Appendix B 

Air Quality Emissions Calculations 

 
Projected Emissions for CY 2013

All Sources

Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards

CY 2013 

(metric tons 

per year)

CO NOx VOC PM10 PM2.5 SO2 CO2 CO2

Construction Equipment Operation 9.77 20.72 2.52 1.86 1.86 1.34 1,663.87 1,509.44

Site Prepapration - Fugitive Emissions -- -- -- 4.00E-02 4.00E-02 -- -- --

Soil Transport - Fugutuve Emissions -- -- -- 1.15 0.120 -- -- --

Total 9.77 20.72 2.52 3.05 2.02 1.34 1,663.87 1,509.44

Projected Emissions for CY 2014

All Sources

Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards

CY 2014 

(metric tons 

per year)

CO NOx VOC PM10 PM2.5 SO2 CO2 CO2

Construction Equipment Operation 9.64 20.10 2.47 1.81 1.81 1.30 1,640.58 1,488.31

Site Prepapration - Fugitive Emissions -- -- -- 0 0 -- -- --

Soil Transport - Fugutuve Emissions -- -- -- 1.15 0.12 -- -- --

Total 9.64 20.10 2.47 2.96 1.93 1.30 1,640.58 1,488.31

1. Assume PM=PM10=PM2.5

2. Assume rock/soil transport occurs over a year, equally divided between CY 2013 and CY 2014. 

CY 2013 Emissions (tons per year)

Emission Source

Emission Source

CY 2014 Emissions (tons per year)
Construction Equipment Projected Hours of Operation

Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards

Diesel Average No. of CY 2013 CY 2014

Equipment Rated HP1Units Hours Hours

Manlift Forklifts 51 1 360 360

855 Liebherr Crane Cranes 604 1 540 540

Atlas ROC D3 Drill Rig Bore/Drill Rigs 156 3 720 720

KR-803-1 Rock Anchor Drill Bore/Drill Rigs 140 1 270 270

Dump Truck Dumpers/Tenders 400 8 650 650

Generator Emergency Generator (AP-42) 75 1 720 0

Mobile Crane Cranes 300 1 180 180

Pay Loader Emergency Generator (AP-42) 60 1 1080 1080

Hydraulic Drill Rig BG 28 Bore/Drill Rigs 475 1 810 810

Concrete Mixer Truck Cement Mixers 470 3 810 810

Excavator 322C CAT Excavators 470 1 810 810

Excavator 318E CAT Excavators 114 2 810 810

Air Compressor Emergency Generator (AP-42) 80 1 2160 2160

Hoe Ram Emergency Generator (AP-42) 60 1 540 540

Alimak Scando 450 CY 2014 Emissions (tons per year) 60 1 1080 1080

Pickup Truck Off-Highway Trucks 489 2 1080 1080

Construction is projected to start in May 2013 and be completed by December 2014 as a worst case scenario.

Typical workday will include 12 hours of construction (7:00 am to 7:00 pm)

Estimated hours of operation are based on projected run months provided by Parsons Brinkerhoff and approved by Amtrak.

With the exception of emergency generator, projected hours of operation were split between CY 2013 and CY 2014.

Dump Truck Hours estimated as follows:

Cubic yards transported = 83,000

Cy/truck/trip hauled = 16

Total trips = 5187.5

Average run per trip = 2

Total hours operated = 10400 say 5200 hrs

Total hours/truck = 1300 or 650 hrs/year

Depending on the type of equipment, hours of operation are estimated to be 4, 6, 8 or 12 per day.
Construction Equipment Air Quality Emission Factors

Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards

Diesel Average Loading Emission Factors (grams/HP-hr)2 Emission Factors (lbs/hr)

3

Equipment Rated HP1

Factors2

CO NOx VOC PM4SOx CO2 CO NOx VOC PM4SOx CO2

Manlift Forklifts 51 59% 3.31 5.31 0.56 0.55 0.4 569 0.22 0.35 0.04 0.04 0.03 37.75

855 Liebherr Crane Cranes 604 43% 1.37 5.47 0.38 0.29 0.37 533 0.78 3.13 0.22 0.17 0.21 305.19

Atlas ROC D3 Drill Rig Bore/Drill Rigs 156 43% 2.49 6.97 0.60 0.48 0.38 539 0.37 1.03 0.09 0.07 0.06 79.71

KR-803-1 Rock Anchor Drill Bore/Drill Rigs 140 43% 2.49 6.97 0.60 0.48 0.38 539 0.33 0.93 0.08 0.06 0.05 71.54

Dump Truck Dumpers/Tenders 400 21% 8.50 7.45 2.27 1.41 0.47 680 1.57 1.38 0.42 0.26 0.09 125.93

Generator5

Emergency Generator (AP-42) 75 75% 6.68E-03 0.031 2.515E-03 2.20E-03 2.05E-03 1.15 0.38 1.74 0.14 0.12 0.12 64.69

Mobile Crane Cranes 300 43% 1.37 5.47 0.380 0.29 0.37 533 0.39 1.56 0.11 0.08 0.11 151.58

Pay Loader5

Emergency Generator (AP-42) 60 75% 6.68E-03 0.031 2.515E-03 2.20E-03 2.05E-03 1.15 0.30 1.40 0.11 0.10 0.09 5.18E+01

Hydraulic Drill Rig BG 28 Bore/Drill Rigs 475 43% 2.49 6.97 0.60 0.48 0.38 539 1.12 3.14 0.27 0.22 0.17 242.71

Concrete Mixer Truck Cement Mixers 470 43% 3.25 7.16 0.82 0.61 0.39 563 1.45 3.19 0.37 0.27 0.17 250.85

Excavator 322C CAT Excavators 470 59% 1.70 4.55 0.34 0.32 0.38 541 1.04 2.78 0.21 0.20 0.23 330.74

Excavator 318E CAT Excavators 114 59% 1.70 4.55 0.34 0.32 0.38 541 0.25 0.67 0.05 0.05 0.06 80.22

Air Compressor5

Emergency Generator (AP-42) 80 75% 6.68E-03 0.031 2.515E-03 2.20E-03 2.05E-03 1.15 0.40 1.86 0.15 0.13 0.12 6.90E+01

Hoe Ram5

Emergency Generator (AP-42) 60 75% 6.68E-03 0.031 2.515E-03 2.20E-03 2.05E-03 1.15 0.30 1.40 0.11 0.10 0.09 5.18E+01

Alimak Scando 4505 CY 2014 Emissions (tons per year) 60 75% 6.68E-03 0.031 2.515E-03 2.20E-03 2.05E-03 1.15 0.30 1.40 0.11 0.10 0.09 5.18E+01

Pickup Truck Off-Highway Trucks 489 59% 1.66 5.11 0.29 0.26 0.37 536 1.06 3.25 0.18 0.17 0.24 340.93

 1. Average horsepower ratings were obtained from a review of various manufacturers' specifications

 3. Emission Factors (lbs/hr) = Average Rated HP X Loading Factors X Emission Factors (grams/HP-hr) X Conversion Factor (grams to lbs)

 4. PM=PM10=PM2.5

 5. Emission Factors lbs/hp-hr from Chapter 3.3, Gasoline and Diesel Industrial Engines, AP-42.

 2. Loading factors and emission factors from USAF IERA Air Emissions Inventory Guidance Document For Mobile Sources at Air Force Installations, May 1999, Revised December 2009, Section 3.
Projected Emissions for CY 2013

Construction Equipment

Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards

Construction Usage

Equipment (hrs) CO NOx VOC PM10 SO2 CO2

Manlift 360 79.05 126.81 13.37 13.13 9.55 13,588.49

855 Liebherr Crane 540 423.60 1,691.30 117.49 89.67 114.40 164,801.32

Atlas ROC D3 Drill Rig 720 795.39 2,226.45 191.66 153.33 121.38 172,174.93

KR-803-1 Rock Anchor Drill 270 89.23 249.76 21.50 17.20 13.62 19,314.49

Dump Truck 650 8,185.32 7,174.20 2,185.96 1,357.80 452.60 654,825.94

Generator 720 270.54 1,255.50 101.85 89.10 83.03 46,575.00

Mobile Crane 180 70.13 280.02 19.45 14.85 18.94 27,284.99

Pay Loader 1080 324.65 1,506.60 122.21 106.92 99.63 55,890.00

Hydraulic Drill Rig BG 28 810 908.20 2,542.23 218.84 175.07 138.60 196,593.97

Concrete Mixer Truck 810 3,518.77 7,752.11 887.81 660.45 422.25 609,558.39

Excavator 322C CAT 810 841.82 2,253.10 168.36 158.46 188.17 267,896.16

Excavator 318E CAT 810 408.37 1,092.99 81.67 76.87 91.28 129,958.14

Air Compressor 2160 865.73 4,017.60 325.91 285.12 265.68 149,040.00

Hoe Ram 540 162.32 753.30 61.11 53.46 49.82 27,945.00

Alimak Scando 450 1080 324.65 1,506.60 122.21 106.92 99.63 55,890.00

Pickup Truck 1080 2,280.64 7,020.53 398.43 357.21 508.34 736,399.94

 Total Emissions (lb/yr): 19,548.4 41,449.1 5,037.8 3,715.6 2,676.9 3,327,736.8

 Total Emissions (tpy) 9.77 20.72 2.52 1.86 1.34 1,663.87

 Total Emissions (Metric Tons/yr) 1,509.44

Projected Emissions for CY 2014

Construction Equipment

Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards

Construction Usage

Equipment (hrs) CO NOx VOC PM10 SO2 CO2

Manlift 360 79.05 126.81 13.37 13.13 9.55 13,588.49

855 Liebherr Crane 540 423.60 1,691.30 117.49 89.67 114.40 164,801.32

Atlas ROC D3 Drill Rig 720 795.39 2,226.45 191.66 153.33 121.38 172,174.93

KR-803-1 Rock Anchor Drill 270 89.23 249.76 21.50 17.20 13.62 19,314.49

Dump Truck 650 8,185.32 7,174.20 2,185.96 1,357.80 452.60 654,825.94

Generator 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mobile Crane 180 70.13 280.02 19.45 14.85 18.94 27,284.99

Pay Loader 1080 324.65 1,506.60 122.21 106.92 99.63 55,890.00

Hydraulic Drill Rig BG 28 810 908.20 2,542.23 218.84 175.07 138.60 196,593.97

Concrete Mixer Truck 810 3,518.77 7,752.11 887.81 660.45 422.25 609,558.39

Excavator 322C CAT 810 841.82 2,253.10 168.36 158.46 188.17 267,896.16

Excavator 318E CAT 810 408.37 1,092.99 81.67 76.87 91.28 129,958.14

Air Compressor 2160 865.73 4,017.60 325.91 285.12 265.68 149,040.00

Hoe Ram 540 162.32 753.30 61.11 53.46 49.82 27,945.00

Alimak Scando 450 1080 324.65 1,506.60 122.21 106.92 99.63 55,890.00

Pickup Truck 1080 2,280.64 7,020.53 398.43 357.21 508.34 736,399.94

 Total Emissions (lb/yr): 19,277.9 40,193.6 4,936.0 3,626.5 2,593.9 3,281,161.8

 Total Emissions (tpy) 9.64 20.10 2.47 1.81 1.30 1,640.58

 Total Emissions (Metric Tons/yr) 1,488.31

Assumptions:

Note: Assume PM= PM10=PM2.5

Emissions (lbs)

Emissions (lbs)

Source: Emission factors and methodology from USAF IERA Air Emissions Inventory Guidance 

Document For Mobile Sources at Air Force Installations (Sections 3 and 4, revised December 2009). 
Fugitive Dust Emissions (Site Preparation)

Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards

Description:1

Square feet: 43,560

Total acres of land disturbed: 1.000

Assumed number of 12-hr days: 60

Assumed equivalent acres/day: 0.017

Equation for Fugitive Dust Emissions (PM10)

ETSP (lb/yr) = 80 * No. of 8-hr days * Acres/day

Calculation

ETSP (lb/yr) = 80 * 60 days * 0.017 acres/day

ETSP = 80.00 lb/yr

4.00E-02 tpy

AssumptionsCY 2014 Emissions (tons per year)

Source of Equation

Note: Assume PM= PM10=PM2.5

1

 The construction site is an existing building and the surrounding area. The area of disturbance is 

conservatively assumed to be 50 percent of the area.

USAF IERA Air Emissions Inventory Guidance Document For Stationary Sources at Air Force 

Installations (Section 16, revised December 2009).

2

 It is assumed that construction activity related to site preparation will be completed in CY 2013.
Fugitive Dust Emissions (Rock/Soil Transport)

Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards

Input Parameters:

Soil moved during excavation = 83,000 cy

Soil moved during excavation = 134,460 tons (1.62 tons/cy)

Mean wind speed = 9 mph 

(New York, 

NY)

Material silt content = 11 (Mean, Table 13.2.2-1, Page 13.2.2-3)

Material moisture content = 12.0 (Mean, Table 13.2.4, Page 13.2.4-2)

EF = k (0.0032) [U/5)1.3 / (M/2)1.4] 0.0004 lbs/ton PM

0.0002 lbs/ton PM10

0.0000 lbs/ton PM2.5

where:

EF = emission factor, lbs/ton

k = particle size multiplier = 0.74 for PM, 0.35 for PM10, and 0.053 for PM2.5

U = mean wind speed, miles/hr (mph)

M = material moisture content (%) CY 2014 Emissions (tons per year)

Therefore, total emissions from loading/unloading excavated rock/soil from dump trucks =

EF * tons/yr of rock/soil loading/unloading

56.45 lbs/yr 0.028 tons/yr PM E1

26.7 lbs/yr 0.013 tons/yr PM10 E1

 4.04 lbs/yr 0.002 tons/yr PM2.5 E1

EF = [k(s/12)a (W/3)b][(365-p)/365] 6.52 lbs/VMT/truck PM

1.76 PM10

0.18 lbs/VMT/truck PM2.5

where:

k = particle size multiplier = 4.9 lb/VMT (PM), 1.5 lb/VMT (PM10) and 0.15 lb/VMT (PM2.5)

s = material silt content (%)

W = Weight of the vehicle (tons) = 40 tons

p = Number of days when precipitation was greater than 0.01 inches = 130 (Figure 13.2.2-1)

a = 0.7 for PM, 0.90 for PM10 and 0.9 for PM2.5 (Table 13.2.2-2, Page 13.2.2-5)

b = 0.45 for PM, PM10 and PM2.5 (Table 13.2.2-2, Page 13.2.2-5)

VMT = vehicle miles travelled by loaded & unloaded trucks on unpaved roads

VMT = (83,000 cy/year of excavated soil)/(truck load)*(average distance travelled each way)

VMT = ((83,000 cy/yr) / (16 cy/truck))*5 miles/round trip

VMT = 25,937.5 VMT/yr

Therefore, total emissions from driving dump trucks on unpaved roads =

EF *VMT

169,052 lbs/yr 84.53 tons/yr PM

45,650 lbs/yr 22.83 tons/yr PM10

 4,669 lbs/yr 2.33 tons/yr PM2.5

Emissions from loading/unloading excavated rock/soil into dump trucks (USEPA AP-42, Eq. 1, Section 13.2.4, January 

1995)

Emissions from driving dump trucks on unpaved roads (USEPA AP-42, Eqs. 1a and 2, Section 13.2.2, November 2006

lbs/VMT/truck

Fugitive Emissions - 1
Fugitive Dust Emissions (Continued)

Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards

Assume fugitive dust from unpaved roads is controlled using water sprays.

Assume 90% control efficiency from water spray.

Therefore, actual controlled emissions from driving dump trucks on unpaved roads =

uncontrolled emissions * 0.1

8.45 tons/yr PM E2

2.28 tons/yr PM10 E2

0.233 tons/yr PM2.5 E2

Total annual fugitive emissions from soil removal (tons/yr) =

 -

8.481 tons/yr PM

2.296 tons/yr PM10

0.235 tons/yr PM2.5

Fugitive Emissions - 2