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contains regulatory documents having general

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Rules and Regulations Federal Register

11319 

Vol. 80, No. 41 

Tuesday, March 3, 2015 

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 

Federal Aviation Administration 

14 CFR Part 25 

[Docket No. FAA–2015–0441; Special 

Conditions No. 25–577–SC] 

Special Conditions: Cessna Aircraft 

Company, Model 650, Citation VII 

Airplane; As Modified by Universal 

Avionics Systems Corporation; 

Installed Rechargeable Lithium 

Batteries and Battery Systems 

AGENCY: Federal Aviation 

Administration (FAA), DOT. 

ACTION: Final special conditions; request 

for comments. 

SUMMARY: These special conditions are 

issued for the Cessna Aircraft Company, 

Model 650, Citation VII Airplane. This 

airplane as modified by Universal 

Avionics Systems Corporation will have 

a novel or unusual design feature when 

compared to the state of technology 

envisioned in the airworthiness 

standards for transport category 

airplanes. This design feature is for the 

installation of Universal Avionics 

InSightTM Electronic Flight Instrument 

System (EFIS), Engine Interface Units 

(EIU), UNS–1Fw Wide Area 

Augmentation System (WAAS) Flight 

Management System (FMS), and Terrain 

Awareness and Warning System 

(TAWS) Class A, which will use 

rechargeable lithium batteries and 

battery systems. The applicable 

airworthiness regulations do not contain 

adequate or appropriate safety standards 

for this design feature. These special 

conditions contain the additional safety 

standards that the Administrator 

considers necessary to establish a level 

of safety equivalent to that established 

by the existing airworthiness standards. 

DATES: This action is effective on Cessna 

Aircraft Company on March 3, 2015. We 

must receive your comments by April 

17, 2015. 

ADDRESSES: Send comments identified 

by docket number FAA–2015–0441 

using any of the following methods: 

• Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to 

http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow 

the online instructions for sending your 

comments electronically. 

• Mail: Send comments to Docket 

Operations, M–30, U.S. Department of 

Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey 

Avenue SE., Room W12–140, West 

Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC 

20590–0001. 

• Hand Delivery or Courier: Take 

comments to Docket Operations in 

Room W12–140 of the West Building 

Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey 

Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 

a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through 

Friday, except Federal holidays. 

• Fax: Fax comments to Docket 

Operations at 202–493–2251. 

Privacy: The FAA will post all 

comments it receives, without change, 

to http://www.regulations.gov/, 

including any personal information the 

commenter provides. Using the search 

function of the docket Web site, anyone 

can find and read the electronic form of 

all comments received into any FAA 

docket, including the name of the 

individual sending the comment (or 

signing the comment for an association, 

business, labor union, etc.). DOT’s 

complete Privacy Act Statement 

can be found in the Federal Register 

published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 

19477–19478), as well as at http://

DocketsInfo.dot.gov/. 

Docket: Background documents or 

comments received may be read at 

http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time. 

Follow the online instructions for 

accessing the docket or go to Docket 

Operations in Room W12–140 of the 

West Building Ground Floor at 1200 

New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, 

DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday 

through Friday, except Federal holidays. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Nazih Khaouly, FAA, Airplane and 

Flightcrew Interface Branch, ANM–111, 

Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft 

Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue 

SW., Renton, Washington 98057–3356; 

telephone 425–227–2432; facsimile 

425–227–1149. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FAA 

has determined that notice of, and 

opportunity for prior public comment 

on, these special conditions is 

impracticable because these procedures 

would significantly delay issuance of 

the design approval and thus delivery of 

the affected aircraft. In addition, the 

substance of these special conditions 

has been subject to the public comment 

process in several prior instances with 

no substantive comments received. The 

FAA therefore finds that good cause 

exists for making these special 

conditions effective upon publication in 

the Federal Register. 

Comments Invited 

We invite interested people to take 

part in this rulemaking by sending 

written comments, data, or views. The 

most helpful comments reference a 

specific portion of the special 

conditions, explain the reason for any 

recommended change, and include 

supporting data. 

We will consider all comments we 

receive by the closing date for 

comments. We may change these special 

conditions based on the comments we 

receive. 

Background 

On January 13, 2014, Universal 

Avionics Systems Corporation applied 

for a supplemental type certificate (STC) 

for the installation of Universal 

Avionics InSightTM EFIS, EIU, UNS– 

1Fw WAAS FMS, and TAWS Class A, 

which will use rechargeable lithium 

batteries and battery systems. The 

Cessna, Model 650, Citation VII is a 

pressurized, two-crew, seven-passenger, 

low wing transport with two aft 

mounted turbo-fan engines. 

Rechargeable lithium batteries are a 

novel or unusual design feature in 

transport category airplanes. This type 

of battery has certain failure, 

operational, and maintenance 

characteristics that differ significantly 

from those of the nickel-cadmium and 

lead-acid rechargeable batteries 

currently approved for installation on 

transport category airplanes. 

Type Certification Basis 

Under the provisions of § 21.101, 

Universal Avionics Systems Corporation 

must show that the Cessna, Model 650, 

Citation VII, as changed, continues to 

meet the applicable provisions of the 

regulations listed in Type Certificate No. 

A9NM or the applicable regulations in 

effect on the date of application for the 

change except for earlier amendments as 


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11320 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 41 / Tuesday, March 3, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

agreed upon by the FAA. The 

regulations listed in the type certificate 

are commonly referred to as the 

‘‘original type-certification basis.’’ 

In addition, if the regulations listed 

do not provide adequate standards 

regarding the change, the applicant 

must comply with certain regulations in 

effect on the date of application for the 

change. 

If the Administrator finds that the 

applicable airworthiness regulations 

(i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain 

adequate or appropriate safety standards 

for the Cessna, Model 650, Citation VII 

airplane because of a novel or unusual 

design feature, special conditions are 

prescribed under the provisions of 

§ 21.16. 

Special conditions are initially 

applicable to the model for which they 

are issued. Should the applicant apply 

for a supplemental type certificate (STC) 

to modify any other model included on 

the same type certificate to incorporate 

the same or similar novel or unusual 

design feature, these special conditions 

would also apply to the other model 

under § 21.101. 

In addition to the applicable 

airworthiness regulations and special 

conditions, the Cessna, Model 650, 

Citation VII must comply with the fuel 

vent and exhaust emission requirements 

of 14 CFR part 34 and the noise 

certification requirements of 14 CFR 

part 36. 

The FAA issues special conditions, as 

defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance 

with § 11.38, and they become part of 

the type-certification basis under 

§ 21.101. 

Novel or Unusual Design Features 

The Cessna, Model 650, Citation VII 

will incorporate the following novel or 

unusual design feature: The installation 

of a Universal Avionics InSightTM EFIS, 

EIU, UNS–1Fw WAAS FMS, and TAWS 

Class A, which will use rechargeable 

lithium batteries and battery systems. 

Discussion 

The current regulations governing 

installation of batteries in large 

transport-category airplanes were 

derived from Civil Air Regulations 

(CAR) part 4b.625(d) as part of the recodification of CAR 4b that established 

14 CFR part 25 in February 1965. The 

new battery requirements, 

§ 25.1353(c)(1) through (c)(4), reworded 

the CAR requirements. 

Increased use of nickel-cadmium 

batteries in small airplanes resulted in 

increased incidents of battery fires and 

failures that led to additional 

rulemaking affecting large transport 

category airplanes as well as small 

airplanes. On September 1, 1977 and 

March 1, 1978, the FAA issued 

§ 25.1353(c)(5) and (c)(6), respectively, 

governing nickel-cadmium battery 

installations on large transport-category 

airplanes. 

The proposed use of rechargeable 

lithium batteries for equipment and 

systems prompted the FAA to review 

the adequacy of these existing 

regulations. Our review indicates that 

the existing regulations do not 

adequately address several failure, 

operational, and maintenance 

characteristics of rechargeable lithium 

batteries that could affect the safety and 

reliability of the Cessna, Model 650, 

Citation VII airplane lithium battery 

installations. 

At present, there is limited experience 

with the use of rechargeable lithium 

batteries and battery systems in 

applications involving commercial 

aviation. However, other users of this 

technology, ranging from wireless 

telephone manufacturers to the electricvehicle industry, have noted safety 

problems with rechargeable lithium 

batteries. These problems include 

overcharging, over-discharging, and 

flammability of cell components. 

1. Overcharging 

In general, lithium batteries are 

significantly more susceptible to 

internal failures that can result in selfsustaining increases in temperature and 

pressure (i.e., thermal runaway) than 

their nickel-cadmium or lead-acid 

counterparts. This condition is 

especially true for overcharging, which 

causes heating and destabilization of the 

components of the cell, leading to the 

formation (by plating) of highly unstable 

metallic lithium. The metallic lithium 

can ignite, resulting in a self-sustaining 

fire or explosion. Finally, the severity of 

thermal runaway, due to overcharging, 

increases with increasing battery 

capacity due to the higher amount of 

electrolyte in large batteries. 

2. Over-Discharging 

Discharge of some types of lithium 

battery cells beyond a certain voltage 

(typically 2.4 volts), can cause corrosion 

of the electrodes of the cell, resulting in 

loss of battery capacity that cannot be 

reversed by recharging. This loss of 

capacity may not be detected by the 

simple voltage measurements 

commonly available to flightcrews as a 

means of checking battery status—a 

problem shared with nickel-cadmium 

batteries. 

3. Flammability of Cell Components 

Unlike nickel-cadmium and lead-acid 

batteries, some types of lithium batteries 

use liquid electrolytes that are 

flammable. The electrolyte can serve as 

a source of fuel for an external fire, if 

there is a breach of the battery 

container. 

These problems experienced by users 

of lithium batteries raise concern about 

the use of these batteries in commercial 

aviation. The intent of the special 

conditions are to establish appropriate 

airworthiness standards for lithium 

battery installations in the Cessna, 

Model 650, Citation VII airplane and to 

ensure, as required by §§ 25.1309 and 

25.601, that these batteries are not 

hazardous or unreliable. 

These special conditions contain the 

additional safety standards that the 

Administrator considers necessary to 

establish a level of safety equivalent to 

that established by the existing 

airworthiness standards. 

Applicability 

As discussed above, these special 

conditions are applicable to the Cessna, 

Model 650, Citation VII airplane. 

Should Universal Avionics Systems 

Corporation apply at a later date for a 

supplemental type certificate to modify 

any other model included on Type 

Certificate No. A9NM to incorporate the 

same or similar novel or unusual design 

feature, these special conditions would 

apply to that model as well. 

Conclusion 

This action affects only a certain 

novel or unusual design feature on one 

airplane model. It is not a rule of general 

applicability and affects only the 

applicant who applied to the FAA for 

approval of this feature on the airplane. 

The substance of these special 

conditions has been subjected to the 

notice and comment period in several 

prior instances and has been derived 

without substantive change from those 

previously issued. It is unlikely that 

prior public comment would result in a 

significant change from the substance 

contained herein. Therefore, because a 

delay would significantly affect the 

certification of the airplane, which is 

imminent, the FAA has determined that 

prior public notice and comment are 

unnecessary and impracticable, and 

good cause exists for adopting these 

special conditions upon publication in 

the Federal Register. The FAA is 

requesting comments to allow interested 

persons to submit views that may not 

have been submitted in response to the 

prior opportunities for comment 

described above. 

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25 

Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting 

and recordkeeping requirements. 


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Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 41 / Tuesday, March 3, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 11321 

The authority citation for these 

special conditions is as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 

44702, 44704. 

The Special Conditions 

Accordingly, pursuant to the 

authority delegated to me by the 

Administrator, the following special 

conditions are issued as part of the type 

certification basis for Cessna, Model 

650, Citation VII airplanes modified by 

Universal Avionics Systems 

Corporation. 

Installed Rechargeable Lithium Batteries 

and Battery Systems. 

These special conditions require that 

(1) all characteristics of the rechargeable 

lithium batteries and battery installation 

that could affect safe operation of the 

Cessna, Model 650, Citation VII 

airplanes are addressed; and (2) 

appropriate instructions for continued 

airworthiness, which include 

maintenance requirements, are 

established to ensure the availability of 

electrical power, when needed, from the 

batteries. 

In lieu of the requirements of Title 14, 

Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 

25.1353(b)(1) through (b)(4) at 

amendment 25–123, all rechargeable 

lithium batteries and battery systems on 

Cessna, Model 650, Citation VII 

airplanes, modified by Universal 

Avionics Systems Corporation, must be 

designed and installed as follows: 

1. Safe cell temperatures and 

pressures must be maintained during 

any foreseeable charging or discharging 

condition and during any failure of the 

charging or battery monitoring system 

not shown to be extremely remote. The 

rechargeable lithium battery installation 

must preclude explosion in the event of 

those failures. 

2. Design of the rechargeable lithium 

batteries must preclude the occurrence 

of self-sustaining, uncontrolled 

increases in temperature or pressure. 

3. No explosive or toxic gases emitted 

by any rechargeable lithium battery in 

normal operation, or as the result of any 

failure of the battery charging system, 

monitoring system, or battery 

installation which is not shown to be 

extremely remote, may accumulate in 

hazardous quantities within the 

airplane. 

4. Installations of rechargeable 

lithium batteries must meet the 

requirements of § 25.863(a) through (d). 

5. No corrosive fluids or gases that 

may escape from any rechargeable 

lithium battery may damage 

surrounding structure or any adjacent 

systems, equipment, or electrical wiring 

of the airplane in such a way as to cause 

a major or more severe failure condition, 

in accordance with § 25.1309(b) and 

applicable regulatory guidance. 

6. Each rechargeable lithium battery 

installation must have provisions to 

prevent any hazardous effect on 

structure or essential systems caused by 

the maximum amount of heat the 

battery can generate during a short 

circuit of the battery or of its individual 

cells. 

7. Rechargeable lithium battery 

installations must have a system to 

control the charging rate of the battery 

automatically, so as to prevent battery 

overheating or overcharging, and: 

a. A battery temperature sensing and 

over-temperature warning system with a 

means for automatically disconnecting 

the battery from its charging source in 

the event of an over-temperature 

condition, or, 

b. A battery failure sensing and 

warning system with a means for 

automatically disconnecting the battery 

from its charging source in the event of 

battery failure. 

8. Any rechargeable lithium battery 

installation, the function of which is 

required for safe operation of the 

airplane, must incorporate a monitoring 

and warning feature that will provide an 

indication to the appropriate flight 

crewmembers whenever the state-ofcharge of the batteries has fallen below 

levels considered acceptable for 

dispatch of the airplane. 

9. The instructions for continued 

airworthiness required by § 25.1529 

must contain maintenance requirements 

to assure that the battery is sufficiently 

charged at appropriate intervals 

specified by the battery manufacturer 

and the equipment manufacturer that 

contain the rechargeable lithium battery 

or rechargeable lithium battery system. 

This is required to ensure that lithium 

rechargeable batteries and lithium 

rechargeable battery systems will not 

degrade below specified ampere-hour 

levels sufficient to power the airplane 

systems for intended applications. The 

instructions for continued airworthiness 

must also contain procedures for the 

maintenance of batteries in spares 

storage to prevent the replacement of 

batteries with batteries that have 

experienced degraded charge retention 

ability or other damage due to 

prolonged storage at a low state of 

charge. Replacement batteries must be 

of the same manufacturer and part 

number as approved by the FAA. 

Precautions should be included in the 

instructions for continued airworthiness 

maintenance instructions to prevent 

mishandling of the rechargeable lithium 

battery and rechargeable lithium battery 

systems, which could result in shortcircuit or other unintentional impact 

damage caused by dropping or other 

destructive means that could result in 

personal injury or property damage. 

Note 1: The term ‘‘sufficiently 

charged’’ means that the battery will 

retain enough of a charge, expressed in 

ampere-hours, to ensure that the battery 

cells will not be damaged. A battery cell 

may be damaged by lowering the charge 

below a point where the battery 

experiences a reduction in the ability to 

charge and retain a full charge. This 

reduction would be greater than the 

reduction that may result from normal 

operational degradation. 

Note 2: These special conditions are 

not intended to replace § 25.1353(b) in 

the certification basis of Cessna, Model 

650, Citation VII airplanes. These 

special conditions apply only to 

rechargeable lithium batteries, lithium 

battery systems, and their installations. 

The requirements of § 25.1353(b) remain 

in effect for batteries and battery 

installations on Cessna, Model 650, 

Citation VII airplanes that do not use 

lithium batteries. 

Issued in Renton, Washington, on February 

23, 2015. 

Michael Kaszycki, 

Acting Manager, Transport Airplane 

Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service. 

[FR Doc. 2015–04366 Filed 3–2–15; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 52 

[EPA–R06–OAR–2014–0871; FRL–9923–80– 

Region 6] 

Approval and Promulgation of 

Implementation Plans: Texas; 

Approval of Substitution for 

Transportation Control Measures 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Final rule; notice of 

administrative change. 

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) is making an 

administrative change to update the 

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) to 

reflect a change made to the Texas State 

Implementation Plan (SIP) on November 

3, 2014, as a result of EPA’s concurrence 

on a substitute transportation control 

measure (TCM) for the Dallas/Ft. Worth 

(DFW) portion of the Texas SIP. On 

November 24, 2014, the State of Texas, 

through the Texas Commission on 

Environmental Quality (TCEQ), 

submitted a revision to the Texas SIP 


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