MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

Distillates (Lignocellulosic), Hydrotreated, C8‐C26‐Branched, Cyclic, and Linear

For Research and Development Purposes Only

Section 1:  Chemical Product and Company Identification

Chemical Name: Distillates (Lignocellulosic), Hydrotreated, C8‐C26‐Branched, Cyclic and

Linear

Synonyms:    Hydrotreated distillate

Formula:    Complex Mixture

Manufacturer: KiOR, Inc.

    13001 Bay Park Road

    Pasadena, TX 77507

    (281) 694‐8700

Emergency:    (281) 694‐8700

    (281) 217‐3866

Section 2:  Composition/Information on Ingredients

Component Chemical Name     CAS Number     ̃ConcentraƟon (Wt%)

Hydrotreated distillate     1267611‐11‐9     100%

Nonane, all isomers   Mixture               1 ‐ 10

Trimethylbenzenes, all isomers   25551‐13‐7                0 ‐ 2

Naphthalene   91‐20‐3                0 ‐ 2

Cumene   98‐82‐8                0 ‐ 1

Ethylbenzene   100‐41‐4                0 ‐ 1

This material is a mixture of hydrocarbons (branched, cyclic and linear in the C8‐C26 range).

Section 3:  Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects: Vapor or liquid contact with the eyes or skin may produce

a mild, transient irritation.  High acute exposures may also

result in upper respiratory irritation and central nervous
system (CNS) effects.  Ingestion may result in

gastrointestinal disturbances.  Aspiration into the lungs

can results in pneumonitis.

Potential Chronic Health Effects: Continuous exposure to the skin can de‐oil the skin and

result in dermatitis.  Prolonged exposure to the skin may

also result in absorption.  This may result in degenerative

changes in the liver and kidneys.  Animal studies with

similar material have resulted in skin cancer production

and systemic toxicity.     

Section 4:  First Aid Measures

Eye Contact:   Should eye contact occur, immediately flush eyes with large amounts of water

(preferably in an eye wash facility).  Flush eyes for at least 15 minutes.  A

medical evaluation should be obtained as soon as possible.

Skin Contact: Should skin contact occur, flush the skin with large amounts of water

(preferably in a safety shower facility) for at least 15 minutes.  Any

contaminated clothing should be removed.  A local evaluation of the exposed

individual should be made by a trained person.  If deemed necessary, medical

attention should be obtained.

Inhalation: If inhalation of the vapors of this material occurs, the exposed individual must

be removed from the area of the exposure.  Normally, this action is sufficient.   

However, if the victim is not breathing, give artificial respiration.  If breathing

is difficult, give oxygen.  If the victim is having difficulty breathing, get the

victim to medical attention immediately.

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting!  Get medical attention immediately!

Section 5:  Fire Fighting Measures

Flammability: Combustible.  The fire hazard increases as the material is

heated.  Keep away from heat and other ignition sources.   

If the user activity generates increased vapors, it is

important to realize that these vapors may be travel some

distance from the user activity.  Ignition and flash back is

possible at any point along the vapor trail.   

Flash Point:       144° F (estimated)

Auto‐ignition Temperature:     Not Determined

Flammable Limits in Air:    Not available
Suitable Extinguishing Media: For small fires, a Class B extinguishing media (such as dry

chemical, CO2, or AFFF/ATC foam) or water spray may be

used.  For larger fires, water spray, water fog, foam

(AFFF/ATC) or a combination of these should be used.  

Personnel engaged in fire fighting should be properly

trained and equipped with proper PPE.

NFPA Rating: Health = 1

Flammability = 2

Reactivity = 0             

    

Section 6:  Accidental Release Measures

Protective Measures: If the spill is large, consider evacuating personnel in the area.  

Eliminate all ignition sources in the vicinity of the spill.  To

minimize the area of the spill, plug all drains in the area of the

spill.  Stop the source of the release if possible without risks to the

responders.  Contain the release to prevent further contamination

of soil, surface water and ground water.  Wear the proper

personal protective equipment while engaged in the spill

response.  Cover the contaminated area with an inert absorbing

material such as vermiculite or another commercially available

absorbing material.  Place the used absorbing material in a

suitable container for disposal in a manner consistent with

applicable regulations.

Section 7:  Handling and Storage

Handling Combustible Liquid!

A static electrical charge can accumulate when this material is flowing

through pipes, nozzles or filters and when it is agitated. A static spark

discharge can ignite accumulated vapors particularly during dry weather

conditions. Always bond receiving containers to the fill pipe before and

during loading. Always keep nozzle in contact with the container

throughout the loading process. Do not fill any portable container in or on

a vehicle. Special precautions, such as reduced loading rates and

increased monitoring, must be observed during "switch loading"

operations (i.e., loading this material in tanks or shipping compartments

that previously containing gasoline or similar low flash point products).  

Fire hazard increases as product temperature approaches its flash point.

Keep container closed and drum bungs in place. Remove spillage
immediately from walking areas. Do not handle or store near heat, sparks

or other potential ignition sources. Do not handle or store with oxidizing

agents. Avoid breathing mist or vapor. Never siphon by mouth. Do not

taste or swallow. Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Use gloves

constructed of impervious materials and protective clothing if direct

contact is anticipated. Provide ventilation to maintain exposure potential

below applicable exposure levels. Avoid water contamination. Wash

thoroughly after handling. Prevent contact with food or tobacco products.

When performing repairs and maintenance on contaminated

equipment, keep unnecessary persons from hazard area. Eliminate heat,

flame and other potential ignition sources. Drain and purge equipment,

as necessary, to remove material residues. Remove contaminated

clothing. Wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water after

handling.  

Do not use this material as fuel for equipment, such as portable

heaters, in enclosed areas. Hazardous combustion products can cause

death.  

Protect the environment from releases of this material. Prevent

discharges to surface waters and groundwater. Maintain handling,

transfer and storage equipment in proper working order.  

Misuse of empty containers can be dangerous. Empty containers may

contain material residues which can ignite with explosive force. Cutting

or welding of empty containers can cause fire, explosion, or release of

toxic fumes from residues. Do not pressurize or expose empty

containers to open flame, sparks, or heat. Keep container closed and

drum bungs in place. All label warnings and precautions must be

observed. Return empty drums to a qualified reconditioner. Consult

appropriate federal, state and local authorities before reusing,

reconditioning, reclaiming, recycling, or disposing of empty containers

and/or waste residues of this material.

Storage Store in a cool, dry, well‐ventilated place. Keep containers tightly closed.

Do not store this product near heat, flame or other potential ignition

sources. Do not store with oxidizers. Do not store this product in

unlabeled containers. Do not puncture or incinerate containers. Ground

all equipment containing this material. All electrical equipment in areas

where this material is stored or handled must meet all applicable

requirements of the NFPA's National Electrical Code (NEC). Store and

transport in accordance with all applicable laws.

Section 8:  Exposure Control/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation or other

engineering controls to keep airborne contamination levels to a

safe level.  If user operations generate vapors, use ventilation to

keep exposures at a level to where they are not a health hazard

and where a flammable atmosphere will not exist.  In operations

such as these, the use of hazardous classified equipment should

be considered.

Respiratory Protection:    Where vapors are present and engineering controls have been

unsuccessful or not available, use NIOSH approved respiratory

protection to mitigate potential respiratory exposures.  In cases

where the concentration is unknown, use a supplied air respirator

or self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).  Respirators should

be used in accordance with OSHA requirements (29 CFR

1910.134).

Eye Protection:   For general work, use a minimum of safety glasses with side

shields.  Where a spray, mist or heavy vapor may exist, use

chemical safety goggles or a full‐face respirator.  Although face

shields can be used to supplement the level of protection, they

should never be used instead of primary eye protection.

Skin Protection: Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves

apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact.

Exposure Limits:   

Occupational Exposure Guidelines

Substance Applicable Workplace Exposure Levels  

Nonane, all isomers   ACGIH (United States).

TWA: 200 ppm 8 hour(s).  

Ethylmethylbenzene, all isomers   Not available.  

Trimethylbenzenes, all isomers   ACGIH (United States).

TWA: 25 ppm 8 hour(s).  

Naphthalene   ACGIH (United States). Skin  

TWA: 10 ppm 8 hour(s).  

STEL: 15 ppm 15 minute(s).  

OSHA (United States).

TWA: 10 ppm 8 hour(s).  

   
Cumene   ACGIH (United States).

TWA: 50 ppm 8 hour(s).  

OSHA (United States). Skin

TWA: 50 ppm 8 hour(s).

n‐Propylbenzene   Not available.  

1, 2, 4 Trimethylbenzene   Not available.  

Ethylbenzene   ACGIH (United States).

TWA: 100 ppm 8 hour(s).  

STEL: 125 ppm 15 minute(s).  

OSHA (United States).

TWA: 100 ppm 8 hour(s).  

Xylene, all isomers   ACGIH (United States).

TWA: 100 ppm 8 hour(s).  

STEL: 150 ppm 15 minute(s).  

OSHA (United States).

TWA: 100 ppm 8 hour(s).

Diesel exhaust particulate Not available.

Benzene   ACGIH (United States). Skin  

TWA: 0.5 ppm 8 hour(s).  

STEL: 2.5 ppm 15 minute(s).  

OSHA (United States). Skin Notes: See Table Z‐2 for

exclusions in 20 CFR 1910.1028 to the PEL.

TWA: 1 ppm 8 hour(s).  

STEL: 5 ppm 15 minute(s).  

Toluene   ACGIH (United States). Skin  

TWA: 20ppm 8 hour(s).

OSHA (United States).

TWA: 200 ppm 8 hour(s).

CEIL: 300 ppm PEAK: 500 ppm  

Middle distillates, petroleum   Not available.  

Straight‐run middle distillate

(petroleum)  

ACGIH (United States, 1998). Skin

TWA: 100 mg/m

3

Distillates, petroleum, light

catalytic cracked  

Not available.  

Kerosene   NIOSH REL (United States).

TWA: 100 mg/m

3

8 hour(s).

Diesel Fuel No. 2   ACGIH TLV (United States). Skin

TWA: 100 mg/m

3

8 hour(s).
Section 9:  Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Clear  

Substance Type: Complex petroleum like mixture

Odor: Petroleum odor

Molecular Weight: Not determined

pH: Near neutral

Vapor Pressure: Not determined

Flash Point: 144°F Estimated

Density: 0.917 g/ml  

API Gr.: 22.8    

Viscocity:     2 cst at 104°F

Section 10:  Stability and Reactivity

Stability: This material is stable under normal conditions.

Hazardous

Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization will not occur.

Decomposition

Products: Incomplete combustion products are carbon monoxide, carbon

dioxide and non‐combustible hydrocarbons (smoke).

Materials to Avoid: Strong oxidizers.

Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, open flames and other sources of ignition.

Section 11:  Toxicity Information

Toxicity Data Diesel Fuel, No. 2

ORAL LD50, Acute: 12,000 to 17,500 mg/kg or 9.0 ml/kg [Rat] DERMAL

LD50, Acute: >5.0 ml/kg [Rabbit screen level]. DRAIZE EYE, Acute: Mild

irritant [Rabbit] DRAIZE DERMAL, Acute: Severe skin irritant [Rabbit].

BUEHLER DERMAL, Acute: Non‐sensitizing [Guinea Pig] 14‐Day DERMAL,

Sub‐chronic: 0% and 67% mortality at 4.0 and 8.0 ml/kg [Rabbit] 62‐Week
DERMAL, Chronic: 0.05 ml/kg 3x/week [Mouse] ‐ Extreme skin irritation.

97‐Week DERMAL, Chronic: 243 g/kg applied 3x/week [Mouse] ‐ Extreme

skin irritation. Moderate increase in contact‐point skin tumors.

MUTAGENICITY: Modified Ames Assay: Negative. [Salmonella

typhimurium] In‐vitro SCE Ovary Assay: Negative. [Chinese Hamster] In‐

vitro Lymphoma Assay: Negative. [Mouse] In‐vivo Dominant Lethal Assay:

Negative. [Mouse] In‐vivo Bone Marrow Assay: Clastogenic at 2.0 ml/kg

and 6.0 ml/kg [Rat]  

Diesel exhaust particulate: Lung tumor and lymphomas were identified

in rats and mice exposed to unflitered diesel fuel exhaust in chronic

inhalation studies. Further, epidemiological studies have identified

increase incidences of lung cancer in US railroad workers and bladder

cancer in bus and truck drivers possibly associated with exposure to

diesel engine exhaust. NTP has determined that exposure to diesel

exhaust particulates, a complex mixture of combustion products of diesel

fuel, is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. In addition,

NIOSH has identified complete diesel exhaust as a potential carcinogen.  

Trimethylbenzenes, all isomers: Studies of Workers: Levels of total

hydrocarbon vapors present in the breathing atmosphere of these

workers ranged from 10 to 60 ppm. The TCLo for humans is 10 ppm, with

somnolence and respiratory tract irritation noted.  

Studies in Laboratory Animals: In inhalation studies with rats, four of ten

animals died after exposures of 2400 ppm for 24 hours. An oral dose of 5

mL/kg resulted in death in one of ten rats. Minimum lethal

intraperitoneal doses were 1.5 to 2.0 mL/kg in rats and 1.13 to 12 mL/kg

in guinea pigs. Mesitylene (1, 3, 5 Trimethylbenzene) inhalation at

concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/L for six hours was associated with

dose‐related changes in white blood cell counts in rats. No significant

effects on the complete blood count were noted with six hours per day

exposure for five weeks, but elevations of alkaline phosphatase and

SGOT were observed. Central nervous system depression and ataxia were

noted in rats exposed to 5,100 to 9,180 ppm for two hours.  

Naphthalene: Studies in Humans Overexposed to Naphthalene: Severe

jaundice, neurotoxicity (kernicterus) and fatalities have been reported in

young children and infants as a result of hemolytic anemia from over‐

exposure to naphthalene. Persons with Glucose 6‐phosphate

dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are more prone to the hemolytic

effects of naphthalene. Adverse effects on the kidney have also been

reported from over‐exposure to naphthalene but these effects are

believed to be a consequence of hemolytic anemia, and not a direct

effect.  

Studies in Laboratory Animals: Hemolytic anemia has been observed in

laboratory animals exposed to naphthalene. Laboratory rodents exposed
to naphthalene vapor for 2 years (lifetime studies) developed non‐

neoplastic and neoplastic tumors and inflammatory lesions of the nasal

and respiratory tract. Cataracts and other adverse effects on the eye

have been observed in laboratory animals exposed to high levels of

naphthalene. Findings from a large number of bacterial and mammalian

cell mutation assays have been negative. A few studies have shown

chromosomal effects (elevated levels of Sister Chromatid Exchange or

chromosomal aberrations) in vitro.

Ethylbenzene: Effects from Acute Exposure: ORAL (LD50), Acute: 3,500

mg/kg [Rat]. DERMAL (LD50), Acute: 17,800 uL/kg [Rabbit].

INTRAPERITONEAL (LD50), Acute: 2,624 mg/kg [Rat].  

Effects from Prolonged or Repeated Exposure: Findings from a 2‐year

inhalation study in rodents conducted by NTP were as follows: Effects

were observed only at the highest exposure level (750 ppm). At this level

the incidence of renal tumors was elevated in male rats (tubular

carcinomas) and female rats (tubular adenomas). Also, the incidence of

tumors was elevated in male mice (alveolar and bronchiolar carcinomas)

and female mice (hepatocellular carcinomas). IARC has classified ethyl

benzene as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B). Studies in

laboratory animals indicate some evidence of post‐implantation deaths

following high levels of maternal exposure. The relevance of these

findings to humans is not clear at this time. Studies in laboratory animals

indicate limited evidence of renal malformations, resorptions, and

developmental delays following high levels of maternal exposure. The

relevance of these findings to humans is not clear at this time. Studies in

laboratory animals indicate some evidence of adverse effects on the

liver, kidney, thyroid, and pituitary gland.  

Middle distillates, petroleum: Long‐term repeated (lifetime) skin

exposure to similar materials has been reported to result in an increase

in skin tumors in laboratory rodents. The relevance of these findings to

humans is not clear at this time.  

Section 12:  Ecological Considerations

Ecotoxicity Freshwater Toxicity:

Concentration: 2400 ppm Exposure: 48 hrs. Species: Juven. Am. Shad (

Squalius cephalus) Assay: TLM Concentration: >127 ppm Exposure: 96

hrs. Species: Bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus) Assay: LC50  

Saltwater Toxicity

Concentration: 10 ppm Exposure: 96 hrs. Species: Menhaden ( Brevoortia

patronus) Assay: LC50 Concentration: 10 ppm Exposure: 96 hrs. Species:
Grass Shrimp Assay: LC50  

Environmental Fate If spilled, this material will normally evaporate. Hydrocarbon components

may contribute to atmospheric smog. If released to the subsoils,

petroleum middle distillate fuels will strongly adsorb to soils.

Groundwater should be considered as an exposure pathway. Liquid and

vapor can migrate through the subsurface and preferential pathways

(such as utility line backfill) to downgradient receptors.  

Middle distillates are potentially toxic to freshwater and saltwater

ecosystems. Distillate fuels will normally float on water. In stagnant or

slow‐flowing waterways, a hydrocarbon layer can cover a large surface

area. As a result, this oil layer can limit or eliminate natural atmospheric

oxygen transport into the water. With time, if not removed, oxygen

depletion in the waterway can cause a fish kill or create an anaerobic

environment. Also, this coating action can also kill plankton, algae, and

water birds.

Section 13:  Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal: Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and

local environmental control regulations.

Section 14:  Transportation Information

Dot Proper Shipping Name: Diesel Fuel

Identification Class: Combustible Liquid

Packing Group: PGIII

UN Number: UN1993

Section 15:  Other Regulatory Information

TSCA Inventory   This product and/or its components are listed on the Toxic Substances

Control Act (TSCA) inventory.  

SARA 302/304

Emergency

Planning and

Notification  

The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) Title

III requires facilities subject to Subparts 302 and 304 to submit

emergency planning and notification information based on Threshold

Planning Quantities (TPQs) and Reportable Quantities (RQs) for

"Extremely Hazardous Substances" listed in 40 CFR 302.4 and 40 CFR 355.
No components were identified.  

SARA 311/312

Hazard

Identification

The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) Title

III requires facilities subject to this subpart to submit aggregate

information on chemicals by "Hazard Category" as defined in 40 CFR

370.2. This material would be classified under the following hazard

categories: fire, Acute (Immediate) Health Hazard, Chronic (Delayed)

Health Hazard

SARA 313 Toxic

Chemical

Notification and

Release Reporting

This product contains the following components in concentrations above

de minimis levels that are listed as toxic chemicals in 40 CFR Part 372

pursuant to the requirements of Section 313 of SARA:  

Naphthalene [CAS No.: 91‐20‐3] Concentration: 2%  

Ethylbenzene [CAS No.: 100‐41‐4] Concentration: 0.9%

CERCLA The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and

Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) requires notification of the National

Response Center concerning release of quantities of "hazardous

substances" equal to or greater than the reportable quantities (RQ's)

listed in 40 CFR 302.4. As defined by CERCLA, the term "hazardous

substance" does not include petroleum, including crude oil or any

fraction thereof which is not otherwise specifically designated in 40 CFR

302.4. Chemical substances present in this product or refinery stream

that may be subject to this statute are: Naphthalene [CAS No.: 91‐20‐3]

RQ = 100 lbs. (45.36 kg) Concentration: 2% Cumene [CAS No.: 98‐82‐8]

RQ = 5000 lbs. (2268 kg) Concentration: 0.9% Ethylbenzene [CAS No.:

100‐41‐4] RQ = 1000 lbs. (453.6 kg) Concentration: 0.9% Xylene, all

isomers [CAS No.: 1330‐20‐7] RQ = 100 lbs. (45.36 kg) Concentration:

0.9% Benzene [CAS No.: 71‐43‐2] RQ = 10 lbs. (4.536 kg) Concentration:

0.045%  

Clean Water

Act(CWA)

This material is classified as an oil under Section 311 of the Clean

Water Act (CWA) and the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA). Discharges or

spills which produce a visible sheen on waters of the United States, their

adjoining shorelines, or into conduits leading to surface waters must be

reported to the EPA's National Response Center at (800) 424‐8802.  

California

Proposition 65

This material may contain the following components which are

known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other

reproductive harm, and may be subject to the requirements of California

Proposition 65 (CA Health & Safety Code Section 25249.5):  

Diesel exhaust particulate  

Naphthalene: <2%  

Ethylbenzene: <1%  

Toluene: <0.1%  
Benzene: <0.1%  

New Jersey Right‐

to‐Know Label

Diesel Fuel  

   
Section 16:  Other Information

Date Created: 05 April 2011

Revision Date: N/A

The above information is believed to be correct, but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be

used  only as a guide.  The information in this document is based on the present state of our

knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions.  It does

not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product.  KiOR, Inc.  shall not be held liable for

any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product.  See reverse side of

invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale.