## State of North Carolina

State Implementation Plan

Supplement

Inspection and Mainte nance (I/M) Program

Department of Environmen t and Natural Resources

Division of Air Quality

October 11, 2013(This page intentionally left blank)

## Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

.............................................................................................................................. .......... 1

A. APPLICABILITY (40 CFR §51.350) .................................................................................................. 3

B. ENHANCED I/M PERFORMANCE STANDARD (40 CFR §51.351) .............................................. 5

C. BASIC I/M PERFORMANCE STANDARD (40 CFR §51.352) ........................................................ 5

D. NETWORK TYPE AND PROGRAM EVALUATION (40 CFR §51.353) ........................................ 8

E. ADEQUATE TOOLS AND RESOURCES (40 CFR §51.354) ........................................................... 8

F. TEST FREQUENCY AND CONVENIENCE (40 CFR §51.355) ..................................................... 10

G. VEHICLE COVERAGE (40 CFR §51.356) ...................................................................................... 10

H. TEST PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS (40 CFR §51.357) ....................................................... 11

I. TEST EQUIPMENT (40 CFR §51.358) ............................................................................................. 12

J. QUALITY CONTROL (40 CFR §51.359) ......................................................................................... 12

K. WAIVERS AND COMPLIANCE VIA DIAG NOSTIC INSPECTION (40 CFR §51.360) ............. 13

L. MOTORIST COMPLIANCE ENFORCEMENT (40 CFR §51.361) ................................................ 13

M. MOTORIST COMPLIANCE ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM OVERSIGHT (40 CFR §51.362) .. 14

N. QUALITY ASSURANCE (40 CFR §51.363) .................................................................................... 15

O. ENFORCMENT AGAINST CONTRACTORS, STATIONS AND INSPECTORS
(40 CFR §51.364)

.............................................................................................................................. ......... 16

P. DATA COLLECTION (40 CFR §51.365) ......................................................................................... 16

Q. DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORTING (40 CFR §51.366) ............................................................. 17

R. INSPECTOR TRAINING AND LICENSING OR CERTIFICATION (40 CFR §51.367) .............. 17

S. PUBLIC INFORMATION AND COSUMER PROTECTION (40 CFR §51.368) ........................... 17

T. IMPROVING REPAIR EFFECTIV ENESS (40 CFR §51.369) ........................................................ 18

U. COMPLIANCE WITH RECALL NOTICES (40 CFR §51.370) ....................................................... 18

V. ON ROAD TESTING (40 CFR §51.371) ........................................................................................... 19

i North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013ii North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 

## List of Appendices

Appendix 1: MOBILE Input and Output Files

Appendix 2 : MOB ILE Modeling Assumptions

Appendix 3 : I/M Budget: Fiscal Years 2010

- 2011

Appendix 4 : Number of Vehicles Included in the I/M Program

Appendix 5: References

Appendix 6: List of Abbreviations

Appendix 7 : Public Hearing Notice Report, Comments Recei ved and Responses

Appendix one 1: Statutory Authority

Appendix two 2: I/M Rules and Regulations

Appendix three 3: ZIP Code Listing Covering All I/M Areas

Appendix four 4: MOVES Performance Standard Evaluation Tables

Appendix six 5: I/M Budget: Fiscal Years 2013-2014

Appendix seven: Contract for Test Services

Appendix Eight 6: Number of Vehicles Included in the I/M Program

Appendix Nine 7: Quality Control Procedures

Appendix Ten 8: Record Keeping and Document Security

Appendix Eleven 9: Equipment Specifications

Appendix Twelve 10: Enforcement Procedures

Appendix Thirteen 11: Enforcement Oversight Procedures

Appendix Fourteen 12: Quality Assurance Procedures

Appendix Fifteen 13: Public Hearing Notice Report, Comments Received and Responses

List of Abbreviations

## State Of North Carolina

Implementation Plan for In spection/Maintenance Program

INTRODUCTION

The State of North Carolina implemented a Motor Vehicle Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) program under Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 40 CFR Part 51. The implementation of this program con tinues to be an integral part of North Carolina’s plan to attain and maintain compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone (O 3 ) and carbon monoxide (CO).

The Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV), License and Th eft Bureau, has operational responsibility for the I/M program, and has created rules for implemen ting and monitoring the program under the North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC) Title 19A 03D .05 00

. The Division of Air Quality (DAQ) provides technical support to DMV’s implementation responsible for monitoring the DMV’s adherence to EPA’s guidelines and reporting to EPA each year (per 40 CFR 51.366 ) detailing the activity of North Carolina’s I/M program. In addition, the DAQ develops specifications for the program and certifies the emissions testing equipment used in the program.

The North Carolina I/M program began in 1982 in Mecklenburg County. From 1986 through1991, the program expanded to include eight additional counties, based on a “tail-pipe” emissions test. In 1999, the North Carolina General Assembly passed legislation to require an On-Board Diagnostic II (OBD) I/M program in not only the counties required to have an I/M program under 40 CFR 51.350(a), but also in other counties in the State that may need the additi onal emission reductions to achieve the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. Starting in October 2002, the original nine counties converted from tail-pipe testing to the new OBD emissions testing for all model year (MY) 1996 and newer light duty gasoline vehicles and continued tail-pipe testing of MY 1995 and older vehicles . The program began to expand from nine counties starting July 1, 2003 2002 to a total of 48 counties on Janua ry 1, 2006. At the time of full implementation of the OBD program, inspection stati ons were performing the OBD emissions test on MY 1996 and newer vehicles, and tailpipe testing for MY 1995 and older vehicles were discontinued.

In 2002, North Carolina inspection stations performed over 2.5 million vehicle emission inspections. As the new I/M counties were added, the number of inspections was expected to rise to a high of about 3.5 million inspections but then dip to a lower figure when all tail pipe testing ended on Dec 31, 2005. The actual number of OBD inspections has varied from 4. 2 to 5.0 million since 2006, due to higher than expected fleet turnover and population growth.

On November 1, 2008, the State ended the use of pa per stickers and began the process of aligning vehicle inspection expiration and registration renewal dates by using electronic inspection authorizations. By aligning the two dates the State hopes to improve the vehicle compliance because vehicles will be required to have a passing OBD inspection no more than 90 days prior to the vehicle registration expiration date in order to renew their registration.

In 2012, Session Law 2012-199 enacted by the No rth Carolina General Assembly required the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to submit for approval the emissions inspection program changes provided in Section 1 of this act to the EPA as an amendment to the North Carolina State Implementation Plan under the federal Clean Air Act to incorporate an exemption from an emission inspection for the three newest model year vehicles with less than 70,000 miles on its odometer. In

1 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013addition, Session Law 2011-95 enacted by the North Ca rolina General Assembly exempts plug-in electric vehicles from the emissions inspection requirement.

2 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013

## A. APPLICABILITY ( 40 CFR §51.350)

1. In North Carolina, Table 1 below lists the counties required to have having an I/M program as

described in 40 CFR 51.350(a), due to being designated nonatta inment for CO or Moderate

O 3 . Although only part of Granville County was designated Moderate nonattainment for the

1-hour O 3 standard, the whole County was subject to the I/M program. Similarly with Iredell County, where only a portion of the County was designated as Moderate for the 8-hour O 3 standard, the whole County is subject to the I/M program.

Table 1. Counties Required to Have I/M Program

County Nonattainment

Pollutant Status Program 1990 2010

Census Population

Cabarrus 8-hour O 3 Moderate-Nonattainment Basic OBD 98,935 178,011

Davidson 1-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 126,677 162,878 PM 2.5 Subpart 4

Durham CO

Maintenance Basic OBD 181,835 267,587 1-hour O 3
8-hour O 3

Forsyth CO Maintenance Basic OBD 265,878 350,670 1-hour O 3

Gaston 1-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 175,093 206,086 8-hour O 3 Moderate-Nonattainment

Granville 1-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 38,345 59,916 8-hour O 3 Maintenance

Guilford 1-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 347,420 488,406 PM 2.5 Subpart 4

Iredell 8-hour O 3 Moderate-Nonattainment Basic OBD 92,931 159,437

Lincoln 8-hour O 3 Moderate-Nonattainment Basic OBD 50,319 78,265

Mecklenburg CO Maintenance Basic OBD 511,433 919,628 1-hour O 3
8-hour O 3 Moderate-Nonattainment

Rowan 8-hour O 3 Moderate-Nonattainment Basic OBD 110,605 138,428

Union 8-hour O 3 Moderate-Nonattainment Basic OBD 84,211 201,292

Wake CO

Maintenance Basic OBD 423,380 900,993 1-hour O 3
8-hour O 3

2. In 1999, the North Carolina General Assembly passed legislation to require an OBD I/M program in not only the counties required to have an I/M program under 40 CFR 51.350(a),

but also in other counties in the State that may need the additional emission reductions to

achieve the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. The North Carolina General Statue (NCGS) §143- 215.107A(c), “Motor vehicle emissions testing and maintenance program,” Appendix 1,

3 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013specifies the counties that are required to have OBD I/M. The State regulations NCAC Title 15A, Subchapter 2D, Section .1000, “Motor Vehicle Emission Control Standard,” Appendix

2

, references the General Statue. Table 2 below lists the additional counties that are required to have an I/M program per NCGS §143-215.107A, “Motor vehicle emissions testing and maintenance program,” Appendix 1

.

Table 2. Additional Counties Required by 1999 Clean Air Bill to Have OBD I/M Program

1990 2010

Census Population Nonattainment

Pollutant County Status Program

Alamance

- - Basic OBD 108,213 151,131

Brunswick

- - Basic OBD 50,985 107,431

Buncombe

- - Basic OBD 174,821 238,318

Burke

- - Basic OBD 75,744 90,912

Caldwell

- - Basic OBD 70,709 80,029

Carteret

- - Basic OBD 52,556 66,469

Catawba PM 2.5 Subpart 4 Basic OBD 118,412 154,358

Chatham 8-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 38,759 63,505

Cleveland

- - Basic OBD 84,714 98,078

Craven

- - Basic OBD 81,613 103,505

Cumberland

- - Basic OBD 274,566 319,431
Edgecombe 8-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 56,558 56,552

Franklin 8-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 36,414 60,619

Harnett

- - Basic OBD 67,822 114,678
Haywood 8-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 46,942 59,036

Henderson

- - Basic OBD 106,740

Johnston 8-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 81,306 168,878

Lee

- - Basic OBD 41,734 57,866

Lenoir

- - Basic OBD 52,274 59,495

Moore

- - Basic OBD 59,013 88,247

Nash 8-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 76,677 95,840

New Hanover

- - Basic OBD 120,284 202,667

Onslow

- - Basic OBD 149,838 177,772

Orange* 8-hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 93,851 133,801

Person 8

- hour O 3 Maintenance Basic OBD 30,180

Pitt

- - Basic OBD 107,924 168,148
Randolph

- - Basic OBD 106,546 141,752

Robeson

- - Basic OBD 105,179 134,168
Rockingham

- - Basic OBD 86,064 93,643

Rutherford

- - Basic OBD 56,918 67,810
Stanly

- - Basic OBD 51,765 60,585

Stokes

- - Basic OBD 37,223 47,401

Surry

- - Basic OBD 61,704 73,673

4 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013County Nonattainment

Pollutant Status Program 1990 2010

Census Population

Wayne

- - Basic OBD 104,666 122,623

Wilkes

- - Basic OBD 59,393 69,340

Wilson

- - Basic OBD 66,061 81,234
*Orange County was one of the original nine counties subject to I/M prior to the 1999 Clean Air Bill. It was part of the Raleigh/Durham MSA.

3. The Environmental Management Commission (EMC) has the authority to adopt “a program for testing emissions from motor vehicles and to adopt motor vehicle emission standards”, NCGS §143-215.107. (a)(6), “Air q uality s tandards and c lassification s,” Appendix 1

.

The EMC has adopted a basic I/M program, NCAC, Title 15A, Subchapter 2D, Section .1000, “Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Standard,” Appendix 2.

The I/M program is implemented by the Commissioner of the DMV through the use of licensed safety/emission inspection stations, NCGS Article 3 – Motor Vehicle Act of 1937 §20-128.2 (a),“Motor vehicle emission standards,” Appendix 2.

4. 40 CFR 51.372(a) (3) requires ZIP codes be included in the State Implementation Plan (SIP) if program is not county-wide. The North Carolina program is county wide, so a no list of program area ZIP codes is not required.



## B. ENHANCED I/M PERFORMANC E STANDARD (40 CFR §51.351)

Not applicable to North Carolina.



## C. BASIC I/M PERFORMANCE STANDARD (40 CFR §51.352)

1. Basic I/M Performance Standards for 1-hour O 3 and CO standards Eight of the counties listed in Table 1 are in areas originally designated as non-attainment

under the CO and/or 1-hour O 3 standards, prior to effective date of the 1997 8-hour O 3 standard. Therefore, for these counties, the performance of the revised North Carolina I/M program (referred to as the “target” program) mu st meet or exceed the basic I/M performance standard outlined in 40 CFR §51.352 (c). Sp ecifically, the exemption of the three newest model year vehicles with less than 70,000 miles under the target program must obtain the same or lower emissions of CO, volatile orga nic compounds (VOC), and oxides of nitrogen (NO

x ) than the performance standard. For each of these counties, mobile source emissions of CO, VOC, and NO

x were modeled using the latest approved EPA emissions model (MOVES2010b), first with the applicable perform ance standard I/M parameters and then with the target program I/M parameters. A ll other MOVES input data (i.e. vehicle miles traveled, vehicle speeds, vehicle type and age distributions, etc.) were held constant between the modeling runs. CO emissions rates in gr ams per mile (g/m) were calculated from the modeling results, with county-level data a ggregated by non-attainment area. Thecomparative results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. The results are aggregated by nonattainment area. In all cases, the target I/M program produces lower emissions, expressed as emission factors with the units of grams per mile.

5 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013The CO emissions were modeled for a winter (January) weekday for the years indicated. For each non-attainment area, the year chosen to model was based on the availability of MOVES input for the area within one year (plus or mi nus) of the anticipated implementation of the target I/M program (2014). The VOC and NO

x emissions were modeled for a summer (July) weekday for the years indicated. For each non-attainment area, the year chosen to model was based on the availability of MOVES input for the area within one year (plus or minus) of the anticipated implementation of the target I/M program (2014). The best available VMT and speed data (based on travel demand modeling) was used, along with the latest available (2012) vehicle registration data. All MOV ES input and output databases and modeling run specification files are provided on electronic media.

In 1993, North Carolina submitted an I/M SI P to address the I/M requirements for the 1

- hour

O 3 and CO standards. The original performance standards for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and CO are summarized below. These performance stand ards were calculated using the latest EPA mobile model at that time, MOBILE5a. Appendix 1 contains t he MOBILE5a input and output files from the runs used to evaluate the emission reduction benefits

.

VOC Emission Factors (grams/mile)

1997 2000 2003

Perf ormance Standard 2.32 2.09 1.94

Program Target 2.30 2.08 1.92

CO Emission Factors (grams/mile)

1996 2000

Performance Standard 26.74 24.46

Program Target 26.53 24.34

Table 3 NO

x & VOC Emission Factors for 1-hour O 3 standard (grams/mile)

Metrolina Triad Triangle

NOx Performance Standard 1.222 1.149 1.035

Program Target 1.177 1.106 0.994

VOC Performance Standard 0.573 0.631 0.509

Program Target 0.555 0.611 0.490

Table 4 CO Emission Factors for CO standard (grams/mile)

Metrolina Triad Triangle

CO Performance Standard 17.048 20.356 16.690

Program Target 15.895 19.053 15.558

The Metrolina area consists of Gaston and Mecklenburg Counties. The Triad area consists of Da vidson, Forsyth and Guilford Counties.

6 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013The Triangle area consists of Durham, Wake and Granville Counties.

2. Basic I/M Performance Standards for the 1997 8-hour O 3 standard

Five counties in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock H ill, NC-SC area (Cabarrus, Lincoln, Rowan, Union and Iredell Counties) were required to implement the I/M program due to designation

under the 1997 8-hour O 3 standard. For these counties, th e performance of the target I/M program must meet or exceed the basic I/M performance standard outlined in 40 CFR §51.352 (e). Mobile source emissions of VOC and NO

x were modeled using the latest approved EPA emissions model (MOVES2010b), first with the applicable performance standard I/M parameters and then with the ta rget program I/M parameters. All other MOVES input data (i.e. vehicle miles traveled, vehicle speeds, vehicle type and age distributions, etc.)

were held constant between the modeling runs. VOC and NO

x emissions rates in grams per mile (g/m) were calculated from the modeling results, with county-level data aggregated by non-attainment area. Table 5 lists the comparative results. Here the target I/M program also produces lower emissions, expressed as emission factors with the units of grams per mile.

The VOC and NO

x emissions were modeled for a summer (July) weekday for the years indicated. For each non-attainment area, the year chosen to model was based on the availability of MOVES input for the area within one year (plus or minus) of the anticipated implementation of the target I/M program (2014) . The best available VMT and speed data (based on travel demand modeling) was used, along with the latest available (2012) vehicle registration data. All MOVES input and out put databases and modeling run specification files are provided on electronic media.

In June 2004, the EPA d esignated areas as nonattainment for the 1997 8

- hour O 3 standard. One area in North Carolina was designate d as Moderate nonattainment, the Charlotte

Gastonia

- Rock Hill, NC

- SC area (referred to as the Metrolina area). The North Carolina portion of the Met rolina area includes Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, Union Counties and Coddle Creek and Davidson Townships in Iredell County. With this designation, additional counties were required under 40 CFR 51.350(a) to implement an I/M

program.

S ince Mecklenburg and Gaston Counties had been designated Moderate nonattainment for

the 1

- hour O3 standard, the performance standards for these two counties are established in 40 CFR 51.352(c). The results of the performance standards are summarized below

. Appendix 1 contains the input and output files for MOBILE6.2 runs performed to evaluate the

emission benefits of the basic I/M areas in these two counties.

Emission Factors for Mecklenburg and Gaston Counties (grams/mile)

VOC NOx

Performance Standa rd 0.784 0.750

Program Target 0.726 0.688

The remaining counties in the Metrolina nona ttainment area are required to meet the performance standards established in 40 CFR 51.352(e). The results of the performance

standards are summarized below. Appendi x 1 contains the input and output files for MOBILE6.2 runs performed to evaluate the em ission benefits of the basic I/M areas in these

counties.

7 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Emission Factors for Remaining Counties (grams/mile)

VOC NOx

Performance Standard 1.363 1.027

Program Targe t 1.280 0.936

Table 5 NO

x & VOC Emission Factors for 8-hour O 3 standard (grams/mile)

Metrolina Triangle

NOx Performance Standard 1.506 1.449

Program Target 1.445 1.389

VOC Performance Standard 0.782 0.649

Program Target 0.758 0.625

The Metrolina area consists of Gaston and Mecklenburg Counties. The Triangle area consists of Durham, Wake and Granville Counties.

3. The I/M program meets the emission reducti on targets in the attainment year and each milestone year prior to the attainment year, as applicable. The State of North Carolina commits to meeting the performance standard.

4. The MOBILE MOVES input and output files for runs used in determining compliance with the performance standards are included on CD.in Appendix 1

. Appendi x 2 contains the modeling assumptions , which includes a description of the local inputs used in the modeling, a description of the source from which those inputs were derived, and a description of how they were derived.



## D. NETWORK TYPE AND PROGRAM EV ALUATION (40 CFR §51.353)

1. North Carolina’s basic I/M program is comprised of a decentralized network of test-andrepair facilities. No counties are currently requi red to be part of an Enhanced I/M program. The program consists of approximately 4,653 4,4 64 stations.

The DAQ has regional staff that conduct a random vehicle survey in each I/M county annually, to determine the compliance of th e sampled vehicles and the DMV’s execution of registration denial on those out of compliance. The State continues to determine program effectiveness, although basic I/M programs are not required to include an ongoing evaluation to quantify the emission reduction benefits of th e program or to determine if the program is meeting the requirements of the Clean Air Act



### .



## E. ADEQUATE TOOLS AND RE SOURCES (40 CFR §51.354)

1. The I/M program is funded by receipts collected from the sale of electronic authorizations used during the I/M inspection. A portion of these monies are accredited to the DAQ and DMV, as directed in NCGS Article 3A – Safety and Emissions Inspection Program §20- 183.7(c), “Fees for performing an inspection and issuing an electronic inspection authorization to a vehicle; use of civil penalties,” Appendix 1.

8 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Inspection fee Station Fee $23.75 Authorization Fee $6.25 $30.00

The authorization fee is distributed as follows: Highway Fund $0.55 Inspection Program Account 3.00

Telecommunications Account 1.75

Volunteer Rescue/EMS Fund 0.18 Rescue Squad Workers' Relief Fund 0.12 Division of Air Quality 0.65 $6.25

The DAQ portion of the fee is credited to the DAQ I/M Air Pollution Control Account. This is a nonreverting fund established for developi ng and implementing air pollution control programs for mobile sources, NCGS §143-215.3A (b1), 

### “ Water and Air Quality Account; use of application and permit fees; Title V A ccount; I & M Air Pollution Control Account; reports,” Appendix 1

.

The DMV I/M budget is a nonreverting account within the North Carolina Department of Transportation’s (NCDOT) Inspection Program Account. Revenue in the Inspection Program Account may be used only to fund the vehicle I/M program. However, in the 2012- 2013 fiscal year budget, the NC Legislature directed the NC DMV to use $24,000,000 of funds out of the Emission non-reverting accounts to replace the DMV State Titling and Registration System (STARS) and the State Automated Driver License System (SADLS)

programs.

2. Appendix 3 5 includes DAQ and DMV I/M budgets for Fiscal Years 2013-2014 2010

- 2011 (Note: State fiscal year runs from July 1 through June 30).

The DAQ I/M Air Pollution Control Account funds 10 17.55 Full Time Employees (FTE)

I/M positions within DAQ. Six of the positions FTEs are within the Mobile Sources Compliance Branch that support the I/M program . The DAQ employs These six positions

consist of one two full time engineers , two one specialists , two technicians , and one supervisor. These six positions that perform the day to day DAQ I/M program duties which include but are not limited to data analysis, program effectiveness determination, consumer outreach, and software/analyzer certificati on and specification development. DAQ also has six regional auditors that perform ann ual audits of DMV staff’s enforcement activities on an

annual basis. Additionally, the DAQ I/M staff supports the periodic analyzer recertification testing and other such activities. Additionally, there are 11.55 FTEs positions within DAQ that support mobile sources related tasks for the Division.

The License & Theft Bureau of the DMV is tasked with oversight and enforcement of the I/M program for North Carolina. The DMV has 187 147 “sworn” law enforcement agents and managers that issue vehicle waivers, exemptions, and perform some covert, remote, and overt audits on the inspection stations . They are also the enforcem ent arm of the agency and are responsible for investigating all clean scan cas es and handling all criminal charges. The

DMV’s 61 civilian auditors are tasked with perform ing overt and covert audits on

9 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013approximately 4, 464 emission stations in North Carolina . The civilian auditors and law enforcement agents also perform remote audits on the inspection stations. Waivers and exemptions are issued by the a uditors and law enforcement agents w ithin the eight districts throughout North Carolina. The DMV employs two hearing officers who deliberate over and render decisions in civil hearings. Additionally, the DMV employs a six 28 mem ber civilian staff Call Center with operators and ma nagers whose primary duties are personnel management and to assist citizens and stations with for consumers to report complaints, and inquiries on emission inspection requirements and the purchase of electronic authorizations

information. The DMV has 11 civilian Administrative staff assigned to one of the eight field offices who assist the law enforcement agents in processing paperwork between the district and headquarters and adding new technicians in the inspection system . The DMV employs personnel to handle the registration denial system.



## F. TEST FREQUENCY AND CONVENIENCE (40 CFR §51.355)

1. The current test frequency of North Carolina’s b asic I/M inspection is annual. In addition,

North Carolina has a 1

- year new vehic le exemption Upon obtaining EPA approval of the I/M SIP and I/M rule changes, North Carolina will exempt vehicles in the three newest model years with less than 70,000 miles on its odometer , as described in NCAC Title 15A, Section 2D.1002, “Applicability”, NCAC Title 15A, Section 2D.1005, “On-Board Diagnostic Standards,” Appendix 2 and NCGS §20-183.2. “Description of vehicles subject to safety or emissions inspection; definitions,” Appendix 1. In addition, an emissions component tamper and safety inspection is performed statewide on all vehicles no more than 35 years old, measured from the date of manufacture, NCGS Article 3A – Safety and Emissions Inspection Programs §20-183.3 (a) , “Scope of safety inspection and emissions inspection. ,” Appendix

1.

2. Subject vehicles are required to have an OBD in spection no more than 90 days prior to the vehicle registration expiration date, NCGS Article 3 – §20-183.4C, “When a vehicle must be inspected; three ten -day trip permit. ,” Appendix 1.

All North Carolina law-enforcement officers ha ve the power to enforce the provisions of NCGS Article 3 – Motor Vehicle Act of 1937 §20-183

, “Duties and powers of lawenforcement officers; warning by local officers before stopping another vehicle on highway; warning tickets. ,” Appendix 1.

3. The DMV “Safety and Emissions Regulation Manual

, ” NCAC 19A 03D Section .0523 “Operation of Safety or Exhaust Emissions Inspection Stations”, Appendix 2 requires stations to operate at least eight hours per day five days per week, except holidays. Stations are required to have at least one inspector mechanic on duty a minimum of eight hours during normal working hours. Stations may operate other than 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Monday through Friday schedule. At least one inspector mechanic at a station must be licensed. The DMV is responsible for licensing of the insp ector mechanics as outlined in Section R.



## G. VEHICLE COVERAGE (40 CFR §51.356)

1. An I/M inspection is required for all 1996 a nd newer model year gasoline-powered vehicles (light-duty) registered in I/M subject areas, NCAC Title 15A, Subchapter 2D, Section .1005,

10 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013“On-Board Diagnostic Standards,” Appendix 2 and NCGS §143-215.107A, “Motor vehicle emissions testing and maintenance program. ,” Appendix 1. A table showing the number of vehicles by county and model year for 2009 2012 is contained in Appendix 4 6

. These figures reflect the number of registered vehicles believed to be operated in the I/M area.

2. The following highway vehicles are exempt fro m the I/M requirement: the current model

year the three newest model year vehicles with less than 70,000 on its odometer , all 1995 and older model vehicles, diesel vehicles, heavy-dut y vehicles, alternative fueled vehicles, and motorcycles. These vehicles are subject to th e annual safety inspecti on, which includes an emissions control device tampering inspection. Vehicles registered as “Kit cars” are exempt from the OBD portion of the inspection.

3. The DMV may collect fleet information dir ectly from the owners or from the vehicle registration records concerning the number of vehicles operated in an I/M county but registered in a non-I/M county and vice versa. Enforcement will continue to be registration

denial.

4. Fleet vehicles are subject to the program if registered in or primarily operated in a designated I/M county. Fleet owners are allowed to self-inspect their vehicles, NCGS Article 3A Safety and Emissions Inspection Program §20.183-4A, “License required to perform safety

emission inspection; qualifications for license. ,” Appendix 1.

5. Federal fleet vehicles are required to meet the same requirements as other fleets. EPA’s I/M rules require that federal employees working at a federal facility within an I/M county must comply with the I/M program even if they liv e outside the I/M county. There are federal facilities located in I/M subject areas in North Carolina.



## H. TEST PROCEDURES AND ST ANDARDS (40 CFR §51.357)

1. The EMC has the authority to establish test procedures and standards under NCGS §143- 215.107 (6), “Air quality standards and classifications,” Appendix 1.

The EMC has adopted test standards under NCAC Title 15A, Subchapter 2D, Section .1000, “Motor Vehicle Emission Control Standard,” Appendix 2.

The EMC has also adopted test procedures developed by the DAQ and outlined in, “North Carolina Analyzer System Specification,” Appendix 9

, using EPA’s OBD Test procedures on an OBD type analyzer. The OBD test procedures and standards were implemented July 1,

2002.

2. Vehicles must pass the safety inspection, tampering inspection, and OBD test to receive a safety/emissions authorization. All vehicles fa iling any part of an initial test must pass a

retest. If the initial failure was an emissions- related item (check engine light commanded on, emissions control device tampering or exhaust system), the OBD test must be repeated and passed. If the vehicle owner takes the vehicle to a station other than the original location of the initial test failure, the vehicle must be tested for and pass all the test components.

3. Inspection rejection standards are clearly established in both the DAQ “North Carolina Analyzer System Specification,” Appendix 9 and the NCAC 19A 03D .0530, “Disapproval”, Appendix 2

.

11 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013

## I. TEST EQUIPMENT (40 CFR §51.358)

1. Test equipment specifications are contained in the DAQ “North Carolina Analyzer System Specification,” Appendix 9

. The DMV r egulations manual North Carolina Administrative

Code contain details regarding the equipment required to carry out inspections, NCAC 19 03D .0519, “StationsLicense and Thef t Policy and Procedures Manual ,” Appendix 2

.

2. All test equipment is fully computerized and all processes are automated to the highest degree possible. The DMV law enforcement agents have the authority to clear lock-outs. Manufacturer’s service representatives are able to clear specific lockouts. The date and cause of any occurrence of a lockout as well as the da te and the authority personnel who cleared the

lockout are recorded in a data record.

Data entry functions associated with the test are streamlined through the use of look-up tables. To reduce data entry errors, vehicl e identification information requires redundant entry if manually entered. However, under normal circumstances, vehicle information entry is by bar code scanners. Emissions test results are recorded automatically by the analyzer.

3. The test process is completely controlled by the analyzer. The process begins with data entry of the vehicle registration, license plate and vehicle identification number (VIN) information.

Verification of vehicle identification data is c onfirmed through re-entry of this information during the inspection. The test procedure se quence and pass/fail determinations are made automatically by the analyzer. Data is re corded to both a removable device (floppy/USB storage key) and a hard drive. Test data is sent via modem to the State during each inspection, and stored on the analyzer hard drive for a minimum of 60 days. Once transmitted to the State, it is maintained by the Vehicle Information Database (VID) contractor as a permanent data set. Prior to being loaded to the program database all

information is edit checked for errors.



## J. QUALITY CONTROL (40 CFR §51.359)

1. Quality control procedures and record keepi ng requirements have been established in the “DMV License and Theft Bureau Policy and Procedures Manual. ”, Appendix 2 and in Appendix 8

. These measures will ensure the State of North Carolina meets its commitment to provide motorists with consistent and accura te test results. The inspection site personnel must continue to ensure that all equipmen t is properly maintained and has updated vendor

software.

2. The DAQ “North Carolina Analyzer System Specification”, Appendix 9

, includes the minimum durability and functiona l requirements to ensure accurate processing and recording

of test results. All enhancements and/or cha nges to this document are reviewed and approved prior to its release.

12 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013

## K. WAIVERS AND COMPLIANCE VIA DIAGNOSTIC INSPECTION
(40 CFR §51.360)

1. A waiver rate of 5% (waiver rate expressed as a percentage of initially failed OBD tested vehicles) is assumed in the demonstration that the I/M program meets the basic performance standard. The State of North Carolina commits to a waiver rate in practice that is equal to or lower than 5%. If the waiver rate reported in the annual report to EPA is higher, the State

will take corrective action to lower the waiv er rate. Corrective strategies considered may include: not issuing waivers on vehicles under 6 years of age increased education for issuing personnel , raising minimum expenditure limits, and/or potentially exempting vehicles that are 10 or 15 years of age and limiting waivers on vehicles to only once every four years . These contingency plans if implemented may require revisions to state statute and in the case of exempting vehicles a SIP revision with an accompanying performance demonstration will also be required. If the waiver rate cannot be lowered to levels committed to in the SIP, or if the State chooses not to implement measures to do so, the State will revise the I/M emission reduction projections in the SIP and will implem ent other program changes needed to ensure the performance standard is met.

2. The State of North Carolina commits to issui ng waivers only when the requirements of the

40 CFR §51.360 are met. §51.360 requires a minimum of $200 for 1981 and newer vehicles be spent in order to qualify for a waiver. Repa irs must be performed by a recognized repair technician to apply toward the waiver limit. Waivers are issued by DMV as outlined in the

“ DMV License and Theft Bureau Policy and Procedures Manual,” Appendix 2, and authorized by NCGS § 20-183.5A. “When a vehicle that fails a safety inspection because of missing emissions control devices may obtain a waiver. ,” Appendix 1

.

3. EPA regulations allow a time extension to obtain needed repairs on a vehicle in the case of economic hardship when waiver requirements have not been met. The DMV, at this time,

has not chosen to offer time extensions.

EPA regulations also allow exemptions for tamper ing-related repairs if it can be verified that the part in question or one similar to it is no longer available for sale. The DMV has chosen to offer tamper-related exemptions; DMV will verify that the part in question or one similar to it is no longer available for sale prior to issuing the exception.

4. The emissions receipt (certificate) for a failed vehicle inspection alerts the motorist of emission failure information, warranty cove rage, and waiver availability in the DAQ’s “North Carolina Analyzer System Specification. ,” Appendix 9.



## L. MOTORIST COMPLIANCE EN FORCEMENT (40 CFR §51.361)

1. The legal authority for the implementation of the I/M program is included in §143-215.107. “Air quality standards and classifications. ,” Appendix 1. The regulations governing specific operation of this aspect of the program are contained in the regulations in 15A NCAC 02D .1005, “On-Board Diagnostic Standards. ,” Appendix 1.

13 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 20132. The legal authority for enforcement of the I/M program is included in, NCGS §20-183.8. “Infractions and criminal offenses for vi olations of inspection requirements. ,” Appendix 1. A penalty schedule for violations of these regulations is included in NCGS Article 3A – Safety and Emissions Inspection Program §20-183.8A

, “Civil penalties against motorists for emissions violations; waiver. ,” Appendix 1.

3. A registration-denial based program is used fo r enforcement. As of April 12, 2010, vehicles will be denied registration renewal if a require d emissions inspection is not found in the VID

for that vehicle. Vehicle owners are allowed 90 days prior to the registration expiration date to get an inspection for their vehicle.

The DMV developed the “DMV License and Theft Bureau Policy and Procedures Manual,” Appendix 2 to be followed by personnel involved in enforcing and overseeing the program. This manual details the procedures followed by the DMV and other State personnel involved

in the I/M program document handling and processing and by the supervisory personnel who oversee staff involved in program enforcemen t, document handling and processing. The procedures manual also provides a schedule of disciplinary actions used against personnel who deviate from prescribed procedures. Additional DMV Enforcement Procedures information is found in Appendix 10.

4. All non-gasoline powered vehicles, motorcycles, heavy-duty, plug-in electric, and current model year vehicles the three newest model year vehicles with less than 70,000 miles on the

odometer are exempt from the I/M program.

5. There are no provisions for off-hours testing for fleet vehicles since fleets may be selfinspected. Fleets may be officially inspected outside of the normal I/M program test facilities, but are subject to the same test requirements using the same quality control

standards as non-fleet vehicles.

6. The State of North Carolina commits to the leve l of motorist enforcement necessary to ensure a minimum compliance rate of no less than 92 96% among subject vehicles by 2011 2014

. The compliance rate is defined as the number of valid passing inspections out of the number of subject vehicles to the emissions inspection. This compliance rate reflects the compliance rate used in the demonstration of the performan ce standard as described in Section A of this

document

. If it is determined that the I/M pr ogram is not meeting the compliance rate committed to here, the DAQ will review th e compliance methodology and revise when necessary. The DAQ and DMV believe that the compliance rate of 95 96 % is a conservative estimate based on the full implementation of the electronic authorization program in 2009. However, when the new electronic authorization program is fully implemented, the DAQ and

DMV anticipate compliance rates to considerably improve.



## M. MOTORIST COMPLIANCE ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM
OVERSIGHT (40 CFR §51.362)

1. The “DMV License and Theft Bureau Policy and Procedures Manual,” Appendix 2, details the procedures followed by the DMV in enforci ng the motorist compliance portion of the I/M program, handling and processing program documen ts, and by the supervisory personnel who oversee staff involved in program enforcemen t, document handling, and processing. The State Personnel Manual describes disciplinary ac tions to be used against personnel who

14 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013deviate from prescribed procedures. Add itional Enforcement Oversight Procedures information is found in Appendix 11.



## N. QUALITY ASSURANCE (40 CFR §51.363)

1. The DMV uses a process to automate thei r reporting system that gathers information of the

DMV ’s has a process in place to report and track all enforcement and field activities that

tak es place across the state. In mid

- 2006

, the DMV began the installation of their new enforcement application package th at tracks all enforcement activities and field auditing

activities in an electronic format for better efficiency. Verizon Business , the VID contractor developed a new real time data collection system called the North Carolina El ectronic Transmission System (NCETS) . NCETS helps to improve the DMV’s remote auditing of stations, by allowing the DMV field staff to remote ly observe an inspection taking place from their computer. NCETS also allows authorized station personnel to purchase

electronic authorizations for their analyzers. Since the switch in program vendors on December 1, 2012 from Verizon Business to SysTech International (now called Opus Inspection), the new real time data co llection capabilities will exceed the capabilities previously provided by Verizon Business. The new system not only assigns, tracks and provides live monitoring of an inspection, but enhances customer service through advance option capabilities. The big difference in th e new system is the separation of the investigative entry and tracking system (records management) from the auditing system. The DMV now utilizes its record management system for entering, tracking and storing all investigations. This has improved efficienci es in workflow by having a system of record that enhance quality assurance in internal a nd external interaction and provides better workflow and communication among all entities of the Division.

3. The DMV currently schedules a minimum of four overt audits per station per year, and one covert audit per station per year and as many remote observations as required to validate complaints or concerns of wrong doing. The DMV schedules a minimum of one overt audit per station per year, and one covert audit per station per year and as many remote observations as required to validate complaints or concerns of wrong doing. The DMV and DAQ requested approval from the EPA to reduce the number of covert audits from two to one per year, while the DMV implemented a targeted enforcement program. Details of this

new effort is outlined in the DAQ ’s “Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Program Audit

Procedure Manual” and the “DMV License and Theft Bureau Policy and Procedures

Manual. ,” Appendix 2 and Quality Assurance Procedures

, Appendix 12.

The DMV has further changed its self-inspection stations auditing procedures to direct its efforts and resources on self-inspection stations that inspect vehicles that are issued permanent plates by the Division. Along with the one overt audit the DMV now requires all self-inspection stations who conduct inspecti ons on permanently plated vehicles to selfreport each year to the Division for a member of the Division to review all vehicles registered to the business for compliance with State Inspection requirements

3. The License and Theft Bureau completes two in ternal inspections (called Staff Inspections) of field offices and headquarters’ units annually and is audited by an external group the

Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcemen t Agencies (CALEA) triennially to ensure compliance with set standards and proven ma nagement procedures. During these internal

15 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013audits the assessors review and inspect all dist rict office, field office, and headquarter unit files, (to include inspection station files, aud it records and waiver and exemption records) and adherence to procedures to verify business is being conducted in accordance with North Carolina General Statutes and Bureau Policy a nd Procedures. At the conclusion of the inspections, a report is submitted to the Director of the License and Theft Bureau for review. If deficiencies or violations are identified, the Supervisor over the Office of Professional

Standards will be notified to render correc tive, and if required, disciplinary action. All DMV program auditors shall themselves be audited once per year by the DAQ. The DAQ “Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Program Audit Procedure Manual” do cumen ts the procedures the DAQ follows while auditing the I/M program and the DMV quality assurance

auditors

.



## O. ENFORCMENT AGAINST CONT RACTORS, STATIONS AND
INSPECTORS (40 CFR §51.364)

1. The DMV is responsible for enforcement against inspection stations and inspector mechanics. The enforcement actions that the DMV must follow for violations found at inspection stations or by inspection mechanics inspectors are outlined in the following statutes in Appendix 1 :

• NCGS §20-183.8, “Infractions and criminal offenses for violations of inspection requirements”

• NCGS §20-183.8A, “Civil penalties against motorists for emissions violations;

waiver”

• NCGS §20-183.8B, “Civil penalties against license holders and suspension or revocation of license for emissions violations”

• NCGS §20-183.8C “Acts that are Type I, II, or III emissions violations”

• NCGS §20-183.8D, “Sus pension or revocation of license.”

• NCGS §20-183.8F, “Requirements for giving license holders notice of violations and for taking summary action.” The NCGS allow for the immediate suspension or revocation of a license when a violation is found at an inspection station or by an inspection mechanics inspectors

.

2. The administrative and judicial procedures and responsibilities relevant to the enforcement process are outlined in, NCGS §20-183.8G, “Administrative and judicial review. ,” Appendix

1.



## P. DATA COLLECTION (40 CFR §51.365)

1. The DAQ’s “North Carolina Analyzer System Specification,” Appendix 9

, contains the equipment specifications that must be met by all I/M testing equipment approved for use in the State of North Carolina. This specification manual also provides data collection requirements and record storage formatting for the analyzers. The information contained

within each vehicle test record is such that it is possible to tie specific test results to a specific vehicle, test site, analyzer, and inspection mechanics inspectors

.

2. The State of North Carolina hereby commits to gather, summarize and report the results of quality control checks performed on testing equipment, sorted according to station number, analyzer number, date, and the start time of the quality control check.

16 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013

## Q. DATA ANALYSIS AND RE PORTING (40 CFR §51.366)

1. Annually, the State of North Carolina will ge nerate a report summary based upon program data collected from January through December of the previous year. This report will provide statistics for the testing program, the qualit y control program, the quality assurance program, and the enforcement program. At a minimum, the State commits to address all of the data

elements listed in 40 CFR §51.366.

2. The State of North Carolina shall report bienni ally on all changes made in the program design, funding, personnel levels, procedures, regulations, and legal authority, and shall supply a detailed discussion of the impact of such changes upon the program. This report

will also detail and discuss any weaknesses or problems discovered in the program over the previous two-year period, as well as the steps th at were taken to address those problems, the result of those corrective actions, and any future efforts planned.



## R. INSPECTOR TRAINING AND LICE NSING OR CERTIFICATION
(40 CFR §51.367)

1. Inspection mechanics I nspectors are required to successfully complete an eight-hour course approved by the DMV that teaches students about the causes and effects of the air pollution problem, the purpose of the emissions inspecti on program, the vehicle emission standards established by the EPA, the emission control devices on vehicles, how to conduct an emissions inspection using equipment to an alyze data provided by the OBD equipment approved by the EMC, and any other topic required by 40 C.F.R. §51.367 to be included in

the course. This course is offered at local community colleges across the state. Successful course completion requires a passing score on a written test and on a hands-on test in which the student is required to conduct an emissions inspection of a motor vehicle.

2. By law, NCGS §20-183.4A , “License required to perform emissions inspection; qualifications for license,” Appendix 1 , both stations and inspection mechanics inspectors are required to apply for a license with the DMV. Sta tions are also required to have equipment to analyze data provided by the OBD equipment approved by the EMC.



## S. PUBLIC INFORMATION AND COSUMER PROTECTION
(40 CFR §51.368)

1. The DAQ and DMV have a Memorandum of Understanding to jointly address public outreach for the OBD I/M program throughout the life of the program. Both agencies have developed public service announcements that inform the public about the I/M program. When the OBD program first started in No rth Carolina, many of the public service announcements focused on informing the public about the new program and when it would become effective in the various areas across the State. Additionally, Car Care Clinics were held across the State, which provided face-to-fa ce time with the public and the inspection facilities to discuss the importance of the I/M pr ogram. Open-Net Forums were broadcasted on public television four or five times a year , in both English and Spanish, which provided the public the opportunity to call into the show and have their questions answered about the

17 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013I/M program. Finally, the DAQ has established a separate web page (http://daq.state.nc.us/motor/inspect/htdocs/en/) providing information on the I/M program.

Now that the program has been fully implem ented, the public service announcements have focused on the importance of vehicle maintenance.

In addition to the OBD specific outreach, the DAQ has an Air Awareness program that provides general public education and outreach acr oss the State about air quality issues. This program has two state-wide coordinators and he lps fund local coordinators in several areas across the State to educate the public about how their actions impact the air quality and types of things the public may do to minimize thei r emissions. Since highway mobile sources are the largest source of emissions contributed to by the general public, part of the Air Awareness program focuses on educating the public about the OBD I/M program, what the check engine light means, and why it is important to keep their vehicles maintained.

Additionally, the DAQ voluntar ily provides Air Quality Forecasts across the State. Currently, the DAQ forecasts for ozone and fine particulate matter in the following areas: Asheville (both valley and ridge tops), Hic kory, Charlotte/Gastonia, Greensboro/WinstonSalem/High Point, Raleigh/Durham/Chapel H ill, Fayetteville and Rocky Mount (no PM

forecast due to no continuous monitor in the area). The forecasts are available through the DAQ website, a toll-free hotline, the EPA Air Now website, the newspapers and the broadcast media. In addition to the Air Qua lity Forecasts, real-time ambient air quality data can be viewed on the DAQ website or the public may call a hotline that provides the current Air Quality Index for nine areas in the State.

2. The DMV has made provisions for individuals wishing to challenge their results from an I/M station. When a vehicle fails an emissions test, the test report automatically includes information concerning causes for emissions failure , vehicle warranty, and waiver availability as outlined in the DAQ’s “North Carolina Analyzer System Specification,. ” Appendix 9.



## T. IMPROVING REPAIR EFFECT IVENESS (40 CFR §51.369)

1. North Carolina’s basic I/M program is not requi red to track repair effectiveness of individual repair facilities. , however the DAQ has developed a course curriculum (basic and advanced) for the diagnosis and repair of motor vehicles that have OBD systems and has provided training sessions for community college instructor s to offer this specialized training.



## U. COMPLIANCE WITH RECALL NOTICES (40 CFR §51.370)

1. Although not required for basic I/M program , the North Carolina em issions analyzers will display emissions related Technical Service Bulletins (TSB) or recall information, if available from the VID, during the emission inspection process.

18 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 201319 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 

## V. ON ROAD TESTIN G (40 CFR §51.371)

1. On-road testing is not required of North Carolina’s basic I/M program.Appendix 1

Statutory Authority

Contents:

NCGS §20-128.2 (a), “Motor vehicle emissions standards.”

NCGS §20-183, “Duties and powers of law-enforcement officers; warning by local officers before stopping another vehicle oh highway; warning tickets.”

NCGS §20-183.3, “Scope of safety inspection and emissions inspection.”

NCGS §20-183.4A, “License required to perform emissions inspection; qualifications for

license.”

NCGS §20-183.4C, “When a vehicle must be inspected; 10-day trip permit.”

NCGS §20-183.5A. “When a vehicle that fails a safety inspection because of missing emissions control devices may obtain a waiver.”

NCGS §20-183.6A. “Administration of program; duties of license holders.”

NCGS §20-183.7, “Fees for performing an inspection and issuing an electronic inspection authorization to a vehicle; use of civil penalties.”

NCGS §20-183.8, “Infractions and criminal offenses for violations of inspection requirements.”

NCGS §20-183.8A, “Civil penalties against motorists for emissions violations; waiver.”

NCGS §20-183.8B, “Civil penalties against license holders and suspension or revocation of

license for emissions violations.”

NCGS §20-183.8C, “Acts that are Type I, II, or III emissions violations.”

NCGS §20-183.8D, “Suspension or revocation of license.”

NCGS §20-183.8F, “Requirements for giving license holders notice of violations and for taking summary action.”

NCGS §20-183.8G, “Administrative and judicial review.”

NCGS §143-215.3A, “Use of application and p ermit fees Water and Air Quality Account; use of application and permit fees; Title V Account; I & M Air Pollution Control Account;

reports .”

NCGS §143-215.107 (a)(6), “Air quality standards and classifications.”

NCGS §143-215.107A, “Motor vehicle emissions testing and maintenance program.”

NCGS §143-215.111, “General powers of Commission, auxiliary powers.”

Appendix 1-1 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013(This page intentionally left blank)

Appendix 1-2 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 1-3 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 Links to all North Carolina General Statut es can be found on the following web page:

• http://www.ncleg.net/gascripts/statutes/Statutes.aspAppendix 2

I/M Rules and Regulations

Contents:

15A NCAC 2D .1000, “Motor vehicle Emission Control Standard”

19A NCAC 3D .500, “General Information Regarding Safety Inspection of Motor

Vehicles”

Links to the North Carolina Administrative Code can be found on the following web

page:

• http://reports.oah.state.nc.us/ncac.asp

“DMV License and Theft Bureau Policy and Procedures Manual” can be provided upon
request from NC DMV

“Memorandum of Understanding” The included MOU was signed in 2010 by both
agencies. DAQ and DMV plan to discuss future changes to the MOU or the need for an
MOU once a new Commissioner has been appointed

.

“Uh

- Oh” OBDII Failure brochure

The Sample OBDII Failure Brochure can be found in the NCAS Specification section
5.11 on the following web page.

• http://www.ncair.org/motor/inspect/analyzer_vendor.shtml

Appendix 2-1 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 2-2 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 (This page intentionally left blank)Appendix 2-3 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 2-4 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 2-5 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 2-6 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 3

Zip Code Listing Covering All I/M Counties

Contents:

Not Applicable to North Carolina

Appendix 3-1 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 3-2 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 (This page intentionally left blank)Appendix 4

MOVES Performance Standard Evaluation Tables

Contents:

Table 3: Counties Subject to CO I/ M Performance Standard based on 51.352(c)

Table 4: Counties Subject to 1-hour Ozone I/M Performance Standard based on 51.352(c)

Table 5: Counties Subject to 8-hour Ozone I/M Performance Standard based on 51.352(e)

Appendix 5-1 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 5-2 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 (This page intentionally left blank)Counties Subject to CO I/M Performa nce Standard based on 51.352(c)

Nonattainment

Area Year Counties Vehicle

Miles

Traveled

(VMT) Pollutant Basic I/M

Performance

Standard

(g/m) NC Target

I/M Program

(g/m) Percent

Reduction (%)

CharlotteGastonia

Area 2013 Gaston Mecklenburg 37,492,468 CO 17.048 15.895 7.001

Greensboro

- WinstonSalem - High Point

Area 2015 Davidson Forsyth

Guilford 25,860,478 CO 20.356 19.053 6.613

Raleigh -

Durham - Chapel Hill

Area 2014 Durham

Granville

Wake 35,888,298 CO 16.690 15.558 7.019

Appendix 5-3 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Counties Subject to 1-hour Ozone I/M Perf ormance Standard based on 51.352(c)

Nonattainment

Area Year Counties Vehicle

Miles

Traveled

(VMT) Pollutant Basic I/M

Performance

Standard

(g/m) NC Target

I/M Program

(g/m) Percent

Reduction (%)

CharlotteGastonia

Area 2013 Gaston, Mecklenburg 47,362,280 VOC 0.573 0.555 3.076

47,362,280 NO

x 1.222 1.177 3.711

Greensboro

- WinstonSalem - High Point

Area 2015 Davidson Forsyth

Guilford 32,668,149 VOC 0.631 0.611 3.257

32,668,149 NO

x 1.149 1.106 3.772

Raleigh -

Durham - Chapel Hill

Area 2014 Durham

Granville

Wake 45,335,753 VOC 0.509 0.490 3.675

45,335,753 NO

x 1.035 0.994 4.040

Appendix 5-4 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 5-5 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 Counties Subject to 8-hour Ozone I/M Perf ormance Standard based on 51.352(e)

Nonattainment

Area Year Counties Vehicle

Miles

Traveled

(VMT) Pollutant Basic I/M

Performance

Standard

(g/m) NC Target

I/M Program

(g/m) Percent

Reduction (%)

CharlotteGastonia

Area 2013 Cabarrus

Lincoln

Iredell

Rowan

Union 29,323,838 VOC 0.782 0.758 3.11

29,323,838 NO

x 1.506 1.445 4.13

Raleigh -

Durham -

Chapel

Hill Area 2014 Chatham

Franklin

Johnston

Orange 18,226,295 VOC 0.649 0.625 3.72

18,226,295 NO

x 1.449 1.389 4.23Appendix 5

I/M Budget: Fiscal Years 2012-2013

Contents:

DAQ Tools and Resources

DAQ Budget Plan

DMV Tools and Resources

DMV Budget Plan

Appendix 5-1 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 5-2 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 (This page intentionally left blank)

## DAQ Tools and Resources

The Division of Air Quality dedicates six positions to the I/M Program:

• An Environmental Program Supervisor, primar y duties are to supervise the Mobile Sources Compliance Branch.

• A lead Environmental Engineer, primary purpose of this position is to oversee the Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) Program and act as a liaison with DMV.

• A staff level Environmental Specialist, primary purp ose of this position is to perform staff-level technical services in support of the state’s inspec tion/maintenance (I/M) program and coordinate and any DAQ program audits.

• Two regional Environmental Senior Technician s (auditors), who will assist in any necessary program audits and with major analyzer software validations.

• One Environmental Specialist, who will assist in any necessary program audits and with major analyzer software validations.

These are all existing funded positions, funded through a dedicated, non-reverting account.

Appendix 5-3 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 5-4North Carolina I/M SIP SupplementOctober 11, 2013Appendix 5-5North Carolina I/M SIP SupplementOctober 11, 2013Appendix 5-5North Carolina I/M SIP SupplementOctober 11, 2013Appendix 5-6North Carolina I/M SIP SupplementOctober 11, 2013Appendix 5-7North Carolina I/M SIP SupplementOctober 11, 2013

## DMV Tools and Resources

The Division of Motor Vehicles License and Theft Bu reau dedicates 228 positions to the I/M program.

• 187 sworn law enforcement agents and managers, duties are program management, issuing
waivers, exemptions, covert audits, remote audits, and enforcement of violations.

• 28 civilian Call Center operators and managers, primary duties ar e personnel management and to
assist citizens and stations with complaints, i nquiries on the emission inspection requirements and
the purchase of electronic authorizations.

• 2 civilian Hearing Officers who deliberate over and render decision in civil hearings.

• 11 civilian Administrative staff assigned to one of the eight field offices who assist the law
enforcement agents in processing paperwork betw een the district and headquarters and adding
new technicians in the inspection system.

These are all existing funded positions, funded through a dedicated, non-reverting account.

Appendix 5-8 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix5-9North Carolina I/M SIP SupplementOctober 11, 2013Appendix5-10North Carolina I/M SIP SupplementOctober 11, 2013Appendix5-11North Carolina I/M SIP SupplementOctober 11, 2013Appendix5-11orth Carolina I/M SIP SupplementOctober 11, 2013NAppendix 6

Number of vehicles Included in the I/M Program

Contents:

The number of vehicles by county and model year is maintained by DMV

Appendix 6-1 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013(This page intentionally left blank)

Appendix 6-2 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-3 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-4 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-5 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-6 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-7 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-8 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-9 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-10 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-11 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-12 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-13 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-14 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-15 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-16 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-17 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-18 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-19 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-20 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-21 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-22 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 6-23 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 7

Quality Control Procedures

Contents:

Quality Control Procedures

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## Quality Control Procedures

DMV License & Theft Bureau Inspectors conduct periodic quality control audits. These audits are performed by physically visiting the stati ons and conducting an inspection of all required equipment to perform inspections as require d by state law and administrative code.

Appendix 2 contains the current North Carolina Administrative Code governing vehicle Safety/OBD Inspections. All quality control and maintenance procedures to be followed by the inspection mechanics inspectors Inspector Mechanics are contained in this manual.

NOTE: The current manual Administrative Code has not been updated to reflect the changes moving from emissions tailpipe inspections to a 100% OBD II inspection procedure nor does it reflect the implementation of electronic authorizations in 2008 . The DMV License and Theft Bureau is working on revising the Code to conform to current policies and procedures.

Appendix 7-3 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 8

Record Keeping and Document Security

Contents:

Record Keeping and Document Security

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## Record Keeping and Document Security

Licensed inspection stations must may procure electronic authorizations certificates from the North Carolina Department of Transportation , Division of Motor Vehicles (NC DMV) (via web page, phone call or through the inspection analyzer) and no other sources. Stations are held strictly accountable for inspection certificates in their possession. Any licensed inspection station losing or not accounting for any inspection certificate is subjec t to suspension or revocation of thei r inspection license, or subject to criminal charges as covered in N.C.G.S. 20

- 183.8. Upon discovery of a loss or theft of any inspection certificates, stations are required to re port the loss or theft to the DMV Enfor cement Section. Oral reports must be made as soon as practical to their local Enforcement Section Inspector, followed by a written Police report and written report setting out all the facts concerning the loss or theft. Since North Carolina has moved to an electronic authorization type syst em, inspection stations are no longer accountable for inspection certificates in their possession. The accounting for all electronic authorizations is handled by the inspection analyzer and the vehicle information database.

With electronic authorizations, inspection stations are unable to furnish, give, loan, transfer, reissue, or sell any inspection certificates to any other licensed station or inspector mechanic. Inspection stations are prohibited from furnishing, giving, loaning, or selling any inspection certificates to any other licensed station or Inspection Mechanic. Inspection certificates are not to transferred or reissued. They may only be affixed to the vehicle as designated on the receipt and statement, and only after a complete inspection of the vehicle has been performed and confirms that it meets requirements for approval. It is the duty of each inspection station to protect the certificates from damage or larceny. All unused certificates must be

acc ounted for. Unused certificates must be kept in a safe place until audited and destroyed be an Agent of

the Enforcement Section.

All inspection supplies, copies of receipts unused certificates, and statements pertaining to the issuance of

electronic authorizations certificates , and forms issued by the North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles NC DMV pursuant to carrying out the inspection prog ram are considered the property of the NC DMV. Upon any suspension or revocation of any station license, or if the station ceases to do business, all any such items must be surrendered to NC DMV if requested and inventoried by an Agent of the Division of

Motor Vehicles

.

Each licensed station is required to maintain a copy of the receipt and statement report as issued to the operator of a vehicle upon completion of the inspection. The copy of the receipt must be maintained for at least eighteen (18) months following the inspec tion. The inspection records must be are made available for inspection by any Law Enforcement Officer, upon demand, during normal business hours.

Appendix 8-3 North Carolina currently uses a registration denial sticker enforcement method for insuring motorist compliance with the inspection requirement . These certificates are currently gummed on the face s ide with a specially formulated, pressure sensitive adhesi ve requiring no water, solvent, or other wetting agent for activation. The adhesive side of each emblem is protected until use by an easily removable slip sheet. When the slip sheet is removed and the certificate is applied, it forms a tight bond with the windshield until intentionally and manually removed. As a security measure, th e certificates incorporate

a self destructive “VOID” feature. If an a ttempt is made to remove the decal from the dec al from the windshield, the word “VOID” will appear on bot h the certificate and windshield from which it was removed, so the certificate cannot be reused on another vehicle. The certificates have built

- in security features which safeguard the State of Nor th Carolina against counterfeiting. This is accomplished by incorporating into the design a chemical indictor known only to the manufacturer and authorized personnel of the State of North Carolina. Counterfeit

- proof penetrating ink is used for serial num bering.

North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 8-4 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 Each certificate has an ease of recognition feature (NC) incorporated into the design. This enables a genuine certificate to be readily determined from a counterfeit by viewing the inspection certificate from

outside of the vehicle. This visual identifiable feature is a non

- destructive verification test of authenticity. Each certificate has a unique serial number and is accounted for through a computer matching inventory system. DMV will continue to use these or other security measures as the t echnology becomes available. DMV may change or alter the style of the certificates to conform to legislative demands or policies. DMA will not allow changes which will compromise certificate security or be in direct violation of Federal Regulations. Vehicles may be inspected up to 90 days prior to the expiration of the vehicle’s registration expiration date. If the vehicle is not insp ected, the vehicle’s registration will expire and be blocked from renewal or initial registration until the vehicle is inspected.

In the event the Division of Motor Vehicles uses a registration denial system, it may become necessary to

discontinue the use of certificate as a means of co mpliance enforcement due to either legislative or economic reasons. In the event a regis tration denial system is used, the Division of Motor Vehicles will enact appropriate security measure to ensure Federal Regulations are met regarding security and anti

counterfeit measures.

The quality of the enforcement program’s information base is assured through the use of bar-coded data entry at the test site , gaining the VIN through the bar

- coded VIN on the vehicle, or redundant manual entry of the VIN and additional qualifiers such as linking the license plate number to the entered vehicle

identification number. The Division of Motor Vehicle’s computer system is in the process of being upgraded and is scheduled to come on line in 1995. Once on line, each vehicle registration will contain

the bar

- coded VIN. The NC DMV registration card displays a bar-coded VIN for the associated registered vehicle. By having the bar-coded VIN on each registration, stations will be able to scan the VIN from the registration card, verify the entry matches the public VIN which and increases the accuracy of the data entry. DMV’s upgraded computer system will allow tracking of vehicles which be redundant

entry. NC DMV’s upgraded computer system allows tracking of vehicles which receive require exemptions or waivers and registration changes which might occur. Stations performing inspections are to maintain copies of their records for a minimum of eight een (18) months. These records are subsequently checked during quarterly audits.Appendix 9

Equipment Specifications

Contents:

The North Carolina Analyzer Specifications can be found on the following web page.

• http://ncair.org/motor/inspect/analyzer_vendor.shtml

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Enforcement Procedures

Contents:

DMV Enforcement Procedures

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## DMV Enforcement Procedures

The North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles in 2008 implemented a program known as eSticker. This eSticker program moved the inspection program away from paper inspection stickers to embrace electronic inspection authorizations. These electronic inspection authorizations or eStickers are assigned to a vehicle’s identification number for passing inspections. The North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles expects to allocate funds for the oversight of the computer mat ching and sticker enforcement

mechanisms.

Strategies for motorist compliance primarily revolve around registration denial by utilizing the eSticker concept while continuing to identify and cite vehicl e owners during roadside pullovers for identifying

and citing vehicle owners include, but are not limited t o , roadside pullovers and the future use of on

- road testing devices . Roadside pullovers are conducted by all any law enforcement officers with proper jurisdiction DMV Officers, State Troo pers, County and Local law Enforcement Officers . Roadside checkpoints pullovers consist of stopping all traffic on a random street or highway and checking the registration expiration inspection certificate for expiration and against the vehicle registration for the

proper county . Because of eSticker the authenticity of the vehicle’s inspection can be easily verified by reviewing the registration.

A penalty schedule is used in the case of violations by inspection mechanics and inspection stations. The penalty schedule has been approved and signed into law. It has been incorporated into this document for reference. (http://www.ncleg.net/gascripts/statutes/st atutelookup.pl?statute=20- 183.8B) Penalties which include revocation require manda tory retraining for offenders.

The license of any inspection station or mechanic in viol ation of any of the articles or provisions of either the regulations or laws governing the inspection of motor vehicles is subject to suspension, cancellation

or revocation. Individuals who violate in direct violation of the laws of this State which govern covering inspections are subject to criminal prosecution. Any person, firm or corporation conducting inspections, whose license is suspended or revoked, must surrender all unused inspection certif icates to the Division of Motor Vehicles, and no such license is allowed to inspect vehicles while its license is suspended or

revoked. Every licensee is provided an opportunity for a "show cause" or administrative hearing prior to the suspension/revocation of his license. Any li censee whose license has been suspended or revoked may, within ten (10) days from the date of the suspension or revocation, request a hearing in writing before the Commissioner or his designated Agent. In such cases, the hearing must be conducted within thirty (30) ten (10) days of the receipt of the written request for such hearing. When a station has requested and been granted a heari ng prior to a suspension or revocation order being served, the licensee waives any further hear ing, provided for in N.C.G.S. 20

- 183.4 (5).

Appendix 10-3 Prior to the reinstatement of any license suspende d or revoked by Order of the Commissioner, it is necessary for the applicant to demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the Commissioner or his appointed Agent, that his employees have ample knowledge of the inspection procedures and requirements described in the rules and regulations, and that the location is mechanically equipped to carry out proper inspections. It is also necessary for the applicant, for reinstatemen t, to attend a training session for both

the Safety Inspection and OBD Exhaust Emissions Inspections . Proof of satisfactory completion must be presented to a representative of the Division of Motor Vehicles on a form approved by the Commissioner

. Any inspector mechanis who has been in active for a period of one (1) year or more must be recertified by satisfactorily completing the required training. In the interim period, prior to the implementation of a fine schedule, DMW Enforcement Inspectors will b e issuing criminal citations on all violations of the

North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013inspection requirements which carry a penalty of revo cation of the inspection license. Offenders will be charged with a violation of N.C.G.S 20

- 183.8 (c), which makes vaiolations of the inspection laws an infraction and carries a penalty of not more than fi fty dollars ($50.00) plus court costs, which are currently sixty

- five dollars ($65.00).

In the case of either an administrative hearing or criminal trial, the DMV Law Enforcement Officer is present to testify unless, through notification, the Officer's presence is not necessary. The Officer provides and presents the necessary information and facts relevant to the case.

DMV License and Theft Bureau Agents have the au thority to immediately temporarily suspend licenses of stations and inspection mechanics upon finding major violations.

State Auditors are granted the authority to immedi ately temporarily suspend licenses of stations and inspector mechanics upon finding a major violation. The I/M progra m management records all enforcement activities, including all warnings , fines, suspensions, revocations and other notices of violation. On a quarterly basis, the Enforcement Section completes a summary of the statistics on its

enforcement activities and reports this information the the Nort h Carolina Department of Environment Health, and Natural Resources, Divi sion of Environmental Management , Air Quality Section, mobile Sources Compliance Unit so they may use this information for reports to the EPA and d issemination to the public.

In the case of inspection inspector mechanic incompetence, the inspection inspector mechanic is required to be retrained and must successfully complete the required courses and tests. The mechanic must then

demonstrate the abi lity to perform the test procedure prio r to the restoration of his license. For cases involving factors other than those of incompetence, the inspection inspector mechanic is suspended for a time frame correlating with severity of the violation, with suspensions increasi ng with the severity and frequency of the violation. Offenses involving gr oss neglect, deliberate circumvention, or multiple offenses ultimately lead to permanent license revocation.

Civil penalties and violations associated with the In spection and Maintenance Program can be found in Appendix 1:

• NCGS §20-183.7, “Fees for performing an inspection and issuing an electronic inspection
authorization to a vehicle; use of civil penalties.”

• NCGS §20-183.8, “Infractions and criminal offenses for violations of inspection
requirements.”

• NCGS §20-183.8A, “Civil penalties against motorists for emissions violations; waiver.”

• NCGS §20-183.8B, “Civil penalties against licen se holders and suspension or revocation of

license for emissions violations.”

• NCGS §20-183.8C, “Acts that are Type I, II, or III emissions violations.”

• NCGS §20-183.8D, “Suspension or revocation of license.”

Appendix 10-4 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 10-5 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 • NCGS §20-183.8F, “Requirements for giving license holders notice of violations and for
taking summary action.”

• NCGS §20-183.8G, “Administrative and judicial review.”Appendix 11

Enforcement Oversight Procedures

Contents:

DMV Information

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## Enforcement Oversight Procedures

The legal authority contained in North Carolina Genera l Statute Chapter 20, Article 3A, Part 1, is the basis of the oversight and enforcement element of the vehicle inspection and maintenance I/M program. The regulations and procedures by which the vehicle inspection and maintenance I/ M program is administered come from N.C.G.S. 20-2( b), in which the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles is given the authority to promulgate the regulations and prov isions reasonably necessary to implement Chapter 20 of the North Carolina Genera l Statutes. N.C.G.S. 20-183.8B sets criteria for imposing fines and penalties as approved by the General Assembly and ratified as law necessary to carry out the inspection program . Laws applicable to enforcement can only be made by the North Carolina general Assembly. Many of the implementation items such as those imposing fines and penalties must be approved by the General Assembly and ratified by law. Neither the Commissioner

of Motor Vehicles nor the Governor of North Ca rolina have the authority to enact regulations covering the I/M inspections, a nd itends to implement each item outlined in the implementation plan. DMV does not have the authority to enact some of the outlined proposals, but does intend to seek legislative approval for all times outlined a nd provide an estimated implementation date . In the event the General Assembly does not approve fees and fines as proposed, DMV will modify the implementation plan, then submit the plan for approval. The Division of Motor Vehicles is fully committed to following EPA regulations covering vehicle inspection and maintenance programs

.

The North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles u tilizes a "two-pronged" approach to implementing the motorist compliance aspect of the plan. This approach will be is accomplished by using both registration denial a sti cker enforcement system and computer matching system and civil penalty

assessments as outlined in N.C.G.S. 20-183.8A. Since beginning a safety inspection program in February, 199, North Carolina has used stickers as a means of enforcing motorist complian ce. Every

Law Enforcement Officer in the State who has the aut hority to enforce motor vehicle laws is able to

cite violators of the enforcement laws. Enclosed is a list by county of the number of violators found guily in calendar year 1992 of failing to have vehicles inspected. This does not include all citations written where the motorist complied and appeared in court with proof of compliance and the case was dismissed by the Judge or District Attorney . North Carolina Law Enforcement Officers are

cond itioned to stop and cite violators of safety inspection laws. Officers in any area of the State can cite a violator for having an expired emissions in spection sticker. The sticker enforcement program has proven effective since 1996, and continues to achi eve a high degree of compliance today.

The second part of the DMV proposal is to use a com puter matching system to match vehicle registration records with the I/M inspections which have been performed. A direct VIN match compliance rate of

80% is now ach ieved without the use of redundant data entry. With redundant data entry, DMV feels a direct match compliance rate of eighty

- five percent (85%) or higher is a reasonable objective. A new DMV registration computer system is scheduled to come on line in ca lendar year 1995. The new system

will feature bar

- coded VIN information on each registration. With the accuracy of bar

- coded information, DMV will commit to a ninety

- five percent (95%) direct match compliance rate in calendar year 1996. Pending legislat ive approval, DMV will begin actions in calendar year 1996 against motorists who are noncomplying, by ultimately denying registration if there is no direct match of inspection during the previous year at the time of registration renewal. Owners would be r equired to provide proof of inspection for registration.

Stations will be monitored on a monthly basis through the use of their monthly records and downloads. Records of stations will be checked on a monthly basis to determine error rate in entry of VIN and

Appendix 11-3 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 11-4 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 vehicle license plate numbers. Actions will be taken ag ainst stations with errors in excess of five percent (5%).

The Division of Motor Vehicles currently provides c overt vehicles and performs either a covert or remote audit per station annually. There are approxi mately sixteen (16) fleet covert vehicles available for use. These vehicles are set to fail OBD inspec tions one hundred percent (100%) of the time. The Division of Motor Vehicles currently provides undercover vehicles and performs a minim um of one (1) covet audit per station per year. There are approximate ly ten (10) fleet vehicles available for use. These

vehicles are set to fail tamper approximately fifty percent (50%) of the time and set to fail emissions approximately ten percent (10 %) of the time.

DMV anticipates with the Legislative approval of the Emissions Maintenance Fund (EMF), it will be able to provide covert audits equal to the number of Inspector Mechanics at each station. Covert audits will be

conducted with the vehicle set to fail either tamper or emissions standards at a minimum of seventy

- five percent (75%) of the time. Repairs will be purchased at a minimum of one (1) covert audit per station for test and repair facilities. For self-inspection stations, the DMV has updated its self-inspection stations auditing procedures to direct its efforts and resources on self-inspection stations that inspect vehicles that are issued permanent plates by the Division. Alo ng with the one overt audit the DMV now requires all self-inspection stations who conduct inspection on perm anently plated vehicles to self-report each year to

the Division for a member of the Division to review all vehicles registered to the business for compliance with State Inspection requirements. Field Audit ors will perform spot inspections of the available vehicle fleet, checking for tampering and emissions standards compliance by testing ten percent (l0%) or twenty

five (25) vehicles during the year, whichever is less. DMV will provide covert audit vehicle s at a rate of no more than twenty (20) emissions repairs per ve hicle, and no more than two hundred (200) covert inspections per vehicle. Vehicles will include differe nt makes and model years, foreign and domestic. Each covert vehicle will use regular ra ndom North Carolina registrations to assure anonymity, at a rate of no more than two hundred (200) inspections per plate. DMV will be dependant on support from Congestion/Mitigation Air Quality (CMAQ) Funds to assist in the purchase of vehicles. CMAQ fun ds will also be used for a maintenance facility which w ill prepare vehicles for tampering or emission failure.

The Division of Motor Vehicles collects all vehicle in spection information and matches the data to the host system for DMV registration records. This au tomation allows for successful registration denial enforcement and during calendar year 2012 posted a ni nety-eight point nine percent (98.9%) compliance rate for registered vehicles receiving its required inspection. This automation assists DMV with preparing the required EPA reports and ensuring the in tent of the program is being met at the highest

level. The Division of Motor Vehicles has full access to all approve North Carolina Analyzer System 90 (NCAS 90) software to allow DMV Agents to anal yze data and conduct necessary data related functions. Each station analyzer will download its monthly insp ection data to IBM’s Information Network. This

information is retrieved and stored on the North Carolina State Information Processing System (SIPS) mainframe. The SIPS Network is a database for all collected information and the host system for DMV registration records. With funds received from the EMF, it is anticipated DMV Enforcement will have a

full

- time analyst and programmer to sufficiently eva luate all information and prepare proper EPA reports.Appendix 12

Quality Assurance Procedures

Contents:

DMV Quality Assurance Procedures

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## DMV Quality Assurance Procedures

Procedures to be used by program administrators will follow procedures which have been established for conducting remote, covert and overt audits auditors follow . Both include sufficient record keeping requirements to support and convert stati ons and individuals during criminal trail s and/or administrative hearings. All Auditors must be certified or certifia ble as State Law Enforcement Officers, which includes approximately four hundred forty (440) hours of law enforcement training, basic investigations, evidence gathering, and court proceedings. All audits include sufficient record keeping requirements to support and convict stations and individuals during criminal trails and/or administrative hearings. DMV License and Theft Bureau Inspectors must be certified or certifiable as State Law Enforcement Officers, which includes approximately six hundred twenty (620) hours of law enforcement training, basic investigations, evidence gathering, and court proceedings. DMV License and & Theft Bureau Inspectors receive additional instruction covering the use of inspecti on machines utilized in the North Carolina program, program rules and regulations, basics of pollution control, quality assura nce practices, and covert audit procedures. DMV Enforcement Officers receive and additional forty (4 0) hours of instruction covering the use of analyzers, I/M program’s rules and regul ations, basics of pollution control, quality assurance practices, and covert audit procedures.

Overt audits are conducted a minimum of once per station per year. Overt au dits are conducted a minimum of once per quarter per inspection station. Audits include a check of certificate security and accounting for those shown lost or voided record keeping practices, waiv er issuance review, mechanic licensure, licenses properly posted, inspection area, a nd ensuring all equipment is in good working order and has the current state approved software installed . While performing audits In performing audits

, DMV License and Theft Bureau personnel will complete a performan ce audit report which is generated from the inspection machine including but not limited to ensuring a properly functioning bar code scanner, data link connector, operable printer, etc will perform calibration and leak check of the analyzers . Gas bottles used for calibr ation are checked to ensure they are properly labeled and within the required tolerances. During audits, gases of the known concentrations are introduced through the exhaust sample probe to check for machine accur acy. These gases contain concentrations o f carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons as expressed in parts per million in propane. Machines not within re

sudtied by DMV personnel. Gas analyzers are designe d to lock out operators for a variety of reasons, including tampering with disk dr ive doors or attempting to access the computer system or mechanical parts. Operators are not able to proceed with any inspection until these lockouts are cleared by DMV personnel. Test records will be reviewed electronically once per month and by station s to flag statistically inconsistent or improbable results. Station record s will be electronically reviewed once per month to check for excessively high or low failure rates.

Appendix 12-3 The DMV License and Theft Bureau will conduct a numb er of remote/covert audits each year at a minimum of one annually per currently licensed inspection station, plus additional audits aimed at suspected problem stations. Covert vehicles are set to fail the bulb check (KOEO) test one hundred percent (100%) of the time. Current ly Licensed Inspection stations are a udited at least once per year with a vehicle set to fail the OBD portion of the inspection test or receive a remote observation audit. The Division of Motor Vehicles Registration Section w ill provide random license plates and fictitious registrations to assure anonymity of the covert vehicles. The program shall conduct a number of covert audits each year which will be equal to the number of licensed inspector mechanics, plus no less than five percent (5%), to account for a dditional covert activity aimed at suspected problem sites. Covert vehicles will be set to fail tampering or emissions a minimum of seventy

- five percent (75%) of the time. Test and repair stations will be audited at least once per year with a vehicle set to fail the exhaust emissions test. Repairs will be purchased and the vehicle retested. Covert vehicles will reflect the full range of

North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 12-4 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 technology and malfunction manufactured types. The covert vehicle fleet will be comprised of differing types of vehicle makes and model years, foreign and domestic. Remote observations will also be performed on stations performing five thousand (5,000) or more inspections per year. The program will employ one (1) covert auditor per fi ve hundred (500) licensed mechanics , and shall rotate among testing areas to avoid detection. The program will have no mo re than twenty (20) emissions repairs per covert vehicle, and no more than two hundred (200) covert inspections per vehicle. The Division of Motor Vehicles Registration Section will provide random license plated and fictitious registrations to assure anonymity of the covert auditors.

DMV License and Theft Bureau Inspectors will receive in-service training each year and themselves shall be audited at least once per year. This training will consist of, but not be limited to, the use of inspection machines, program rules and regulations, basics of air pollution control, engine repair arid performance, motor vehicle emissions control systems, investigations , fraud detection, quality control, and covert audit procedures. All program auditors shall be auditors shall be audited at least once per year and have approximately forty (40) hours of in

- service training per year. The training will consist of, but not limited to, th e use of analyzers, program rules and regulations, basics of air pollution control, engine repair and performance, motor vehicle emissions control systems, investigations, and administrative quality control, and covert audit procedures.

Regulations require Inspect ors Mechanics inspection mechanics to attend and pass the necessary vehicle inspection courses offered by an approved North Caro lina Community College or Technical Institute and taught by an approved instructor. Training is currently being reform atted to include the elements in Section 51.367 (a) of the Federal EPA’s November 5, 1992 I/M Rule, which are not already present, and will be introduced in the Community College system prior to January 1, 1994. Students are not passed unless they have pa sses a written test based on the elements of Section 51.367 (a) with a minimum score of eighty percent (80%) correct responses. Students must also pass a hands

- on test and demonstrate both knowledge and ability to perform an emissions inspection by a DMV Auditor before being licensed. Inspectors must pass refresher training every four (4 ) years and demonstrate the knowledge and ability to properly conduct a test to a DMV Auditor once ever y year. Should the Auditor discover the Inspector cannot properly p erform the test, the Inspector’s licensure is removed and the Inspector must attend training at the Community College system as described above. The Division of Motor Vehicles tracks licenses expiration electronically within the (VID) vehicle information database and notifies the Inspector sixty (60) days in advance of the license expiration . An outline of the current vehicle inspection training course is currently accessible on the NC Community Colleges web page http://www.nccommunitycolleges. edu/Business_and_Industry/ConEd/Automotive/AUT3129%20Course %20Materials-2.htm and complies with the elements in 40 CFR Section 51.367 included . Community College instructors Instructors licensed through the Division of Motor Vehicles must be recertified once every two (2) years through written exam achieving a minimum score of eighty percent (80%) correct responses. Instructional classes are monitored by License and Theft Bureau Inspectors through class

visits through covet audits through both the Community College system and the Division of Motor

Vehicle Enforcement Section

.

The Division of Motor Vehicles License and Theft Bureau Enforcement Section has assessed the availability of training and found that Community Colleges and Technical Institutes within North

Carolina in I/M areas provide adequate training in the diagnosis and repair of emissions malfunctions and general training on the various subsystems related to emissions contro l and complete thorough vehicle inspections.Appendix 13

List of Abbreviations

Contents:

List of Abbreviations

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Appendix 13-2 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013Appendix 13-3 North Carolina I/M SIP Supplement October 11, 2013 

## List of Abbreviations

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CO carbon monoxide DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DAQ Division of Air Quality

DMV Division of Motor Vehicles EGR exhaust gas recirculation EPA Environmental Protection Agency EMC Environmental Management Commission

EMF Emissions Maintenance Fund EMS Emergency Medical Service HDV heavy duty vehicle I/M inspection and maintenance LDV light duty vehicle MSA metropolitan statistical area

MOVES Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NC North Carolina

NCAC North Carolina Administrative Code NCDOT North Carolina Depart ment of Transportation

NCGS North Carolina General Statute

NO

x oxides of nitrogen

O 3 ozone OBD On-Board Diagnostic II System PCV positive crankcase ventilation SADLS State Automated Driver License System SIP state implementation plan STARS State Titling and Registration System

TSB technical service bulletin

VID vehicle information database

VIN vehicle identification number VOC volatile organic compoundsAppendix 14

Public Hearing Notice report, Comments Received and Responses

Contents:

DMV Quality Assu rance Procedures

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