v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015

ENDURO VERSION 2.2

user manual

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture

AgribotixTM 2983 Sterling Court

 Boulder, CO 80301

info@agribotix.com 

(720) 295 3625

CONFIDENTIAL

TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 
Contents

1 : Basics

1.1 Safety.............................4

1.2 Inventory.............................6

1.3 The Process.............................7

1.4 Localizing Your Equipment.............................8

2 : Planning

2.1 First Time Mission Planner Setup.............................11

2.2 Battery Monitor Setting in MP.............................12

2.3 Pre-fetching Google Maps in MP.............................13

2.4 Creating a mission in MP.............................15

2.5 Sending Waypoints to the Drone from MP.............................26

2.6 Tower Overview.............................27

2.7 Tower Setup.............................29

2.8 Creating a Mission in Tower.............................30

2.9 Uploading a Mission to the Drone from Tower.............................32

2.10 Survey Parameters.............................32

3 : Flight

3.1 Flight Modes.............................34

3.2 Emergency Procedures.............................35

3.3 Selecting a Good Location.............................36

3.4 Preparing for Your Flight.............................37

3.5 Ground Check.............................38

3.6 In-Flight Monitoring.............................45

3.7 In-Flight Adjustments.............................46

3.8 Landing.............................47

3.9 Post-Flight.............................47

4 : Imaging

4.1 Basic Camera Operation.............................48

4.2 Date and Time.............................49

4.3 Time Lapse.............................50

4.4 Recording the Time.............................51

4.5 Field Extractor.............................52

5 : Data Applications

5.1 Data Types.............................61

5.2 Ground Truthing with PDF Maps.............................62

6 : Batteries

6.1 Transmitter Charging.............................64

6.2 Camera Charging.............................65

6.3 Drone Batteries.............................66

6.4 Using the Voltage Tester.............................68

6.5 Bad Drone Batteries.............................69

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture

AgribotixTM

TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 
info@agribotix.com 

(720) 295 3625

2983 Sterling Court

 Boulder, CO 80301

APPENDIX

AMA Safety Code.............................71

Example Aeronautical Chart.............................75

Using the Safety Fuse.............................76

Trouble Shooting.............................77

Terms.............................78

False Color Map Guide.............................79

FLIGHT LOGBOOK

PRE-FLIGHT CHECKLIST.............................2

POST-FLIGHT CHECKLIST.............................3

PACKING LIST.............................3

FLIGHT MODE REFERENCE GUIDE.............................4

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.............................6

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TOC 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 1. Basics

Sections 1 - 10 of this manual will teach you how to operate your drone safely and effectively.

Use the accompanying Training Manual as a guide for learning to fly your quadcopter and for navigating 

the information in this manual. Before using your drone for personal or commercial purposes, we recommend that you complete the Training Manual as well as review all material in this User Manual. This will 

ensure complete knowledge of your drone system. By the conclusion of this training regimen, you will be 

able to safely operate your drone and obtain valuable results from your aerial surveys. 

1 Basics

A. Be careful! This drone can cause serious injury if improperly handled.

B. Keep your fingers, hands, and face away from propellers at all times. Any time the battery is connected to the Enduro, treat the propellers (props) with respect. It is very easy for a careless operator to leave 

the copter in a mode where the prop may spin up unexpectedly. And it is a lot tougher than your flesh. 

C. If you ever activate the drone without intending to fly, use the Safety Fuse included in your kit. This 

will stop the motors from spinning up if you accidentally trigger them. page 76

D. In AUTO mode, the propeller is at a greater risk of starting prematurely. Put the Enduro drone into 

AUTO flight mode at the last possible moment before launch. 

E. After landing, push the disarm button on the drone, and put the transmitter in MANUAL flight mode. 

Never carry the drone while it is in AUTO flight mode. 

Propeller Safety

While we often joke about safety in our day-to-day lives, it truly is the most important thing when working with an aircraft. There are three main areas where you can hurt yourself or hurt other people when 

flying drones: propeller safety, battery safety, and airspace safety. Before flying, familiarize yourself with 

these dangers so you can avoid them.

1.1 Safety

1.2 Inventory

1.3 The Process

1.4 Localizing Your Equipment

1.1 Safety
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The good thing about LiPo batteries is that they pack a huge amount of energy. This also makes 

them a potential hazard. A shorted LiPo will deliver thousands of amps and instantly melt its 

copper leads and possibly cause a fire. Discard your batteries if they get distorted in a crash or are 

excessively puffed. When charging, either be present all the time or charge them outside. Use a 

metal table or a non-flammable surface if possible. A smoke detector directly over your charging 

station is cheap insurance. 

See section 6 on page 64 for more on battery safety.

Avoid manned aircraft. They always have right-of-way. Use observers to help watch for aircraft. Always maintain a line of sight with your drone.

All drone users must know and obey the local rules and regulations of drone use.

In the absence of other guidelines, follow those provided by the US Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). FAA guidelines can be 

found in FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 91-57. The Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) 

provided by Agribotix are model aircraft which utilize failsafe, stabilization and autopilot systems as defined by AMA Document #560. Some of the key elements of these guidelines are:

A.

F.

E.

D.

C.

B.

The sUAS operator must maintain a visual line of sight (VLOS) with the sUAS aircraft 

at all times. This means the operator on the ground can see the sUAS aircraft unobstructed by trees, power lines, fog or other obstacles. 

The sUAS operator must be able to instantaneously deactivate the programmed flight of 

autopilot systems at any time during the flight and resume manual control of the sUAS 

aircraft. This means the sUAS operator must have his/her eyes on the sUAS aircraft 

at all times during the flight and have the transmitter ready to deactivate any autopilot 

system in order to take manual control of the sUAS aircraft. 

The sUAS should never be flown above 400 feet above ground level (AGL). Agribotix 

sUAS systems are designed to be flown at 328 feet AGL or 100 meters.

Do not fly within three miles of an airport unless you have obtained permission from 

the airport control tower or manager. Contact information for airport authorities can be 

found at www.airnav.com. Agribotix strongly advises notifying all crop-dusting service 

providers known to operate within the vicinity. Small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) 

aircraft can be hard to spot by pilots in the air and therefore it is critical that they be notified of planned sUAS flight operations along any manned aircraft flight path.

Always give the right of way to, and avoid flying in the proximity of, full-scale aircraft. 

Use observers to help if necessary. Agribotix recommends landing thesUAS aircraft as 

soon as possible whenever a full scale aircraft is heard or visually spotted in the air.

The use of imaging technology for aerial surveillance over locations where there is a 

reasonable expectation of privacy is strictly prohibited by the AMA unless permission is 

obtained from the individual property owners or managers.

Battery Safety

Airspace Safety
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Tower

Field Extractor

Enduro Drone

Wing joiners

Batteries

Battery Charger

Smoke Detector

Radio Transmitter (Hand Controller)

Radio Transmitter Charger

Battery voltage meter

Windows computer or Android tablet

Charging cord

Mouse

Sun shield cover

Telemetry radio receiver

Radio mast

Flight Logbook

RGB (regular) Camera

NIR Camera

Camera Charger

USB cable

Travel Case

Drone

Cameras

Hand Controller

Maintenance Materials

Ground Control Station (GCS)

This is an alternate application for creating automated flight plans for your drone. It works on an Android OS 

instead of Windows, so it can be used on a smart phone or tablet.

Also on your GCS PC, Field Extractor works in conjunction with the Agribotix Farm Intelligence Portal to 

upload your images for post-flight processing.

Mission Planner

This program is on your Ground Control Station (GCS) computer. It is used to create flight plans (missions) 

on a Windows OS.

1.2 Inventory
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TOC 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 1. Basics

Image a field

Use your data

Load your mission onto the drone.

It can then image your field with the cameras 

by flying the survey pattern.

Use PDF Maps on your tablet to view your 

complete data maps anywhere, anytime... 

from on-site ground truthing to client 

demonstration.

Plan a mission

Process the images

You will create survey missions for your drone to fly 

using one of two programs: 

1. Mission Planner (Windows OS on a PC)

or

2. Tower (for Andriod OS on a tablet)

Using the program Field Extractor on your PC, you 

can pair your photos with the drone’s flight logs to 

create complete geo-tagged image sets. Upload those 

images to the Aghribotix Farm Intelligence Portal to 

produce various field data maps.

1.3 The Process
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Agribotix technicians have already flown your drone on a number of test flights before it leaves shop 

in Colorado; however, you must adapt the Enduro and it’s cameras to your area. Make sure you do this 

before flying your drone.

2983 xx,x 80301

info@agribotix.com )7 2 0( 295 3625

AGRIBOTIX

xxxx.

T M

CAUTION

1 TURN ON CAMERA

2 HIT MENU BUTTON

3 USE CURSOR TO SELECT SETTINGS

Scroll down untill you see the "Time Zone" tab and select the

correct time zone from the global map

CHANGE THE 

TIME ZONE ON 

THE GROUND 

CONTROL 

STATION

4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oD9Z9IR2TNU

xxxxxxxx,xx

xxxxx(GCS)xxxx

xxxxxx.

CAUTION

xx-x

xxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxx

declination

xxxx

xxxx

xxxx

xxx;

xxxxxx

xxx.

You must re-calibrate your compass every time you fly your drone in a new region of the globe in order 

to get the correct magnetic declination. This only needs to be done ONCE or if you are instructed to do 

so by an Agribotix technician.

Follow the steps on the YouTube video shown below to calibrate your compass for your region. 

On YouTube, search ‘3DR IRIS: Re-calibrating the Compass.’ 

If you do not have internet access, turn on your drone and connect to Mission Planner. In Mission 

Planner, go to the tab Initial Setup > Mandatory Hardware > Compass > Live Calibration and follow the 

instructions on the screen.

Drone Compass Calibration

1.4 Localizing Your Equipment

Failure to perform a calibration will result in poor flight path navigation.
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In order to ensure best results for image processing, make sure your GCS and cameras both have the 

same time and time zone set internally. There should be no more than 5 minutes difference between the 

two.

ZzGI Sterling Hourt 4oulderw HO G=I=D

info]agribotix?com hk Z =M ZzN IUZN

AGRIBOTIX

Pctionable intelligence for precision agriculture?

CAUTION

FOLLOW THESE DIRECTIONS

FOR THE GOPRO CAMERA

1

CHANGE THE 

TIME ZONE ON 

THE GROUND 

CONTROL 

STATION

2

In order to ensure best results for image processingw make sure your 

ground control station MGHSh and camera both have the same time 

and time zone set internallyY there should be no more than N minutes 

difference between the two?

To Set the MonthvFayvYearvTime;

D? Verify that the camera is in theSettings mode? If theSettings icon

[ ] does not appear on your camera status screenw press the

PowervModebutton [ ] repeatedly until it appears?

Z? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to enter theSettings

menu [ ]?

I? Use thePowervModebutton [ ] to cycle throughSettings to

locate theSetup menu [ ]?

R? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to enter theSet Up menu?

N? Use thePowervModebutton [ ] to locate the Monthv Fayv Yearv

Time menu [ ]?

U? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to enter Monthv Fayv Yearv

Time menuY Month MMM will be highlightedh?

k? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to access the list of months

MD to DZh?

G? Use thePowervModebutton [ ] to cycle through list until

desired selection is highlighted?

z? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to select?

D=? To advance to the next optionw press the ShuttervSelect

button [ ]?

DD? Repeat steps kw G and z to make selections for day MFFhw year MYYhw

hour MHHh and minutes MMMh?

DZ? To exitw hold down theShuttervSelect button [ ] for two

seconds or cycle through to [ ] and press theShuttervSelect

button [ ]?

From the [ ] screenw press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to exit

theSet Up menu?

Note: The GoPro 3+ will lose the correct time if it is without a battery for more than 2 hours. It is best to 

check the GoPro’s date and time setting before every flight.

If you are using a GoPro 4, it will not have this problem.

Note: Sync your GoPro to your GCS or mobile device to sync their times easier. See the included GoPro 

documentation for instruction.

Camera Date and Time

1

2
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2. Planning TOC 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

2 Planning

When you start up Mission Planner, you may see a small window prompting you to update your Mission 

Planner firmware. DO NOT do this. Agribotix has configured Mission Planner specifically for your 

drone. If you click ‘Yes’ and update your firmware, this could change those settings. Always click ‘no’, 

unless instructed to to otherwise by an Agribotix technician. If you are flying your own drone or using 

your own GCS, you will need to ensure your Grid Options settings are correct.

WARNING

Your Enduro drone flies autonomously, but first you must tell it where to fly. To do this, you will make 

flight plans, called missions, using the programs Mission Planner (on a Windows OS) or Tower (on an 

Android OS).

Tower will come installed on your included Android tablet. If you are using an Agribotix PC, it will have 

Mission Planner installed. If you are using your own PC, you can download Mission Planner at ardupilot.

com/downloads. If using your own Android device, Tower may be downloaded from the Google Play 

store. It is recommended that you use Tower for planning your missions. It is faster and easier to use than 

Mission Planner. By the end of this section, you should be able to create automated missions and upload 

them to your drone.

2.1 First Time Mission Planner Setup

2.2 Battery Monitor Setting in MP

2.3 Pre-Fetching Google Maps in MP

2.4 Creating a Mission In MP

2.5 Sending Waypoints to the Drone from MP

2.6 Tower Overview

2.7 Tower Setup, 

2.8 Creating a Mission In Tower

2.9 Sending Waypoints to the Drone from Tower

2.10 Survey Parameters
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2.1 First Time Mission Planner Setup

2.1 A Open Mission Planner and go to the “CONFIG/TUNING” window and check the “Advanced 

View” box (upper image). If you do not do this, the “Actions” tab in the lower left-hand side of your 

“FLIGHT DATA” window may not display properly (lower image). While here, you can also select “Enable Speech” (blue circle) and check any desired warnings. This way Mission Planner will tell you when 

changes occur during your mission.
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2. Planning TOC 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

2.1 B While in this window, you can also change the units Mission Planner will display. By default, 

altitude and distance is in meters, while speed is in meters/second (ms). The boxes where you can change 

these are circled in the screenshot below.

2.2 Battery Monitor Setting in MP

Mission Planner allows you to monitor your battery capacity during flight. This feature appears in the 

Flight Data tab of Mission Planner and is discussed in a later section. For now, to ensure this feature 

works correctly, you must input the total capacity of the Enduro’s onboard batteries in mAh. The screenshot below shows the location in Mission Planner where you input the capacity value. Go to the ‘Initial 

Setup’ tab > ‘Battery Monitor’> then input the capacity in mAh in the ‘Battery Capacity’ box. Do not 

change the other settings in the Battery Monitor tab, unless instructed by an Agribotix technician.

8000
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2.3 Pre-fetching Google Maps in MP

The ground control station (GCS) uses Google maps from the internet to show the drone’s location. 

When the GCS is out in the field, it will not have internet reception, so it cannot display these maps from 

Google. To use Google maps without internet access, you must “pre-fetch” Google maps of the area(s) 

you will be flying. This procedure downloads the maps of your selected area from Google Maps and saves 

them in a folder on your computer. This way, Mission Planner always has access to those maps. 

Agribotix will usually have pre-loaded the maps you will need to get started in your area. To check if an 

area is pre-fetched, zoom into the map area on the GCS while it is offline and see if the maps show up in 

high resolution. If the map is not present, you must load a map of the mission area you plan to fly. Once 

you have an area pre-fetched, it will remain in your GCS memory so you can skip this step alltogether and 

go directly into mission planning.

2.3 A

Select the FLIGHT PLAN icon in the upper left-hand corner of the Mission Planner. Hold ALT, left click 

& drag the mouse to select the area. A blue box will begin to appear. Create a box over the area you plan 

to fly. The blue box is approximate and its boundaries don’t have to be exact.

Alt + Left Click
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2. Planning TOC 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

2.3 B

Right click and select: Map Tool > Prefetch “Ready ripp at Zoom = xx” -click yes and a progress bar will 

appear as shown on the lower left. This can take tens of minutes. When it says “Fetching tile at zoom 

(20)” you can hit the Esc key multiple times until it stops because you will not need any more map detail 

beyond this point.
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2. Planning TOC 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

2.4 Creating a mission in MP

Once you have the map of your mission area, you can create a flight path for your Enduro. This is the path 

it will fly when creating images of a field.

On this page we will get started by establishing the Home Location. On the next page we learn how to 

define a flight area in the Mission Planner software. Then, we will define the specific route the drone will 

fly and where it will go in an emergency. You can define the flight area before you go out to the field and 

fly your mission. Keep in mind you will need to reset the Home Location in the field before you fly.

2.4 A Getting Started and Establishing the Home Location

You must correctly set the Home Location as a safety precaution before your flight. When you put the 

Enduro into the RTL flight mode (Section 3) it will fly to the Home Location and land.

A1. Go to the Flight Plan window (purple arrow) to plan a mission. To start a new mission, center the 

screen on the area you want to fly and zoom into the area with the scale tool (red arrow) until you see the 

field you want to fly. You can change the maps you are viewing (blue arrow) in the background. 

A2. Next click on the ‘Lat’ field (green arrow). You will be prompted to click on the map to set a home 

location. Click ‘OK’ then click on the area where you want the drone to take off from. The home location 

icon will not appear until you specify an altitude in meters above sea level (yellow arrow) where this 

location lies geometrically. This does not have to be a precise location for now because you will adjust 

the home location before takeoff (Section 5).

A3. If you have a pre-existing mission, Click on the Load WP File button (orange arrow) to load it. 

These missions will be in the Microsoft Text (.txt) file format. If you are using an Agribotix Ground 

Control Station (GCS), you can open the ‘Missions’ folder on the desktop and load the sample mission 

available there. This way you can see how the missions you eventually plan will look.

Go to our YouTube channel for an instructional video on 

creating a mission. Note: This video is made for a fixwing model drone. Disregard the segments on takeoff and 

landing.

Another good video is on the 3DR YouTube channel. 

Search, ‘Planning a mission with the X8’ for a video on 

planning a mission with a multirotor. Note that this is 

different from the Enduro and has different performance 

specifications. Disregard the portions regarding camera 

tuning.
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A4. You will be asked if you want to ‘Reset Home to loaded coords’. 

Click ‘yes’ if you want to set the home location to the pre-set location in 

the mission you are opening.

You would click ‘no’ if you were in the field, your drone was turned on, 

had a GPS lock, and was on the ground near the launch location.

This is because when the drone is in the field and has a GPS lock, it’s 

GPS coordinates are usually more accurate than the coordinates you have from Google Maps. Now we 

are just approximating the altitude. When the drone’s GPS works, it will give a more precise measure of 

altitude for setting a home location. Contrary to popular myth, the Mission Planner software does not 

calculate altitude above sea level using Google Terrain data. Altitude above sea level is calculated by the 

drone’s internal GPS.

A5. The screenshot above shows a typical pre-existing mission. To design a new mission in the same 

area, right click anywhere on the map and you will get the ‘options’ menu (yellow arrow). From here, 

select ‘clear mission’ (blue arrow). You should always do this, even if you don’t see any existing mission 

that needs to be cleared. There may be one located outside your field of view, which may adversely effect 

the mission you are about to plan. All the waypoints will disappear except the ‘Home Location’ waypoint. 

Drag the home “Home” waypoint to the field you want to fly over (pink arrow). This may be several 

kilometers away. Use the zoom tool (red arrow) to zoom in and out. Note that when you move the home 

waypoint the longitude and latitude (purple arrow) will update, but the altitude above sea level (green 

arrow) will not.
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2. Planning TOC 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

B1. To create waypoints for your drone to navigate to, simply click on the map where you want them to 

be. You may click and drag these waypoints to move them after they have been created.

2.4 B Create a Simple Mission

This is for flight training practice. If you want to create a photogrammetry mission, go to 2.4 C.

B2. To delete a waypoint, right click on it and select ‘Delete WP’ at the top of the menu (orange circle). 

You will also see many other options. Some of these will be addressed in section 2.4 C.

B3. While planning your waypoints, pay attention to the Distance in the upper left corner of your screen 

(pink circle). Make sure that this is within your drone’s range. The Enduro can fly for 13 miles (21 km).

B4. Check the altitude and other details of each waypoint in the Waypoints matrix. You can view this by 

clicking the green bar at the bottom of the Flight Plan window. 100m is usually a good altitude for flying.

Make sure the first waypoint has a ‘Takeoff’ command and the last has a ‘Land’ command.

Keep in mind that the Grad % does not matter for takeoff and landing, since the quad will takeoff and land 

vertically.

B5. When you are satisfied with your mission, view section 2.4 to see how to save your mission onto 

your GCS. See section 2.5 for how to upload it to your drone.
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C1. Click on the FLIGHT PLAN tab in the upper left hand corner of the screen. Scroll to the area you 

want to survey by holding the left mouse button. Click on the right mouse button and select “Draw 

Polygon > Add Polygon Point”. A message box will appear telling you you’re entering polygon mode 

Click “OK.”

2.4 C Create a Photogrammetry Survey
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2. Planning TOC 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

C2. 

Click on the screen to place points around your field. You can also move points by clicking on them and 

holding down the left mouse button while you drag them. This will be the perimeter of your flight area. 

You can save this polygon for later use. Right click > Draw Polygon >Save Polygon. This is helpful if you 

know you will be flying over this field more than once throughout the growing season.

Note: if the ‘Home’ waypoint does not show up on your screen, you need to connect to your drone while 

it is outside so it can acquire GPS signal and establish an initial home position for the Mission Planner 

software. Keep in mind, ‘Home’ will be used as the takeoff and landing location for your mission. Make 

sure the area is clear of any obstacles.
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D1. 

To take pictures efficiently we create a ‘lawnmower’ flight pattern over the field you want to survey. The 

Mission Planner software has tools to automatically create a lawnmower pattern. If you know the wind 

direction, you can lay out a mission before you go to the field. Otherwise, this step will be done at the 

field before takeoff. Wind direction is important because it can effect the speed of your drone while it 

passes back and forth accross the field taking photographs. The drone needs to fly the same speed on each 

pass, so each pass should be perpendicular to the wind direction. Flying parallel to the wind will cause the 

drone to fly faster on downwind passes and slower on upwind passes. This will result in poor field images. 

For this lesson, we will assume the wind is coming out of the north. Once you create a survey grid, we’ll 

explain how you can change the angle of your flight passes to adapt to the wind direction.

2.4 D Create the Flight Path

D2.

To create a grid flight pattern, Right click and select: “Auto WP > Survey (Grid).” A window will apear 

with a series of tabs labeled “Simple, Grid Options, Camera Config” as shown here. Make sure the options 

in the Simple tab and Grid tab match those shown here. Disregard the ‘Camera Config’ tab. If you are 

using a camera provided by Agribotix, this won’t be needed.
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2. Planning TOC 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

D3. 

To make sure your drone flies perpendicular to the wind, change the “Angle [deg]” setting in the Simple 

tab. Enter the degree number of your angle into the box next to “Angle [deg]”. As you change this number, you will see the flight pattern change too. Adjust the angle until the flight passes are perpendicular 

to the wind direction.

Ensure your boxes in the ‘Simple’ 

tab are checked as shown here.

15
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D4. 

Next, check the “Stats” at the bottom of your screen. The distance must be less than 18 

km for the Enduro. It cannot fly any further. Also keep in mind that Mission Planner allows 

no more than 250 waypoints at a time. It’s range is further reduced in high winds. WIND DIRECTION

D5. 

Click the ‘Simple’ tab and press the green ‘Accept’ button to finalize the flight path. Next, right click 

“Draw Polygon > Clear Polygon” so you can see the waypoints better. 
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2. Planning TOC 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

The Waypoints tab in the Mission Planner Flight Plan window contains a matrix. This shows the longitude, 

latitude, and altitude of each waypoint, as well as the gradient slopes between them. Your first waypoint 

must have a “TAKEOFF” command. Your final waypoint should have a “LAND” command. These will 

both automatically be placed at your Home location.

The Mission Planner will always make two waypoints with a “DO_SET_CA...”. The Enduro does not use 

these. They are made to trigger a camera, but the Enduro’s cameras have their own internal intervalometer 

and thus do not need input from the flight control board. You may delete these with the ‘x’ button.

2.4 E Manage the Waypoints

Check the values of the height column. This is the height the drone will go to at that waypoint before it 

continues on to the next. Make sure these heights clear any obstacles.

Use the ‘x’ button 

to delete waypoints 

from the list.

Use the up & down 

arrows to re-order 

the waypoints as 

is needed; you will 

need to use these.
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After you have finished creating a mission, hit the green “Save WP File” to save a text file of your mission 

on your computer for later use. This is convenient for planning missions before going to the field and also 

if you plan on flying the same field repeatedly throughout a growing season.

2.4 G Save Your Mission

Finally, go to the Flight Data window and check the cruising Ground Speed indicated in the “Change 

Speed” box (pink arrow on the lower left screenshot). The cruising speed for the Enduro should be set to 

15 meters per second. 

2.4 F Check Speed
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A. Before you can send waypoints to the drone, you must first wirelessly connect it to the GCS. Plug in 

the batteries. The drone must be on a level surface. Wait two minutes to allow the drone’s flight controller 

(autopilot) to warm up. 

Now, Go to the upper right corner of the Mission Planner ‘Flight Plan’ window and click on the red & 

white ‘Connect’ icon. When the drone and the GCS are connected to each other the ‘Connect’ icon will 

turn to green & white and read ‘Disconnect’ (see blue box below).

B. The drone is now ready to receive waypoints, rally points, and other commands from the Mission 

Planner. To send the waypoints to the drone’s computer, go to the green ‘Write WPs’ button located on 

the right side of the Flight Plan window (orange box below.).

C. The ‘Write WPs’ command does not always work. You need to check to make sure that your drone 

has recieved all the waypoints. First, repeat step B to increase the liklihood that all waypoints uploaded 

successfully. Next, clear you mission from the flight plan. Finally, click ‘Read WPs’ (red box). This will 

upload any mission plan from the drone so you can check that it has read the mission correctly. If any 

waypoints are missing, clear the mission uploaded from the drone, load the waypoint file of your complete mission, and try writing the mission to the drone again.

2.5 Sending Waypoints to the Drone from MP
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2.6 Tower Overview

Open Tower...

At the bottom of the window, you will see a ‘connect’ icon.

Before connecting to your drone, please remove the propellers as a safety precaution.

It is not necessary to connect to your drone to walk through the below steps, but by connecting to your 

drone, you will be able to see all of Tower’s features. To do this, make sure that your Android system and 

Tower app are configured for the correct telemetry link with your drone. For example, if you are using a 

Bluetooth link, navigate to settings in Tower and ensure Bluetooth is set as the connection type. Likewise, 

navigate to the settings for you Android device and confirm that you have a connection to the Bluetooth 

device.

Once you are connected to your drone, the ‘Connect’ icon will be replaced with the ‘Arm’ and ‘Dronie’ 

commands. Do not arm your drone. ‘Dronie’ is a function for planning ‘selfie’ photos and will never be 

used.

Also, an airplane icon will appear representing the drone’s location (blue circle).

The menu on the top right has 

options for planning and monitoring flights as well as configuring 

Tower and your drone.

The left menu has simple options for your 

telemetry connection and also for loading 

missions to and from the drone.
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2. Planning TOC 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

You can sign into a Tower account. 

This is not necessary.

The default window for Tower. 

This window is used to monitor 

your drones status.

Plan and change flight paths.

Playback recent flights.

You can customize the user interface and telemetry connection.

Allows you to customize your 

drone’s performance. Please do not 

alter this without consulting an Agribotix technician.

A useful pre-flight checklist.

A tool for claibrating your accelerometer. 

This is done automatically as part of your 

drone’s startup routine. 

If the startup calibration fails, use this as 

a backup method.
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2.7 Tower Setup

Simply zoom in on the area you want prefetched while your tablet has an internet connection. Tower will 

automatically save the map tiles of this area for whatever resolution you zoom into. This is only temporary. This may dissapear from your device’s memory after a few power cycles. If this is your method of 

choice, you must do this each time before heading to the field and DO NOT power off your device within 

this time.

Prefetching Maps: Temporary Simple Method

On your PC, use Mission Planner to prefetch your desired map tiles. This is explained in section 2.3. 

Find the prefetched map files on your computer in the folder “Program Files (x86)/APMPlanner/gmapcache/TileDBv3/en/GoogleSatellite/”.

Connect your PC to your Android device and place the map files in the folder “/sdcard/Tower/Maps/”.

WARNING: depending on the size of the area you have prefetched, this transfer could take up to several 

hours.

Prefetching Maps: Complex Permanent Method

As with Mission Planner, Agribotix has already setup Tower for use with your drone. This includes 

prefetching maps for your region for offline use, as well as configuring Tower to work with your drone’s 

specifications. The segments below describe how to prefetch additional maps or customize the parameters 

for your drone.

In general, you should not change any of your drone’s parameters without consulting an Agribotix technician. 

At some point, you may use different batteries than those provided in your drone kit. In this case, you 

need to ensure that your drone is configured for the correct battery capacity, so that the voltage reading in 

your Flight Data window displays correctly. To do this, go to the ‘Parameters’ menu and search for ‘Battery Monitor’. Ensure that you input the correct value in milli-amp hours for your total battery capacity. 

So, if you fly with two 7,000 mAh batteries, you should input 14,000 mAh.

Again, DO NOT change any other settings in this menu. These are the performance parameters of your 

drone and should not be altered.

Battery Monitor and Other Settings
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2.8 Creating a Mission in Tower

2.8 A Simple Mission

Go to the Editor view to plan a mission.

Click on the squiggle icon (pink circle) to select your waypoint marking tool. For now, select ‘Waypoint’.

To add waypoints, select the waypoint icon (green circle)and 

just tap on the screen where you want them to go.

As you add waypoints, boxes will 

appear along the bottom of the display, 

representing each waypoint.

To edit a waypoint, click the corresponding box and a small window will 

appear where you can change it’s parameters. Click the blue segment at the 

top of the waypoint editing window. 

A menu will appear with the various 

waypoint types you can select.

Note that you do not need to create takeoff and landing waypoints.

These will be automatically created 

upon the instance of uploading your 

waypoints to the drone. These will be 

automatically placed at the location at 

which you arm your drone.

This concludes the creation of a simple mission in Tower. To 

upload your mission, view section 2.10.

To select waypoints, use the ‘Selection’ tool (blue circle).

Undo actions with the arrow icon (orange circle).

Use the trash can tool (purple circle) to 

delete waypoints. When it turns red, you 

can delete waypoints by clicking their 

corresponding box.

Click the trash can icon a second time to 

get the option to delete all waypoints.
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2.8 B Photogrammetry Mission

Creating a photogrammetry mission is slightly different that a simple mission. 

This time, select the ‘Survey’ option from the squiggle icon 

menu.

Now, outline the area you want to survey. When you close the 

loop, waypoints will automatically be created to make a survey 

of that area.

There will only be one icon along the bottom representing this 

entire survey area. Click this to edit the survey parameters.

For a typical photogrammetry survey, 

Agribotix recommends you fly at 100m 

altitude with 80% sidelap.

Overlap does not matter. This is so that 

the drone’s flight controller can regulate 

the camera’s interval. Your cameras 

have their own intervalometer, so this is 

not needed.

Overlap does not matter. This is so that 

the drone’s flight controller can regulate 

the camera’s interval. Your cameras have 

their own intervalometer, so this is not 

needed.

Make sure the Hatch angle goes perpendicular to the wind 

direction.

This concludes the creation of a survey pattern mission. See the 

next page for uploading missions to your drone.
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Open the menu in the upper right corner of the Tower window. Ensure you have a telemetry connection, 

then select ‘Upload mission’. 

You will notice that once you do this, takeoff and landing waypoints will automatically be added to your 

mission. 

The upload is not always entirely successful. As a precaution, follow these steps:

1. Upload the mission to the drone a second time.

2. Save the mission, then clear all waypoints from Tower.

3. Download the mission from the drone and check that all waypoints are correct.

This concludes the Planning section. The next section will address flight and how to execute your mission.

2.9 Uploading a Mission to the Drone from Tower

2.10 Survey Parameters

Crop Health Survey 

Sidelap: 80%

Altitude: 100m

Ground Speed: 15 m/s

Camera Intervalometer: 2 seconds

Weather Conditions:

Requires consistent light.

Best with completely clear skies. Errant clouds will degrade results.

Can also fly when completely overcast, but results will not be as good as with complete sunlight.

Any Survey

Run angle: perpendicular to the wind.

Overall survey pattern direction: starts downwind and works upwind.
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3 Flight

This section will walk you through a safe and productive flight with your Enduro. Remember to always 

fly with a second person to help monitor your drone mid-flight and watch for manned aircraft.

3.1 Flight Modes

3.2 Emergency Procedures

3.3 Selecting a Good Location

3.4 Preparing for Your Flight

3.5 Adapting Your Mission

3.6 Ground Check

3.7 Takeoff

3.8 In-Flight Adjustments

3.9 Post-Flight

3.10 Survey Parameters
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SC Switch MIDDLE or UP: This flight mode automatically attempts to maintain the current location, heading 

and altitude. It does this by triangulating it’s position 

with it’s GPS. The pilot may fly the copter manually 

in Loiter mode. If you release the stick, it will hold it’s 

position. Use this mode for takeoff and landing.

Loiter

3.1 Flight Modes

SC Switch DOWN: In Auto mode, the copter will follow 

the pre-programmed mission script stored in the autopilot, which is made up of navigation commands, i.e. 

waypoints. These are the waypoints and rally points you 

upload from Mission Planner.

WARNING: Moving the aircraft while in auto mode can 

trigger the propeller to start spinning without warning. 

Always take the aircraft out of AUTO mode before 

handling.

AUTO

SC switch in

middle position

SC switch in

down position

In this flight mode, the quad will automatically 

return to the Home location and land.

Move the SH switch toward the front of the 

transmitter and HOLD it or else it will return to 

normal flight. This will cause the drone to land 

straight down from wherever it happens to be. 

Hold until the drone’s props come to a complete 

stop.

RTL (Return to Launch)

Land

SF and SH switches towards the back of the 

transmitter.

Normal Flight

SF SH

SF SH

SF SH

Before flying the Enduro, make sure that you have the RC transmitter switch functions memorized cold. 

If things go bad in the air, they go bad fast. You won’t have time to be reading labels or trying to remember which switch does what. Note that many of the switches on the transmitter are disabled.

The following illustrations are also included in your Flight Logbook. Practice switching between 

the flight modes on your transmitter. You must be confident you could select the right one in an 

emergency.
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3.2 Emergency Procedures

IF MANNED AIRCRAFT APPROACHES

1 FLIGHT MODE LOITER

Change the flight mode to Loiter and the drone will 

stop all horizontal movement.

Middle 

Position

2 THROTTLE DOWN

Move the left transmitter (throttle) stick down and 

the drone will descend at its maximum descent 

IF THE GCS LOSES SIGNAL

This is indicated by a red ‘X’ will appear in in the upper right 

corner of the Flight Data window.

1A FINISH MISSION IN AUTO FLIGHT MODE

The safest course of action is to aloow the drone to 

finish its mission as long as no dangers arise. Monitor 

the drone visually as best you can.

2 IF MANNED AIRCRAFT APPROACHES

Folllow the procedures in the first segment of this page.

IF THE TRANSMITTER LOSES SIGNAL

1

If you make changes to your RC transmitter that do not show up on your GCS, then you may have lost 

signal contact.

2 CONTINUE MISSION IF POSSIBLE

Your drone will complete it’s mission without 

any RC transmitter signal. Leave the transmitter in Auto mode so the drone will not be 

interrupted when the signal is reacquired.

3 OTHER OPTIONS

You have access to RTL, Loiter, Land and 

other modes through your GCS telemetry 

connection. (red circle)

CHANGE ALTITUDE TO ZERO

If there is an airspace conflict while Tx signal 

is lost, use the GCS to switch to Loiter mode. 

In MP, use the Change Alt button. (blue 

circle).

In Tower, you must create a new mission plan 

with a ‘Land’ command and no other waypoints and reupload this to the drone.

1B TRIGGER RTL

TRY TO RECONNECT

Often, simply lifting the RC Transmitter above your head will regain the singal.

4

rate. If the drone is visible, put the throttle in the middle position when a safe 

altitude is reached. 

Use the altitide indicator in the GCS to verify height above ground level.

Leaving the stick down indefinitely will lead to a rough landing.

Use the LAND flight mode to bring the quad to the ground.
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3.3 Selecting a Good Location

Pick a place where it is easy to fly. Fly on an open field that meets the criteria illustrated below. Do not fly 

your drone farther than half a kilometer from your location until you are proficient with the entire drone 

system and it’s emergency procedures. To obtain a good telemetry link (above 50%) put your 3DR radio 

on a mast and keep it away from radio towers and power lines. The battery percentage shown in the red 

circle below (on the artificial horizon) is only accurate if you start the mission with a fully charged 

battery. The battery percentage should never drop below 30%. If it does, you will need to redirect the 

drone to land. To do this, select the landing waypoint (highlighted in orange below) and then click on the 

green “Set WP” button. This will send the drone to that waypoint instead of continuing the mission. See 

time 3:18 of the video ‘How to Plan a Flight for your Agricultural Drone Using Mission Planner’ on 

the Agribotix YouTube channel for how to send waypoints to a drone mid-flight.

21.4v

Initiate RTL if voltage 

drops below 21.4 v.
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1) Make sure your mission area is pre-fetched. (Section 2)

2) Plan as much of your mission as possible before leaving for the field.

3) Make sure the batteries are fully charged for all your components. Use the voltage meter to test your 

 drone batteries.

• drone batteries

• camera batteries

• GCS charged (laptop or tablet)

Make sure you bring all the required materials. Refer to the packing list below. This same list is 

also in your Flight Logbook.

3.4 Preparing for Your Flight

Before Leaving for the Field

Packing List

1) Enduro drone

2) Spare propellers

3) Charged drone batteries

4) Cameras (RGB and NIR)

5) Charged camera batteries

6) SD card w/ sufficient space for new pictures

7) GCS computer

8) Computer sun shield

9) Computer battery charged

10) Prefetched Google maps for flight area

11) Transmitter

12) Charged transmitter batteries

13) Charger kit

14) Tools and spares kit

15) GCS radio

16) Radio mast (not included in your Agribotix kit)

17) Battery Volt Meter
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Each time before you fly, you must go through the pre-flight check to ensure everything is working OK. 

If doing this for the first time, do it away from the field, so you can go through the steps without being 

tempted to fly. 

First, view the steps in the pre-flight checklist. This is also written on page 2 of your Flight Logbook.

3.5 A Pre-Flight Checklist Preview

1 ) Create Mission

• Takeoff: 30m or above the highest obstacle

2 ) Physical check

• Prop blades tight

• Motor mounts

• Arm clips secure

• Batteries secure

• Connect the batteries, test voltage.

• On the GCS, connect the drone to Mission Planner via the telemetry 

 radio.

3 ) Turn on the transmitter

4 ) Wait for the audible tone and the solid green LED light

5) Take picture of Giant Clock with camera (explained Section 9.5)

6 ) Install camera onto drone with intervalometer on

7) Arm by pressing down for 3 seconds on the drone’s flashing red button

8 ) Reset Home Location to ensure accuracy. Check that landing WP is 0 meters 

 altitude.

9 ) Write waypoints and upload rally points to the drone

10 ) Do Preflight Calibration on Mission Planner

11 ) Do ‘Restart Mission’ on Mission Planner

12) Takeoff, switch to Auto mode

If problems occur with preflight sequence:

1 ) Disconnect drone battery

2 ) Wait 20 seconds

3 ) Go to step 4 above

3.5 Ground Check
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Prepare the Enduro frame for flight. Make sure the batteries remain UNPLUGGED during this step to 

avoid accidental injury.

3.5 B Drone Preparation

The Enduro’s arms are hinged so they can fold together for easy transport. Before a flight, these arms are 

spread and secured by the clips that hold them in an X configuration. Do this, ensuring that each arm is fit 

securely into it’s respective clip.

Mount the batteries to the sides of the Enduro. Ensure that they are secured by the velcro straps.

Secure Arms

Secure Batteries

The GPS mast folds down for transport. Raise it upright and screw down the base to lock it into position.

Secure GPS Mast
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3.5 C Pre-Flight Checklist Performance

STEP 1. Mission Check

1 Survey Grid has RTL (Return to Launch) in MP

In Mission Planner’s Survey (Grid) window, make sure that the ‘Use RTL’ box is checked.

2 Wind Speed Under 20mph

If windspeed exceeds 20mph at ground level, do not fly.

3 Takeoff Altitude Set to 30m or above obstacles

Make sure the altitude for the takeoff waypoint is set to at least 30 meters.

4 Flight Path Perpendicular to the Direction of Wind

Your first waypoint shoud be on the opposite side of the 

field that the wind is coming from (downwind) so the drone 

‘switchbacks’ into the wind. This ensures the drone will 

make tight, smooth turns throughout the mission.

5 Home Location is Clear of Obstacles

The drone will land at the home location (unless you have 

specified a different landing location), so make sure it is 

far away from cars, power lines, trees, buildings, or other 

obstructions.

6 Check Mission Distance

The total flight distance must be less than 20 kilometers.

In MP, you will find this in the upper right corner of the Flight Plan window. In Tower, this is in the 

upper right corner of the Editor view. In MP, you can edit this distance in the ‘Survey (Grid)’ window 

where you make the lawnmower pattern flight path. You can see the total mission distance in the 

lower left corner of the screen.

7 Flight Path has Minimal Switchbacks

If your field is rectangular, the flight path should be arranged so the switchbacks are on the short ends 

of the field. This will minimize the number of switchbacks unless wind speeds do not allow for this, 

in which case the switchbacks should be perpendicular to the wind direction.

2 3 6 7 10 11 14

1 4 5 8 9 12 13

WIND DIRECTION

Home
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FORWARD FORWARD

0 Home

STEP 2. Systems Check

3 Turn on the Transmitter

The flight mode must be set to ‘Loiter’ before turning on the transmitter.

The left stick (throttle) must be all the way down as shown here.

4 Connect Battery, DO NOT MOVE QUAD, Wait for Dark Green Light

The light is connected to the Pixhawk flight controller. This will first blink 

blue & red, then light green. Finally, it will turn dark green followed by an 

audible tone. This means it has achieved a GPS lock and it’s startup sequence 

is complete.

5 Connect the GCS (Telemetry)

In MP, click the ‘CONNECT’ botton in the upper right corner 

of the window. When it connects to the drone, the button will 

turn green and say ‘DISCONNECT’.

In Tower, press the connect icon at the bottom of the screen. 

When it connects, you will see options for ‘Arm’ and ‘Dronie’.

1 Take Drone to Takeoff / Landing Location

Set the drone on the ground at it’s takeoff location. Keep in mind that it will climb to 30m (or specified) above ground level before flying to its first waypoint at 100m. Make sure the takeoff location is 

free of obstacles higher than 100m.

2 Drone Properly Oriented for Takeoff

Place your drone so that you are behind 

it in orientation. This way, the controls 

are easiest: left is left, forward is forward, 

etc. If you have to move the sticks during 

takeoff, you will be properly oriented.

6 Set Home Location and Write Waypoints to the Drone

In MP, make sure the mission is uploaded to the aircraft when 

asked to ‘Reset Home to loaded coords’. Always click NO.

Click on ‘Home Location’ to update your drone’s true takeoff & 

landing location, then ‘Write WPs’.

In Tower, the Home Location will be set automatically, but you 

should still check that the waypoints are uploaded correctly.

7 Magnetometer Check

Check to make sure the drone is pointed in the right 

direction. 

In MP, in the Flight Data window, the red line is the 

direction the drone is pointed. 

In Tower’s Flight Data window, the drone’s direction is 

indicated by the yellow arrow on it’s screen.

Make sure the drone is 15 feet away from any vehicle or 

large metal object. This can interfere with it’s magnetic 

compass.
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Stabilize

Stabilize

STEP 2. Systems Check Continued

7 Preflight Calibration

In the Flight Data window, choose 

‘PreFlight Calibration’ from the 

top drop-down menu and click 

this button to execute the preflight 

calibration. This centers the Home 

Altitude and other parameters.

8 Restart Mission

Click this button.

9 Ground Speed & Altitude

The number on the right is the 

quad’s meters above or below the 

Home location.

The number on the left is the 

groundspeed in meters per second.

In Tower, these values are shown 

on the right side of the Flight 

Data view.

These should be somewhere 

between -3 and 3 after doing a 

preflight calibration (or just after 

a system start-up). If they are 

outside this range, do another 

preflight calibration. If using 

Tower, just unplug and restart the 

quad. Make sure it is motionless 

on level ground.

10 Flight Mode Switch

Check to make sure the transmitter 

flight mode switche is changing the 

flight mode indicated here.

In Tower, this is shown on the top 

right.

11 Battery Check

Always insert a new battery before every flight. A 

fully charged battery should read 4.1v (or more) 

per cell.

In Tower, these values are shown along the top 

right of the Flight Data view.

Loiter

NOTE: If using Tower, 

skip steps 7 &8
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The number of photographs on your SD card 

is the large number above. 

Each quarter-section requires roughly 350 

photographs. The smaller number on the 

lower left of the screen shows the maximum 

photos you can take. The battery life is shown 

on the lower right.

STEP 3. Camera Setup

1 Turn on the Camera

2 Check SD Card and Battery

Start the intervalometer by pushing the shutter button.

3 Start the Intervalometer

If using a laptop as your GCS, capture the time by aiming 

the camera at the Giant Clock in Field Extractor. 

If using an Android tablet, open the ‘Time Calibrator’ app 

and photograph the clock there. Afterwards, disengage the 

intervalometer, but DO NOT turn off the camera.

4 Record the Time

Turn the intervalometer on and mount the camera onto the 

Enduro.

5 Install the Camera
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STEP 4. Takeoff

Hold down this button until the light turns solid red.

1 Switch to Loiter Flight Mode

2 Hold Down the Red Safety Button on the Drone

Ensure you are in Loiter mode. 

Hold the left (throttle) stick to the bottom right for 5 seconds. 

The drone will emit an audible tone when armed. 

Propellers will start to spin shortly after.

3 Arm the Drone with the Transmitter

The quadcopter will not react untul the throttle exceeds 50%. 

In high winds, it may require up to 75%.

4 Increase Throttle Slowly Until 60%

Once the drone achieves a steady hover, switch to AUTO flight mode on the transmitter.

5 Switch to AUTO flight mode

SC switch in 

middle position

SC switch in 

down position

6

If you accidentally put the drone into Loiter mode, it will hover in place if 

the throttle is at 50%. If the throttle is set above or below 50%, the quad may 

suddenly gain or loose altitude.

Keep Throttle at 50% Durring Flight
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Monitor your flight. It is best to fly with two people so the work can be divided. One person should always watch the drone. The other should monitor the status in Mission Planner or Tower.

3.6 In-Flight Monitoring

Operator:

• Always watch the drone.

• Man the hand controller in case of emergency and for takeoff and landing.

Assistant:

• Watch for manned aircraft or other obstacles

• Man the GCS (Tablet or Laptop)

• Drone’s mission progress

• Battery voltage

• Airspeed

• Flight Mode

• Functionality warnings.
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3.7 In-Flight Adjustments

Here, we go through a few changes you can make to your flight plan while in flight. This will address 

skipping waypoints, and changing flight modes.

The most common reason for changing waypoints is if you need to bring your aircraft home mid-mission. 

In Tower, you cannot alter waypoints mid-flight. To change waypoints, you can alter them in Mission 

Editor and then reupload a new mission. If you pause the drone mid-flight to do this, it will start the new 

mission from the beginning once you switch back to Auto mode.

In MP, go to the ‘Set WP’ box. Select the waypoint # you want to change. Then press the ‘Set WP’ button. 

Your aircraft will go to that waypoint and finish out the mission from that point onward.

Waypoints

Should you ever need to pause your drone mid-mission, you can enter the ‘Loiter’ mode and it will hold 

in place (make sure your throttle is set to 50%!). With the Enduro, you can simply switch to Loiter on the 

hand controller, but this is also possible through the Flight Data display in Mission Planner or Tower.

In Tower, tap the flight mode indicator, ‘Auto’, at the top of the window and select ‘Loiter’ from the 

drop-down menu. Keep in mind that any input from the hand controller will override the flight mode from 

Tower, so make sure you also match this flight mode on your hand controller.

Flight Mode

In MP, go to the ‘Do Action’ box. Press the pull-down arrow and select ‘LOITER_UNLIM’. Then press 

the ‘Do Action’ button. To resume the mission, go to the ‘Set Mode’ box, press the pull-down arrow, 

select ‘AUTO’, and press the ‘Set Mode’ button.
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When the quad reaches 10m above ground on its landing descent, switch to Loiter mode so you can 

reposition the quad and land it manually.

A Switch to Loiter Mode

Use the Land switch to bring the quad to the ground and touchdown.

B Use the Land Swtich

Hold the throttle stick down and to the right to disarm the drone.

C Disarm

Ensure your hand controller is set to Loiter mode. Approach the drone and disengage the arming function by pressing down on the blinking red Safety button for 5 seconds. 

After this, you may unplug the drone’s batteries to turn it off.

D Lock Out and Turn Off.

After the Enduro lands and is disarmed, perform this post-flight safety procedure. This is also included in 

your Flight Logbook.

NOTE: As you become more familiar with this entire process, you will only need to refer to the checklists 

in the Flight Logbook. ALWAYS go through these checklists in order; do not rely on memory.

3.9 Post-Flight

3.8 Landing

On your GCS, disconnect from the drone.

A Disconnect

B Stop Cameras

Check the cameras to ensure they took photos. Then turn them off.

C Check Cameras

Inspect the drone for structural integrity. Check propellers, arm clips, and screws.

D Inspect Drone Structure

Stop the camera intervalometers
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

4 Imaging

This section describes how to collect images with your GoPro camera and process them through the Agribotix Farm Intelligence Portal. 

4.1 Basic Camera Operation

Your GoPro camera comes pre-set with a 2 second intervalometer as the default mode. You will need to 

adjust the time and date for your region. You may need to reconfigure these settings at some point. The 

following are instructions on how to operate your camera and reach the ideal settings.

mode

Press once to turn on. 

Press again to select different options 

on Camera Status Screen. 

Hold down to turn off.

After start-up, press once to start camera 

function. Red status light indicates photos 

being taken. If selecting options, press once 

to select.

In your GoPro’s standard configuration, 

press the shutter/select button once to start 

2-second time-lapse photography (intervalometer). Press it again to stop.

4.1 Basic Camera Operation

4.2 Date and Time

4.3 Time lapse

4.4 Record the Time

4.5 Field Extractor
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

4.2 Date and Time

In order to ensure best results for image processing, make sure your GCS and camera both have the same 

time and time zone set internally. There should be no more than 5 minutes difference between the two.

CAUTION

FOLLOW THESE DIRECTIONS

FOR THE GOPRO CAMERA

1

CHANGE THE 

TIME ZONE ON 

THE GROUND 

CONTROL 

STATION

2

In order to ensure best results for image processingw make sure your 

ground control station MGHSh and camera both have the same time 

and time zone set internallyY there should be no more than N minutes 

difference between the two?

To Set the MonthvFayvYearvTime;

D? Verify that the camera is in theSettings mode? If theSettings icon

[ ] does not appear on your camera status screenw press the

PowervModebutton [ ] repeatedly until it appears?

Z? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to enter theSettings

menu [ ]?

I? Use thePowervModebutton [ ] to cycle throughSettings to

locate theSetup menu [ ]?

R? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to enter theSet Up menu?

N? Use thePowervModebutton [ ] to locate the Monthv Fayv Yearv

Time menu [ ]?

U? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to enter Monthv Fayv Yearv

Time menuY Month MMM will be highlightedh?

k? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to access the list of months

MD to DZh?

G? Use thePowervModebutton [ ] to cycle through list until

desired selection is highlighted?

z? Press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to select?

D=? To advance to the next optionw press the ShuttervSelect

button [ ]?

DD? Repeat steps kw G and z to make selections for day MFFhw year MYYhw

hour MHHh and minutes MMMh?

DZ? To exitw hold down theShuttervSelect button [ ] for two

seconds or cycle through to [ ] and press theShuttervSelect

button [ ]?

From the [ ] screenw press theShuttervSelect button [ ] to exit

theSet Up menu?

Note: The GoPro 3+ will lose the correct time if it is without a battery for more than 2 hours. It is best to 

check the GoPro’s date and time setting before every flight.

If you are using a GoPro 4, it will not have this problem.
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

Make sure the camera is in ‘Time Lapse’ (intervalometer) mode with a 2 second interval.

Press the shutter button to test that the camera is taking pictures on this interval. Plug the GoPro into your 

GCS and verify the pictures are present.

4.3 Time Lapse

Default Start Mode

The default start mode of your camera should be ‘Time Lapse’. Here, we will refer to this as the intervalometer. This is the mode used to image agricultural fields. Agribotix will send your camera with this 

as the default setting. If you change it for some reason, follow these steps to make Time Lapse the default 

again...

 Setup Default Mode Time Lapse

In Time Lapse, 

select 2 seconds.

Your camera’s intervalometer will come pre-set to 2 seconds (one picture every 2 seconds). This is 

an ideal rate for agricultural imaging. If this is somehow changed, follow the steps below to return it 

to a 2-second rate. If you want to experiment with a different photo rate, please consult an Agribotix 

technician for help in getting the best results.

Time Lapse

When done, keep selecting 

to return to the start menu.

Intervalometer Rate

Select Settings

Settings
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

Important: You must take a picture of the GCS’s clock before flying a mission so Agribotix can syncronize 

the image time stamp with the flight log time. Skipping this step will make processing the images more 

difficult. After taking this image, you will turn off the intervalometer, but leave the camera on. Right 

before launch, turn the intervalometer on and install the camera into the plane. 

4.4 Recording the Time

The reason you must take this picture is because the cameras that come with your drone do not have an 

internal GPS. If you are using your own camera, talk to an Agribotix technician if you are unsure whether 

your camera has a GPS sensor or not. 

If using a Windows PC, open Field Extractor (Section 4.5) and click the ‘Clock’ tab (red circle). For now, 

ignore Field Extractor’s other functions.

Take a picture of this clock by starting your camera’s intervalometer. Afterwards, you may turn off the 

intervalometer, but do not turn off the camera between the time you take the picture of the clock and the 

time your camera is flown in your drone. Every time you turn your camera on or off, the time changes 

slightly by several dozen milliseconds.

test@test.com

If using an Android device, open the app ‘Time Calibrator’. Photograph the time here using the same 

procedure described above.
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

After your mission, extract the camera’s SD card and insert it into a Windows PC with Field Extractor 

installed. If you used Tower to plan your flight, connect your Android device to the same PC.

Field Extractor will extract the images from your SD card and the flight log from your Android device and 

combine them to create a geotagged image set.

Field Extractor can then be used to upload this image set to the Farm Intelligence Portal, where it can be 

converted into a variety of data products.

4.5 Field Extractor

Check our website for updates to this section at agribotix.com/using-field-extractor.

The Field Extractor program is used to upload imagery to the Agribotix cloud based server where individual pictures can be stitched together into large mosaics. New customers will need to register before 

downloading the field extractor software. 

Registration can be done at app.agribotix.com

If your registration has been approved, you can download the Field Extractor program from

app.agribotix.com under the ‘Downloads’ tab.

Continued next page...
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

The Android Icon at the bottom of the window (red circle) will indicate if Field Extractor detects an Android device by turning green.

The ‘History’ button (blue circle) will take you to the Farm Intelligence Portal to view your previous 

uploads.

‘Support’ (purple circle) takes you to an FAQ web page.

The Field Extractor interface has four windows.

The ‘Clock’ window (orange circle) simply displays a giant clock. This is recorded by your imaging cameras before a mission. This records the time offset used by Field Extractor to geotag your images.

The other three windows will be addressed as follows...

In Images, you can choose to upload photos from an SD card or from a folder on your PC. 

The four steps in Images (indicated along the top of the window) will take you through the process of 

preparing your photo set and then uploading it to the Agribotix Farm Intelligence Portal.

The Progress bar at the bottom will indicate any actions Field Extractor is performing, such as formattting 

or uploading images. This window will be readdressed in a few pages as we walk through the upload 

process.

A Images

test@test.com
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test@test.com

In Utilities, you can compress images so they are ready for upload without actually uploading them to the 

Farm Intelligence Portal. This is useful if you want to clear images off your SD card now and have them 

ready for upload later.

B Utilities
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

C Settings

In Settings, you can configure which folders Field Extractor will source it’s files from upon upload (right 

side). It will automatically select the default folders for Mission Planner log files (where the Tower files are 

also stored) and the pictures from your SD card, but this gives you the option to customize these folders.

You may also choose whether you want to compress your images on upload (red circle). For a normal 

photogrammetry survey, your images should always be compressed. For special circumstances, consult an 

Agribotix technician. 

Field Extractor will archive your image set on your PC when it prepares it for upload to the Farm Intelligence Portal. You can choose to have these stored in KMZ format so you can view them in Google Earth 

(blue circle). 

You can also sign out of your account (purple circle).

Finally, remember to save any changes you make (orange circle) before leaving this window.

test@test.com

test@test.com
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

test@test.com

D Flight Upload

Step 1: Choose Images

Back in the ‘Images’ window, the first step to upload a flight is select images from an SD card or from a 

folder on your PC. 

If you choose to take images from an SD card, Field Extractor will scan the card and identify the new images. Note that when Field Extractor takes images from an SD card, it will automatically erase them from that 

SD card and store them on your PC. The folder where it stores these can be changed in ‘Settings’.

If you choose to take images from a folder, use the ‘Browse’ button to search for the folder. When satisfied 

with your chosen photo set, hit ‘Next step’ at the bottom of the window.
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

test@test.com

test@test.com

Step 2: Time Sync

With your image set selected, you need to input the time which you recorded at the start of your flight.

Find the image in the set using the ‘Browse’ button. Once your image is found, you can zoom in with the 

scale tool to see it more clearly and click and drag the image to move it. 

When inputing the time, you must include the seconds as well, so it is in a 00:00:00 format.

When satisfied, hit ‘Next step’.

Step 3: Define Flight

Here, you need to identify the camera type you used for this image set.

By default, Field Extractor will name you flight according to the date and time from the flight log.

You can rename your flight and also leave comments for Agribotix technicians.
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

Step 4: Draw Location Boundaries

The final step is to draw the boundary of the area you want processed. This is the area for which you will 

incur processing fees. Only include the area that you want processed. It is ok to leave out portions of your 

photo set.

Start by finding your field. Click and drag to move the map. Use the tools on the left to zoom in and out or 

search for your location by name (red circle). The refresh icon (blue circle) will center your view on the 

marker which is taken from your flight log (orange circle).

At your field, you must choose from the ‘Locations’ drop-down menu (pink circle) whether to use a previously made field boundary (location) or to create a new one.

test@test.com

Continued next page...
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

test@test.com

Step 4 continued...

If you choose ‘Create New Location’, you will need to first name that location and designate who is the 

owner and what email addresses you would like the results forwarded to.

You will then see new icons on the left side of the window. 

The polygon icon (orange circle) will allow you to draw a boundary around your field area by clicking 

where you want the corner points to be. Click the original point to close the loop and finish the boundary.

The pencil and paper icon (pink circle) allows you to move existing corner points.

Use the trash can icon to delete your boundary area and start over.

When you are satisfied with your field area, click ‘Finish’.
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4. Imaging TOC 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. A FLB TT 

test@test.com

Completion:

Your upload will begin and you will be taken back to Step 1 of the Flight Upload procedure. Here, you 

can monitor your upload with the Progress bar at the bottom. The particular activity will be displayed in 

the lower left corner.

A number of hours after your upload is complete, you will recieve an email informing you your results are 

ready for viewing. This typically takes 3-4 business hours.
Confidential 61

TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. A FLB TT 5. Data

5 Data Applications

5.1 Data Types

5.2 Ground Truthing with PDF Maps

5.1 Data Types

RGB map (TIFF or KMZ)

NIR map (TIFF or KMZ)

NDVI Field Health Map (TIFF or KMZ)

Management Zone Map (SHP)

Agribotix data services can process your image sets into a number of different data types. Upon the 

completion of processing, you will recieve a notification email. At this point, you can sign into the Farm 

Intelligence Portal and view thumbnails of all your processed data. You will have the option to download 

the complete file in any of the available formats.

This is a regular color orthomosaic of your field, with no special processing. This is useful for 

comparing processed results, such as an NDVI image, with actual color to help assess problems.

This map shows your field’s reflection of the near-infrared wavelength, a strong indicator of 

vegetation health.

Your NIR orthomosaic is processed through the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) 

to accentuate the extremes of your field’s health range. This establishes a health scale relative to 

your field. You must ground truth this image to establish what these high and low extremes represent for your crop.

This is a vector map of your field derived from the NDVI Field Health Map. This is available as 

a shape file. This file type can be read by industry standard ag software. You can assign values to 

the range of field health zones derived from the NDVI. This file can then be used with automated 

machinery for Map-Based VRA (variable rate application).
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TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. A FLB TT 5. Data

5.2 Ground Truthing with PDF Maps

Download your maps from the Farm Intelligence Portal in the geotiff format.

Open PDF Maps on your Android device and select your map.

You need to ground truth your Field Health Maps to establish real-world values for their scales. When 

ground truthing, you need to be able to view your maps in the field. Download your maps onto your tablet 

and use the application PDF Maps to view your geolocated images.
Confidential 63

TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. A FLB TT 5. Data

If your tablet has a wifi or GPS link or a cellular data plan, you will 

be able to see your location on the map when in the field (blue dot).
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6. Batteries TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A FLB TT 

6 Batteries

6.1 Transmitter Charging

Your Taranis transmitter comes with a 100v - 240v power supply that plugs into a wall jack and should 

charge overnight.

6.1 Transmitter Charging

6.2 Camera Charging

6.3 Drone Batteries

6.4 Using the Voltage Tester

6.5 Bad Drone Batteries
Confidential 65

6. Batteries TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A FLB TT 

6.2 Camera Charging

The battery for the GoPro Hero3+ is charged while 

inside the camera. It charges with the USB cable that 

comes in your Agribotix Hornet kit. Make sure your 

battery is fully charged before a mission so that it does 

not die in the middle of your flight.
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6. Batteries TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A FLB TT 

6.3 Drone Batteries

The Hobby King Quattro 4x8 battery charger allows you to charge up to four batteries at the same time. 

Each of the four individual charging stations are numbered 1 through 4; Below the first charging station 

(1) is shown with a battery and balance adaptor plugged into it. In order to charge an additional three 

batteries on charging stations 2 through 4, simply follow the diagrams and instructions below. Steps 1-3 

show numbers for 3-cell 7.0A (7000mAh) Hornet drone batteries. Steps 4-8 show numbers for the 6-cell 

4000mAh quadcopter batteries. All steps are relevant to the charger operation.

2 9 8 3 St e rl in g Co u rt Bo u ld e r, CO 8 0 3 0 1

in f o@a g rib o t i x . c o m ( 7 2 0 ) 2 9 5 3 6 2 5

A G R I B O T I X

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture.

T M

DRONE BATTERIES AND THE CHARGING STATION

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

If this is correct, press & hold the start button for 3 seconds until you get a 

screen that looks like this one...the "confirm (enter)" will swith back and 

forth to "cancel(stop)." Go ahead and press the start button once more.

Li3S 3.5A 12.60V

CHG 000:39 00045

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY CHARGER

TO WALL

OUTLET

7.0A 3-Cell LITHIUM POLYMER 

(LiPo) BATTERY

BANANA PLUGS

Unplugging the banana plugs while 

they are still attached to the battery 

could result in a short circut that 

may destroy the battery; to prevent 

this, always leave the banana plugs

plugged into the battery charger.

WARNING:

BALANCE ADAPTER

START

ENTER

The Hobby King Quattro 4x6 battery charger allows you to charge up to four batteries at the same time. Each of the four

individual charging stations are numbered 1 through 4; Below the first charging station (1) is shown with a battery and 

balance adapter plugged into it. In order to charge an additional three batteries on charging stations 2 through 4, simply 

follow the diagrams and instructions below. Steps 1 to 3 show how to charge your 3-cell 7.0A (7000 mAh) Hornet drone 

batteries and steps 4 through 8 show how to change the settings in order to charge the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries

PROGRAM SELECT

 LiPo BATT

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

Next press the INC button untill you see

LiPo "BALANCE" then press the START

button.

LiPo BALANCE

40A 111V(3S) 

After pressing the START button, the Amp

(A) will start to flash...to increase the number

press INCto decrease it press DEC; you want

Press the BATT TYPE button to select 

the battery type; keep hitting this button

until you select a LiPo Battery, then press 

the START button. 

In the event you receive an error message, a new battery type, or a reset on the battery charger, follow these instructions

to reset your charger for your batteries. Numbers shown below are for the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 22.2V(6S)

Press START again so the 

lower right-hand text block 

is flashing; use INC and 

DEC to make it read 

Finally, press and hold the 

START button untill this 

screen appears confirming 

you entered all the 

information correctly. 

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

22.2V(6S) since the quadcopter battery is a 6-cell Battery.

When you see this screen press START again to begin 

hithbtt

A

1

2

3

B

4

5

6

7

8

At this point you will get a screen that looks like this letting you know the battery 

is charging in balance mode (BAL) and when it is finished, the charger will beep 

three times. Charging the battery in balance mode can take 80 to 100 minutes.

First, turn on the power supply box and make sure everything is plugged in

as shown below. Next, hit the 'INC." button and the blue screen should

read as it does here on the left there must be a 5.0A and 11.1V(3S)

INC.

ATUS

654321

Charge batteries only when they

can be observed. Do not charge

deformed shaped batteries. 

WARNING:

these may have black & red

wires or multi-colored wires.

either way, the far side with

the black wire always goes

into the plug above the minus

sign as shown below:

Hold this button 

down for 3 

seconds, do not 

press it quickly 

& let go

2 9 8 3 St e rl in g Co u rt Bo u ld e r, CO 8 0 3 0 1

in f o@a g rib o t i x . c o m ( 7 2 0 ) 2 9 5 3 6 2 5

A G R I B O T I X

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture.

T M

DRONE BATTERIES AND THE CHARGING STATION

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

If this is correct, press & hold the start button for 3 seconds until you get a 

screen that looks like this one...the "confirm (enter)" will swith back and 

forth to "cancel(stop)." Go ahead and press the start button once more.

Li3S 3.5A 12.60V

CHG 000:39 00045

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY CHARGER

TO WALL

OUTLET

7.0A 3-Cell LITHIUM POLYMER 

(LiPo) BATTERY

BANANA PLUGS

Unplugging the banana plugs while 

they are still attached to the battery 

could result in a short circut that 

may destroy the battery; to prevent 

this, always leave the banana plugs

plugged into the battery charger.

WARNING:

BALANCE ADAPTER

START

ENTER

The Hobby King Quattro 4x6 battery charger allows you to charge up to four batteries at the same time. Each of the four

individual charging stations are numbered 1 through 4; Below the first charging station (1) is shown with a battery and 

balance adapter plugged into it. In order to charge an additional three batteries on charging stations 2 through 4, simply 

follow the diagrams and instructions below. Steps 1 to 3 show how to charge your 3-cell 7.0A (7000 mAh) Hornet drone 

batteries and steps 4 through 8 show how to change the settings in order to charge the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries

PROGRAM SELECT

 LiPo BATT

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

Next press the INC button untill you see

LiPo "BALANCE" then press the START

button.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 11.1V(3S) 

After pressing the START button, the Amp

(A) will start to flash...to increase the number

press INC, to decrease it press DEC; you want

it to read 4.0 for your 4.0A (4000 mAh) battery.

Press the BATT TYPE button to select 

the battery type; keep hitting this button

until you select a LiPo Battery, then press 

the START button. 

In the event you receive an error message, a new battery type, or a reset on the battery charger, follow these instructions

to reset your charger for your batteries. Numbers shown below are for the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 22.2V(6S)

Press START again so the 

lower right-hand text block 

is flashing; use INC and 

DEC to make it read 

Finally, press and hold the 

START button untill this 

screen appears confirming 

you entered all the 

information correctly. 

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

22.2V(6S) since the quadcopter battery is a 6-cell Battery.

When you see this screen press START again to begin 

charging the battery.

A

1

2

3

B

4

5

6

7

8

v.1.5.4 COPYRIGHT © 2014 AGRIBOTIX LLC CONFIDENTIAL

33

At this point you will get a screen that looks like this letting you know the battery 

is charging in balance mode (BAL) and when it is finished, the charger will beep 

three times. Charging the battery in balance mode can take 80 to 100 minutes.

First, turn on the power supply box and make sure everything is plugged in

as shown below. Next, hit the 'INC." button and the blue screen should

read as it does here on the left there must be a 5.0A and 11.1V(3S)

INC.

ATUS

654321

Charge batteries only when they

can be observed. Do not charge

deformed shaped batteries. 

WARNING:

these may have black & red

wires or multi-colored wires.

either way, the far side with

the black wire always goes

into the plug above the minus

sign as shown below:

Hold this button 

down for 3 

seconds, do not 

press it quickly 

& let go

2 9 8 3 St e rl in g Co u rt Bo u ld e r, CO 8 0 3 0 1

in f o@a g rib o t i x . c o m ( 7 2 0 ) 2 9 5 3 6 2 5

A G R I B O T I X

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture.

T M

DRONE BATTERIES AND THE CHARGING STATION

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

If this is correct, press & hold the start button for 3 seconds until you get a 

screen that looks like this one...the "confirm (enter)" will swith back and 

forth to "cancel(stop)." Go ahead and press the start button once more.

Li3S 3.5A 12.60V

CHG 000:39 00045

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY CHARGER

TO WALL

OUTLET

7.0A 3-Cell LITHIUM POLYMER 

(LiPo) BATTERY

BANANA PLUGS

Unplugging the banana plugs while 

they are still attached to the battery 

could result in a short circut that 

may destroy the battery; to prevent 

this, always leave the banana plugs

plugged into the battery charger.

WARNING:

BALANCE ADAPTER

START

ENTER

The Hobby King Quattro 4x6 battery charger allows you to charge up to four batteries at the same time. Each of the four

individual charging stations are numbered 1 through 4; Below the first charging station (1) is shown with a battery and 

balance adapter plugged into it. In order to charge an additional three batteries on charging stations 2 through 4, simply 

follow the diagrams and instructions below. Steps 1 to 3 show how to charge your 3-cell 7.0A (7000 mAh) Hornet drone 

batteries and steps 4 through 8 show how to change the settings in order to charge the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries

PROGRAM SELECT

 LiPo BATT

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

Next press the INC button untill you see

LiPo "BALANCE" then press the START

button.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 11.1V(3S) 

After pressing the START button, the Amp

(A) will start to flash...to increase the number

press INC, to decrease it press DEC; you want

it to read 4.0 for your 4.0A (4000 mAh) battery.

Press the BATT TYPE button to select 

the battery type; keep hitting this button

until you select a LiPo Battery, then press 

the START button. 

In the event you receive an error message, a new battery type, or a reset on the battery charger, follow these instructions

to reset your charger for your batteries. Numbers shown below are for the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 22.2V(6S)

Press START again so the 

lower right-hand text block 

is flashing; use INC and 

DEC to make it read 

Finally, press and hold the 

START button untill this 

screen appears confirming 

you entered all the 

information correctly. 

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

22.2V(6S) since the quadcopter battery is a 6-cell Battery.

When you see this screen press START again to begin 

charging the battery.

A

1

2

3

B

4

5

6

7

8

v.1.5.4 COPYRIGHT © 2014 AGRIBOTIX LLC CONFIDENTIAL

33

At this point you will get a screen that looks like this letting you know the battery 

is charging in balance mode (BAL) and when it is finished, the charger will beep 

three times. Charging the battery in balance mode can take 80 to 100 minutes.

First, turn on the power supply box and make sure everything is plugged in

as shown below. Next, hit the 'INC." button and the blue screen should

read as it does here on the left there must be a 5.0A and 11.1V(3S)

INC.

ATUS

654321

Charge batteries only when they

can be observed. Do not charge

deformed shaped batteries. 

WARNING:

these may have black & red

wires or multi-colored wires.

either way, the far side with

the black wire always goes

into the plug above the minus

sign as shown below:

Hold this button 

down for 3 

seconds, do not 

press it quickly 

& let go

2 9 8 3 St e rl in g Co u rt Bo u ld e r, CO 8 0 3 0 1

in f o@a g rib o t i x . c o m ( 7 2 0 ) 2 9 5 3 6 2 5

A G R I B O T I X

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture.

T M

DRONE BATTERIES AND THE CHARGING STATION

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

If this is correct, press & hold the start button for 3 seconds until you get a 

screen that looks like this one...the "confirm (enter)" will swith back and 

forth to "cancel(stop)." Go ahead and press the start button once more.

Li3S 3.5A 12.60V

CHG 000:39 00045

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY CHARGER

TO WALL

OUTLET

7.0A 3-Cell LITHIUM POLYMER 

(LiPo) BATTERY

BANANA PLUGS

Unplugging the banana plugs while 

they are still attached to the battery 

could result in a short circut that 

may destroy the battery; to prevent 

this, always leave the banana plugs

plugged into the battery charger.

WARNING:

BALANCE ADAPTER

START

ENTER

The Hobby King Quattro 4x6 battery charger allows you to charge up to four batteries at the same time. Each of the four

individual charging stations are numbered 1 through 4; Below the first charging station (1) is shown with a battery and 

balance adapter plugged into it. In order to charge an additional three batteries on charging stations 2 through 4, simply 

follow the diagrams and instructions below. Steps 1 to 3 show how to charge your 3-cell 7.0A (7000 mAh) Hornet drone 

batteries and steps 4 through 8 show how to change the settings in order to charge the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries

PROGRAM SELECT

 LiPo BATT

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

Next press the INC button untill you see

LiPo "BALANCE" then press the START

button.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 11.1V(3S) 

After pressing the START button, the Amp

(A) will start to flash...to increase the number

press INC, to decrease it press DEC; you want

it to read 4.0 for your 4.0A (4000 mAh) battery.

Press the BATT TYPE button to select 

the battery type; keep hitting this button

until you select a LiPo Battery, then press 

the START button. 

In the event you receive an error message, a new battery type, or a reset on the battery charger, follow these instructions

to reset your charger for your batteries. Numbers shown below are for the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 22.2V(6S)

Press START again so the 

lower right-hand text block 

is flashing; use INC and 

DEC to make it read 

Finally, press and hold the 

START button untill this 

screen appears confirming 

you entered all the 

information correctly. 

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

22.2V(6S) since the quadcopter battery is a 6-cell Battery.

When you see this screen press START again to begin 

charging the battery.

A

1

2

3

B

4

5

6

7

8

v.1.5.4 COPYRIGHT © 2014 AGRIBOTIX LLC CONFIDENTIAL

33

At this point you will get a screen that looks like this letting you know the battery 

is charging in balance mode (BAL) and when it is finished, the charger will beep 

three times. Charging the battery in balance mode can take 80 to 100 minutes.

First, turn on the power supply box and make sure everything is plugged in

as shown below. Next, hit the 'INC." button and the blue screen should

read as it does here on the left there must be a 5.0A and 11.1V(3S)

INC.

ATUS

654321

Charge batteries only when they

can be observed. Do not charge

deformed shaped batteries. 

WARNING:

these may have black & red

wires or multi-colored wires.

either way, the far side with

the black wire always goes

into the plug above the minus

sign as shown below:

Hold this button 

down for 3 

seconds, do not 

press it quickly 

& let go

2 9 8 3 St e rl in g Co u rt Bo u ld e r, CO 8 0 3 0 1

in f o@a g rib o t i x . c o m ( 7 2 0 ) 2 9 5 3 6 2 5

A G R I B O T I X

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture.

T M

DRONE BATTERIES AND THE CHARGING STATION

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

If this is correct, press & hold the start button for 3 seconds until you get a 

screen that looks like this one...the "confirm (enter)" will swith back and 

forth to "cancel(stop)." Go ahead and press the start button once more.

Li3S 3.5A 12.60V

CHG 000:39 00045

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY CHARGER

TO WALL

OUTLET

7.0A 3-Cell LITHIUM POLYMER 

(LiPo) BATTERY

BANANA PLUGS

Unplugging the banana plugs while 

they are still attached to the battery 

could result in a short circut that 

may destroy the battery; to prevent 

this, always leave the banana plugs

plugged into the battery charger.

WARNING:

BALANCE ADAPTER

START

ENTER

The Hobby King Quattro 4x6 battery charger allows you to charge up to four batteries at the same time. Each of the four

individual charging stations are numbered 1 through 4; Below the first charging station (1) is shown with a battery and 

balance adapter plugged into it. In order to charge an additional three batteries on charging stations 2 through 4, simply 

follow the diagrams and instructions below. Steps 1 to 3 show how to charge your 3-cell 7.0A (7000 mAh) Hornet drone 

batteries and steps 4 through 8 show how to change the settings in order to charge the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries

PROGRAM SELECT

 LiPo BATT

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

Next press the INC button untill you see

LiPo "BALANCE" then press the START

button.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 11.1V(3S) 

After pressing the START button, the Amp

(A) will start to flash...to increase the number

press INC, to decrease it press DEC; you want

it to read 4.0 for your 4.0A (4000 mAh) battery.

Press the BATT TYPE button to select 

the battery type; keep hitting this button

until you select a LiPo Battery, then press 

the START button. 

In the event you receive an error message, a new battery type, or a reset on the battery charger, follow these instructions

to reset your charger for your batteries. Numbers shown below are for the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 22.2V(6S)

Press START again so the 

lower right-hand text block 

is flashing; use INC and 

DEC to make it read 

Finally, press and hold the 

START button untill this 

screen appears confirming 

you entered all the 

information correctly. 

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

22.2V(6S) since the quadcopter battery is a 6-cell Battery.

When you see this screen press START again to begin 

charging the battery.

A

1

2

3

B

4

5

6

7

8

v.1.5.4 COPYRIGHT © 2014 AGRIBOTIX LLC CONFIDENTIAL

33

At this point you will get a screen that looks like this letting you know the battery 

is charging in balance mode (BAL) and when it is finished, the charger will beep 

three times. Charging the battery in balance mode can take 80 to 100 minutes.

First, turn on the power supply box and make sure everything is plugged in

as shown below. Next, hit the 'INC." button and the blue screen should

read as it does here on the left there must be a 5.0A and 11.1V(3S)

INC.

ATUS

654321

Charge batteries only when they

can be observed. Do not charge

deformed shaped batteries. 

WARNING:

these may have black & red

wires or multi-colored wires.

either way, the far side with

the black wire always goes

into the plug above the minus

sign as shown below:

Hold this button 

down for 3 

seconds, do not 

press it quickly 

& let go

2 9 8 3 St e rl in g Co u rt Bo u ld e r, CO 8 0 3 0 1

in f o@a g rib o t i x . c o m ( 7 2 0 ) 2 9 5 3 6 2 5

A G R I B O T I X

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture.

T M

DRONE BATTERIES AND THE CHARGING STATION

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

If this is correct, press & hold the start button for 3 seconds until you get a 

screen that looks like this one...the "confirm (enter)" will swith back and 

forth to "cancel(stop)." Go ahead and press the start button once more.

Li3S 3.5A 12.60V

CHG 000:39 00045

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY CHARGER

TO WALL

OUTLET

7.0A 3-Cell LITHIUM POLYMER 

(LiPo) BATTERY

BANANA PLUGS

Unplugging the banana plugs while 

they are still attached to the battery 

could result in a short circut that 

may destroy the battery; to prevent 

this, always leave the banana plugs

plugged into the battery charger.

WARNING:

BALANCE ADAPTER

START

ENTER

The Hobby King Quattro 4x6 battery charger allows you to charge up to four batteries at the same time. Each of the four

individual charging stations are numbered 1 through 4; Below the first charging station (1) is shown with a battery and 

balance adapter plugged into it. In order to charge an additional three batteries on charging stations 2 through 4, simply 

follow the diagrams and instructions below. Steps 1 to 3 show how to charge your 3-cell 7.0A (7000 mAh) Hornet drone 

batteries and steps 4 through 8 show how to change the settings in order to charge the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries

PROGRAM SELECT

 LiPo BATT

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

Next press the INC button untill you see

LiPo "BALANCE" then press the START

button.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 11.1V(3S) 

After pressing the START button, the Amp

(A) will start to flash...to increase the number

press INC, to decrease it press DEC; you want

it to read 4.0 for your 4.0A (4000 mAh) battery.

Press the BATT TYPE button to select 

the battery type; keep hitting this button

until you select a LiPo Battery, then press 

the START button. 

In the event you receive an error message, a new battery type, or a reset on the battery charger, follow these instructions

to reset your charger for your batteries. Numbers shown below are for the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 22.2V(6S)

Press START again so the 

lower right-hand text block 

is flashing; use INC and 

DEC to make it read 

Finally, press and hold the 

START button untill this 

screen appears confirming 

you entered all the 

information correctly. 

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

22.2V(6S) since the quadcopter battery is a 6-cell Battery.

When you see this screen press START again to begin 

charging the battery.

A

1

2

3

B

4

5

6

7

8

v.1.5.4 COPYRIGHT © 2014 AGRIBOTIX LLC CONFIDENTIAL

33

At this point you will get a screen that looks like this letting you know the battery 

is charging in balance mode (BAL) and when it is finished, the charger will beep 

three times. Charging the battery in balance mode can take 80 to 100 minutes.

First, turn on the power supply box and make sure everything is plugged in

as shown below. Next, hit the 'INC." button and the blue screen should

read as it does here on the left there must be a 5.0A and 11.1V(3S)

INC.

ATUS

654321

Charge batteries only when they

can be observed. Do not charge

deformed shaped batteries. 

WARNING:

these may have black & red

wires or multi-colored wires.

either way, the far side with

the black wire always goes

into the plug above the minus

sign as shown below:

Hold this button 

down for 3 

seconds, do not 

press it quickly 

& let go

First, turn on the power supply box and make sure everyting is plugged 

in as shown below. Next, hit the “INC.” button and the blue screen 

should read as it does here on the left. There must be a 5.0A and 

11.1V(3S).

If this is correct, press & hold the start button for 3 seconds until 

you get a screen that looks like this one... the “confirm (entry)” will 

switch back and forth to “cancel(stop)”. Press the start button once 

more.

Hold the button 

down for 3 seconds (do not 

press quickly) 

and let go.

At this point, you will get a screen that looks like this (on the left), 

letting you know the battery is charging in balancee mode (BAL). 

When it is finished, the charger will beep three times. Charging the 

battery in balance mode can take 80 to 100 minutes.

BALANCE ADAPTOR:

These may have black 

and red wires or multicolored wires. Either way, 

the far side with the black 

wire always goes into the 

plug above the minus sign, 

as shown below:

2 9 8 3 St e rl in g Co u rt Bo u ld e r, CO 8 0 3 0 1

in f o@a g rib o t i x . c o m ( 7 2 0 ) 2 9 5 3 6 2 5

A G R I B O T I X

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture.

T M

DRONE BATTERIES AND THE CHARGING STATION

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

If this is correct, press & hold the start button for 3 seconds until you get a 

screen that looks like this one...the "confirm (enter)" will swith back and 

forth to "cancel(stop)." Go ahead and press the start button once more.

Li3S 3.5A 12.60V

CHG 000:39 00045

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY CHARGER

TO WALL

OUTLET

7.0A 3-Cell LITHIUM POLYMER 

(LiPo) BATTERY

BANANA PLUGS

Unplugging the banana plugs while 

they are still attached to the battery 

could result in a short circut that 

may destroy the battery; to prevent 

this, always leave the banana plugs

plugged into the battery charger.

WARNING:

BALANCE ADAPTER

START

ENTER

The Hobby King Quattro 4x6 battery charger allows you to charge up to four batteries at the same time. Each of the four

individual charging stations are numbered 1 through 4; Below the first charging station (1) is shown with a battery and 

balance adapter plugged into it. In order to charge an additional three batteries on charging stations 2 through 4, simply 

follow the diagrams and instructions below. Steps 1 to 3 show how to charge your 3-cell 7.0A (7000 mAh) Hornet drone 

batteries and steps 4 through 8 show how to change the settings in order to charge the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries

PROGRAM SELECT

 LiPo BATT

LiPo BALANCE

5.0A 11.1V(3S)

Next press the INC button untill you see

LiPo "BALANCE" then press the START

button.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 11.1V(3S) 

After pressing the START button, the Amp

(A) will start to flash...to increase the number

press INC, to decrease it press DEC; you want

it to read 4.0 for your 4.0A (4000 mAh) battery.

Press the BATT TYPE button to select 

the battery type; keep hitting this button

until you select a LiPo Battery, then press 

the START button. 

In the event you receive an error message, a new battery type, or a reset on the battery charger, follow these instructions

to reset your charger for your batteries. Numbers shown below are for the 6-cell 4000 mAh quadcopter batteries.

LiPo BALANCE

4.0A 22.2V(6S)

Press START again so the 

lower right-hand text block 

is flashing; use INC and 

DEC to make it read 

Finally, press and hold the 

START button untill this 

screen appears confirming 

you entered all the 

information correctly. 

R: 3SER S: 3SER

CONFIRM (ENTER)

22.2V(6S) since the quadcopter battery is a 6-cell Battery.

When you see this screen press START again to begin 

charging the battery.

A

1

2

3

B

4

5

6

7

8

v.1.5.4 COPYRIGHT © 2014 AGRIBOTIX LLC CONFIDENTIAL

33

At this point you will get a screen that looks like this letting you know the battery 

is charging in balance mode (BAL) and when it is finished, the charger will beep 

three times. Charging the battery in balance mode can take 80 to 100 minutes.

First, turn on the power supply box and make sure everything is plugged in

as shown below. Next, hit the 'INC." button and the blue screen should

read as it does here on the left there must be a 5.0A and 11.1V(3S)

INC.

ATUS

654321

Charge batteries only when they

can be observed. Do not charge

deformed shaped batteries. 

WARNING:

these may have black & red

wires or multi-colored wires.

either way, the far side with

the black wire always goes

into the plug above the minus

sign as shown below:

Hold this button 

down for 3 

seconds, do not 

press it quickly 

& let go

WARNING:

Unplugging the banana plugs while they are still 

attached to the battery could result in a short 

circuit that may destroy the battery. To prevent 

this, always leave the banana plugs plugged into 

the battery charger.

WARNING:

Charge batteries only when they can be observed. 

Do not charge deformed or damaged batteries.
Confidential 67

6. Batteries TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A FLB TT 

PROGRAM SELECT 4 LiPo BATT

LiPo BALANCE 5 5.0A 11.1V(3S)

LiPo BALANCE 6 4.0A 11.1V(3S) 

LiPo BALANCE 7 4.0A 22.2V(6S)

R: 3SER S: 3SER 8 CONFIRM (ENTER)

In the event you receive an error message, a new battery type, or a reset on the battery charger, follow 

these instructions to reset your charger for your batteries.

Press the BATT TYPE button to select the battery type. Keep 

hitting this button until you select a LiPo Battery, then press the 

START button.

Next, press the INC button until you see LiPo “BALANCE” then 

press the START button.

After pressing the START button, the Amp (A) will start to flash... 

To increase the number, press INC.

To decrease it, press DEC.

You want it to read 4.0 for your 4.0A (4000 mAh) battery.

Press START again so the lower right-hand text block is flashing. 

Use INC and DEC to make it read 22.2V (6S) since the quadcopter 

battery is a 6-cell Battery.

Finally, press and hold the START bitton until this screen appears, 

confirming that you entered all the information correctly. When you 

see this screen, press START again to begin charging the battery.
68 v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015

6. Batteries TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A FLB TT 

6.4 Using the Voltage Tester

Plug the votage tester into the balance connector. 

Make sure the black wire is on the outermost pin and 

the red wire on the innermost pin, starting from the left side.

The tester will beep to indicate it’s been correctly connected.

First, it will read “ALL” and show the total voltage of the 

battery pack.

Then, it will proceed to list the voltage of each individual cell.

For a fully charged battery, each cell should have at least 4.15v.

If a cell is below this, it should be charged.

The voltage of a cell should never drop below 3.0v.

Using the battery below this point can irreversibly damage it.
Confidential 69

6. Batteries TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A FLB TT 

A

Damaged batteries cannot be used for 

flying and must be properly discarded in 

accordance with local laws & regulations. 

Batteries torn open such as the one in image A are the most obvious examples.

C

B

Even batteries with slight disfiguration such as the one in image B must 

also be discarded.

The battery in image C is a swollen battery and must also be discarded. As shown below in image D, 

these batteries have convex outer surfaces. This can develop these in a short period of time or over a 

period of several weeks or even months. If your batteries begin to swell, take a picture and email it to 

your Agribotix technician. They can determine if the battery can still be used or must be discarded.

6.5 Bad Drone Batteries

D
A-70 v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

APPENDIX
Confidential A-71

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

Academy of Model Aeronautics National Model Aircraft Safety Code

Effective January 1, 2014 

A. GENERAL: A model aircraft is a non-human-carrying aircraft capable of sustained flight in the atmosphere. It may not exceed limitations of this code and is 

intended exclusively for sport, recreation, education and/or competition. All model flights must be conducted in accordance with this safety code and any 

additional rules specific to the flying site. 

1. Model aircraft will not be flown: 

(a) In a careless or reckless manner. 

(b) At a location where model aircraft activities are prohibited. 

2. Model aircraft pilots will: 

(a) Yield the right of way to all human-carrying aircraft. 

(b) See and avoid all aircraft and a spotter must be used when appropriate. (AMA Document #540-D.) 

(c) Not fly higher than approximately 400 feet above ground level within three (3) miles of an airport without notifying the airport operator. 

(d) Not interfere with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport or seaplane base except where there is a mixed use agreement. 

(e) Not exceed a takeoff weight, including fuel, of 55 pounds unless in compliance with the AMA Large Model Airplane program. (AMA Document 520-A.) 

(f) Ensure the aircraft is identified with the name and address or AMA number of the owner on the inside or affixed to the outside of the model aircraft. (This 

does not apply to model aircraft flown indoors.) 

(g) Not operate aircraft with metal-blade propellers or with gaseous boosts except for helicopters operated under the provisions of AMA Document #555. 

(h) Not operate model aircraft while under the influence of alcohol or while using any drug that could adversely affect the pilot’s ability to safely control the 

model. 

(i) Not operate model aircraft carrying pyrotechnic devices that explode or burn, or any device which propels a projectile or drops any object that creates a 

hazard to persons or property. 

Exceptions: 

 Free Flight fuses or devices that burn producing smoke and are securely attached to the model aircraft during flight. 

 Rocket motors (using solid propellant) up to a G-series size may be used provided they remain attached to the model during flight. Model rockets may 

be flown in accordance with the National Model Rocketry Safety Code but may not be launched from model aircraft. 

 Officially designated AMA Air Show Teams (AST) are authorized to use devices and practices as defined within the Team AMA Program Document. 

(AMA Document #718.) 

(j) Not operate a turbine-powered aircraft, unless in compliance with the AMA turbine regulations. (AMA Document #510-A.) 

3. Model aircraft will not be flown in AMA sanctioned events, air shows or model demonstrations unless: 

(a) The aircraft, control system and pilot skills have successfully demonstrated all maneuvers intended or anticipated prior to the specific event. 

(b) An inexperienced pilot is assisted by an experienced pilot. 

4. When and where required by rule, helmets must be properly worn and fastened. They must be OSHA, DOT, ANSI, SNELL or NOCSAE approved or comply 

with comparable standards. 

B. RADIO CONTROL (RC)

1. All pilots shall avoid flying directly over unprotected people, vessels, vehicles or structures and shall avoid endangerment of life and property of others. 

2. A successful radio equipment ground-range check in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations will be completed before the first flight of a new or 

repaired model aircraft. 

3. At all flying sites a safety line(s) must be established in front of which all flying takes place. (AMA Document #706.) 

(a) Only personnel associated with flying the model aircraft are allowed at or in front of the safety line. 

(b) At air shows or demonstrations, a straight safety line must be established. 

(c) An area away from the safety line must be maintained for spectators. 

(d) Intentional flying behind the safety line is prohibited. 

4. RC model aircraft must use the radio-control frequencies currently allowed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Only individuals properly 

licensed by the FCC are authorized to operate equipment on Amateur Band frequencies. 

5. RC model aircraft will not knowingly operate within three (3) miles of any pre-existing flying site without a frequency-management agreement. (AMA 

Documents #922 and #923.) 

6. With the exception of events flown under official AMA Competition Regulations, excluding takeoff and landing, no powered model may be flown outdoors 

closer than 25 feet to any individual, except for the pilot and the pilot's helper(s) located at the flightline. 

7. Under no circumstances may a pilot or other person touch an outdoor model aircraft in flight while it is still under power, except to divert it from striking an 

individual. 

8. RC night flying requires a lighting system providing the pilot with a clear view of the model’s attitude and orientation at all times. Hand-held illumination 

systems are inadequate for night flying operations. 

9. The pilot of an RC model aircraft shall: 

(a) Maintain control during the entire flight, maintaining visual contact without enhancement other than by corrective lenses prescribed for the pilot. 

(b) Fly using the assistance of a camera or First-Person View (FPV) only in accordance with the procedures outlined in AMA Document #550. 

(c) Fly using the assistance of autopilot or stabilization system only in accordance with the procedures outlined in AMA Document #560. 

C. FREE FLIGHT 

1. Must be at least 100 feet downwind of spectators and automobile parking when the model aircraft is launched. 

2. Launch area must be clear of all individuals except mechanics, officials, and other fliers. 

3. An effective device will be used to extinguish any fuse on the model aircraft after the fuse has completed its function. 

D. CONTROL LINE 

1. The complete control system (including the safety thong where applicable) must have an inspection and pull test prior to flying. 

2. The pull test will be in accordance with the current Competition Regulations for the applicable model aircraft category. 

3. Model aircraft not fitting a specific category shall use those pull-test requirements as indicated for Control Line Precision Aerobatics. 

4. The flying area must be clear of all utility wires or poles and a model aircraft will not be flown closer than 50 feet to any above-ground electric utility lines. 

5. The flying area must be clear of all nonessential participants and spectators before the engine is started.
A-72 v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

PAGE 1 OF 3 (Revision 01/14/2013)

AMA Document # 560

Academy of Model Aeronautics

AMA Advanced Flight Systems Committee

amaflightsystems@gmail.com

Radio Controlled Model Aircraft Operation

Utilizing Failsafe, Stabilization and Autopilot Systems

1. DEFINITION OF TERMS:

Please refer to Page 3, section 7 which contains an alphabetical listing of the definitions of the 

terms in italics that are used in this document.

2. GENERAL:

All model aircraft flights utilizing stabilization and autopilot control systems must be conducted 

in accordance with AMA’s current National Model Aircraft Safety Code and any additional rules 

specific to a flying site/location.

3. OPERATIONS – REQUIREMENTS – LIMITATIONS:

a) AMA members flying radio controlled model aircraft equipped with flight stabilization and

autopilot systems must maintain VLOS with the aircraft at all times including programmed

autopilot waypoint flight.

b) AMA Pilots must be able to instantaneously deactivate programmed flight of autopilot

systems at any time during flight and resume manual control of the model aircraft.

c) AMA Pilots must perform an R/C Test Flight of a model aircraft before activating a newly

installed autopilot or stabilization system and/or after any repairs or replacement of model 

aircraft essential flight systems.

d) Model aircraft exceeding 15lbs and/or 70mph may only use an autopilot for a programmed

“return to launch” (RTL) flight and not for programmed waypoint flying of a predetermined

course.

e) STABILIZATION & AUTOPILOT SYSTEMS MAY BE USED FOR/TO:

• Stabilization/automatically stabilize aircraft to level flight when control sticks are centered.

• Recovery/activate TRX switch to recover an out of control aircraft to level flight.

• Heading/activate TRX switch to hold a model aircraft’s heading for precision flight path.

• Altitude/activate TRX switch to maintain fixed aircraft altitude while allowing directional control.

• Return GPS/activate TRX switch to return aircraft via GPS to launch point.

• Return FSS/failsafe activated from radio signal loss to return aircraft via GPS to launch point.

• Fixed circle/activate TRX switch to circle aircraft at point of activation at fixed altitude.

• Waypoint/activate TRX switch to initiate an autopilot programmed flight path via waypoints.

• Fencing/autopilot programed to display site unique boundaries on video monitor/goggles.

item 7. It
Confidential A-73

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

PAGE 2 OF 3 (Revision 01/14/2013)

4. RANGE – ALTITUDE – WEIGHT – SPEED:

a) One of the requirements in Federal Law (Public Law 112-95 Sec 336 (c) (2) February 14,

2012) for model aircraft to be excluded from FAA regulations is that model aircraft be 

flown within VLOS of the operator.

b) Model aircraft must be flown at or below 400 feet AGL when within 3 miles of an airport as

stated in the AMA Safety Code.

c) Model aircraft utilizing an autopilot for waypoint flying are limited to a maximum weight

(including fuel, batteries, and onboard autopilot systems) of 15lbs and a speed of

70mph.

5. RECOMMENDATIONS & INFORMATION:

a) If your radio system lacks failsafe capability, consider using programmable digital servos or

auxiliary failsafe modules. In the event of a radio signal failure these components will

activate desired safe servo settings or an autopilot for return to base/launch (RTL).

b) When using an autopilot system the “return to launch” (RTL) feature should be

programmed to return the aircraft to a safe location and safely terminate the flight should

manual control of the aircraft be lost. When using RTL, pay particular attention to the 

manufacturer’s throttle recommendations to prevent stalling.

c) The use of stabilization systems is recommended when flying FPV to improve flight

stability and video quality.

d) Pilots usually choose to incorporate stabilization and autopilot systems for model aircraft

flying to enhance flight performance, correct bad tendencies of the model aircraft,

maintain stability in windy weather, establish precision heading holds for 

takeoffs/landings, flight training for novice pilots, create a steady flight platform for 

cameras, and generally just to make an airplane easier and safer to fly.

e) When purchasing stabilization and autopilot systems, always try to select quality equipment

from reputable dealers, ensure for compatibility with other onboard systems, and install 

components according to manufacturers’ instructions.

6. PRIVACY PROTECTION SAFEGUARDS:

The use of imaging technology for aerial surveillance with radio control model aircraft

having the capability of obtaining high-resolution photographs and/or video, or using any 

types of sensors, for the collection, retention, or dissemination of surveillance data or 

information on individuals, homes, businesses, or property at locations where there is

a reasonable expectation of privacy is strictly prohibited by the AMA unless written 

expressed permission is obtained from the individual property owners or managers.
A-74 v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

PAGE 3 OF 3 (Revision 07/20/2013)

7. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS:

AMA Pilot is an AMA member who is capable of manually operating an R/C transmitter to 

control a model aircraft’s flight path within its safe intended flight envelope without losing

control or having a collision.

Autopilot Systems incorporate programmable flight stabilization with an altitude sensor and

a GPS receiver for accurate positioning and to navigate/control a radio controlled model

aircraft’s flight path. Advanced systems offer software for entering navigable waypoints. The

flight data waypoints may be saved to autopilot’s/GPS memory for programmed flight.

Essential Flight Systems are any systems or components necessary to maintain 

stable flight within a model aircraft’s flight envelope. (This includes primary R/C systems 

and any stabilization or gyros required to maintain stability and heading in certain

types of model aircraft that would be uncontrollable/unstable without their use).

Failsafe Systems are designed to minimize or prevent damage and safely terminate a

flight when a radio controlled model aircraft loses radio signal. Modern radio systems can

be programmed to position servos to a desired control setting in the event of radio signal 

failure.

First Person View (FPV) refers to the operation of a radio controlled (R/C) model aircraft 

using an onboard camera’s cockpit view to orient and control the aircraft. (AMA Document 

#550).

Flight Envelope is defined as the range of airspeeds, attitudes and flight maneuvers which 

a model aircraft can safely perform/operate for its intended use.

Non-Essential Flight Systems are any systems or components that are not necessary to 

maintain stable flight within the model aircraft’s intended flight envelope. (This includes

autopilot or stabilization systems that can be activated and deactivated in flight by the pilot 

without affecting manually controlled stable flight).

R/C Test Flight requires an AMA Pilot to manually operate an R/C transmitter to control

a model aircraft’s flight path and determine if the aircraft is capable of maintaining stable 

flight within its safe intended flight envelope.

Stabilization Systems are designed to maintain intended model aircraft flight attitudes. 

The pilot can install, program and/or activate a system to stabilize yaw, pitch, or roll or any 

one attitude or combination of attitudes. Systems are often based on rate/heading hold 

gyros or inertial motion sensors utilizing multi-axis gyros and accelerometers for

attitude stabilization.

Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) is the distance at which the pilot is able to maintain visual

contact with the aircraft and determine its orientation and attitude without enhancements 

other than corrective lenses.
Confidential A-75

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

Example Aeronautical Chart

206 W. WASHINGTON AVENUE CARROLLTON, MO 64633

Phone 660-542-1414

Manager: DAVE HEDDINGS Phone 660-631-0868

ALT PHONE 660-542-0518 (JIM EVANS).

CARROLLTON MEMORIAL AIRPORT (K26)

Manager/ Owner: TOM DOLPHIN 42938 W. 64th STREET

HENRIETTA, MO 64036 Phone 816-290-5415

LEXINGTON AIRPORT (4K3)

Manager/ Owner: CITY OF HIGGINSVILLE

1167 AIRPORT ROAD HIGGINSVILLE, MO 64037

Phone 660-584-3339

HIGGINSVILLE INDUSTRIAL 

MUNICIPAL AIRPORT (HIG)

Manager: MUNICIPAL SERVICE DEPT

1277 S. ODELL MARSHALL, MO 65340

Phone 660-886-9855

MARSHALL MEMORIAL AIRPORT (MHL)

LOCAL AIRFIELDS

source: www.airnav.com/airport

source: www.skyvector.com

MAP LEGEND

AIRSTRIP

3 MILE RADIUS OF 

RESTRICTED AIRSPACE 

ADDITIONAL

RESTRICTED

AIRSPACE

FAA Advisory Circular 

(AC) 91-57requires all 

operators of RC aircraft 

(and by extension small 

unmaned drones) to 

notify the airport 

operator when flying 

within three miles of an 

airport. Local airports 

and their respective 

contact information are 

shown here. 

Additionally, Agribotix 

strongly advises 

notifying all crop

-dusting service

providers known to 

operate in the vicinity

of unmanned aircraft 

systems. 

POWER LINES

COMMUNICATION

TOWER

0 3 6

SCALE: (miles)

CLASS E AIRSPACE 

BEGINS AT 700ft (214m) 

ABOVE GROUND LEVEL
A-76 v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

Using the Safety Fuse

The safety fuse is set in the circuit between the batteries and flight controller. The fuse will restrict the 

motors from spinning up if you accidentally arm the 

drone. Use this when you want to connect to your 

drone, but not arm it.

Be sure to remove this fuse before attempting to arm your drone.
Confidential A-77

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

Trouble Shooting

Mission Planner and Field 

Extractor won’t work on 

my Mac

Problem Likely Cause Solution

‘Bad Gyro Health’, 

‘Bad Compass Health’ 

or ‘Bad AHRS’ 

in the Flight Data Window

Sun or heat exposure

Movement during start-up 

sequence:

Only works with Windows

Works poorly with software 

like Parallels and VMware 

Fusion

Try Bootcamp.

Get Windows.

Do not expose the drone’s 

internal electronics to any heat 

sources. Direct sunlight or a 

major heat source can overheat 

the electronics and disrupt the 

compass, gyro, and airspeed 

sensors.

Your drone calibrates all its 

sensors during the first 30 

seconds after you plug in it’s 

battery. Motion or an un-level 

starting location can corrupt 

this calibration or fail it completely.

Insufficient compass localization. You must localize your 

drone’s internal compass to 

your geographic region.

When plugging in the drone’s 

battery, ensure it is on a level 

surface. Do not move the drone 

for the first minute after it is 

plugged in.

If problems persist, you may 

need to re-upload the firmware 

to the drone’s autopilot. Please 

consult an Agribotix technician 

before doing this.

View page 66 for instruction 

on how to calibrate the compass.
A-78 v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

Terms

The GCS (Ground Control Station) is either the laptop or tablet provided in your Agribotix drone kit. The GCS is used to plan missions, monitor and 

change missions in progress, and process your images after the flight is complete.

The program on the GCS tablet used to plan and monitor missions. This program is provided and supported by 3DR.

The program on your GCS laptop or tablet that transfers photographs from your camera’s SD card to the online Agribotix Farm Intelligence Portal for 

image stitching and processing. This program is provided and supported by Agribotix.

The online portal through which you can view and download your orthomosaics processed by Agribotix.

The flight controller model used by Agribotix drones. This model is provided and supported by 3DR.

The computer onboard your drone. This computer communicates with the GCS, flies the drone and records flight data.

The preset path followed by the drone during a mission.

The unit used to quantify LiPo battery capacity.

A reference point in physical space used for navigation. These are created in Mission Planner. The drone follows these waypoints on its flight path.

A reference point for the drone to fly to in emergency situations. Unlike a waypoint, the drone will maintain its postition around a rally point until 

instructed otherwise. It will simply pass through a regular waypoint.

In this manual, ‘transmitter’ usually refers to the hand controller used to change flights modes and manually control your drone. However, anything 

that sends a radio signal is a transmitter.

A waypooint for the purpose of orienting the drone for a takeoff or landing.

The automatic monitoring and transmitting of the drone’s status to the GCS. This provides airspeed, location, altitude, etc...

The program on the GCS laptop computer used to plan and monitor missions. This program is provided and supported by 3DR.

(Near Infrared) A light frequency strongly reflected by healthy vegetation. This is detected by Agribotix modified NIR cameras.

A sensor that detects airspeed. This is located on the nose of the Hornet drone.

A flight with a specific purpose. In your case, usually for imaging a field.

The process by which the drone flies a route over a field, taking photographs.

The product of image stitching. For your purposes, this is the complete image of your field after it has been processed by the Farm Intelligence Portal.

The process by which many geolocated images are stitched together into one complete image, an orthomosaic.

NIR

Layup Waypoint

Waypoint

Trajectory

Farm Intelligence Portal

Field Extractor

Tower

Mission Planner

GCS

Mission

Orthomosaic

Image Stitching

Imaging

mAh

Transmitter

Pixhawk

Flight Controller

Pitot Tube

Telemetry

Rally Point

The science of making precise measurements from photographs. In the context of your survey drone, the term is similar in meaning to ‘imaging’.

Photogrammetry
Confidential A-79

Appendix TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. FLB TT 

BEST

WORST

RASTER FALSE COLOR INDEX MAP

GeoTIFF (.tiff) Format

BEST

WORST

VECTOR FALSE COLOR MANAGEMENT ZONE MAP

Shapefile (.shp) Format

CROP HEALTH REPORT

MANAGEMENT ZONE REPORT

p 
2983 Sterling Court

 Boulder, CO 80301

info@agribotix.com 

(720) 295 3625

TM

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture

AGRIBOTIX

v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 CONFIDENTIAL
FLIGHT LOGBOOK

2983 Sterling Court

 Boulder, CO 80301

info@agribotix.com 

(720) 295 3625

v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 Confidential

ENDURO VERSION 2.2

TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A TT 
v 2.2.1 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 2 Confidential 

PRE-FLIGHT CHECKLIST

1. Create Mission

• Takeoff: 30m or above the highest obstacle

2. Physical check

• Prop blades tight, no cracks

• Motor mounts secure

• Arm clips secure

• GPS mast secure

3. Turn on the transmitter: confirm settings: 

Loiter on, RTL off, Throttle off

4. Place the drone on the ground at the takeoff location

5. Test the battery voltage ( >4.1V for each cell)

6. Install the drone batteries and connect to the power bus

7. Wait for the audible tone and the solid green LED light

8. Connect drone to the GCS via telemetry 

5. MP only: reset home location

6. Upload mission to the Enduro

7. Ensure success by clearing mission and reading back from drone

8. MP only: ‘Preflight Calibration’ and ‘Restart Mission’ 

7. Record time with cameras

8. Mount cameras and start intervalometers

9. Press blinking red safety button. It will turn red

10. Arm and Takeoff. Switch to Auto at ~10m

If problems occur with preflight sequence:

1. Disconnect drone battery

2. Wait 20 seconds

3. Go to step 6 above
v 2.2.1 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 3 Confidential

POST-FLIGHT CHECKLIST

1. Landing: 

• Switch to Loiter at ~5m off the ground

• Land the quad slowly

• Zero throttle on the ground and hold up Land switch

• Wait for disarm tone from drone. GCS indicates disarmed

2. Disconnect the batteries.

3. Stop the camera intervalometers and confirm photos were taken.

4. Inspect props, arm clips, landing gear for any damage.

1. Enduro drone.

2. RC transmitter with charged batteries.

3. GCS with charged batteries and pre-fetched maps.

4. Ground telemetry radio, USB cable, and mast.

5. Charged flight batteries.

6. Cameras with charged batteries and room on the SD cards.

7. GSC sun shield.

8. Spare props.

9. Tools and spares.

Optional for field charging: 

10. Battery charger with alligator clips to charge from your vehicle 

 battery.

11. AC inverter

12. Computer power supply

13. USB power supply and cables for the cameras

PACKING LIST
v 2.2.1 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 4 Confidential 

FLIGHT MODE REFERENCE GUIDE

NORMAL FLIGHT (non-emergancy)

SF and SH switches towards back of 

transmitter

Front side of 

transmitter

LOITER

SC Switch MIDDLE or UP: This flight mode automatically 

attempts to maintain the current location, heading, and 

altitude. The pilot may fly the copter in Loiter mode as if it 

were in manual. Releasing the sticks will continue to hold 

position.

SC switch in 

up position

SC switch in 

middle position
v 2.2.1 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 5 Confidential FLIGHT MODE REFERENCE GUIDE

SF

SF SH

AUTO

SC Switch DOWN: In Auto mode, the copter will follow a 

pre-programmed miussion script stored in the autopilot, 

which is made up of navigation commands, i.e. waypoints.

RETURN TO LAUNCH (RTL)

Move the SF switch toward the front of the transmitter.

LAND

SF and SH switches towards back of transmitter and 

HOLD it or else it will return to normal flight. This will 

cause the drone to land in place where it is currently.

WARNING: Moving the aircraft while in auto mode can 

trigger the propeller to start 

spinning without warning. 

Always take the aircaft out of 

Auto mode before handling.

SC switch in 

down position

Front side of 

transmitter
v 2.2.1 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 6 Confidential 

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

FLIGHT MODE LOITER

Change the flight mode to Loiter and the drone will stop 

all horizontal movement.

1

Middle position

THROTTLE DOWN

Move the left transmitter 

(throttle) stick down and 

the drone will descend at 

its maximum descent rate. 

If the drone is visible, put 

the throttle in the middle 

position when a safe 

altitude is reached. Use 

the altitude indicator on the 

GCS to verify height above 

ground level.

Leaving the stick down 

indefinitely will elad to a 

rough landing.

Switch to EMERGENCY 

LAND flight mode to land.

2

IF MANNED AIRCRAFT APPROACHES
v 2.2.1 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 7 Confidential EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

IF GCS LOSES TELEMETRY SIGNAL

FINISH MISSION IN 

AUTO FLIGHT MODE

The safest course of action is to allow the drone to finish 

it’s mission as long as no dangers arise. Monitor the 

drone visually as best you can.

1

IF MANNED AIRCRAFT APPROACHES

Follow the procedures described on the previous page in 

‘IF MANNED AIRCAFT APPROACHES’.

2

a

1b TRIGGER RTL
v 2.2.1 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 8 Confidential EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

IF THE TRANSMITTER LOSES SIGNAL

TRY TO RECONNECT

Often, simply raising the RC Tx above your head will regain 

the signal.

1

CHANGE ALTITUDE TO ZERO

If there is an airspace conflict while Tx signal is lost, use the 

GCS to switch to Loiter mode. 

In MP, use the Change Alt button to bring the quad to a low 

altitude.

In Tower change the flight mode to Land.

4

OTHER OPTIONS

You have access to RTL, Loiter, Land and other modes 

through your GCS telemetry connection. Use the GCS to 

change flight modes.

3

CONTINUE MISSION IF POSSIBLE

Your drone will complete it’s mission in Auto without any RC 

Tx signal. Leave the Tx in Auto mode so the drone will not be 

interrupted if the signal is reacquired.

2
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TRAINING TUTORIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

Actionable intelligence for precision agriculture

AgribotixTM 2983 Sterling Court

 Boulder, CO 80301

info@agribotix.com 

(720) 295 3625

v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015

ENDURO VERSION 2.2

TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB 
2

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TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB 

v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 

The following lessons help a new user learn to safely fly the Enduro Quad and 

conduct photogrammetry missions.

Before starting, you should have a good look through the User Manual, paying 

particular attention to the Pre-Flight Checklist on page 2 of the Flight Logbook and illustrated beginning on page 40 or the User Manual.

Next, work through the following lessons and, if you are a visual learner, watch 

the accompanying videos on the Agribotix Youtube channel.

Progress through these lessons in order and don’t be in a hurry. If possible work 

with an assistant. It’s better to have two heads in the beginning because there’s a 

lot to keep track of. Refer to the list of terms on page 78 of the User Manual.

Lesson 1. Safety

Safety should be your top priority when flying aircraft. There are three primary 

areas where you can hurt yourself or others with a quadcopter: propellers, batteries, and airspace. Review the safety material beginning on page 4 of the User 

Manual.
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 Localize and set up the Enduro. page 8 of the User Manual.

 Find a good take-off/ landing location. page 36 of the User Manual.

Place the quad in a “forward facing” configuration so that the front is always 

away from you. The arrow on the GPS antenna shows the quad’s direction. 

In this configuration, the stick directions will be intuitive (forward control 

stick = forward motion, right = right, etc).

Check the battery voltages of a pair of your batteries with the voltage tester. 

Always do this step before every flight. Partially charged batteries look 

exactly like fully charged batteries. And quadcopters do not fall gracefully 

when they run out of fuel.

Turn on the RC transmitter. Check the switch positions and ensure they are 

as noted below. User Manual page 34

- Flight Mode: Loiter

- RTL: off

- Throttle: off

- Note that most of the switches on the transmitter are disabled.

With the Enduro on level ground, connect both batteries to the power bus.

The Enduro will immediately go through it’s power-on IMU calibration 

procedure. Do not move the quad during this process. This takes about one 

minute. Note both the power-up sounds and the light sequence on the mode 

LED on the quad. The LED will blink green when the quad has a GPS lock. 

Press the red blinking Safety Button. The button will turn solid red. Note the 

sound.

Lesson 2. Set Up the Enduro

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

For your first flights, GO SLOW! Keep your stick inputs gentle and keep 

the speed down. Once you get about ten flights down, you can be a bit more

aggressive, but for now, go easy.
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Walk away a safe distance, about 20 feet, from the quad.

Arm the quad with the transmitter. The motors should spin up a bit to indicate the quad is armed, but it won’t take off. (page 44)

Re-confirm that you are in Loiter mode.

Move the throttle stick up about 20 - 40%. Make sure all the motors are 

spinning approximately the same speed.

Smoothly and quickly, move the Throttle to about 60 %. The quad will rise 

in the air. When it reaches about 15 feet high, move the Throttle back to 

50%. The quad will hold its altitude and position. Take a deep breath!

Experiment with small movements of the throttle, bringing the quad up and 

down. Take the quad up about 20m and note the maximum rate of ascent and 

descent in Loiter mode with 0% and 100% throttle. The quad is capable of 

rising and falling much faster than this, but Loiter mode keeps guardrails in 

place (this is a good thing...).

Lower the Throttle and slowly land the quad. Zero the Throttle once on the 

ground and hold up the land switch to disarm the quad. (page 47)

Repeat this process at least three times until you are comfortable with it.

Lesson 3. Simple Takeoff and Landing

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

Before flying the quad, make sure that you have the RC transmitter switch functions memorized cold (page 34). If things go bad in the air, they go bad fast. 

You won’t have time to be reading labels or trying to remember which switch 

does what. Note that many of the switches on the transmitter are disabled.

These early lessons should go smoothly, but the Enduro has a “get out of jail 

card” if you ever get into trouble. Throw the RTL switch and it will automatically come to the takeoff location and land itself. We’ll drill this in Lesson 6, 

but for now, use it any time you get into hot water.

The point of Lessons 3 to 7 is to get you comfortable with manually flying 

the quad. When you finish these lessons you’ll have no problem taking over 

manual control of the craft if your auto mission encounters trouble (e.g., you 

accidentally programmed a mission that will encounter a fixed obstacle like a 

power line).”
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In Loiter mode, get the quad about 25 feet off the ground. Put the Throttle at 

50% and experiment with the Pitch, Roll and Yaw controls (below image). 

Use small motions first and increase the stick inputs as you gain confidence. 

If you let the sticks go to their spring-return positions, the quad should hold 

steady.

Practice Pitch and Roll inputs with the airframe pointed in various yaw attitudes. Do this with the craft close by so you can see the front, but imagine 

doing it when it is so far away that you have no visual indication of the yaw 

attitude. Become comfortable with determining the yaw attitude 

(orientation) by only moving the Pitch and Roll stick.

Move the quad about 100 feet away, so you can’t visually determine the yaw 

attitude. At this distance, make sure you can do the process in the previous 

step.

Land the quad as close to your takeoff position as possible.

Repeat this lesson three times.

Lesson 4. Pitch, Roll, and Yaw

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

Pitch

L/R Cyclic Roll
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TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB 

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To increase your comfort level with the sticks, try flying the quad like a 

plane. That is, get a little forward speed with the Pitch control and use the 

Roll and Yaw sticks jointly to make coordinated turns. Try making figure 

eights. As you gain confidence, fly the quad headed directly toward you 

to make sure you can maintain spatial orientation when left and right are 

swapped. Remember: if you get disoriented in this lesson, just release the 

sticks with the Throttle at 50%.

In Loiter mode, fly the quad about 100 feet away and about 50 feet high.

Throw the RTL switch on the transmitter (page 34).

The quad should come in for a landing very close (within a few yards) of 

your takeoff location. 

GPS isn’t perfect, so do an RTL drill where you imagine that your landing 

point will be on an obstacle like tall grass or a ditch. About 10 feet off the 

ground, switch to Loiter mode. Now, move the quad laterally and land at a 

good spot using your skills from Lesson 4.

When you take manual control from any automatic mode, the quad orientation may not be “facing forward”. Use your skills from Lesson 4 to yaw the 

craft into facing forward orientation.

You’ll note the first part of the RTL descent always looks a bit dodgy - 

unlike single-rotor helicopters, quads are not able to descend rapidly in a 

graceful manner. Not to worry; At about 10 feet off the ground, the Enduro 

will slow down and the final landing will be smooth.

Zero out the Throttle and you will hear the quad’s disarm tone.

Repeat the RTL drill a few times until you are comfortable with it.

Lesson 5. Fly Like a Plane

A.

Lesson 6. Return to Launch (RTL)

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.
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To prepare yourself for Lesson 11, practice using the Land switch.

About 50 feet off the ground, go to Loiter mode if you aren’t already there. 

Confirm that the Throttle is at 50%.

Hold the spring-loaded Land switch up. The quad will descend at the same 

speed as it did in RTL.

Come all the way to the ground in this mode. Zero the throttle. The quad 

will automatically disarm.

Repeat the process, but release the switch at about 10 feet and you’ll be back 

in Loiter.

Lesson 7. Land Switch

Once you’ve completed Lessons 1 - 7, you’ll be quite comfortable with flying 

the quad manually. Drill frequently to keep your skills current!

Fully Auto or Not? As you’ll soon see, your Enduro is capable of fully 

automatic operation - one button press or switch throw is all you need to do 

and the flight controller does everything else. But should you do this? At 

Agribotix, we recommend that you do all your takeoff and landings manually 

to keep your stick skills current. That way, when a problem occurs in flight 

(e.g. you accidentally planned a mission that encountered an obstacle like a 

power line) you’ll be ready and able to take over manual control in an instant. 

And besides, it’s more fun to fly it yourself!

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.
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Before launching, get a good idea of where the craft will be heading for all 

its waypoints (e.g. northeast about 200 yards, then west...). You don’t want 

any surprises when the autopilot takes over.

In Loiter mode, takeoff and rise to about 15 feet.

Throw the Mode switch to Auto (page 34)

Keep the throttle at 50% so when/if you switch to Loiter mode, the quad will 

hold it’s altitude.

You must keep your eyes on the quad throughout it’s mission. Your assistant should watch the Ground Control Station screen and call out the quad’s 

status to you periodically.

If you are flying alone, you can turn on the voice feature in Mission Planner 

(Config/Tuning > Speech > Enable Speech and check all desired indications)

After the quad has hit all the waypoints, it will automatically execute RTL 

and land.

Zero the throttle and the quad will automatically disarm.

Now, repeat the process, but switch to Auto on the ground before takeoff. 

The quad will now takeoff automatically and begin it’s mission. In this drill, 

put the quad into Loiter mode when it reaches 10 feet off the ground on it’s 

landing approach. Land it manually.

Refer to Manual Section 2 : Planning. Create a very simple mission about 200 

feet with a takeoff, a few waypoints, and a landing. Upload this mission to the 

quad.

Lesson 8. Create and Load a Mission

Lesson 9. Fly Your Mission

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.
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Create a photogrammetry mission. (page 15) (page 30)

This time, use the lawnmower pattern explained in part 2.4 C.

Upload and fly the mission.

Add the camera and repeat the mission with photos. (page 48)

When you return to your office/home, upload the photos using Field Extractor. Agribotix will return the mosaic and whatever imagery products you 

select. (page 52)

Airspace safety need to be your prime concern when you have a quad in the 

air. Run the steps below as a drill.

As soon as you hear and/or see a manned aircraft, have your assistant keep 

an eye on it while you are watching the quad. For this drill, your assistant 

will call out “airspace drill” at a random time in the middle of a mission to 

simulate an airspace conflict.

Put the quad in Loiter mode. 

Hold the spring-loaded Land switch; the quad will drop at a steady pace.

When you are low enough to be sure you’re clear of the manned aircraft 

(maybe 100 feet altitude), release the Land switch and the quad will loiter. 

Your assistant will call out the altitude from the GCS screen if the quad is 

too far away to clearly see it’s altitude. Note that the altitude read on the 

GCS is always the height above the launch point. If your terrain is not flat, 

it WILL NOT be the actual height above the ground. Always give yourself a 

little leeway.

When the airspace is clear, throw the Mode switch back to Auto and your 

mission will resume.

Repeat this drill a few times.

Lesson 10. Create a Photogrammetry Mission

A.

B.

C.

D.

Lesson 11. Airspace Conflict Drill

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.
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v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015 

Fly a complete mission and fill out one of the log pages of the Flight Logbook. 

Some people think of the logs as a “love letter you write to your future self.” 

You might think it is tedious in the field, but later, when you are processing the 

data, you’ll be happy you did it. If you ever need assistance from Agribotix to 

troubleshoot problems, we’ll probably ask you for information from your Flight 

Logbook.

Our ability to troubleshoot your problems may be limited if the logbook information is not recorded.

Lesson 12. Flight Logbook

This concludes the tutorial. You’ll rapidly move up the learning curve with the 

Enduro, but it’s important to get as much flight time as possible early on in controlled conditions (low wind, no obstacles, etc). As you get better, you’ll learn 

where the boundaries of your envelope exist.

Happy Flying from the Agribotix Team!
11

TRAINING

TOC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A FLB 

v 2.2.2 © Agribotix, LLC 2015

• The quad takes the mode of the last command it received. For example, if you 

switch the main mode switch to Loiter while in RTL, it will go into Loiter. To 

get back to RTL, turn this switch off and then back on.

• Your Launch position will be the last place you armed the quad.

• After landing, the waypoint counter resets, so any new mission will start again 

from the beginning.

Additional Notes