Un~ted States 3 Department of 

AgrlCUitUre Avifauna in Southern California 

oreservlce Chaparral: Seasonal Distribution, 

Pacific Southwest 

Researchstation Habitat Association, Reproductive 

Research Paper 

PSW-RP-209 Phenology 

William 0. Wirtz II 
Wirtz, Willia~n 0.. 11. 1991. Avifaunn in soulhcrn California chaparral: scasanal distribution, habitat association, rcpraductivc phcnology. Rcs. Papcr PSW-RP-209. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Soulhwesl Research Station, 

Favcst Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture; 19 p. 

Dals were obtained between February 1969 and Octobel. 1979 an thc se;sonal occurrence, lvilbitilt asso~latio~l. 

ieproductivephcnalogy, and rclativc nbu~tdancc ofnvifauna at two study sitcs in thcchaparral comnn~lnily ofthe San 

Gabricl Mountains of southern California. The purpose ofthe study was to collect infa~.mation on bid specics uscof 

this habitat and to documcnr ch.anges in the bird community over a 30.year period. During the stody, 128 species 

rcprcsenting 36 families were noted: 99 in lower clcvalion (914 to 1280 m) chaparral and I I0 at a higher clcvalion 

(1400m)chapurml-ycllowpincccolo~~esite.Eighty-wospccieswereabscrvcdatbotl~sites. Residenacolnprised35.4 

pcrcc~ltof thepopulationatll~elowel-elcvatiansitea~~d25.4percentatthehighersite. Vagl.antscornprised 18.2percenl 

of the popt~larian 1 the lower site aud 23.6 peltent at the higher site. Insects are consumed by 66.7 percent of all 

avifitiluna observcd in the chonarml. and seeds bv 32.6 oercent. Fou~.teen soecies reoorted earlier (1936-1913) at the 

~~CSC~IS a stllnmncy of I I years ordata on nbundance at hoth IocuUans. 

Ren-iuvril Terazr: hird community, seiisansl distribution, avifauna. chaparrill, San Gabriel Mountains, soutBcl.n 

Califainin 

The Author: 

WILLIAM 0. WlRTZ 11, is Professor of Biology. Pobnann Callcge, Clal.ernon1, California, and a Station 

coopemtor. This paper waspresenledat theSymposiumon IheClassificationand DistribotionafCvliforniaChapnrral 

Ecosystems, held in coi~junclion with the 60th Annual Meeting, Wcslern Society of Naturalists, December 28. 1979, 

Pornonu. California. It ha since then bccn rcviscd and updntcd. 

Acknowledgments: 

1 thank the Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, for financial support for research in the 

San Dilnas Experimcnlal Forest since 1974, Project Leadcrs Raymond M. Rice, C. Eugene Conrad, Paul H. Dunn, 

and Susan G. Conard fol.lheir continued support and cooperalion, and Charles G. Colver ibr special support of field 

workover 820-year period. Observations at MI. Billdy wcremadeprimwily on the Chapman Ranch, nndIespccially 

thank Pat and Bob Chapman far permission to use this ncea. Many presenland rormer stude~tls have aided with field 

work, especially sttldenrs or terrestrial ecology in 1976. Special thanks are duc Helcn Winz for be). participation in 

7 yen13 of lield work and for data analysis. Charles T. Collins, California State University, Long Beach, and Daniel 

A. Guthrie, Clal.ernont McKenoa College. Clnremont, California, provided helpful criticisms of the manuscript. 

Cover plroros clockwise from top right: Rcd-lsiled Hawk, For Spunow, Rurous-crowned Sparrow, Brown 

Towhee. Photos by Helen Wirtz. 

Publisher: 

Pacific Southwest Research Station 

P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California 94701 

July 1991 

Q U.S. RinW OKja: 1992.687562 
Avifauna in Southern California 

Chaparral: Seasonal Distribution, 

Habitat Association, Reproductive 

Phenology 

William 0. Wirtz II 

Contents 

.. In Brief ......................................................................................................................................... 11 

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 

Study Areas ................................................................................................................................. 1 

Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 2 

Results .......................................................................................................................................... 3 

Discussion and Collclusions ....................................................................................................... 4 

References .................................................................................................................................... 5 

Appendix ...................................................................................................................................... 6 

USDA Forest Service Res. PilpeiPSW-RP309. 1991 
In Brief. . . 

Wirtz, William 0.. 11. 1991. Avifauna in southern California 

chaparral: seasonal distribution, habltat association, reproductivephenology. Res.PaperPSWRP-209. Berkeley, 

CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, 

U.S. Department of Agriculture; 19 p. 

Retricvnl Tertits: bird community, seasonal distribution, avifauna, chapaural, Sari Gabriel Mountains, southern California 

Relatively little information is available concerning the avifauna of the chaparral co~n~nunities of the San Gabriel Mounlains of southern California. A checklist of the birds of the San 

Dimas Experi~nental Forest, on the south side of the San Gabriel 

Mountains in Los Angeles County, covering the period 1936- 

42, and a later compilation published in 1981 summarize all 

known inforniatio~i on southern California birds. To provide 

current information on bird species and to docutnent changes 

over the 30-year period since that earlier checklist was compiled, the relative abundance, habitat association, reproductive 

phenology, and seasonal occurrence of avifauna were studied in 

the San Dimas Experimental Forest from February 1969 to 

Septeinber 1979 and near Mt. Baldy Village FromJanuary 1973 

to October 1979. 

The 128 species noted represent 36 families; 99 species were 

in the lowerelevation (914-1280 m) chaparral of the Sa~i Di~iias 

Expelimental Forest; and 110 species in the higher elevation 

(1400 m) chapanal-yellow pineecotone near Mt. Baldy Village. 

Eighty-two species wereobserved at both sites. Composition of 

the population was as follows: 

Lower Hinher 

&)!&! elevnlion 

&%gy (,,erce,!ll (,,erce,,l) 

Residents 35.4 25.4 

Vagranls 18.2 23.6 

Spring breeders 18.2 16.4 

Migrants 16.2 15.4 

Fourteen species, rnostly migrants, reported earlier were not 

observed at lower sites. Species appaseutly lost include Dusky 

and Willow Flycatchers, Hutton's and Solitary Vireos, BurrowingOwl,Yellow-BilledCuckoo,WinterWren,andSageSparrow. 

Twenty species, rnostly vagrants, not previously I-eported at 

lower sites were observed. A noteworthy addition is the Common Raven, now regularly seen in the San Dimas Experimental 

Forest. Breeding of 24 resident and 13 spring breeding species 

in chaparral was documented; an additional 11 resident and 5 

spring breeding species were considered likely to breed in this 

habitat. Insects zeeaten by 66.7 percentof all species observed 

in the chaparral, seeds by 32.6 percent, fleshy fruits by 14.7 

percent, and vertebrates by 14.7 percent. 

USDA Forest Service Rcs. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 
Introduction 

R elatively little infotmation is available cancel-ning tlie avifauna of the chaparral collirnu~lities of the San Gabriel 

Mountains in southern Calilbrnia. Wright and Horto11 (1951, 

1953) provide a checklist of the birds of the USDA Forest 

Service's San Dimas Experimental Forest, located on tlie south 

side of the San Gabriel Mountains in Los A~igeles County, for 

the period 1936-1942, with supplelnental information available 

through 1953. They recorder1 the presence of 121 species I-epresenting 33 families in chaparral, oak woodland, or riparian 

habitats, with comments on their abundance, habitat association, 

and seasonal occurrence. Included in their records are 17 additional species from 8 families associated with reservoirs in San 

Dinias and Big Dalton canyons. Garrett and Dunn (1981) summarize all known info[-t~ialion on tlie status and distribution of all 

bird species in southern California. 

This paper reports the relative abundance, habitat association, 

reproductive phenology, and seasonal occurrence of avifauna in 

the San Dimas Experimental Forest, excluding the reservoirs in 

San Dimas and Big Dalton canyons, between February 1969 and 

September 1979, and similar information collected at a higher 

elevation site a1 the chaparral-yellow pine ecotone near Mt. 

Baldy Village between January 1973 and October 1979. 

Study Areas 

The San Dimas Expe~imental Forest covers 6,885 ha in the 

San Gabriel Mountains of southern California about 45 km east 

of Los Angeles. Elevations on the forest range from 458 to 1,678 

m (Hill 1963), and the topography is generally quite steep, with 

slopes averaging 68 percent (Bentley 1961). 

South-facing slopes are covered by chalilise (Arlefiosto~im 

fnsciczr/ahmi H &A) do~ninated chapad, while more mesic environmentssuppoda mixed chapd community ofchamise,ceanothus 

(Ceariotlizrsspp.), bigbeny ~~imzanita(A,~tostnpli~~losgla~rcaLmdl.), 

mountain mahogany (Cercocnrplfs bet~rloides Nun. exT. & C.), and 

scrub oak (Q~rerczfs rl~oiiosn Nun.). Drier south-facing slopes have, 

in addition to chamise, black sage (Snlvia inellifem Greene) and 

Califo~nia buckwheat (Eriogonzrin fascicu/ah~fii Benth.), while riparian vegetation includes evergreen oaks (QLIWLI~ ngrifolin Nee, 

Q. chrysolel~is Liebm.), sycamore (Plntnrllzs facernoso Nun.), big 

ledmaple (AcerriiacropIiy1111111 Pursh.), blackcotronwood (Popzrl~~s 

tric/~ocn,pn T. & G.), white alder (Alrzlrs rliori~bfolia Nun.), willow 

(Snlir spp.), and addidonal sluub species. At higher elevations, and 

especidy on nod-facing slopes, are found forests of intel-ior live 

oak (Q. wisliier~ii A. DC.) and canyon oak (Q. clzrysolepis Liebm.), 

with scattered bigconeDouglas-h(Pse~~dotszrgn fnncrocnfpn (Vasey) 

Mayr), or yellow pine (Pinlzspo~ideroso Dougl. ex P. & C. Lawson), 

and California bay (Uriibclhrlrzrir~ colifouiica (H. & A,) Nutt.), the 

latter in more moist canyon bottorns. 

Considerable detail about the Experimental Forest is summarized by Mooney and Parsolis (1973), and posttire plant succession in the area has been described by Horton and Kraebel 

(1955). Hanes (1971), Pattic and Hanes (l964), Hanes and Jones 

(1967), and Plumb (1961, 1963). 

In addition to recortling bird occurrence at the Experimental 

Forest since 1969, I collected quantitative information Crom five 

study sites established in spring 1976 after a ~liajor wildfire in 

late November 1975. Observations on postfire bird succession 

were repolled earlier (Wi~iz 1977, 1979), but data collected on 

these five study areas are also used in this paper. 

The study site in Bell Canyon Watershed 803 (975 m) is 

dominated by cha~nise and ceanothus, (C. oussifoli~rs TOIT. and 

C. 01igmitliu.s Nutt. in T. & G.), with some black sage, bigberry 

manzanita, California buckwheat, mountain mahogany, scrub 

oak, silktassel (Gnnyn Ventchii Kell.), toyon (Hetero~rieles 

nrblrtifolin M. Roem.), and yerba santa (Eriorlic~~on o.r,ssifolizrm 

Benth.). It last burned in July 1960. The study site in Oak 

Canyon (975 m) burned in November 1975, but has revegetated 

rapidly, with the dominant species being hoaryleaf ceanothus 

(C. oussifoliusTorr.), mountain mahogany, scrub oak, chamise, 

and bigberry manzanita. Toy011 and silktassel are more abundant 

here than in Bell Canyon Watershed 803, ant1 there are scattered 

stands of interior live oak. Additional shrub species present are 

yerba santa, honeysuckle (Lonicein sabsl~icrrtrz H. & A,), 

coffeeberry (Rl~rni~fl~zs cnliforfiicn Esch.), sugar bush (Rhzzs ovata 

Wats.), elderbeny (Sornbzfclrs coerr~len Raf.), and poison oak 

(Toxicorlendrofi diversilobum Greene). The site at the head of 

the East Fork of San Dimas Canyo11 (1280 m), which I have 

named Sunset, also burned in November 1975, but its postfire 

succession has been different from that in Oak Canyon, presumably due to its higher elevation. The area was dominated by low 

herbs and grasses (Cryp/ofithn iriterrnedin (Gray) Greene, 

Stepl~a~~ofizeriu vrgrtta Benth., B~omos tector~oii L., Cliner~ncfis 

of-ternisioefolio (Harv. & Gray) Gray, Esclischolziri mliforr~ica 

Cham., Pefisleriiofi spectnbilis Thurb. ex Gray, Sisy~nbrium 

nltissiriilmi L., Efi~f~iennrifliepefid~rlifern BenUi., Cicliori~on intybll.~ 

L. being most frequent) and a shrubby lupine (L~r/?irius ~xczrbitlrs 

Jones) in 1976. By 1977 the lupine was extselliely abundant 

(frequency = 92 percent), herbs were decreasing in relative 

abundance, and shrub species were respmuting vigorously. In 

1978 the area regained its shnibby nature, with chamise, scrub 

oak, bigbel-ry manzanita, yerba santa, and ceanothus (C. 

crossifolirrs, C. spinoarsNutt. in T. & G., C. lezrcoderfiiis Greene) 

being the lnost common species. 

Two grassland study a[-eas within the chaparral are included 

in this study. Both were converted to grass by use of,selective 

herbicides in conjunctiotl with seeding (~orbett and Green 1965) 

USDA Forest Service Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 I 
after the July 1960 wildfire. The study site in Bell Canyon 

Watershed 801; (914 m) burned again in November 1975, whereas 

the site in the West Fork of San Dimas Canyon, in watershed 

0506 (914 m), has not burned since 1960. Numerous non-native 

grasses (Koeler-ia Pers., Fest~ica L., Oryiopsis Michx., Brofizus 

L., Avena L., Phalaris L., Lolian~ L., Melica L., Hordeioiz L., 

Agropyron Gaertn.) are present at both sites, and individual 

chamise, toyon, scrub oak, bigberry manzanita, black sage, and 

laurel sumac (Rlzus laurinn Nutt. in T. & G.) are scaltered 

throughout the grassland. Both sites are surrounded by chaparral 

that has not burned since 1960. 

The higher elevatioli chaparral-yellow pine ecotone site (I 400 

m), which I have named Mt. Baldy, lies 5.7 km northeast of the 

northeast comer of the Experimental Forest, and includes the 

bottom of San Antonio Canyon 0.9 km north of Mt. Baldy 

Village. The study site has not burned since the IXOO's, though 

adjacent areas burned in the fire of Noveliiber 1975. Chaparral 

at this elevation consists chiefly of chaparral whitethorn (C. 

leucodennis Greene), mountain mahogany, coffeeberly, redberry 

(R. crocen Nutt. in T. &G.), California buckwheat, and goldenbush 

(Haplopappus squarrosus H. &A,). Sulrounding forest is nearly 

pure interior live oak or mixed bigcone Douglas-fir, interior live 

oak and canyon oak, soiiie ponderosa pine, and, in more moist 

areas, California bay. The site includes riparian community 

plants, particularly sycamore, big leaf maple, white alder, black 

cottonwood, and willow. 

Methods 

Data were collected from the San Dimas Expe~imental Forest 

in two ways: (I) casual infonilation collected throughout the 

Expe~imental Forest in the course of other studies; and (2) 

quantitative information collected at five study sites since the 

spring of 1976. These data were colnpared with those of Wright 

and Horton (1951, 1953). 

Two types of data are available for analysis: (1) species observed 

on a given date at a given locality (before spring 1976 in he 

Experimental Forest, and at the Mt. Baldy site); and (2) quantitative 

data From the five posttire study sites in the Experimental Forest, for 

which all individuals were recorded on f~ed transects. Data were 

collected For at least 5 days per month, usually from dawn tinti1 10 

or 11 a.m., but occasionally in late aEtemoon, and stmting and ending 

time was noted so that data could be converted to individtials per 

species per hour of observation. Both sightings and vocalizations 

were used as lecords of occurrence. Records of habitat association 

and reproductive behavior were kept at all times. Field observations 

for each species were converted to percentage of days per month on 

which bird data were recorded that each species was observed. Data 

for the 11-year period were summarized by month, rounded to the 

nearest whole number. Species seen only at the Mt. Baldy site, or 

only at the Experimental Forest, are so indicated (table I, appendix). 

The status of each species was designated as: 

I. Vagrant (V), if only single individuals were observed or if 

singles were observed on several unrelated occasions; 

2. Migrant (M), il individuals were observed only in spring 

(usually) or fall (occasionally) or if species spent only the winter 

on one or more study site; 

3. Spring breeder (S), if individuals of both sexes appeared in 

spring and were known or suspected to breed on the stt~dy site; 

4. Forest (F) if the species occurred regularly, and was known 

or suspected Lo breed in forests at higher elevations and occasionally range into chapmral at these or lower elevations; 

5. Resident breeder (R), if members of bolh sexes were 

observed year-round and known or suspected to breed in the 

chaparral. Species for which breeding in the chaparral is documented by this study are indicated in table I, a]7peficlix. 

The feeding preferences of the species observed were subdivided into 13 categories, based on my field observations or the 

literature (Martin and others 1951). as follows: 

I. Scavenger (SC), feeding on earl-ion, represented by (he 

Turkey Vulture; 

2. Raptor (R), feeding on live vertebrates and soine invertebrates, represented by the hawks and owls; 

3. Omnivore (0), taking plant and animal food, represented 

by the crows and jays; 

4. Ani~nalslilisects (AI), taking lizards and insects (Roadrunner) or fish or aquatic insects, or both (Kingfisher, 

Dipper, Phalarope); 

5. Nectarlinsect (N), feeding on nectar and insects, represented by the liumniingbirds; 

6. Seeds (S), taking seeds (but not acorns) as a major portion 

of the diet, represented by the Mountain Quail, Maul-ning Dove, 

inost finches, and some spmows; 

7. Fruits (F), taking fruit as the major diet, represented by the 

Cedar Waxwing and Phainopepla; 

S. Seedsfleaves (SL), taking seeds and tender leaves as the 

primary diet, repl-esented only by the California Quail; 

9. Seedslfruit (SF), taking seeds (including acorns) as the 

primary diet, represented only by the Band-tailed Pigeon; 

10. Insectslseeds (IS), taking primarily insects and seeds, 

including many woodpeckers, Western Meadowlark, Brownheaded Cowbird, Lazuli Bunting, towhees, and ~iiany sparrows; 

l I. I~~sectslfruit (IF), taking primarily insects and fleshy fiuits, 

including the Wrentit, CaliforniaThrasher, Robin, Western Bluebird, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Norlhern Oriole, Western Tanager, and Black-headed Grosbeak, 

12. Insects in air (IA), taking insect food on the wing, 

includillg the Poor-will, White-throated Swift, and all flycatchers and swallows; 

13. Insectslvegetation or ground (IV), gleaning insect food 

from vegetation or ground, including the Northem Flicker, Haily 

Woodpecker, Mountain Chickadee, Plain Titmouse, Bushtit, 

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, wrens, kinglets, and most warblers. 

Data were collected for a total of 235 days on the five sites at 

the Expe~imental Forest between Febmmy 1969 and September 

1979, and a total of 1047 days at the Mt. Baldy site between 

January I973 slid October 1979. 

USDA Forest Scrvice RES. Pancr PSW-RP-209. 1991 

Thush, Evening Grosbeak). Black Swifts are !mown to breed in 

the San Gahriel Mou~ltains (Garrett and Dunn 1981), and one 

known nesting site is in the Experimental Forest (Collins 1987). 

Discussion and Conclusions 

Most of the bird species repolted for the Experimental Forest 

by Wright and Hoiton (1951, 1953) were observed during the 

present stody. Twenty species were added to their lists. 1 considered 15 of these species to be vagrants. Four species (Rock 

Dove, Spotted Dove, Starling, House Spal-I-ow) are associated 

with urban areas south of the San Gabriel Mountains. Four 

species (Common Raven, Clark's Nutcracker, Red-breasted 

Nuthatch, Cassin's Finch) are regularly found at higher elevations in the San Gahriel Mountains. The absence of ravens from 

Wright and Horton's (1951, 1953) lists is noteworthy, for the 

species is now common in the San Gabriel Mountains; imlnatures 

were noted in this study, and a postfire increase after the 1975 

wildfire was repoited earlier (Wi~tz 1977, 1979). Say's Phoebe 

occurs in urban areas of the valleys south of the San Gabriel 

Mountains (Guthrie 1979), so its occasional occurrelice in chapasal is not sulprising. 

Wright and Horton (195 I, 1953) list 14 species not observed 

during this study. Eight of them were considered migl-ants in the 

Experimental Forest (Swainson's Hawk, Vaux's Swift, 

Hammond's, Willow, Dusky and Gray Flycatchers, Barn Swallow, and Nashville Warbler). Garrett and Dunn (1981) consider 

Swainson's Hawk and Nashville Warbler to he transients in 

southern California. Dusky Flycatchers breed in the San Gahriel 

and San Bemardino mountains, and Willow Flycatchers are 

transients and rare breeders in the rip'xian habitat that have been 

vi~tually extirpated as breeders since the 1920's (Garrett and 

Dunn 1981). Three additional species were listed by Wright and 

Horton (1951, 1953) as rare (Burrowing Owl, Yellow-billed 

Cuckoo, and Winter Wren). Burrowing Owls are resident locally 

on agricultural land in valleys south of the San Gahriel Mountains, Yellow-billed Cuckoos have been lasgely eliminated in 

valley riparian co~n~nunities since the 1950's. and Winter Wrens 

are transients and winter visitors in local foothills (Gal-rett and 

Dunn 1981). Winter Wrens were noted during the Claremont, 

California, Audubon Christmas bird census, which included the 

Experimental Forest, in 1978 (Guthrie 1979), but neither the 

cuckoo nor the owl was recorded. Both Hutton's and Solita~y 

Vireos were noted as common in the summer in stream woodland or forest by Wright and Horton (1951, 1953). Hutton's 

Vireo is presently considered a common resident in coastal and 

foothill woodlands, and the Solitaly Vireo is a transient and 

uncommon summer resident in this area (Garrett and Dunn 

1981 ). Sage Spasows were noted by Wright and Horton (I 95 1, 

1953) as occasional below 1000 m. They are presently considered to be local residents of dense chaparral in interior foothills 

(Garrett and Dunn 198 1). 

The composition of spring and fall migrant populations, or 

wintering populations (table 5) has changed but slightly since 

Wright and Horton (1951, 1953) collected their data. The absence of, or addition of, some migrant species is of unknown 

significance, as is ~novernent OF higher elevation forest dwelling 

species into the chapalral (table 6). The conlinued pr-esence of 

Golden Eagles in the San Gabriel Mountains and the apparent 

increase of Coln~non Ravens are especially noteworthy. 

In this study, more species were observed at the chaparralyellow pine ecotone site (1400 m) than in the chaparral sites 

between 914 m and 1280 m. The higher elevation site yielded a 

greater percentage of vagrant and forest-dwelling species, hut 

lower percentages of spring breeding and resident species. The 

increased percentage of vagrants may simply reflect the threefold increase in days of observation at the higher site. 

Eighty-two species were common to both areas studied 

(table I, al~po~dis). Chaparral residents absent at the higher 

site were California Quail, Mourning Dove, Roadrunner, 

Barn Owl, and Loggerhead Shrike. Sharp-shinned Hawks 

were rare at the higher site, and may he Inore adapted to hunt 

the lower, more open, shrublands. One spring breeding species, the Black-chinned Sparrow, was not recorded at the 

higher site. Several spring breeding species, including Bluegray Gnatcatcher, Lazuli Bunting, Lawrence's Goldfinch, 

and Lark Sparrow, were occasionally observed at the higher 

site, but not recorded as breeding there. 

This study documents reproduction of 37 species in the chapalsal community, including 24 resident and 13 spring bl-eeding 

(tcibles 3, 4). An additional 11 resident and 5 spring breeding 

species are considered likely to breed in this community, bringing the total projected size of the breeding comtnunity to 53 

species. Field observations of a number of these species at-e rare 

(Road-runnel; Spotted Owl, Canyon Wren, Rock Wren, Loggerhead Shrike among residents; Black-chinned Hummingbird, 

Costa's Hummingbird, Western Flycatcher, Warbling Vireo 

among spring breeding species), so lack of breeding information 

is not surprising. Most resident species nest in April, May, or 

June, while nesting of spring hreeding species is most prevalent 

in May. Immatures of both resident and spring breeding species 

are most prevalent in the chapan-al in June and July. At least 12 

species nest chiefly in the ripaian community, and 8 species for 

which hreeding is not documented probably also pl-efer this 

habitat, bringing the total projected size of the riparian hreeding 

community to 20 species, or 38 percent ofthe projected breeding 

coln~nii~~ity for this chaparral habitat. 

Wright and Horton (1951, 1953) note the breeding of Whitethroated Swifts in San Dirnas Cwyon, the nesting of Rough-winged 

Swallows on steep hanks in San Dimas Canyon, and the nesting of 

Violet-green Swallows and Cliff Swallows on Big Dalton Dam. 

These areas were not regula-ly visited during the present study, so no 

culTent infonnation is available. Wright and Holton (1951, 1953) 

also repolt the possibility of Black Swifts nesting in East Fork San 

Gabriel Canyon, where no field observations we1.e ~nade during this 

sh~dy. Black Swifts welE found nesting in Wolfskill Canyon in the 

Experimental Forest before 1987 (Collins 1987). 

Bird species living in southern California chaparral rely lleavily 

on insects and seeds for a major portion of their diet, although 

4 USDA Forest SelYice Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 
quantitative studies have not been done in this area. Insects were 

found in the diet of 66.7 petcent of all species observed in the 

chaparral and 45.3 pelcent of the breeding species, while seeds 

were round in the cliet of 32.6 pelrent of all species and 28.3 

percenl or the breeding species. 

References 

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Collins, Charla T. Professor of Biology. Cnlifainia Skne University. Long 

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Guthrie. D;!niel A. 1979.The 79th ~udubon Christmas biid 1169, 

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Hanes, Ted L. 1971. Succession aflfr lire in the chaparral of soutl~ern 

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Mooi~ey. Harold A,: Parsons. David J. 1973. Slruetur~ md funrlion of'lhc 

California cllaparral - an ernmplc from San Dintas. 11,: DiCnslri. 

Francesco, Mnoney. Harold A. cds. Mcdiletranean type ecosystems. New 

York: Springer-Vcrlag: 83-1 12. 

Patric, James J.: R~nes. Ted L. 1964. Chaparral succcssion in a Sat, Gsbriel 

klounlain arc8 in California. Ecology 45: 353-360. 

Plumb. Timothy R. 1961. Sprouting of chaparral by Deccnlbcr after a 

wildlire in July. Tech. Paper 57. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Southwest Farcst 

nnd Range Experiment St;aios. Forest Servicc. U.S. Departnent of Agriculklie: 12 p. 

Pluinh. Timothy R. 1963. Delayed sprouting of scrub oak afler a lire. Res. 

Note I. Berkeley. CA: Pecilic Soulhwest Forest :!sd Rnngc Experiment 

Station, Forcst Scrvice. U.S. Departmenl of Agriculfuve: 4 p. 

Wirtz. William 0.. 11. 1977. Vertebrate poslliresueeession. Mooney. H;aold 

A.; Conrad, C. Eugene eds. 11,: Proceedings of tlic symposium on thc 

enviconinental consequences of firc and Rel mnnapemcsl in Mediterranean ecosystems. Geit. Tech. Rcp. WO-3. Washiegton. DC: Forest Service, US. Department of Agriculture; 46-57. 

Wirtr, Williatll 0.. 11. 1979. Effects of fire on birds in cltaparral. In: Koch. 

I).~>i.l L. r.cl 'T ..llr.tt~..n~ .,I ll,u l ,r III~.I,.LI ;~>~~icr,.n;i. \\'<.t:ot SLCII~II. 

I lhr \\ ll.lllil. S<I:I!~) -,,..I t':~ltr<11~,1.~-\:\~J.$ Cl~:.pIer. .\IIILIIC.(O I'lrl~:~ll., 

Society, Febiuay 1-3. 1979. Long Beach. California. Smi~~~tsville. CA: 

Westen, Section. Thc Wildlife Sacicty and Calilbl.nia-Nevada Chapter, 

American Fishcries Socidy: i 14-124. 

Wright, Jeromc T.; Haiton, Joho S. 195 1. Cl~ecklisl of 111e verlebmlc fnana 

of San Dimas Experin~enlal Forcsl and Range Expcrin~enl Station. 

Misc. Paper 7. Berkeley. CA: Calilarnia Forest and Range Expcrin~enf 

Station. Forest Service, U.S. Dcparttnent of Agriculture: 15 p. 

Wright, Jeramc T.; Horlon, John S. 1953. Supplenlcnl Lo checklist of lhc 

vcrlebrale fauna of San Dimns Experimenlal Forest. Misc Paper 13. 

Berkeley, CA: California Forest ;md Range Experi~nent Station. Forest 

Service. U.S. Departinen1 of Agriculu~re: 4 p. 

USDA Forest Scrvice Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 
Appendix 

Table l-Avifauna of the chaparral community 01 the San Gabriel Mounlains, February 1969 to 

October 1979, with abundance as given by Wright and Horion (1951, 1953) for 1936-1953 p&H] 

Status' Feedingz Site3 W&H4 

Niche 

Cathartidae V SC S 0 

Turkey Vulture. Cathartes aura 

Accipitridae 

Marsh Hawk. Circus cyaneus V R SB R 

Sharp-shinned Hawk, Accipiter striatus R R SB C 

Cooper's Hawk, Accipiter cooperi RB5 R SB C 

Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo jamaicensis RB R SB C 

Golden Eagle, Aquila chrysaetos F R SB 0 

Faiconidae 

American Kestrel. Falco sparverius RP6 R SB C 

Prairie Falcon, Falco mexicanus V R S N 

Phasianidae 

California Quail, Caiiipepia caiifornica RB SL S A 

Mountain Quail, Oreortyxpictus RB S SB A 

Phalaropodidae 

Wilson's Phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor V Al B N 

Coiumbidae 

Rock Dove, Columba livia V S SB N 

Band-tailed Pigeon, Columba fasciata FB SF SB C 

Spotted Dove, Streptopelia chinensis V S B N 

Mourning Dove, Zenaida macroura RB S S 0 

Cuculidae 

Roadrunner. Geococcvx californianus R Al S 0 

Tytonidae 

Barn Owl. Tyto alba R R S 0 

Strigidae 

Western Screech Owl, Otus kennicottii R R SB C 

Great-horned Owl, Bubo virginianus RB R SB C 

Northern Pygmy Owl. Glaucidium gnoma RP R B R 

Spotted Owl, Strix occidentafis R R SB R 

Long-eared Owl, Asio otus V R S R 

Short-eared Owl, Asio flammeus V R S M 

Caprimulgidae 

Poor-will, Phalaenoptilus nunailii RP I A SB C 

Apodidae 

Black Swift, Cypseloides niger V I A S R 

White-throated Swift. Aeronautes saxataiis SB I A SB C 

Trochilidae 

Black-chinned Hummingbird, S N SB S 

Archilochus alexandri 

Anna's Hummingbird, Calypte anna RB N SB A 

continued 

USDA Forest Service Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 
Table I, continued 

Status' Feeding2 Site3 W&H4 

Niche 

Costa's Hummingbird, Calypfe costa S N SB A 

Calliope Hummingbird, Stellula calliope M N SB M 

Rufous Hummingbird. Selasphorus rufus M N SB M 

Allen's Hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin M N B M 

Alcedinidae 

Belted Kingfisher. Ceryle alcyon RP Al SB 0 

Picidae 

Lewis' Woodpecker, Melanerpes iewis V IV B N 

Acorn Woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivorus F IS SB 0 

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus varius V IV SB A 

Nuttall's Woodpecker, Picoides nuffallii RB IV SB 0 

Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens F IV 8 0 

Hairy Woodpecker, Picoides viiiosus R IV SB C 

White-headed Woodpecker, F IV SB 0 

Picoides albolarvataus 

Northern Flicker, Coiapfes auratus RB IV SB C 

Tyrannidae 

Olive-sided Flycatcher, Confopus borealis SB IB SB C 

Western Wood Peewee, Contopus sordiduius S I A SB C 

Western Flycatcher. Empidonax diificilis S I A S C 

Black Phoebe, Sayornis nigricans RB I A SB A 

Say's Phoebe, Sayornis saya SP I A S N 

Ash-throated Flycatcher, SB I A SB C 

Myiarchus cinerascens 

Western Kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis M I A S 0 

Hirundinidae 

Tree Swallow, Tachycinefa bicolor V I A S M 

Violet-green Swallow, SB I A SB S 

Tachycineta thaiasslna 

Northern Rough-winged Swallow, V I A SB S 

Steigidopterx serripennis 

Cliff Swallow, Hirundopyrrhonota V I A S S 

Cowidae 

Steller's Jay, Cyanociffa stelieri RB 0 SB A 

Scrub Jay, Apheiocoma coerulescens RB 0 SB A 

Clark's Nutcracker, Nucifraga colurnbiana F S B N 

American Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos V 0 SB 0 

Common Raven, Corvus corax FB 0 SB N 

Paridae 

Mountain Chickadee, Parus gambeii F IS SB A 

Plain Titmouse, Parus inornatus RB IS SB C 

Aegithalidae 

Bushtit, Psaltriparus rninimus RB IV SB C 

Sittidae 

Red-breasted Nuthatch, Siffa canadensis F IV B N 

White-breasted Nuthatch, Siffa carolinensis F IV B 0 

Ce~lhiidae 

Brown Creeper, Certhia americana F IV B 0 

continued 

USDA Forest Service Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 
~ - - ~- - . . .- 

Status' Feeding2 Site3 W&H4 

Niche 

Troglodytidae 

Rock Wren. Salpincfes obsoiefus RP IV SB 0 

Canyon Wren. Cafherpes mexicanus RP IV SB C 

Bewick's Wren, Thryomanes bewickii RB IV SB C 

House Wren, Troglodytes aedon RB IV SB C ----- ~ ---- ~ - . 

Cinclidae 

Dipper, Cinclus mexicanus F Al B C 

~. . -~ ~ 

Muscicapidae 

Golden-crowned Kinglet, Reguius safrapa V IV B N 

Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calendula M IV SB C 

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Poliopfila caerulea SB IV SB 0 

Western Bluebird, Sialia mexicana F IF SB C 

Mountain Bluebird, Sialia currucoides V IF B N 

Townsend's Solitaire, Myadestes fownsendi V IF SB 0 

Swainson's Thrush, Catharus ustulafus M IF SB M 

Hermit Thrush, Cafharus guttafus M IF SB M 

Robin, Turdus migraforius FB IF SB 0 

Varied Thrush, lxoreus naevius V IF B R 

Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata RB IF SB C 

Mimidae 

Northern Mockingbird, Mimuspolyglottos V IF B 0 

California Thrasher, Toxosfoma redivivum RB IF SB A -~ -- ~- 

Bombycillidae 

Cedar Waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum V F SB M -. . ----- -~ .. ~~~ 

Ptilogonatidae 

Phainopepia, Phainopepla nitens V F SB C . . . .~ 

Laniidae 

Loggerhead Shrike, Lanius Iudovicianus RP R S 0 -. . ~~ ~ 

Sturnidae 

Starling, Sfurnus vulgaris V IS B N 

Vireonidae 

Warbling Vireo, Vireo gilvus S IV SB C ~ ~ ---- ~.. . - -. . . . . .- 

Ernberizidae 

Orange-crowned Warbler, Vermivora ceiata M IV SB 0 

Yellow Warbler, Dendroica pefechia M IV SB C 

Yellow-rumped Warbler, Dendroica coronafa M IV SB 0 

Black-throated Gray Warbler, M IV SB 0 

Dendroica nigrescens 

Townsend's Warbler, Dendroica townsendi M IV SB M 

Hermit Warbler, Dendroica occidenfalis M IV S M 

MacGillivray's Warbler, Oporornis tolmiei M IV SB M 

Wilson's Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla M IV SB 0 

Yellow-breasted Chat, icteria virens M IV B S 

Summer Tanager. Piranga rubra V IF B N 

Western Tanager, Piranga ludoviciana SB IF SB S 

continued 

USDA Forest Servlcc Res. Pa~er PSW-RP-209. 1991 
Status' Feeding2 

Niche 

Black-headed Grosbeak, 

Pheucticus melanocephalus 

Lazuli Bunting, Passerina amoena 

Green-tailed Towhee, Pipilo chlorurus 

Rufous-sided Towhee, Pipiio erythrophihaimus 

Brown Towhee, Pipiio fuscus 

Rufous-crowned Sparrow, Aimophila ruficeps 

Chipping Sparrow, Spizella passerina 

Black-chinned Sparrow, Spizelia atrogularis 

Lark Sparrow, Chondestes grammacus 

Fox Sparrow, Passereila lliaca 

Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia 

Lincoln's Sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii 

White-throated Sparrow, 

Zonotrichia albicollis 

Golden-crowned Sparrow, 

Zonotrichia leucophrys 

White-crowned Sparrow, 

Zonotrichia airicapilia 

Dark-eyed Junco, Junco hyemalis 

Oregon Junco, Junco h. oregonus 

Western Meadowlark, Sfurneiia magna 

Brown-headed Cowbird. Moiothrus ater 

Hooded Oriole, lcierus cucuiiatus 

Northern Oriole, lcferus galbuia 

Scott's Oriole, lcierus parisorum -- Fringiilidae 

Purple Finch, Carpodacuspurpureus F S 

Cassin's Finch, Carpodacus cassinii F S 

House Finch, Carpodacus mexicanus RB S 

Pine Siskin, Carduelis pinus F S 

Lesser Goldfinch, Cardueilspsaltria RB S 

Lawrence's Goldfinch, Cardueiis iawrencei SB S 

American Goldfinch, Carduelis iristis V S 

Evening Grosbeak, Coccothrausies vespertinus V IS 

Ploceidae 

House Sparrow, Passer domesticus V IS 

'Stat~s V-vagrant or s ngle s gh~ ngs. M.m granl, ooserveo spring ano fall F-forag ng from 

nearby foresl. S-spring breeolng or prooaoly breedng, R-rcsioenl, oreed ng or prooaoly oreeo ng 

'Feeo ng h cne: SC-scavenger R-raptor; O.omn #ore; A -veneora!es ano or nveneorates: Ffr. t: SL-seeds ano tender eaves SF-seeos and ir.. t. IS-seeos an0 nsecls. IF- nsecls ano frul; 

A.tnsects in alr: V- nsects irom vegetal on or groLno 

'Slle S-San Dmas Exper menta Forest 8-Baay slle. 

'W81-1 Wrgnt and honon (1951-1953). A-ao~ndanl. C-common 0-occaslona . R-rare Mmlgranl S-s~mmer v stor (lneir acf n tjons,. N-no1 reponeo oy W.ight arla donon 

%: breeding documented by this study. 

'P: probable status, but not verified by this study. 

See text for further explanation of these categories, 

USDA Farest Service Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 
... ~abfe 2-Frequency of occurrence of avifauna in San Gabriel chaparral' 

APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT DEC 

S 61s B 1s 61s B~s 81s 8)s B)s~O"B~S 6 

. -. . . -- -. . - ...... . .- 

Sharp-shinned Haw< .... -I-. . " 1 .g..LL-6 1 2.... .. 1 22 .33 1 ~... 1 I... lL2i 1 27 

Cooper's Hawk 115 3 123 127 1 I11 18 1122 1 19 / 2 2 119 11 45 4/11 I40 4 . . ~. -- ... ............ .- 

Red-la leo Hawk 

..... - -....... ... , . ....... .. 

American Kestrel 1 38 1 14 19 4 / 1 1 12 I 20 1 25 1 18 / 33 1 1 33 / 

Mountain Quail ~ ~ 1 8 10 168 21 139 12 161 29 169 23 128 9 / 12 15 150 38 / 12 13 I 11 I 41 33 2 ............. .... 

Mournlng Dove ....... 1 -- .. ... 

Roadrunner ~~ ~ 

. 1 23 9 61 ~. 17 / 8 1 I I ln 1 I 1 1 7 1 -. .... - - .. .... .. ' I --. 

Barn Owl .... - - . - - . . , . -. 12 . 1- 

Haity Woodpecker 1 8 1 1 113 7 (2 81 4 1 3 / 1 9 / 1 1 2 1 7 

. Black Phoebe 1 12 9 21 2 1 11 I 2 1 81 20 7 .- . ,.. .. .. 7 ~. ...~ 

Stellets Jay - . . ..... ... 3 58 50 47 

6' 3 Scrub Jay 154 31 150 32 154 42 152 39 158 18 156 8 / 56 15 160 34 / 62 36 1 64 15133 161 73 18 

- ,- -. .. , . .i2 .. 

2 Plan ~rrnousp 49 38 I -17;; .. 46 25 ]7--3; I i7.T;; . . . .... -. 

i? Bushtit 18 1/23 1/27 4 126 4 / 1 9 2 / 2 2 2112 120 2 1 1 1 / 2 1 27 .. . . 'I . . , . . . . ' 2 -- 

I ., Rock Wren ... I.. - ...... ... .... ... 1 

! 

2 7 

d 

a Canvon Wren I 1 I 3 112 I 1 I 4 1 3 1 1 6 / 5 : ... -. . - - ... ................... ..... .. ...... ... .. . . 

Bewick's Wren .. ... .... -. . .. .... ...... 9 .. i g House Wren 42 26 28 23 

-- 

6 12 40 28 6 17 3 7 1D 

Wrentlt 81 5 67 6 81 17 90 24 31 11 45 9 78 12 80 13 e 

- Conr,r,tred 

-- -. - 
- 

,- 

- 

,. 

r: Cal fornla Tnrasner 69 2 68 1 36 50 58 17 31 30 8 1 .......... ........ ..... ........ ....... .. 11 -- 47 2 

Tohle 2, cor,rrnrrc<l 

> 

Res~dent Specles 

- - Lesser Goldfinch .- .... 46 3 1 28 2125 .-..I 6 20 8 44 lo I8 1133 420 . - ---- 2 

! 

! 

APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT I OCT NOV DEC 

S B 

6 0Loggerhead Shrlke 

' Rufous-sided Towhee 

3 

- 

Western Flycatcher ! ! 

! I 

Ash-throated Flycatcher 35 15 54 36 1 55 23 32 12~ ... .- -.. .- .- - 

Violet-green Swallow 

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 

.. 

Warbling Vireo 3 

Western Tanager 10 12 8 ; 1 ~. . ............... -_-- ............................. I~ ............ .-; 

1 24 43 ! 50 48 19 46 26 j 4 

Lazuli Bunting 17 42 50 131 I/ 4 I 1 

1 l6 I . 27 44 20 

48 28 77 28 18 31 12 30 I , 1 6 I 33 11 13 25 +?@-- 

Black-chlnned Sparrow 1 23 

Brown Towhee -- ?i 

w Rufous-crowned Sparrow 23 --- 2 I 12 -- -.. 

1 28 1 35 I 38 6 1 1 I 

Brown-headed Cowblrd 1 1 4 27 1 19 30 11 9 I 12 10 I 

75 28 I 80 48 1 81 58 / 64 28 -- 44 21 93 36 -. -- 

38 18 11 13 . - 

87 42 

-- 33 1 -- 

t 

8 i 11 6 20 I 1 - 

Northern Or~ole 

I 

31 5 20 4 19 17 36 12 11 18 33 25 

85 33 1 89 32 - 

12 '44 6 

.- 3 - 

g Song Sparrow 33 19 65 12 

Lark Sparrow 17 

I I 3 / 6 58 / 12 52 / 17 31 1 6 21 8 1 1 I 

D 

- House Flnch 162 30 / 32 28 '27 19 50 31 1 73 26 44 181 44 24 60 221 50 8 1 9 1 11 47 33 

1 

W -. - - - 

38 11 

i3 

- - 

C",,I,,~,,~~/ 
- Table 2, cor,ri,,r,cd N .- - 

FE"~~AP\ 1 MA-^ AUG~ 1 SEPT 

SJANB 1 OCT NOV I DEC 

Migrant Species S B i3 1s S BI S B/S B/S B .... .- -. . .......... , .... ..... ........ ... . .... -.. ... ...... . .... .- . 

Lawrence's Goldf ncn . . 2 4 4 .. . 519867 4 6 4 . . 1 

- -. 

Western Klngblro ... .... .. .... 6 4 ... ... . ... 

Calllope Humm~ngblrd I 

73 

2 Forest Species 1 

Golden Eagle 419 2 1 

2 - 3 

Band-talled Plgeon 38 -. 45 

Pygmy Owl 0 2 4 1 

W -- 

- Acorn Woodpecker 42 33 41 45 28 0 - 

- Downy Woodpecker 4 1 4 -. -- - -- -. - - 6 -- - -- --- - 

Corrrreserl 

Rufous Hummingbird 

I 21 6 

Allen's Hummlnsbird / 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I 

6 9 2 2 6 6 
USDA Forest Service Res. Paper PSW-209. 1991. 13 
- Toblc 2, corlligup , -- . - .- ..... . ........ 1 1 - FEB MAR I APR 1 MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV 1 DEC 

Vagrant Species TsJANB is B s B , s B , B s ' B is B s B s s B!s B I 

i Lewis' Woodpecker 1 2 I 1' I 

Mountain Bluebird 1 1 1' 1 : 1 - ! .. I -.. , Townsend's Solitaire / .............. 11 3 4 1 . --... - ........................... 13 

Varied Thrush ...... ......... 

- - I I I I I 

Summer Tanager . . --- - -. ---- 1 

White-throated Sparrow 1 4 . ....,,...--L..,... . -............ I .L^______. I 6 

Lincoln's Sparrow 1 .- .. ......... 

- Hooded Orlole I I 2 1 I I I I 1 i I A. -. .- .- . . - - - c - 

' Scott's 0r.ole ... . -. .... ........ 1 

T - 

7 ....... 5. 

z Evening Grosoea& . - .- . .- . - 1 < ... . . 

House Sparrow a 1 1 1 

- 

rn 

'S = San Dimas Experimental Forest; B = Mt. Baldy 
Table 3-Resident chaparral species and known breeding phenology 

~ont~~ of yen: 

Species Ji!n Fcb Mar A May Jus Jui Aog Scp Ocl Nov Dsc 

-- 

Red-tailed Hawk 

American Kestl.el 

Western Screech 

Anna's Hu~umingbild 

Hairy Woodpecker 

Northern Flicke 

Loggerhead Shrike- 

' L--l_l = present on one or lnom study site: 

N = nesting 

I = ilnlnaturcs present 

USDA Forest Service Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 
Table 4-Phenology of spring-breeding chaparral species 

Month of ~eal.' 

Species Jan Fcb Mar Apr rWay Jun Jul Aug Scp Oct Nov Dec . - 

2 7----1- / -. _- White-throated Swift-~--l.--- ~--~-p.. .Z. I - , I 

Black-chinocd Flurnmispbir 

Wesaw Flycntchcr~~ ~ ~ 

Violet-gicen Swallow 

Blue-gray Gnurcuel~er ~ ~~ 

Black-hcaded G~.orbc;rk 

Black-chinned Sporioi*i-~ ~. 

Brown-l?eaded Cowbird 

Northern Oriole 

Lawrence's Goldfinch . ~ - 

, ; J = pic'en! on one or more stiidy site: 

N = nesting: 

I = iinmatures present; 

'~csident in southern CdiCornin (Garrett and iluni, 19Si) 

USDA Forest Service Re?. Paper PSW-RP-209. I991 
Table 5-Phenology of migrant species in California chaparral 

Month of year' 

Succies Jan Feb Mar Aur Msy Jun Jul Aug S~D Ocr Nov Dec 

Calliope Hu~nlningbild I I I 

RuCous Hummingbird I I I I I I I I 1 I I 

Allen's Flumrningbird 

Ruby-crowncd Kingle 

Swainson's Thrush 

Hcrmir Thrush 

Yellow Warble]. 

Yellow-lrumped W.arblei 

Black-throated Gray Warbler 

Townse~ds Warbler 

Hermit Wal.blcr 

MucGillivlay's Warbler 

Wilson's Warbler 

Yellaw-breasted Chul 

Golden-clowned Suunow 

' = plesent on one or luore study slte 

USDA Forea Service Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 
Table 6-Phenology of species resident in higher elevation forests that frequently forage in or over chaparral, and breeding phenoiogy if determined in this study 

Species Jan Feb Mar Apl- iM.ay Jun Jul Aug Sep Ocl Nov Dec 

Acorn Woodpecker 

Downy Woodpecker 

Common Raven 

Red-breasted Nuthatch 

White-breasled Nulhnlch 

, --L. .... .. ....... .. ., Cassin's Finch /I I 

Pine Siskin 1 

' il_ = prcscnt on onc or lmole study slte, 

N = nesllng 

I = ibnrnalures present 

USDA Forest Service Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991 
Table 7- Vagrants observed in chaparral communities of the San Gabriel Mountains, 1969-79 

Momh of year' 

Snccies Jan Fcb Mar Aor Mlv Jun Jul Aue . Sep Ocl Nov Dec 

.. - ....... ..~ ........ Turkey Vuiturc -- .. --I Marsh Hawk 

Prairie Falcon 

I = pccseot on one or rnare audy silc 

S = single sighting in San Dimas Experirneutal Forest 

B = Single sighting at MI. Baldy 

Sl~ort-cued Owl 

American Cro! 

Maunlain Bluebird 

While-throated Sparro, 

Western Meado 

USDA Forea Service Res. Paper PSW-RP-209. 1991. 

American Goldfinch 

Evening Grosbeak 

House Sparrow 

m 

-- 

- --- 
The Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agricullure, is respo~lsiblc for Federal leadenhip in forestry. 

It carries out this role through four main activities: 

. Protection and managetnenl of rcsources on 191 million acres of National Forest System lands 

. Cooperation with State and local governments, ~orcst industries, and private landowners lo help 

protect and manage non-Federal forest and associated range and watershetl lands 

. Parlicipation with other agencies in human resource and community assistance programs lo 

improve living conditions in rural areas 

. Research on all aspects or forcstry, rangeland management, and forest resources otilization. 

The Pacific Soulhwesl Research Station 

. Represents the research branch of the Forcst Service io California, Hawaii, American Samoa 

and the western Pacific. 

Persons of any mce, color, national origin, sex, age, religion, or 

with any handicapping conditions are welcome to use and enjoy 

all facilities, programs, and services of the U.S. Depa~trncnl of 

Agriculture. Disc~imination in any form is strictly against agency 

policy, and should be reported to the Secretary or Agriculture, 

Washington, DC 20250. 
Research Paper 

PSW-RP-209