Taper Equation and Volume 

Tables for Plantation-Grown 

Red Alder

Andrew A. Bluhm, Sean M. Garber, and David E. Hibbs

United States 

Department of 

Agriculture

Forest Service

Pacific Northwest 

Research Station

General Technical Report

PNW-GTR-735

October 2007
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Authors

Andrew A. Bluhm and Sean M. Garber are research foresters and David E. 

Hibbs is a professor, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 

Corvallis, OR 97331. 

This work was performed under PNW 04-JV-11261976-184.

Cover photographs by Andrew A. Bluhm.
Abstract

Bluhm, Andrew A.; Garber, Sean M.; Hibbs, David E. 2007. Taper equation and 

volume tables for plantation-grown red alder. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-735. 

Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest 

Research Station. 74 p.

A taper equation and associated tables are presented for red alder (Alnus rubra 

Bong.) trees grown in plantations. The data were gathered from variable-density 

experimental plantations throughout the Pacific Northwest. Diameter inside bark 

along the stem was fitted to a variable exponent model form by using generalized 

nonlinear least squares and a first-order continuous autoregressive process. A number of parameterizations of the exponent were examined in a preliminary analysis, 

and the most appropriate form was determined. This was achieved by examining 

alternative models across geographic locations and silvicultural treatments on the 

basis of their ability to behave well outside the range of the modeling data by using 

an independent evaluation data set from across the region and a model validation 

procedure. Incorporating three easily measured tree variables—diameter at breast 

height, total tree height, and crown ratio—provided the best fit among location 

and treatment. This taper equation can be used to estimate diameter inside bark 

anywhere along the stem, inside bark volume of the entire stem to any top height 

diameter, and merchantable height and volume between any two points along the 

stem (i.e., individual log volumes). The flexibility of the model allows for accurate 

volume predictions across a range of operational stand conditions and management 

activities and is therefore an improvement over previously published red alder 

volume and taper equations. 

Keywords: Alnus rubra, red alder, taper equation, bark thickness, stem profile, 

volume tables. 
Contents

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2 Study Sites

2 Site, Treatment, and Tree Selection

5 Sampling Procedure

7 Evaluation Data

8 Model Development

10 Model Selection

11 Results

15 Discussion

20 Equation Application

21 Conclusion

21 Acknowledgments

22 Metric Equivalents

22 References

26 Appendix A: Total stem volume

36 Appendix B: Merchantable stem volume

46 Appendix C: Merchantable height

56 Appendix D: Stem volume to live crown base

65 Appendix E: Diameter outside bark at crown base 
Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

Introduction

There is a long history characterizing the stem profile of trees. Mathematically 

defining stem profile is necessary for the accurate prediction of stem volume. Taper 

equations do just this and are important to foresters and forest scientists because 

they provide a flexible alternative to conventional volume equations for evaluating 

financial worth of individual trees or stands and the various effects of stand management. Unlike volume equations, taper equations provide for (1) predictions of 

inside bark diameter at any point on the stem, (2) estimates of total stem volume, (3) 

estimates of merchantable volume and merchantable height to any top diameter and 

from any stump height, and (4) estimates of individual log volumes (Kozak 1988). 

In this paper, stem taper is defined as the rate of change in diameter with height 

along the stem, whereas stem profile reflects the shape of the entire stem (Gray 

1956).

It is well understood that differences in stand conditions affect the distribution of diameter growth along the stem (and in some cases height growth), which 

can affect, in turn, the stem profile and thus stem volume (see Larson 1963 for a 

review). Likewise, there is a growing body of research that indicates that changes 

in stand conditions owing to management activities can affect stem profile (Garber 

and Maguire 2003, Hilt and Dale 1979, Larson 1965, Lennette 1999, Valenti and 

Cao 1986a), which can have a profound impact on stem volume. Yet most existing 

volume and taper equations do not include intensively managed stands such as 

plantations or those that have been pruned or thinned. In addition, these equations 

use only diameter and height and therefore may not detect subtle changes in stem 

profile that come from management. Thus, variables representing the effect of various management activities (such as crown size) may improve accuracy of volume 

equations (Hann et al. 1987, Muhairwe et al. 1994), and ultimately improve yield 

estimates.

Published red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) volume (Browne 1962, Johnson et al. 

1949, Skinner 1959, Snell and Little 1983) and taper (Curtis et al. 1968; Kozak et al. 

1969; Kozak 1988, 1997) equations are available to estimate tree volume. However, 

these equations are based on trees from natural stands in the absence of any knowledge of stand history or silvicultural activity. There are currently no volume/taper 

equations for managed stands of red alder. The potential differences in stem 

profile between natural and planted stands (i.e., unmanaged vs. managed) leads 

to an unknown amount of error in volume estimation. Thus, the primary objective of this project was to develop a taper equation and associated merchantability 

tables for plantation-grown red alder. The final equation and parameter estimates 

are presented, the incorporation of crown ratio (CR) is discussed, and five sets of 


GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

tables—total stem volume, merchantable volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter 

outside bark [DOB] top), merchantable height, volume to crown base, and DOB at 

crown base—are provided.

Methods

Study Sites

The data in this analysis came from nine plantations of pure red alder in western 

Oregon, western Washington, and southwestern British Columbia (121.7-125.4°W, 

43.1-50.7°N). Five plantations were in the Oregon Coast Range, one in the Oregon 

Cascade Mountains, two in the Puget Trough of Washington, and one on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. (fig. 1). The climate is maritime and characterized 

by wet, mild winters, and cool, dry summers (Franklin and Dyrness 1973). Soil 

types included silty loams, clay loams, gravelly loams, and cobbly loams. Elevation ranged from 300 to 1,225 ft, slopes ranged from 5 to 35 percent, and annual 

precipitation ranged from 45 to 130 in.

Plantations were established on previously harvested sites of at least 15 ac and 

reasonably uniform ground conditions. Site preparation methods were the standard 

operating methods for the region at the time and included normal competition 

reduction practices. Climatic (annual and growing season precipitation, length of 

growing season) and soils information was determined and site index was estimated using the soil-site method of Harrington (1986). Mean site index (base age 

50 years) was 104 ft and ranged from 90 to 115 ft.

Sites were planted between 1989 and 1993 using operational planting crews. 

At each site, blocks of local red alder nursery stock (inoculated with Frankia spp.) 

were planted to target densities of 100, 230, 525, and 1,200 trees per acre (tpa). 

Planting blocks were randomly assigned, and within each planting block, control 

plots and various thinning and pruning treatment plots were randomly assigned. 

Treatment plots are 1.28 ac and contain a 0.33-ac measurement plot; the remaining 

area serves as a buffer. Treatment activities and data collection are administered 

by the Hardwood Silviculture Cooperative (HSC), Forest Science Department, 

Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. A full description of site locations, 

plot layouts, treatments, etc. can be found at www.cof.orst.edu/coops/hsc/.

Site, Treatment, and Tree Selection

The nine sites chosen for this project were a subset of the 26 HSC plantations 

described above (table 1). Priority was given to the oldest sites because these 

trees were closer in size to final rotation tree sizes and had more time to respond 
Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

Figure 1— Location of modeling and evaluation data study sites used in this analysis.
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

to previously applied silvicultural treatments. In addition, sites were selected to 

encompass the geographic range of red alder in the Pacific Northwest.

At each site, specific treatments to be sampled were also prioritized based 

on their likelihood of use in operational management (table 2). The various treatments were included in this analysis to expand the range of tree sizes and stem 

profiles. Three types of plots were sampled: (1) three control plots, 230 tpa, 525 

tpa, and 1,200 tpa; (2) the 230 tpa prune plot; (3) various thinned plots with special 

emphasis on treatment six. If this treatment was not present on a site, then another 

thinning treatment was sampled, either treatment five or nine.

All pruned plots have had three 6-ft lifts (the lowermost 6 ft of the crown 

had all branches removed using a pole saw). The first pruning lift occurred when 

tree heights were approximately 15 ft (between ages 4 and 6). The third lift was 

performed in the dormant season just prior to this sampling on five of the six 

plots. The thinning treatments five and nine occurred when the trees were 5 years 

Table 1—Site and tree characteristics used in taper model development, by site

Characteristics Pollard Pioneer Siletz Sitkum Shamu Humphrey Clear Lake Mohun Thompson

Latitude 45.2 44.62 44.73 43.13 45.93 48.58 48.47 50.67 45.48

Longitude 123.85 123.87 123.9 123.87 122.2 122.18 123.03 122.3 123.78

Elevation (ft) 1,100 350 300 1,000 1,100 400 500 325 1,225

Slope (%) 10 10 5 12 12 5 35 15 7

Site index (50 years) (ft) 100 110 115 110 95 115 105 100 90

Establishment date 1991 1992 1994 1992 1992 1989 1990 1993 1992

Sample size:

Trees 30 26 22 29 30 20 19 28 30

Stem diameters 420 364 308 406 420 280 266 392 420

Stem diameter outside bark (in):

Minimum 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mean 4.1 4.5 3.7 4.7 4.4 4.8 4.6 3.6 4.1

Maximum 10.5 13.6 9.3 13.7 12.3 12.3 11.4 9.1 10.3

Tree DBH (in): 

Minimum 3.7 5.1 4.3 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.6 3.9 3.7

Mean 6.7 6.8 5.8 7.1 6.6 7.3 7.2 5.5 6.3

Maximum 9.6 10.4 7.8 10.7 10 10.9 10.7 7 8.9

Tree height (ft):

Minimum 32.3 40.7 30.2 51.2 33.8 45.6 49.2 32.8 30.4

Mean 45.6 52.5 40.4 59.1 50.2 62 56.4 43.6 46.6

Maximum 58.1 59.9 47.2 66.9 63.7 77.8 63.7 57.4 55.5

Tree crown ratio:

Minimum 0.28 0.23 0.46 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.17

Mean 0.53 0.46 0.66 0.50 0.52 0.37 0.35 0.49 0.51

Maximum 0.80 0.70 0.92 0.83 0.81 0.65 0.61 0.94 0.92
Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

old (therefore 5 to 7 years before sampling). The timing of treatment six differed 

depending on stand development, ranging from age 6 through 12 (therefore 1 to 9 

years before sampling).

Sample trees were selected across the full range of diameters on each plot. To 

ensure this objective, diameter at breast height (DBH) histograms were generated 

for each site/treatment combination. Next, one to three (generally two) trees of 

good form (no forking, broken tops, excessive sweep, etc.) from each DBH class 

were selected (see table 3 for the sample distribution by diameter and height class). 

Sample trees were well distributed throughout the buffer area within the treatment 

plot, and were at least two tree rows from the edge of the treatment and/or measurement plot.

Sampling Procedure

The sampling procedure used here was the one used for the Inland Northwest 

Growth and Yield Cooperative Tree Form Equation Project (Hatch and Flewelling 

1995). Once the trees were selected, DBH was permanently marked with paint, and 

DOB and double bark thickness (DBT) were measured at 0.66 ft, 1.6 ft, 2.6 ft and 

4.5 ft (DBH) from the base of the tree (uphill side) with a diameter tape. The DOB 

was measured to the nearest 0.04 in. The DBT was directly measured to the nearest 0.04 in by removing two sections of bark from opposite sides of the bole with a 

hatchet, held together, and measured with calipers.

Table 2—Sample tree distribution (number of trees) by treatment and site

Treatmenta

Site name 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 Total

Pollard 6 6 6 — 7 (1) 4 — 29

Pioneer 6 4 6 — 6 (4) 4 — 26

Siletz 6 — 4 4 (5) — 4 4 (5) 22

Sitkum 7 6 6 — 8 (3) 3 — 30

Shamu 6 6 7 — 6 (4) 5 — 30

Humphrey 8 — 8 — 8 (9) 6 — 30

Clear Lake 7 — 6 — — 6 — 19

Mohun 4 4 4 4 (7) — 4 — 20

Thompson 6 6 6 — 6 (4) 4 — 28

 Total 56 32 53 8 41 40 4 234

a

The number of years since thinning is in parentheses.

2 = 230 tpa control—measure only.

3 = 230 tpa pruned to 6-ft. lift, 12-ft lift, 18-ft lift, 24-ft lift.

4 = 525 tpa control—measure only.

5 = 525 tpa thin to 230 tpa in year 3 to 5.

6 = 525 tpa thin to 230 tpa when height to live crown base is 15 to 20 feet.

8 = 1,200 tpa control—measure only.

9 = 1,200 tpa thin to 230 tpa in year 3 to 5.
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

Each sample tree was then felled in a manner that minimized stem breakage. 

The DBH mark was located and a nail was placed at this point. A tape measure was 

then stretched along the bole from the nail (at breast height [BH]) to the tree tip and 

the straight-line distance from BH to the tip of the tree was recorded (to the nearest 0.04 in). Height to live crown base (HLC, to the nearest 0.04 in), defined as the 

lowest whorl with living branches in at least three quadrants, was recorded. Crown 

ratio (CR) was defined as the live crown length divided by total tree height (HT). 

Above BH there were ten target (i.e., measurement) points, one at every 10 percent 

of the distance from BH to tree tip plus one at 95 percent of this distance. See figure 

2 for an example datasheet (note the measurement at 5 percent of the difference was 

not collected). 

Measurement points were permanently marked with paint or crayon. Ideally, 

these marks were identical to the calculated target points but occasionally the actual 

measurement point had to be moved above or below a branch whorl. If so, the 

actual, not the targeted distance from BH was recorded. At each measurement point 

(at BH, above BH, and below BH), DOB and DBT were measured as explained 

above. In all, there were 14 DOB and 14 DBT measurements per tree.

Table 3—Modeling data sample distribution by diameter at breast height (DBH) and height class (the shaded 

region represents every tree present in the Hardwood Silviculture Cooperative research program, n = 48,248)

Height (feet)

DBH (inches) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Total

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0

3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0

4 — — — — 1 5 4 2 3 3 1 — — — — 19

5 — — — — 3 5 14 11 11 10 3 3 — — — 60

6 — — — — 1 1 5 7 9 10 4 1 — — — 38

7 — — — — — 1 4 11 10 7 7 3 3 — — 46

8 — — — — — — — 9 11 5 9 2 3 — — 39

9 — — — — — — — 2 2 — 10 2 2 — 1 19

10 — — — — — — — — 1 3 2 3 1 — — 10

11 — — — — — — — — — — 2 1 — — — 3

12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

 Total 0 0 0 0 5 12 27 42 47 38 38 15 9 — 1 234
Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

Evaluation Data

Two independent data sets were supplied to the authors to assist in model selection 

and comparison. They were used to test how well the final model extrapolated to 

other plantations and to natural stands, both for trees of comparable size and trees 

beyond the size range of the data collected for this study. The first data set was 

from 32 trees in planted or managed (i.e., thinned) stands in western Oregon and 

Washington (provided by David Hibbs, Oregon State University). The second data 

set was from 29 trees in natural stands on Vancouver Island, British Columbia 

(provided by George Harper, British Columbia Ministry of Forests Research 

Branch). Data collection procedures were similar to this study. Number of samples 

and tree size ranges are given in table 4.

Figure 2—Example of a field data sheet.
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

Model Development

Several equation forms were screened for modeling stem shape, including several 

segmented polynomials (Max and Burkhart 1976, Walters and Hann 1986), trigonometric forms (Thomas and Parresol 1991), a model presented by Zakrzewski 

(1999), and variable exponent models (Bi and Long 2001, Kozak 1988). The variable 

exponent model (Kozak 1988) was chosen because it is a single model form for the 

entire stem, and preliminary analyses indicated it gave an estimated average bias 

along the stem smaller than the other model forms. The general model form is as 

follows:

Table 4—Site and tree characteristics for the independent data sets, by site

Characteristics Apiary Centralia Olney Cowichan and Menzies

Stand type Planted Planted Natural/thinned Natural

Location 15 km SW of 30 km SW of 20 km SW of Cowichan Lake and

Rainier, OR Olympia, WA Astoria, OR Campbell River, BC

Elevation (ft) 980–1,150 250–450 200 NA

Slope (%) 5–20 NA 0–10 NA

Site index (50 years) (ft) 108 82 98 87–120

Age when sampled 20 13 27 3–70

Range of densities (tpa) 540–5476 112–3923 110–450 NA

Sample size:

Trees 9 14 9 29

Stem diameters 87 89 88 298

Stem DOB (in)

Minimum 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2

Mean 4.3 3.5 6.0 5.8

Maximum 11.0 10.4 14.4 20.2

Tree DBH (in):

Minimum 5.0 2.5 7.1 0.7

Mean 6.4 5.3 8.9 7.6

Maximum 9.4 7.8 11.6 18.1

Tree height (ft):

Minimum 57.9 25.4 57.2 13.1

Mean 66.5 37.3 71.6 57.9

Maximum 73.2 53.6 81.4 124.0

Tree crown ratio:

Minimum 0.18 0.38 0.26 0.20

Mean 0.31 0.70 0.42 0.47

Maximum 0.64 0.99 0.57 0.93

NA = not available.

tpa = trees per acre.

DOB = diameter outside bark.

DBH = diameter at breast height.
Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

dib = DIBBH • X C

where dib is diameter inside bark at some height h, DIBBH is the diameter inside 

bark at reference relative height p, X = [1−(Z)

0.5]/[1−(p)0.5], Z is the relative height 

h/HT, and C is a function of Z and tree variables. The ratio X ranges from zero 

at the tree tip to 1 at the reference height p. In this case, breast height (4.5 ft) was 

chosen as the reference point (p = 4.5/HT) so that X = 1 at breast height and therefore constrained the dib prediction to equal the bark factor equation at breast height. 

Since diameter inside bark at breast height is not normally collected in the field, 

DIBBH was parameterized as a nonlinear function of DBH:

DIBBH = a1DBHa2XC (1)

where DIBBH, DBH, X, and C are defined above, and a1 and a2 are the parameters 

to be estimated from the data.

The variable exponent C can have numerous mathematical values (parameterizations). Three approaches were taken to efficiently limit the number of candidate 

parameterizations to be assessed. First, all known existing parameterizations were 

included (e.g., Garber and Maguire 2003; Kozak 1988, 1997, 2004). Second, the 

subset approach described by Garber and Maguire (2003) was employed to select 

up to five additional parameterizations. Third, two model forms were constructed 

after directly modeling the pattern in C over Z. This approach revealed a slight 

DBH and HT influence on taper below breast height and a considerable influence 

of DBH/HT and CR above breast height. Therefore, C was parameterized with two 

nonlinear additive terms: one representing the section below breast height and the 

other representing the section above breast height.

An analysis of the error structure revealed the presence of autocorrelation and 

heterogeneous variance, which had to be addressed to provide unbiased estimates 

and meaningful tests of parameters. Preliminary model evaluation suggested better 

dib and volume predictions from generalized least squares than with mixed effects, 

so directly modeling the autocorrelation was preferred. Variance structure was 

accounted for by incorporating a power variance function and a first-order continuous autoregressive process on Z, by tree, to account for heterogeneous variance and 

autocorrelation, respectively. Parameter estimates and the variance function were 

tested using likelihood ratio tests (α = 0.01). Generalized nonlinear models were fit 

by using maximum likelihood with functions written as part of the nonlinear mixed 

effects library (Pinheiro and Bates 2000) in S-PLUS 7.01 (Insightful Corp., Seattle, 

WA).

1

The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not 

imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service.
10

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

Model Selection

Final model selection and validation were based on indices of fit, bias analysis, 

model behavior, and comparisons to other published equations. Model subsets were 

compared on the basis of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) (Schwarz 1978):

BIC = -2 l(θ) + k × log(n)

where l(θ) is the log-likelihood, k is the number of parameters in the model, and n

is the number of observations; and the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2, 

Kvålseth 1985):

where Yi = is observed dib, Ŷi = predicted dib, Y is the mean dib, and n and k are 

defined above. Estimated average bias (hereafter referred to as simply “bias”) and 

standard error of the estimate (SEE) in predicting dib along the stem were assessed 

against the modeling data set among height classes, sites, and treatments. Similarly, 

bias and standard error of bias in predicting stem volume were assessed among 

diameter classes, sites, and treatments. Observed inside-bark stem volume from 

0.5-ft stump to tree tip (Vo ) was calculated using Smalian’s formula on the 

observed dib estimates from stump height to tree tip. Predicted volume (Vp ) was 

determined by numerically integrating the taper function between stump and 

tree tip and assuming sections were frusta of paraboloids. Bias (B) and SEE were 

calculated as follows:

where Yi = is observed dib or Vo, Ŷi = predicted dib or Vp, and n and k are defined 

above. Equations were examined across a wide range of DBH (0.1 to 100 in), HT 

(4.6 to 200 ft), and CR combinations for undesirable behavior (excessively large 

dib estimates below breast height, decreasing dib estimates below breast height, 

and dib bulges along the stem).
11

Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

Model fit was also validated by using the “leave out one observation” crossvalidation technique (i.e., a first-order jackknife approach) described by Draper 

and Smith (1981). In this procedure, one tree was omitted from the data set and 

the model was fit to the rest of the data and then used to predict dib for the one left 

out. This was then repeated for all trees in the dataset (234 times) yielding a mean 

square error of the estimate and biases for each sample height.

Finally, total stem volumes predicted from the final equation and five existing 

equations (excluding equations developed by Johnson et al. 1949 and Skinner 1959 

because of the merchantability limits of these equations) were compared using the 

modeling and the two evaluation data sets (see table 5 for model, site, and sample 

tree characteristics for existing red alder models). Observed tree volumes were 

regressed on predicted tree volumes with the following linear equation:

Vo = b1Vp (2)

where b1 = the coefficient estimated using weighted least squares and Vo and Vp are 

defined above. A t-test was performed to determine whether b1 was significantly 

different than 1.0 (α = 0.01).

Results

The final equation had the parameterization for C as follows.

Table 5—Existing red alder volume/taper equation site and sample characteristics

Brown Curtis et al. Kozak et al. Snell and Little Kozak 1988 &

Author 1962 1968 1969 1983 1997 (eq. 2)

Equation type Volume Taper Taper Volume Taper

Sample size 599 473 101 53 546

Sample location SW British NW Oregon to SW British NW Oregon to SW British

Columbia SW British Columbia Columbia W Washington Columbia

Stand type Natural Natural Natural Natural Natural

DBH range (in) 2–22 2–24 5–18 1–25 2.5–25

Height range (ft) 30–110 20–120 53–108 NA 27.5–122

Stump height (ft) 0 0.5 0 0 0.66

DBH = diameter at breast height.

Substituting eq. (3) into eq. (1) yields the final equation:

dib = a1DBHa2X (4)

(3)
12

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

Parameter estimates for eq. (4) are presented in table 6.

Table 6—Parameter estimated values 

and asymptotic standard errors (SE) 

for eq. (4)

Parameter Estimated value SE

a1 0.9113 0.0279

a2 1.0160 0.0105

a3 0.2623 0.0049

a4 -18.7695 1.7154

a5 3.1931 0.0894

a6 0.1631 0.0239

a7 0.4180 0.0415

SD(e) 0.2051

The R2 for the model was 0.987 with a root mean square error of 0.21 in. Tests 

on DBH/HT and CR were also highly significant (p < 0.0001). Biases in dib predictions among sample heights (i.e., measurement points), sites, and treatments were 

very small. Eq. (4) slightly underpredicted dib for 9 of the 14 measurement points 

(table 7). All but the lowermost measurement point had biases less than 0.05 in, and 

with the exception of the lowermost measurement point, SEEs were below 0.35 in. 

Range of dib biases was larger among sites than among measurement points and 

treatments, (-0.14 to 0.10 in). However, the estimates had a similar degree of precision (table 8). Among treatments, treatment five (early thinning treatment) had a dib 

bias at least twice as large as the other treatments (-0.10 in), though still quite small.

Table 7—Diameter inside bark bias and standard error of the estimate 

(SEE) by measurement point (MP) for the modeling data set

MP N Bias SEE Bias SEE

- - - - - Inches - - - - - - - - - - Percent - - - - -

0.66 ft 234 0.0604 0.5763 0.3758 6.8035

1.6 ft 234 0.0211 0.3317 0.1455 4.4077

2.6 ft 234 0.0108 0.2317 0.7440 3.3618

4.5 ft 234 0.0171 0.0667 0.2667 1.0291

10% 234 -0.0127 0.2517 -0.3158 4.3568

20% 234 -0.0426 0.2691 -0.9324 4.9411

30% 234 -0.0002 0.2910 -0.3491 5.7809

40% 234 0.0149 0.3448 -0.3376 7.7876

50% 234 0.0022 0.3402 -0.8334 9.3463

60% 234 0.0391 0.3330 -0.2787 11.5385

70% 234 0.0121 0.3018 -1.9896 15.1873

80% 234 -0.0117 0.2214 -3.9077 17.3240

90% 234 -0.0095 0.1465 -4.0839 22.7823

95% 234 0.0124 0.1220 0.5397 31.0768

 Total 3,276 0.0082 0.2937 -0.8304 13.0768
13

Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

Overall, total stem volume bias was small (0.10 ft3 or 0.8 percent). Volume 

bias patterns across site and treatment were similar to those in dib. Among sites, 

the largest volume bias was an underestimate of 0.34 ft3 (4.8 percent) per tree on 

the Shamu site. No patterns of volume bias were observed across sites with respect 

to latitude, elevation, aspect, slope, or site quality. The dib bias for treatment five 

translated into a 7.1 percent overestimation of total stem volume. Volume biases 

for all other treatments were small and ranged from -0.2 to 3.4 percent. Patterns of 

volume bias by DBH class indicated slight overestimation of volume in all classes 

except for the smallest trees (table 9). However, these biases were all very small 

ranging from -1.7 to 1.5 percent. 

The jackknife cross-validation showed that the model predicted individual 

tree dibs extremely well. The root mean square error of the predictions was 0.30 in 

(table 10) and the correlation coefficient between the observed dibs and the predicted dibs was 0.99 (data not shown). The overall bias (0.01 in) and SEE (0.30 in) 

were similar to those presented in table 7, but the patterns among sample heights 

differed.

Table 8—Diameter inside bark and total stem volume bias and standard error of the estimate (SEE) by site and 

treatment for the modeling data set

Diameter inside bark Total stem volume

Site/treatment n Bias SEE Bias SEE n Bias SEE Bias SEE

- - - - Inches - - - - - - - - Percent - - - - - - - Cubic feet - - - - - - Percent - - -

Site:

Pollard 406 -0.1374 0.3291 -4.0596 14.9613 29 -0.2225 0.4449 -4.6443 8.7605

Pioneer 364 0.0963 0.3180 1.2232 11.0261 26 0.2684 0.4767 4.7197 8.0040

Siletz 308 -0.0007 0.2253 1.7781 12.8128 22 0.0071 0.2684 0.0676 7.7846

Sitkum 420 0.0474 0.3186 -0.7638 12.1000 30 0.2472 0.6320 2.5651 7.0885

Shamu 420 0.0741 0.2666 0.9519 11.8599 30 0.3390 0.5720 4.8295 8.7689

Humphrey 420 0.0310 0.3233 -0.0155 12.6047 30 0.0847 0.7662 1.3243 8.8551

Clear Lake 266 -0.0513 0.3100 -3.0415 14.2932 19 -0.0671 0.6815 -2.5354 8.6646

Mohun 280 -0.0224 0.2878 -4.5648 16.0613 20 -0.0212 0.3249 -2.7134 9.6966

Thompson 392 0.0082 0.2577 -0.1289 13.4227 28 0.1130 0.3496 1.5741 7.2601

Treatment:

2 784 0.0067 0.3089 -0.3442 12.7945 56 0.0847 0.5438 0.0891 7.2627

3 448 -0.0234 0.2846 -2.6427 13.9298 32 0.0459 0.4520 -0.1626 7.5149

4 742 0.0045 0.2793 -2.2074 13.3848 53 0.0883 0.4484 0.8506 7.3023

5 112 -0.1041 0.3413 -2.9530 19.8988 8 -0.2013 0.7945 -7.1440 27.0678

6 574 0.0295 0.3476 1.5339 12.7709 41 0.1306 0.6250 1.4148 8.7845

8 560 0.0365 0.2430 -0.7576 11.5584 40 0.1836 0.4484 3.4561 7.5581

9 56 0.0525 0.1732 4.3884 11.6337 4 0.0671 0.0000 NA NA

 Total 3,276 0.0082 0.2937 -0.8304 13.0768 234 0.0953 0.4661 0.8236 7.2015

NA = not applicable.
14

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

Table 9—Volume prediction bias and standard error of the estimate 

(SEE) by diameter class for the modeling data set

Diameter class Number Bias SEE Bias SEE

Inches - - - Cubic feet - - - - - - - Percent - - - -

3.0–5.0 34 -0.0141 0.1695 -1.7425 8.5147

5.0–7.0 106 0.0953 0.3390 1.5478 7.7120

7.0–9.0 68 0.0989 0.4979 0.7377 6.3765

9.0–11.0 26 0.2260 1.0805 1.1451 8.7260

 Total 234 0.0953 0.4661 0.8236 7.2015

Table 10—Diameter inside bark bias and standard error of the 

estimate (SEE) by measurement point (MP) using the jackknife 

validation approach

MP Number Bias SEE Bias SEE

- - - - Inches - - - - - - - - Percent - - - -

0.66 ft 234 0.0165 0.1190 1.7829 30.2212

1.6 ft 234 -0.0047 0.1424 -3.2881 21.9128

2.6 ft 234 -0.0078 0.2220 -3.5835 17.2826

4.5 ft 234 0.0140 0.3065 -1.8635 15.3013

10% 234 0.0392 0.3393 -0.2548 11.7193

20% 234 0.0010 0.3458 -0.8591 9.4823

30% 234 0.0131 0.3493 -0.3876 7.8868

40% 234 -0.0019 0.2943 -0.4042 5.8470

50% 234 -0.0437 0.2712 -0.9794 4.9877

60% 234 -0.0125 0.2528 -0.3443 4.3766

70% 234 0.0181 0.0686 0.2495 1.0430

80% 234 0.0122 0.2337 0.0618 3.3841

90% 234 0.0250 0.3345 0.1478 4.4379

95% 234 0.0670 0.5802 0.4262 6.8264

 Total 3,276 0.0097 0.2965 -0.6640 12.8363

An assessment of eq. (4) on the two evaluation data sets indicated the 

predictions obtained here were less biased than the other published red alder 

equations (table 11). The equation predicted total stem volume of the plantation 

trees better than other published equations, with b1 not significantly different than 

1.0 (p < 0.076). Eq. (4) also showed a fairly good ability to extrapolate to natural 

stands with larger tree sizes (b1 in eq. (2) was significantly different than 1.0, 

p = 0.002). Surprisingly, these predictions for natural stands were superior to 

the other published equations with the exception of Kozak’s (1988) variable 

exponent equation.
15

Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

Tables of estimated stem volume are given in appendixes A, B, and D. Volumes 

were calculated by numerically integrating eq. (4) and applying Newton’s formula 

between a stump height of 0.5 ft and tree tip (app. A), a 5-in top diameter (app. B), 

and crown base (app. D). Tables of estimated merchantable height to a 5-in top are 

given in appendix C. Merchantable heights were calculated by algebraically solving 

eq. (4) for Z (Kozak 1988) and iteratively solving for the height to a 5-in diameter 

outside bark. Tables of estimated diameter outside bark at crown base are given in 

appendix E. Diameters were estimated by eq. (4) where h = height to crown base 

and applying a locally derived bark factor equation to convert inside bark diameter 

to outside bark diameter.

Discussion

Overall, biases and standard errors of bias in predicting dib and volume were very 

small. These values were comparable and oftentimes lower than those reported 

elsewhere in the literature (Garber and Maguire 2003; Kozak et al. 1969; Kozak 

1988, 1997; Muhairwe et al. 1994). Bias patterns among sample heights indicated 

that the observed stem profiles were slightly more neiloid in shape below DBH than 

eq. (4) predicted (as indicated by positive values). There were no strong patterns in 

bias above breast height.

The results presented here show that the shape of the stem profile varied more 

by site than by treatment. Subtle variations in tree stem profile have been shown 

among climate variables for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) (Morris and 

Forslund 1992). Lester and DeBell (1989) found significant and consistent differences in diameter, height, bole volume, and aboveground biomass across 10 red 

alder provenances suggesting possible differences in the shape of the stem profile. 

Table 11—Model fit statistics across all existing models for the modeling data set, and independent plantation 

and natural stand data sets

Modeling data set Plantation Natural

Model b1 SE(b1) RMSE b1 SE(b1) RMSE b1 SE(b1) RMSE

Browne 1962 0.9605 0.0042 0.0406 0.9621 0.0136 0.0469 0.9514 0.0136 0.0625

Curtis et al. 1968 0.9522 0.0044 0.0424 0.9385 0.0138 0.0478 0.9466 0.0238 0.1090

Kozak et al. 1969 0.9750 0.0047 0.0453 0.9727 0.0143 0.0489 0.9662 0.0153 0.0694

Snell and Little 1983 0.7199 0.0090 0.0930 0.6092 0.0371 0.1443 0.8824 0.0468 0.2212

Kozak 1988 1.0165 0.0051 0.0479 1.0146 0.0155 0.0526 1.0151 0.0164 0.0737

Kozak 1997; equation 2 1.1670 0.0065 0.0594 1.0678 0.0365 0.1222 1.0935 0.0231 0.1019

Equation 4 1.0156 0.0046 0.0433 0.9805 0.0133 0.0455 1.0448 0.0148 0.0663

b1 = the coefficient obtained for the regression performed in eq. 2.

SE(b1) = standard error of b1.

RMSE = root mean square error.
16

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

Provenances from northern Washington were consistently biggest and provenances 

from the edges (both northerly and easterly) consistently smallest. However, in this 

study, no patterns with latitude, elevation, precipitation, etc. were evident. In fact 

two sites (Pioneer and Pollard) close in geographical location and on similar sites 

exhibited opposite dib and volume biases. It is likely that differences in stem profile 

across sites are a combination of genetic, site, and climatic factors. More research 

is needed to determine the effects of genetics and specific site and environmental 

features on the stem profile. 

Management activities such as initial planting density, pruning, and thinning 

have a direct effect on stand conditions, and these different conditions have been 

shown to affect stem shape of many species (Garber and Maguire 2003; Hilt and 

Dale 1979; Larson 1963, 1965; Lennette 1999; Valenti and Cao 1986a). Although the 

effect of treatment on stem profile was not explicitly tested, small dib and volume 

biases among treatments suggest that tree variables, namely DBH/HT and CR, 

adequately accounted for variation in stem profile among treatments. Most of this 

variation was the result of changes in diameter and height growth, the distribution 

of the live crown, and the length of the branch-free bole (Larson 1963). Incorporating DBH/HT and CR into the final model enabled accurate volume predictions 

across the wide range of management activities and stand conditions found in the 

modeling and the independent datasets.

As the DBH/HT increased, stem profiles changed from a more parabolic to 

neiloidic shape, respectively (fig. 3A). This has been well documented in the taper 

literature, as diameter and height have traditionally been used as shape variables 

in taper equations (Curtis et al. 1968). These variables represent the accumulation 

of growth and therefore describe a large portion of stem development over time. 

In plantation-grown red alder, this effect seems to be primarily manifested in 

the upper half of the stem. Crown ratio (CR), however, has been a less appealing 

covariate in stem profile modeling because of its paucity in some databases and 

its static nature. Moreover, despite marked differences in stem profile observed 

for trees of a given DBH/HT but different crown lengths (Larson 1963), previous 

work has demonstrated mixed results when incorporating CR into taper equations. Among several studies of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), incorporating CR 

produced substantial (Valenti and Cao 1986b), slight (Leites and Robinson 2004), 

or no (Burkhart and Walton 1985) improvement in model performance. In a study 

of several species in British Columbia, Muhairwe et al. (1994) detected minor 

improvements in taper estimates but concluded they were minimal and not justifiable. However, substantial improvements in taper estimates by including CR have 

been reported in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the Pacific 
17

Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

Figure 3— Predicted stem profiles for three trees of (A) identical height (65 ft) and crown ratio (0.5) 

with diameters of 5.0, 8.0, and 11.0 in, and (B) identical diameter (8.0 in) and height (65 ft) with 

crown ratios of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0.

Northwest (Walters and Hann 1986). This ambiguity may be due to the correlation 

between DBH/HT and CR. In this study, although CR was highly significant, its 

contribution to the model was fairly subtle. Whereas the effect of DBH/HT was primarily manifested in the upper half of the stem, the slight effect of CR was detected 

throughout the stem, although primarily in the middle portion (fig. 3B). For a given 

DBH/HT, smaller and larger crown ratios resulted in a more parabolic and neiloidic 

stem shape, respectively. The expression of these two covariates may be due to the 

differences in stand development between the thinned and unthinned stands. The 

utility of CR as a covariate in taper equations may increase in stands spanning a 

wide range of silvicultural treatments.

There are implications of eq. (4) on merchantable height and volume. For a 

given HT and CR, an increase in DBH from 6 to 12 in results in an asymptotic 

increase in merchantable height to a 5-in top of 20.2 to 42.6 ft (fig. 4). Likewise, 
18

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

Figure 4— Effect of diameter on total stem volume (ft3), merchantable stem volume (ft3), and 

merchantable height (ft) for a tree 65 ft tall with a crown ratio of 0.5. Minimum top diameter is 

5.0 in outside bark and stump height is 0.5 ft.

total stem volume increases from 5.4 to 20.2 ft3, and merchantable volume (0.5-ft 

stump to a 5-in top) increases from 3.2 to 19.4 ft3 (59 to 96 percent of total stem 

volume, respectively). In contrast, for a given DBH/HT, an increase in CR results 

in less stem volume (fig. 5). For instance, a change in CR of 0.1 to 0.5 results in a 

reduction in total stem volume and merchantable volume of approximately 7 percent. A change in CR of 0.5 to 0.9 results in a volume reduction of only 3 percent. 

The same pattern also applies to merchantable height. Using the above example, a 

change in CR of 0.1 to 0.5 reduces merchantable height 2.7 ft, whereas a change in 

CR of 0.5 to 0.9 reduces merchantable height 1.0 ft. Therefore, given the discreet 

log lengths used in log manufacturing, incorporating CR in the model will provide 

an improved assessment of what products can be obtained from a given tree or 

stand of trees.

As expected, the previously published red alder equations did not perform 

well in predicting volume for trees grown in plantations. Four models consistently 
19

Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

overpredicted tree volume (Browne 1962, Curtis et al. 1968, Kozak et al. 1969, Snell 

and Little 1983) and two models slightly underpredicted the volume (Kozak 1988 

and 1997; eq. 2) of plantation-grown trees in both the modeling and evaluation data 

sets. This is consistent with the hypothesis that differences in tree growth (DeBell 

and Harrington 2002) and potentially stem profile shape between natural and planted 

stands would lead to an error in volume estimation. The consistent overprediction 

of the existing models can be explained by the early stand conditions of natural red 

alder and its effect on CR. Natural stands typically regenerate with densities vastly 

greater than that found in plantations (Harrington 1990). Interspecific competition 

(and thus crown closure) occurs very early, so, typically, natural trees of the same 

age as plantation-grown trees have a much lower CR. For a given DBH and HT, trees 

with a lower CR have more volume, and thus the over-prediction of volume from 

existing equations based on natural stand data.

Figure 5— Effect of crown ratio on total stem volume (ft3), merchantable stem volume (ft3), and 

merchantable height (ft) for a tree 8.0 in diameter at breast height and 65 ft tall. Minimum top 

diameter is 5.0 in outside bark and stump height is 0.5 ft.
20

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

The use of both evaluation data sets (plantations and natural stands) provided 

an assessment of how well eq. (4) predicted total stem volume of (1) plantation 

trees outside (generally larger than) the range of the modeling data set, and (2) trees 

grown in natural stands. The final model provided better predictions than existing models in plantations and was surprisingly comparable to Kozak’s (1988) for 

natural stands. Testing the equation on larger trees would have been desirable, but 

larger plantation-grown tree data do not exist.

Equation Application

Equation 4 can be used to directly predict dib anywhere along the stem. Cursory 

analysis suggested that the bark factor was similar along the entire stem, so DOB 

can be predicted anywhere along the stem by solving eq. 4 without coefficients a1

and a2.

Since eq. 4 cannot be integrated analytically, inside bark volume between any 

two points along the stem must be determined numerically. This is done by dividing 

the stem into sections (i.e., frustums of a paraboloid about 10 cm or less depending 

on computing speed desired) and summing the volume of these sections. Volumes 

of these sections are usually determined by using Huber’s, Newton’s, or Smalian’s 

formulas (Husch et al. 1982). These formulae can then be used to compute the total 

volume of a stem, the volume of the merchantable part of the stem from a given 

stump height to a given top diameter, or the volumes of logs of a given length, etc.

Height to a desired dib must also be determined numerically as a closed form 

does not exist. This is done by rearranging eq. 4:

(5)

where C is defined in eq. 3, a1 and a2 are given in table 6, and all other variables are 

described in the “Model Development” section above. In eq. 5 above, dib is set to 

the desired top diameter and C is calculated based on a starting value for Z, say Z0. 

A second estimate of Z is then determined via eq. 5, call it Z1. The next value of Z

used to estimate C is then determined by:
21

Taper Equation and Volume Tables for Plantation-Grown Red Alder

The above procedure is repeated until a certain precision is obtained. That is, 

|Z1 – Z2| < precision criterion. A good starting precision criteria could be 

1 - dib/DBH. To obtain height to a given DOB, eq. 5 can be reformulated 

without the coefficients a1 and a2.

If using metric units, the value 1.364409 is omitted from eq. 4 and a new 

parameter estimate (-1.31631) is substituted for parameter a5.

For datasets without CR, the same procedures can be followed using the 

red alder taper equation presented in Hibbs et al. 2007.

Conclusion

The taper equation used to predict stem volume of plantation-grown red alder 

developed in this study compares very favorably to existing red alder equations. 

This equation has several advantages that warrant its use. Unlike volume equations, which only estimate total or merchantable stem volume, taper equations can 

provide these estimates as well as merchantable height (to any diameter), individual 

log diameters, and volumes to any length. The merchantability standards (minimum log diameter, log length, etc.) are flexible and can be altered to meet different 

management needs. The model presented here predicted dib and volumes extremely 

well; it yielded better estimates of diameters and volumes than existing equations, 

extrapolated very well to tree sizes outside the range of data (for both managed and 

unmanaged stands), and is therefore an improvement over previously published 

equations. 

Acknowledgments

We thank the following people and organizations for their contributions to this 

research:

Doug Maguire, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University; Connie 

Harrington, Leslie Brodie, and David Marshall, PNW Research Station Olympia, 

WA; Robert Deal, PNW Research Station Portland, OR; Paul Courtin and George 

Harper, BC Ministry of Forests; Glenn Ahrens, Oregon State University Extension 

Service; David Walters, Roseburg Resources.
22

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-735

Metric Equivalents

When you know: Multiply by: To find:

Inches (in) 2.540 Centimeters (cm)

Feet (ft) 0.305 Meters (m)

Miles (mi) 1.609 Kilometers (km)

Trees per acre (tpa) 2.471 Trees per hectare (tph)

Acres (ac) 0.405 Hectares (ha)

Cubic feet (ft3) 0.028 Cubic meters (m3)

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26

Appendix A: 

Total Stem Volume

Table A-1—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.1

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.15 0.19 0.23 0.28 0.32 0.37 0.42 0.47 0.51 0.56 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.34 0.42 0.52 0.62 0.72 0.83 0.93 1.04 1.14 1.25 1.36 1.46 1.57 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.62 0.74 0.91 1.08 1.27 1.45 1.64 1.82 2.01 2.20 2.39 2.58 2.77 2.96 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.15 1.40 1.68 1.96 2.24 2.53 2.82 3.11 3.40 3.70 3.99 4.28 4.58 4.87 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 2.00 2.39 2.79 3.20 3.61 4.02 4.44 4.85 5.27 5.69 6.11 6.54 6.96 7.38 — — — — — — —7 — — — 3.23 3.77 4.31 4.87 5.43 5.99 6.55 7.12 7.69 8.25 8.82 9.40 9.97 10.54 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.88 5.59 6.31 7.03 7.76 8.49 9.22 9.96 10.70 11.44 12.18 12.93 13.67 14.42 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 7.02 7.92 8.83 9.75 10.67 11.59 12.52 13.45 14.38 15.31 16.25 17.19 18.13 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 9.71 10.82 11.95 13.07 14.21 15.35 16.49 17.63 18.78 19.93 21.09 22.24 23.40 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 13.01 14.36 15.71 17.08 18.45 19.82 21.20 22.58 23.97 25.36 26.75 28.15 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 16.98 18.58 20.20 21.82 23.44 25.08 26.71 28.36 30.00 31.65 33.31 34.96 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 19.80 21.68 23.56 25.45 27.35 29.26 31.17 33.09 35.01 36.94 38.87 40.81 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 24.99 27.17 29.35 31.54 33.74 35.95 38.17 40.39 42.62 44.85 47.09 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 28.53 31.02 33.51 36.02 38.53 41.05 43.59 46.12 48.67 51.22 53.78 56.34 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 35.10 37.93 40.76 43.61 46.47 49.34 52.22 55.10 58.00 60.89 63.80 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 39.43 42.60 45.79 48.99 52.20 55.43 58.66 61.91 65.16 68.42 71.69 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 43.98 47.53 51.08 54.66 58.25 61.85 65.46 69.08 72.72 76.36 80.01 83.67 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 52.70 56.65 60.62 64.60 68.59 72.60 76.63 80.66 84.70 88.76 92.82 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 58.13 62.49 66.86 71.26 75.67 80.09 84.53 88.99 93.45 97.93 102.42 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 63.81 68.59 73.39 78.22 83.06 87.93 92.80 97.70 102.60 107.52 112.46 117.40

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 74.95 80.21 85.48 90.78 96.10 101.43 106.78 112.15 117.53 122.93 128.34

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 81.58 87.30 93.05 98.82 104.61 110.42 116.25 122.09 127.96 133.84 139.73

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 88.48 94.68 100.91 107.17 113.45 119.76 126.08 132.43 138.79 145.17 151.57

DBH = diameter at breast height.
27

Table A-2—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.2

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.15 0.18 0.23 0.27 0.32 0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51 0.55 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.34 0.41 0.50 0.60 0.71 0.81 0.91 1.02 1.12 1.23 1.33 1.44 1.54 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.61 0.72 0.89 1.06 1.24 1.42 1.60 1.78 1.97 2.15 2.34 2.52 2.71 2.90 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.12 1.37 1.63 1.91 2.19 2.47 2.75 3.04 3.32 3.61 3.90 4.19 4.48 4.77 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 1.95 2.33 2.72 3.11 3.51 3.92 4.33 4.73 5.14 5.56 5.97 6.38 6.80 7.21 — — — — — — —7 — — — 3.14 3.66 4.19 4.73 5.28 5.83 6.38 6.93 7.49 8.05 8.61 9.17 9.73 10.29 — — — — — —8 — — — — 4.74 5.43 6.13 6.83 7.54 8.26 8.98 9.70 10.42 11.15 11.87 12.60 13.34 14.07 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.81 7.69 8.57 9.46 10.36 11.26 12.17 13.08 13.99 14.91 15.83 16.75 17.67 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 9.41 10.50 11.59 12.69 13.80 14.91 16.02 17.14 18.27 19.39 20.52 21.66 22.79 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 12.60 13.92 15.24 16.57 17.90 19.24 20.59 21.94 23.30 24.66 26.02 27.39 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 16.44 18.01 19.58 21.16 22.74 24.34 25.94 27.54 29.15 30.76 32.38 34.00 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 19.17 20.99 22.82 24.66 26.51 28.37 30.24 32.11 33.99 35.88 37.77 39.66 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 24.18 26.30 28.42 30.56 32.70 34.85 37.01 39.18 41.36 43.54 45.73 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 27.59 30.00 32.43 34.86 37.31 39.77 42.24 44.72 47.20 49.69 52.19 54.70 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 33.93 36.68 39.44 42.21 44.99 47.79 50.59 53.40 56.23 59.06 61.90 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 38.09 41.17 44.27 47.38 50.51 53.65 56.80 59.96 63.14 66.32 69.51 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 42.47 45.91 49.36 52.84 56.32 59.83 63.35 66.88 70.42 73.97 77.53 81.10 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 50.88 54.71 58.56 62.43 66.32 70.22 74.14 78.07 82.01 85.96 89.93 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 56.10 60.32 64.57 68.83 73.12 77.42 81.74 86.08 90.43 94.79 99.17 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 61.54 66.18 70.84 75.52 80.23 84.95 89.70 94.46 99.23 104.03 108.83 113.65

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 72.29 77.38 82.50 87.64 92.81 97.99 103.19 108.42 113.66 118.91 124.18

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 78.65 84.19 89.76 95.36 100.98 106.62 112.29 117.97 123.68 129.40 135.14

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 85.26 91.27 97.31 103.37 109.47 115.59 121.74 127.90 134.09 140.30 146.53

DBH = diameter at breast height.
28

Table A-3—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.3

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.27 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.45 0.50 0.55 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

3 0.34 0.41 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.11 1.21 1.32 1.42 1.52 — — — — — — — — — —

4 0.61 0.71 0.87 1.04 1.22 1.40 1.58 1.76 1.94 2.12 2.31 2.49 2.67 2.86 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.11 1.35 1.61 1.88 2.15 2.43 2.71 2.99 3.27 3.56 3.84 4.13 4.42 4.70 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 1.92 2.29 2.67 3.06 3.46 3.85 4.26 4.66 5.06 5.47 5.88 6.29 6.70 7.11 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 3.08 3.60 4.12 4.65 5.19 5.73 6.27 6.82 7.37 7.92 8.47 9.03 9.58 10.14 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.65 5.33 6.02 6.71 7.41 8.11 8.82 9.53 10.25 10.96 11.68 12.40 13.13 13.85 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.68 7.54 8.41 9.29 10.18 11.06 11.96 12.85 13.76 14.66 15.57 16.47 17.39 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 9.23 10.30 11.37 12.45 13.54 14.64 15.74 16.84 17.95 19.06 20.18 21.29 22.42 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 12.36 13.65 14.95 16.26 17.57 18.89 20.22 21.55 22.89 24.23 25.57 26.92 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 16.12 17.65 19.20 20.75 22.32 23.88 25.46 27.04 28.63 30.22 31.82 33.42 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 18.78 20.57 22.37 24.18 26.00 27.83 29.67 31.52 33.37 35.23 37.09 38.96 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 23.69 25.77 27.86 29.95 32.06 34.18 36.31 38.45 40.59 42.74 44.89 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 27.02 29.39 31.77 34.16 36.57 38.99 41.42 43.86 46.30 48.76 51.22 53.69 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 33.23 35.92 38.63 41.35 44.09 46.84 49.60 52.37 55.15 57.94 60.73 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 37.29 40.31 43.35 46.41 49.48 52.57 55.67 58.78 61.90 65.03 68.18 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 41.56 44.93 48.32 51.73 55.16 58.60 62.06 65.53 69.02 72.51 76.02 79.54 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 49.79 53.55 57.32 61.12 64.94 68.78 72.62 76.49 80.37 84.26 88.16 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 54.87 59.02 63.18 67.37 71.58 75.81 80.05 84.32 88.59 92.88 97.19 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 60.19 64.73 69.30 73.90 78.52 83.16 87.82 92.49 97.19 101.90 106.63 111.37

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 70.69 75.68 80.70 85.75 90.82 95.91 101.02 106.15 111.30 116.47 121.65

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 76.89 82.32 87.78 93.27 98.79 104.33 109.89 115.48 121.09 126.71 132.35

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 83.33 89.22 95.14 101.09 107.07 113.08 119.11 125.17 131.25 137.35 143.47

DBH = diameter at breast height.
29

Table A-4—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.4

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.27 0.31 0.36 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.54 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.34 0.40 0.49 0.59 0.69 0.79 0.89 0.99 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.41 1.51 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.60 0.71 0.86 1.03 1.20 1.38 1.56 1.74 1.92 2.10 2.28 2.47 2.65 2.83 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.10 1.33 1.59 1.86 2.13 2.40 2.68 2.96 3.24 3.52 3.80 4.09 4.37 4.65 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 1.90 2.26 2.64 3.02 3.41 3.81 4.21 4.60 5.01 5.41 5.81 6.22 6.63 7.03 — — — — — — —7 — — — 3.04 3.55 4.07 4.59 5.12 5.66 6.20 6.74 7.28 7.83 8.38 8.93 9.48 10.03 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.59 5.26 5.94 6.62 7.31 8.01 8.71 9.41 10.12 10.83 11.54 12.26 12.97 13.69 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.59 7.44 8.30 9.17 10.04 10.92 11.80 12.69 13.58 14.48 15.37 16.27 17.18 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 9.10 10.15 11.22 12.28 13.36 14.44 15.53 16.62 17.72 18.82 19.92 21.03 22.14 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 12.18 13.46 14.74 16.03 17.33 18.64 19.95 21.27 22.59 23.92 25.25 26.58 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.89 17.40 18.93 20.46 22.00 23.56 25.11 26.68 28.25 29.82 31.40 32.99 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 18.50 20.27 22.05 23.83 25.63 27.44 29.26 31.08 32.91 34.75 36.59 38.44 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 23.34 25.39 27.45 29.52 31.60 33.70 35.80 37.91 40.03 42.15 44.29 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 26.61 28.94 31.29 33.66 36.04 38.42 40.82 43.23 45.65 48.08 50.51 52.96 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 32.72 35.38 38.05 40.74 43.44 46.15 48.88 51.62 54.36 57.12 59.88 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 36.71 39.69 42.69 45.71 48.74 51.79 54.85 57.92 61.01 64.10 67.21 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 40.91 44.23 47.57 50.94 54.32 57.72 61.13 64.56 68.00 71.45 74.92 78.40 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 49.00 52.70 56.43 60.18 63.95 67.73 71.53 75.35 79.18 83.02 86.87 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 53.99 58.08 62.18 66.31 70.47 74.64 78.83 83.04 87.26 91.50 95.75 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 59.21 63.69 68.19 72.73 77.28 81.86 86.46 91.07 95.71 100.36 105.03 109.71

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 69.54 74.46 79.41 84.38 89.38 94.41 99.45 104.51 109.60 114.70 119.82

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 75.63 80.98 86.36 91.77 97.21 102.68 108.17 113.68 119.21 124.76 130.33

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 81.95 87.75 93.58 99.45 105.34 111.27 117.22 123.19 129.19 135.21 141.25

DBH = diameter at breast height.
30

Table A-5—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.5

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.31 0.36 0.40 0.45 0.49 0.54 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.34 0.40 0.49 0.58 0.68 0.78 0.88 0.99 1.09 1.19 1.29 1.40 1.50 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.60 0.70 0.86 1.02 1.19 1.37 1.55 1.72 1.90 2.08 2.26 2.45 2.63 2.81 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.09 1.32 1.57 1.84 2.11 2.38 2.65 2.93 3.21 3.49 3.77 4.05 4.33 4.62 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 1.88 2.24 2.61 2.99 3.38 3.77 4.17 4.56 4.96 5.36 5.76 6.16 6.57 6.97 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 3.01 3.51 4.03 4.55 5.07 5.60 6.14 6.67 7.21 7.75 8.30 8.84 9.39 9.94 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.54 5.20 5.87 6.55 7.24 7.93 8.62 9.32 10.02 10.73 11.43 12.14 12.85 13.57 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.52 7.36 8.21 9.07 9.93 10.80 11.68 12.56 13.44 14.33 15.22 16.12 17.01 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 9.00 10.04 11.09 12.15 13.22 14.29 15.37 16.45 17.54 18.63 19.72 20.82 21.92 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 12.04 13.30 14.57 15.85 17.14 18.43 19.73 21.04 22.35 23.67 24.99 26.31 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.70 17.20 18.71 20.23 21.76 23.30 24.84 26.39 27.95 29.51 31.07 32.64 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 18.29 20.03 21.79 23.56 25.34 27.13 28.93 30.74 32.55 34.37 36.20 38.03 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 23.06 25.09 27.12 29.18 31.24 33.31 35.40 37.49 39.59 41.69 43.81 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 26.29 28.60 30.92 33.26 35.61 37.98 40.35 42.74 45.14 47.54 49.95 52.38 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 32.32 34.95 37.59 40.25 42.93 45.61 48.31 51.02 53.75 56.48 59.22 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 36.25 39.20 42.17 45.15 48.15 51.17 54.20 57.24 60.30 63.37 66.44 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 40.40 43.68 46.99 50.31 53.66 57.02 60.40 63.79 67.20 70.62 74.05 77.50 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 48.38 52.04 55.73 59.44 63.16 66.91 70.67 74.45 78.24 82.04 85.86 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 53.31 57.34 61.40 65.49 69.59 73.72 77.87 82.03 86.21 90.41 94.62 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 58.45 62.87 67.33 71.81 76.31 80.84 85.39 89.96 94.54 99.15 103.77 108.41

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 68.64 73.50 78.39 83.31 88.26 93.23 98.22 103.23 108.26 113.31 118.38

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 74.64 79.93 85.25 90.60 95.97 101.38 106.81 112.26 117.74 123.23 128.74

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 80.87 86.60 92.36 98.16 103.99 109.85 115.73 121.64 127.58 133.53 139.51

DBH = diameter at breast height.
31

Table A-6—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.6

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.31 0.35 0.40 0.44 0.49 0.54 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.34 0.40 0.49 0.58 0.68 0.78 0.88 0.98 1.08 1.18 1.29 1.39 1.49 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.60 0.70 0.85 1.01 1.18 1.36 1.53 1.71 1.89 2.07 2.25 2.43 2.61 2.79 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.08 1.31 1.56 1.82 2.09 2.36 2.63 2.91 3.19 3.46 3.74 4.02 4.30 4.58 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 1.87 2.22 2.59 2.97 3.35 3.74 4.13 4.53 4.92 5.32 5.72 6.12 6.52 6.92 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 2.99 3.48 3.99 4.51 5.03 5.56 6.09 6.62 7.15 7.69 8.23 8.77 9.32 9.86 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.50 5.16 5.82 6.50 7.18 7.86 8.55 9.24 9.94 10.64 11.34 12.04 12.75 13.46 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.46 7.29 8.14 8.99 9.85 10.71 11.58 12.45 13.33 14.21 15.10 15.98 16.87 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.92 9.95 10.99 12.04 13.10 14.16 15.23 16.30 17.38 18.47 19.56 20.65 21.74 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.93 13.18 14.44 15.71 16.98 18.27 19.56 20.85 22.15 23.46 24.77 26.09 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.55 17.04 18.53 20.04 21.56 23.08 24.61 26.15 27.70 29.25 30.80 32.36 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 18.11 19.84 21.58 23.33 25.10 26.88 28.66 30.46 32.26 34.06 35.88 37.70 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.83 24.84 26.86 28.89 30.94 33.00 35.06 37.14 39.22 41.31 43.41 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 26.02 28.31 30.61 32.93 35.27 37.61 39.97 42.33 44.71 47.10 49.49 51.89 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 31.99 34.59 37.22 39.85 42.50 45.17 47.85 50.53 53.23 55.94 58.66 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 35.88 38.80 41.74 44.70 47.67 50.66 53.67 56.69 59.72 62.76 65.81 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 39.97 43.23 46.50 49.80 53.11 56.45 59.80 63.16 66.54 69.93 73.34 76.75 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.87 51.50 55.15 58.83 62.52 66.23 69.96 73.70 77.46 81.24 85.03 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 52.74 56.74 60.76 64.81 68.88 72.97 77.08 81.20 85.35 89.51 93.69 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 57.82 62.20 66.61 71.05 75.51 80.00 84.51 89.04 93.58 98.15 102.73 107.33

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 67.90 72.72 77.56 82.43 87.33 92.25 97.20 102.17 107.15 112.16 117.18

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 73.83 79.06 84.33 89.63 94.96 100.31 105.69 111.09 116.52 121.97 127.43

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 79.99 85.65 91.36 97.10 102.87 108.68 114.51 120.36 126.24 132.15 138.08

DBH = diameter at breast height.
32

Table A-7—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.7

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.31 0.35 0.40 0.44 0.49 0.53 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.34 0.40 0.48 0.58 0.67 0.77 0.87 0.97 1.08 1.18 1.28 1.38 1.48 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.60 0.69 0.84 1.01 1.18 1.35 1.52 1.70 1.88 2.06 2.24 2.42 2.60 2.78 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.08 1.30 1.55 1.81 2.08 2.34 2.62 2.89 3.16 3.44 3.72 4.00 4.28 4.56 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 1.85 2.20 2.57 2.95 3.33 3.71 4.10 4.49 4.89 5.28 5.68 6.08 6.48 6.88 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 2.97 3.46 3.96 4.47 4.99 5.52 6.04 6.57 7.10 7.64 8.18 8.72 9.26 9.80 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.47 5.12 5.78 6.45 7.12 7.80 8.49 9.18 9.87 10.56 11.26 11.96 12.66 13.37 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.41 7.24 8.07 8.92 9.77 10.63 11.49 12.36 13.23 14.11 14.99 15.87 16.76 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.85 9.87 10.90 11.94 12.99 14.05 15.11 16.18 17.25 18.33 19.41 20.50 21.59 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.83 13.07 14.32 15.58 16.85 18.12 19.40 20.69 21.99 23.29 24.59 25.90 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.42 16.90 18.38 19.88 21.38 22.90 24.42 25.95 27.48 29.02 30.57 32.12 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.95 19.67 21.40 23.14 24.90 26.66 28.43 30.21 32.00 33.80 35.60 37.41 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.64 24.63 26.63 28.65 30.68 32.73 34.78 36.84 38.91 40.98 43.07 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 25.80 28.07 30.35 32.65 34.97 37.30 39.64 41.99 44.35 46.72 49.10 51.48 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 31.71 34.29 36.89 39.51 42.14 44.79 47.45 50.12 52.80 55.49 58.19 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 35.56 38.46 41.37 44.31 47.26 50.23 53.21 56.21 59.22 62.24 65.27 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 39.62 42.84 46.09 49.36 52.65 55.96 59.28 62.62 65.98 69.35 72.73 76.12 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.44 51.04 54.66 58.31 61.97 65.65 69.35 73.07 76.80 80.55 84.31 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 52.26 56.22 60.21 64.23 68.26 72.32 76.40 80.50 84.61 88.74 92.89 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 57.29 61.63 66.01 70.41 74.84 79.29 83.76 88.25 92.77 97.30 101.85 106.41

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 67.27 72.05 76.85 81.68 86.54 91.43 96.33 101.26 106.21 111.18 116.17

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 73.14 78.33 83.55 88.81 94.09 99.40 104.74 110.10 115.49 120.89 126.32

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 79.23 84.85 90.51 96.20 101.93 107.68 113.47 119.28 125.11 130.97 136.85

DBH = diameter at breast height.
33

Table A-8—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.8

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.30 0.35 0.39 0.44 0.49 0.53 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.34 0.39 0.48 0.57 0.67 0.77 0.87 0.97 1.07 1.17 1.27 1.38 1.48 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.60 0.69 0.84 1.00 1.17 1.34 1.52 1.69 1.87 2.05 2.22 2.40 2.58 2.76 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.07 1.29 1.54 1.80 2.06 2.33 2.60 2.87 3.15 3.42 3.70 3.98 4.25 4.53 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 1.84 2.19 2.56 2.93 3.31 3.69 4.08 4.47 4.86 5.25 5.65 6.04 6.44 6.84 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 2.95 3.44 3.94 4.45 4.96 5.48 6.00 6.53 7.06 7.59 8.13 8.66 9.20 9.74 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.44 5.08 5.74 6.40 7.07 7.75 8.43 9.12 9.81 10.50 11.19 11.89 12.59 13.29 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.37 7.19 8.02 8.86 9.70 10.56 11.42 12.28 13.15 14.02 14.89 15.77 16.65 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.78 9.80 10.83 11.86 12.91 13.96 15.01 16.07 17.14 18.21 19.29 20.37 21.45 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.75 12.98 14.22 15.47 16.73 18.00 19.27 20.55 21.84 23.13 24.43 25.73 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.31 16.77 18.25 19.74 21.23 22.74 24.25 25.77 27.30 28.83 30.37 31.91 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.82 19.52 21.24 22.97 24.72 26.47 28.23 30.00 31.78 33.57 35.36 37.16 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.47 24.45 26.44 28.44 30.46 32.49 34.53 36.58 38.63 40.70 42.77 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 25.60 27.85 30.12 32.41 34.71 37.02 39.35 41.68 44.03 46.39 48.75 51.13 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 31.47 34.03 36.62 39.21 41.83 44.46 47.10 49.75 52.42 55.09 57.78 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 35.29 38.16 41.06 43.97 46.90 49.85 52.82 55.79 58.78 61.79 64.80 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 39.31 42.51 45.73 48.98 52.25 55.53 58.83 62.15 65.49 68.83 72.19 75.57 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.07 50.64 54.23 57.85 61.49 65.15 68.83 72.52 76.23 79.95 83.69 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 51.84 55.78 59.74 63.72 67.73 71.76 75.81 79.88 83.97 88.07 92.19 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 56.83 61.14 65.48 69.85 74.24 78.66 83.11 87.57 92.05 96.56 101.08 105.61

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 66.73 71.47 76.24 81.03 85.86 90.71 95.58 100.48 105.39 110.33 115.28

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 72.54 77.69 82.88 88.09 93.34 98.61 103.91 109.24 114.58 119.95 125.34

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 78.58 84.16 89.77 95.42 101.10 106.82 112.56 118.33 124.13 129.94 135.79

DBH = diameter at breast height.
34

Table A-9—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.9

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.30 0.35 0.39 0.44 0.48 0.53 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.34 0.39 0.48 0.57 0.67 0.77 0.87 0.97 1.07 1.17 1.27 1.37 1.47 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.60 0.69 0.84 1.00 1.16 1.34 1.51 1.68 1.86 2.04 2.21 2.39 2.57 2.75 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.07 1.29 1.53 1.79 2.05 2.32 2.59 2.86 3.13 3.40 3.68 3.96 4.23 4.51 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 1.83 2.18 2.54 2.91 3.29 3.67 4.06 4.44 4.83 5.23 5.62 6.01 6.41 6.81 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 2.93 3.42 3.91 4.42 4.93 5.45 5.97 6.49 7.02 7.55 8.08 8.62 9.16 9.69 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.41 5.05 5.70 6.37 7.03 7.71 8.38 9.07 9.75 10.44 11.13 11.82 12.52 13.22 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.33 7.14 7.97 8.80 9.65 10.50 11.35 12.21 13.07 13.94 14.81 15.68 16.56 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.73 9.74 10.76 11.79 12.83 13.87 14.92 15.98 17.04 18.11 19.18 20.25 21.33 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.67 12.90 14.13 15.37 16.63 17.89 19.15 20.43 21.71 22.99 24.28 25.58 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.21 16.67 18.13 19.61 21.10 22.60 24.10 25.61 27.13 28.65 30.18 31.72 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.70 19.40 21.10 22.83 24.56 26.30 28.05 29.81 31.58 33.36 35.14 36.93 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.32 24.28 26.26 28.26 30.26 32.28 34.31 36.35 38.39 40.45 42.51 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 25.43 27.67 29.92 32.19 34.48 36.78 39.09 41.42 43.75 46.09 48.45 50.81 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 31.25 33.80 36.37 38.95 41.55 44.16 46.79 49.43 52.08 54.74 57.41 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 35.04 37.90 40.78 43.67 46.59 49.52 52.47 55.43 58.40 61.38 64.38 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 39.03 42.21 45.42 48.64 51.89 55.15 58.44 61.74 65.05 68.38 71.72 75.07 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.74 50.28 53.86 57.45 61.07 64.71 68.36 72.03 75.72 79.42 83.14 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 51.47 55.38 59.31 63.28 67.26 71.27 75.29 79.34 83.40 87.48 91.58 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 56.42 60.70 65.01 69.35 73.72 78.11 82.53 86.97 91.42 95.90 100.39 104.90

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 66.25 70.95 75.69 80.46 85.25 90.07 94.91 99.78 104.67 109.57 114.50

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 72.02 77.13 82.28 87.46 92.67 97.91 103.18 108.47 113.79 119.12 124.48

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 78.00 83.54 89.12 94.73 100.38 106.05 111.76 117.49 123.25 129.04 134.84

DBH = diameter at breast height.
35

Table A-10—Total stem volume for red alder with a crown ratio of 1.0

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.30 0.35 0.39 0.44 0.48 0.53 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.34 0.39 0.48 0.57 0.66 0.76 0.86 0.96 1.06 1.16 1.26 1.36 1.47 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.60 0.69 0.83 0.99 1.16 1.33 1.50 1.68 1.85 2.03 2.20 2.38 2.56 2.74 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 1.06 1.28 1.53 1.78 2.04 2.31 2.57 2.84 3.12 3.39 3.66 3.94 4.22 4.49 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 1.82 2.17 2.53 2.90 3.27 3.65 4.04 4.42 4.81 5.20 5.59 5.99 6.38 6.78 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 2.92 3.40 3.89 4.40 4.91 5.42 5.94 6.46 6.99 7.52 8.05 8.58 9.11 9.65 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.39 5.03 5.67 6.33 7.00 7.66 8.34 9.02 9.70 10.39 11.07 11.77 12.46 13.16 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.29 7.10 7.92 8.76 9.59 10.44 11.29 12.14 13.00 13.87 14.73 15.60 16.48 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.68 9.68 10.70 11.72 12.76 13.79 14.84 15.89 16.95 18.01 19.08 20.15 21.22 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.61 12.82 14.05 15.29 16.53 17.79 19.05 20.32 21.59 22.87 24.15 25.44 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.12 16.57 18.03 19.50 20.98 22.47 23.97 25.47 26.98 28.50 30.02 31.55 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.60 19.28 20.98 22.69 24.41 26.15 27.89 29.64 31.40 33.17 34.95 36.73 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.18 24.14 26.11 28.09 30.09 32.09 34.11 36.14 38.17 40.22 42.27 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 25.27 27.50 29.74 32.00 34.28 36.56 38.86 41.17 43.50 45.83 48.17 50.52 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 31.06 33.59 36.15 38.72 41.30 43.90 46.51 49.14 51.77 54.42 57.08 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 34.82 37.66 40.52 43.40 46.30 49.22 52.15 55.09 58.05 61.02 64.01 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 38.78 41.95 45.13 48.34 51.57 54.82 58.08 61.36 64.66 67.97 71.29 74.63 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.44 49.97 53.52 57.09 60.69 64.31 67.94 71.59 75.26 78.94 82.64 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 51.14 55.03 58.94 62.87 66.84 70.82 74.82 78.85 82.89 86.95 91.02 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 56.06 60.31 64.60 68.91 73.25 77.62 82.01 86.42 90.85 95.31 99.78 104.26

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 65.82 70.49 75.20 79.94 84.71 89.50 94.31 99.15 104.01 108.89 113.80

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 71.54 76.62 81.74 86.89 92.07 97.28 102.52 107.78 113.07 118.38 123.71

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 77.49 82.99 88.53 94.11 99.72 105.37 111.04 116.74 122.47 128.22 133.99

DBH = diameter at breast height.
36

Appendix B: 

Merchantable 

Stem Volume

Table B-1—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.1

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.69 1.89 2.10 2.30 2.50 2.71 2.91 3.11 3.31 3.50 3.70 3.89 4.09 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 2.70 3.09 3.49 3.90 4.30 4.71 5.11 5.52 5.93 6.33 6.74 7.15 7.56 7.96 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.34 4.93 5.53 6.13 6.73 7.34 7.95 8.56 9.18 9.79 10.41 11.02 11.64 12.26 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.46 7.26 8.07 8.88 9.70 10.52 11.35 12.18 13.01 13.84 14.67 15.51 16.35 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 9.13 10.16 11.20 12.24 13.29 14.34 15.39 16.45 17.52 18.58 19.65 20.72 21.79 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 12.42 13.69 14.97 16.26 17.56 18.86 20.16 21.47 22.78 24.10 25.42 26.74 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 16.38 17.91 19.46 21.01 22.58 24.14 25.71 27.29 28.87 30.46 32.05 33.64 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 19.25 21.06 22.89 24.72 26.56 28.41 30.26 32.12 33.99 35.86 37.74 39.62 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 24.43 26.54 28.67 30.81 32.96 35.11 37.28 39.44 41.62 43.80 45.99 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 28.00 30.43 32.87 35.33 37.80 40.27 42.75 45.25 47.75 50.25 52.76 55.28 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 34.55 37.33 40.12 42.92 45.74 48.56 51.39 54.24 57.09 59.94 62.81 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 38.90 42.03 45.18 48.34 51.51 54.69 57.89 61.09 64.30 67.53 70.76 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 43.49 46.99 50.50 54.04 57.58 61.15 64.72 68.31 71.90 75.51 79.13 82.75 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 52.19 56.09 60.02 63.97 67.92 71.90 75.89 79.89 83.90 87.92 91.95 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 57.63 61.95 66.29 70.65 75.03 79.42 83.82 88.24 92.68 97.13 101.58 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 63.33 68.07 72.84 77.63 82.45 87.27 92.12 96.98 101.86 106.75 111.65 116.57

22 — — — — — — — — — — — —74.46 79.68 84.92 90.18 95.47 100.77 106.09 111.43 116.79 122.15 127.54

23 — — — — — — — — — — — —81.10 86.79 92.50 98.24 104.00 109.78 115.58 121.40 127.23 133.09 138.95

24 — — — — — — — — — — — —88.01 94.18 100.38 106.61 112.86 119.14 125.44 131.76 138.09 144.45 150.82

DBH = diameter at breast height.
37

Table B-2—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.2

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.66 1.86 2.06 2.26 2.46 2.65 2.85 3.05 3.24 3.44 3.63 3.82 4.01 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.63 3.02 3.40 3.80 4.19 4.58 4.98 5.38 5.78 6.17 6.57 6.97 7.37 7.77 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.21 4.79 5.37 5.95 6.54 7.13 7.73 8.33 8.92 9.52 10.13 10.73 11.33 11.94 — — — — —9 — — — — — 6.27 7.04 7.83 8.62 9.42 10.22 11.02 11.83 12.64 13.45 14.26 15.08 15.90 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.85 9.85 10.85 11.87 12.88 13.91 14.94 15.97 17.00 18.04 19.09 20.13 21.18 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 12.02 13.26 14.50 15.76 17.01 18.28 19.55 20.83 22.11 23.39 24.68 25.97 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.85 17.34 18.84 20.35 21.87 23.40 24.93 26.46 28.01 29.55 31.11 32.66 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 18.62 20.37 22.14 23.92 25.71 27.51 29.32 31.13 32.95 34.77 36.60 38.44 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 23.61 25.67 27.73 29.81 31.90 34.00 36.10 38.22 40.34 42.46 44.60 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 27.06 29.41 31.78 34.17 36.56 38.97 41.39 43.81 46.25 48.69 51.14 53.60 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 33.38 36.07 38.78 41.50 44.24 46.98 49.74 52.51 55.29 58.07 60.86 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 37.56 40.60 43.65 46.71 49.79 52.89 56.00 59.12 62.25 65.38 68.53 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 41.97 45.36 48.77 52.20 55.64 59.10 62.58 66.07 69.57 73.08 76.60 80.14 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 50.36 54.14 57.95 61.78 65.63 69.49 73.36 77.26 81.16 85.07 89.00 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 55.59 59.77 63.98 68.21 72.45 76.72 81.00 85.30 89.62 93.94 98.28 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 61.06 65.65 70.27 74.92 79.59 84.27 88.98 93.71 98.45 103.21 107.98 112.77

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 71.78 76.83 81.91 87.02 92.15 97.30 102.47 107.66 112.86 118.09 123.33

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 78.16 83.66 89.19 94.76 100.34 105.95 111.59 117.24 122.91 128.60 134.31

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 84.78 90.75 96.75 102.79 108.85 114.94 121.06 127.19 133.35 139.53 145.72

DBH = diameter at breast height.
38

Table B-3—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.3

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.64 1.83 2.03 2.23 2.42 2.62 2.82 3.01 3.20 3.40 3.59 3.78 3.97 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.59 2.97 3.35 3.73 4.12 4.51 4.90 5.29 5.69 6.08 6.47 6.87 7.26 7.66 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.14 4.70 5.27 5.85 6.43 7.01 7.60 8.18 8.77 9.36 9.96 10.55 11.15 11.74 — — — — —9 — — — — — 6.15 6.91 7.68 8.46 9.24 10.03 10.82 11.61 12.41 13.21 14.01 14.82 15.63 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.68 9.66 10.65 11.64 12.64 13.65 14.66 15.67 16.69 17.72 18.74 19.77 20.81 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.79 13.00 14.22 15.45 16.69 17.93 19.18 20.44 21.70 22.96 24.23 25.50 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.53 16.99 18.47 19.95 21.45 22.94 24.45 25.96 27.48 29.00 30.53 32.07 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 18.24 19.96 21.70 23.45 25.20 26.97 28.75 30.53 32.32 34.11 35.92 37.72 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 23.13 25.14 27.17 29.21 31.26 33.32 35.39 37.47 39.56 41.65 43.75 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 26.49 28.80 31.13 33.47 35.82 38.19 40.56 42.95 45.34 47.75 50.16 52.57 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 32.67 35.31 37.97 40.65 43.33 46.03 48.74 51.46 54.19 56.93 59.68 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 36.76 39.73 42.73 45.74 48.76 51.80 54.85 57.92 61.00 64.09 67.18 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 41.06 44.38 47.73 51.09 54.47 57.87 61.29 64.71 68.15 71.61 75.07 78.55 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 49.26 52.97 56.71 60.47 64.24 68.03 71.84 75.66 79.50 83.35 87.21 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 54.37 58.47 62.59 66.74 70.91 75.09 79.30 83.52 87.76 92.02 96.28 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 59.70 64.20 68.73 73.29 77.87 82.47 87.09 91.73 96.39 101.06 105.75 110.46

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 70.18 75.13 80.11 85.12 90.15 95.21 100.28 105.38 110.49 115.62 120.77

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 76.39 81.79 87.21 92.66 98.14 103.65 109.18 114.73 120.30 125.89 131.50

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 82.85 88.70 94.58 100.50 106.44 112.42 118.42 124.44 130.49 136.55 142.64

DBH = diameter at breast height.
39

Table B-4—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.4

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.62 1.82 2.01 2.21 2.40 2.60 2.79 2.98 3.18 3.37 3.56 3.75 3.93 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 2.56 2.93 3.31 3.69 4.07 4.46 4.85 5.23 5.62 6.01 6.40 6.79 7.18 7.57 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.09 4.64 5.20 5.77 6.34 6.92 7.50 8.08 8.66 9.25 9.83 10.42 11.01 11.60 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.07 6.82 7.58 8.35 9.12 9.90 10.68 11.46 12.25 13.04 13.83 14.63 15.43 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.56 9.52 10.50 11.48 12.47 13.46 14.46 15.46 16.47 17.48 18.50 19.52 20.54 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.62 12.81 14.02 15.23 16.45 17.68 18.92 20.15 21.40 22.65 23.90 25.16 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.30 16.74 18.20 19.66 21.14 22.62 24.11 25.60 27.10 28.61 30.12 31.63 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.96 19.66 21.38 23.10 24.84 26.58 28.33 30.09 31.86 33.64 35.42 37.20 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.78 24.76 26.76 28.78 30.80 32.84 34.88 36.93 39.00 41.06 43.14 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 26.08 28.36 30.65 32.96 35.29 37.62 39.96 42.32 44.69 47.06 49.44 51.83 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 32.17 34.77 37.39 40.03 42.68 45.34 48.02 50.71 53.40 56.11 58.83 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 36.18 39.11 42.06 45.03 48.02 51.02 54.03 57.06 60.09 63.14 66.20 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 40.41 43.68 46.98 50.30 53.63 56.98 60.35 63.74 67.13 70.54 73.96 77.40 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 48.47 52.13 55.82 59.52 63.24 66.98 70.74 74.51 78.30 82.10 85.92 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 53.49 57.53 61.59 65.68 69.79 73.92 78.07 82.24 86.42 90.62 94.83 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 58.72 63.16 67.62 72.11 76.63 81.17 85.72 90.30 94.90 99.51 104.14 108.79

22 — — — — — — — — — — — —69.03 73.91 78.82 83.75 88.71 93.70 98.70 103.73 108.78 113.84 118.93

23 — — — — — — — — — — — —75.13 80.44 85.79 91.16 96.56 101.99 107.44 112.92 118.41 123.93 129.47

24 — — — — — — — — — — — —81.47 87.23 93.02 98.85 104.71 110.60 116.51 122.45 128.42 134.41 140.41

DBH = diameter at breast height.
40

Table B-5—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.5

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.61 1.80 2.00 2.19 2.39 2.58 2.77 2.96 3.15 3.34 3.53 3.72 3.91 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.54 2.91 3.28 3.66 4.04 4.42 4.80 5.18 5.57 5.96 6.34 6.73 7.12 7.50 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.05 4.60 5.15 5.71 6.28 6.85 7.42 8.00 8.58 9.16 9.74 10.32 10.91 11.49 — — — — —9 — — — — — 6.00 6.75 7.50 8.26 9.02 9.79 10.56 11.34 12.12 12.90 13.69 14.48 15.27 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.46 9.42 10.38 11.35 12.33 13.31 14.30 15.30 16.29 17.30 18.30 19.31 20.32 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.48 12.67 13.86 15.06 16.27 17.48 18.71 19.93 21.17 22.40 23.65 24.89 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.12 16.55 17.99 19.44 20.90 22.36 23.84 25.32 26.80 28.29 29.79 31.29 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.75 19.43 21.13 22.83 24.55 26.27 28.01 29.75 31.50 33.26 35.02 36.79 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.50 24.47 26.45 28.44 30.44 32.45 34.48 36.51 38.55 40.60 42.66 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 25.76 28.02 30.28 32.57 34.86 37.17 39.50 41.83 44.17 46.52 48.88 51.25 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 31.77 34.34 36.94 39.55 42.17 44.80 47.45 50.11 52.78 55.46 58.15 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 35.73 38.63 41.55 44.48 47.43 50.40 53.38 56.38 59.39 62.40 65.43 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 39.90 43.13 46.39 49.67 52.97 56.29 59.62 62.97 66.33 69.70 73.09 76.49 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.86 51.47 55.12 58.78 62.46 66.16 69.88 73.61 77.36 81.12 84.90 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 52.80 56.79 60.81 64.85 68.92 73.00 77.11 81.23 85.37 89.53 93.70 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 57.96 62.35 66.76 71.19 75.66 80.15 84.65 89.18 93.73 98.30 102.88 107.48

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 68.13 72.95 77.80 82.68 87.59 92.52 97.47 102.44 107.43 112.45 117.48

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 74.15 79.39 84.67 89.98 95.32 100.69 106.08 111.50 116.94 122.39 127.87

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 80.39 86.08 91.80 97.56 103.36 109.18 115.03 120.90 126.80 132.72 138.67

DBH = diameter at breast height.
41

Table B-6—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.6

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.60 1.79 1.99 2.18 2.37 2.56 2.75 2.94 3.13 3.32 3.51 3.70 3.89 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.52 2.88 3.25 3.63 4.00 4.38 4.76 5.14 5.53 5.91 6.29 6.68 7.06 7.45 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.01 4.56 5.11 5.66 6.23 6.79 7.36 7.93 8.50 9.08 9.66 10.24 10.82 11.40 — — — — —9 — — — — — 5.95 6.68 7.43 8.18 8.94 9.70 10.47 11.24 12.02 12.79 13.57 14.36 15.14 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.38 9.33 10.28 11.25 12.22 13.19 14.17 15.16 16.15 17.14 18.14 19.14 20.15 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.37 12.55 13.73 14.92 16.12 17.32 18.53 19.75 20.97 22.20 23.43 24.67 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 14.97 16.39 17.82 19.25 20.70 22.15 23.61 25.08 26.55 28.03 29.52 31.01 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.57 19.24 20.92 22.61 24.31 26.02 27.74 29.47 31.21 32.95 34.70 36.46 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.28 24.22 26.18 28.16 30.14 32.14 34.15 36.16 38.19 40.22 42.26 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 25.50 27.73 29.98 32.24 34.52 36.81 39.11 41.42 43.74 46.07 48.42 50.76 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 31.44 33.99 36.56 39.15 41.75 44.36 46.98 49.62 52.27 54.93 57.60 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 35.36 38.23 41.12 44.03 46.95 49.89 52.85 55.82 58.80 61.79 64.80 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 39.48 42.68 45.91 49.16 52.43 55.71 59.02 62.33 65.67 69.01 72.37 75.74 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.35 50.93 54.54 58.17 61.81 65.48 69.17 72.87 76.58 80.31 84.06 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 52.24 56.19 60.17 64.17 68.20 72.25 76.31 80.40 84.50 88.62 92.76 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 57.34 61.68 66.04 70.44 74.86 79.31 83.77 88.26 92.77 97.29 101.84 106.40

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 67.39 72.17 76.97 81.80 86.66 91.54 96.45 101.38 106.33 111.29 116.28

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 73.34 78.53 83.76 89.02 94.31 99.62 104.96 110.33 115.72 121.13 126.56

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 79.51 85.14 90.80 96.51 102.24 108.01 113.80 119.62 125.46 131.33 137.22

DBH = diameter at breast height.
42

Table B-7—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.7

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.60 1.78 1.98 2.17 2.36 2.55 2.74 2.93 3.12 3.31 3.49 3.68 3.87 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.51 2.87 3.23 3.60 3.98 4.35 4.73 5.11 5.49 5.87 6.25 6.64 7.02 7.40 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 3.98 4.52 5.07 5.62 6.18 6.74 7.31 7.87 8.44 9.02 9.59 10.17 10.74 11.32 — — — — —9 — — — — — 5.90 6.63 7.37 8.12 8.87 9.63 10.39 11.16 11.93 12.70 13.47 14.25 15.03 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.32 9.25 10.20 11.16 12.12 13.09 14.06 15.04 16.02 17.01 18.00 19.00 20.00 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.28 12.44 13.62 14.80 15.99 17.18 18.39 19.60 20.81 22.03 23.25 24.48 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 14.85 16.25 17.67 19.10 20.53 21.97 23.42 24.88 26.34 27.81 29.29 30.77 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.43 19.08 20.74 22.42 24.11 25.81 27.51 29.23 30.95 32.69 34.42 36.17 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.09 24.02 25.96 27.92 29.89 31.87 33.86 35.86 37.87 39.89 41.92 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 25.28 27.49 29.72 31.97 34.22 36.50 38.78 41.08 43.38 45.70 48.02 50.35 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 31.17 33.70 36.24 38.81 41.39 43.98 46.59 49.20 51.83 54.47 57.12 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 35.05 37.89 40.76 43.64 46.54 49.46 52.40 55.34 58.30 61.27 64.26 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 39.12 42.30 45.50 48.72 51.96 55.22 58.50 61.80 65.10 68.43 71.76 75.11 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.92 50.47 54.05 57.65 61.27 64.91 68.56 72.23 75.92 79.63 83.34 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 51.76 55.68 59.62 63.59 67.59 71.60 75.64 79.69 83.76 87.85 91.96 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 56.81 61.11 65.44 69.80 74.18 78.59 83.02 87.48 91.95 96.44 100.95 105.48

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 66.77 71.50 76.26 81.05 85.87 90.72 95.58 100.47 105.38 110.31 115.26

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 72.65 77.80 82.98 88.20 93.44 98.71 104.01 109.33 114.68 120.05 125.44

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 78.76 84.34 89.95 95.61 101.30 107.01 112.76 118.53 124.33 130.15 136.00

DBH = diameter at breast height.
43

Table B-8—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.8

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.59 1.78 1.97 2.16 2.35 2.54 2.73 2.92 3.11 3.29 3.48 3.67 3.85 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.49 2.85 3.21 3.58 3.95 4.33 4.70 5.08 5.46 5.84 6.22 6.60 6.98 7.36 — — — — — —8 — — — — 3.96 4.49 5.04 5.59 6.14 6.70 7.26 7.82 8.39 8.96 9.53 10.10 10.68 11.25 — — — — —9 — — — — — 5.86 6.59 7.32 8.06 8.81 9.56 10.32 11.08 11.85 12.62 13.39 14.16 14.94 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.26 9.19 10.13 11.08 12.04 13.00 13.97 14.94 15.92 16.90 17.88 18.87 19.87 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.20 12.35 13.52 14.69 15.87 17.06 18.26 19.46 20.67 21.88 23.10 24.32 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 14.74 16.14 17.54 18.96 20.38 21.82 23.26 24.71 26.16 27.62 29.09 30.56 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.30 18.94 20.59 22.26 23.93 25.62 27.32 29.02 30.74 32.46 34.18 35.92 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 21.92 23.84 25.77 27.71 29.67 31.64 33.62 35.61 37.60 39.61 41.62 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 25.09 27.28 29.50 31.72 33.97 36.22 38.49 40.77 43.06 45.36 47.67 49.99 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 30.93 33.44 35.97 38.51 41.07 43.65 46.24 48.84 51.45 54.07 56.71 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 34.77 37.60 40.44 43.31 46.19 49.09 52.00 54.93 57.87 60.82 63.79 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 38.81 41.97 45.14 48.34 51.56 54.80 58.06 61.33 64.61 67.91 71.23 74.55 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.55 50.08 53.63 57.20 60.79 64.40 68.03 71.68 75.35 79.03 82.72 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 51.35 55.23 59.15 63.09 67.06 71.04 75.05 79.08 83.12 87.18 91.26 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 56.35 60.62 64.91 69.24 73.59 77.97 82.37 86.79 91.24 95.70 100.18 104.67

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 66.22 70.92 75.65 80.40 85.19 90.00 94.83 99.69 104.56 109.46 114.38

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 72.05 77.16 82.31 87.48 92.69 97.92 103.18 108.47 113.78 119.11 124.46

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 78.10 83.64 89.22 94.83 100.47 106.15 111.85 117.58 123.34 129.12 134.93

DBH = diameter at breast height.
44

Table B-9—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.9

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.58 1.77 1.96 2.15 2.34 2.53 2.72 2.91 3.09 3.28 3.47 3.65 3.84 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.48 2.84 3.20 3.56 3.93 4.31 4.68 5.06 5.43 5.81 6.19 6.57 6.95 7.33 — — — — — —8 — — — — 3.94 4.47 5.01 5.56 6.11 6.66 7.22 7.78 8.34 8.91 9.48 10.05 10.62 11.19 — — — — —9 — — — — — 5.83 6.55 7.28 8.02 8.76 9.51 10.26 11.02 11.78 12.54 13.31 14.08 14.85 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.21 9.13 10.07 11.01 11.96 12.92 13.88 14.85 15.82 16.80 17.78 18.76 19.75 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.13 12.28 13.43 14.60 15.77 16.96 18.14 19.34 20.54 21.75 22.96 24.17 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 14.65 16.03 17.43 18.84 20.25 21.68 23.11 24.55 26.00 27.45 28.91 30.37 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.18 18.81 20.45 22.11 23.78 25.45 27.14 28.84 30.54 32.25 33.97 35.69 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 21.77 23.68 25.60 27.53 29.47 31.43 33.40 35.38 37.36 39.36 41.36 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 24.92 27.10 29.30 31.51 33.74 35.98 38.24 40.51 42.78 45.07 47.37 49.67 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 30.72 33.21 35.72 38.25 40.80 43.36 45.93 48.52 51.11 53.72 56.34 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 34.53 37.34 40.16 43.01 45.87 48.75 51.65 54.56 57.48 60.42 63.37 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 38.54 41.67 44.83 48.01 51.21 54.42 57.66 60.91 64.18 67.46 70.75 74.06 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.22 49.72 53.25 56.80 60.37 63.96 67.57 71.19 74.84 78.49 82.17 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 50.98 54.84 58.73 62.65 66.59 70.55 74.53 78.53 82.55 86.59 90.64 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 55.94 60.18 64.45 68.75 73.07 77.42 81.79 86.19 90.60 95.04 99.49 103.96

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 65.74 70.41 75.10 79.83 84.58 89.36 94.16 98.99 103.84 108.70 113.59

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 71.53 76.60 81.71 86.85 92.02 97.22 102.45 107.70 112.98 118.28 123.60

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 77.53 83.03 88.57 94.14 99.75 105.38 111.05 116.75 122.47 128.21 133.99

DBH = diameter at breast height.
45

Table B-10—Merchantable stem volume (0.5-ft stump and 5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 1.0

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.58 1.76 1.95 2.14 2.33 2.52 2.71 2.90 3.08 3.27 3.45 3.64 3.82 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.47 2.82 3.18 3.55 3.92 4.29 4.66 5.03 5.41 5.79 6.16 6.54 6.92 7.30 — — — — — —8 — — — — 3.92 4.45 4.99 5.53 6.08 6.63 7.19 7.74 8.31 8.87 9.43 10.00 10.57 11.14 — — — — —9 — — — — — 5.80 6.52 7.24 7.98 8.72 9.46 10.21 10.97 11.72 12.48 13.25 14.01 14.78 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.17 9.09 10.02 10.96 11.90 12.85 13.81 14.78 15.74 16.72 17.69 18.67 19.66 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.07 12.21 13.36 14.52 15.69 16.87 18.05 19.24 20.44 21.64 22.84 24.05 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 14.57 15.95 17.34 18.74 20.15 21.57 22.99 24.43 25.87 27.31 28.76 30.22 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.09 18.71 20.34 21.99 23.65 25.32 27.00 28.69 30.38 32.09 33.80 35.51 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 21.65 23.55 25.46 27.38 29.32 31.26 33.22 35.19 37.17 39.15 41.15 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 24.78 26.95 29.13 31.34 33.56 35.79 38.03 40.29 42.56 44.83 47.12 49.42 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 30.54 33.02 35.52 38.04 40.57 43.12 45.68 48.26 50.84 53.44 56.04 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 34.34 37.13 39.94 42.77 45.62 48.48 51.37 54.26 57.17 60.09 63.03 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 38.32 41.44 44.57 47.74 50.92 54.12 57.34 60.57 63.82 67.09 70.37 73.66 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 45.96 49.44 52.94 56.47 60.03 63.60 67.19 70.80 74.42 78.06 81.72 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 50.68 54.52 58.39 62.29 66.20 70.15 74.11 78.09 82.09 86.11 90.14 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 55.62 59.83 64.07 68.35 72.65 76.98 81.33 85.70 90.09 94.50 98.93 103.38

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 65.36 69.99 74.66 79.36 84.09 88.84 93.62 98.42 103.24 108.09 112.95

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 71.10 76.15 81.23 86.34 91.48 96.66 101.86 107.08 112.33 117.60 122.90

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 77.06 82.53 88.04 93.58 99.16 104.76 110.40 116.07 121.76 127.48 133.22

DBH = diameter at breast height.
46

Appendix C: 

Merchantable 

Height

Table C-1—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.1

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 8.49 9.94 11.39 12.82 14.25 15.67 17.08 18.48 19.87 21.26 22.65 24.02 25.40 26.77 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 12.62 14.87 17.14 19.42 21.71 24.02 26.33 28.65 30.97 33.31 35.65 37.99 40.34 42.69 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 16.91 19.68 22.47 25.29 28.13 30.99 33.87 36.77 39.67 42.59 45.53 48.47 51.43 54.39 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 21.33 24.46 27.62 30.82 34.04 37.28 40.55 43.84 47.14 50.46 53.79 57.14 60.50 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 25.83 29.24 32.68 36.16 39.66 43.18 46.73 50.30 53.89 57.49 61.11 64.75 68.40 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 30.41 34.03 37.69 41.38 45.09 48.84 52.60 56.38 60.19 64.01 67.84 71.70 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 35.05 38.84 42.67 46.53 50.42 54.33 58.26 62.21 66.18 70.17 74.18 78.20 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 35.82 39.73 43.67 47.64 51.63 55.66 59.71 63.78 67.86 71.97 76.09 80.23 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 40.42 44.44 48.50 52.59 56.71 60.85 65.01 69.19 73.39 77.60 81.84 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 40.97 45.06 49.20 53.36 57.54 61.76 65.99 70.25 74.52 78.82 83.12 87.45 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 45.56 49.75 53.97 58.22 62.50 66.79 71.11 75.45 79.80 84.17 88.56 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 45.97 50.21 54.48 58.78 63.10 67.45 71.82 76.21 80.61 85.03 89.47 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 46.30 50.58 54.89 59.23 63.60 67.99 72.40 76.83 81.28 85.75 90.23 94.73 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 50.88 55.23 59.61 64.01 68.44 72.89 77.35 81.84 86.35 90.87 95.40 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 51.13 55.51 59.92 64.36 68.81 73.29 77.79 82.31 86.85 91.40 95.97 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 51.34 55.75 60.18 64.64 69.13 73.64 78.16 82.71 87.27 91.85 96.45 101.05

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 55.94 60.40 64.88 69.39 73.92 78.47 83.04 87.63 92.23 96.85 101.49

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.10 60.58 65.08 69.61 74.16 78.74 83.33 87.94 92.56 97.20 101.85

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.23 60.72 65.25 69.80 74.37 78.96 83.57 88.19 92.84 97.49 102.17

DBH = diameter at breast height.
47

Table C-2—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.2

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 8.30 9.72 11.13 12.54 13.93 15.32 16.71 18.08 19.46 20.82 22.18 23.54 24.89 26.24 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 12.24 14.42 16.62 18.84 21.07 23.32 25.57 27.84 30.11 32.39 34.67 36.96 39.26 41.57 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 16.34 19.01 21.72 24.46 27.22 30.00 32.80 35.62 38.45 41.30 44.16 47.03 49.91 52.81 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 20.56 23.59 26.66 29.76 32.89 36.04 39.22 42.41 45.63 48.86 52.11 55.38 58.65 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 24.88 28.18 31.52 34.89 38.29 41.71 45.16 48.64 52.13 55.64 59.18 62.72 66.28 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 29.28 32.79 36.33 39.91 43.52 47.16 50.82 54.51 58.21 61.94 65.68 69.44 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 33.73 37.41 41.13 44.88 48.66 52.46 56.29 60.14 64.01 67.91 71.82 75.74 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 34.46 38.24 42.06 45.92 49.81 53.72 57.66 61.63 65.61 69.62 73.64 77.69 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 38.88 42.79 46.73 50.71 54.71 58.74 62.80 66.87 70.97 75.09 79.22 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 39.39 43.36 47.38 51.42 55.50 59.60 63.73 67.88 72.05 76.24 80.45 84.68 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 43.82 47.89 52.00 56.13 60.29 64.48 68.69 72.92 77.17 81.45 85.74 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 44.19 48.31 52.46 56.64 60.85 65.09 69.35 73.63 77.94 82.26 86.60 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 44.49 48.64 52.83 57.06 61.31 65.59 69.89 74.22 78.57 82.93 87.32 91.72 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 48.92 53.14 57.40 61.68 66.00 70.34 74.70 79.09 83.49 87.91 92.35 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 49.14 53.39 57.68 61.99 66.34 70.71 75.10 79.52 83.95 88.41 92.88 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 49.32 53.59 57.91 62.25 66.62 71.02 75.44 79.88 84.34 88.82 93.32 97.84

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 53.76 58.09 62.46 66.85 71.27 75.71 80.18 84.67 89.17 93.69 98.23

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 53.89 58.24 62.63 67.04 71.48 75.94 80.43 84.94 89.46 94.01 98.57

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 53.99 58.36 62.76 67.19 71.65 76.13 80.64 85.16 89.71 94.27 98.85

DBH = diameter at breast height.
48

Table C-3—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.3

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 8.19 9.58 10.97 12.36 13.74 15.12 16.48 17.84 19.20 20.55 21.90 23.24 24.58 25.92 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 12.01 14.15 16.31 18.49 20.69 22.90 25.12 27.35 29.58 31.83 34.08 36.34 38.61 40.88 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 16.00 18.62 21.28 23.96 26.67 29.40 32.16 34.93 37.72 40.52 43.33 46.16 49.00 51.85 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 20.11 23.08 26.08 29.12 32.19 35.29 38.41 41.55 44.71 47.89 51.09 54.31 57.53 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 24.31 27.54 30.82 34.12 37.46 40.82 44.21 47.63 51.06 54.52 57.99 61.48 64.99 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 28.60 32.04 35.51 39.03 42.57 46.14 49.74 53.36 57.01 60.67 64.36 68.06 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 32.94 36.55 40.20 43.88 47.59 51.33 55.09 58.88 62.69 66.52 70.36 74.23 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 33.63 37.34 41.09 44.88 48.69 52.54 56.42 60.31 64.24 68.18 72.14 76.12 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 37.96 41.79 45.65 49.56 53.49 57.45 61.44 65.45 69.48 73.54 77.61 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 38.44 42.33 46.27 50.24 54.24 58.27 62.33 66.42 70.52 74.65 78.80 82.96 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 42.77 46.76 50.78 54.84 58.93 63.05 67.19 71.36 75.55 79.76 83.98 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 43.11 47.15 51.22 55.33 59.47 63.63 67.82 72.04 76.28 80.54 84.81 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 43.39 47.46 51.57 55.72 59.90 64.11 68.34 72.60 76.88 81.18 85.50 89.84 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.71 51.86 56.04 60.25 64.49 68.76 73.05 77.37 81.71 86.07 90.44 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.91 52.09 56.30 60.54 64.81 69.11 73.43 77.78 82.14 86.54 90.94 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 48.08 52.27 56.51 60.77 65.07 69.39 73.74 78.11 82.51 86.92 91.36 95.81

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 52.42 56.67 60.96 65.28 69.62 73.99 78.39 82.81 87.25 91.70 96.18

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 52.53 56.81 61.11 65.45 69.81 74.20 78.62 83.06 87.52 91.99 96.49

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 52.62 56.91 61.23 65.58 69.96 4.37 78.80 83.26 87.74 92.23 96.75

DBH = diameter at breast height.
49

Table C-4—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.4

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 8.10 9.48 10.86 12.23 13.60 14.96 16.32 17.67 19.02 20.36 21.69 23.03 24.36 25.68 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 11.85 13.96 16.09 18.24 20.41 22.60 24.79 26.99 29.21 31.43 33.66 35.89 38.14 40.39 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 15.75 18.33 20.95 23.60 26.28 28.98 31.69 34.43 37.18 39.95 42.74 45.53 48.34 51.16 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 19.78 22.70 25.67 28.66 31.69 34.75 37.83 40.93 44.05 47.19 50.35 53.53 56.72 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 23.90 27.09 30.31 33.57 36.86 40.18 43.53 46.90 50.29 53.70 57.14 60.59 64.05 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 28.11 31.50 34.92 38.39 41.88 45.41 48.96 52.54 56.14 59.76 63.40 67.06 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 32.37 35.93 39.52 43.15 46.81 50.50 54.22 57.96 61.72 65.51 69.31 73.13 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 33.04 36.69 40.39 44.12 47.89 51.68 55.51 59.36 63.23 67.13 71.04 74.98 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 37.28 41.06 44.87 48.72 52.60 56.51 60.45 64.41 68.40 72.40 76.43 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 37.75 41.59 45.47 49.38 53.33 57.31 61.32 65.35 69.41 73.49 77.58 81.70 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 42.00 45.93 49.90 53.91 57.95 62.01 66.10 70.22 74.36 78.52 82.69 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 42.33 46.31 50.32 54.37 58.46 62.57 66.71 70.87 75.06 79.27 83.50 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 42.59 46.60 50.66 54.75 58.87 63.02 67.20 71.41 75.64 79.89 84.16 88.45 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.84 50.93 55.05 59.21 63.39 67.61 71.85 76.11 80.40 84.70 89.03 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.03 51.14 55.29 59.48 63.69 67.93 72.20 76.50 80.82 85.15 89.51 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.18 51.31 55.49 59.69 63.93 68.20 72.50 76.82 81.16 85.52 89.91 94.31

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 51.45 55.64 59.87 64.13 68.42 72.73 77.08 81.44 85.83 90.24 94.67

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 51.55 55.76 60.00 64.28 68.59 72.93 77.29 81.67 86.08 90.51 94.96

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 51.63 55.85 60.11 64.40 68.73 73.08 77.46 81.86 86.29 90.73 95.20

DBH = diameter at breast height.
50

Table C-5—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.5

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 8.04 9.41 10.77 12.13 13.49 14.84 16.19 17.53 18.87 20.20 21.53 22.86 24.18 25.50 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 11.72 13.80 15.92 18.05 20.20 22.36 24.53 26.72 28.91 31.11 33.32 35.54 37.77 40.00 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 15.56 18.11 20.70 23.32 25.97 28.64 31.33 34.04 36.77 39.51 42.27 45.04 47.82 50.61 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 19.52 22.41 25.34 28.31 31.30 34.32 37.37 40.44 43.53 46.65 49.77 52.92 56.08 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 23.58 26.73 29.92 33.14 36.39 39.68 42.99 46.33 49.68 53.06 56.46 59.88 63.31 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 27.72 31.07 34.46 37.88 41.34 44.83 48.35 51.89 55.45 59.03 62.64 66.26 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 31.93 35.44 38.99 42.58 46.20 49.85 53.53 57.23 60.96 64.71 68.47 72.26 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 32.58 36.19 39.84 43.53 47.25 51.01 54.79 58.60 62.44 66.30 70.17 74.07 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 36.76 40.49 44.26 48.07 51.90 55.77 59.67 63.59 67.54 71.51 75.49 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 37.20 41.00 44.83 48.71 52.61 56.55 60.51 64.51 68.52 72.56 76.62 80.71 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 41.40 45.29 49.21 53.17 57.17 61.19 65.24 69.31 73.41 77.53 81.67 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 41.71 45.64 49.61 53.62 57.66 61.73 65.83 69.95 74.10 78.27 82.46 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 41.96 45.93 49.94 53.98 58.06 62.17 66.30 70.47 74.66 78.87 83.10 87.35 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.16 50.19 54.27 58.38 62.52 66.69 70.89 75.11 79.36 83.63 87.91 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.33 50.40 54.50 58.64 62.81 67.01 71.23 75.48 79.76 84.06 88.38 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.47 50.56 54.68 58.84 63.04 67.26 71.51 75.79 80.09 84.41 88.76 93.12

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 50.68 54.83 59.01 63.22 67.46 71.73 76.03 80.36 84.70 89.07 93.46

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 50.77 54.94 59.13 63.36 67.62 71.91 76.23 80.57 84.94 89.33 93.74

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 50.84 55.02 59.23 63.47 67.75 72.06 76.39 80.75 85.13 89.54 93.96

DBH = diameter at breast height.
51

Table C-6—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.6

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 7.99 9.34 10.70 12.05 13.40 14.75 16.08 17.42 18.75 20.08 21.40 22.71 24.03 25.34 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 11.61 13.68 15.77 17.89 20.02 22.16 24.32 26.49 28.67 30.85 33.05 35.25 37.46 39.68 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 15.40 17.93 20.50 23.09 25.72 28.36 31.03 33.72 36.42 39.14 41.88 44.62 47.39 50.16 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 19.31 22.17 25.07 28.01 30.98 33.98 37.00 40.04 43.11 46.19 49.30 52.42 55.55 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 23.32 26.44 29.59 32.78 36.01 39.26 42.55 45.85 49.18 52.53 55.91 59.30 62.70 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 27.41 30.72 34.08 37.47 40.90 44.35 47.84 51.35 54.88 58.44 62.01 65.61 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 31.56 35.04 38.56 42.11 45.70 49.32 52.96 56.63 60.33 64.05 67.78 71.54 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 32.19 35.77 39.38 43.04 46.73 50.45 54.20 57.98 61.78 65.61 69.46 73.32 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 36.32 40.02 43.75 47.52 51.33 55.16 59.02 62.91 66.83 70.76 74.72 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 36.76 40.51 44.31 48.15 52.02 55.92 59.85 63.81 67.79 71.80 75.83 79.87 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 40.90 44.75 48.64 52.56 56.52 60.51 64.52 68.56 72.63 76.71 80.82 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 41.21 45.10 49.03 53.00 57.00 61.04 65.10 69.19 73.30 77.43 81.59 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 41.45 45.37 49.34 53.35 57.39 61.46 65.56 69.69 73.84 78.02 82.22 86.44 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 45.59 49.59 53.62 57.70 61.80 65.93 70.10 74.28 78.49 82.73 86.98 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 45.76 49.78 53.84 57.94 62.07 66.24 70.42 74.64 78.88 83.15 87.43 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 45.89 49.93 54.02 58.14 62.29 66.48 70.69 74.93 79.20 83.49 87.80 92.13

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 50.05 54.15 58.29 62.47 66.67 70.91 75.17 79.45 83.77 88.10 92.45

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 50.14 54.25 58.41 62.60 66.82 71.08 75.36 79.66 83.99 88.34 92.72

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 50.20 54.33 58.50 62.70 66.94 71.21 75.50 79.83 84.17 88.54 92.93

DBH = diameter at breast height.
52

Table C-7—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.7

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 7.94 9.29 10.64 11.98 13.33 14.66 15.99 17.32 18.65 19.97 21.28 22.59 23.90 25.21 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 11.52 13.58 15.65 17.75 19.87 22.00 24.14 26.29 28.46 30.63 32.81 35.00 37.20 39.40 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 15.27 17.78 20.32 22.90 25.50 28.13 30.78 33.44 36.13 38.83 41.55 44.28 47.02 49.78 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 19.14 21.97 24.85 27.76 30.71 33.68 36.68 39.70 42.74 45.81 48.89 51.99 55.10 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 23.10 26.19 29.31 32.48 35.68 38.91 42.17 45.45 48.76 52.08 55.43 58.80 62.18 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 27.14 30.43 33.76 37.12 40.52 43.95 47.40 50.89 54.40 57.93 61.48 65.05 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 31.25 34.70 38.19 41.71 45.27 48.86 52.48 56.12 59.79 63.48 67.19 70.93 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 31.87 35.41 39.00 42.62 46.28 49.97 53.70 57.45 61.22 65.02 68.84 72.68 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 35.96 39.62 43.32 47.06 50.84 54.64 58.47 62.33 66.22 70.13 74.05 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 36.38 40.10 43.87 47.67 51.51 55.38 59.28 63.21 67.17 71.14 75.14 79.17 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 40.48 44.30 48.15 52.04 55.97 59.93 63.91 67.92 71.96 76.02 80.10 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 40.78 44.63 48.53 52.47 56.44 60.44 64.47 68.53 72.61 76.72 80.85 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 41.01 44.90 48.83 52.81 56.81 60.85 64.92 69.02 73.14 77.29 81.46 85.65 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 45.11 49.07 53.07 57.11 61.18 65.29 69.42 73.57 77.76 81.96 86.19 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 45.27 49.26 53.29 57.35 61.45 65.58 69.74 73.92 78.13 82.37 86.62 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 45.39 49.40 53.45 57.54 61.66 65.81 69.99 74.20 78.44 82.69 86.98 91.28

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 49.51 53.58 57.68 61.82 66.00 70.20 74.43 78.68 82.96 87.27 91.59

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 49.59 53.67 57.79 61.95 66.14 70.36 74.61 78.88 83.18 87.50 91.84

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 49.65 53.74 57.88 62.05 66.25 70.48 74.75 79.03 83.35 87.69 92.05

DBH = diameter at breast height.
53

Table C-8—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.8

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 7.90 9.24 10.58 11.92 13.26 14.59 15.91 17.24 18.56 19.87 21.18 22.49 23.79 25.09 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 11.45 13.48 15.55 17.63 19.74 21.85 23.98 26.12 28.28 30.44 32.61 34.79 36.97 39.16 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 15.15 17.64 20.17 22.73 25.31 27.92 30.55 33.20 35.87 38.56 41.26 43.97 46.70 49.44 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 18.98 21.79 24.65 27.54 30.47 33.42 36.40 39.40 42.42 45.47 48.53 51.61 54.71 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 22.91 25.97 29.07 32.22 35.39 38.60 41.84 45.10 48.38 51.69 55.02 58.36 61.73 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 26.91 30.17 33.47 36.81 40.19 43.59 47.03 50.49 53.97 57.48 61.01 64.56 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 30.98 34.40 37.87 41.37 44.90 48.47 52.06 55.68 59.32 62.99 66.68 70.39 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 31.58 35.10 38.66 42.26 45.89 49.56 53.26 56.98 60.73 64.51 68.30 72.12 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 35.64 39.27 42.95 46.66 50.41 54.19 57.99 61.83 65.69 69.57 73.48 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 36.05 39.74 43.48 47.26 51.07 54.91 58.79 62.69 66.62 70.57 74.55 78.54 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 40.11 43.90 47.73 51.59 55.49 59.42 63.38 67.36 71.37 75.41 79.46 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 40.40 44.23 48.10 52.01 55.95 59.92 63.93 67.96 72.02 76.10 80.20 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 40.62 44.49 48.39 52.34 56.31 60.33 64.37 68.44 72.53 76.66 80.80 84.96 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 44.69 48.62 52.60 56.60 60.65 64.72 68.82 72.95 77.11 81.29 85.49 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 44.84 48.80 52.80 56.83 60.90 65.00 69.13 73.29 77.47 81.68 85.91 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 44.96 48.94 52.96 57.01 61.11 65.23 69.38 73.56 77.77 82.00 86.26 90.53

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 49.04 53.08 57.15 61.26 65.41 69.58 73.78 78.01 82.26 86.54 90.83

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 49.12 53.17 57.26 61.38 65.54 69.73 73.95 78.20 82.47 86.76 91.08

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 49.17 53.23 57.33 61.47 65.64 69.85 74.08 78.34 82.63 86.94 91.27

DBH = diameter at breast height.
54

Table C-9—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.9

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 7.87 9.20 10.54 11.87 13.20 14.52 15.84 17.16 18.47 19.79 21.09 22.39 23.69 24.99 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 11.38 13.40 15.45 17.53 19.62 21.73 23.84 25.97 28.12 30.27 32.43 34.59 36.77 38.95 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 15.05 17.52 20.03 22.58 25.15 27.74 30.36 32.99 35.65 38.32 41.00 43.70 46.42 49.15 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 18.84 21.64 24.48 27.35 30.25 33.19 36.15 39.14 42.14 45.17 48.22 51.28 54.36 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 22.74 25.78 28.86 31.98 35.14 38.33 41.54 44.79 48.05 51.34 54.65 57.98 61.32 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 26.70 29.94 33.22 36.54 39.90 43.28 46.69 50.13 53.60 57.09 60.60 64.13 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 30.74 34.14 37.58 41.06 44.57 48.11 51.69 55.28 58.91 62.55 66.22 69.91 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 31.33 34.83 38.36 41.94 45.55 49.19 52.87 56.57 60.30 64.05 67.83 71.62 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 35.35 38.96 42.61 46.30 50.03 53.78 57.57 61.38 65.22 69.08 72.96 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 35.76 39.43 43.14 46.89 50.68 54.50 58.35 62.23 66.13 70.06 74.02 77.99 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 39.79 43.55 47.35 51.19 55.06 58.97 62.90 66.87 70.85 74.86 78.90 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 40.07 43.87 47.71 51.60 55.51 59.46 63.44 67.45 71.48 75.54 79.62 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 40.29 44.12 48.00 51.92 55.87 59.86 63.87 67.92 71.99 76.09 80.21 84.35 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 44.32 48.22 52.17 56.15 60.17 64.22 68.30 72.40 76.53 80.69 84.86 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 44.47 48.40 52.37 56.38 60.42 64.49 68.60 72.73 76.89 81.07 85.28 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 44.58 48.53 52.52 56.55 60.61 64.71 68.84 73.00 77.18 81.38 85.61 89.87

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 48.63 52.63 56.68 60.76 64.88 69.03 73.20 77.41 81.63 85.89 90.16

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 48.70 52.72 56.78 60.88 65.01 69.17 73.37 77.59 81.83 86.10 90.39

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 48.74 52.78 56.85 60.96 65.11 69.28 73.49 77.73 81.99 86.27 90.58

DBH = diameter at breast height.
55

Table C-10—Merchantable height (5-in diameter outside bark top) for red alder with a crown ratio of 1.0

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — 7.84 9.17 10.50 11.82 13.15 14.47 15.79 17.10 18.41 19.72 21.02 22.32 23.61 24.91 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 11.32 13.34 15.38 17.44 19.52 21.62 23.73 25.85 27.99 30.13 32.28 34.44 36.60 38.78 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 14.97 17.43 19.92 22.45 25.01 27.59 30.20 32.82 35.46 38.12 40.80 43.49 46.19 48.90 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 18.73 21.51 24.33 27.19 30.08 33.00 35.95 38.92 41.92 44.93 47.96 51.01 54.08 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 22.60 25.62 28.69 31.80 34.94 38.11 41.31 44.53 47.78 51.06 54.35 57.66 61.00 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 26.54 29.76 33.02 36.32 39.66 43.03 46.42 49.85 53.29 56.77 60.26 63.77 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 30.54 33.92 37.35 40.81 44.30 47.83 51.38 54.96 58.57 62.20 65.85 69.52 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 31.13 34.60 38.12 41.68 45.27 48.89 52.55 56.23 59.94 63.68 67.44 71.22 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 35.12 38.71 42.34 46.01 49.72 53.45 57.22 61.01 64.83 68.68 72.54 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 35.52 39.17 42.86 46.59 50.36 54.16 57.99 61.85 65.74 69.65 73.59 77.54 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 39.52 43.26 47.05 50.86 54.72 58.60 62.52 66.46 70.43 74.42 78.43 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 39.80 43.58 47.40 51.26 55.16 59.09 63.05 67.04 71.05 75.09 79.15 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 40.01 43.83 47.68 51.58 55.51 59.48 63.47 67.50 71.55 75.63 79.73 83.85 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 44.02 47.90 51.82 55.79 59.78 63.81 67.87 71.95 76.06 80.20 84.35 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 44.16 48.07 52.02 56.00 60.03 64.08 68.16 72.28 76.41 80.58 84.76 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 44.27 48.20 52.16 56.17 60.21 64.29 68.40 72.53 76.69 80.88 85.09 89.32

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 48.29 52.27 56.30 60.36 64.45 68.58 72.74 76.92 81.13 85.36 89.61

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 48.36 52.35 56.39 60.47 64.58 68.72 72.89 77.09 81.32 85.57 89.84

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 48.40 52.41 56.46 60.55 64.67 68.83 73.01 77.23 81.47 85.73 90.02

DBH = diameter at breast height.
56

Appendix D: 

Stem Volume 

to Live Crown 

Base

Table D-1—Stem volume to live crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.1

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.69 1.89 2.10 2.30 2.50 2.71 2.91 3.11 3.31 3.50 3.70 3.89 4.09 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.70 3.09 3.49 3.90 4.30 4.71 5.11 5.52 5.93 6.33 6.74 7.15 7.56 7.96 — — — — — —8 — — — — 4.34 4.93 5.53 6.13 6.73 7.34 7.95 8.56 9.18 9.79 10.41 11.02 11.64 12.26 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 6.46 7.26 8.07 8.88 9.70 10.52 11.35 12.18 13.01 13.84 14.67 15.51 16.35 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 9.13 10.16 11.20 12.24 13.29 14.34 15.39 16.45 17.52 18.58 19.65 20.72 21.79 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 12.42 13.69 14.97 16.26 17.56 18.86 20.16 21.47 22.78 24.10 25.42 26.74 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 16.38 17.91 19.46 21.01 22.58 24.14 25.71 27.29 28.87 30.46 32.05 33.64 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 19.25 21.06 22.89 24.72 26.56 28.41 30.26 32.12 33.99 35.86 37.74 39.62 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 24.43 26.54 28.67 30.81 32.96 35.11 37.28 39.44 41.62 43.80 45.99 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 28.00 30.43 32.87 35.33 37.80 40.27 42.75 45.25 47.75 50.25 52.76 55.28 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 34.55 37.33 40.12 42.92 45.74 48.56 51.39 54.24 57.09 59.94 62.81 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 38.90 42.03 45.18 48.34 51.51 54.69 57.89 61.09 64.30 67.53 70.76 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 43.49 46.99 50.50 54.04 57.58 61.15 64.72 68.31 71.90 75.51 79.13 82.75 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 52.19 56.09 60.02 63.97 67.92 71.90 75.89 79.89 83.90 87.92 91.95 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 57.63 61.95 66.29 70.65 75.03 79.42 83.82 88.24 92.68 97.13 101.58 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 63.33 68.07 72.84 77.63 82.45 87.27 92.12 96.98 101.86 106.75 111.65 116.57

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 74.46 79.68 84.92 90.18 95.47 100.77 106.09 111.43 116.79 122.15 127.54

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 81.10 86.79 92.50 98.24 104.00 109.78 115.58 121.40 127.23 133.09 138.95

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 88.01 94.18 100.38 106.61 112.86 119.14 125.44 131.76 138.09 144.45 150.82

DBH = diameter at breast height.
57

Table D-2—Stem volume to live crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.2

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.66 1.86 2.06 2.26 2.46 2.65 2.85 3.05 3.24 3.44 3.63 3.82 4.01 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.63 3.02 3.40 3.80 4.19 4.58 4.98 5.38 5.78 6.17 6.57 6.97 7.37 7.77 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.21 4.79 5.37 5.95 6.54 7.13 7.73 8.33 8.92 9.52 10.13 10.73 11.33 11.94 — — — — —9 — — — — — 6.27 7.04 7.83 8.62 9.42 10.22 11.02 11.83 12.64 13.45 14.26 15.08 15.90 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.85 9.85 10.85 11.87 12.88 13.91 14.94 15.97 17.00 18.04 19.09 20.13 21.18 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 12.02 13.26 14.50 15.76 17.01 18.28 19.55 20.83 22.11 23.39 24.68 25.97 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.85 17.34 18.84 20.35 21.87 23.40 24.93 26.46 28.01 29.55 31.11 32.66 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 18.62 20.37 22.14 23.92 25.71 27.51 29.32 31.13 32.95 34.77 36.60 38.44 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 23.61 25.67 27.73 29.81 31.90 34.00 36.10 38.22 40.34 42.46 44.60 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 27.06 29.41 31.78 34.17 36.56 38.97 41.39 43.81 46.25 48.69 51.14 53.60 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 33.38 36.07 38.78 41.50 44.24 46.98 49.74 52.51 55.29 58.07 60.86 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 37.56 40.60 43.65 46.71 49.79 52.89 56.00 59.12 62.25 65.38 68.53 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 41.97 45.36 48.77 52.20 55.64 59.10 62.58 66.07 69.57 73.08 76.60 80.14 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 50.36 54.14 57.95 61.78 65.63 69.49 73.36 77.26 81.16 85.06 88.93 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 55.59 59.77 63.98 68.21 72.45 76.72 81.00 85.30 89.60 93.87 98.14 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 61.06 65.65 70.27 74.92 79.59 84.27 88.98 93.70 98.39 103.08 107.78 112.49

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 71.78 76.83 81.91 87.02 92.15 97.30 102.43 107.55 112.69 117.83 122.99

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 78.16 83.66 89.19 94.76 100.34 105.94 111.51 117.10 122.69 128.30 133.92

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 84.78 90.75 96.75 102.79 108.85 114.91 120.95 127.02 133.09 139.18 145.29

DBH = diameter at breast height.
58

Table D-3—Stem volume to live crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.3

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.64 1.83 2.03 2.23 2.42 2.62 2.82 3.01 3.20 3.40 3.59 3.78 3.97 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.59 2.97 3.35 3.73 4.12 4.51 4.90 5.29 5.69 6.08 6.47 6.87 7.26 7.66 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.14 4.70 5.27 5.85 6.43 7.01 7.60 8.18 8.77 9.36 9.96 10.55 11.15 11.74 — — — — —9 — — — — — 6.15 6.91 7.68 8.46 9.24 10.03 10.82 11.61 12.41 13.21 14.01 14.82 15.63 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.68 9.66 10.65 11.64 12.64 13.65 14.66 15.67 16.69 17.72 18.74 19.77 20.81 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.79 13.00 14.22 15.45 16.69 17.93 19.18 20.44 21.70 22.96 24.23 25.50 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 15.53 16.99 18.47 19.95 21.45 22.94 24.45 25.96 27.48 28.97 30.45 31.93 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 18.24 19.96 21.70 23.45 25.20 26.94 28.67 30.39 32.12 33.86 35.59 37.33 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 23.13 25.14 27.13 29.12 31.11 33.10 35.10 37.10 39.11 41.11 43.12 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 26.48 28.74 31.01 33.28 35.56 37.84 40.13 42.42 44.71 47.01 49.31 51.61 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 32.56 35.13 37.70 40.29 42.88 45.47 48.07 50.68 53.28 55.89 58.51 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 36.59 39.48 42.38 45.29 48.21 51.13 54.06 56.99 59.92 62.87 65.81 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 40.85 44.08 47.32 50.57 53.83 57.10 60.37 63.65 66.93 70.22 73.52 76.81 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 48.91 52.51 56.12 59.74 63.37 67.01 70.65 74.30 77.96 81.62 85.29 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 53.98 57.95 61.94 65.94 69.95 73.97 78.00 82.04 86.08 90.12 94.18 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 59.27 63.65 68.03 72.43 76.84 81.26 85.69 90.12 94.57 99.02 103.48 107.95

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 69.58 74.38 79.20 84.02 88.86 93.71 98.57 103.44 108.31 113.19 118.08

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 75.77 81.00 86.25 91.51 96.78 102.07 107.37 112.67 117.99 123.32 128.65

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 82.20 87.88 93.57 99.29 105.01 110.76 116.51 122.28 128.05 133.84 139.63

DBH = diameter at breast height.
59

Table D-4—Stem volume to live crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.4

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.62 1.82 2.01 2.21 2.40 2.60 2.79 2.98 3.18 3.37 3.56 3.75 3.93 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.56 2.93 3.31 3.69 4.07 4.46 4.85 5.23 5.62 6.01 6.40 6.79 7.18 7.57 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 4.09 4.64 5.20 5.77 6.34 6.92 7.50 8.08 8.66 9.25 9.83 10.42 11.01 11.60 — — — — —9 — — — — — 6.07 6.82 7.58 8.35 9.12 9.90 10.68 11.46 12.25 13.04 13.83 14.63 15.41 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.56 9.49 10.44 11.38 12.33 13.28 14.22 15.17 16.12 17.07 18.02 18.97 19.92 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.45 12.59 13.73 14.87 16.01 17.16 18.30 19.45 20.60 21.75 22.90 24.04 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 14.93 16.28 17.64 19.00 20.36 21.72 23.08 24.44 25.81 27.17 28.54 29.90 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 17.47 19.05 20.64 22.23 23.82 25.41 27.01 28.61 30.20 31.80 33.40 35.00 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 22.02 23.86 25.70 27.54 29.39 31.23 33.08 34.93 36.78 38.64 40.49 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 25.20 27.30 29.41 31.52 33.63 35.75 37.87 39.99 42.11 44.23 46.36 48.48 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 30.97 33.36 35.76 38.16 40.56 42.97 45.37 47.78 50.20 52.61 55.02 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 34.85 37.55 40.25 42.95 45.66 48.37 51.08 53.80 56.52 59.24 61.96 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 38.96 41.97 44.99 48.01 51.04 54.08 57.11 60.15 63.20 66.24 69.29 72.34 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.62 49.98 53.34 56.71 60.09 63.46 66.85 70.23 73.62 77.01 80.40 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 51.51 55.22 58.94 62.67 66.40 70.13 73.87 77.62 81.36 85.11 88.86 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 56.62 60.71 64.80 68.90 73.01 77.12 81.23 85.35 89.48 93.61 97.74 101.87

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 66.44 70.92 75.41 79.91 84.41 88.92 93.44 97.96 102.48 107.01 111.54

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 72.41 77.30 82.20 87.11 92.02 96.94 101.87 106.80 111.74 116.68 121.62

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 78.63 83.94 89.27 94.60 99.94 105.29 110.64 116.01 121.37 126.74 132.12

DBH = diameter at breast height.
60

Table D-5—Stem volume to live crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.5

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.61 1.80 2.00 2.19 2.39 2.58 2.77 2.96 3.15 3.34 3.53 3.72 3.91 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.54 2.91 3.28 3.66 4.04 4.42 4.80 5.18 5.57 5.96 6.34 6.73 7.12 7.50 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 3.96 4.50 5.04 5.58 6.12 6.67 7.21 7.75 8.30 8.84 9.38 9.92 10.47 11.01 — — — — —9 — — — — — 5.69 6.37 7.06 7.74 8.43 9.12 9.81 10.49 11.18 11.86 12.55 13.24 13.92 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 7.86 8.71 9.55 10.40 11.25 12.09 12.94 13.79 14.63 15.48 16.33 17.17 18.02 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 10.52 11.55 12.57 13.59 14.62 15.64 16.67 17.69 18.71 19.74 20.76 21.78 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 13.73 14.94 16.16 17.38 18.59 19.81 21.03 22.24 23.46 24.68 25.89 27.11 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 16.09 17.51 18.94 20.37 21.79 23.22 24.65 26.07 27.50 28.93 30.35 31.78 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 20.29 21.94 23.59 25.24 26.90 28.55 30.20 31.85 33.51 35.16 36.81 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 23.26 25.15 27.04 28.94 30.83 32.73 34.63 36.52 38.42 40.31 42.21 44.10 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 28.57 30.73 32.88 35.03 37.19 39.34 41.50 43.65 45.81 47.96 50.12 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 32.21 34.64 37.06 39.49 41.92 44.35 46.78 49.21 51.64 54.07 56.50 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 36.06 38.77 41.49 44.21 46.93 49.66 52.38 55.10 57.82 60.54 63.27 65.99 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 43.14 46.16 49.19 52.22 55.25 58.28 61.31 64.34 67.37 70.40 73.43 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 47.73 51.08 54.43 57.78 61.13 64.48 67.84 71.19 74.54 77.90 81.25 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 52.54 56.23 59.91 63.61 67.30 70.99 74.68 78.38 82.07 85.77 89.46 93.16

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 61.62 65.66 69.70 73.75 77.80 81.85 85.90 89.95 94.01 98.06 102.11

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 67.24 71.66 76.07 80.49 84.91 89.34 93.76 98.18 102.61 107.03 111.46

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 73.11 77.90 82.71 87.52 92.32 97.13 101.95 106.76 111.57 116.39 121.20

DBH = diameter at breast height.
61

Table D-6—Stem volume to live crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.6

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — 1.60 1.79 1.99 2.18 2.37 2.56 2.75 2.94 3.13 3.32 3.51 3.70 3.89 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.28 2.63 2.98 3.34 3.70 4.05 4.41 4.76 5.11 5.47 5.82 6.17 6.53 6.88 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 3.45 3.91 4.37 4.84 5.30 5.77 6.23 6.69 7.15 7.61 8.07 8.53 8.99 9.45 — — — — —9 — — — — — 4.96 5.55 6.14 6.72 7.31 7.89 8.48 9.06 9.65 10.23 10.81 11.39 11.97 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 6.86 7.59 8.31 9.03 9.76 10.48 11.20 11.92 12.64 13.36 14.08 14.79 15.51 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 9.19 10.07 10.94 11.82 12.69 13.56 14.43 15.30 16.17 17.04 17.91 18.78 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 11.99 13.03 14.07 15.11 16.15 17.19 18.22 19.26 20.29 21.32 22.35 23.38 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 14.09 15.31 16.53 17.75 18.96 20.18 21.39 22.61 23.82 25.03 26.24 27.45 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 17.76 19.18 20.59 22.00 23.41 24.82 26.23 27.63 29.04 30.44 31.84 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 20.40 22.02 23.64 25.26 26.88 28.50 30.11 31.72 33.33 34.95 36.56 38.16 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 25.06 26.91 28.75 30.59 32.43 34.26 36.10 37.93 39.76 41.59 43.42 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 28.30 30.38 32.46 34.53 36.61 38.68 40.75 42.82 44.89 46.95 49.01 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 31.73 34.06 36.39 38.72 41.04 43.36 45.68 48.00 50.32 52.63 54.94 57.25 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 37.95 40.55 43.14 45.72 48.31 50.89 53.48 56.06 58.63 61.21 63.78 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 42.05 44.92 47.79 50.66 53.52 56.38 59.24 62.10 64.96 67.81 70.66 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 46.36 49.52 52.68 55.84 59.00 62.15 65.30 68.45 71.60 74.74 77.88 81.02

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 54.34 57.81 61.27 64.74 68.20 71.65 75.11 78.56 82.01 85.46 88.90

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 59.38 63.17 66.95 70.74 74.52 78.29 82.07 85.84 89.61 93.37 97.14

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 64.65 68.77 72.88 77.00 81.11 85.22 89.33 93.44 97.54 101.64 105.74

DBH = diameter at breast height.
62

Table D-7—Stem volume to live crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.7

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — — 1.53 1.74 1.95 2.16 2.36 2.57 2.78 2.98 3.19 3.39 3.59 3.80 — — — — — — —7 — — — — 2.10 2.38 2.67 2.95 3.23 3.51 3.79 4.07 4.35 4.63 4.91 5.18 5.46 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 2.76 3.13 3.50 3.87 4.24 4.61 4.97 5.34 5.70 6.06 6.43 6.79 7.15 7.51 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 3.98 4.45 4.92 5.38 5.85 6.31 6.77 7.24 7.69 8.15 8.61 9.07 9.52 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 5.52 6.09 6.67 7.24 7.81 8.38 8.95 9.52 10.09 10.65 11.22 11.78 12.34 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 7.40 8.09 8.79 9.48 10.17 10.86 11.54 12.23 12.91 13.59 14.28 14.96 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 9.66 10.48 11.31 12.13 12.95 13.77 14.58 15.39 16.21 17.02 17.82 18.63 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 11.36 12.33 13.30 14.26 15.22 16.18 17.14 18.10 19.05 20.00 20.95 21.90 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 14.33 15.45 16.57 17.69 18.80 19.91 21.02 22.12 23.23 24.33 25.43 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 16.49 17.77 19.06 20.34 21.61 22.89 24.16 25.43 26.69 27.96 29.22 30.48 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 20.26 21.72 23.17 24.63 26.08 27.52 28.97 30.41 31.84 33.28 34.71 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 22.90 24.55 26.20 27.84 29.47 31.11 32.74 34.36 35.99 37.61 39.22 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 25.72 27.56 29.41 31.25 33.08 34.91 36.74 38.56 40.38 42.20 44.01 45.82 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 30.75 32.81 34.85 36.90 38.94 40.97 43.00 45.03 47.05 49.08 51.09 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 34.12 36.39 38.66 40.93 43.18 45.44 47.69 49.94 52.18 54.42 56.65 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 37.66 40.16 42.66 45.16 47.65 50.14 52.62 55.10 57.57 60.04 62.50 64.96

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 44.12 46.87 49.61 52.34 55.07 57.79 60.51 63.22 65.93 68.64 71.34

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 48.27 51.27 54.27 57.25 60.23 63.21 66.18 69.14 72.10 75.06 78.01

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 52.61 55.88 59.13 62.38 65.63 68.87 72.10 75.33 78.56 81.77 84.99

DBH = diameter at breast height.
63

Table D-8—Stem volume to live crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.8

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — — — — — — 1.63 1.77 1.92 2.06 2.20 2.34 2.47 2.61 — — — — — — —

7 — — — — — — — — 2.23 2.43 2.62 2.81 3.00 3.19 3.38 3.57 3.75 — — — — — —8 — — — — — — — — 2.93 3.18 3.43 3.68 3.93 4.18 4.43 4.67 4.92 5.16 — — — — —

9 — — — — — — — — 3.73 4.05 4.36 4.68 4.99 5.31 5.62 5.93 6.24 6.55 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — — — 4.62 5.02 5.41 5.80 6.18 6.57 6.96 7.34 7.72 8.10 8.48 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — — 5.61 6.09 6.56 7.04 7.50 7.97 8.44 8.90 9.36 9.82 10.28 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 6.71 7.27 7.84 8.40 8.96 9.51 10.06 10.61 11.16 11.71 12.25 12.80 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 7.90 8.56 9.23 9.88 10.54 11.19 11.84 12.48 13.13 13.77 14.41 15.04 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 9.96 10.73 11.49 12.25 13.01 13.76 14.51 15.25 16.00 16.74 17.47 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 11.47 12.35 13.23 14.10 14.96 15.83 16.69 17.54 18.39 19.24 20.09 20.93 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 14.09 15.09 16.08 17.06 18.04 19.02 19.99 20.96 21.93 22.89 23.85 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 15.95 17.07 18.19 19.30 20.40 21.51 22.61 23.70 24.79 25.87 26.96 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 17.92 19.18 20.43 21.68 22.92 24.16 25.39 26.61 27.83 29.05 30.26 31.47 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 21.42 22.81 24.20 25.58 26.96 28.33 29.69 31.05 32.40 33.75 35.10 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 23.78 25.32 26.86 28.39 29.92 31.44 32.95 34.45 35.95 37.44 38.93 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 26.27 27.97 29.67 31.35 33.04 34.71 36.37 38.03 39.68 41.33 42.97 44.61

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 30.76 32.61 34.46 36.31 38.15 39.97 41.79 43.60 45.41 47.21 49.00

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 33.67 35.71 37.73 39.74 41.75 43.74 45.73 47.71 49.68 51.65 53.61

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 36.73 38.94 41.14 43.33 45.52 47.69 49.85 52.01 54.15 56.29 58.43

DBH = diameter at breast height.
64

Table D-9—Stem volume to live crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.9

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Cubic feet

1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —7 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —8 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

10 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.21 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.11 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.09 6.34 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.45 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.65 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.94 10.33 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 11.33 11.77 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12.81 13.30 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 14.38 14.93 15.46 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.04 16.65 17.25 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.79 18.47 19.13 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 19.64 20.39 21.11 21.82

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 21.58 22.40 23.19 23.97

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 23.62 24.51 25.37 26.21

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 25.75 26.71 27.65 28.57

DBH = diameter at breast height.
65

Appendix 

E: Diameter 

Outside Bark 

at Crown Base

Table E-1—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.1

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 0.37 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.36 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.55 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.66 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 0.63 0.65 0.70 0.74 0.77 0.80 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.93 — — — — — — — — — —4 0.65 0.70 0.78 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.99 1.02 1.05 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.15 1.17 — — — — — — — — —5 — 0.72 0.82 0.91 0.99 1.05 1.11 1.16 1.20 1.24 1.27 1.30 1.33 1.36 1.38 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 0.84 0.95 1.05 1.13 1.20 1.26 1.32 1.37 1.41 1.45 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 — — — — — — —7 — — — 0.97 1.08 1.18 1.27 1.35 1.41 1.47 1.53 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.77 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 1.10 1.22 1.32 1.41 1.49 1.56 1.63 1.68 1.74 1.79 1.83 1.88 1.91 1.95 — — — — —9 — — — — — 1.23 1.35 1.45 1.55 1.63 1.71 1.77 1.84 1.89 1.95 2.00 2.04 2.09 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 1.37 1.49 1.59 1.68 1.77 1.85 1.92 1.99 2.05 2.10 2.16 2.21 2.25 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 1.50 1.62 1.72 1.82 1.91 1.99 2.06 2.13 2.20 2.26 2.31 2.36 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 1.64 1.75 1.86 1.96 2.05 2.13 2.21 2.28 2.34 2.41 2.47 2.52 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 1.65 1.77 1.89 1.99 2.09 2.18 2.27 2.35 2.42 2.49 2.55 2.62 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 1.78 1.91 2.02 2.13 2.23 2.32 2.41 2.49 2.56 2.63 2.70 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 1.78 1.92 2.04 2.15 2.26 2.36 2.45 2.54 2.62 2.70 2.78 2.84 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 1.92 2.05 2.17 2.29 2.39 2.50 2.59 2.68 2.76 2.84 2.92 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 1.91 2.05 2.18 2.31 2.42 2.53 2.63 2.72 2.81 2.90 2.98 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 1.90 2.05 2.19 2.32 2.44 2.55 2.66 2.76 2.86 2.95 3.04 3.12 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 2.04 2.19 2.32 2.45 2.57 2.69 2.79 2.90 2.99 3.08 3.17 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 2.03 2.18 2.32 2.46 2.58 2.71 2.82 2.93 3.03 3.13 3.22 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 2.01 2.17 2.32 2.46 2.59 2.72 2.84 2.95 3.06 3.16 3.26 3.35

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.15 2.31 2.45 2.59 2.73 2.85 2.97 3.08 3.19 3.29 3.39

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.13 2.29 2.45 2.59 2.73 2.86 2.98 3.10 3.22 3.32 3.43

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.11 2.27 2.43 2.58 2.73 2.86 2.99 3.12 3.23 3.35 3.46

DBH = diameter at breast height.
66

Table E-2—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.2

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 0.54 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.49 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 0.92 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 1.17 1.09 1.11 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.23 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 — — — — — — — — — —4 1.34 1.27 1.31 1.36 1.40 1.44 1.47 1.50 1.53 1.56 1.58 1.60 1.61 1.63 — — — — — — — — —5 — 1.39 1.46 1.53 1.60 1.66 1.71 1.75 1.79 1.83 1.86 1.89 1.91 1.94 1.96 — — — — — — — —6 — — 1.56 1.67 1.76 1.84 1.91 1.97 2.02 2.07 2.11 2.15 2.18 2.21 2.24 2.27 — — — — — — —7 — — — 1.77 1.89 1.99 2.07 2.15 2.22 2.28 2.33 2.38 2.42 2.46 2.50 2.53 2.56 — — — — — —8 — — — — 1.98 2.11 2.21 2.31 2.39 2.46 2.53 2.59 2.64 2.69 2.74 2.78 2.82 2.85 — — — — —9 — — — — — 2.20 2.33 2.44 2.54 2.63 2.71 2.78 2.84 2.90 2.95 3.00 3.05 3.09 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 2.42 2.55 2.67 2.77 2.86 2.95 3.02 3.09 3.15 3.21 3.27 3.32 3.36 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 2.65 2.78 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.18 3.26 3.33 3.40 3.46 3.52 3.58 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 2.87 3.00 3.12 3.23 3.33 3.42 3.50 3.58 3.65 3.71 3.77 3.83 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 2.95 3.09 3.23 3.35 3.46 3.56 3.65 3.74 3.81 3.89 3.96 4.02 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 3.17 3.32 3.45 3.57 3.68 3.79 3.88 3.97 4.05 4.13 4.20 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 3.23 3.39 3.54 3.67 3.80 3.91 4.01 4.11 4.20 4.29 4.37 4.44 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 3.46 3.62 3.76 3.90 4.02 4.13 4.24 4.34 4.43 4.52 4.60 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 3.51 3.68 3.84 3.99 4.12 4.24 4.36 4.47 4.57 4.66 4.75 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 3.56 3.74 3.91 4.06 4.21 4.34 4.47 4.58 4.69 4.80 4.89 4.99 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 3.79 3.97 4.13 4.29 4.43 4.57 4.69 4.81 4.92 5.02 5.12 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 3.82 4.01 4.19 4.36 4.51 4.65 4.79 4.91 5.03 5.14 5.25 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 3.85 4.05 4.24 4.42 4.58 4.73 4.88 5.01 5.14 5.26 5.37 5.48

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.08 4.28 4.47 4.64 4.80 4.95 5.10 5.23 5.36 5.48 5.59

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.11 4.32 4.51 4.69 4.87 5.03 5.18 5.32 5.45 5.58 5.70

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.12 4.34 4.55 4.74 4.92 5.09 5.25 5.40 5.54 5.68 5.80

DBH = diameter at breast height.
67

Table E-3—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.3

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 0.70 0.63 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.59 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 1.28 1.13 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.10 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 1.77 1.55 1.52 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.58 1.59 — — — — — — — — — —4 2.18 1.91 1.87 1.88 1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.04 2.05 — — — — — — — — —5 — 2.20 2.18 2.20 2.24 2.28 2.31 2.34 2.36 2.39 2.41 2.43 2.45 2.47 2.48 — — — — — — — —6 — — 2.43 2.48 2.54 2.59 2.64 2.68 2.72 2.75 2.78 2.81 2.84 2.86 2.88 2.90 — — — — — — —7 — — — 2.72 2.80 2.87 2.94 2.99 3.04 3.09 3.13 3.17 3.20 3.23 3.26 3.29 3.31 — — — — — —8 — — — — 3.03 3.12 3.21 3.28 3.34 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.54 3.58 3.62 3.65 3.68 3.71 — — — — —9 — — — — — 3.35 3.45 3.54 3.62 3.69 3.76 3.81 3.87 3.91 3.96 4.00 4.04 4.07 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 3.67 3.78 3.87 3.96 4.04 4.10 4.17 4.22 4.28 4.33 4.37 4.41 4.45 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 3.99 4.11 4.21 4.30 4.38 4.45 4.52 4.58 4.64 4.69 4.74 4.78 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 4.32 4.44 4.54 4.63 4.72 4.79 4.86 4.93 4.99 5.05 5.10 5.15 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 4.51 4.65 4.76 4.87 4.97 5.05 5.13 5.21 5.28 5.34 5.40 5.46 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 4.84 4.97 5.09 5.20 5.30 5.39 5.47 5.55 5.62 5.69 5.75 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 5.02 5.17 5.30 5.42 5.53 5.63 5.72 5.81 5.89 5.97 6.04 6.10 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 5.34 5.49 5.62 5.75 5.86 5.96 6.06 6.15 6.23 6.31 6.38 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 5.51 5.67 5.82 5.95 6.07 6.19 6.29 6.39 6.48 6.57 6.65 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 5.66 5.84 6.00 6.14 6.28 6.40 6.52 6.62 6.72 6.82 6.90 6.99 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 5.99 6.16 6.32 6.47 6.60 6.73 6.84 6.95 7.05 7.15 7.24 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 6.13 6.32 6.49 6.65 6.79 6.93 7.05 7.17 7.28 7.38 7.48 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 6.26 6.46 6.65 6.82 6.97 7.12 7.25 7.38 7.50 7.61 7.71 7.81

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.59 6.79 6.97 7.14 7.30 7.44 7.58 7.71 7.83 7.94 8.04

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.72 6.93 7.12 7.30 7.47 7.62 7.77 7.90 8.03 8.15 8.27

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.83 7.05 7.26 7.45 7.63 7.79 7.95 8.09 8.23 8.36 8.48

DBH = diameter at breast height.
68

Table E-4—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.4

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 0.84 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.68 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 1.62 1.40 1.34 1.31 1.30 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.28 1.28 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

3 2.35 2.00 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.87 1.87 — — — — — — — — — —

4 3.03 2.55 2.44 2.40 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.41 2.42 2.42 2.43 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 3.05 2.92 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.89 2.90 2.91 2.92 2.94 2.95 2.96 2.96 2.97 — — — — — — — —6 — — 3.36 3.33 3.33 3.35 3.36 3.38 3.40 3.42 3.44 3.45 3.47 3.48 3.49 3.50 — — — — — — —7 — — — 3.75 3.76 3.78 3.81 3.84 3.87 3.89 3.91 3.94 3.96 3.97 3.99 4.01 4.02 — — — — — —8 — — — — 4.16 4.19 4.23 4.27 4.31 4.34 4.37 4.40 4.43 4.45 4.47 4.50 4.52 4.53 — — — — —9 — — — — — 4.58 4.63 4.68 4.73 4.77 4.81 4.85 4.88 4.91 4.94 4.97 4.99 5.01 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 5.01 5.07 5.13 5.18 5.23 5.28 5.32 5.35 5.39 5.42 5.45 5.48 5.51 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 5.44 5.51 5.58 5.63 5.69 5.74 5.78 5.82 5.86 5.90 5.93 5.97 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 5.88 5.95 6.02 6.09 6.14 6.20 6.25 6.29 6.33 6.37 6.41 6.45 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 6.22 6.31 6.39 6.47 6.53 6.60 6.65 6.71 6.75 6.80 6.84 6.88 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 6.66 6.75 6.84 6.91 6.98 7.05 7.11 7.16 7.22 7.26 7.31 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 6.99 7.09 7.19 7.28 7.36 7.43 7.50 7.56 7.62 7.67 7.73 7.77 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 7.42 7.53 7.63 7.72 7.80 7.87 7.95 8.01 8.07 8.13 8.18 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 7.74 7.86 7.96 8.06 8.16 8.24 8.32 8.39 8.46 8.52 8.58 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 8.04 8.17 8.29 8.40 8.50 8.60 8.68 8.76 8.84 8.91 8.98 9.04 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 8.47 8.61 8.73 8.84 8.94 9.04 9.12 9.21 9.28 9.36 9.42 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 8.76 8.91 9.04 9.16 9.27 9.38 9.47 9.56 9.65 9.73 9.80 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 9.04 9.20 9.34 9.48 9.60 9.71 9.82 9.91 10.00 10.09 10.17 10.25

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.48 9.64 9.78 9.91 10.03 10.15 10.25 10.35 10.44 10.53 10.61

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.75 9.92 10.07 10.21 10.35 10.47 10.58 10.69 10.79 10.88 10.97

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 10.01 10.19 10.36 10.51 10.65 10.78 10.90 11.02 11.13 11.23 11.32

DBH = diameter at breast height.
69

Table E-5—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.5

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 0.96 0.84 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.76 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 1.91 1.64 1.56 1.51 1.49 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.45 1.45 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

3 2.85 2.41 2.27 2.21 2.18 2.16 2.15 2.14 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.12 2.12 — — — — — — — — — —4 3.78 3.15 2.96 2.88 2.84 2.82 2.80 2.79 2.79 2.79 2.78 2.78 2.78 2.78 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 3.85 3.62 3.53 3.48 3.45 3.44 3.43 3.43 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.43 3.43 — — — — — — — —6 — — 4.26 4.14 4.09 4.07 4.05 4.05 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.06 4.06 — — — — — — —7 — — — 4.74 4.68 4.66 4.65 4.64 4.64 4.65 4.65 4.66 4.66 4.67 4.67 4.68 4.69 — — — — — —8 — — — — 5.25 5.23 5.22 5.22 5.23 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.30 — — — — —9 — — — — — 5.79 5.78 5.79 5.80 5.81 5.82 5.83 5.85 5.86 5.87 5.88 5.89 5.90 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 6.33 6.34 6.35 6.37 6.38 6.40 6.42 6.43 6.45 6.47 6.48 6.49 6.51 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 6.87 6.89 6.91 6.94 6.96 6.98 7.00 7.02 7.04 7.06 7.07 7.09 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 7.42 7.45 7.47 7.50 7.53 7.55 7.58 7.60 7.62 7.64 7.66 7.68 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 7.93 7.97 8.00 8.03 8.07 8.10 8.13 8.15 8.18 8.20 8.23 8.25 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 8.48 8.52 8.56 8.59 8.63 8.66 8.69 8.72 8.75 8.78 8.81 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 8.97 9.02 9.07 9.11 9.15 9.19 9.23 9.26 9.30 9.33 9.35 9.38 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 9.51 9.57 9.62 9.67 9.71 9.75 9.79 9.83 9.86 9.90 9.93 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 10.00 10.06 10.12 10.17 10.22 10.27 10.31 10.35 10.39 10.43 10.47 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 10.47 10.54 10.60 10.66 10.72 10.77 10.82 10.87 10.91 10.96 11.00 11.03 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 11.01 11.08 11.15 11.21 11.27 11.33 11.38 11.43 11.47 11.52 11.56 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 11.47 11.55 11.63 11.70 11.76 11.82 11.88 11.93 11.99 12.03 12.08 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 11.92 12.01 12.09 12.17 12.24 12.31 12.37 12.43 12.49 12.54 12.59 12.64

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 12.46 12.55 12.64 12.72 12.79 12.86 12.92 12.99 13.04 13.10 13.15

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 12.91 13.00 13.10 13.18 13.26 13.34 13.41 13.47 13.54 13.60 13.65

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 13.34 13.45 13.55 13.64 13.73 13.81 13.89 13.96 14.03 14.09 14.15

DBH = diameter at breast height.
70

Table E-6—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.6

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 1.06 0.93 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.83 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 2.14 1.85 1.75 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.63 1.62 1.61 1.60 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

3 3.24 2.76 2.59 2.51 2.46 2.43 2.41 2.39 2.38 2.37 2.36 2.36 2.35 — — — — — — — — — —

4 4.35 3.65 3.42 3.31 3.25 3.21 3.18 3.16 3.14 3.13 3.12 3.11 3.11 3.10 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 4.54 4.24 4.10 4.02 3.97 3.93 3.91 3.89 3.88 3.87 3.86 3.85 3.85 3.84 — — — — — — — —6 — — 5.04 4.87 4.77 4.71 4.67 4.65 4.63 4.61 4.60 4.59 4.58 4.58 4.57 4.57 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 5.63 5.52 5.45 5.41 5.37 5.35 5.34 5.33 5.32 5.31 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.29 — — — — — —8 — — — — 6.25 6.17 6.13 6.09 6.07 6.05 6.04 6.03 6.02 6.02 6.02 6.01 6.01 6.01 — — — — —9 — — — — — 6.89 6.83 6.80 6.78 6.76 6.75 6.74 6.73 6.73 6.72 6.72 6.72 6.72 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 7.53 7.50 7.47 7.46 7.44 7.44 7.43 7.43 7.43 7.42 7.42 7.42 7.42 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 8.19 8.16 8.14 8.13 8.13 8.12 8.12 8.12 8.12 8.12 8.12 8.12 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 8.84 8.83 8.82 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.82 8.82 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 9.51 9.50 9.49 9.49 9.48 9.48 9.49 9.49 9.49 9.50 9.50 9.51 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 10.16 10.16 10.15 10.15 10.16 10.16 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.18 10.19 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 10.82 10.82 10.82 10.82 10.82 10.83 10.83 10.84 10.85 10.86 10.86 10.87 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 11.47 11.47 11.47 11.48 11.49 11.50 11.51 11.52 11.53 11.54 11.54 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.13 12.14 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 12.75 12.76 12.77 12.78 12.79 12.81 12.82 12.83 12.85 12.86 12.87 12.89 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 13.39 13.41 13.42 13.44 13.45 13.47 13.49 13.50 13.52 13.53 13.55 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 14.02 14.04 14.06 14.08 14.09 14.11 14.13 14.15 14.17 14.18 14.20 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 14.65 14.67 14.69 14.71 14.73 14.75 14.77 14.79 14.81 14.83 14.85 14.87

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.29 15.31 15.34 15.36 15.38 15.41 15.43 15.45 15.48 15.50 15.52

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.90 15.93 15.96 15.99 16.01 16.04 16.07 16.09 16.12 16.14 16.16

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.51 16.54 16.57 16.60 16.64 16.67 16.69 16.72 16.75 16.78 16.80

DBH = diameter at breast height.
71

Table E-7—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.7

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 1.14 1.01 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.90 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 2.31 2.02 1.91 1.85 1.81 1.79 1.77 1.76 1.75 1.74 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 3.52 3.04 2.86 2.77 2.71 2.67 2.64 2.62 2.60 2.59 2.58 2.57 2.56 — — — — — — — — — —

4 4.75 4.05 3.80 3.68 3.60 3.54 3.51 3.48 3.46 3.44 3.42 3.41 3.40 3.39 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 5.07 4.75 4.58 4.48 4.41 4.37 4.33 4.30 4.28 4.26 4.25 4.23 4.22 4.21 — — — — — — — —6 — — 5.68 5.48 5.36 5.28 5.22 5.18 5.14 5.12 5.09 5.08 5.06 5.05 5.04 5.03 — — — — — — —

7 — — — 6.37 6.23 6.13 6.07 6.02 5.98 5.95 5.92 5.90 5.89 5.87 5.86 5.85 5.84 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 7.09 6.98 6.91 6.85 6.81 6.77 6.75 6.72 6.70 6.69 6.67 6.66 6.65 6.64 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 7.83 7.74 7.68 7.63 7.59 7.56 7.54 7.52 7.50 7.49 7.47 7.46 7.45 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 8.58 8.51 8.45 8.41 8.38 8.35 8.33 8.31 8.29 8.28 8.27 8.26 8.25 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 9.33 9.27 9.22 9.19 9.16 9.13 9.11 9.10 9.08 9.07 9.06 9.05 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 10.08 10.03 9.99 9.96 9.94 9.91 9.90 9.88 9.87 9.86 9.85 9.84 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 10.89 10.84 10.80 10.76 10.73 10.71 10.69 10.68 10.66 10.65 10.64 10.63 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 11.64 11.59 11.56 11.53 11.51 11.49 11.47 11.45 11.44 11.43 11.42 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 12.43 12.39 12.35 12.32 12.30 12.27 12.26 12.24 12.23 12.22 12.21 12.20 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 13.18 13.14 13.11 13.08 13.06 13.04 13.03 13.01 13.00 12.99 12.99 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 13.97 13.93 13.89 13.87 13.84 13.83 13.81 13.80 13.79 13.78 13.77 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 14.75 14.71 14.67 14.65 14.62 14.60 14.59 14.58 14.56 14.55 14.55 14.54 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 15.49 15.45 15.42 15.40 15.38 15.37 15.35 15.34 15.33 15.32 15.32 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 16.26 16.23 16.20 16.17 16.15 16.14 16.13 16.11 16.10 16.10 16.09 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 17.03 17.00 16.97 16.95 16.93 16.91 16.90 16.89 16.88 16.87 16.86 16.86

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.77 17.74 17.71 17.69 17.68 17.66 17.65 17.64 17.64 17.63 17.63

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 18.53 18.50 18.48 18.46 18.44 18.43 18.42 18.41 18.40 18.40 18.39

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 19.29 19.26 19.24 19.22 19.21 19.19 19.18 19.17 19.17 19.16 19.16

DBH = diameter at breast height.
72

Table E-8—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.8

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 1.20 1.08 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.96 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 2.45 2.17 2.05 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.88 1.87 1.86 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 3.72 3.27 3.09 2.99 2.92 2.88 2.85 2.82 2.80 2.79 2.77 2.76 2.75 — — — — — — — — — —

4 5.02 4.37 4.12 3.99 3.90 3.84 3.79 3.76 3.73 3.71 3.69 3.68 3.66 3.65 — — — — — — — — —

5 — 5.49 5.16 4.98 4.87 4.79 4.74 4.69 4.66 4.63 4.61 4.59 4.57 4.56 4.54 — — — — — — — —6 — — 6.20 5.98 5.84 5.75 5.68 5.63 5.59 5.55 5.52 5.50 5.48 5.46 5.44 5.43 — — — — — — —7 — — — 6.98 6.82 6.70 6.62 6.56 6.51 6.47 6.44 6.41 6.38 6.36 6.34 6.33 6.31 — — — — — —8 — — — — 7.79 7.66 7.56 7.49 7.43 7.39 7.35 7.31 7.29 7.26 7.24 7.22 7.21 7.19 — — — — —9 — — — — — 8.61 8.50 8.42 8.35 8.30 8.26 8.22 8.19 8.16 8.14 8.12 8.10 8.08 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 9.44 9.34 9.27 9.21 9.16 9.12 9.09 9.06 9.03 9.01 8.99 8.97 8.95 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 10.27 10.19 10.12 10.07 10.03 9.99 9.95 9.92 9.90 9.88 9.86 9.84 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 11.11 11.03 10.98 10.93 10.88 10.85 10.82 10.79 10.76 10.74 10.72 10.70 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 12.02 11.94 11.88 11.83 11.78 11.74 11.71 11.67 11.65 11.62 11.60 11.58 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 12.85 12.78 12.72 12.67 12.63 12.59 12.56 12.53 12.51 12.48 12.46 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 13.76 13.68 13.62 13.57 13.52 13.48 13.45 13.41 13.39 13.36 13.34 13.32 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 14.58 14.51 14.46 14.41 14.37 14.33 14.30 14.27 14.24 14.22 14.19 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 15.48 15.41 15.35 15.30 15.25 15.21 15.18 15.15 15.12 15.09 15.07 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 16.38 16.30 16.24 16.18 16.13 16.09 16.06 16.02 15.99 15.97 15.94 15.92 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 17.19 17.13 17.07 17.02 16.97 16.93 16.90 16.87 16.84 16.81 16.79 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 18.08 18.01 17.95 17.90 17.85 17.81 17.77 17.74 17.71 17.68 17.66 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 18.97 18.90 18.83 18.78 18.73 18.69 18.65 18.61 18.58 18.55 18.53 18.50

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 19.78 19.71 19.66 19.60 19.56 19.52 19.48 19.45 19.42 19.40 19.37

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 20.66 20.59 20.53 20.48 20.43 20.39 20.35 20.32 20.29 20.26 20.24

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 21.55 21.47 21.41 21.35 21.30 21.26 21.22 21.19 21.16 21.13 21.10

DBH = diameter at breast height.
73

Table E-9—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 0.9

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 1.30 1.16 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.03 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2 2.66 2.35 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.04 2.02 2.00 1.99 — — — — — — — — — — — — —3 4.06 3.56 3.35 3.23 3.15 3.10 3.06 3.03 3.00 2.98 2.96 2.95 2.93 — — — — — — — — — —

4 5.47 4.77 4.48 4.32 4.22 4.14 4.08 4.04 4.00 3.97 3.95 3.93 3.91 3.89 — — — — — — — — —5 — 6.00 5.63 5.42 5.28 5.18 5.11 5.05 5.01 4.97 4.94 4.91 4.89 4.86 4.85 — — — — — — — —

6 — — 6.77 6.51 6.35 6.23 6.14 6.07 6.01 5.96 5.92 5.89 5.86 5.84 5.81 5.79 — — — — — — —7 — — — 7.61 7.41 7.27 7.16 7.08 7.01 6.96 6.91 6.87 6.84 6.81 6.78 6.75 6.73 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 8.48 8.32 8.19 8.10 8.02 7.95 7.90 7.85 7.81 7.78 7.74 7.72 7.69 7.67 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 9.37 9.22 9.11 9.02 8.95 8.89 8.83 8.79 8.75 8.71 8.68 8.65 8.62 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 10.25 10.13 10.03 9.94 9.87 9.81 9.76 9.72 9.67 9.64 9.61 9.58 9.55 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 11.14 11.03 10.94 10.86 10.79 10.74 10.68 10.64 10.60 10.56 10.53 10.50 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 12.04 11.93 11.85 11.77 11.71 11.65 11.60 11.56 11.52 11.48 11.45 11.42 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 13.04 12.93 12.83 12.75 12.68 12.62 12.57 12.52 12.47 12.43 12.40 12.37 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 13.92 13.82 13.73 13.66 13.59 13.53 13.48 13.43 13.39 13.35 13.31 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 14.92 14.81 14.71 14.63 14.56 14.49 14.43 14.38 14.34 14.29 14.26 14.22 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 15.79 15.69 15.60 15.52 15.45 15.39 15.34 15.29 15.24 15.20 15.16 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 16.78 16.67 16.57 16.49 16.42 16.35 16.29 16.24 16.19 16.14 16.10 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 17.76 17.65 17.54 17.46 17.38 17.31 17.24 17.19 17.13 17.09 17.04 17.00 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 18.62 18.52 18.42 18.34 18.26 18.20 18.14 18.08 18.03 17.98 17.94 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 19.60 19.49 19.39 19.30 19.22 19.15 19.08 19.03 18.97 18.92 18.88 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 20.58 20.46 20.35 20.26 20.17 20.10 20.03 19.97 19.91 19.86 19.81 19.77

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 21.43 21.32 21.22 21.13 21.05 20.98 20.91 20.85 20.80 20.75 20.70

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 22.40 22.28 22.18 22.08 22.00 21.93 21.86 21.79 21.74 21.68 21.64

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 23.37 23.25 23.14 23.04 22.95 22.87 22.80 22.73 22.67 22.62 22.57

DBH = diameter at breast height.
74

Table E-10—Diameter outside bark at crown base for red alder with a crown ratio of 1.0

Total height (feet)

DBH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120Inches Inches

1 2.01 1.64 1.50 1.41 1.36 1.32 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —2 4.47 3.55 3.19 2.98 2.85 2.76 2.69 2.64 2.59 2.56 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

3 7.21 5.61 4.99 4.65 4.43 4.27 4.15 4.06 3.99 3.93 3.88 3.83 3.79 — — — — — — — — — —

4 10.20 7.81 6.88 6.38 6.06 5.83 5.66 5.53 5.42 5.33 5.26 5.19 5.14 5.09 — — — — — — — — —5 — 10.11 8.86 8.18 7.74 7.44 7.21 7.03 6.89 6.77 6.67 6.58 6.51 6.45 6.39 — — — — — — — —6 — — 10.90 10.03 9.47 9.08 8.79 8.56 8.38 8.23 8.11 8.00 7.91 7.82 7.75 7.69 — — — — — — —7 — — — 11.93 11.24 10.76 10.41 10.13 9.91 9.72 9.57 9.43 9.32 9.22 9.13 9.05 8.98 — — — — — —

8 — — — — 13.05 12.47 12.05 11.72 11.45 11.23 11.05 10.89 10.75 10.63 10.53 10.43 10.35 10.27 — — — — —

9 — — — — — 14.22 13.72 13.33 13.02 12.76 12.55 12.36 12.20 12.06 11.94 11.83 11.73 11.64 — — — — —

10 — — — — — — 15.41 14.97 14.61 14.31 14.06 13.85 13.67 13.51 13.36 13.24 13.12 13.02 12.93 — — — —

11 — — — — — — — 16.62 16.22 15.88 15.60 15.36 15.15 14.97 14.80 14.66 14.53 14.41 14.31 — — — —

12 — — — — — — — — 17.84 17.46 17.15 16.88 16.64 16.44 16.26 16.10 15.95 15.82 15.70 15.59 — — —

13 — — — — — — — — 19.49 19.07 18.71 18.41 18.15 17.92 17.72 17.54 17.38 17.23 17.10 16.98 — — —

14 — — — — — — — — — 20.68 20.29 19.96 19.67 19.42 19.20 19.00 18.82 18.66 18.51 18.38 — — —

15 — — — — — — — — — 22.32 21.89 21.52 21.21 20.93 20.68 20.47 20.27 20.09 19.93 19.79 19.65 — —

16 — — — — — — — — — — 23.49 23.10 22.75 22.45 22.18 21.95 21.73 21.54 21.36 21.20 21.06 — —

17 — — — — — — — — — — 25.11 24.68 24.31 23.98 23.69 23.43 23.20 22.99 22.80 22.63 22.47 — —

18 — — — — — — — — — — 26.75 26.28 25.87 25.52 25.21 24.93 24.68 24.46 24.25 24.06 23.89 23.73 —

19 — — — — — — — — — — — 27.89 27.45 27.07 26.74 26.44 26.17 25.93 25.71 25.50 25.32 25.15 —

20 — — — — — — — — — — — 29.51 29.04 28.63 28.27 27.95 27.67 27.41 27.17 26.95 26.75 26.57 —

21 — — — — — — — — — — — 31.14 30.64 30.20 29.82 29.48 29.17 28.89 28.64 28.41 28.20 28.00 27.82

22 — — — — — — — — — — — — 32.25 31.78 31.37 31.01 30.68 30.39 30.12 29.87 29.65 29.44 29.25

23 — — — — — — — — — — — — 33.87 33.37 32.94 32.55 32.20 31.89 31.60 31.34 31.10 30.88 30.68

24 — — — — — — — — — — — — 35.49 34.97 34.51 34.10 33.73 33.40 33.10 32.82 32.57 32.33 32.12

DBH = diameter at breast height.
Pacific Northwest Research Station

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