IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 16-0113

Filed April 27, 2016

IN THE INTEREST OF K.H.,

Minor Child,

P.H., Father,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Jasper County, Steven J. 

Holwerda, District Associate Judge.

A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child. 

AFFIRMED.

Larry J. Pettigrew of Pettigrew Law Firm, P.C., Newton, for appellant 

father.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant 

Attorney General, for appellee State.

Meegan M. Langmaid-Keller of Keller Law Office P.C., Altoona, for minor 

child.

Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ.
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DOYLE, Judge.

A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child. He 

concedes the grounds for termination exist but argues that termination is not in 

the child’s best interests. Because clear and convincing evidence shows 

termination is in the child’s best interests, we affirm.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

The child came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human 

Services (DHS) in December 2014 when both parents tested positive for drug 

use at the time of the child’s birth. The child was removed from the parents’ care 

and adjudicated a child in need of assistance (CINA) pursuant to Iowa Code 

section 232.2(6)(b), (c)(2), and (n) (2013). The mother had three other children 

who had already been adjudicated CINA at the time the child at issue was born.

In January 2015, drug testing revealed the father had used both marijuana 

and methamphetamine. He completed a substance-abuse evaluation in May 

2015, which recommended he undergo extended outpatient treatment. The 

father began outpatient treatment but stopped attending in June 2015. He never 

completed formal substance-abuse treatment but reported he began receiving 

treatment from a church-based support group beginning in April 2015. However, 

the group does not offer counseling, provide drug screens, or require attendance.

The father was offered supervised visits with the child but failed to attend 

these visits from January until April and from mid-May until mid-July 2015. He 

also failed to attend a permanency hearing in June 2015. Thereafter, the

permanency goal was changed from reunification to termination of parental 

rights.
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A petition seeking to terminate parental rights was filed in October 2015, 

and the termination hearing was held in December 2015. In its order, the 

juvenile court found clear and convincing evidence supported terminating both 

the mother’s and the father’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 

232.116(1)(d), (e), (g), (h), and (l). The court further found termination was in the 

child’s best interests based on the impact the parents’ substance-abuse 

problems have on their ability to care for the child, their refusal to comply with the 

requests made by the court and the DHS, and their inability to maintain safe and 

stable housing. Finally, the court declined to apply any of the exceptions to 

termination set forth in section 232.116(3). Accordingly, it terminated both the 

mother’s and the father’s parental rights.1

The father appeals.

II. Scope and Standard of Review.

We review termination-of-parental-rights proceedings de novo. See In re 

T.S., 868 N.W.2d 425, 431 (Iowa Ct. App. 2015). We give weight to the juvenile 

court’s fact-findings, especially those concerning witness credibility. See In re 

A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). We are not bound by them, however. 

See id.

III. Best Interests.

The father does not challenge the evidence supporting the grounds for 

termination. He instead argues termination is not in the child’s best interests. 

See Iowa Code § 232.116(2). We cannot agree. The father had been using 

drugs since 2007. Although the father testified he abstained from drug use for 

 

1 The termination of the mother’s parental rights is not at issue in this appeal.
4

more than nine months leading up to the termination hearing, no reliable 

evidence substantiates his claim. Instead, the record shows the father refused to 

provide a hair sample for drug testing in October 2015. When asked about his 

refusal, the father testified it was his “right” to decline testing, he “didn’t want to,” 

and he “felt like it’s been enough” because he had “done hair follicle tests before” 

and did not want “another patch of hair taken out of [his] head.” The father 

denied he declined the test due to drug use, even though he understood that 

failing to take the drug test would impact his ability to have the child returned to 

his care. At the termination hearing, the father provided results of a drug test 

allegedly performed in November 2015 that showed no signs of recent drug use, 

as well as a substance-abuse evaluation he reportedly completed in October 

2015. However, neither document was provided to the DHS at any point before 

the termination hearing.

There were other concerns identified beyond the father’s substance 

abuse. He failed to complete a mental-health evaluation as ordered. The 

evidence shows he has difficulty controlling his temper and handling

confrontation, as he demonstrated during interactions at a staffing. It was also

evident in his behavior at the termination hearing, which the juvenile court noted 

in the termination order. The record indicates the father has a history of violent 

aggression as he had been convicted of simple assault and there were 

suspicions the father had perpetrated domestic abuse on the mother. 

Furthermore, the father was unable maintain safe and stable housing, lacked 

transportation, and was unemployed at the time of the termination hearing. His 

visits with the child never progressed beyond supervised visits.
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The record belies the father’s claims regarding his ability to remain sober 

and provide adequate care and shelter for the child. See In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 

489, 495 (Iowa 2000) (“Insight for the determination of the child’s long-range best 

interests can be gleaned from ‘evidence of the parent’s past performance for that 

performance may be indicative of the quality of the future care that parent is 

capable of providing.’” (citation omitted)). The father had a year in which to 

demonstrate he was capable of caring for the child and failed to do so. “Time is 

a critical element” in termination proceedings. Id. Once the statutory time period 

for termination has passed, termination proceedings are viewed with a sense of 

urgency. Id. Children are not equipped with pause buttons. See In re T.J.O., 

527 N.W.2d 417, 422 (Iowa Ct. App. 1994) (“Children simply cannot wait for 

responsible parenting. Parenting cannot be turned off and on like a spigot. It 

must be constant, responsible, and reliable.”); In re D.A., 506 N.W.2d 478, 479 

(Iowa Ct. App. 1993) (“The crucial days of childhood cannot be suspended while 

parents experiment with ways to face up to their own problems.”). Considering 

the young age of the child, the amount of time the father was given to address 

his shortcomings, and the father’s lack of progress to resolve his parenting 

deficiencies, termination is in the child’s best interests. Accordingly, we affirm.

AFFIRMED.