IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO 

EASTERN DIVISION 

ANGELA SUE COLANER, : 

 : 

 Plaintiff, : Case No. 12-cv-00716 

 : 

 v. : JUDGE ALGENON L. MARBLEY 

 : 

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL : 

SECURITY, : 

 : Magistrate Judge Abel 

 Defendant. : 

ORDER AND ORDER 

 On July 19, 2013, the United States Magistrate Judge issued a Report and 

Recommendation in this case, recommending that this Court remand to the administrative law 

judge (“ALJ”), in order for the ALJ to use a medical expert to assist in determining Plaintiff’s 

residual functional capacity for the relevant period. (Doc. 14). Defendant objected to this 

recommendation (Doc. 15) and Plaintiff replied, asking this Court to adopt the Report and 

Recommendation in full (Doc. 16). 

For the reasons stated herein, the court OVERRULES Defendant’s Objections, 

ADOPTS the Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation, and REMANDS the case to 

the administrative law judge. 

I. BACKGROUND 

Plaintiff, Angela Colaner, filed her application for disability insurance benefits on 

January 5, 2009, alleging that she became disabled on November 28, 2005, at age 38. Plaintiff 

asserts that she suffers from degenerative disc disease (“DDD”), panic attacks, high blood 

pressure, and high cholesterol. She was last insured for benefits on September 30, 2006. (Report 

& Recommendation, Doc. 12, at 1-2). 

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Plaintiff was forced to leave her job as a convenience store clerk in 2005 because of 

impairments to her back. She had recovered from back surgery in 2003, but by 2005 her DDD 

caused intense pain, which worsened by 2008, spreading to her legs, and prompting Plaintiff to 

undergo an additional surgery. Plaintiff had surgery for a third time in 2010, and now wears a 

back brace. Plaintiff walks with a cane, and uses medication to treat the pain, which makes her 

drowsy. She sleeps in a recliner because she cannot lie down. (Id., 2-3) 

Plaintiff’s application for benefits was denied initially, and upon reconsideration. On 

February 2, 2011, the administrative law judge (“ALJ”) held a hearing, at which Plaintiff, as well 

as a vocational expert and a medical advisor, testified. The ALJ found that Plaintiff had last met 

the requirements for benefits on September 30, 2006, and that, from November 5, 2005, to 

September 30, 2006, Plaintiff suffered from lower back pain and DDD, and did not engage in 

substantial gainful activity. The ALJ concluded, however, that during this period the Plaintiff 

had the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform “a full range of medium work,” as 

defined in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(c), and was capable of performing past relevant work (e.g. as a 

nursery worker); accordingly, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was not under a disability during this 

time. (Doc. 12, at 9). Plaintiff disputes this determination. 

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW 

If a party objects within the allotted time to a report and recommendation, the Court 

“shall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed 

findings or recommendations to which objection is made.” 28 U.S.C. § 636(b) (1); see also Fed. 

R. Civ. P. 72(b). Upon review, the Court “may accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the 

findings or recommendations made by the magistrate judge.” 28 U.S.C. § 636(b) (1). 

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The Court's review “is limited to determining whether the Commissioner's decision ‘is 

supported by substantial evidence and was made pursuant to proper legal standards.’” Ealy v. 

Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 594 F.3d 504, 512 (6th Cir. 2010) (quoting Rogers v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 

486 F.3d 234, 241 (6th Cir. 2007)); see also 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) (“The findings of the 

Commissioner of Social Security as to any fact, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be 

conclusive.”). “Substantial evidence exists when a reasonable mind might accept the evidence as 

adequate to support a conclusion [and] . . . presupposes that there is a zone of choice within 

which the decision-makers can go either way, without inference by the courts.” Blakley v. 

Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 581 F.3d 399, 406 (6th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation omitted). Even if 

supported by substantial evidence, however, “‘a decision of the Commissioner will not be upheld 

where the [Commissioner] fails to follow its own regulations and where that error prejudices a 

claimant on the merits or deprives the claimant of a substantial right.’” Rubbers v. Comm'r of 

Soc. Sec., 582 F.3d 647, 651 (6th Cir. 2009) (quoting Bowen v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 478 F.3d 

742, 746 (6th Cir. 2007)). 

III. ANALYSIS 

Defendant challenges the recommendation by the Magistrate Judge that the ALJ failed to 

obtain evidence to support his conclusion that Plaintiff could perform “medium work.” The 

Report and Recommendation concluded that the ALJ “did not ask the medical expert his opinion 

as to Plaintiff’s [RFC],” nor consider any RFC assessments completed by State agency 

physicians; instead, the ALJ merely “assumed” that Plaintiff could continue to perform past 

relevant work, without any evidentiary basis. (Doc. 12, at 21-22). The Magistrate Judge 

therefore recommended that the case be remanded for the ALJ to “use a medical expert to assist 

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him in considering the evidence relevant to determining Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity 

prior to her date last insured.” (Id., at 22). 

Defendant argues that such additional evidence is unnecessary. Rather, the ALJ’s 

conclusion is supported by “substantial evidence, including Plaintiff’s medical history, treating 

notes from her treating physicians, and reports from state agency doctors.” (Doc. 15, at 1). The 

ALJ was not required to supplement with additional testimony from a medical expert because 

there was sufficient evidence already available to the ALJ on which he could base his 

conclusion. (Id., at 1-2). Because an expert medical statement is only “one of several factors” 

that an ALJ considers in determining an individual’s RFC, and ALJ’s decision “can still be 

supported by substantial evidence even if there is no medical source opinion that directly 

supports the ALJ’s RFC finding.” (Id., at 2-3). 

Defendant misconstrues the ALJ’s obligation. The ALJ here did not do enough to 

establish “substantial evidence” to support his RFC determination. 

The ALJ has responsibility to develop the administrative record, see 20 C.F.R. §§ 

416.945(a)(3), 416.912(d), (e), even if Plaintiff bears the ultimate burden of proof as to the 

existence and severity of the limitations caused by her impairments, Cruse v. Comm'r of Soc. 

Sec., 502 F.3d 532, 545 (6th Cir. 2007). Although the ALJ has discretion whether to order a 

consultative examination, or call a medical expert at the hearing, the ALJ’s RFC finding must 

have the support of “substantial evidence” in the administrative record. Smith v. Comm'r of Soc. 

Sec., 482 F.3d 873, 877 (6th Cir. 2007). 

Citing Deskin v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 605 F. Supp. 2d 908, 912 (N.D. Ohio 2008), 

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in not taking medical expert testimony as to Plaintiff’s RFC. 

The RFC determination is an administrative finding of fact reserved to the Commissioner. 20 

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C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d)(2), (3); Edwards v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 97 F. App'x 567, 569 (6th Cir. 

2004). In assessing a claimant's RFC, an ALJ must consider all relevant record evidence, 

including medical source opinions on the severity of a claimant's impairments. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 

404.1527(d), 404.1545(a). On this basis, the court in Deskin held that “[a]s a general rule,” 

where the transcript contains only diagnostic evidence and no 

opinion from a medical source about functional limitations (or only 

an outdated nonexamining agency opinion), to fulfill the 

responsibility to develop a complete record, the ALJ must 

recontact the treating source, order a consultative examination, or 

have a medical expert testify at the hearing. This responsibility can 

be satisfied without such opinion only in a limited number of cases 

where the medical evidence shows “relatively little physical 

impairment” and an ALJ can render a commonsense judgment 

about functional capacity. 

Deskin v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 605 F. Supp. 2d 908, 912 (N.D. Ohio 2008) (internal quotation 

omitted). 

However, as Magistrate Judge Baughman, the author of Deskin, acknowledged in a later 

opinion, “[p]roperly understood, Deskin sets out a narrow rule . . . It potentially applies only 

when an ALJ makes a finding of work-related limitations based on no medical source opinion or 

an outdated source opinion that does not include consideration of a critical body of objective 

medical evidence.” Kizys v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 3:10-CV-25, 2011 WL 5024866, at *2 (N.D. 

Ohio Oct. 21, 2011) (emphasis supplied); cf. Henderson v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 1:08-CV2080, 2010 WL 750222, at *2 (N.D.Ohio Mar. 1, 2010) (Deskin “is not representative of the law 

established by the legislature, and interpreted by the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals.”). 

Even under the limited scope of Deskin, the ALJ in this case did not do enough. The 

“key inquiry” is whether the ALJ “fully and fairly developed the record through a conscientious 

probing of all relevant facts.” Williams v. Astrue, 1:11-CV-2569, 2012 WL 3586962 (N.D. Ohio 

Aug. 20, 2012). While the ALJ reviewed Plaintiff’s medical history from 2005 and 2006 (R. at 

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204, 316-17, 535-36), as well as notes from her treating physicians in September 2006 (R. at 

305) and October 2006 (R. at 303-04), the ALJ did not have “any opinions from treating or 

examining physicians” to aid him in assessing Plaintiff’s RFC. (See R. at 70). 

In the years since Deskin, district courts have continued to insist that an ALJ not 

“interpret raw medical data.” Willaman v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 5:12-CV-180, 2013 WL 

877126, at *6 (N.D. Ohio Mar. 7, 2013). Rather, an ALJ has sufficiently developed the record, 

and may avoid a Deskin remand, when the ALJ acts based on some medical expert opinion 

evidence. See, e.g., id. (unlike Deskin, the ALJ “did not interpret raw medical data. Instead, the 

ALJ's decision was based on his review of all the medical opinion evidence, particularly the 

opinions of the two state agency physicians who reviewed Willaman's records and opined 

regarding his functional limitations”); Styen v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 4:12-CV-455, 2013 WL 

441068, at *17 (N.D. Ohio Jan. 14, 2013), report and recommendation adopted, 4:12-CV-455, 

2013 WL 441071 (N.D. Ohio Feb. 4, 2013) (ALJ “did not simply interpret raw medical data”; 

rather, he “looked at the objective medical evidence, as well as the opinion of Dr. Albert, before 

rendering his decision.”); Raber v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 4:12-CV-97, 2013 WL 1284312, at *17 

(N.D. Ohio Mar. 27, 2013) (Even though medical opinion assessing Plaintiff’s RFC pre-dated 

certain additional medical records, the new records did not change the evidence enough as to 

render the opinion outdated); cf. Steadman v. Astrue, 1:10-CV-801, 2011 WL 6415508, at *8 

(S.D. Ohio Dec. 21, 2011) (Despite no medical source opinion, ALJ acted properly when he 

“gave Plaintiff the benefit of the doubt in finding” a severe impairment, and, given the “lack of 

evidence supporting a claim of disabling back pain,” the ALJ “arguably would have been 

justified in concluding that Plaintiff has no external limitations” whatsoever). 

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Where, as here, an ALJ determines a plaintiff’s RFC based on no medical opinion 

evidence, and instead interprets, on his own, “raw medical data,” the Court cannot find that there 

exists substantial evidence to support the ALJ’s determination. Accordingly, the case must be 

REMANDED. 

IV. CONCLUSION 

For the reasons stated above, Defendant’s Objections are hereby OVERRULED. The 

Court ADOPTS the Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation. The action is hereby 

REMANDED to the administrative law judge. 

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

 s/ Algenon L. Marbley 

 ALGENON L. MARBLEY 

 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 

 

DATED: September 30, 2013

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