Timber Resource Statistics for 

Forest Land in Eastern Washington, 

January 2002

Andrew N. Gray, Jeremy S. Fried, Glenn Christensen, and Larry Potts

Resource Bulletin

PNW-RB-251

December 2006

United States 

Department of 

Agriculture

Forest

Service

Pacific Northwest

Research Station
Authors

Andrew N. Gray is an ecologist, Jeremy S. Fried is a research forester, 

Glenn Christensen is a forester, and Larry Potts is a computer specialist, 

Forestry Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208-3890.

Cover

The image on the cover is a classified satellite image of eastern Washington 

from 1992 produced by the U.S. Geological Survey Multi-Resolution Land

Characterization Consortium. In this representation, forest is shown in dark green,

shrub-dominated areas in brown, herb-dominated areas in light green, urban areas

in dark gray, agricultural areas in yellow, perennial ice and snow in white, bare

ground in light gray, and water in blue.

The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of 

multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water,

forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and 

private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and national grasslands, it

strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing

Nation.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its pro-grams and

activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable sex,

marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation genetic information,

political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any

public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with 

disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille,

large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice

and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400

Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) 

or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Abstract

Gray, Andrew N.; Fried, Jeremy S.; Christensen, Glenn; Potts, Larry. 2006. 

Timber resource statistics for forest land in eastern Washington, January 2002.

Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-251. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 46 p. 

This report summarizes timber resource statistics for the 20 counties in eastern

Washington. The inventory sampled all private and public lands except those

administered by the National Forest System in 2001, and those that were reserved

from management for wood products. Area information for parks and other

reserves was obtained directly from the organizations managing these areas.

Statistical tables provide estimates of land area, timber volume, growth, mortality,

and harvest for eastern Washington as a whole. Estimated area of forest on nonnational-forest land was 4.9 million acres, and net volume of growing stock on 

timberland was 8.7 billion cubic feet. Estimated annual growth on non-nationalforest timberland from 1990 to 2001 was 203 million cubic feet; average annual

mortality was 84 million cubic feet; average annual harvest was 288 million cubic

feet.

Keywords: Forest inventory, statistics (forest), land area, land use change, 

timber volume, eastern Washington. 
Preface

Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) is a nationwide program of the USDA Forest 

Service authorized by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research

Act of 1978. Work units at Forest Service research and experiment stations conduct

forest resource inventories throughout the 50 states. The FIA Program of the

Pacific Northwest Research Station in Portland, Oregon, is responsible for forest

inventories in Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
Summary

The 20 counties in eastern Washington had an estimated 21.5 million acres of land 

in 2001 that was not administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest

Service, National Forest System (NFS). This land is collectively referred to in the

text of this report as “non-NFS.” Forest land represented about 23 percent (4.9 

million acres) of the non-NFS land area in eastern Washington. Timberland (forest

land capable of producing industrial wood products and not reserved from management for wood products) represented 18 percent (3.9 million acres) of the non-NFS

land area in eastern Washington. Forest industry owned about 21 percent of the

non-NFS timberland (0.8 million acres), and the proportions for other private and

other public were 61 and 18 percent (2.4 and 0.7 million acres), respectively. Net

volume of growing stock was estimated as 8.7 billion cubic feet, with 97 percent in

conifer species. The three species with the greatest volume were Douglas-fir (40

percent), ponderosa pine (28 percent), and grand fir (9 percent). About 28 percent

of the volume was on land owned by other public owners, 14 percent by forest

industry, and 58 percent by other private owners. Estimated annual growth of

growing stock for non-NFS lands was 203 million cubic feet, the average annual

mortality was 84 million cubic feet, and the average annual harvest was 288 million cubic feet. About 0.6 percent of the non-NFS timberland present in 1991 was

converted to nonforest land uses, and 0.4 percent was newly designated as

reserved.
Contents

1 Introduction

1 Highlights

3 Inventory Procedures

4 Land and Water Area Updated

5 Change in Reserved Land Definitions

5 Analysis of Change Between Inventories for Non-National-Forest Lands

6 Reliability of Inventory Data

7 Terminology

15 Names of Trees

16 Acknowledgments

16 Metric Equivalents

16 Literature Cited

18 Tables

46 Appendix
List of Tables

Table 1—Estimated non-national-forest land area by county, land class, and reserve 

status, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 2—Estimated area of non-national-forest reserved timberland and other 

forest land by forest type, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 3—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by county and owner 

class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 4—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by forest type and 

owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 5—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by stand size class and 

owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 6—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by site class and owner 

class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 7—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by forest type and stand 

size class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 8—Estimated number of trees on non-national-forest timberland by species 

and diameter class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 9—Estimated net volume of growing-stock trees on non-national-forest 

timberland by species and diameter class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 10—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on non-national-forest timberland 

by species and diameter class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 11—Estimated net volume of growing-stock trees on non-national-forest 

timberland by tree species and owner class, eastern Washington, January 1,

2002

Table 12—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on non-national-forest timberland 

by tree species and owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 13—Estimated net volume of growing-stock trees on non-national-forest 

timberland by forest type and stand size class, eastern Washington, January 1,

2002

Table 14—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on non-national-forest timberland 

by forest type and stand size class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 15—Estimated net volume of growing-stock trees on non-national-forest 

timberland by forest type and owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 16—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on non-national-forest timberland 

by forest type and owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002
Table 17—Estimated net volume of trees on non-national-forest timberland by 

class of timber and species group, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 18—Estimated current net annual volume growth of growing-stock trees 

on non-national-forest timberland by forest type and owner class, eastern

Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 19—Estimated current net annual volume growth of sawtimber on nonnational-forest timberland by forest type and owner class, eastern Washington,

January 1, 2002

Table 20—Estimated average annual mortality volume of growing-stock trees 

on non-national-forest timberland by forest type and owner class, eastern

Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 21—Estimated average annual mortality volume of sawtimber on nonnational-forest timberland by forest type and owner class, eastern Washington,

January 1, 2002

Table 22—Estimated area, net volume of growing stock, and net volume of 

sawtimber on non-national-forest timberland, by stand age and owner class,

eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 23—Estimated gross annual growth, average annual mortality, and average 

annual removals of growing stock on non-national-forest timberland, by

species and owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 24—Estimated gross annual growth, average annual mortality, and average 

annual removals of sawtimber on non-national-forest timberland, by species

and owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Table 25—Estimated changes in area of non-national-forest timberland by owner 

class, eastern Washington, 1990-91 to 2002

Table 26—Estimated changes in net volume of growing stock on non-nationalforest timberland by species group and owner class, eastern Washington, 

1990-91 to 2002

Table 27—Estimated changes in net volume of sawtimber on non-national-forest 

timberland by species group and owner class, eastern Washington, 1990-91 to

2002

Table 28—Estimated sawtimber harvest volume by year and owner class, eastern 

Washington, 1955-2001
Eastern Washington Counties
This page is intentionally left blank.
Introduction

The Forest Inventory and Analysis unit of the USDA Forest Service, Pacific 

Northwest Research Station (PNW-FIA) conducted a multiresource inventory in 

the forests of eastern Washington in 2001. The inventory included all lands except

those administered by the USDA Forest Service National Forest System (NFS).

This report summarizes the timber resource statistics for the non-NFS forests of

eastern Washington. Data collected by PNW-FIA on all forest lands beginning in

2002 will be included in a forthcoming statistical report for the entire state. Other

resources sampled as part of the 2001 inventory but not included in this report are

understory vegetation, insect and disease damage, and snags. These data will be

incorporated in future analyses of the status of eastern Washington’s forests.

Eastern Washington was first inventoried in 1935 (Cowlin and others 1942),

1953-61 (various Forest Survey reports by county), 1967-68 (Arbogast 1974,

Howard 1975), 1980 (Bassett and Oswald 1983), and 1990 (McKay and others

1995). The 2001 inventory relied on a spatially-systematic sample of plot locations

originally established in the early 1960s; earlier inventories were based on forest

type maps.

In the late 1990s, the national FIA Program implemented several changes to the

base plot grid, the timing of sampling, and the field plot design to improve national

standardization and comparability across states and ownerships (Gillespie 1999). If

the new annualized design had been implemented in Washington starting in 2000,

there would have been a 19-year lag between completion of the last inventory in

1990 and completion of field sampling for all 10 annual panels in 2009. It was

decided instead to “close out” the existing field sample design with a rapid periodic

remeasurement in 2001 to provide a current estimate of forest conditions and trends.

This remeasurement inventory collected less field data than the most recent inventory in 1990. The new annualized inventory design was started in Washington in

2002.

This report contains statistical tables that provide current estimates of forest

land area, change estimates, number of trees, timber volume, growth, mortality, 

and harvest for non-Forest Service lands. 

Highlights

Forest land constituted about 23 percent of the 21.5 million acres of non-NFS land 

in 2001 (table 1). About 80 percent of the non-NFS forest land, or 3.9 million

acres, qualified as available timberland: forest land capable of producing industrial

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

1
wood products and not reserved from management for wood products (see the

“Terminology” section for definitions of all terms in this report). The area of timberland declined by about 1.0 percent (38,000 acres) between 1990 and 2001 (after

accounting for the effect of changes in the definition of reserved lands), with 0.6

percent (22,000 acres) being converted to nonforest uses and 0.4 percent (16,000

acres) being converted to reserved categories (table 25). This rate of land conversion was a decline from the 1980-90 period, when the rate of timberland conversion

was about 3.8 percent (McKay and others 1995). Some sizeable land exchanges

between private and other public owners and the National Forest System in the late

1990s resulted in a net transfer of approximately 51,000 acres of land in eastern

Washington to the National Forest System, primarily in Kittitas and Chelan

Counties.

The harvest of timber as recorded from mill surveys for all lands in eastern

Washington (including national forests) declined between the 1980s and 1990s, and

shifted from public lands to privately owned lands (table 28). In the 1980s, production averaged 356, 94, and 671 million board feet per year from national forest,

other public, and private lands, respectively (McKay and others 1995). In the

1990s, production averaged 150, 82, and 790 million board feet per year, respectively, for a total decline of 9 percent. For non-NFS lands, however, production in

the 1990s was 14 percent greater than during the 1980s.

Reflecting the increased harvest, standing volume on non-NFS timberlands 

in eastern Washington declined from 9.3 to 8.7 billion cubic feet based on plots

measured during the 1990 and 2001 inventories, after accounting for the effect of

changes in reserve definition (table 26). Most of the decline is attributed to growth

being 14 percent lower than the sum of removals and mortality. Growth was

greater than the sum of mortality and removals on other public lands, but not on

private lands.

The distribution of stand size classes for non-NFS timberland in eastern

Washington tended to be skewed toward the small size classes. About 3 percent of

the non-NFS lands had stands with a quadratic mean diameter (QMD) of 21 inches

or greater (“large sawtimber”), and 35 percent had a QMD less than 9 inches

(“seedling-sapling” and “poletimber”) (table 7). Public lands, such as those managed by state, county, and federal agencies other than the Forest Service, had about

7 percent of the timberland area in stands with a QMD of 21 inches or greater.

Forest industry and nonindustrial private owners had about 1 and 2 percent of their

land in these larger diameter classes, respectively. Sixty percent of all non-NFS

lands had QMDs between 9 and 21 inches. 

2

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

3

Inventory Procedures

Eastern Washington was inventoried by using a scheme with double sampling 

for stratification (Cochran 1977). The sampling was implemented on a permanent

systematic grid and produced an even geographic distribution of both secondary

(field) and primary (photo) plots across the state. Photo plots were randomly placed

within each square of the grid. However, a large area in eastern Washington was

treated as a “nonforest zone,” which was not sampled with primary or secondary

plots.

The primary sample for the non-NFS lands of eastern Washington consisted 

of a grid of about 20,000 points established in 1980 and assessed by using aerial

photographs taken in the late 1980s. Data collected on each point included owner

group, land class, forest type, density, and stand size class. For lands that had

changed to or from National Forest or reserve categories, new assessments of

owner group and land class were made by using a classification of 1992 satellite

imagery (USDI Geological Survey 1999) and recent digital maps of public land

administrative and reserve area boundaries from the respective agencies. An 

entirely new primary sample was not conducted for this close-out periodic inventory for several reasons: (1) to reduce costs, (2) changes in forest cover are slower

in eastern Washington than in other parts of the region, and (3) errors in classification of the predominantly multistructured forests in eastern Washington tend to

reduce the contribution of the primary sample to inventory accuracy compared to

other parts of the region (MacLean 1972).

The secondary sample consisted of 742 forest and nonforest field locations

established in previous inventories and remeasured or reclassified in 2001. To collect the necessary data for this rapid periodic closeout inventory, the secondary

sample consisted of three plots systematically selected out of every five of the base

inventory grid sampled in 1990. Examination of inventory results indicated that the

systematic selection resulted in a slightly different ratio of timberland plots to total

plots in 2001 than in 1990, but no adjustment after the fact was made (see appendix

for more information). This sample represents about a 1-in-27 subsample of the 

primary sample.

In 1990, a cluster of five subplots was measured at grid locations that met the

definition of forest land not reserved from timber harvest. At that time, the subplots

sampled a single homogeneous condition (i.e., land use class or stand type) by

moving subplots from the standard configuration if necessary. Variable-radius sampling was used to select trees 5 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) and greater,

and a smaller fixed-radius plot was used to sample trees less than 5 inches d.b.h.
In 2000, four of the five previously measured subplots on accessible forest-land

plots that remained in the same condition as the grid point (the center of subplot 1)

and which met the criteria for accessible forest land not reserved from timber 

management were fully remeasured, including trees that grew into the fixed and

variable-radius plots. Access was denied to 13 of the forest-land plots; careful

examination of recent (i.e., 1- to 2-year-old) aerial photography indicated no harvest

or other major disturbance had occurred on these plots, so tree growth and mortality were projected from the previously collected data by using previously measured growth rates and mortality rates derived from inventory plots that were visited.

Ownership at the time of the previous inventory was updated on three plots based

on new information obtained during remeasurement.

Inventory data are summarized by using various land, owner, and forest type

criteria in the following tables. Definitions for some of the owner categories used

by PNW-FIA differ from those used in national FIA summary publications. For

example, in national publications “forest industry” only includes owners that operate wood-processing plants; in PNW-FIA reports it also includes other private 

owners that grow timber for industrial use. See the “Terminology” section for 

definitions of terms.

Land and Water Area Updated

The U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census compiles and publishes 

the acreage of land and water in the United States every 10 years (U.S. Department

of Commerce 2000). These area figures, available by state and county, are used as

the basis for the gross number of acres to be inventoried in each county. The 1990

inventory was based on 1980 census data, and the 2001 inventory used 2000 census

figures. Raster-scanned topographic maps from the USDI Geological Survey and a

geographic information system were used for the newer assessment by the Bureau

of the Census to identify water bodies and landforms and to determine the size of

areas much smaller than was previously possible. As a result, the definition of

inland water was changed to reflect the finer resolution. Streams with a minimum

width of 200 feet are now recognized, compared to 660 feet in 1980; small water

bodies are now at least 4.5 acres, compared to a minimum size of 40 acres before.

In addition, areas covered intermittently with water were reclassified as “land.” The

difference in census land area by county between the 1980 and 2000 census ranged

from 170 to 13,478 acres. Apparently because of the addition of acres with intermittent water, most of the changes were increases in land area in the “nonforest

4

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
zone” and did not affect forest-land estimates appreciably. Estimates of nonnational-forest land area were calculated by subtracting the area of national-forestadministered lands by county, as reported for 2001 (USDA Forest Service 2001).

Change in Reserved Land Definitions

The standard national definition for reserved lands used by FIA has been changed 

to: “Reserved land is withdrawn by law(s) prohibiting the management of land for

the production of wood products (not merely controlling or prohibiting wood harvesting methods)... The prohibition against management for wood products cannot

be changed through decision of the land manager (management agency) or through

a change in land management personnel, but rather is permanent in nature” (USDA

Forest Service 2000). In the 1990 inventory, reserved lands were lands that prohibited timber utilization (as opposed to management for timber production) and

included lands that were administratively withdrawn at the discretion of the

landowner.

For non-NFS lands, the change in definition means that lands managed by conservation groups or any other private entity (including Native American tribes) are

no longer considered reserved, and public conservation lands that may occasionally

harvest timber but do not include timber production in their mandate (e.g., National

Wildlife Refuges) are now considered reserved. The change in definition meant, for

eastern Washington, that approximately 129,000 acres of Native American lands

previously considered reserved are now considered available, and 50,000 acres of

National Wildlife Refuge land previously considered available are now considered

reserved.

Analysis of Change Between Inventories 

for Non-National-Forest Lands

To analyze change in forest statistics, the 1990 data for remeasured plots were 

recompiled to account for technical changes in the 2000 inventory and corrections

in ownership for 1990. The summaries presented in tables 25 through 27 have been

developed from remeasured plots outside of national forests and include recompiled data from the 1990 inventory. Caution should be used in comparing present

statistics and those published by McKay and others (1995) because of procedural

changes, stratification differences, and plot changes. Comparing estimates from

previous to current ones is comparing independent estimates of the resource at different points in time; although both are valid estimates, the differences between

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

5
6

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251

them will not be the same as the figures derived from the analyses of change on the

same plots by using the same compilation procedures. 

Reliability of Inventory Data

Inventories conducted by FIA are designed to provide sampling errors consistent 

with national standards set by the Forest Service. The target error for area of timberland is ≤3 percent per million acres and ≤10 percent per billion cubic feet of

growing-stock volume. 

Estimates for inventory categories that occupy large areas are more precise

than estimates for small areas. Estimates for the entire inventory area are more reliable than estimates for individual counties. As estimates are made for smaller portions of the sample population, the confidence intervals increase in relation to the

size of the estimate. Confidence intervals are quantitative expressions of the variability inherent in the estimation procedures for area and volume (i.e., the error in

the estimate). The tabulation below indicates, for instance, a 68-percent (one standard error) chance that the true timberland area for other private owners in eastern

Washington is within the range of 2,294,000 to 2,482,000 acres. 

Estimates and standard errors for non-NFS timberland area, net volume, and

net annual growth by owner class are: 

Owner Timberland area Net volume Net annual growth

Thousand acres - - - - - - - Million cubic feet - - - - - - - 

Other public 714 ± 62 2,464 ± 300 40 ± 6

Forest industry 830 ± 74 1,203 ± 177 44 ± 7

Other private 2,388 ± 94 5,067 ± 337 120 ± 8

All owners 3,931 ± 100 8,735 ± 464 203 ± 12

The width of confidence intervals vary with the magnitude of the estimate and the 

variance associated with the estimate. The tables report the sampling error for the

row and column totals as percentages, calculated by dividing the standard error by

the estimated value. The following is a table of approximate standard errors and

sampling errors calculated by applying a regression analysis between actual standard error and the estimate involved. These regressions have r-square values

greater than 0.92, indicating that 92 percent of the variance in the relation can be

accounted for by the equation. The actual error estimates for the cells in each table

can be obtained from the Portland FIA unit upon request, either in writing or from

their Web site (http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/fia/).
Timberland area Growing-stock volume

Estimate Interval Percent Estimate Interval Percent

Thousand acres Million cubic feet

3,000 ±101 3 6,000 ±351 6

2,000 ±94 5 4,000 ±308 8

1,500 ±89 6 2,000 ±242 12

1,000 ±82 8 1,000 ±184 18

800 ±79 10 800 ±167 21

600 ±74 12 600 ±146 24

400 ±67 17 400 ±119 30

200 ±55 28 200 ±79 40

100 ±43 43 100 ±47 47

50 ±32 64 50 ±23 46

25 ±20 80 25 ±12 48

Terminology

Available other forest land—

Forest land incapable of growing 20 cubic feet per acre per year (mean annual

increment at culmination in fully stocked, natural stands) of industrial wood

because of adverse conditions such as sterile soils, dry climate, poor drainage, 

subalpine sites, steepness, or rockiness, and not in a reserved status through withdrawal of the area by laws prohibiting the management of land for the production

of wood products. 

Class of timber—

A classification of trees as growing stock, cull, and salvable dead. Growing-stock

trees are divided into poletimber and sawtimber trees. 

Condition class—

A mapped area on a plot with a distinct land class (for example, timberland, oak

woodland, nonforest) or a distinct vegetative condition (for example, forest type,

stand size). The first condition identified at plot center is the only condition that 

is remeasured and used for the analysis of periodic change. 

County and municipal lands—

Lands owned by county and other local public agencies. 

Cull trees—

Live trees of noncommercial species and live trees of commercial species that are

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

7
more than 75-percent defective. Noncommercial species are apple, black locust,

holly, junipers, Pacific yew, Pacific dogwood, white alder, and willow. Cull trees

are not growing-stock trees. 

Cull trees, rotten—

Cull trees with defect caused primarily by rot. 

Cull trees, sound—

Trees of noncommercial species or cull trees of commercial species with defect

caused primarily by poor form and roughness. 

Diameter class—

A classification of trees based on diameter outside the bark measured at breast

height, 42 feet above the ground. The common abbreviation for diameter at breast

height is d.b.h. Trees are grouped into 2-inch classes up to 21 inches d.b.h., after

which the class intervals become broader. 

Even-aged stands—

Stands where 70 percent or more of the tree stocking falls within three adjacent 

10-year age classes. 

Forest industry lands—

Lands owned by companies that grow timber for industrial use. Includes companies

both with and without wood processing plants. 

Forest land—

Land at least 10 percent stocked with live trees, or land that had this minimum tree

stocking in the past and is not currently developed for nonforest use. The minimum

area recognized is 1 acre; it must be 115 feet wide. 

Forest types—

Stands are assigned a pure softwood, pure hardwood, or softwood-hardwood forest

type. Stands with 70 percent or more of the stocking in live softwood trees are 

classified as pure softwood types and are assigned the type name of the softwood

species with the greatest stocking among all softwoods on the condition class plot.

Stands with 70 percent or more of the stocking in live hardwood trees are classified

as pure hardwood types and are assigned the type name of the hardwood species

with the greatest stocking among all hardwoods on the condition class plot. Mixed

species types are assigned if softwood stocking is 31 to 69 percent total stocking 

on the plot; stands with 50 to 69 percent of the stocking in live softwood trees are

classed as softwood-hardwood types and receive a type name that includes the 

8

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
softwood species with the greatest softwood stocking, followed by the hardwood

species with the greatest hardwood stocking; stands with 51 to 69 percent of the

stocking in live hardwood trees are classed as hardwood-softwood types and receive

a type name that includes the hardwood species with the greatest hardwood stocking, followed by the softwood species with the greatest softwood stocking. For ease

in reporting, only the primary forest type will be identified in the summary tables 

Growing-stock trees—

All live trees growing on timberland except cull trees (see “cull trees”). 

Growing-stock volume—

Net volume in cubic feet of live sawtimber and pole-timber growing-stock trees

from the top of a stump 12 inches tall to a minimum 4-inch top (of central stem)

inside the bark. Net volume is gross volume less deductions for rot and missing

bole sections. 

Growth, current net annual, growing stock—

The increase in growing-stock volume on timberland during the last year of the

period between the previous and current inventories. Components of current net

annual growth for growing-stock volume include (a) the increment in net volume

of poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees alive at the beginning of the year

and surviving to year end; plus (b) ingrowth, the net volume of growing-stock trees

reaching poletimber or sawtimber size during the year; minus (c) mortality, the

net volume of poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees that died during the

year. 

Growth, current net annual, sawtimber—

The increase in sawtimber volume on timberland during the last year of the period

between the previous and current inventories. Components of current net annual

growth for sawtimber volume include (a) the increment in net volume of sawtimber

trees alive at the beginning of the year and surviving to year end; plus (b) ingrowth,

the net volume of trees reaching sawtimber size during the year; minus (c) mortality, the net volume of sawtimber trees that died during the year. 

Growth, periodic gross, growing stock—

The increase in growing-stock volume between the previous and current inventories that is attributable to increasing tree size. Periodic gross growth includes (a)

the increment in net volume of poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees alive

at both the previous and current inventories; (b) the increment in net volume of

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

9
poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees alive at the previous inventory and

harvested between inventories; and (c) ingrowth, the net volume of growing-stock

trees reaching poletimber or sawtimber size between inventories. 

Growth, periodic gross, sawtimber—

The increase in sawtimber volume between the previous and current inventories

that is attributable to increasing tree size. Periodic gross growth includes (a) the

increment in net volume of sawtimber trees alive at both the previous and current

inventories; (b) the increment in net volume of sawtimber trees alive at the previous inventory and harvested between inventories; and (c) ingrowth, the net volume

of trees reaching sawtimber size between inventories. 

Hardwoods—

Nonconiferous trees, usually broad-leaved. See “Names of Trees” for a list of 

hardwood species in this report. 

Industrial wood—

All commercial roundwood products except fuelwood. Roundwood includes logs

or bolts that are in straight sections at least 8 feet long for hardwoods and 12 feet

long for softwoods. 

Land area—

Area reported as land by the Bureau of the Census (U.S. Department of Commerce

2000). Total land area includes dry land and land temporarily or partially covered

by water, such as marshes, swamps, and river flood plains; streams, sloughs, and

canals less than 200 feet wide; and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 4.5 acres.

Land class—

A classification of land by major use. The minimum area for classification is 

1 acre. 

Mean annual increment (MAI) at culmination—

A measure of the productivity of forest land expressed as the average increase in

cubic-foot volume per acre per year. For a given species and site index, the mean is

based on the age at which the MAI culminates for fully stocked natural stands. The

MAI is calculated from equations and is based on the site index of the plot.

Mortality, average annual, sawtimber—

The annual net volume of sawtimber trees that died between the previous and 

current inventories. 

10

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
National forest lands—

Federal lands that have been designated by Executive order or statute as national

forest or purchase units and other lands under the administration of the U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, including experimental areas and

Bankhead-Jones Title III lands. 

Native American lands—

Tribal and allotted lands held in trust by the federal government. Native American

lands are grouped with farmer and miscellaneous private lands as other private

lands. 

Net volume—

Gross volume less deductions for sound and rotten defects. Growing-stock net 

volume is gross cubic-foot volume less deductions for rot and missing bole sections

on poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees. Sawtimber net volume is gross

board-foot volume less deductions for rot, sweep, crook, missing bole sections, and

other defects that affect the use of sawtimber trees for lumber. 

Noncommercial species—

A tree species not suitable for industrial wood products: apple, black locust, holly,

junipers, Pacific yew, Pacific dogwood, white alder, and willow. Noncommercial

species will not be included in growing-stock volume tables; however, if one or

more of these species dominate on a plot, the forest type might be classified as a

noncommercial species. 

Nonforest land—

Land that has never supported forests or formerly was forested and currently 

is developed for nonforest uses. Included are lands used for agricultural crops,

Christmas tree farms, cottonwood plantations, improved pasture, residential areas,

city parks, constructed roads, operating railroads and their right-of-way clearings,

powerline and pipeline clearings, streams more than 30 feet wide, and 1- to 40-acre

areas of water classified by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the

Census, as land. If intermingled in forest areas, unimproved roads and other nonforest strips must be more than 120 feet wide, and clearings or other areas must be

1 acre or larger to qualify as nonforest land. 

Nonstocked areas—

Timberland less than 10 percent stocked with live trees. Recent clearcuts scheduled

for planting are classified as nonstocked area. 

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

11
Other private lands—

Private lands not owned by forest industry. Native American lands, farmer-owned

lands, and miscellaneous private lands are included. 

Other public lands—

Lands administered by public agencies other than the U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service. Other public lands do not include Native American

lands, which are included with other private lands. 

Poletimber stands—

Stands with a quadratic mean diameter (mean diameter weighted by basal area)

from 5.0 to 9.0 inches d.b.h. in a softwood stand and from 5.0 to 11.0 inches d.b.h.

in a hardwood stand. 

Poletimber trees—

Live growing-stock trees of commercial species that are 5.0 inches d.b.h. or larger

but smaller than sawtimber trees. 

Reserved other forest—

Forest land incapable of growing 20 cubic feet per acre per year (mean annual

increment at culmination in fully stocked, natural stands) of industrial wood that is

withdrawn by laws prohibiting the management of land for the production of wood

products.

Reserved timberland—

Forest land capable of growing 20 cubic feet or more per acre per year (mean

annual increment at culmination in fully stocked, natural stands) of industrial wood

that is withdrawn by laws prohibiting the management of land for the production of

wood products.

Roundwood—

Logs, bolts, or other round sections cut from trees. 

Sapling and seedling stands—

Stands with a quadratic mean diameter (mean diameter weighted by basal area) 

less than 5.0 inches d.b.h. 

Sapling and seedling trees—

Live trees of commercial species that are less than 5.0 inches d.b.h. and have no

diseases, defects, or deformities likely to prevent their becoming poletimber trees. 

12

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Saw-log portion—

The bole of sawtimber trees between the stump and the saw-log top. Saw-log top 

is 7.0 inches in diameter outside bark on softwoods and 9.0 inches in diameter 

outside bark on hardwoods. 

Sawtimber stands—

Stands with a quadratic mean diameter (mean diameter weighted by basal area)

larger than 9.0 inches d.b.h. in a softwood stand and larger than 11.0 inches d.b.h.

in a hardwood stand. Small sawtimber stands are sawtimber stands with a mean

diameter (weighted by basal area) less than 21.0 inches d.b.h. Large sawtimber

stands are sawtimber stands that have a mean diameter 21.0 inches or larger d.b.h. 

Sawtimber trees—

Live softwood trees of commercial species at least 9.0 inches d.b.h. and live hardwood trees of commercial species at least 11.0 inches d.b.h. At least 25 percent of

the board-foot volume in a sawtimber tree must be free from defect. Softwood trees

must contain at least one 12-foot saw log with a top diameter of not less than 7

inches outside bark; hardwood trees must contain at least one 8-foot saw log with 

a top diameter of not less than 9 inches outside bark. 

Sawtimber volume—

Net volume of sawtimber trees measured in board feet. Softwood volume is estimated from the top of a stump 12 inches tall up to a minimum 6-inch top diameter,

inside bark, and hardwood volume is estimated from the top of a stump 12 inches

tall up to a minimum 8-inch top diameter, inside bark. Net sawtimber volume

equals gross volume less deduction for rot, sweep, crook, and other defects that

affect use for lumber. 

Scribner rule—

The common board-foot log rule used locally in eastern Washington to determine

sawtimber volume. Scribner volume is estimated in terms of 16-foot logs for softwoods and hardwoods. See “sawtimber volume” for utilization limits. 

Site class—

A classification of the potential productivity of forest land expressed as mean 

annual increment (MAI) at culmination in fully stocked natural stands, determined

from site index. Six classes in this report are based on a range of MAI values that

were calculated on every plot. 

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

13
Site index—

A measure of the productivity of forest land expressed as the average height of

dominant and codominant trees at a specified age. 

Softwoods—

Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, with needles or scalelike leaves. See “Names

of Trees” for a list of softwood species in this report. 

Stand age—

The 10-year age class that best characterizes the stand. See “even-aged stand” 

and “uneven-aged stand” for more details. 

Stand-size class—

A classification of stands based on tree size. Stand-size classes are sawtimber, 

poletimber, and sapling-seedling stands. 

State lands—

Lands owned by states or administered by state agencies. 

Timber harvest—

Volume of roundwood removed from forest land for products. Timber harvest 

statistics reported in table 28 were collected by the Washington Department of

Natural Resources. 

Timber volume—

Includes the net volume in cubic feet of poletimber and sawtimber trees and 

salvable dead sawtimber trees, and the net volume in cubic feet of cull trees of

commercial species. In table 17, the volume of cull trees includes the gross volume

of noncommercial species. Volume is measured from the top of a stump 12 inches

tall to a minimum 4-inch top diameter, inside bark. 

Timberland—

Forest land capable of growing 20 cubic feet or more per acre per year (mean

annual increment at culmination in fully stocked, natural stands) of industrial wood

and not in a reserved status through withdrawal of the area by laws prohibiting the

management of land for the production of wood products. 

Uneven-aged stands—

Stands where less than 70 percent of the tree stocking falls in three adjacent 

10-year age classes. 

14

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Upper stem portion—

The bole of sawtimber trees above the saw-log top—7.0 inches diameter outside

bark for softwoods and 9.0 inches diameter outside bark for hardwoods—to a minimum top diameter of 4.0 inches inside bark, or to the point where the central stem

divides into limbs. 

Names of Trees

Common name Scientific name1

Softwoods:

Alaska-cedar Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach

Douglas-fir Psuedotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

Engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.

Grand fir Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.

Juniper Juniperus spp.

Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.

Mountain hemlock Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.

Noble fir Abies procera Rehd.

Pacific silver fir Abies amabilis Dougl. ex Forbes

Pacific yew Taxus brevifolia Nutt.

Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.

Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.

Subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.

Western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.

Western larch Larix occidentalis Nutt.

Western redcedar Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don

Western white pine Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don 

Whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis Engelm.

Hardwoods:

Apple Malus spp.

Bigleaf maple Acer macrophyllum Pursh

Black cottonwood Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray

Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Cherry Prunus spp.

Holly Ilex spp.

Oregon ash Fraxinus latifolia Benth.

Oregon white oak Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.

Pacific dogwood Cornus nuttallii Audubon

Pacific madrone Arbutus menzeisii Pursh

Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides Michx.

Red alder Alnus rubra Bong.

Western paper birch Betula papyrifera Marsh var. commutata (Regel) Fern.

White alder Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.

Willow Salix spp.

1 Nomenclature per Little (1979).

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

15
Acknowledgments

Many people were involved in the collection of data and the design of the inventory. Thanks go to the data collection staff for field work: Brad Bolton, Chuck

Brushwood, Chuck Veneklase, Carl Clemons, Perry Colclasure, R. Johnson, Mike

Kazio, Kirsten Meyers, R. Miller, John Mitchell, Todd Morris, Melissa Patterson,

Amanda Rollwage, Samuel Solano, Glenn Starkweather, and Andrew Wood.

Thanks to Bruce Lippke, George McFadden, Todd Morgan and Kevin Ceder who

provided valuable reviews. A special thanks to the many landowners who allowed

field crews on their lands to visit plots and measure trees.

Metric Equivalents

1 acre = 0.405 hectare

1 acre = 4046.86 square meters

1,000 acres = 404.7 hectares

1,000 cubic feet = 28.3 cubic meters

1 cubic foot per acre = 0.07 cubic meter per hectare

1 foot = 0.3048 meter

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

1 mile = 1.609 kilometers 

Literature Cited

Arbogast, H.A. 1974. The timber resources of the Inland Empire area, 

Washington. Resour. Bull. PNW-50. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment

Station. 56 p.

Bassett, P.M.; Oswald, D.D. 1983. Timber resource statistics for eastern 

Washington. Resour. Bull. PNW-104. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment

Station. 32 p.

Cochran, W.G. 1977. Sampling techniques. 3d ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 

413 p.

Cowlin, R.W.; Briegleb, P.A.; Moravets, F.L. 1942. Forest resources of the 

ponderosa pine region of Washington and Oregon. Misc. Publ. 490. Portland,

OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest

and Range Experiment Station. 99 p.

16

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Gillespie, A.J.R. 1999. Rationale for a national annual forest inventory program. 

Journal of Forestry. 97: 16-20.

Howard, J.O. 1975. The timber resources of central Washington. Resour. Bull. 

PNW-45. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,

Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 68 p.

Little, E.L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). 

Agric. Handb. 541. Washington DC: United States Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service. 375 p.

MacLean, C.D. 1972. Photo stratification improves Northwest timber volume 

estimates. Res. Note PNW-150. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 10 p.

McKay, N.; Bassett, P.M.; MacLean, C.D. 1995. Timber resource statistics

for eastern Washington. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-201. Portland, OR: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research 

Station. 47 p.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 2000. 2000 US 

Gazetteer. Washington DC. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/

places2k.html (May 20, 2004).

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 2000. Forest Inventory and 

Analysis national core field guide, volume 1: field data collection procedures

for phase 2 plots, version 1.4. Internal report. 208 p. On file with: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis, 

201 14th St., Washington DC 20250.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 2001. Land Areas of the 

National Forest System. Washington DC. http://www.fs.fed.us/land/

staff/lar/LAR01/ (September 20, 2005).

U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 1999. Washington land 

cover data set, edition 1. Sioux Falls, SD. http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/

programs/lccp/nationallandcover.html (March 14, 2001).

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

17
Table 1—Estimated non-national-forest land area by county, land class, and reserve status, eastern

Washington, January 1, 2002

Forest land

Available Reserved

Available Reserved other other Non-NFS 

County timberland timberland forest forest Total forest Nonforest land total

Thousand acres

Adams 0 0 0 0 0 1,232 1,232

Asotin 23 0 0 0 23 330 353

Benton 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 1,090

Chelan 140 15 55 12 221 321 542

Columbia 21 0 7 0 29 368 397

Douglas 0 0 0 0 0 1,165 1,165

Ferry 572 6 166 0 744 190 934

Franklin 0 0 0 0 0 795 795

Garfield 0 0 0 0 0 359 359

Grant 0 0 0 0 0 1,716 1,716

Kittitas 286 0 35 0 321 702 1,023

Klickitat 330 5 140 0 476 708 1,183

Lincoln 44 4 33 0 81 1,398 1,479

Okanogan 488 9 249 17 763 1,109 1,873

Pend Oreille 243 1 12 0 255 116 371

Spokane 248 35 76 0 359 770 1,129

Stevens 897 43 37 0 978 388 1,366

Walla Walla 16 0 0 0 16 794 811

Whitman 7 0 7 0 15 1,367 1,382

Yakima 614 1 26 0 640 1,612 2,252

Total 3,931 119 843 28 4,921 16,530 21,451

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

0 = less than 500 acres found.

18

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

19

Table 2—Estimated area of non-national-forest reserved timberland and other 

forest land by forest type, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Reserved Other forest

Forest type timberland Available Reserved Total

Thousand acres

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 34 192 8 234

Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir 1 11 12 23

Ponderosa pine 45 472 0 518

Western larch 19 0 0 19

Other softwood types 11 0 8 20

Total softwood types 110 675 28 814

Hardwood types:

Aspen 0 8 0 8

Oregon white oak 1 91 0 92

Other hardwood types 8 22 0 30

Total hardwood types 8 121 0 130

Nonstocked 0 46 0 46

All types 119 843 28 990

Note: Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

0 = less than 500 acres found.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
Table 3—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by county and owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Public Private All owners

Miscellan- County Miscellaneous and Total Forest Native eous Total

County federal State municipal public industry American private private Total SE

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Thousand acres - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - %

Asotin 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 23 23 51

Chelan 0 21 0 21 43 0 76 119 140 22

Columbia 0 0 0 0 14 0 7 21 21 48

Ferry 0 17 0 17 41 406 107 555 572 6

Kittitas 0 105 0 105 145 0 35 181 286 8

Klickitat 0 84 13 97 162 12 60 234 330 10

Lincoln 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 44 44 41

Okanogan 0 129 0 129 18 225 116 359 488 9

Pend Oreille 0 12 0 12 106 12 111 230 243 10

Spokane 0 16 0 16 32 0 201 232 248 11

Stevens 42 174 0 215 228 83 371 682 897 5

Walla Walla 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 16 16 100

Whitman 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 7 100

Yakima 0 100 0 100 40 473 0 513 614 5

Total 42 659 13 714 830 1,212 1,176 3,218 3,931

SE for total (%) 0 10 100 9 4 7 3

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling error.0 = less than 500 acres found.

20

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Table 4—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by forest 

type and owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners

Forest type public industry private Total SE

- - - - - - - - - Thousand acre - - - - - - - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 304 376 1,034 1,715 7

Engelmann spruce 49 0 0 49 58

Grand fir 40 73 168 281 23

Logepole pine 68 33 134 235 25

Pacific yew 0 11 0 11 100

Ponderosa pine 147 173 769 1,088 10

Subline fir 14 43 33 90 44

Western larch 25 0 59 84 39

Western redcedar 11 72 52 134 28

Total softwood types 657 781 2,249 3,687

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 0 0 21 21 100

Black cottonwood 0 0 24 24 71

Cherry 11 0 13 24 71

Oregon white oak 0 0 12 12 100

Quaking aspen 0 0 12 12 100

Red alder 14 0 0 14 100

Western paper birch 9 11 28 48 52

Total hardwood types 33 11 112 156

Nonstocked 24 37 27 88 38

All types 714 830 2,388 3,931

SE for total (%) 9 9 4 3

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = 

sampling error.

0 = less than 500 acres found.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

21
Table 5—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by stand 

size class and owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners

Stand size class public industry private Total SE

- - - - - - - - - Thousand acre - - - - - - - - - %

Seeding-sapling 43 310 552 905 11

Poletimber 96 135 254 484 16

Small sawtimber 504 339 1,497 2,341 5

Large timber 47 9 58 113 34

Nonstocked 24 37 27 88 38

All classes 714 830 2,388 3,931

SE for total (%) 9 9 4 3

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = 

sampling error.

0 = less than 500 acres found.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

Table 6—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by site class and owner class,

eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Site class (cubic feet) All classes

Owner >225 165-224 120-164 85-119 50-84 20-49 Total SE

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Thousand acres - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - %

Other public 0 12 48 109 301 243 714 9

Forest industry 0 0 49 228 287 265 830 9

Other private 12 30 230 519 967 631 2,388 4

All owners 12 42 327 856 1,555 1,139 3,931

SE for total (%) 100 59 21 12 8 9 3

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling error.

0 = less than 500 acres found.

Site class is the mean annual cubic-foot growth per acre at culmination in fully stocked natural stands.

22

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Table 7—Estimated area of non-national-forest timberland by forest type and stand size class, 

eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Seedling- Small Large All classes

Forest type sapling Poletimber sawtimber sawtimber Total SE

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Thousand acres - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 397 149 1,126 43 1,715 7

Engelmann spruce 0 0 29 20 49 58

Grand fir 111 24 147 0 281 23

Lodgepole pine 59 70 105 0 235 25

Pacific yew 11 0 0 0 11 100

Ponderosa pine 163 126 761 39 1,088 10

Subalpine fir 43 7 39 0 90 44

Western larch 11 32 41 0 84 39

Western redcedar 24 17 81 12 134 28

Total softwood types 819 426 2,329 113 3,687

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 21 0 0 0 21 100

Black cottonwood 0 12 12 0 24 71

Cherry 24 0 0 0 24 71

Oregon white oak 12 0 0 0 12 100

Quacking aspen 0 12 0 0 12 100

Red alder 0 14 0 0 14 100

Western paper birch 28 20 0 0 48 52

Total hardwood types 86 58 12 0 156

Nonstocked 88 38

All types 905 484 2,341 113 3,931

SE for total (%) 11 16 5 34 3

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling error.

0 = less than 500 acres found.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

23
Table 8—Estimated number of trees on non-national-forest timberland by species and diameter class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height) All classes

Seed- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 23.0- 25.0- 27.0-

Tree species ling 1.0-2.9 3.0-4.9 5.0-6.9 7.0-8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 22.9 24.9 26.9 28.9 29.0+ Total SE

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Thousand trees - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - %

Softwoods:

Douglas-fir 255,494 188,763 87,005 49,017 33,100 27,167 19,029 14,971 8,600 6,624 4,087 3,182 1,765 1,108 565 1,444 701,921 8

Englemann spruce 4,786 5,283 2,415 0 547 1,782 1,043 898 949 267 357 119 167 144 33 105 18,896 32

Grand fir 148,468 116,386 48,709 14,091 12,418 4,691 4,028 3,384 1,749 1,523 877 383 401 313 142 248 357,810 12

Lodgepole pine 29,220 53,663 22,669 12,670 9,543 9,437 4,015 2,734 733 644 101 0 0 0 0 0 145,430 23

Mountain hemlock 0 0 0 0 0 0 401 0 202 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 603 100

Pacific silver fir 585 4,010 2,005 3,874 697 0 317 0 189 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,677 95

Pacific yew 3,909 2,664 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,573 68

Ponderosa pine 148,055 108,221 37,511 26,211 24,480 12,666 14,562 10,872 6,877 4,883 3,778 2,419 1,323 927 584 1,304 404,672 12

Subalpine fir 35,829 31,960 8,685 4,547 3,293 1,073 1,057 333 308 0 0 59 0 0 0 0 87,143 29

Western hemlock 1,698 2,005 1,171 1,326 452 541 240 325 82 73 0 0 86 28 0 0 8,027 46

Western larch 17,230 38,051 13,070 10,105 4,624 5,333 3,114 1,708 815 606 936 160 217 83 96 98 96,245 23

Western red cedar 13,300 43,106 12,465 9,156 4,480 2,595 2,108 544 1,156 527 311 232 189 141 25 150 90,485 36

Western white pine 3,176 0 2,942 850 0 0 191 0 0 75 0 46 68 0 0 0 7,349 60

Whitebark pine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 0 0 0 0 61 100

Total softwoods 661,749 594,112 238,648 131,847 93,634 65,284 50,104 35,769 21,659 15,222 10,448 6,662 4,216 2,745 1,445 3,349 1,936,893

Hardwoods:

Bigleaf maple 896 3,752 0 0 0 0 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,838 77

Black cottonwood 951 0 0 509 1,102 526 412 353 0 0 59 48 103 0 29 25 4,119 56

Cherry 3,022 784 3,724 784 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,313 58

Oregon white oak 9,443 2,749 5,813 3,847 585 208 0 0 113 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,759 37

Pacific dogwood 0 0 1,108 1,069 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,177 100

Quakling aspen 6,541 1,078 3,342 575 941 861 1,529 136 407 0 0 0 61 0 0 0 15,471 42

Red alder 0 1,089 1,089 2,176 413 263 193 0 98 79 0 62 0 43 0 32 5,538 61

Western paper birch 10,773 755 5,897 5,309 2,229 409 148 0 0 0 51 0 0 0 0 0 25,572 39

Willow 0 5,121 5,171 955 915 315 414 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,891 53

Other hardwoods 0 951 2,854 2,576 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,381 72

Total hardwoods 31,627 16,280 28,998 17,800 6,186 2,582 2,886 489 618 79 110 110 164 43 29 57 108,057

Total 693,376 610,391 267,646 149,647 99,820 67,866 52,990 36,258 22,277 15,301 10,558 6,772 4,381 2,788 1,474 3,406 2,044,950

SE for total (%) 7 11 9 10 9 8 8 8 8 9 10 10 11 14 18 16 5

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling error.

0 = fewer than 500 trees found.

24
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Diameter class (inches at breast height) All classes

9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 23.0- 25.0- 27.0-

Tree species 5.0-6.9 7.0-8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 22.9 24.9 26.9 28.9 29.0+

Total S

E

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Million cubic feet - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . %

Softwoods:

Dou

glas-fir 100 200 308 356 403 335 346 285 264 181 146 88 463 3,474 10

E

n

gelman

n spruce 0 3 28 24 36 47 16 25 12 20 21 7 31 271 36

Gran

d fir 34 76 53 80 106 79 90 55 34 50 45 25 65 792 17

Lod

gepole pine 40 75 134 92 88 32 40 7 0 0 0 0 0 507 23

Mou

ntain

hemlock 0 0 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 100

Pacific silver fir 3 5 0 6 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 100Pon

derosa pine 43 113 127 235 281 258 261 253 205 145 122 93 299 2,435 9

Su

balpine fir 6 22 10 18 11 14 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 86 40

Western

hemlock 2 4 5 5 13 4 6 0 0 11 4 0 0 54 47

Western larch 24 34 73 72 49 37 38 74 11 25 14 18 18 486 16Western redcedar 24 23 29 39 14 42 27 20 19 17 15 3 42 314 26Western

w

hite pine 2 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 5 10 0 0 0 25 51

W

hitebark

pine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 100

Total softwoods 277 555 767 936 1,002 864 828 720 560 459 367 234 918 8,485

Hard

woods:

Bigleaf maple 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 100

Black cotton

wood 1 12 9 10 11 0 0 0 4 10 0 1 3 62 59

C

herry 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 100

Oregon

w

hite oak 12 5 3 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 49

Q

uakin

g aspen 3 9 14 31 4 18 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 85 65

Red alder 5 2 0 3 0 4 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 20 83

Western

paper birch 15 15 5 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 41 33

Willow 1 4 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 71

Total hard

woods 38 48 34 57 15 26 3 2 7 16 0 1 3 250

All species 315 603 801 993 1,018 889 831 721 567 475 367 235 920 8,735

SE for total (%) 10 9 9 8 8 9 10 10 11 12 14 19 23 5

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE

= sampling error.

0 = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.Includes growing-stock trees (noncull trees of com

mercial species) 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

25
Ta

ble 10

—

E

stim

ate

d

n

et v

olu

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e

of s

a

wtim

b

er o

n

n

o

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atio

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st tim

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erla

n

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s

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eter cla

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W

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hin

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n, Ja

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ary 1, 2

0

0

2

Diameter class (inches at breast height) All classes

9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 23.0- 25.0- 27.0-

Tree species 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 22.9 24.9 26.9 28.9 29.0+

Total S

E

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Million board

feet, Scribner rule - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - %

Softwoods:

Dou

glas-fir 994 1,415 1,781 1,592 1,728 1,492 1,401 984 829 507 2,796 15,519 11

E

n

gelman

n spruce 97 102 178 238 81 121 65 109 119 40 178 1,327 36

Gran

d fir 162 326 490 393 458 287 185 279 260 140 359 3,340 19

Lod

gepole pine 455 379 381 157 211 38 0 0 0 0 0 1,621 25

Mou

ntain

Hemlock 0 19 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 100

Pacific silver fir 0 24 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 100

Pon

derosa pine 393 888 1,213 1,217 1,316 1,312 1,097 801 694 541 1,797 11,270 10

Su

balpine fir 26 69 51 66 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 240 44

Western

hemlock 16 19 64 21 34 0 0 44 22 0 0 220 49

Western larch 244 302 214 183 193 397 56 133 78 104 92 1,998 18

Western redcedar 93 152 60 197 130 98 98 83 70 15 198 1,192 30

Western

w

hite pine 0 16 0 0 24 0 26 62 0 0 0 129 56

W

hitebark

pine 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 25 100

Total softwoods 2,480 3,711 4,433 4,137 4,176 3,744 2,982 2,496 2,071 1,347 5,420 36,997

Hard

woods:

Bigleaf maple 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 100

Black cotton

wood 0 39 48 0 0 0 20 51 0 5 12 175 54

Oregon

w

hite oak 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 100

Q

uakin

g aspen 0 100 20 80 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 233 55

Red alder 0 9 0 16 14 0 7 0 0 0 0 46 100

Western

paper birch 0 13 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 22 72

Willow 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 100

Total hard

woods 0 190 68 105 14 9 28 84 0 5 12 513

All species 2,480 3,901 4,500 4,242 4,189 3,753 3,009 2,580 2,071 1,351 5,432 37,509

SE for total (%) 9 8 8 9 10 11 11 12 14 19 23 6

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE

= sampling error.

0 = less than 500,000 board feet found.Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

26

General Technical Report PNW-RB-251
Table 11—Estimated net volume of growing-stock trees on nonnational-forest timberland by tree species and owner class, eastern

Washington, January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners

Forest type public industry private Total SE

- - - - - - - - Million cubic feet - - - - - - - - %

Softwoods:

Douglas-fir 1,058 488 1,929 3,474 10

Engelmann spruce 167 12 92 271 36

Grand fir 244 141 407 792 17

Lodgepole pine 157 69 281 507 23

Mountain hemlock 0 0 12 12 10

Pacific silver fir 0 0 23 23 100

Ponderosa pine 448 265 1,721 2,435 9

Subalpine fir 46 2 38 86 40

Western hemlock 6 17 31 54 47

Western larch 149 68 269 486 16

Western redcedar 117 96 101 314 26

Western white pine 10 9 6 25 51

Whitebark pine 5 0 0 5 100

Total softwoods 2,406 1,167 4,912 8,485

Hardwoods:

Bigleaf maple 3 0 0 3 100

Black cottonwood 1 4 56 62 59

Cherry 0 0 2 2 100

Oregon white oak 0 13 10 23 49

Quaking aspen 16 0 70 85 65

Red alder 20 0 0 20 83

Western paper birch 10 14 17 41 33

Willow 8 4 1 13 71

Total hardwoods 59 36 155 250

All species 2,464 1,203 5,067 8,735

SE for total (%) 12 15 7 5

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = 

sampling error.

0 = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.

Includes growing-stock trees (noncull trees of commercial species) 5.0 inches in d.b.h. 

and larger.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

27
Table 12—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on non-national-forest 

timberland by tree species and owner class, eastern Washington, 

January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners

Forest type public industry private Total SE

- - - Million board feet, Scribner rule- - - %

Softwoods:

Douglas-fir 5,248 1,971 8,300 15,519 11

Engelmann spruce 822 60 445 1,327 36

Grand fir 998 445 1,897 3,340 19

Lodgepole pine 443 191 987 1,621 25

Mountain hemlock 0 0 50 50 100

Pacific silver fir 0 0 65 65 100

Ponderosa pine 2,161 1,064 8,045 11,270 10

Subalpine fir 140 0 100 240 44

Western hemlock 25 48 147 220 49

Western larch 624 245 1,128 1,998 18

Western redcedar 475 378 339 1,192 30

Western white pine 59 46 24 129 56

Whitebark pine 25 0 0 25 100

Total softwoods 11,022 4,448 21,526 36,997

Hardwoods:

Bigleaf maple 12 0 0 12 100

Black cottonwood 0 22 153 175 54

Oregon white oak 0 9 0 9 100

Quaking aspen 64 0 169 233 55

Red alder 46 0 0 46 100

Western paper birch 9 0 13 22 72

Willow 17 0 0 17 100

Total hardwoods 147 30 335 513

All species 11,169 4,479 21,862 37,509

SE for total (%) 14 16 7 6

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = 

sampling error.

0 = less than 500,000 board feet found.

Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood 

sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

28

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Table 13—Estimated net volume of growing-stock trees on non-national-forest timberland by 

forest type and stand size class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Seedling- Small Large All classes

Forest type sapling Poletimber sawtimber sawtimber Total SE

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Million cubic feet - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 228 278 3,470 444 4,419 11

Engelmann spruce 0 0 147 83 230 57

Grand fir 47 39 386 0 472 37

Lodgepole pine 22 145 349 0 515 33

Ponderosa pine 65 90 1,888 87 2,130 12

Subalpine fir 10 13 153 0 176 66

Western larch 8 64 139 0 211 44

Western redcedar 6 38 242 34 321 35

Total softwood types 385 667 6,773 649 8,475

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 19 0 0 0 19 100

Black cottonwood 0 31 45 0 76 72

Cherry 7 0 0 0 7 100

Oregon white oak 4 0 0 0 4 100

Quaking aspen 0 55 0 0 55 100

Red alder 0 21 0 0 21 100

Western paper birch 11 59 0 0 70 61

Total hardwood types 42 166 45 0 252

Nonstocked 8 70

All types 427 833 6,818 649 8,735

SE for total (%) 15 18 7 42 5

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling error.

0 = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.

Includes growing-stock trees (noncull trees of commercial species) 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

29
Table 14—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on non-national-forest timberland by forest type

and stand size class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Seedling- Small Large All classes

Forest type sapling Poletimber sawtimber sawtimber Total SE

- - - - - - - - - - - - Million board feet, Scribner rule- - - - - - - - - - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 811 665 15,539 2,471 19,485 12

Engelmann spruce 0 0 614 428 1,042 57

Grand fir 165 139 1,825 0 2,129 40

Lodgepole pine 90 292 1,263 0 1,646 38

Ponderosa pine 234 213 8,679 472 9,598 13

Subalpine fir 32 40 662 0 735 68

Western larch 12 164 636 0 813 50

Western redcedar 7 87 1,030 180 1,304 35

Total softwood types 1,352 1,601 30,248 3,550 36,751

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 105 0 0 0 105 100

Black cottonwood 0 40 201 0 241 85

Cherry 40 0 0 0 40 100

Oregon white oak 7 0 0 0 7 100

Quaking aspen 0 103 0 0 103 100

Red alder 0 63 0 0 63 100

Western paper birch 41 121 0 0 162 56

Total hardwood types 193 327 201 0 721

Nonstocked 37 73

All types 1,545 1,928 30,449 3,550 37,509

SE for total (%) 17 19 7 43 6

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling error.

0 = less than 500,000 board feet found.

Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h.

and larger.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

30

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Table 15—Estimated net volume of growing-stock trees on non-nationalforest timberland by forest type and owner class, eastern Washington,

January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners

Forest type public industry private Total SE

- - - - - - - - Million cubic feet - - - - - - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 1,357 673 2,389 4,419 11

Engelmann spruce 230 0 0 230 57

Grand fir 162 47 264 472 37

Lodgepole pine 177 72 266 515 33

Ponderosa pine 357 238 1,535 2,130 12

Subalpine fir 50 10 116 176 66

Western larch 32 0 179 211 44

Western redcedar 47 127 147 321 35

Total softwood types 2,413 1,167 4,895 8,475

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 0 0 19 19 100

Black cottonwood 0 0 76 76 72

Cherry 0 0 7 7 100

Oregon white oak 0 0 4 4 100

Quaking aspen 0 0 55 55 100

Red alder 21 0 0 21 100

Western paper birch 30 28 11 70 61

Total hardwood types 52 28 172 252

Nonstocked 0 8 0 8 70

All types 2,464 1,203 5,067 8,735

SE for total (%) 12 15 7 5

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = 

sampling error.

0 = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.

Includes growing-stock trees (noncull trees of commercial species) 5.0 inches in d.b.h. 

and larger.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

31
Table 16—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on non-national-forest 

timberland by forest type and owner class, eastern Washington, 

January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners

Forest type public industry private Total SE

- - - - Million board feet, Scribner rule - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 6,574 2,624 10,287 19,485 12

Engelmann spruce 1,042 0 0 1,042 57

Grand fir 747 146 1,236 2,129 40

Lodgepole pine 573 116 957 1,646 38

Ponderosa pine 1,636 901 7,062 9,598 13

Subalpine fir 212 32 490 735 68

Western larch 70 0 742 813 50

Western redcedar 185 568 551 1,304 35

Total softwood types 11,039 4,387 21,324 36,751

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 0 0 105 105 100

Black cottonwood 0 0 241 241 85

Cherry 0 0 40 40 100

Oregon white oak 0 0 7 7 100

Quaking aspen 0 0 103 103 100

Red alder 63 0 0 63 100

Western paper birch 67 54 41 162 56

Total hardwood types 129 54 537 721

Nonstocked 0 37 0 37 73

All types 11,169 4,479 21,862 37,509

SE for total (%) 14 16 7 6

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = 

sampling error.

0 = less than 500,000 board feet found.

Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood 

sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

32

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Table 17—Estimated net volume of trees on non-national-forest 

timberland by class of timber and species group, eastern 

Washington, January 1, 2002

Softwood Hardwood All species

Class of timber species species Total SE

- - - - - - Million cubic feet - - - - - - - %

Growing-stock trees:

Sawtimber treesSaw-log portion 7,392 109 7,501 6

Upper stem portion 261 20 282 6

Total, sawtimber 7,653 130 7,783

Poletimber trees 832 120 952 9

All growing-stock trees 8,485 250 8,735

Cull trees:

Sound cull 13 8 21 42

Rotten cull 25 13 37 36

Total, cull trees 38 21 58

All timber 8,523 270 8,793

SE for total (%) 5 29 5

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = 

sampling error.

0 = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.

Includes live trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger; sound cull includes trees of 

noncommercial species.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

33
Table 18—Estimated current net annual volume growth of growing-stock 

trees on non-national-forest timberland by forest type and owner class,

eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners

Forest type public industry private Total SE

- - - - - - - - Thousand cubic feet - - - - - - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 23,041 26,218 59,507 108,767 10

Engelmann spruce -505 0 0 -505 100

Grand fir 2,084 1,970 5,205 9,259 29

Lodgepole pine 2,320 1,083 5,869 9,271 30

Ponderosa pine 8,649 9,346 36,812 54,807 12

Subalpine fir 1,372 340 851 2,563 64

Western larch 1,357 0 6,132 7,490 46

Western redcedar 500 4,012 2,760 7,272 32

Total softwood types 38,818 42,969 117,136 198,923

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 0 0 261 261 100

Black cottonwood 0 0 2,194 2,194 99

Cherry 0 0 181 181 100

Oregon white oak 0 0 80 80 100

Quaking aspen 0 0 -140 -140 100

Red alder 673 0 0 673 100

Western paper birch 191 475 225 891 60

Total hardwood types 864 475 2,800 4,139

Nonstocked 0 153 0 153 112

All types 39,682 43,597 119,937 203,216

SE for total (%) 14 16 7 6

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; 

SE = sampling error.

0 = less than 500 cubic feet found.

Includes growing-stock trees (noncull trees of commercial species) 5.0 inches 

in d.b.h. and larger.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

34

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Table 19—Estimated current net annual volume growth of sawtimber on 

non-national-forest timberland by forest type and owner class, eastern

Washington, January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners 

Forest type public industry private Total SE

- - - - - Thousand board feet, Scribner rule- - - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 153,918 131,542 343,300 628,760 11

Engelmann spruce 934 0 0 934 100

Grand fir 9,699 10,399 35,038 55,136 38

Lodgepole pine 14,046 1,161 33,960 49,167 40

Ponderosa pine 37,310 42,934 203,653 283,897 12

Subalpine fir 7,710 1,703 6,842 16,255 57

Western larch 2,126 0 23,574 25,700 54

Western redcedar 2,081 17,997 11,185 31,263 33

Total softwood types 227,824 205,736 657,552 1,091,112

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 0 0 1,926 1,926 100

Black cottonwood 0 0 5,318 5,318 77

Cherry 0 0 1,197 1,197 100

Oregon white oak 0 0 236 236 100

Quaking aspen 0 0 847 847 100

Red alder 1,776 0 0 1,776 100

Western paper birch 1,313 1,590 1,438 4,341 53

Total hardwood types 3,089 1,590 10,962 15,641

Nonstocked 0 929 0 929 94

All types 230,914 208,255 668,514 1,107,683

SE for total (%) 13 18 8 6

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling 

error.

0 = less than 500 board feet found.

Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood sawtimber 

trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

35
Table 20—Estimated average annual mortality volume of growing-stock 

trees on non-national-forest timberland by forest type and owner class, 

eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners

Forest type public industry private Total SE

- - - - - - - - Thousand cubic feet - - - - - - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 13,571 7,392 20,071 41,035 12

Engelmann spruce 3,230 0 0 3,230 68

Grand fir 1,888 393 4,495 6,775 44

Lodgepole pine 2,478 1,067 3,831 7,376 35

Ponderosa pine 2,090 1,358 8,951 12,398 15

Subalpine fir 898 34 1,658 2,589 66

Western larch 552 0 2,059 2,611 43

Western redcedar 483 935 1,611 3,030 41

Total softwood types 25,191 11,178 42,675 79,044

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 0 0 172 172 100

Black cottonwood 0 0 1,806 1,806 71

Cherry 0 0 43 43 100

Oregon white oak 0 0 111 111 100

Quaking aspen 0 0 1,531 1,531 100

Red alder 405 0 0 405 100

Western paper birch 436 482 199 1,117 60

Total hardwood types 841 482 3,863 5,185

Nonstocked 0 141 0 141 94

All types 26,032 11,801 46,537 84,371

SE for total (%) 14 18 9 7

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = 

sampling error.

0 = less than 500 cubic feet found

Includes growing-stock trees (noncull trees of commercial species) 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and 

larger.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

36

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Table 21—Estimated average annual mortality volume of sawtimber on 

non-national-forest timberland by forest type and owner class, eastern

Washington, January 1, 2002

Other Forest Other All owners 

Forest type public industry private Total SE

- - - -Thousand board feet, Scribner rule- - - - %

Softwood types:

Douglas-fir 61,317 27,286 78,733 167,335 13

Engelmann spruce 13,944 0 0 13,944 67

Grand fir 7,632 847 21,397 29,876 48

Lodgepole pine 7,494 1,691 13,288 22,472 41

Ponderosa pine 8,860 3,761 35,819 48,441 17

Subalpine fir 3,591 15 7,113 10,719 70

Western larch 1,102 0 8,354 9,456 51

Western redcedar 1,960 4,289 6,657 12,905 42

Total softwood types 105,900 37,888 171,360 315,149

Hardwood types:

Bigleaf maple 0 0 937 937 100

Black cottonwood 0 0 5,393 5,393 81

Cherry 0 0 244 244 100

Oregon white oak 0 0 160 160 100

Quaking aspen 0 0 2,900 2,900 100

Red alder 1,128 0 0 1,128 100

Western paper birch 542 701 651 1,893 55

Total hardwood types 1,670 701 10,284 12,655

Nonstocked 0 721 0 721 96

All types 107,570 39,310 181,645 328,525

SE for total (%) 15 21 10 8

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling

error.

0 = less than 500 board feet found.

Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood sawtimber 

trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

37
Table 22—Estimated area, net volume of growing stock, and net volume of sawtimber on non-national-forest timberland, by stand age and

owner class, eastern Washington, January 1, 2002

Other public Forest industry Other private All owners

Growing- Saw- Growing- Saw- Growing- Saw- Growing- Sawstock timber stock timber stock timber stock timber

Stand age Area volume volume Area volume volume Area volume volume Area volume volume

Thousand Million Million Thousand Million Million Thousand Million Million Thousand Million Million

acres cubic feet board feet acres cubic feet board feet acres cubic feet board feet acres cubic feet board feet

0-9 11 0 0 50 26 76 111 62 265 172 89 341

10-19 0 0 0 186 64 244 191 47 172 377 110 416

20-29 23 26 115 35 2 0 207 181 620 265 208 735

30-39 36 57 172 26 13 44 84 112 450 146 182 666

40-49 34 27 66 73 123 431 103 95 291 211 245 789

50-59 30 64 290 76 157 634 236 407 1,575 342 628 2,499

60-69 82 242 1,017 76 190 652 250 659 2,527 409 1,091 4,197

70-79 63 149 596 103 256 938 341 783 3,465 507 1,189 5,000

80-89 44 315 1,506 102 140 492 294 806 3,494 440 1,261 5,492

90-99 126 441 1,782 36 62 277 247 852 3,914 410 1,355 5,974

100-109 61 221 989 52 150 578 95 290 1,290 208 660 2,857

110-119 36 159 724 0 0 0 46 169 819 82 328 1,543

120-129 34 130 546 0 0 0 48 196 936 82 326 1,482

130-139 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

140-149 14 103 557 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 103 557

150-159 21 67 293 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 67 293

160-169 13 75 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 75 410

170-179 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 32 162 14 32 162

180-189 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

190-199 20 83 428 0 0 0 26 109 572 46 193 1,000

200-299 41 305 1,677 2 21 112 41 101 496 83 427 2,286

300+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 166 812 26 166 812

Nonstocked 24 0 0 13 0 0 27 0 0 64 0 0

Total, all ages 714 2,464 11,169 830 1,203 4,479 2,388 5,067 21,862 3,931 8,735 37,509

SE for total (%) 9 12 14 9 15 16 4 7 7 3 5 6

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling error.0 = less than 500 acres, 500,000 cubic feet, or 500,000 board feet found.

Growing-stock volume includes noncull trees of commercial species 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger

Sawtimber volume is in Scribner rule and includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

Nonstocked areas were less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.

38

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Ta

ble

2

3

—

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ate

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gro

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a

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al gro

wth, a

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ortality, a

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ners

C

urrent C

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gross Average Average gross Average Average gross Average Average gross Average Average

an

n

ual an

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ual an

n

ual an

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ual an

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ual an

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ual an

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ual growth an

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n

ual an

n

ual an

n

ual

S

pecies growth

mortality removals growth

mortality removals an

n

ual mortality removals growth

mortality removals

Thousand cubic feet

Softwoods:

Dou

glas-fir 29,494 9,314 7,579 26,891 4,029 59,971 71,422 13,851 60,355 127,807 27,193 127,905

E

n

gelman

n spruce 1,595 1,909 0 414 6 480 1,484 696 0 3,493 2,611 480

Gran

d fir 9,666 4,608 1,953 6,784 2,539 14,062 16,354 8,036 36,451 32,804 15,183 52,466

Lod

gepole pine 5,800 2,684 2,928 1,936 1,115 9,258 7,825 4,997 10,232 15,560 8,796 22,417

Mou

ntain

hemlock 0 0 0 0 0 0 234 6 0 234 6 0

Pacific silver fir 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,840 565 0 1,840 565 0

Pon

derosa pine 8,917 2,130 2,016 9,808 1,640 14,692 44,997 9,358 45,499 63,723 13,129 62,208

Su

balpine fir 2,014 695 0 116 23 753 1,255 800 0 3,385 1,518 753

Western

hemlock 129 3 0 1,589 95 1,061 654 279 0 2,371 377 1,061

Western larch 3,567 2,327 1,602 3,330 1,138 8,841 10,101 3,245 6,161 16,998 6,710 16,604

Western redcedar 2,293 273 693 3,324 133 1,257 3,402 335 1,179 9,019 741 3,129

Western

w

hite pine 610 195 0 200 172 463 83 113 0 892 480 463

W

hitebark

pine 5 94 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 94 0

Total softwoods 64,088 24,231 16,771 54,392 10,890 110,839 159,651 42,282 159,877 278,131 77,403 287,487

Hard

woods:

Bigleaf maple 64 99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 99 0

Black cotton

wood 147 22 0 147 123 0 3,471 1,515 0 3,766 1,660 0

C

herry 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 55 0 185 55 0

Oregon

w

hite oak 0 0 0 192 250 318 283 139 0 475 389 318

Q

uakin

g aspen 133 595 0 0 0 0 1,661 2,010 349 1,794 2,605 349

Red alder 923 534 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 923 534 0

Western

paper birch 219 283 0 479 443 229 527 520 0 1,224 1,247 229

Willow 140 268 0 187 96 0 698 16 0 1,025 379 0

Total hard

woods 1,626 1,801 0 1,006 911 547 6,823 4,256 349 9,455 6,968 896

All species 65,714 26,032 16,771 55,398 11,801 111,386 166,474 46,537 160,226 287,587 84,371 288,383

SE for total (%) 11 14 32 15 18 21 6 9 16 5 7 12

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE

= sampling error.

0 = less than 500 cubic feet found.

Includes growing-stock trees (noncull trees of com

mercial species) 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

39
Ta

ble

2

4

—

E

stim

ate

d

gro

s

s

a

n

n

u

al gro

wth, a

v

era

g

e

a

n

n

u

al m

ortality, a

n

d

a

v

era

g

e

a

n

n

u

al re

m

o

v

als

of s

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b

er o

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o

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atio

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st tim

b

erla

n

d, b

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p

e

cie

s

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er cla

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a

stern

W

a

s

hin

gto

n, J

a

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u

ary 1, 2

0

0

2

Other p

u

blic Forest in

d

ustry

Other private All ow

ners

C

urrent C

urrent C

urrent C

urrent

gross Average Average gross Average Average gross Average Average gross Average Average

an

n

ual an

n

ual an

n

ual an

n

ual an

n

ual an

n

ual an

n

ual growth an

n

ual an

n

ual an

n

ual an

n

ual

S

pecies growth

mortality removals growth

mortality removals an

n

ual mortality removals growth

mortality removals

Thousand board

feet, Scribner rule

Softwoods:

Dou

glas-fir 159,933 43,887 34,797 147,720 15,419 297,431 378,977 56,134 285,823 686,630 115,441 618,051

E

n

gelman

n spruce 9,797 8,993 0 2,358 29 2,778 11,887 3,151 0 24,042 12,173 2,778

Gran

d fir 53,709 19,090 9,713 25,581 8,518 65,424 80,984 39,030 188,000 160,274 66,639 263,137

Lod

gepole pine 20,831 8,334 5,010 6,622 3,425 30,484 51,126 18,666 33,816 78,579 30,425 69,310

Mou

ntain

hemlock 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,215 24 0 1,215 24 0

Pacific silver fir 0 0 0 0 0 0 668 1,466 0 668 1,466 0

Pon

derosa pine 45,532 8,851 9,746 40,237 5,256 75,537 245,338 35,313 215,379 331,107 49,420 300,662

Su

balpine fir 7,585 2,009 0 0 0 2,822 3,443 2,490 0 11,027 4,499 2,822

Western

hemlock 729 12 0 2,902 344 4,451 4,191 1,248 0 7,822 1,603 4,451

Western larch 13,940 9,183 6,515 6,372 4,063 39,148 44,941 13,215 27,935 65,253 26,461 73,599

Western redcedar 11,277 987 3,631 14,023 513 4,460 13,273 949 5,551 38,573 2,449 13,642

Western

w

hite pine 4,205 1,154 0 1,215 891 2,448 370 472 0 5,789 2,517 2,448

W

hitebark

pine 32 497 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 497 0

Total softwoods 327,569 102,996 69,410 247,031 38,459 524,984 836,412 172,158 756,505 1,411,012 313,614 1,350,900

Hard

woods:

Bigleaf maple 373 343 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 373 3430 0

Black cotton

wood 0 0 0 468 628 0 7,669 4,161 0 8,137 4,7890 0

C

herry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Oregon

w

hite oak 0 0 0 67 223 0 0 0 0 67 223 0

Q

uakin

g aspen 912 2,428 0 0 0 0 5,716 4,824 0 6,628 7,252 0

Red alder 1,694 1,119 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,694 1,119 0

Western

paper birch 192 197 0 0 0 0 361 501 0 553 698 0

Willow 7,743 487 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,743 487 0

Total hard

woods 10,914 4,574 0 535 851 0 13,747 9,486 0 25,196 14,911 0

All species 338,484 107,570 69,410 247,566 39,310 524,984 850,159 181,645 756,505 1,436,208 328,525 1,350,900

SE for total (%) 12 15 33 17 21 21 8 10 17 6 8 12

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE

= sampling error.

0 = less than 500 board feet foundIncludes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

40

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Table 25—Estimated changes in area of non-national-forest timberland by owner 

class, eastern Washington, 1990-91 to 2002

Other Forest Other All owners

Description of change public industry private Total SE

- - - - - - - - - Thousand acres - - - - - - - - %

Timberland area published in 1990-91 764 878 2,366 4,008

New estimate of timberland area for 1990-

91, based on remeasured plots only 761 884 2,292 3,938

Area change due to:

Change caused by new reserve definition -50 0 129 79

Changes in inventory area—

To national forest -4 -53 0 -57 28

From national forest 0 6 0 6 77

To reserved -16 0 0 -16

Net change -21 -47 0 -68

Changes in land class—

Timberland to rights-of-way 0 0 -22 -22 71

Changes in ownership—

From other public 0 0 0 0 0

From forest industry 11 -106 95 0 31

From other private 29 98 -127 0 31

Net change 40 -8 -32 0

Timberland area in 2002 731 829 2,367 3,927

SE for total (%) 6 8 4 2

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling error.

SE for ownership was calculated for the negative values.

0 = less than 500 acres found.

Negative values are losses of timberland, and positive values are gains of timberland.

Values in this table were derived from a survey-unit level stratification and differ slightly from values 

in other tables in this report.

Owner was updated for some plots, contributing to differences in estimates by owner in 1991.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

41
Table 26—Estimated changes in net volume of growing stock on non-national-forest timberland by species group and owner class,

eastern Washington, 1990-91 to 2002

Softwood species Hardwood species All species

Other Forest Other All Other Forest Other All

Description public industry private owners public industry private owners Total SE

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Million cubic feet- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - %

Volume published in 1990-91 2,155 2,005 4,858 9,018 68 27 182 277 9,295

Estimate of 1990-91 volume,

based on remeasured plots only 2,392 1,806 4,855 9,053 90 19 157 266 9,319

Volume changes due to:

Change in reserve definition -176 0 456 280 -32 0 8 -24 256Changes in inventory area—

To national forest -30 -153 0 -183 0 0 0 0 -183 51

From national forest 0 28 0 28 0 0 0 0 28 102

To reserved -84 0 0 -84 -2 0 0 -2 -86

Net change -115 -125 0 -240 -2 0 0 -2 -241

Changes in land class—

Timberland to rights-of-way 0 0 -55 -55 0 0 -19 -19 -74 97

Changes in ownership—

From other public 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

From forest industry 8 -170 161 0 0 0 0 0 0 42

From other private 57 239 -297 0 0 13 -13 0 0 35

Net change 66 70 -135 0 0 13 -13 0 0

Growth, mortality, and harvest—

Periodic gross growth 591 724 1,824 3,139 14 12 57 83 3,222 5Periodic mortality -179 -128 -407 -714 -12 -2 -28 -41 -756 10

Periodic removals -173 -1,179 -1,626 -2,978 0 -6 -7 -13 -2,991 11

Net change 239 -584 -208 -554 2 4 23 29 -525

Total volume in 2002 2,406 1,167 4,912 8,485 59 36 155 250 8,735

SE for total (%) 12 15 7 5 44 38 44 30 5

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE = sampling error; for ownership, SE was calculated for the sum of the negative values.

0 = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.Includes growing-stock trees (noncull trees of commercial species) 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger; negative values result from loss of timberland, mortality, or removals.

Owner was updated for some plots, contributing to differences in estimates by owner in 1991.

42

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Ta

ble

2

7

—

E

stim

ate

d

c

h

a

n

g

e

s in

n

et v

olu

m

e

of s

a

wtim

b

er o

n

n

o

n-n

atio

n

al-fore

st tim

b

erla

n

d

b

y

s

p

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cie

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gro

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a

n

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o

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er cla

s

s, e

a

stern

W

a

s

hin

gto

n, 19

9

0-91 to

2

0

0

2

Softwood species Hard

wood species All species

Other Forest Other All Other Forest Other All

Description

p

u

blic in

d

ustry

private ow

ners p

u

blic in

d

ustry

private ow

ners Total S

E

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Million board

feet, Scriber rule - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - %

Volu

me p

u

blished in 1990-91 9,284 8,473 19,810 37,566 221 62 488 770 38,336

Estimate of 1990-91 volu

me,

based on remeasured

plots only 11,266 7,284 19,843 38,393 411 8 294 714 39,107

Volu

me chan

ges due to:

C

han

ge in reserve definition -697 0 2,054 1,357 -139 0 10 -129 1,229

C

han

ges in in

ventory area—

To national forest -144 -630 0 -773 0 0 0 0 -773 54

From

national forest 0 134 0 134 0 0 0 0 134 100

To reserved -1,080 0 0 -1,080 -139 0 0 -139 -1,219

Net chan

ge -1,224 -496 0 -1,720 -139 0 0 -139 -1,859

C

han

ges in lan

d class—

Tim

berlan

d to rig

hts-of-way 0 0 -235 -235 0 0 -73 -73 -308 73

C

han

ges in ow

nership

—

From other p

u

blic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

From forest in

dustry 28 -791 763 0 0 0 0 0 0 45

From other private 143 848 -991 0 0 17 -17 0 0 34

Net chan

ge 171 57 -228 0 0 17 -17 0 0

Growth, mortality, an

d

harvest—

Periodic gross growth 2,880 3,560 9,268 15,707 56 5 160 220 15,928 5

Periodic mortality -656 -364 -1,451 -2,471 -43 0 -24 -66 -2,537 12

Periodic removals -718 -5,592 -7,725 -14,035 0 0 -15 -15 -14,050 12

Net chan

ge 1,506 -2,397 92 -798 13 5 121 139 -659

Total volu

me in 2002 11,022 4,448 21,526 36,997 147 30 335 513 37,509

SE for total (%) 14 16 8 6 55 77 48 35 6

Note: totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error; SE

= sampling error; for ownership, SE

was calculated for the sum of the negative values.

0 = less than 500,000 board feet found.Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

O

wner was updated for some plots, contributing to differences in estimates by owner in 1991.

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

43
Table 28—Estimated sawtimber harvest volume by year and 

owner class, eastern Washington, 1955-2001 

Year National forest Other public Private All owners

Thousand board feet, Scribner rule

1955 172,714 47,673 537,955 758,342

1956 217,290 46,097 504,073 767,460

1957 227,845 37,657 485,045 750,547

1958 250,764 29,131 491,670 771,565

1959 330,307 35,716 536,507 902,530

1960 272,884 29,195 536,180 838,259

1961 288,501 27,229 481,854 797,584

1962 400,062 37,159 454,426 891,647

1963 411,925 41,419 491,028 944,372

1964 427,596 38,232 547,882 1,013,710

1965 433,090 75,941 530,562 1,039,593

1966 428,176 75,922 526,794 1,030,892

1967 448,802 84,539 531,740 1,065,081

1968 472,669 102,260 603,772 1,178,701

1969 426,409 118,017 523,715 1,068,141

1970 332,863 67,014 490,807 890,684

1971 385,967 110,434 573,711 1,070,112

1972 481,759 91,899 615,658 1,189,316

1973 439,170 113,300 666,398 1,218,868

1974 382,870 76,699 683,056 1,142,625

1975 339,847 66,583 606,463 1,012,893

1976 363,896 78,859 689,188 1,131,943

1977 321,884 116,758 730,581 1,169,223

1978 339,443 108,993 771,153 1,219,589

1979 291,369 89,186 747,201 1,127,756

1980 316,864 55,485 686,626 1,058,975

1981 297,105 51,486 585,130 933,721

1982 178,788 23,331 525,473 727,592

1983 399,356 92,725 634,084 1,126,165

1984 327,596 123,010 597,153 1,047,759

1985 324,138 96,516 683,390 1,104,044

1986 396,551 108,974 718,637 1,224,162

1987 462,312 146,022 729,928 1,338,262

1988 426,280 121,557 748,721 1,296,558

1989 433,511 119,929 805,671 1,359,111

1990 313,259 102,628 759,905 1,175,792

1991 284,304 68,673 737,433 1,090,410

1992 205,206 58,175 799,594 1,062,975

1993 160,975 68,012 793,654 1,022,641

1994 85,664 48,561 787,700 921,925

1995 71,306 96,337 807,793 975,436

1996 147,407 107,802 822,891 1,078,100

1997 105,281 97,482 786,045 988,808

1998 58,681 77,859 755,708 892,248

1999 70,749 89,482 847,700 1,007,931

2000 59,743 89,741 803,309 952,793

2001 61,332 73,633 739,183 874,148

Source: Washington timber harvest reports, Washington Department of Natural 

Resources.

44

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251
Appendix

The field plots selected for the 2001 inventory of eastern Washington consisted of 

742 forest and nonforest field locations established in previous inventories. These

plots were systematically selected to represent three-fifths of the base inventory

grid sampled in 1990. To ensure adequate representation of forest and nonforest

plots in each county, the selection of plots was done by dividing the plots in the

1990 inventory into forest and nonforest categories, sorting by county and plot

number, and sequentially selecting every first, third, and fifth plot in each group 

of five sorted plots.

Examination of inventory results (specifically table 25) indicated that the 

new estimate of timberland in 1990 (3,938,000 acres) was lower than the estimate

reported in McKay et al. (1995) (4,008,000 acres). All area estimates and inventory

procedures were double-checked for errors. It was found, as shown in the table

below, that simply by chance, the systematic selection resulted in a slightly different ratio of number of timberland to total number of plots in 2001 (0.439) than in

1990 (0.449).

1990 2001

Number Ratio to Number Ratio to Adjusted 

Land type of plots total plots of plots total plots number of plots

Timberland 560 0.449 326 0.439 326

Other forest 118 .095 76 .102 69

Nonforest 568 .456 340 .458 331

All 1,246 742 726

Since the field measurement had already been completed and a few years had 

already passed, it was not possible to adjust the selection and measure additional

timberland plots to match the ratio in the 1990 sample. However, it was possible 

to randomly drop other forest and nonforest plots from the 2001 data to match the

1990 timberland-to-total plots ratio. For example, using 69 of the 76 other forest

plots and 331 of the 340 nonforest plots.

Although adjusting the grid after the fact would arguably result in inventory

results that were a more accurate reflection of change since 1990, adjusting a sample after examining problematic results introduces a direct bias into the inventory

that was not there with the original sample. In addition, the effect was relatively

minor, and the difference between the new estimate of timberland in 1990 and the

one reported in McKay et al. (1995), 70,000 acres, was still within one standard 

Timber Resource Statistics for Forest Land in Eastern Washington, January 2002

45
error of the estimate (SE = 80,000 acres). The decision was made to not adjust the 

selected plots in the inventory. However, the result of the (potentially) more accurate adjusted inventory, and those published in this report, could be of interest, and 

selected results for tables 25 through 27 are compared in the table below.

Value Units Unadjusted Adjusted

New estimate of timberland area for Thousand acres 3,938 3,980

1990-91, based on remeasured plots only

Timberland area in 2002 Thousand acres 3,927 3,968

Estimate of 1990-91 volume, based on Million cubic feet 9,319 9,386

remeasured plots only

Total volume in 2002 Million cubic feet 8,735 8,805

Estimate of 1990-91 volume, based on Million board feet, 39,107 39,356

remeasured plots only Scribner rule

Total volume in 2002 Million board feet, 37,509 37,788

Scribner rule

46

Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-251