MODEL VALIDATION AT THE 204-MW NEW MEXICOMODEL VALIDATION AT THE 204-MW NEW MEXICO WIND ENERGY CENTERWIND ENERGY CENTER

E. Muljadi and C.P. Butterfield A. Ellis and J. Mechenbier J. Hochheimer and R. Young N. Miller and R. Delmerico R. Zavadil and J. C. Smith National Renewable Energy Laboratory Public Service of New Mexico FPL Energy LLC General Electric International, Inc. Utility Wind Interest Group 

Golden, CO 80401 Albuquerque, NM 87104 Juno Beach, FL 33408 Schenectady, New York 12345 Reston, VA 20191 

Participants

• Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM): Abraham Ellis, Jeff Mechenbier

• FPL Energy LLC (FPLE): Jack Hochheimer, Russell Young

• General Electric (GE): Bob Delmerico, Nick Miller

• Utility Wind Interest Group (UWIG): Bob Zavadil, Charlie Smith

• National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Ed Muljadi, Sandy Butterfield, Yih-hueiWan, Brian Parsons

Single Series Daisy-Chain Physical Diagram

Model Validation at the 204-MW New Mexico Wind Energy Center

Objectives• To investigate the impact of aggregation on a large wind farm. • To explore the dynamic behaviors of the power system and the wind turbine. 

Methods• Use equivalencing method previously developed to simplify Taiban Mesa wind power plant. 

• Use PSLF dynamic analysis to simulate the wind power plant with AWEA-proposed low voltage ride through (LVRT) used to test the systems. 

• Represent a 204-MW wind plant two ways, 1) treat the entire wind farm feeding a large power system network as a single generator 2) treat each wind turbine within the wind farm as an individual generator (136 generators) feeding the large power system network. 

Single-Turbine Equivalent Circuit for the Wind Farm

10997 10996 10998  10995 0.570 kV 34.5kV 34.5 kV  345kV 10999 

(0.01345 + j0.0497) B = j (0.002+j0.002)(0.0026 + j0.0245) 0.1004 (0.0014+j0.0828) Taiban Mesa 

Power System Network Transmission Complete Collector System in theLines under PNM Service Territory Wind Farm 

Taiban Mesa 10999Shiprock San Juan Infinite Bus 345 kVWECC PATH 48 York Canyon 

Four Corners Springer 

Ojo Taos 

Pillar Black Lake 

Bisti Hernandez Bravo DomeLos Alamos 10995Storrie Lake 

Norton 345 kV Yah-tah-ey Las VegasMcKinley 

Santa FeAmbrosia Algodones 10998PEGS Guadalupe 

N8 34.5 kV B-A D22HVDC tieBlue Water 

Springerville MoriartyWest Mesa Taiban Mesa 

BlackwaterSandia D23Belen Willard 

Bernardo N3 D11Hollywood 

Socorro 

N1 D12 N2AlamogordoCentral D1 D6Elephant Butte Holloman AFB HVDC tieGreenlee 

D2 N4 D13 D17 N6 D7Hidalgo Picacho Amrad Artesia 

ArroyoDona Ana Luna D3 D14 D18 D8Salopeck 

Deming D4 N5 D15 D19 N7 D9Newman Caliente 345 kV 

Phelps Dodge Diablo 230 kV D5 D16 D20 D10115 kVRio Grande 

D21 

Test Voltage Profile Single Line Diagram of the Wind Farm for (This test profile was modeled after the LVRT proposal Two Types of Collector Systemthat appeared in FERC NOPR Jan. 24, 2005) Configuration 

Minimum Required Wind Plant Response to 10999 Taiban MesaEmergency Low Voltage 

1.2 Beginning of emergency low voltage 

Volta

ge at

 the h

igh 

side o

f win

d pl

ant 

subs

tatio

n tra

nsfo

rmer

 (in 

per u

nit*)

Wind Farm Infinite Bus

Equivalent Circuit of Collector System

1.0 

345 kV0.8 Wind plant required toremain on-line 10995 345 kVCircuit Impedance-Shunt Admittance 0.6

Taiban MesaRepresentation R X B0.4Analytical 0.01345 0.0497 0.1004

Equivalent Representation of Circuit Deduction 0.0104 0.0388 0.1004 

1. Analytical: simplification of equivalent circuits using series-

Wind plant not required0.2 10998 34.5 kV to remain on-line Taiban Mesa0.0

parallel circuit reduction methods. 2. Deduction: simplification of equivalent circuit based on load 

flow analysis using losses, branch currents and power flow.D1 

Single Turbine Representation (STR) Voltage, real power, and Voltage, real power, and Rotor speed, mechanical reactive power response reactive power response power, and pitch angleto the fault at the Taiban to the fault at the wind variation pre-fault and Bus frequencies 

Mesa 345 kV turbine terminals post-fault conditions comparison 

Voltage Voltage Speed 

Wind turbine 

Real power HV substation XFMR 

Mechanical power 

Real power LV substation XFMR 

Reactive power Reactive power Pitch angle 

Taiban Mesa 345 kV 

Comparison Between FSR and STR at (POI) and Equivalent Wind Turbine

Response at the Point of Interconnection the POI 

Voltage, real power, and reactive power at bus 10999 Full system representation Single turbine

Real power comparison Reactive power comparison (136 WTGs) representation 

Voltage Voltageat the turbine 

at the turbine 

at the substation Real power 

at the Real powersubstation 

-1.0 0.0 0.625 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Full System RepresentationTime (s) or Single-Turbine

*per unit = ratio of actual to nominal voltage Representation 

Full System Representation (FSR) Voltage, real power, and reactive power at Rotor speed, mechanical power, and pitch angle

two turbines variations 

Wind turbine at 10701 Wind turbine at 10836 Wind turbine at 10701 Wind turbine at 10836 

Voltage Voltage Rotor Rotor speedspeed 

Real power 

Real power Mechanical Mechanical 

powerpower 

Reactive power 

Reactive power Pitch angle Pitch angle 

Model Validation at the 204-MW New Mexico Wind Energy CenterResults

• Using AWEA proposed LVRT profile, we compare STR and FSR. 

• At the point of interconnection, the dynamic response for STR tends to show a sharp change, while the FSR tends to smoothen the response. 

• At the turbine level, due the diversity of the wind power plant, each turbine shows a different response. 

• STR provides sufficient accuracy for large-scale system studies. 

SummaryThe results and progress related to this work are reported in the following: 

• “Equivalencing the Collector System of a Large Wind Power Plant” to be presented at the IEEE-Power Engineering Society, Annual Conference 2006, June 18–22, 2006, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 

• “Model Validation at the 204-MW New Mexico Wind Energy Center” to be presented at the Wind Power Conference, June 4–7, 2006, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 

Reactive Reactive powerpower 

The information contained in this poster is subject to a government license. WINDPOWER 2006 • Pittsburgh, PA • June 4–7, 2006 • NREL/PO-500-39771