III 

109TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 631 

Urging the Government of Sudan and the international community to implement the agreement for a peacekeeping force under the command and 

control of the United Nations in Darfur. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

DECEMBER 9 (legislative day, DECEMBER 8), 2006 

Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. BROWNBACK, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. 

REID, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mr. FRIST, Mrs. DOLE, Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. 

SMITH, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. HAGEL, Mr. 

MARTINEZ, Mrs. CLINTON, and Ms. SNOWE) submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to 

RESOLUTION 

Urging the Government of Sudan and the international community to implement the agreement for a peacekeeping 

force under the command and control of the United 

Nations in Darfur. 

Whereas Congress declared on July 22, 2004 that the atrocities in Darfur were genocide; 

Whereas, on September 9, 2004, Secretary of State Colin 

Powell testified that ‘‘genocide has been committed in 

Darfur’’; 

Whereas, on June 30, 2005, President Bush confirmed that 

‘‘the violence in Darfur region is clearly genocide [and 

t]he human cost is beyond calculation’’; 


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•SRES 631 ATS 

Whereas, on May 8, 2006, President Bush stated, ‘‘We will 

call genocide by its rightful name, and we will stand up 

for the innocent until the peace of Darfur is secured.’’; 

Whereas hundreds of thousands of people have died and over 

2,500,000 have been displaced in Darfur since 2003; 

Whereas the Government of Sudan has failed in its responsibility to protect the many peoples of Darfur; 

Whereas the international community has failed to hold persons responsible for crimes against humanity in Darfur 

accountable; 

Whereas, on May 5, 2006, the Government of Sudan and the 

largest rebel faction in Darfur, the Sudan Liberation 

Movement, led by Minni Minnawi, signed the Darfur 

Peace Agreement (DPA); 

Whereas the Government of Sudan has not disarmed and demobilized the Janjaweed despite repeated pledges to do 

so, including in the DPA; 

Whereas violence in Darfur escalated in the months following 

the signing of the DPA, with increased attacks against 

civilians and humanitarian workers; 

Whereas violence has spread to the neighboring states of 

Chad and the Central African Republic, threatening regional peace and security; 

Whereas, in July 2006, more humanitarian aid workers were 

killed than in the previous 3 years combined; 

Whereas increased violence has forced some humanitarian organizations to suspend operations, leaving 40 percent of 

the population of Darfur inaccessible to aid workers; 

Whereas, on August 30, 2006, the United Nations Security 

Council passed Security Council Resolution 1706 (2006), 


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asserting that the existing United Nations Mission in 

Sudan (UNMIS) ‘‘shall take over from [African Mission 

in Sudan] AMIS responsibility for supporting the implementation of the Darfur Peace Agreement upon the expiration of AMIS’ mandate but in any event no later than 

31 December 2006’’, and that UNMIS ‘‘shall be 

strengthened by up to 17,300 military personnel . . . up 

to 3,300 civilian police personnel and up to 16 Formed 

Police Units’’, which ‘‘shall begin to be deployed [to 

Darfur] no later than 1 October 2006’’; 

Whereas, on September 19, 2006, President Bush announced 

the appointment of Andrew Natsios as Presidential Special Envoy to Sudan to lead United States efforts to 

bring peace to the Darfur region in Sudan; 

Whereas, on November 16, 2006, high-level consultations led 

by Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the United Nations, 

and Alpha Oumar Konare, Chairperson of the African 

Union Commission, and including representatives of the 

Arab League, the European Union, the Government of 

Sudan, and other national governments, produced the 

‘‘Addis Ababa Agreement’’; 

Whereas the Agreement stated that the Darfur conflict could 

be resolved only through an all-inclusive political process; 

Whereas the Agreement stated that the DPA must be made 

more inclusive, and ‘‘called upon all parties—Government 

and DPA non-signatories—to immediately commit to a 

cessation of hostilities in Darfur in order to give [the 

peace process] the best chances for success’’; 

Whereas the Agreement included a plan to establish a United 

Nations–African Union peacekeeping operation; 


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Whereas the Agreement stated that the peacekeeping operation would consist of 17,000 military troops and 3,000 

police, and would have a primarily African character; 

Whereas the Agreement stated that the peacekeeping operation must be logistically and financially sustainable, with 

support coming from the United Nations; 

Whereas the Agreement stated that command and control 

structures for the United Nations–African Union force 

would be provided by the United Nations; 

Whereas the Government of Sudan’s Foreign Minister agreed 

to the conclusions of the High Level Consultation on the 

Situation in Darfur, though the Foreign Minister indicated that he would need to consult with his government 

on the size of the peacekeeping mission; 

Whereas, at an international press conference on November 

27, 2006, Sudanese President Omar Hassan Al-Bashir 

rejected the Addis Ababa Agreement and reiterated his 

objections to any substantive United Nations involvement 

in Darfur, saying, ‘‘Troops in Darfur should be part of 

the [African Union] AU and under command of the AU’’; 

Whereas it is imperative that a peacekeeping force in Darfur 

have the sufficient strength and mandate to provide adequate security to the people of Darfur; and 

Whereas Presidential Special Envoy Andrew Natsios set December 31, 2006 as the deadline for the Government of 

Sudan to comply with the demands of the international 

community or face serious consequences: Now, therefore, 

be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 


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1 (1) supports, given the rapidly deteriorating sit2 uation on the ground in Darfur, the principles of the 

3 Addis Ababa Agreement in order to increase security 

4 and stability for the people of Darfur; 

5 (2) declares that the deployment of a United 

6 Nations–African Union peacekeeping force under the 

7 command and control of the United Nations, as laid 

8 out in the Addis Ababa Agreement, is the minimum 

9 acceptable effort on the part of the international 

10 community to protect the people of Darfur; 

11 (3) further supports the strengthening of the 

12 African Union peacekeeping mission in Sudan so 

13 that it may improve its performance with regards to 

14 civilian protection as the African Union peace15 keeping mission begins to transfer responsibility for 

16 protecting the people of Darfur to the United Na17 tions–African Union peacekeeping force under the 

18 command and control of the United Nations, as laid 

19 out in the Addis Ababa Agreement; 

20 (4) calls upon the Government of Sudan to im21 mediately— 

22 (A) allow the implementation of the United 

23 Nations light and heavy support packages as 

24 provided for in the Addis Ababa Agreement; 

25 and 


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1 (B) work with the United Nations and the 

2 international community to deploy United Na3 tions peacekeepers to Darfur in keeping with 

4 United Nations Security Council Resolution 

5 1706 (2006); 

6 (5) calls upon all parties to the conflict to im7 mediately— 

8 (A) adhere to the 2004 N’Djamena 

9 ceasefire; and 

10 (B) respect the impartiality and neutrality 

11 of humanitarian agencies so that relief workers 

12 can have unfettered access to their beneficiary 

13 populations and deliver desperately needed as14 sistance; 

15 (6) urges the President to— 

16 (A) continue to work with other members 

17 of the international community, including the 

18 permanent members of the United Nations Se19 curity Council, the African Union, the Euro20 pean Union, the Arab League, Sudan’s trading 

21 partners, and the Government of Sudan to fa22 cilitate the urgently needed deployment of the 

23 peacekeeping force called for by United Nations 

24 Security Council Resolution 1706; 


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1 (B) ensure the ability of any peacekeeping 

2 force deployed to Darfur to carry out its man3 date by providing adequate funding and work4 ing with our international partners to provide 

5 technical assistance, logistical support, intel6 ligence gathering capabilities, and military as7 sets; 

8 (C) work with members of the United Na9 tions Security Council and the international 

10 community to develop and impose a set of 

11 meaningful economic and diplomatic sanctions 

12 against the Government of Sudan should the 

13 Government of Sudan continue to refuse to co14 operate with the implementation of United Na15 tions Security Council Resolution 1706 and the 

16 principles contained in the Addis Ababa Agree17 ment; and 

18 (D) work with members of the United Na19 tions Security Council and the international 

20 community to address escalating insecurity in 

21 Chad and the Central African Republic; and 

22 (7) strongly supports United Nations Security 

23 Council Resolution 1706 and the principles embed24 ded therein. 

Æ 


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