United States 

Department of 

Agriculture 

Forest Service 

intermountain 

Research Station 

Research Paper 

INT-394 

November 1988 

Selected Yield Tables 

for Plantations and 

Natural Stands in 

Inland Northwest 

Forests 

Albert R. Stage 

David L. Renner 

Roger C. Chapman 

SITE INDEX 

W 

r 

I3 

-J . 0 

> 

B8 

C 

I*O.t""P) 

AGE 
ALBERT R. STAGE is principal mensurationist with the 

Forestry Sciences Laboratorj, lntermountain Research 

Station, Moscow, ID. 

DAVID L. RENNER is a forester with the Forestry Sciences 

Laboratory at Moscow, ID. 

ROGER C. CHAPMAN is an associate professor of forest 

management, Department of Forestry and Range Management, Washington State University, Pullman. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

Tabulation of yields by site index and age was requested 

by members of the lnland Northwest Growth and Yield 

Cooperative, who also specified the species and management regimes to be represented. 

RESEARCH SUMMARY 

Yields arrayed by site index and age have been tabulated 

for plantations of 500 trees per acre, with five thinning 

regimes, for each of three planted species: Douglas-fir, 

grand fir, and western larch. In addition, yields have been 

tabulated for naturally regenerated stands of the grand fircedar-hemlock ecosystem of the lnland Empire. The yields 

were estimated with the Prognosis Model for Stand Development, version 5.2, including the Regmeration Establishment 

Model. Each planted species and the natural regeneration 

were simulated for the full range of site, geographic, and 

ecologic variables represented in a random inventory of the 

National Forests of the lnland Empire. Site index was 

obtained from the simulations by extracting heights of the 20 

tallest trees per acre when they accumulated 50 rings at 

4.5 feet. 

Individual simulations were sorted into 10-foot site index 

classes and average yields were calculated. Weights in the 

averaging were proportional to the relative frequency with 

which the sites occur in the forests of the lnland Empire. 

Simulations showed great variation in yields for stands of 

the same site index. Furthermore, comparisons between 

these yield tables for natural stands and 102 permanent 

sample plots show that these tables give less accurate 

estimates of growth than the Prognosis Model from which 

they were derived. Therefore, these yield tables should be 

used only when use of the Prognosis Model is precluded by 

lack of data on the site, geographic, and ecologic factors. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Introduction ........................................................................ 1 

Applicability ....................................................................... 1 

Met hods ............................................................................. 2 

Definition of Variables ....................................................... 2

Yidd Tables for Natural Regeneration .............................. 2 

Yield Tables for Plantations ............................................... 8 

Douglas-fir ....................................................................... 8 

Grand fir ........................................................................ 25 

Western larch ................................................................ 41 

Comparison to Related Yield Estimates .......................... 55 

References ...................................................................... 56 

Appendix Tables: Inventory Classes Used for Simulation 

Douglas-fir ..................................................................... 57 

Grand fir ........................................................................ 57 

Western larch ................................................................ 58 

Naturally regenerated stands ........................................ 58 

lntermountain Research Station 

324 25th Street 

Ogden, UT 84401 
Selected Yield Tables for 

Plantations and Natural Stands in 

Inland Northwest 

Albert R. Stage 

David L. Renner 

Roger C. Chapman 

INTRODUCTION 

This report contains yield tables arrayed by site index 

and age for average ecological and topographic situations 

in the Inland Empire. Yields were estimated by the Prognosis Model for Stand Development, version 5.2. Estimates are provided for plantations of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western larch (Larix occidentalis), and 

grand fir (Abies grandis) and for natural stands in the 

grand fir-cedar-hemlock ecosystem. Five thinning regimes 

are presented for. the plantations. 

Yield tables that represent estimates of volumes contained in forest stands have traditionally been presented 

with site index and stand age as the table stubs, and various attributes of the expected stand-merchantable volumes, total volumes, basal area, and mean diameter at 

breast height (d.b.h.)-in the body of the table. 

Site index is only one factor influencing future yields. 

However, incorporating other productivity factors into the 

format of conventional yield tables, along with a multiplicity of alternative management regimes, would require 

extremely voluminous sets of tables. The obvious solution 

is to prepare the tables to specifications of the user with 

the Prognosis Model (Wykoff and others 1982). 

Some information needs are not met by such yieldsimulation procedures. In the most serious situation, the 

existing inventory may have been designed to provide only 

the traditional site index and age classification of the forest, precluding the use of the more definitive techniques. 

Another information need-comparing yields between 

forest types or regions-is hampered if the forests being 

compared are not described by the same variables. Although site index and age definitions often vary from region to region and type to type, the problem is even more 

serious when the additional site variables are not used at 

all. 

For these reasons, users or potential users of the Prognosis Model have asked to have yield information implicit 

in the Prognosis Model presented in the traditional format 

of site index and age. The tables in this publication are 

intended to meet that request. 

APPLICABILITY , 

The tables presented here represent the forests of the 

Inland Empire, which includes northern Idaho, northeastern Washington, and western Montana. 

Within the Inland Empire, the tables for natural stands 

represent the following habitat types: 

Forests 

Grand fir/pachistima 

Cedar/pachistima 

HemlocMpachistima 

Subalpine fir/pachistima 

Yield estimates for Douglas-fir plantations represent, in 

addition to those for the naturally established stands, the 

following habitats: 

Douglas-firhinebark 

Douglas-fir/snowberry 

Douglas-fir/pinegrass 

Subalpine fidmenziesia 

Subalpine fir/woodrush 

Subalpine fidtwinflower 

Mountain hemlocWmenziesia 

Yield estimates for western larch plantations represent, 

in addition to those for the naturally established stands, 

the following habitats: 

Douglas-firhinebark 

Spruce/pachis tima 

Grand firheargrass 

Subalpine firldevil's club 

Subalpine firheargrass 

Subalpine fir/twinflower 

Subalpine fir/whortleberry 

Mountain hemlockheargrass 

Mountain hemlocWmenziesia 

Yield estimates for grand fir plantations represent, in 

addition to those for the naturally established stands, the 

following habitats: 

Grand firheargrass 

Subalpine fidmenziesia 

Subalpine firheargrass 

Mountain hemlockheargrass 

Five management regimes are represented for plantations of each of the three species. Planting density and 

initial survival are assumed to provide 500 trees per acre 5 

years after planting. In parentheses after each regime is a 

mnemonic code used to identify the regime on those figures 

that compare several regimes. 

1. No thinning (000). 

2. Precommercial thinning from below at 20 years to 250 

trees per acre (POO). 
3. Same as 2 with commercial thinning at 50 years to 

100 trees per acre, such that the average d.b.h. before 

thinning is the same as after thinning (PC1). 

4. Same as 3 but with commercial thinning from above 

at 50 years to 100 trees per acre (PCA). 

5. Same as 3 but with commercial thinning from below 

at 50 years to 100 trees per acre (PCB). 

Yields for natural stands are based on the clearcutting 

method of regeneration, with site preparation consisting of 

64 percent of area burned and an additional 11 percent 

mechanically disturbed. No thinnings are scheduled. 

METHODS 

Growth and yield projections for 150 years were made 

using version 5.2 of the Stand Prognosis Model. 

Geographic, topographic, and ecologic data to be used in 

the simulations were obtained from inventory plots that 

were a random sample of the forest. These plots represent 

the range and joint occurrence of site variables throughout 

the Inland Empire. The inventory plots were used to define the distribution of five major site variables influencing 

tree growth: geographic location (defined by National Forest), habitat type (Daubenmire and Daubenmire 1968), 

slope percentage, aspect (degrees from north), and 

elevation (hundreds of feet). 

Combinations of these five variables constituted a "cell," 

each cell corresponding to a unique set of model coefEcients in the Prognosis Model. The values used for the 

slope and elevation variables were the mean f 1 standard 

deviation within the geographic and habitat type classes. 

Aspect variation is represented by two classes corresponding to the maximum and minimum of the aspect effect on 

increment for that species. The appendix contains detailed 

information on the combinations of these variables and the 

nominal values used for the three planted species and 

naturally regenerated stands. 

Initial stand conditions were defined by the Regeneration Establishment Model ((Ferguson and others 1986) 

component of the Prognosis Model. 

Site index was calculated for each projection by monitoring the simulated height growth for each tree record. 

Height at 50 years (rings at 4.5 feet) was calculated for 

each tree, then site index calculated as the average of the 

20 trees per acre having the greater 50-year heights. 

However, to prevent management treatment from influencing site calculations, each cell was assigned the site 

index value derived for the planting-no thinning management regime for that species. 

Yields from the simulation were then sorted by 10-foot 

site index classes and management treatment and a 

weighted average yield value was calculated. Weights for 

each cell were proportional to the frequency with which 

inventory locations fell within the cell. 

Although the site variables define a wide range of site 

productivity, there is still substantial variability within a 

cell. To represent this variability, multipliers of basal area 

increment for trees larger than 3 inches d.b.h., and height 

increment for smaller trees (c3 inches d.b.h.), were assigned to each cell. The multipliers were entered with the 

BAIMULT and REGHMULT keywords (Wykoff and others 

1982). Logarithm of BAIMULT was selected randomly 

from a normal distribution having a mean of zero and 

standard deviation of 0.3. The choice of standard deviation 

was based on estimates of residual variation in growth 

histories of 102 permanent sample plots in northern Idaho 

(Stage 1987). 

DEFINITIONS OF VARIABLES 

Site index. Average height in feet of the tallest 20 trees 

per acre when the trees have 50 rings at 4.5 feet above 

ground level. 

Age. Number of years from planting or from date of harvest or site preparation for natural-stand yields. 

Top Height. Average height in feet of the 40 largest diameter (d.b.h.) trees per acre. 

Volumes. Reported for three categories of size limits: 

Total cubic feet includes all stems, from l-foot stump to 

tip of main stem. 

Merchantable cubic feet includes all stems greater than 

7.0 inches d.b.h. from l-foot stump to a top diameter inside bark of 4.5 inches. 

Board feet Scribner (Kemp 1956) includes all stems 

greater than 7.0 inches d.b.h. from l-foot stump to a top 

diameter inside bark of 4.5 inches. 

Accretion (ACC in yield table headings). Periodic mean 

annual change in total cubic foot volume of trees surviving through the period,the length of which is indicated 

by column headed PRD yrs. 

Mortality (MOR in yield table headings). Total cubic foot 

volume per year of trees dying in the period. 

Total Yield. Standing volume plus volume removed by 

thinning, if any. 

YLELD TABLES FOR NATURAL 

REGENERATION 

Table 1 and figures 1,2, and 3 represent the yields for 

the mix of species typically found in naturally regenerated 

stands of the grand fir-cedar-hemlock ecosystem. Grand 

fir is the most prevalent species followed by Douglas-fir 

and western white pine (Pinus monticola). 

Entries for ages 5 and 10 represent only the established 

regeneration that would have been inventoried at age 5 

years. From age 15 years on, the trees are those that 

would have been inventoried at age 15. Any subsequent 

regeneration is ignored. 

Trends of tree d.b.h. with age and site index are displayed in figure 4. 

The distribution of site indices represented in these 

simulated yields (fig. 5) was determined by the distribution 

of site variables in the inventory and by the range of the 

random variation of the growth multipliers. 

Individual simulations showed surprising range in yield 

for the same site index. These variations are attributed to 

factors influencing initial stocking and time to reach 4.5 

feet height. Figure 6, for example, shows a range in yield 

of approximately 10,000 cubic feet for site index class 60 at 

120 years. This variation is nearly as large as the range of 

variation of the mean yields over the full range of sites 

represented in the yield tables. 
Table 1-Yields of naturally regenerated stands in the grand fircedar-hemlock ecosystem 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees/ Total able able Treed Total able able BAl TOP MOW - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

16 

45 

236 

1029 

180) 

2576 

3778 

5074 

6006 

7254 

0 

0 

0 

0 

13 

286 

1331 

3224 

5308 

7829 

10491 

12872 

1 5654 

18039 

20205 

221 83 

0 

0 

0 

3 

191 

1084 

2900 

536 1 

81 52 

11157 

14313 

17462 

20773 

23906 

27005 

29690 

0 

0 

3 

206 

1506 

4485 

8744 

1 3626 

19069 

24513 

29969 

351 91 

40077 

44842 

49326 

53321 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

(con .) 
Table 1 (Con.) 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees1 Total able able Trees1 Total able able BAI TOP MORl - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 

Bdft 

0 

0 

31 

900 

471 3 

10922 

18396 

26255 

34278 

41931 

49370 

55888 

61974 

67494 

72720 

77586 

0 

0 

54 

1576 

7400 

16259 

26282 

37038 

47607 

56899 

65629 

73343 

80020 

86341 

921 38 

97315 

0 

0 

117 

3960 

12437 

26291 

40218 

51 281 

61128 

701 72 

78207 

85752 

92360 

98686 

104649 

109801 
SITE INDEX 

AGE 

Figure 1-Natural regeneration yield curves for Inland Northwest forests of the 

grand fir-cedar-hemlock ecosystem (total cubic feet, all stems). 

SITE INDEX 

AGE 

Figure 2-Natural regeneration yield curves for Inland Northwest forests of 

the grand fir-cedar-hemlock ecosystem (merchantable cubic feet, 4.5-inch 

top, stems greater than 7 inches d.b.h.). 
SITE INDEX 

AGE 

Figure 3--Natural regeneration yield curves for Inland Northwest forests of the 

grand fir-cedar-hemlock ecosystem (merchantable board feet [Scribner], 4.5-inch 

top, stems greater than 7 inches d.b.h.). 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 4--Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for natural regeneration in Inland 

Northwest forests. 
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

SITE INDEX MIDPOINT 

Figure 5--Distribution of natural regeneration site index values for Inland 

Northwest forests of the grand fir/cedar/hemlock ecosystem. 

SITE INDEX 

Figure &-Natural regeneration yield vs. site index at 120 years of age 

(total cubic feet). 
YIELD TABLES FOR PLANTATIONS 

Yield estimates for plantations were produced assuming 

that there was no natural regeneration. On most sites in 

the Inland Empire, some natural regeneration can be expected. Therefore, the yields in these tables will apply only 

to stands in which early and repeated thinnings remove 

the natural regeneration. Simulation of the combined 

yields from planted as well as naturally regenerated trees 

would also be possible with the Prognosis Model. 

Expected yields for plantations with 500 Douglas-fir 

trees per acre at 5 years are listed in tables 2 through 6 

and figures 7 through 9 for the five management regimes. 

In comparison to the yields estimated for natural stands, 

Douglas-fir plantations are estimated to produce higher 

volumes at the early and middle ages because the height 

growth is faster at the early ages. This difference in height 

growth can be seen by comparing top heights at early ages 

for the same site index (table 2). 

Variation of yields between simulations for the same site 

index is less than for the natural-stand yields because 

initial stocking is uniformly 500 trees per acre at 5 years 

(figs. 10, 11). 

Treatment effects on mean d.b.h. are shown in figures 12 

through 16. As expected, thinning from below produces 

the largest diameters, but response is slight on the lower 

site qualities. 

Effects of thinning regimes on standing volume are compared in figures 17 through 22 for total cubic and merchantable board foot volumes. Effects of thinning regimes 

on total yield are compared in figures 23 through 28. Total yield was nearly constant for site index 90. For site 

indices 50 and 70, however, none of the thinning regimes 

matched the total yield of the unthinned plantations. 
Table 2-Yields of Douglas-fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, no thinning 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Treed Total able able Treed Total able able BAI TOP MOW - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

55 

767 

2464 

474 1 

7452 

10018 

1 2479 

14891 

17162 

19352 

21 472 

23352 

0 

0 

9 

705 

404 1 

9263 

14645 

201 15 

25276 

29831 

34084 

37871 

41226 

44068 

46422 

48605 

0 

0 

771 

621 1 

14366 

22468 

30564 

38071 

44064 

49320 

541 56 

58378 

62202 

65560 

68274 

70585 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
Table 3-Yields of Douglas-fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, precommercial thinning from below to 250 trees per acre 

at 20 years 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees1 Total able able Treed Total able able BAl TOP MORl - 

index Age acre vollime volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D - 

Bdfi 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
Table 4-Yields of Douglas-fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 20 years, 

and thinning from below to 100 trees per acre at 50 years 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- MerchantSite Treed Total able able Trees/ Total able able BAI 

index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 08 

829 

2033 

3335 

4653 

61 28 

7726 

9296 

10846 

12434 

14010 

15565 

0 

0 

9 

721 

4042 

8828 

9623 

136% 

17845 

221 34 

261 57 

29731 

32999 

35889 

381 60 

40252 

0 

0 

771 

5960 

1 3473 

21 796 

22039 

29357 

35963 

41164 

46226 

501 38 

53534 

56440 

59378 

61 649 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2792 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

671 7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Growth 

TOP MOW - 

CCF height PRD ACC year D 
Table 5-Yields of Douglas-fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 20 years, and 

thinning from above to 100 trees per acre at 50 years 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- ~erchax Growth 

Site Trees1 Total able able Trees1 Total able able BAl TOP MORl - 

index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 
Table 6-Yields of Douglas-fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 20 years, and 

thinnina to 100 trees Der acre at 50 vears such that the mean d.b.h. before and after thinnina is the same 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees1 Total able able Trees/ Total able able BAl TOP MORl - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 08 

829 

1203 

2379 

3724 

5069 

639 1 

7852 

9366 

10838 

12379 

13919 

0 

0 

9 

721 

4042 

8828 

6784 

10388 

14260 

18153 

21 983 

25471 

2871 6 

31 600 

341 83 

36520 

0 

0 

771 

5960 

13473 

21 796 

15780 

221 87 

28284 

34388 

39220 

43986 

48393 

52290 

55795 

58533 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

448 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4897 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

11723 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
SITE INDEX 

AGE 

Figure 7-Douglas-fir yield curves for unthinned plantations in Inland Northwest 

forests (total cubic feet, all stems). 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 8-Douglas-fir yield curves for unthinned plantations in Inland Northwest 

forests (merchantable cubic feet. 4.5-inch top, stems greater than 7 inches d.b.h.). 
SITE INDEX 

AGE 

Figure 9-Douglas-fir yield curves for unthinned plantations in lnland Northwest 

forests (merchantable board feet [Scribner], 4.5-inch top, stems greater than 

7 inches d.b.h.). 

50 60 70 80 90 

SITE INDEX MIDPOINT 

Figure 10-Distribution of Douglas-fir plantation site index values for lnland 

Northwest forests. 
SITE INDEX 

Figure 11-Douglas-fir yield vs. site index at 70 years of age (total 

cubic feet). 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 12-Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for Douglas-fir unthinned plantations 

in Inland Northwest forests. 
SITE INDEX 

, 100 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 13--Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for Douglas-fir precommercial 

thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years in Inland Northwest forests. 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 14--Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for Douglas-fir precommercial 

thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years and commercial thinning from below 

to 100 trees per acre at 50 years in Inland Northwest forests. 
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 1 !%-Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for Douglas-fir precommercial 

thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years and commercial thinning to 100 trees 

per acre at 50 years such that the mean d.b.h. before and after thinning is the 

same. 

INDEX 

.oo 

90 

80 

7 0 

60 

50 

40 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 16-Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for Douglas-fir precommercia1 thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years and commercial thinning 

from above to 100 trees per acre at 50 years in Inland Northwest forests. 
AGE 

Figure 17-Effect of thinning on standing volume of Douglas-fir plantations 

(total cubic feet), site index 50. 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC 1 PCA 

AGE 

MGMT 

PCB 

PC 1 

PC A 

Figure 18-Effect of thinning on standing volume of Douglas-fir plantations (total 

cubic feet), site index 70. 
AGE 

Figure 19-Effect of thinning on standing volume of Douglas-fir plantations (total 

cubic feet), site index 90. 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC 1 

PCA 

MGMT 

/ 000 

PCB 

AGE 

Figure 20-Effect of thinning on standing volume of Douglas-fir plantations 

(merchantable board feet [Scribner]), site index 50. 
AGE 

Figure 21-Effect of thinning on standing volume of Douglas-fir plantations 

(merchantable board feet [Scribner]), site index 70. 

AGE 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC 1 PC A 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC 1 PCA 

Figure 22-Effect of thinning on standing volume of Douglas-fir plantations 

(merchantable board feet [Scribner]), site index 90. 
AGE 

Figure 23-Effect of thinning on total yield of Douglas-fir plantations (total cubic 

feet), site index 50. 

MGMT 

AGE 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC A PC 1 

Figure 24-Effect of thinning on total yield of Douglas-fir plantations (total cubic 

feet), site index 70. 
AGE 

Figure 25-Effect of thinning on total yield of Douglas-fir plantations (total cubic 

feet), site index 90. 

AGE 

MGMT 

PC A PC 1 PCB 

000 

PO0 

MGMT 

PCB 

PC 1 

PC A 

Figure 26-Effect of thinning on total yield of Douglas-fir plantations (merchantable 

board feet IScribnerll. site index 50. 
MGMT 

, I . , . , . , I.,.,.,.,., 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 27-Effect of thinning on total yield of Douglas-fir plantations 

(merchantable board feet [Scribner]), site index 70. 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC A PC 1 

MGMT 

PCA 

000 

PC 1 PO0 

PCB 

AGE 

Figure 28-Effect of thinning on total yield of Douglas-fir plantations (merchantable 

board feet [Scribner]), site index 90. 
Grand fir 

Yields are summarized in tables 7 through 11 and figures 29 through 31. 

In comparison to Douglas-fir plantations, early yields 

are lower for grand fir, but by 100 years the grand fir 

yields are higher for all site index classes. 

Site indices for the simulations (figs. 32,33) of grand fir 

plantations are lower than for either the natural regeneration simulations or for the Douglas-fir plantations. 

The differences are attributable to data for initial heights 

at age 5 represented in the Regeneration Establishment 

Model. Planting effect in the initial height estimation 

equation gives little height advantage to planted grand fir 

compared to Douglas-fir. 

Mean d.b.h. of the grand fir plantations starts slower 

than Douglas-fir but surpasses it in later years (figs. 34 

through 38). Grand fir plantations always have trees of 

larger diameter than the naturally regenerated stands, 

which also contain a substantial proportion of grand fir. 

Effects of thinning regimes on standing volume are 

compared in figures 39 through 44. Effects of thinnings 

on total yield are compared in figures 45 through 50. 

- 

Table 7-Yields of grand fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, no thinning - -- 

-- Summarv statistics - -- --- 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees1 Total able able Treed Total able able BAI TOP MOW - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 60 

1546 

51 39 

10567 

17125 

24275 

31752 

38998 

45868 

52038 

57695 

62725 

0 

0 

0 

1 07 

2580 

9929 

21 466 

33865 

45454 

56820 

66608 

75669 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
Table 8-Yields of grand fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, precommercial thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 

20 years 

Summary statistics -- 

volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees1 Total able able Trees1 Total able able BAl TOP MOW - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 

Bdfl 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 89 

1617 

51 46 

10267 

1 6635 

23646 

30847 

379 1 7 

44488 

50532 

561 07 

61157 

0 

0 

0 

75 

241 5 

9110 

19060 

31 436 

44298 

55334 

65600 

741 08 

821 40 

89283 

95577 

101 548 

0 

0 

0 

1027 

10450 

29285 

42318 

61 876 

75913 

86302 

96700 

105655 

1 14805 

121 656 

1 291 87 

136479 
Table 9-Yields of grand fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 20 years, and 

thinning from below to 100 trees per acre at 50 years 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees1 Total able able Treed Total able able BAI TOP MOW - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 
Table 10-Yields of grand fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 20 years, 

and thinning from above to 100 trees per acre at 50 years 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees1 Total able able Treed Total able able BAt TOP MORI - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 
Table 11-Yields of grand fir plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 20 years, and 

thinning to 100 trees per acre at 50 years such that the mean d.b.h. before and after thinning is the same 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees Total able able Treed Total able able BAl TOP MOW 

index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year ZT 
30000 1 SITE INDEX 

AGE 

Figure 29-Grand fir yield curves for unthinned plantatims in Inland Northwest 

forests (total cubic feet all stems). 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 30-Grand fir yield curves for unthinned plantations in Inland Northwest 

forests (merchantable cubic feet, 4.5-inch to^, stems areater than 7 inches d.b.h \ 
SITE INDEX 

AGE 

Figure 31-Grand fir yield curves for unthinned plantations in lnland Northwest 

forests (merchantable board feet [Scribner] 4.5-inch top, stems greater than 

7 inches d.b.h.). 

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 

SITE INDEX MIDPOINT 

Figure 32-Distribution of grand fir plantation site index values for Inland 

Northwest forests. 
SITE INDEX 

Figure 33-Grand fir yield vs. site index at 110 years (total cubic feet). 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 34--Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for grand fir unthinned plantations 

in Inland Northwest forests. 
40 1 SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 35--Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for grand fir precommercial thinning to 

250 trees per acre at 20 years in Inland Northwest forests. 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 36-Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for grand fir precommercial thinning 

to 250 trees per acre at 20 years and commercial thinning from below to 100 

trees per acre at 50 years in Inland Northwest forests. 
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 37--Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for grand fir precommercial 

thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years and commercial thinning to 100 trees 

per acre at 50 years such that the mean d.b.h. before and after thinning is the 

TE INDEX 

90 

80 

7 0 

60 

50 

40 

30 

same 

- 

m 

W 

I U 

- H 

u 

II 

H 

0 

z 

W 

I 

0 

H + 

u a

a 

Q 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 38--Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for grand fir precommercial 

thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years and commercial thinning from above to 

100 trees per acre at 50 years in Inland Northwest forests. 
AGE 

Figure 39-Effect of thinning on standing volume of grand fir plantations (total cubic 

feet), site index 50. 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC 1 PC A 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PCA 

PC 1 

Figure 40-Effect of thinning on standing volume of grand fir plantations (total 

cubic feet), site index 70. 
30000 MGMT 

AGE 

Figure 41-Effect of thinning on standing volume of grand fir plantations (total 

cubic feet), site index 90. 

MGMT 

PCB 

AGE 

Figure 42-Effect of thinning on standing volume of grand fir plantations (merchantable board feet [Scribner]), site index 50. 
MGMT 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PCA 

PC 1 

Figure 43-Effect of thinning on standing volume of grand fir plantations (merchantable board feet [Scribner]), site index 70. 

MGMT 

AGE 

PO0 

PCB 

000 

PC 1 

Figure 44-Effect of thinning on standing volume of grand fir plantations (merchantable 

board feet [Scribner]), site index 90. 
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 45-Effect of thinning on total yield of grand fir plantations (total cubic 

feet), site index 50. 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC 1 PCA 

MGMT 

AGE 

Figure 46-Effect of thinning on total yield of grand fir plantations (total cubic 

feet), site index 70. 
MGMT 

PC A PC 1 

PCB 

PO0 

000 

AGE 

Figure 47-Effect of thinning on total yield of grand fir plantations (total cubic feet), 

site index 90. 

MGMT 

AGE 

PCB 

PC 1 PC A 

Figure 48-Effect of thinning on total yield of grand fir plantations (merchantable 

board feet [Scribner]), site index 50. 
MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PCA 

PC 1 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 49-Effect of thinning on total yield of grand fir plantations (merchantable board feet [Scribner]), site index 70. 

MGMT 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

PCA 

PC 1 PCB 

PO0 

Figure %--Effect of thinning on total yield of grand fir plantations (merchantable 

board feet [Scribner]), site index 90. 
Western Larch 

Yields predicted for western larch plantations in tables 

12-16 are the lowest of all the species included in this collection. The lower yields must be attributed to lower levels of stocking because the distribution of site indices 

(figure 51) is comparable to the distribution for naturally 

regenerated stands (figure 5) and for Douglas-fir plantations (figure 10). The general shape of the yield curves 

(figures 52-54) is similar to the corresponding curves for 

the plantations of the other species. The reduced stocking 

is attributable to both slower diameter growth (figs. 56 

through 60) and higher mortality rates than for Douglasfir or grand fir. Larch casebearer (Coleophora larkella) 

was a common'pest of western larch throughout most of 

the Inland Empire during the period upon which the 

Prognosis Model was calibrated. Whether future stands 

of western larch will continue to be afflicted as much as 

these data indicate remains to be seen. Effects of thinning regimes on standing volume and total yield are compared in figures 61 through 64 and figures 65 through 68, 

respectively. 

Table 12-Yields of western larch plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, no thinning 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Treed Total able able Treed Total able able BAl Top MOR/ 

index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 

Bdft 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Ft9 Bdft Ft2 Ft Yr Ft5 Fts 
Table 13-Yields of western larch plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, precommercial thinning from below to 250 trees per 

acre at 20 years 

Summarv statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Trees1 Total able able Trees1 Total able able BAI TOP MORI - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 
Table 14-Yields of western larch plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 20 years, 

and thinning from below to 100 trees per acre at 50 years 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Treed Total able able Treed Total able able BAI TOP MOW - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 
Table 15-Yields of western larch plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 20 years, 

and thinnina from above to 100 trees Der acre at 50 vears 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Treed Total able able Trees1 Total able able BAI TOP MOW - 

index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 

Bdfi 

0 

0 

0 

0 

27 

394 

295 

1162 

244 1 

365 1 

4909 

61 48 

753 1 

8836 

10275 

1 1543 

0 

0 

0 

113 

1566 

5050 

2946 

5089 

7468 

989 1 

12458 

15299 

17773 

19922 

21 789 

23334 

0 

0 

0 

730 

4642 

971 1 

4904 

7836 

1 1301 

14789 

18314 

21 327 

23856 

25844 

27336 

28373 

Bdfi 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

394 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

405 1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7155 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
Table 16-Yields of western larch plantations having 500 trees per acre surviving 5 years, thinning from below to 250 trees per acre at 20 years, 

and thinning to 100 trees per acre at 50 years such that the mean d.b.h. before and after thinning is the same 

Summary statistics 

Volume per acre Removals per acre 

Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Merchant- Growth 

Site Treed Total able able Trees1 Total able able BA. TOP MOW - index Age acre volume volume volume acre volume volume volume acre CCF height PRD ACC year D 
50 60 70 

SITE INDEX MIDPOINT 

Figure 51-Distribution of western larch plantation site index values for 

Inland Northwest forests. 

AGE 

TE INDEX 

80 

Figure 52-Western larch yield curves for unthinned plantations in Inland Northwest 

forests (total cubic feet all stems). 
I SITE INDEX 

AGE 

Figure 53-Western larch yield curves for unthinned plantations in Inland Northwest 

forests (merchantable cubic feet, 4.5-inch top, stems greater than 7 inches d.b.h.). 

TE INDEX 

80 

AGE 

Figure 54--Western larch yield curves for unthinned plantations in Inland 

Northwest forests (merchantable board feet, 4.5-inch top, stems greater than 

7 inches d.b.h.). 
SITE INDEX 

Figure 55-Western larch yield vs. site index at 80 years of age 

(total cubic feet). 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 56--Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for western larch unthinned 

plantations in Inland Northwast forests. 
SITE INDEX 

80 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 57--Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for western larch precommercial 

thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years in lnland Northwest forests. 

SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 58-Quadratic mean diameter vs. age for western larch precommercial 

thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years and commercial thinning from below 

to 100 trees per acre at 50 years in Inland Northwest forests. 
SITE INDEX 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure 5Muadratic mean diameter vs. age for western larch precommercial 

thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years and commercial thinning from above 

to 100 trees per acre at 50 years in Inland Northwest forests. 

SITE INDEX 

/ 8 0 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

Figure GWuadratic mean diameter vs. age for western larch precommercial 

thinning to 250 trees per acre at 20 years and commercial thinning to 100 trees per 

acre at 50 years such that the mean d.b.h. before and after thinning is the same. 
AGE 

Figure 61-Effect of thinning on standing volume of western larch for Inland Northwest forests (total cubic feet), site index 50. 

MGMT 

PCB 

PC 1 PCA 

MGh 

AGE 

Figure 62-Effect of thinning on standing volume of western larch for Inland 

Northwest forests (total cubic feet), site index 70. 
I MGMT 

AGE 

Figure 63-Effect of thinning on standing volume of western larch for Inland 

Northwest forests (merchantable board feet [Scribner]), site index 50. 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 

AGE 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC 1 PCA 

Figure 64-Effect of thinning on standing volume of western larch for Inland 

Northwest forests (merchantable board feet [Scribner]), site index 70. 
AGE 

Figure 65-Effect of thinning on total yield of western larch plantations (total 

cubic feet), site index 50. 

AGE 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PCB 

PC A PC 1 

MGMT 

000 

PO0 

PC A PCB 

PC 1 

Figure 66-Effect of thinning on total yield of western larch plantations (total cubic 

feet), site index 70. 
MGMT 

PCB 

PC 1 

PCA 

AGE 

Figure 67-Effect of thinning on total yield of western larch plantations (merchantable 

board feet [Scribner]), site index 50. 

AGE 

MGMT 

PC A PCB 

PC1 

Figure 68-Effect of thinning on total yield of western larch plantations (merchantable 

board feet [Scribner]), site index 70. 
COMPARISON TO RELATED YIELD 

ESTIMATES 

Cochran (1979) has published estimates of net volume 

yields for natural stands of white (grand) fir and Douglasfir east of the Cascades in Oregon and Washington. 

Although his samples were from natural stands, his rigorous screening for uniform spacing, minimal past mortality, and even-aged character of the stand would suggest 

that the yields he presents might also represent plantations. Furthermore, because his tables are arrayed by 

breast-high age, effects of the wide variation in early 

height growth found in natural stands would be reduced. 

Cochran's site index was defined as the height of the tallest tree on the %-acre plot at 50 years age at breast 

height. Although his rate of selection of five trees per 

acre was less than the 20 trees per acre we used, the difference in site index definitions is estimated to be about 

3 feet for site indices of about 70 feet. To shift our tables 

to a breast-high age basis, we estimated years to reach a 

height of 4.5 feet for plantations from the coefficients in 

table 13 of Ferguson and others (1986). For combinations 

of habitat types, elevations, slopes, and aspects that produce site index 70, time from regeneration treatment to 

4.5 feet in height was estimated to be 10 years for 

Douglas-fir trees at +1 standard deviation in the distribution of heights and 16 years for grand fir. 

A comparison of the yields reported by Cochran and 

those reported in this study is presented in figure 69. The 

curves for Douglas-fir are nearly identical, while for grand 

fir the Prognosis estimates are consistently higher. The 

difference in yields of grand fir seem reasonable because 

we expect grand fir in the Inland Empire to reach higher 

maximum densities than grand fir growing in eastern 

Oregon and Washington. 

MGMT 

GF-P 

GF-C 

OF-P 

DF-C 

BREAST HEIGHT AGE 

Figure 69--Comparison of Cochran and Prognosis yields for Douglas-fir and grand 

fir, site index 70. Management codes indicated on this figure are: GF-P = grand firPrognosis; GF-C = grand fir-Cochran; DF-P = Douglas-fir-Prognosis; DF-C = 

Douglas-fir-Cochran. 
REFERENCES 

Cochran, P. H. 1979. Gross yields for even-aged stands of 

Douglas-fir and white or grand fir east of the Cascades 

in Oregon and Washington. Res. Pap. PNW-263. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agnculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment 

Station. 17 p. 

Daubenmire, R.; Daubenmire, J. 1968. Forest vegetation 

of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Tech. Bull. 

60. Pullman, WA: Washington Agricultural Experiment 

Station. 104 p. 

Ferguson, D. E.; Stage, A. R.; Boyd, R. J. 1986. Predicting 

regeneration in the grand fir-cedar-hemlock ecosystem 

of the Northern Rocky Mountains. For. Sci. Monogr. 26. 

Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 41 p. 

Kemp, P. D. 1956. Region 1 volume tables for cruise computations Northern Region Handbook R1-2430-31. 

Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agnculture, Forest 

Service, Northern Region. 

Stage, A. R. 1987. Progress in yield estimation: a history 

and prescription. In: Chappel, H. N.; Maguire, D. A., 

eds. Predicting forest growth and yield: current issues, 

future prospects. Contrib. 58. Seattle, WA: University of 

Washington, College of Forest Resources, Institute of 

Forest Resources: 61-77. 

Wykoff, W. R. [In press.] Predicting Basal Area Increment 

for individual northern Rocky Mountain conifers. Submitted to Forest Science. 

Wykoff, W. R.; Crookston, N. L.; Stage, A. R. 1982. User's 

guide to the Stand Prognosis Model. Gen. Tech. Rep. 

INT-133. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agnculture, 

Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 112 p. 
APPENDIX TABLES: INVENTORY CLASSES USED FOR SIMULATION 

Table 17-Class boundaries and corresponding mnemonic codes 

for Douglas-fir plantations 

Table 18-Class boundaries and corresponding mnemonic codes 

for grand fir plantations 

Class Nominal 

boundary value for 

Variable values class 

Class 

boundary 

Variable values 

Nominal 

value for 

class 

Aspect I 23-203' 

204-22" 

Habitat type Ponderosa pine series 

Douglas-fir series except 

PSMEISYAL,PSMEICARU 

Englemann spruce series 

Subalpine fir series except 

ABWOPHO,ABWCLUN, 

AB WLIBO,ABWMEFE, 

ABWLUHI 

PSMEISYAL 

ABGWCLUN 

THPVCLUN 

TSHEICLUN 

ABWCLUN 

AB WLIBO 

ABWMEFE 

TSMEIMEFE 

ABLNLUHI 

National 

Forest Lolo Bitterroot 1 

Clearwater 

Coeur d'Alene 

Colville 

Flathead 

Kaniksu 

Kootenai 

Nez Perce 

St. Joe 

, PSMWPHMA 

(260) 

PSMEISYAL 

(3 10) 

ABGWCLUN 

(520) 

THPUCLUN 

(530) 

TSHEICLUN 

(570) 

ABWCLUN 

(620) 

ABWLIBO 

(660) 

ABWMEFE 

(670) 

TSMEIMEFE 

(680) 

ABWLUHI 

(830) 

Bitterroot (3) 

Clearwater (5) 

Coeur d'Alene (6) 

Colville (7) 

Flathead (1 0) 

Kaniksu (13) 

Kootenai (1 4) 

Nez Perce (17) 

St. Joe (18) 

Aspect '337-1 57" 

158-336" 

Habitat type ABGWXETE 

ABGWCLUN 

THPVCLUN 

TSH EICLUN 

ABWCLUN 

ABWMEFE 

AB WXETE 

TSMEIXETE 

National 

Forest Lolo Bitterroot 1 

Clearwater 

Coeur d'Alene 

Colville 

Flathead 

Kaniksu 

Kootenai 

Nez Perce 

St. Joe 

E 

W 

ABG WXETE 

(5 10) 

ABGWCLUN 

(520) 

THPUCLUN 

(530) 

TSHEICLUN 

(570) ABWCLUN 

Bitterroot (3) 

Clearwater (5) 

Coeur d'Alene (6) 

Colville (7) 

Flathead (1 0) 

Kaniksu (13) 

Kootenai (1 4) 

Nez Perce (17) 

St. Joe (18) 

'Aspect is included in class definitions because it is a major source of variation 

in Regeneration Establishment Model. 

'Aspect is included in class definitions because it is a major source of 

variation in Regeneration Establishment Model. 
Table 19-Class boundaries and corresponding mnemonic codes for 

western larch plantations 

Table 20-Class boundaries and corresponding mnemonic codes 

for naturally regenerated stands 

Class 

boundary 

Variable values 

Nominal 

value for 

class 

Class 

boundary 

Variable values 

Nominal 

value for 

class 

Aspect '337-1 57" 

158-336" 

Habitat type Ponderosa pine series 

Douglas-fir series 

Subalpine fir series 

except ABWOPHO, 

ABWCLUN, ABWLIBO, 

AB WMEFE, ABWXETE, 

ABWAGL, AB WVASC 

PSMEIPHMA 1 (260) 

Englemann spruce series PIENICLUN 

(420) 

ABG WXETE ABG WXETE 

(510) 

ABGWCLUN ABGWCLUN 

(520) 

THPUCLUN THPUCLUN 

(530) 

THPUOPHO ABWOPHO 

TSHEICLUN (610) 

ABWOPHO 

AB WLIBO 

ABWMEFE 

TSHEIMEFE 

ABWXETE 

TSMEIXETE 

ABWVASC 

National Colville 

Forest Flathead } 

Lolo 

Bi tterroot 

Clearwater 

Coeur d' Alene 

Kaniksu 

Nez Perce 

St. Joe 

ABWCLUN 

(620) 

ABWLIBO 

(660) 

TSMEIMEFE 

(680) 

ABWXETE 

(690) 

TSMEIXETE 

(710) 

ABLAIVASC 

(730) 

Flathead (1 0) 

Bitterroot (3) 

Clearwater (5) 

Coeur d' Alene (6) 

Kaniksu (13) 

Nez Perce (1 7) 

St. Joe (18) 

'Aspect is included in class definitions because it is a major source of 

variation in Regeneration Establishment Model. 

Aspect 293-1 13" 

1 14-292" 

Habitat type ABGWCLUN 

THPVCLUN 

ABWCLUN 

National Bitterroot 

Forest Flathead 

Lolo 

Colville 

I 

Clearwater 

Kaniksu 

Kootenai 

Nez Perce 

N 

S 

ABGWCLUN 

(520) 

THPVCLUN 

(530) 

TSHEICLUN 

(570) 

ABWCLUN 

(620) 

Bitterroot (3) 

Clearwater (5) 

Colville (7) 

Kaniksu (13) 

Kootenai (1 4) 

Nez Perce (1 7) 

+U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: l988-0-673-039/81006 58 

Stage, Albert R.; Renner, David L.; Chapman, Roger C. 1988. Selected yield tables for 

plantations and natural stands in Inland Northwest Forests. Res. Pap. INT-394. Ogden, 

UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 

58 p. 

Yields arrayed by site index and age have been tabulated for plantations of 500 trees 

per acre, with five thinning regimes, for Douglas-fir, grand fir, and western larch. Yields 

were also tabulated for naturally regenerated stands of the grand fir-cedar-hemlock 

ecosystem of the Inland Empire. All yields were estimated with the Prognosis Model for 

Stand Development, version 5.2, including the Regeneration Establishment Model. 

KEYWORDS: plantation yields, site index, Douglas-fir, grand fir, western larch, natural 

stand yields, thinning, growth models 
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