Chemical Analysis for Sour

Attribution of Fine and CoarParticulate Matter in Pinal C

Andrea L. Clements

1, Y

Matthew P. Fraser1,2, Pierr

Michael Sundblom

4, and Pau

1Rice University – Civil and Environmen

2Arizona State University – Global Institute 

3Arizona State University – Che

4Pinal County Air Quality Control 

5USEPA Region 9

Casa Gr

Influenced of Casa Groughly 50
Cowtow

Impacted agriculturaprocessing traffic, anpaved roaimmediate 
Pinal Co

Impacted agriculturaunpaved rMore distaby a dairyCounty faand smelt
Ambient Field Samplin

Ambient Field Samplin

CG

COWPCH

3 sampling 

sites

4 monitors 

per site

TeflonTeflon

Quartz

Blanks + 

Co-located 

Measurements

Mass and Ion 

Speciation

Mass and Metal 

Speciation

Bulk OC/EC and 

Organic Speciation

F

Co

Sier

Di
Fine Fraction Fine Fraction – 

– Ma

Concentration Time S

Concentration Time S

05

1015202530

2/6/09 2/24/09 3/14/09 4/1/09 4/19/09 5/7/09 5/25/09 

Sampling Date

Ambient Mass Concentration (ug/m3)

PCH Cow CG
Coarse Fraction Coarse Fraction –M

Concentration Time S

Concentration Time S

0

20406080

100120140160180

2/6/09 2/24/09 3/14/09 4/1/09 4/19/09 5/7/09 5/25/09 

Sampling Date

Ambient Mass Concentration (ug/m3)

PCH Cow CG

150 ug/m3 Dail
Bulk Organic Carbo

Bulk Organic Carbo

Concentration Time S

Concentration Time S

05

1015202530

2/6/09 2/24/09 3/14/09 4/1/09 4/19/09 5/7/09 5/25/09 6/1

Sampling Date

Ambient Organic Carbon Concentration 

(ug/m3)

CG - Coarse Cow - Coarse CG - Fine Cow - Fine 
Bulk Carbon Thermograp

Bulk Carbon Thermograp

05

1015202530

CG COW PCH

Carbon Concentration (ug/m3)

OC1 OC2 OC3 OC4 Pyrol C EC

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0

CG 

Carbon Concentration (ug/m3)

OC1 OC2 

Coarse Fraction Fin
Sulfate Sulfate

Concentration Time S

Concentration Time S

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

2/6/09 2/24/09 3/14/09 4/1/09 4/19/09 

Sampling Date

Ion Concentration (ug/m3)

CG-C-SO4 COW-C-SO4 CG-F-SO4 COW-F-SO4 
Phosphate Phosphate

Concentration Time S

Concentration Time S

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

2/6/09 2/24/09 3/14/09 4/1/09 4/19/09 

Sampling Date

Ion Concentration (ug/m3)

CG-C-PO4 COW-C-PO4 CG-F-PO4 COW-F-PO4 
CationConcentratio

Concentratio

Time Series Time Series -Cowto

Cowto

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

2/6/09 2/24/09 3/14/09 4/1/09 4/19/09 

Sampling Date

Ion Concentration (ug/m3)

Sodium-C Ammonium-C P otassium-C M agneSodium-F Ammonium-F P otassium-F M agne
Major Metal Concentr

Major Metal Concentr

Time Series Time Series - 

- Cowto

Cowto

0

100020003000400050006000700080009000

2/6/09 2/24/09 3/14/09 4/1/09 4/19/09 5/7/09 5/

Sampling Date

Metal Concentration ng/m3

Fe-coarse Al-coarse K-coarse Fe-fine Al-fine K-fine 
Fine Fraction Fine Fraction -Alkaneand 

Concentrations Concentrations

05

10152025

E-F-1 E-F-2 E-F-3 H-F-1 H-F-2 H-F-3 L-F-1 L

Concentration (ng/m 3) 

152025

Casa Grande Cowtown PC H
Coarse Fraction Coarse Fraction - 

- Alkan

HopaneConcentrati

Concentrati

05

10152025303540

E-C-1 E-C-2 E-C-3 H-C-1 H-C-2 H-C-3 L-C-1 L

Concentration (ng/m 3) 

Casa Grande Cowtown PC H
Trehelose Trehelose Concentra

Concentra

05

10152025

E-1 E-2 E-3 H-1 H-2 H-3 L-1 L-

Sugar Concentration (ng/m3) 

Casa Grande Cowtown PC H
Lead Concentratio

Lead Concentratio

0123456789

10

2/6/09 2/24/09 3/14/09 4/1/09 4/19/09 5/7/09 5/2

Sampling Date

Metal Concentration ng/m3

Pb-coarse-CG Pb-coarse-COW Pb-fine-CG Pb-fine-COW 
Conclusions Conclusions

 Measurements from the Casa Grande and 

Measurements from the Casa Grande and 

Housing Monitors are highly correlated re

Housing Monitors are highly correlated re

a regional signature, especially in fine pa

a regional signature, especially in fine pa

 Measurements from the Measurements from the Cowtown Cowtown site are 

site are 

well correlated with the other monitoring 

well correlated with the other monitoring 

the influence of more local sources. the influence of more local sources.

 The composition and behavior of fine and 

The composition and behavior of fine and 

particles are fundamentally different. particles are fundamentally different.

 The organic carbon concentrations in the 

The organic carbon concentrations in the 

collected at collected at Cowtown Cowtown are almost 10x high

are almost 10x high

fine fraction and measurements taken els

fine fraction and measurements taken els

dominated by OC2 and OC3 and dominated by OC2 and OC3 and pyrrolize

pyrrolize
 Elevated coarse carbon concentrations ar

Elevated coarse carbon concentrations ar

accompanied by elevated metal measure

accompanied by elevated metal measure

suggests that they are co suggests that they are co-emitted or that 

emitted or that 

compounds are condensed on crustal ma

compounds are condensed on crustal ma

 Alkane, ion, and sugar data at , ion, and sugar data at Cowtown Cowtown s

coarse particles may come from at least t

coarse particles may come from at least t

sources including a plant sources including a plant-rich agricultural 

rich agricultural 

organic organic-rich feed lot soil. rich feed lot soil.

 Ongoing work on source apportionment a

Ongoing work on source apportionment a

dataset will yield a unique understanding 

dataset will yield a unique understanding 

in the desert Southwest and is applicable 

in the desert Southwest and is applicable 

agricultural regions. agricultural regions.

Conclusions Conclusions
Acknowledgemen

Acknowledgemen

 Funding from EPA Region 9 Funding from EPA Region 9

Disclaimer: Disclaimer: Although this work was rev

Although this work was rev

and approved for publication, it may n

and approved for publication, it may n

reflect official Agency policy. reflect official Agency policy.

 Filter collection and site operations 

Filter collection and site operations 

Quality Control District personnel Quality Control District personnel

 ICP

-MS analysis conducted by MS analysis conducted by Nabi