.05, 157.25, 182.60 (CO), 182.89 (CO).
Embodiment 23
2,3-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-f]quinoxaline-7,12-dione, No. 24




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL), and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.1 mL) is further added thereinto after methyl vinyl ketone (0.36 g, 5 mmol) is added thereinto. After mixing and reacting in room temperature for 72 hours, the reacted mixture is transferred into icy water (200 mL) for precipitation. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized by hot alcohol, so as to obtain the black compound 24, and the production rate is 25%.
The compound No. 24 has the following characterstics: Melting point>400□, MW 288.0899 (C18H12N2O2); Rf: 0.6 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 1671 (CO); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C18H13N2O2+ [M+H]+: 289.0988. found: 289.0970; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): δ2.72 (3H, s, —CH3), δ2.88 (3H, s, —CH3), δ7.91-7.94 (2H, m, Ar—H8,11), δ8.07 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.16 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, Ar—H4), δ8.19-8.21 (2H, m, Ar—H9,10); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 14.91, 30.74, 120.19, 125.46, 126.21, 126.26, 127.16, 128.18, 128.87, 133.01, 133.10, 134.19, 134.27, 134.42, 158.87, 162.28, 182.49 (CO), 183.37 (CO).
Embodiment 24
Naphthol-[2,3-f]quinoxaline-7,12-dione, No. 25




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL), and 40% glyoxal (0.8 g, 5 mml) in EtOH (50 mL) is added thereinto. After reverse flow for 16 hours, the water is evaporated out, and the reacted mixture is transferred into icy water (200 mL) for precipitation. The precipitate is collected and washed by hot alcohol and dichloromethane repeatedly, so as to obtain the black compound 25, and the production rate is 23%.
The compound No. 25 has the following characterstics: Melting point: 270-272□, MW 260.0586 (C16H8N2O2); Rf: 0.45 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) 3413 (NH), 3365 (NH), 1626 (CO); EI-MS m/z: 150 (54%), 238 (73%), 260 (M+, 100%); HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C16H9N2O2+ [M+H]+: 261.0659. found: 261.0663; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): δ7.82-7.87 (2H, m, Ar—H8,11), δ8.29-8.36 (2H, m, Ar—H9,10), δ8.48 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz, Ar—H5), δ8.72 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz, Ar—H6), δ8.99 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz, —N═CH—), δ9.25 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz, —CH═N—); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 126.72, 127.05, 127.46, 130.05, 131.98, 133.77, 134.76, 135.18, 135.88, 135.93, 136.03, 145.42, 146.40, 147.77, 183.21 (CO), 183.61 (CO).
Embodiment 25
Naphtho[2,3-f]quinoxaline-2,3,7,12 (1H,4H)-tetraone, No. 26




1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone (1.19 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL), and oxalic acid (0.46 g, 5 mmol) and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.1 mL) is added thereinto. After reverse flow for 16 hours, the reacted mixture is transferred into icy water (200 mL) for precipitation. The precipitate is collected and washed by hot alcohol and, so as to obtain the black compound 26, and the production rate is 30%.
The compound No. 25 has the following characterstics: Melting point: 245-246□, MW 292.0484 (C16H8N2O4); Rf: 0.25 (ethyl acetate:dichloromethane=1:4); IR (KBr) cm−1: 1710 (CO), 1671 (CONH); EI-MS m/z: 248 (100%), 292 (M+) HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z: calcd for C16H9N2O4+ [M+H]+: 293.0557. found: 293.0568; 1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): δ7.71 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, Ar—H5), δ7.93-7.98 (2H, m, Ar—H8,11), δ8.04 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, Ar—H6), δ8.17-8.24 (2H, m, Ar—H9,10), δ8.99 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz, —NH—), δ9.25 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz, —NH—); and 13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm); 118.08, 120.52, 122.87, 126.26, 126.34, 126.78, 127.71, 128.17, 129.58, 134.48, 134.55, 135.07, 154.64 (NHCO), 154.73 (NHCO), 180.08 (CO), 181.07 (CO).
The chemical formula, production rates and melting points of the above-mentioned heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives of series A are illustrated in Table 1, and the chemical formula, production rates and melting points of the above-mentioned heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives of series B, C and D are described in the embodiments, respectively.







TABLE 1













 










Compound 

Melting point
Production


No.
R1
(□)
Rate (%)













2
—CH3
>400
67


3
—CH2Cl
272-273
86


4
—CH2CH3
193-194
39


5
—CH(CH3)2
199-200
41


6
—(CH2)3CH3
192-193
36


7
—CH(CH3)CH2CH3
118-119
40


8
—CH(CH3)3
209-210
37


9
—(CH2)6CH3
85-87
38


10
—CH═CHCH2CH3
117-119
33


11
—C6H5
232-233
74


12
—C6H4-p-N (CH3)2
239-241
79


13
—C6H4-p-NO2
342-343
89


14
—C6H3-p-OH-m-OCH3
230-231
47


15
—C6H4-p-CH3
256-257
76


16
—C6H4-p-Br
302-303
75


17
—C6H4-p-CN
353-354
77


18
—C6H3-o,m-(OCH3)2
251-252
74


19
3,4-benzdioxole
300-301
81









Telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) is employed to detect the effect of the heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives synthesized in the present invention for inhibiting the telomerase activity. In the first stage of this method, the telemerase is used to prolong the oligonucleotide with telomere sequence in the conditions of 90° C. for 10 minutes, 72° C. for 3 minutes, 50° C. for 60 seconds and 94° C. for 30 seconds (TSG4 primer: 5′-GGG ATT GGG ATT GGG ATT GGG TT-3′) In the second stage, different compounds are added into the telomerase reacted product to further replicate the telomere product by PCR (CX primer: 5′-CCCTTA CCCTTA CCCTTA CCCTAA-3′). When the compound inhibits the telomerase activity, the replication reaction can not be resumed. The PCR conditions includes 39 cycles of PCR reaction in 50° C. for 30 seconds, 72° C. for 60 seconds for 39 PCR cycles, followed by one cycle of reaction in 94° C. for 30 seconds, 50° C. for 30 seconds, 72° C. for 30 seconds and 72° C. for 1 minute, and the reaction is ended in 4° C. The PCR product is analyzed by electrophoresis using 10% acrylamide gel. In the electrophoresis results, the positive control (P) is sterile water (dddH2O), and the negative control (N) is 5 μl 0.1 mg/mL RNase A (CLONTECH). The positive control (P) produces lots of telomere fragment, while the negative control (N) does not. The compounds provided by the present invention inhibit the telomerase activity by stabilizing G-quadruplex structures and blocking the interaction between telomerase and telomere, or directly inhibit the telomerase activity, so as to inhibit the prolongation of telomere. It is found in the present experiments that the Embodiments A4 and A5 have better inhibition effects.
In addition, it is found in the in vitro experiments performed by the development therapeutics program of US cancer research center that the heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives synthesized in the present invention have various inhibition effects on different cancer cell lines at 1.0×10−5 molal concentration (M) as shown in Table 2. For example, the Embodiment A2 of the present invention inhibits the growth of breast cancer cell HS578T, and the Embodiment B1 has overall and the most obvious inhibition on different cancer cells. Therefore, the heteroannelated anthraquinone derivatives synthesized in the present invention are potential drugs for inhibiting cancer cells.













TABLE 2







No. 22
No. 4
No. 20
No. 25
No. 26





















Non-small cell lung







cancer cell


HOP-62
−100.00
97.73
XXX
XXX
XXX


HOP-92
XXX
41.43
5.10
XXX
−15.08


Colorectal cancer cell


HCC-2998
−50.00
67.67
136.96
−7.15
77.59


Breast cancer cell


HS 578T
−7.40
−18.58
XXX
XXX
XXX


MCF7
−50.74
69.82
83.58
39.68
85.17


MDA-MB-435
−87.88
84.39
124.56
102.03
144.42


MDA-MB-468
−73.17
XXX
77.25
75.28
38.35


T-47D
−45.52
63.05
82.96
85.19
87.10


Ovary cancer cell


IGROV1
−88.34
XXX
−2.80
3.44
13.36


OVCAR-4
−94.43
48.81
80.14
94.22
103.31


Blood cancer cell


MOLT-4
−40.09
64.17
116.41
22.91
121.52


Kidney cancer cell


ACHN
−94.31
24.97
50.17
46.52
81.33


SN12C
−73.27
68.53
91.98
64.65
94.07


UO-31
−79.30
23.94
30.65
51.45
61.43


Skin cancer cell


LOX IMV1
−50.6
39.98
61.88
44.18
96.94


MALME-3M
−71.54
56.94
155.47
180.88
149.83


SK-MEL-2
−73.16
40.07
8.04
6.66
21.96


UACC-257
−83.07
39.69
118.22
91.06
118.21


UACC-62
−82.32
51.35
67.58
90.47
95.25


CNS cancer cell


SF-539
−47.11
83.16
93.56
40.72
101.16


U251
−89.26
60.13
87.84
63.47
95.92


Mean
2.68
58.42
80.41
69.36
100.83


Delta
102.68
77.00
83.21
76.51
115.91


Range
230.09
120.88
158.27
188.03
289.23





XXX: not detected






The detailed in-vitro testing results of dose response of the Compound No. 22 obtained from National Cancer Institute Developmental Therapeutics Program are shown in Tables 3-1 to 3-9.




The detailed in-vitro testing results of dose response of the Compound No. 4 obtained from National Cancer Institute Developmental Therapeutics Program are shown in Tables 4-1 to 4-9.




The detailed in-vitro testing results of dose response of the Compound No. 25 obtained from National Cancer Institute Developmental Therapeutics Program are shown in Tables 5-1 to 5-9.














TABLE 3-1









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Leukemia






















CCRF-CEM
0.445
1.624
1.589
1.503
1.323
0.472
0.470
97
90
74
2
2
2.18E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


HL-60(TB)
0.744
2.175
2.214
2.209
2.079
0.461
0.421
103
102
93
−38
−43
2.14E−6
5.13E−6
>1.00E−4


K-562
0.180
1.220
1.232
1.174
1.038
0.375
0.165
101
96
83
19
−8
3.23E−6
4.92E−5
>1.00E−4


MOLT-4
0.455
1.447
1.444
1.462
1.199
0.274
0.280
97
99
73
−40
−38
1.59E−6
4.43E−6
>1.00E−4


RPMI-S226
0.654
1.899
1.899
1.820
1.418
0.653
0.523
100
94
61
.
−20
1.53E−6
9.91E−6
>1.00E−4


SR
0.167
0.676
0.718
0.738
0.669
0.374
0.278
108
112
99
41
−22
6.89E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4



















TABLE 3-2









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer






















A549/ATCC
0.110
0.550
0.566
0.518
0.513
0.081
0.091
104
93
92
−27
−18
2.25E−6
5.94E−6
>1.00E−4


EKVX
0.652
1.960
1.914
1.813
1.745
0.554
0.251
96
89
84
−15
−62
2.19E−6
7.03E−6
 5.65E−5


HOP-62
0.342
1.187
1.242
1.242
1.243
0.380
0.175
107
107
107
4
−49
3.59E−6
1.21E−5
>1.00E−4


HOP-92
0.770
1.201
1.179
1.150
1.174
0.765
0.560
95
88
94
−1
−27
2.91E−6
9.84E−6
>1.00E−4


NCI-H226
1.003
1.740
1.718
1.701
1.556
1.467
0.956
97
95
75
63
−5
1.56E−5
8.53E−5
>1.00E−4


NCI-H23
0.418
1.199
1.209
1.125
0.775
0.265
0.271
101
91
46
−37
−35
8.02E−7
3.59E−6
>1.00E−4


NCI-H322M
0.347
0.840
0.856
0.922
0.940
0.890
0.555
103
116
120
110
42
7.64E−5
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


NCI-H460
0.245
1.818
1.818
1.767
1.614
0.116
0.104
100
97
87
−53
−58
1.84E−6
4.19E−6
 9.54E−6


NCI-H522
0.541
2.032
2.079
2.073
1.887
0.634
0.441
103
103
90
6
−18
3.01E−6
1.78E−5
>1.00E−4



















TABLE 3-3









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Colon Cancer






















COLO 205
0.199
0.969
0.927
0.872
0.957
0.069
0.057
95
87
98
−66
−71
1.97E−6
3.98E−6
8.04E−6


HCC-2998
0.268
0.572
0.599
0.581
0.588
0.098
0.081
109
103
105
−63
−70
2.12E−6
4.20E−6
8.32E−6


HCT-116
0.138
0.938
0.927
0.912
0.863
0.145
0.095
99
97
91
1
−31
2.84E−6
1.06E−5
>1.00E−4 


HCT-15
0.285
1.440
1.554
1.485
1.323
0.254
0.138
110
104
90
−11
−52
2.49E−6
7.80E−6
9.06E−5


HT29
0.231
1.387
1.432
1.444
1.403
0.195
0.108
104
105
101
−16
−53
2.75E−6
7.36E−6
8.10E−5


KM12
0.217
0.841
0.884
0.889
0.861
0.567
0.103
107
108
103
56
−53
1.14E−5
3.28E−5
9.48E−5


SW-620
0.175
1.174
1.231
1.201
1.240
0.633
0.056
106
103
107
46
−68
8.55E−6
2.52E−5
6.92E−5



















TABLE 3-4









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










CNS Cancer






















SF-268
0.357
0.951
0.959
0.938
0.893
0.459
0.193
101
98
90
17
−46
3.55E−6
1.87E−5
>1.00E−4 


SF-295
0.415
1.524
1.550
1.579
1.527
0.404
0.202
102
105
100
−3
−51
3.08E−6
9.40E−6
9.39E−5


SF-539
0.574
1.690
1.578
1.517
1.499
0.006
0.012
90
84
83
−99
−98
1.52E−6
2.86E−6
5.38E−6


SNB-19
0.464
1.328
1.349
1.339
1.330
0.067
0.008
102
101
100
−86
−98
1.86E−6
3.46E−6
6.43E−6


SNB-75
0.640
1.050
0.950
0.911
0.957
−0.004
−0.009
76
66
77
−100
−100
1.42E−6
2.73E−6
5.22E−6


U251
0.220
1.137
1.194
1.177
0.939
0.086
0.082
106
104
78
−61
−63
1.60E−6
3.65E−6
8.32E−6



















TABLE 3-5









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Melanoma






















LOX IMVI
0.363
2.033
2.046
2.006
1.219
0.212
0.244
101
98
51
−42
−33
1.03E−6
3.56E−6
>1.00E−4 


MALME-3M
0.229
0.481
0.487
0.520
0.512
0.107
0.065
102
115
112
−53
−72
2.37E−6
4.76E−6
9.55E−6


M14
0.339
1.395
1.398
1.394
1.411
0.232
0.199
100
100
102
−32
−41
2.44E−6
5.78E−6
>1.00E−4 


SK-MEL-2
0.284
0.761
0.810
0.806
0.731
0.221
0.194
110
109
94
−22
−32
2.38E−6
6.42E−6
>1.00E−4 


SK-MEL-28
0.300
1.110
1.135
1.161
1.165
0.703
0.023
103
106
107
50
−93
9.88E−6
2.24E−5
5.03E−5


SK-MEL-5
0.540
2.145
2.107
1.896
1.477
−0.009
−0.002
98
85
58
−100
−100
1.13E−6
2.34E−6
4.83E−6


UACC-257
0.493
0.980
0.962
0.986
0.870
0.083
0.047
96
101
77
−83
−91
1.48E−6
3.03E−6
6.21E−6


UACC-62
0.431
1.918
1.751
1.787
1.798
0.331
0.214
89
91
92
−23
−50
2.31E−6
6.29E−6
9.62E−6



















TABLE 3-6









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Ovarian Cancer






















OVCAR-3
0.305
0.775
0.852
0.821
0.710
0.216
0.075
116
110
86
−29
−75
2.06E−6
5.59E−6
2.82E−5


OVCAR-4
0.363
0.880
0.916
0.850
0.531
−0.015
−0.014
107
94
32
−100
−100
5.20E−7
1.76E−6
4.19E−6


OVCAR-5
0.446
0.930
0.924
0.903
0.953
0.192
0.187
99
94
105
−57
−58
2.18E−6
4.44E−6
9.06E−6


OVCAR-8
0.299
1.154
1.200
1.171
0.695
0.169
0.185
105
102
46
−43
−38
8.59E−7
3.28E−6
>1.00E−4 


SK-OV-3
0.530
1.224
1.239
1.154
1.150
0.414
0.015
102
90
89
−22
−97
2.26E−6
6.35E−6
2.36E−5



















TABLE 3-7









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Renal Cancer






















786-0
0.450
1.828
1.894
1.916
2.049
0.517
0.130
105
106
116
5
−71
3.93E−6
1.16E−5
 5.27E−5


A498
0.605
1.481
1.527
1.518
1.449
1.479
1.340
105
104
96
100
84
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


ACHN
0.355
1.317
1.389
1.452
1.220
0.063
0.218
107
114
90
−82
−39
1.71E−6
3.33E−6
.


CAKI-1
0.294
0.870
0.813
0.844
0.798
0.226
0.099
90
95
88
−23
−66
2.18E−6
6.16E−6
 4.15E−5


SN12C
0.304
1.076
1.007
1.097
0.948
0.284
0.199
91
103
83
−7
−35
2.35E−6
8.42E−6
>1.00E−4


TK-10
0.362
0.792
0.865
0.935
0.983
0.868
0.337
117
133
144
118
−7
3.49E−5
8.80E−5
>1.00E−4


UO-31
0.147
0.498
0.539
0.562
0.499
0.041
0.050
111
118
100
−72
−66
1.95E−6
3.81E−6
 7.41E−6



















TABLE 3-8









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Prostate Cancer






















PC-3
0.372
1.158
1.128
1.096
1.050
0.459
0.402
96
92
86
11
4
3.03E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


DU-145
0.230
0.704
0.750
0.772
0.752
0.425
−0.002
110
114
110
41
−100
7.41E−6
 1.95E−5
 4.42E−5



















TABLE 3-9









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Breast Cancer






















MCF7
0.282
1.325
1.202
1.081
0.929
0.101
0.104
88
77
62
−64
−63
1.24E−6
3.10E−6
7.72E−6


NCI/ADR-RES
0.436
1.282
1.343
1.296
0.608
0.395
0.363
107
102
20
−10
−17
4.32E−7
4.80E−6
>1.00E−4 


MDA-MB-231/ATCC
0.478
1.197
1.226
1.100
1.063
0.510
0.525
104
87
81
4
6
2.56E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4 


HS 578T
0.413
1.287
1.362
1.410
1.289
0.663
0.595
109
114
100
29
21
5.03E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4 


MDA-MB-435
0.280
1.351
1.350
1.373
1.160
0.190
0.137
100
102
82
−32
−51
1.91E−6
5.23E−6
8.78E−5


BT-549
0.254
0.524
0.503
0.529
0.594
0.426
0.122
92
102
126
64
−52
1.31E−5
3.55E−5
9.62E−5


T-47D
0.377
0.816
0.775
0.763
0.473
0.156
0.150
91
88
22
−59
−60
3.75E−7
1.87E−6
7.79E−6


MDA-MB-468
2.275
3.124
3.096
3.134
3.152
0.022
0.031
97
101
103
−99
−99
1.83E−6
3.24E−6
5.72E−6



















TABLE 4-1









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Leukemia






















CCRF-CEM
0.321
1.468
1.505
1.400
1.407
0.910
0.488
103
94
95
51
15
1.09E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


HL-60(TB)
0.691
1.628
1.626
1.630
1.639
1.092
0.873
100
100
101
43
19
7.53E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


K-562
0.269
1.578
1.498
1.469
1.412
1.097
0.903
94
92
87
63
48
7.83E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


MOLT-4
0.734
2.108
2.076
2.057
2.015
1.402
0.726
98
96
93
49
−1
9.31E−6
 9.51E−5
>1.00E−4


RPMI-8226
0.443
1.284
1.259
1.121
1.060
0.547
0.390
97
81
73
12
−12
2.42E−6
 3.21E−5
>1.00E−4



















TABLE 4-2









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer






















A549/ATCC
0.193
0.895
0.832
0.892
0.876
0.614
0.315
91
100
97
60
17
1.71E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


EKVX
0.897
1.986
1.856
1.792
1.540
1.059
0.894
88
82
59
15
.
1.60E−6
 9.43E−5
>1.00E−4


HOP-62
0.474
1.375
1.283
1.318
1.254
1.127
0.814
90
94
87
72
38
4.42E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


HOP-92
0.892
1.397
1.360
1.297
1.214
1.134
1.010
93
80
64
48
23
7.38E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


NCI-H226
0.817
1.747
1.612
1.642
1.608
1.404
1.022
85
89
85
63
22
2.08E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


NCI-H23
0.485
1.638
1.547
1.500
1.333
1.051
0.732
92
88
74
49
21
9.17E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


NCI-H322M
0.721
1.844
1.757
1.746
1.643
1.177
0.976
92
91
82
41
23
5.94E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


NCI-H460
0.233
1.933
1.666
1.630
1.494
0.651
0.266
84
82
74
25
2
3.07E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


NCI-H522
0.713
2.605
2.403
2.370
2.360
1.735
1.328
89
88
87
54
32
1.54E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4



















TABLE 4-3









Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Colon Cancer






















COLO 205
0.213
1.012
0.960
0.958
0.891
0.544
0.284
93
93
85
41
9
6.36E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


HCC-2998
0.660
2.134
1.963
2.044
1.983
1.527
0.988
88
94
90
59
22
1.74E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


HCT-116
0.248
2.129
1.969
2.043
1.716
1.044
0.450
92
95
78
42
11
6.10E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


HCT-15
0.248
1.514
1.391
1.422
1.121
0.588
0.348
90
93
69
27
8
2.82E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


HT29
0.151
0.999
0.951
0.998
0.893
0.557
0.241
94
100
88
48
11
8.84E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


KM12
0.268
1.092
1.072
1.040
1.003
0.625
0.373
98
94
89
43
13
7.15E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SW-620
0.150
0.998
0.991
0.968
0.902
0.480
0.202
99
96
89
39
6
5.97E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 4-4








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










CNS Cancer






















SF-268
0.319
1.084
0.986
1.053
0.990
0.758
0.530
87
96
88
57
28
1.77E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SF-295
0.695
1.929
1.785
1.806
1.549
1.127
0.812
88
90
69
35
9
3.65E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SF-539
0.639
1.878
1.642
1.666
1.631
1.204
0.798
81
83
80
46
13
7.46E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SNB-19
0.656
1.341
1.229
1.299
1.289
1.073
0.921
84
94
92
61
39
3.09E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SNB-75
0.661
1.282
1.068
1.070
0.965
0.916
0.770
66
66
49
41
17
8.72E−7
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


U251
0.280
1.443
1.369
1.393
1.260
0.854
0.597
94
96
84
49
27
9.58E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 4-5








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Melanoma






















LOX IMVI
0.316
2.231
2.245
2.058
1.903
0.956
0.508
101
91
83
33
10
4.61E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


MALME-3M
0.694
1.247
1.174
1.161
1.153
0.835
0.683
87
84
83
26
−2
3.75E−6
 8.69E−5
>1.00E−4


M14
0.435
1.796
1.627
1.731
1.500
1.119
0.776
88
95
78
50
25
1.02E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SK-MEL-28
0.239
0.861
0.794
0.762
0.730
0.537
0.211
89
84
79
48
−12
8.58E−6
 6.36E−5
>1.00E−4


SK-MEL-5
0.639
2.089
1.284
1.249
1.501
0.607
0.515
44
42
59
−5
−19
.
 8.36E−6
>1.00E−4


UACC-257
0.437
0.825
0.763
0.761
0.808
0.694
0.506
84
84
96
66
18
2.16E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


UACC-62
0.639
2.092
1.844
1.978
1.874
1.231
1.015
83
92
85
41
26
6.18E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 4-6








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Ovarian Cancer






















IGROV1
0.518
1.681
1.555
1.537
1.174
0.583
0.421
89
88
56
6
−19
1.34E−6
 1.69E−5
>1.00E−4


OVCAR-3
0.283
0.746
0.745
0.773
0.713
0.549
0.319
100
106
93
57
8
1.41E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


OVCAR-4
0.565
1.740
1.719
1.694
1.535
0.999
0.745
98
96
83
37
15
5.18E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


OVCAR-5
0.395
0.931
0.865
0.884
0.900
0.852
0.637
88
91
94
85
45
7.57E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


OVCAR-8
0.228
0.904
0.881
0.841
0.847
0.623
0.393
96
91
92
58
24
1.77E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SK-OV-3
0.566
1.432
1.392
1.359
1.223
0.673
0.687
95
92
76
12
14
2.55E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 4-7








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Renal Cancer






















786-0
0.664
2.228
2.288
2.259
2.143
1.725
1.264
104
102
95
68
38
4.02E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


A498
0.564
1.224
1.202
1.221
1.065
0.793
0.453
94
97
74
34
−20
3.89E−6
 4.27E−5
>1.00E−4


ACHN
0.385
1.455
1.393
1.299
1.047
0.537
0.366
94
85
62
14
−5
1.77E−6
 5.46E−5
>1.00E−4


CAKI-1
0.547
1.711
1.680
1.610
1.430
0.780
0.654
97
91
76
20
9
2.90E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SN12C
0.617
1.996
1.639
1.719
1.640
1.247
0.872
74
80
74
46
18
7.05E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


TK-10
0.612
1.245
1.212
1.327
1.088
0.856
0.633
95
113
75
39
3
4.88E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


UO-31
0.517
1.634
1.496
1.444
1.268
0.680
0.518
88
83
67
15
.
2.12E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 4-8








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Prostate Cancer






















PC-3
0.306
1.233
1.197
1.233
1.170
0.807
0.572
96
100
93
54
29
1.44E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


DU-145
0.226
0.724
0.713
0.713
0.666
0.411
0.344
98
98
88
37
24
5.62E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 4-9








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Breast Cancer






















MCF7
0.249
1.082
0.960
0.880
0.697
0.556
0.240
85
76
54
37
−4
1.68E−6
 8.14E−5
>1.00E−4


NCI/ADR-RES
0.461
1.540
1.483
1.524
1.421
1.010
0.530
95
99
89
51
6
1.05E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


MDA-MB-231/ATCC
0.453
1.133
1.121
1.097
1.063
0.820
0.700
98
95
90
54
36
1.66E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


HS 578T
0.296
0.704
0.734
0.736
0.526
0.393
0.202
107
108
56
24
−32
1.56E−6
 2.67E−5
>1.00E−4


MDA-MB-435
0.515
1.859
1.815
1.744
1.748
1.404
1.019
97
91
92
66
37
3.65E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


BT-549
1.015
2.001
2.009
2.006
1.951
1.606
1.166
101
100
95
60
15
1.67E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


T-47D
0.415
0.852
0.876
0.824
0.755
0.554
0.459
105
94
78
32
10
4.00E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


MDA-MB-468
0.494
1.038
0.944
0.977
0.923
0.654
0.458
83
89
79
29
−7
3.83E−6
 6.33E−5
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 5-1








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Leukemia






















CCRF-CEM
0.230
0.806
0.751
0.755
0.622
0.358
0.344
90
91
68
22
20
2.46E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


HL-60(TB)
0.336
0.640
0.587
0.540
0.478
0.347
0.153
83
67
47
3
−54
6.77E−7
 1.15E−5
 8.37E−5


K-562
0.086
0.900
0.851
0.422
0.332
0.225
0.166
94
41
30
17
10
6.83E−8
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


MOLT-4
0.273
1.048
0.959
0.900
0.830
0.529
0.302
89
81
72
33
4
3.65E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


RPMI-8226
0.429
1.331
1.245
1.161
0.926
0.702
0.535
90
81
55
30
12
1.61E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 5-2








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer






















A549/ATCC
0.551
1.857
1.771
1.792
1.552
1.022
0.594
93
95
77
36
3
4.53E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


EKVX
0.439
1.025
1.032
0.960
0.904
0.584
0.421
101
89
79
25
−4
3.45E−6
7.21E−5
>1.00E−4


HOP-62
0.233
0.934
0.879
0.811
0.799
0.512
0.255
92
82
81
40
3
5.64E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


HOP-92
0.785
1.360
1.334
1.260
1.231
1.206
0.829
95
83
78
73
8
2.25E−5
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


NCI-H226
0.780
1.765
1.631
1.577
1.497
1.415
0.769
86
81
73
64
−1
1.66E−5
9.52E−5
>1.00E−4


NCI-H23
0.452
1.356
1.281
1.242
1.213
0.950
0.407
92
87
84
55
−10
1.20E−5
7.03E−5
>1.00E−4


NCI-H322M
0.310
0.751
0.736
0.709
0.722
0.592
0.307
96
90
93
64
−1
1.63E−5
9.61E−5
>1.00E−4


NCI-H460
0.229
1.901
1.869
1.815
1.309
0.507
0.179
98
95
65
17
−22
2.01E−6
2.69E−5
>1.00E−4


NCI-H522
0.336
1.040
0.966
0.942
0.906
0.579
0.226
89
86
81
35
−33
4.64E−6
3.25E−5
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 5-3








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Colon Cancer






















COLO 205
0.211
0.782
0.739
0.704
0.634
0.376
0.138
92
86
74
29
−35
3.40E−6
2.84E−5
>1.00E−4


HCC-2998
0.326
1.161
1.135
1.113
0.759
0.658
0.315
97
94
52
40
−3
1.40E−6
8.35E−5
>1.00E−4


HCT-116
0.142
1.101
1.060
1.089
1.018
0.666
0.175
96
99
91
55
3
1.23E−5
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


HCT-15
0.274
1.667
1.502
1.449
1.343
0.784
0.266
88
84
77
37
−3
4.63E−6
8.43E−5
>1.00E−4


HT29
0.174
1.186
1.176
1.131
0.925
0.636
0.184
99
95
74
46
1
7.01E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


KM12
0.224
0.967
0.884
0.896
0.786
0.522
0.185
89
90
76
40
−18
5.26E−6
4.95E−5
>1.00E−4


SW-620
0.159
1.008
0.960
0.901
0.649
0.369
0.118
94
87
58
25
−26
1.71E−6
3.08E−5
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 5-4








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










CNS Cancer






















SF-268
0.347
1.080
1.051
1.020
0.981
0.598
0.357
96
92
86
34
1
4.98E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


SF-295
0.598
1.530
1.440
1.375
1.481
0.828
0.456
90
83
95
25
−24
4.35E−6
3.23E−5
>1.00E−4


SF-539
0.657
1.869
1.748
1.719
1.430
0.937
0.601
90
88
64
23
−9
2.18E−6
5.37E−5
>1.00E−4


SNB-19
0.279
0.934
0.892
0.887
0.867
0.650
0.307
94
93
90
57
4
1.34E−5
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


SNB-75
0.649
1.457
1.324
1.350
1.264
1.079
0.740
83
87
76
53
11
1.19E−5
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


U251
0.231
1.283
1.242
1.205
1.172
0.604
0.184
96
93
89
35
−21
5.38E−6
4.29E−5
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 5-5








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Melanoma






















LOX IMVI
0.311
2.100
1.927
1.830
1.766
0.867
0.244
90
85
81
31
−22
4.20E−6
3.89E−5
>1.00E−4


MALME-3M
0.403
0.725
0.715
0.696
0.687
0.498
0.145
97
91
88
30
−64
4.48E−6
2.07E−5
 7.08E−5


M14
0.352
1.249
1.202
1.164
1.149
0.659
0.356
95
91
89
34
.
5.14E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


SK-MEL-2
0.212
0.515
0.505
0.471
0.521
0.388
0.171
97
85
102
58
−20
1.27E−5
5.59E−5
>1.00E−4


SK-MEL-28
0.363
1.041
1.041
1.050
1.070
0.873
0.352
100
101
104
75
−3
2.10E−5
9.11E−5
>1.00E−4


SK-MEL-5
0.644
2.455
2.270
2.280
2.136
1.150
0.049
90
90
82
28
−92
3.93E−6
1.71E−5
 4.44E−5


UACC-257
0.466
1.070
1.040
0.996
1.063
0.815
0.413
95
88
99
58
−11
1.30E−5
6.83E−5
>1.00E−4


UACC-62
0.828
2.206
2.103
1.986
2.030
1.655
0.662
92
84
87
60
−20
1.33E−5
5.61E−5
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 5-6








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Ovarian Cancer






















IGROV1
0.313
1.001
0.932
0.824
0.735
0.543
0.229
90
74
61
33
−27
2.55E−6
 3.59E−5
>1.00E−4


OVCAR-3
0.237
0.743
0.766
0.717
0.626
0.260
0.137
104
95
77
4
−42
2.34E−6
 1.25E−5
>1.00E−4


OVCAR-4
0.449
1.297
1.311
1.220
1.075
0.883
0.472
102
91
74
51
3
1.05E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


OVCAR-5
0.372
1.072
1.054
0.999
1.056
0.912
0.506
97
90
98
77
19
5.93E−5
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


OVCAR-8
0.271
1.191
1.163
1.091
1.031
0.606
0.390
97
89
83
36
13
5.07E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SK-OV-3
0.521
1.313
1.243
1.228
1.150
0.874
0.586
91
89
79
44
8
6.95E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 5-7








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Renal Cancer






















786-0
0.611
2.118
2.089
2.131
2.186
1.320
0.835
98
101
104
47
15
8.87E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


A498
0.575
1.116
1.079
1.034
1.058
0.839
0.456
93
85
89
49
−21
9.31E−6
 5.03E−5
>1.00E−4


ACHN
0.370
1.672
1.642
1.508
1.367
0.776
0.397
98
87
77
31
2
3.85E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


CAKI-1
0.369
1.388
1.325
1.271
1.260
0.762
0.409
94
89
87
39
4
5.83E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


RXF 393
0.826
2.065
2.024
1.973
1.829
1.355
0.919
97
93
81
43
7
6.43E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


SN12C
0.518
1.551
1.421
1.257
1.326
1.108
0.508
87
71
78
57
−2
1.32E−5
 9.27E−5
>1.00E−4


TK-10
0.190
0.513
0.518
0.464
0.457
0.306
0.196
102
85
83
36
2
5.00E−6
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


UO-31
0.483
1.268
1.113
1.058
1.059
0.678
0.475
80
73
73
25
−2
3.02E−6
 8.59E−5
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 5-8








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Prostate Cancer






















PC-3
0.138
0.476
0.479
0.449
0.373
0.306
0.308
101
92
69
50
50
.
>1.00E−4
>1.00E−4


DU-145
0.200
0.762
0.775
0.735
0.739
0.515
0.103
102
95
96
56
−49
1.14E−5
 3.43E−5
>1.00E−4


















TABLE 5-9








Log10 Concentration













Time
Mean Optical Densities
Percent Growth























Panel/Cell Line
Zero
Ctrl
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
−8.0
−7.0
−6.0
−5.0
−4.0
GI50
TGI
LC50










Breast Cancer






















MCF7
0.451
2.118
1.797
1.793
1.201
0.894
0.318
81
80
45
27
−29
7.22E−7
2.98E−5
>1.00E−4


NCI/ADR-RES
0.476
1.685
1.621
1.586
1.530
0.934
0.567
95
92
87
38
8
5.68E−6
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


MDA-MB-231/ATCC
0.444
1.084
1.085
1.008
0.987
0.854
0.535
100
88
85
64
14
1.91E−5
>1.00E−4 
>1.00E−4


HS 578T
0.415
0.913
0.854
0.861
0.819
0.710
0.405
88
90
81
59
−2
1.41E−5
9.14E−5
>1.00E−4


MDA-MB-435
0.426
1.511
1.527
1.479
1.525
1.043
0.021
101
97
101
57
−95
1.11E−5
2.37E−5
 5.04E−5


BT-549
0.571
1.144
1.114
1.057
1.044
0.886
0.562
95
85
83
55
−2
1.22E−5
9.35E−5
>1.00E−4


T-47D
0.393
0.891
0.819
0.794
0.747
0.674
0.362
85
80
71
56
−8
1.26E−5
7.51E−5
>1.00E−4









While the invention has been described in terms of what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention needs not be limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims which are to be accorded with the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar structures.
CITATIONS


    1. Bestilny, L. J.; Brown, C. B.; Miura, Y.; Robertson, L. D.; Riabowol, K. T. Selective inhibition of telomerase activity during terminal differentiation of immortal cell lines. Cancer Res. 1996, 56, 3796-802.
    2. Bodnar, A. G.; Ouellette, M.; Frolkis, M.; Holt, S. E.; Chiu, C. P.; Morin, G. B.; Harley, C. B.; Shay, J. W.; Lichtsteiner, S.; Wright, W. E. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science. 1998, 279, 349-52.
    3. Urquidi, V.; Tarin, D.; Goodison, S. Role of telomerase in cell senescence and oncogenesis. Annu. Rev. Med. 2000, 51, 65-79.
    4. Smogorzewska, A.; de Lange, T. Regulation of telomerase by telomeric proteins. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2004, 73, 177-208.
    5. Peng, X.; Wu, Y.; Fan, J.; Tian, M.; Han, K. Colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence sensing of fluoride: tuning selectivity in proton transfer. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 10524-31.

## Claims

1. A method for inhibiting a growth of a cancer cell, and a growth of cell telomere, comprising a step of administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I):



wherein R1 is a substituent being one of
a straight (CH2)m alkyl group or a branched (CH2)n alkyl group, wherein 3≦n≦12, and 2≦m≦12.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 is an ethyl group.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substituent is one selected from a group consisting of an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, an octyl group, an isooctyl group, and a straight alkyl group with a branch substituted by a straight C1 ̃C5 alkyl group.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is used together with an excipient to provide a pharmaceutical composition.