Adjunct to Preventive Healthcare

Health & Nutrition Education

Provide Nutritious Foods

Partners in Promoting Health

and Nutrition for Young

Children and Families

WIC Nutrition Services

Head Start Comprehensive

Child Development Services

Head Start

WIC and
United States Department of Agriculture

Food and Nutrition Service

United States Department of Health and Human Services

Head Start Bureau

October 1999

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the

basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and

marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who

require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)

should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten

Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or

TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Table of Contents 3

Introduction...................................................................................... 5

Chapter 1

Program Overview........................................................................... 7 

WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 2

Eligibility......................................................................................... 13 

Chapter 3

Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment................................. 19 

Chapter 4

Nutrition Education for Children and Parents.............................. 27

Chapter 5

Providing Nutritious Foods............................................................ 35

Chapter 6

Program Administration................................................................. 39

Chapter 7

Supportive Factors and Strategies................................................. 45

Report Summary..............................................................................50

Appendix A

Interagency Agreement...................................................................51

Head Start-WIC Focus Group Report 1994....................................61

Appendix B

Methodology....................................................................................75

List of Agencies/Programs Participating in Study..........................81

Appendix C

Key Contacts in Food and Nutrition Service, Head Start:

State Head Start Collaboration Offices, State WIC Agencies, 

and Head Start Training and Technical Assistance Network........93

Table of Contents
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Introduction 5

The WIC and Head Start programs share common goals. Both programs strive to promote positive health and nutrition status for young

families. Both programs provide young children and families with nutritious foods, health and nutrition education, and assistance in accessing

on-going preventive health care. In many communities, WIC and Head

Start serve the same families. By working together, programs have an

opportunity to coordinate these services and maximize use of scarce

resources (e.g., funding, staff, space). Working together can mean minimizing duplicative efforts on the part of families and staff; more opportunities for WIC and Head Start to benefit from each program’s strengths,

expertise and best practices; and ultimately, more ways to make a positive

impact on good health and nutrition for children and families.

WIC and Head Start: Partners in Promoting Health and Nutrition for

Young Children and Families is a publication that provides information

on a variety of ways that WIC and Head Start can work together. This

publication is the result of a coordination project undertaken at the federal level between the Head Start Bureau (Administration for Children and

Families, Department of Health and Human Services) and the WIC

Program (Food and Nutrition Service, Department of Agriculture). In 1994,

these two entities entered into an interagency agreement to jointly support coordination at the regional, state and local levels. As part of this

effort, the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) and the Head Start Bureau

have developed this informational report. It describes a variety of efforts

undertaken in States and local communities to coordinate Head Start and

WIC services and discusses strategies used to overcome barriers to coordination. The report is based on a study (WIC-Head Start Coordination

Study) conducted by Research-able, Inc., from October 1994 through

September 1996, under a contract with FNS (USDA Contract Number: 53-

3189-4-037). The WIC-Head Start Coordination Study was undertaken to:

■ Identify current and potential collaborations;

■ Identify statutory, regulatory, and practical barriers to collaboration;

■ Gather information on collaborations and their implementation; and

■ Disseminate study findings for use by local and national WIC and Head

Start staff.

Introduction

WIC and Head Start:

Common Ground, Common Goals
WIC-Head Start Coordination

6 Introduction 

The study’s methodology involved a series of personal telephone interviews and site visits during which coordination activities were identified

and examined. The programs surveyed were WIC and Head Start agencies

that demonstrated a significant level of collaborative activity. For more

information about the methodology used, please see Appendix B.

Although Head Start and WIC share common goals, the scope and design

of each program’s services are quite different. Chapter One provides a

broad overview of each program including some information about program history. The remainder of the report is organized by chapters that

give examples of coordination strategies in five service areas common to

both WIC and Head Start:

■ Eligibility;

■ Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment;

■ Nutrition Education for Children and Parents;

■ Providing Nutritious Foods

■ Program Administration

In each of these chapters, a review of each program’s relevant regulatory

requirements is provided and examples of coordination efforts reported

by survey respondents are described. Comments, observations and

insights from respondents about how to promote cooperation between

the programs are also included. The last chapter (Chapter Seven) discusses the factors that support coordination as cited by respondents.

As this report illustrates, there are many strategies programs can use to

coordinate WIC and Head Start services. The examples cited in this report

should not be interpreted as recommended models but as examples programs can use as a reference in developing coordination strategies that

meet specific needs of their communities. Although coordination models

look different from place to place, the potential benefits of working

together are universal.

How To Use This

Publication
Chapter 1

Program Overview

“The days of all of us doing our own things are

gone. There just isn’t enough money. Clients

should not have to go to a bunch of places to get

the services they need and are entitled to. They

should not have multiple case workers. We need

to pool our resources and get the job done as

cost effectively as possible.”

Survey Respondent from Greenville, Ohio
WIC-Head Start Coordination

8 Chapter 1: Program Overview 

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and

Children (WIC) provides specific nutritious supplemental foods, nutrition education, and health care referrals at no cost to its participants. 

WIC participants are low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum

women, infants, and children up to age 5 who are at nutritional risk. At

the time of this study in FY 1996, the total number of average monthly

participation in the WIC Program was 7,187,831.

WIC started as a pilot project in 1972. At that time, concern about undernutrition during critical stages of growth and development led to an

amendment to the Child Nutrition Act authorizing WIC’s creation. 

WIC became a fully authorized program in 1974.

WIC is a Federal grant program. It is administered at the Federal level by

the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. FNS

provides funds to its seven regional offices, which in turn distributes them

to WIC State agencies, including the District of Columbia, U.S. Territories,

and Indian Tribal Organizations for program administration and operations. State agencies are responsible for administering the Program within

regulatory guidelines established by FNS. FNS determines the size of each

State Agency’s grant on the basis of a regulatory funding formula, and

What is WIC?

Chapter 1

Program Overview
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 1: Program Overview 9

establishes eligibility requirements, priorities for client waiting lists, and

guidance in defining nutritional risk. FNS monitors State agencies for compliance with these regulations.

State Agencies have broad discretion over program implementation within

the regulations established by FNS. For example, State agencies select

from among Federally allowable WIC foods in creating WIC food packages for their clients. Hence, there is a great deal of variation among

States in specific program characteristics.

Local WIC agencies are authorized by State agencies to provide checks or

vouchers, redeemable at authorized vendors for specified supplemental

foods to WIC participants and to pay administrative costs, including the

costs of certifying applicants for eligibility and providing nutrition education and counseling, and referring the applicant to locally available needed health services. Any public or private, nonprofit, health or human service agency which provides health services to the public directly or

through contract may apply to a WIC State agency to become a local

sponsoring agency. Local agencies are often city or county health departments, but they may also be hospitals, maternal and child health groups,

or community action agencies. Each local agency may provide services at

one or more sites.

The goal of the WIC Program is to improve the nutritional health of program participants during pregnancy and the postpartum period, infancy

and early childhood. The benefits provided by the WIC Program include:

■ Food Package: Participants usually receive vouchers or checks

redeemable for specific items at local grocery stores. The foods provided in the WIC food package target specific nutrients that are known to

be lacking in the diets of low-income individuals. They are to supplement the regular diet.

■ Nutrition Education: The current WIC legislation mandates that State

agencies earmark at least one-sixth of their administrative funds for

nutrition education. The purpose of nutrition education is to teach participants how to use WIC foods, foster positive changes in food habits,

promote breastfeeding and, if needed, refer participants for drug treatment and counseling.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

10 Chapter 1: Program Overview 

■ Breastfeeding Promotion: Legislation also mandates that WIC promote and support breastfeeding, and specifies a target which must be

spent on these efforts. State agencies meet and exceed the target,

spending over $50 million annually in support of breastfeeding.

■ Health Care Referrals: An expected effect for participants is increased

and regular use of health care services such as immunization, lead

screening, and dental services. Although WIC does not fund such services, the Program encourages the utilization of existing health care

through referrals.

Launched in 1965, Head Start is a comprehensive child development program that serves low-income children and their families. The goals of the

Program are to foster each child’s social competence by supporting and

What is Head Start?
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 1: Program Overview 11

nurturing their social, emotional, cognitive and physical development; and

to support each family in fostering their child’s development and in attaining family goals. Head Start provides children with the skills they need to

function in kindergarten. Head Start provides child development and

health services through locally defined service delivery models such as

center-based preschool services, home-based services, combination services that provide both center and home-based services, family child care

services, and locally designed models. Through family and community

partnerships, the program assists parents in their role as the primary educator of their children, to be involved in their child’s learning, and to

meet other family goals such as training and employment. Children

enrolled in Head Start are 3 to 5 years old. At the time of this study in 

FY 1996, the total number of children enrolled in Head Start and Early

Head Start was 752,077.

With the reauthorization of the Head Start Program in 1994, Congress

established a new program for low-income families with infants, toddlers

and pregnant women which is called Early Head Start. The program was

created based upon strong evidence from research and practice that early

intervention can make a significant positive impact on children and families. High quality programs for children birth to age 3 can enhance children’s physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development; enable parents to be better caregivers and teachers to their children; and help parents meet their own goals, including economic independence. Beginning

in 1995, Early Head Start began serving pregnant women and children up

to age 3. The program’s focus is to maximize a child’s developmental

potential and support parents’ role as primary caregivers/educators as

early in a child’s life as possible. Like Head Start, Early Head Start provides comprehensive services, including child development, health and

nutrition services to eligible families. Program services may be delivered

through center-based, home-based or family child care models. All Head

Start and Early Head Start programs must meet program performance

standards, a set of federal regulations that ensures that programs provide

a defined set of quality services to children and families and have management systems to support those services. 

The focus of Head Start and Early Head Start health services is to assure

that children and families are receiving on-going preventive health care

and to promote preventive health and safety practices. Health services are

comprehensive and include physical, dental, nutrition, and mental health

“It is in the best interest of 

families to avoid duplication.

Collaboration strengthens both

programs. It gives wider professional expertise that can be

shared, e.g., WIC brings nutrition

expertise, Head Start brings education expertise. Collaboration is

mutually stimulating, a crossfertilization of ideas.”

Survey respondent from

Portsmouth, New Hampshire
WIC-Head Start Coordination

12 Chapter 1: Program Overview 

services that are tailored to individual needs. Through partnerships with

families, programs must assure that children and pregnant women receive

the appropriate schedule of well child exams, prenatal exams, dental

exams, and immunizations. They must also assure that a nutrition assessment and other appropriate health screenings are performed. Children

and families are involved in health and nutrition education through classroom curriculum, parent/family education activities and home visits.

Children who receive center-based child development services also

receive nutritious meals on-site.

Head Start and Early Head Start are administered federally by the Head

Start Bureau in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The

federal government provides funding directly to local programs through

ten federal regional offices which govern all fifty States, the District of

Columbia, U.S. Territories, and Indian Tribal Organizations. The Head

Start Bureau also serves eligible children and families through its Migrant

Programs and American Indian Programs Branches. In addition, each State

has a Head Start State Collaboration Office that ensures coordination with

other State-administered programs that serve children and families.
Chapter 2

Eligibility

“Getting started in the collaboration was

awkward. Both programs are very busy and it

was much easier to pay attention to your own

program rather than put the energy into working

together. It was a paradigm shift to look at both

programs and their needs and how each program

could serve the other. Once we were

communicating, a lot fell into place.” 

Survey respondent from 

Collier County, Florida 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

14 Chapter 2: Eligibility 

WIC and Head Start have different eligibility criteria. In spite of these

differences, many families are eligible for both programs.

Collaboration on eligibility issues can make it easier for families to receive

WIC and Head Start services in a coordinated, non-duplicative, and convenient manner.

In order to be eligible for WIC services, participants must meet all

of the following criteria:

■ Be a resident of the State in which they apply for services or live in the

jurisdiction of an Indian Tribal Organization serving as a WIC State

agency;

■ Be a pregnant, breastfeeding, or postpartum woman, infant or child up

to age 5 (categorical eligibility);

■ Be individually determined to be at nutritional risk by a health professional; and

■ Have a family income at or below 185 percent of U.S. Poverty Income

Guidelines or a person or certain family members who participate in

other benefit programs such as the Food Stamp Program, Medicaid, or

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families automatically meet the income

eligibility requirement.

Generally, WIC participants are certified to be eligible to receive WIC

benefits at intervals of about 6 months. Infants under 6 months of age

may be certified for a period extending up to their first birthday. Pregnant

women are certified for the duration of their pregnancy and for up to 6

weeks postpartum.

In order to be eligible for Head Start/Early Head Start services, 

participants must meet all of the following criteria:

■ Be a child age 3 or 4 for Head Start; or

■ Be a pregnant woman, infant or child up to age 3 for Early Head Start;

and

■ Have a family income at or below the U.S. Poverty Income Guidelines

(Ninety percent of families)

■ Ten percent of families may be over-income

■ Ten percent of Head Start enrollees must have children with special

needs.

Chapter 2

Eligibility
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

If a child has been found income eligible and is participating in a Head

Start program, he or she remains income eligible through that enrollment

year and the immediately succeeding year. Children enrolled in Early

Head Start remain income eligible while they are participating in the program (potentially, from pre-natal to age 3). 

Chapter 2: Eligibility 15

WIC-Head Start Collaboration

Eligibility: Opportunities

for WIC-Head Start

Coordination

Head Start Criteria

■ Be a child age 3 or 4 years for

Head Start.

■ Be a pregnant woman, infant or

child up to age 3 for Early Head

Start.

■ Have a family income at or below

the U.S. Poverty Income

Guidelines.

WIC Criteria

■ Reside in the State in which they

are applying.

■ Be a pregnant, breastfeeding or

postpartum woman, infant, or

child up to age 5.

■ Be determined at nutritional risk.

■ Have a family income below 185

percent of U.S. Poverty Income

Guidelines or determined

adjunctively income eligible.

Ninety percent of Head Start families have incomes under 100 percent of

U.S. Poverty Income Guidelines. Because Head Start programs strive to

serve those with the greatest need for services, the 10 percent of Head

Start families who exceed the federal poverty level are likely to have family incomes under 185 percent of poverty. Thus, the vast majority of Head

Start families are income-eligible for WIC. However, not all Head Start

families meet the categorical and nutritional risk requirements for participation in WIC. Therefore, the exact number of children eligible to participate in both programs is not known.

Although Head Start does not require children to demonstrate nutritional

risk to be eligible, many Head Start/Early Head Start children and pregnant women are found to be at risk for poor nutritional status when physical exam data (i.e., height, weight, hemoglobin/hematocrit) are reviewed
after enrollment in the program. At least 90 percent of Head Start families

are living at or below the poverty level which substantially increases their

risk for poor nutritional status. During 1996—1997, anemia, asthma, overweight, high lead levels and underweight were the five most prevalent

nutrition-related conditions reported in Head Start children (1996-1997

Annual Program Information Report).

Neither WIC nor Head Start are entitlement programs. Given the limited

and sometimes variable funding from year to year, both programs prioritize their enrollment, striving to serve those families who will benefit most

from program services. If funding does not make it possible to serve all

those who are eligible, WIC has a formal priority system for determining

who should receive benefits. The priority system is based on participant

category and risk factors. In Head Start, programs are required to determine criteria that define the types of children and families who will be

given priority for selection into the program. Factors that must be considered are level of family income and age of the child. Many programs also

consider degree of need for comprehensive child development services.

For both programs, the population served may vary in each local area.

Thus, it may be helpful to examine the extent to which Head Start and

WIC are serving the same families in a given community.

WIC-Head Start Coordination

16 Chapter 2: Eligibility 

Survey Findings:

Coordination

Strategies At Work

OPPORTUNITIES FOR WIC AND HEAD START COORDINATION: 

ELIGIBILITY

■ While most Head Start/Early Head Start families will meet income guidelines for WIC, individuals must also be determined to be categorically

eligible and at nutritional risk to be eligible for WIC services.

■ At least 90 percent of Head Start families are living at or below the

poverty level and, thus, are at substantial risk for poor nutritional status.

■ The extent to which Head Start/Early Head Start and WIC serve the

same families will vary from community to community.

The WIC-Head Start Coordination Study provides examples of local WIC

and Head Start programs that collaborated to streamline the eligibility

processes of assessing and screening qualifications. Many respondents

also reported joint efforts in recruiting participants including, coordinated

development of recruitment literature, or joint literature distribution. A
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 2: Eligibility 17

number of respondents mentioned that in many areas there is a lack of

awareness and understanding of the WIC Program and that Head Start

can help by introducing its clients to WIC. As the Gering, Nebraska WIC

and Head Start Programs report:

[Collaboration] begins with cross referrals and joint recruitments...more 

often than not they [programs] have joint assessments and screenings.”

A Head Start program in Haverhill, Massachusetts reported how they

secured extra resources to do recruitment for WIC and other programs:

“Head Start got a grant for a neighbor-to neighbor program. They took

laptop computers out to rural areas and screened the adults on site for

80 different programs. As a result, all numbers are up; there even is a

waiting list for Head Start. Lunch program has increased by 143%. WIC

participation for the whole community has gone up by 70%.”

All the Head Start and WIC programs surveyed reported they gather

income and other child/family information as part of the eligibility and/or

intake process. Both programs also reported they collected nearly identical information to screen for nutritional risk. However, the WIC program

screens for nutritional risk as a determinant of eligibility while Head

Start screens for risk as part of the comprehensive health services provided to families enrolled in the program. In Head Start, screening may coincide with enrollment or may occur after enrollment.

The majority of programs interviewed for the study had developed some

procedure for sharing or jointly gathering family income information.

Many programs have developed joint forms to collect enrollment information. Other programs simply work out a system for exchanging incomerelated information. For example, The Graettinger, Iowa collaboration

developed joint data collection forms with appropriate consents for

release of information to exchange income data and other qualification

information. The Riverside, Rhode Island WIC-Head Start collaboration

reported:

“We recruit together and refer to each other’s programs. We use the

same income information form, as well as a release form to authorize

sharing medical information.”
New York’s Tioga Opportunities Program Head Start shared this:

“At one of our locations, the WIC people do certifications at the Head

Start site. This enables parents to use a single day to come in and volunteer for Head Start and at the same time get certified for WIC.”

And one program, the Seattle Public Schools Head Start/WIC used the

same staff person (a Nutrition Coordinator) to complete the eligibility

processes for both Head Start and WIC, using an integrated record-keeping system that virtually eliminated duplication.

Electronic Benefits Transfer or so-called “smart” cards also offer collaborative possibilities for the future. Use of these cards has the potential to

allow parents to be in charge of family information, retaining the ability to

make decisions about sharing that information with any and all community programs, while at the same time eliminating the need for parents to

produce basically identical information on multiple forms. While several

programs stated they were interested in pursuing the use of these cards,

the projects are still in the planning stages.

WIC-Head Start Coordination

18 Chapter 2: Eligibility 

COORDINATION STRATEGIES AT WORK: ELIGIBILITY

■ Joint recruitment efforts.

■ Joint Head Start-WIC forms to collect eligibility information.

■ Shared staff who enroll children/families for both WIC and Head Start.

■ Consent forms that allow programs to exchange enrollment information.

■ “Smart” Cards: electronic means for families to share child/family information with many programs without having to complete multiple, duplicate forms.

■ Joint “health fairs” to recruit and enroll children/families and perform

health screenings used by both programs.
Chapter 3

Health and Nutrition

Screening/Assessment

“Focus on your successes, not your setbacks in

collaboration efforts. Remember that successes

can be very, very small. Appreciate them.”

Survey respondent from Newport, Vermont
WIC-Head Start Coordination

20 Chapter 3: Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment

WIC and Head Start Programs are both required to complete health

and nutrition screening/assessment procedures or assure that participants receive these services from another appropriate health professional.

As a result, families participating in both programs may be asked to provide similar information to each program at different times. Coordinating

the health and nutrition screening/assessment processes between programs may minimize duplicative efforts for families and staff.

As part of the eligibility process, applicants must be individually determined to be at nutritional risk by a competent health professional. To

determine risk, at minimum, a current height, weight and blood test for

anemia must be obtained and evaluated. This data must be obtained prior

to or at the time of certification for eligibility and may be obtained directly or by referral to an appropriate health care provider. Examples of nutrition risk criteria are anemia, underweight, overweight, a medical condition with nutritional impact such as diabetes, or inadequate dietary patterns as assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall, dietary history or food frequency. WIC also provides referrals for health care, including Medicaid

and Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) services, to assist families in accessing appropriate ongoing health services.

As quickly as possible, but no later than 90 days after enrollment, Head

Start and Early Head Start Programs are required to assure that participants are enrolled in a system of ongoing preventive healthcare. Programs

must obtain from a health care professional a determination that each

child is up-to-date on a schedule of age-appropriate preventive and primary health care, including medical, dental, and mental health. The

schedule must incorporate the schedule of well-child care required by

EPSDT and the latest immunizations schedule recommended by the

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, State, tribal, and local authorities. An EPSDT well-child exam includes height, weight, and blood tests

for anemia at regular intervals based on age. In addition, information

about child and family eating patterns, including current feeding schedules for infants, must be collected and assessed.

Chapter 3

Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment

WIC Program

Requirements

Head Start

Requirements
Although programs have 90 days to obtain health assessment information

from a health care provider, many Head Start Programs choose to perform

some health screenings on-site including, height, weight, vision, and hearing screenings. Providing screenings on-site prevents delays in obtaining

health data that may be used as a part of the developmental screening

that must be completed for each child within 45 days of enrollment. The

developmental screening identifies concerns regarding a child’s developmental, visual, auditory, behavioral, motor, language, social, cognitive,

perceptual, and emotional skills.

WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 3: Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment 21

HEALTH AND NUTRITION SCREENING/ASSESSMENT

WIC Requirements

■ Nutrition risk must be demonstrated prior to or at the time of

certification. At minimum, height,

weight and a blood test for anemia must be assessed.

Assessment may be based on

data collected directly or from

another appropriate healthcare

professional. A poor diet may

also be included as a nutrition

risk.

■ Programs provide participants

with referrals to on-going health

care as needed.

Head Start Requirements

■ Nutritional needs must be identified, taking into account information about child/family eating

patterns and relevant health

exam/screening data (height,

weight, and blood tests for anemia). Health exam data is

obtained within 90 days of

enrollment - see below.

■ Within 90 days of enrollment,

programs must assure that children and pregnant woman are

up-to-date on a schedule of preventive health care used by

EPSDT for children or prenatal

care for pregnant woman.

Programs may choose to conduct

some health and nutrition screening activities directly to aid in

identifying health/nutrition needs

as quickly as possible.
Early Head Start Programs must ensure that pregnant women are receiving comprehensive prenatal and postpartum care immediately after enrollment into the program. This care must include early and continuing risk

assessments, including an assessment of nutritional status as well as nutrition counseling and food assistance. The care must also include dental

and mental health assessments and interventions as deemed appropriate

by the attending health care provider. 

Although both Head Start and WIC Programs conduct health and nutrition

screening/assessment activities, WIC utilizes assessment data to determine

program eligibility while Head Start does not. Instead, within 90 days of

enrollment, Head Start programs must assure that children and pregnant

women are up-to-date on a schedule of preventative health care, including appropriate screenings. Programs may choose to complete some of

these activities as part of enrollment, although this is not required. Thus,

the timelines required for completing these activities may differ, making

collaboration efforts in this area more challenging. Nevertheless, coordination of health and nutrition screening/assessment activities can be successful in minimizing duplicative services and assuring that families have

access to on-going preventive healthcare.

WIC-Head Start Coordination

22 Chapter 3: Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment

Health and Nutrition

Screening/Assessment:

Opportunities for WIC

and Head Start

Coordination

OPPORTUNITIES FOR WIC AND HEAD START COORDINATION:

HEALTH AND NUTRITION SCREENING/ASSESSMENT

■ Both Head Start and WIC require that similar health/nutrition assessment

data be obtained for children and pregnant women, including and

assessment of dietary patterns/eating habits.

■ Head Start requires that information be collected within 90 days of

enrollment into the program, while WIC requires that the information be

collected prior to or at the time of WIC certification of eligibility.

■ Both programs work to assure that children and families are enrolled in

a system of on-going preventive health care such as Medicaid and

EPSDT. Information from a health care provider may be used to determine health/nutrition status and risk.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 3: Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment 23

Survey Findings:

Collaboration

Strategies at Work 

Although somewhat limited by the barriers posed by the confidentiality of

participant records, a substantial number of programs have developed the

means through which assessment data can be shared between WIC and

Head Start Programs. The following are specific examples of collaborative

efforts in the area of health and nutrition screening/assessment as shared

by study respondents:

■ Joint medical assessments and screenings;

■ Joint data collection forms which contain a signed release authorizing

information sharing between WIC and Head Start;

■ WIC performing all the health-related testing and screening functions for

Head Start with both programs utilizing the information gathered;

■ WIC performing selected health-related functions, the most common

being hematocrits and anthropometrics measures; less common are

immunizations and lead testing by health department-funded individuals

assigned to work with WIC;

■ Head Start performing all or selected health screening functions for both

programs;

■ Each program gathering its own information utilizing forms with a

release so information can be shared;

■ One program completes dietary intake assessments for the other;

■ Shared medical equipment for use in testing and screening;

■ Shared staff who complete screening/assessment procedures for both

programs;

■ WIC monitoring and follow-up on clients referred by Head Start for specific medical or nutritional needs;

■ Staff in-service training by WIC for Head Start staff on nutrition assessment procedures (e.g., to perform height and weight measurements and

plot growth charts); and

■ Head Start provides transportation to WIC appointments.

The Jackson, Tennessee Collaboration reports significant benefit from WIC

conducting medical and nutrition screenings for both programs, stating

that:

“This makes more efficient use of time resources for both staff and

clients.” 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

24 Chapter 3: Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment

The ability to bring WIC services to the Head Start sites allows families to

get both services at one site. The Oklahoma City WIC-Head Start

Collaboration, for example, involves WIC bringing its mobile services to

the Head Start sites on a regular basis.

“Our van travels to eight separate Head Start sites, with clinics on

Monday through Thursday of each week and half-day on Friday. Each

site is visited at least once per month and the larger ones are visited

once each week. This enables WIC to serve 1,000 clients at Head Start.

Because this is a Community Action Program as well, the mobile unit

also sees other WIC clients at the Head Start site from time to time.

Services provided include: certifications, dietary assessments, heights,

weights, and hematocrits, along with issuance of vouchers.”
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 3: Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment 25

WIC mobile-unit collaborations were reported by several programs as providing excellent benefits, particularly in rural areas with widely dispersed

client populations. The Community Action Programs in Spartanburg,

South Carolina and Owego, New York where WIC and Head Start are colocated reported this benefit:

“Parents don’t have to take off work to come to the health department

for physicals for their children.”

Haverhill, Massachusetts’s Collaboration said of its van program:

“The Department of Public Health gave us a WIC van with a nurse practitioner whose time is donated by a local hospital one day each week.

She does wellness care, immunizations, and physical exams at the rural

Head Start center and all around the city at Head Start sites as well.”

In addition, a number of programs reported cooperative use of vans or

buses for transporting clients for services. The Head Start Program in

Macon County, North Carolina reported how they work with WIC:

“Head Start helps provide transportation, reminds people of their

appointments and provides a list of children who aren’t up-to-date on

their shots. Head Start provides health and medical information to WIC.

Head Start does their own screenings for dental, height and weight. WIC

does hemoglobin.”

The Child Development, Inc. Head Start Program in Russellville, Arkansas

also collects health information for both Head Start and WIC with many

reported benefits:

“When parents and children come to Head Start for enrollment, Head

Start does EPSDT, height, weight and hemoglobin. Then [families] go to

the WIC person who enrolls them because they are qualified for WIC if

they meet the income guidelines for Head Start. Then WIC gives them the

vouchers on the spot and does their nutrition assessment. Parents have

loved it and look forward to it. It cuts down on transportation.” 
At Cherokee Tribal Child Care Services in North Carolina, WIC does all

medical screening and the information is shared, authorized by a joint

release form. The benefits of collaborations in the medical testing area

can be obvious. Program after program offered some variation on the following comment:

“Kids don’t like to get stuck. It hurts! If we can figure out a way to only

have to stick them once it’s a lot better than having to do it twice.

Collaboration cuts down on pain.”

WIC-Head Start Coordination

26 Chapter 3: Health and Nutrition Screening/Assessment

COORDINATION STRATEGIES AT WORK:

HEALTH AND NUTRITION ASSESSMENT/SCREENING

■ Joint screenings for both programs can contribute to:

• greater efficiency;

• less time off from work for parents; and

• fewer duplicative screening procedures for children.

■ Joint release forms and shared forms facilitate information sharing and

minimizes duplication.

■ Shared staff allow similar functions in both programs to be efficiently

accomplished so families do not have to provide duplicative 

information.
Chapter 4

Nutrition Education for

Children and Parents

“Through the [collaboration], Head Start became

more aware of WIC services and WIC became

more aware of Head Start’s needs. It was a

perfect marriage from the start. They have gotten

so many more families involved and receiving

benefits.”

Survey respondent from 

Collier County, Florida
WIC-Head Start Coordination

28 Chapter 4: Nutrition Education for Children and Parents

Chapter Four

Nutrition Education for Children and Parents

Nutrition education is a central component of both WIC and Head

Start health services. Both programs provide nutrition education to

support and encourage life-long habits that promote positive health status

and prevention of chronic illnesses. Accordingly, this area offers many

opportunities for collaboration. Both programs are required to provide

nutrition education and coordination of these efforts can make the lessons

more meaningful to children and families.

Nutrition education is a WIC Program benefit that must be made available

to each WIC participant. According to federal regulations, nutrition education must be designed to achieve the following two broad goals: 

■ Stress the relationship between proper nutrition and good health, with

special emphasis on the nutritional needs of pregnant, postpartum, and

breastfeeding women, infants, and children under 5 years of age, raise

awareness about the dangers of using drugs and other harmful substances during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, and to promote and

support breastfeeding as the preferred infant feeding method.

■ Assist the individual who is at nutritional risk in achieving a positive

change in food habits, resulting in improved nutritional status and in

the prevention of nutrition-related problems through optimal use of the

supplemental foods and other nutritious foods. This is to be taught in

the context of the ethnic, cultural, and geographic preferences of the

participants and with consideration for educational and environmental

limitations experienced by the participants.

WIC Programs must make nutrition education opportunities available to

all categories of participants at least twice during each six-month certification period, or at least quarterly for infants that are certified for periods

longer than 6 months. Nutrition education may be offered to parents,

guardians or caretakers of infant/child participants, or to the children

directly. WIC Programs may provide nutrition education directly or enter

into an agreement with another agency to provide this service.

Educational activities may be provided through individual or group 

sessions. WIC programs also are required to promote and support breastfeeding through education, technical assistance, and provision of breastfeeding aids.

WIC Program

Requirements
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 4: Nutrition Education for Children and Parents 29

Individualized nutrition care plans are provided for participants based on

the need for a plan as determined by an appropriate health professional.

Individual care plans are also made available upon request to any participant, parent, or caretaker. Typically, participants receive individual care

plans based on nutrition risk criteria that indicate they are at high risk for

nutrition-related problems and warrant individualized care from a nutrition professional such as a registered dietitian.

Head Start Programs must provide health and nutrition education opportunities to children and parents. For children, health and nutrition learning

activities are integrated into the overall child development curriculum.

Typically, children are involved in daily health activities such as brushing

their teeth, washing their hands, and eating family style meals. Other

learning activities such as preparing foods, growing foods, reading stories,

singing songs, and play-acting around food themes are included throughout the program year. These health and nutrition activities are planned

and carried out in a manner that promotes the individual cognitive, physical, and social-emotional development of each child. 

As part of Head Start’s focus on parent involvement, the program must

provide parents with the opportunity to learn the principles of preventive

health, including the selection and preparation of foods to meet family

needs and the management of food budgets. Parents must also have

opportunities to discuss and learn about the individual nutritional status

of their child and how to access services that may be needed to meet

identified nutrition needs. Programs are required to provide on-going follow-up to ensure that identified nutrition needs are met and that nutrition

education opportunities pertaining to individual nutrition concerns are

available. Programs may provide nutrition education opportunities for parents directly, or through agreements with other agencies. Interactions with

families must be respectful of each family’s cultural and ethnic background. Although not required, many programs reimburse parents for

travel and child care expenses related to their attendance at parent education activities. Some programs may also provide child care on site during

educational events/meetings or may implement educational strategies that

involve the whole family.

Early Head Start Programs must assure that pregnant women have access

to health promotion and treatment services, including nutrition counselHead Start

Requirements
WIC-Head Start Coordination

30 Chapter 4: Nutrition Education for Children and Parents

NUTRITION EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS

WIC Requirements

■ Nutrition education opportunities

must be made available for all

categories of WIC participants at

least twice during each six month

certification period; or quarterly

for infants with longer certification periods.

■ Nutrition education for pregnant

women and mothers with new

babies must include breastfeeding promotion and support.

■ Nutrition education may be

offered to parents/caregivers or

to children directly.

■ Nutrition education may be provided through individual or

group sessions and should be

designed to meet individual cultural and language needs of participants.

■ Nutrition education may be provided by WIC directly or through

agreements with other agencies.

■ Individualized care plans are provided for participants based on

need or on request.

Head Start Requirements

■ Nutrition education must be

made available for all children,

pregnant women, infants and

toddlers enrolled in Head Start.

■ At a minimum, nutrition education must include the selection

and preparation of foods and the

management of food budgets.

■ Nutrition education activities

must be integrated into the overall child development curriculum.

■ Nutrition education opportunities

must be made available to parents.

■ A variety of educational methods

may be used for nutrition education.

■ All interactions with families

should be respectful of each family’s cultural and ethnic background.

■ Nutrition education may be provided by Head Start directly or

through agreements with other

agencies.

■ Staff and families work together

to identify each child’s individual

nutrition needs.
ing, information on the benefits of breastfeeding, substance abuse prevention and treatment, and mental health interventions, as needed.

Nutrition education may be the area of potential collaboration that has the

most possibilities. Both WIC and Head Start provide nutrition education

with common goals in mind. Using combined resources and differing

expertise, the programs may be able to coordinate comprehensive nutrition education efforts that have maximum impact on their ability to influence lifelong healthy eating habits.

WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 4: Nutrition Education for Children and Parents 31

OPPORTUNITIES FOR WIC AND HEAD START COORDINATION:

NUTRITION EDUCATION

■ Coordinated nutrition education efforts can provide families that participate in WIC and Head Start with a wide variety of opportunities to learn

about nutrition, increasing the likelihood that learning opportunities will

be effective and meaningful.

Nutrition Education:

Opportunities for WIC

and Head Start

Coordination

Survey Findings:

Coordination

Strategies at Work

Survey respondents reported a high degree of coordination in nutrition

education, including the following:

■ WIC conducting individual nutrition counseling for Head Start clients;

■ WIC completing follow-up monitoring for Head Start-referred special

needs clients;

■ Parent nutrition education and training sessions for Head Start by WIC

staff;

■ Jointly developed or shared nutrition education materials, including

bilingual materials;

■ Head Start providing nutrition education to children in the classroom for

Head Start and WIC;

■ Head Start providing nutrition education for parents at the Head Start

center for both programs;

■ Integrated services in which all nutrition education is planned and

implemented by one staff for both WIC and Head Start; and

■ Head Start and WIC jointly develop community nutrition education

events, materials or mass media programs.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

32 Chapter 4: Nutrition Education for Children and Parents

The Head Start-WIC Programs in the Seattle area, for example, reported

that they are administered through one agency. All WIC and Head Start

services, including nutrition education, are delivered in an integrated manner at Head Start centers. Nutrition education is planned and implemented

to meet all WIC and Head Start requirements. Staff are not identified as

either “WIC” or “Head Start.” They are simply staff that are trained to provide both programs’ services. In addition to children receiving nutrition

education in the classroom, parents receive nutrition education at the

child’s school on a regular basis. It is also a good time for parents to pick

up WIC food vouchers, although they can be picked up at other times.

This one-stop setting for parents to receive more than one service

strengthens both the parent involvement and the nutrition education 

component.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 4: Nutrition Education for Children and Parents 33

Programs that are not totally integrated have found other ways to make

collaboration on nutrition education work. The Jackson, Tennessee

Collaboration reports significant benefit from WIC conducting nutrition

education and medical and nutrition screenings for both programs. 

“This makes more efficient use of time resources for both staff and

clients.”

Another way of collaborating is to provide families with extra support to

motivate them to attend nutrition education sessions. The Ohio Valley

Education Cooperative Head Start Program collaborated with WIC to

ensure that families were receiving education services:

“Head Start also follows up with the parent to make sure they are

attending their nutrition education classes at WIC and provides transportation if it is needed.

Two sites described creative use of electronic media for collaboration on

both medical and nutrition education. In Las Vegas, Nevada:

“...our WIC and Head Start Programs collaborate on a weekly radio

program – the Cycles of Life – which addresses a series of medical and

nutrition issues in a aeuser friendly’ format that appeals to a variety of

ages and backgrounds. This program takes a subject and traces it from

birth through old age.”

The Macon County Program for Progress Head Start Program in Franklin,

North Carolina, reports on its satellite television program: 

“We have what we call a Distance Learning Classroom Program that

enables us to broadcast our nutrition education sessions to other sites –

about 130 sites at high schools, colleges, and universities where groups

can gather to watch them.”
WIC-Head Start Coordination

34 Chapter 4: Nutrition Education for Children and Parents

The Jackson, Mississippi WIC-Head Start Collaboration reported:

“Our pride and joy is our Health Choice nutrition education program

for both parents and children that is coordinated by both WIC and

Head Start. The results are rewarding and in the long run help both

agencies. Collaboration is much needed...it’s wide open. Make it a priority and it will happen.”

COORDINATION STRATEGIES AT WORK: NUTRITION EDUCATION

■ Combined nutrition education efforts that are planned and implemented

to meet both programs’ requirements.

■ Nutrition education conducted in the Head Start setting for both 

programs.

■ WIC-Head Start Collaboration on community nutrition education 

programs that reach a wide audience.
Chapter 5

Providing Nutritious

Foods

“Look for common ground, the same kind of goals,

needs and clients.”

—Survey respondent from Trenton, New Jersey
WIC-Head Start Coordination

36 Chapter 5: Providing Nutritious Foods

WIC 

Chapter Five

Providing Nutritious Foods

Both Head Start and WIC provide participants with nutritious foods as

part of their nutrition services. WIC provides participants with vouchers for supplemental foods and Head Start provides nutritious meals to

children who attend Head Start centers.

WIC participants receive supplemental foods as one of their WIC benefits.

Depending on participant category (pregnant, postpartum, or breastfeeding woman, infant, or child), WIC provides a monthly set of vouchers for

nutritious foods to supplement the diet. In general, WIC vouchers are for

specific foods that are high in protein, calcium, iron, and vitamins A and

C. WIC foods include iron-fortified infant formula and infant cereal, iron

fortified adult cereal, vitamin C-rich fruit or vegetable juice, eggs, milk,

cheese, and peanut butter or dried beans or peas. Although they do not

receive WIC foods, exclusively breastfed infants are counted as WIC participants and their mothers receive an enhanced food package which

include larger quantities of WIC foods, tuna and carrots.

In center based settings, Head Start provides each child with nutritious

meals. Every child in a part-day program receives meals and snacks

which provide at least 1/3 of daily nutritional needs. Every child in a fullday program receives meals and snacks which provide 1/2 to 2/3 of daily

nutritional needs depending on the length of the program. All children in

morning programs who have not received breakfast at the time they

arrive at the Head Start Program are served a nourishing breakfast. Infants

or toddler in center-based care must receive food appropriate to his or

her nutritional needs and developmental readiness. Meals are provided

free of cost and must meet USDA Child and Adult Care Food Program

meal pattern requirements. Foods served must be high in nutrients and

low in fat, sugar and salt. Special diets needed for medical reasons or

other dietary requirements are accommodated.

A variety of foods is served which broadens each child’s food experiences

and mealtime is considered a learning opportunity that is integrated into

the overall curriculum. Opportunities are provided for children to be

involved in food and mealtime related activities. Staff, children, and volunteers eat together family style and to the extent possible, share the

same menu.

Head Start
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 5: Providing Nutritious Foods 37

Providing Nutritious

Foods: Opportunities

for WIC and Head Start

Coordination

Although WIC and Head Start both provide children and families with

nutritious foods, WIC provides supplemental foods for participant home

consumption, while Head Start provides Meal Service. In spite of the differences, the programs can support each other’s efforts and enhance the

quality of services to families. 

To provide “one-stop” shopping for families, many Head Start and WIC

Programs surveyed reported that they collaborated by making it possible

for participants to pick up WIC vouchers at their child’s Head Start center.

For example, Chicago’s Community and Economic Development

Association of Cook County reported that parents are permitted to accompany the children on the Head Start buses to the Head Start Program

where WIC vouchers are distributed. Other collaborations make vouchers

available in conjunction with nutrition education activities or other parent/family involvement events. In these settings, WIC staff or trained Head

Start staff may distribute the vouchers. Staff at Puget Sound Educational

Service District Head Start in Seattle, Washington reported:

“It is difficult to list specific collaborative services, because the programs

are totally blended. They are co-located and share all other functions.

Even the Head Start teachers, for example, are trained and authorized

to hand out WIC vouchers. At monthly parent meetings, vouchers are

always available. This increases parent attendance and much of the

nutrition education is offered there [too].”

Survey Findings:

Coordination

Strategies at Work
Another collaborative strategy used is that WIC nutritionists helped plan

the menus served in Head Start. This was reported as particularly helpful

in efforts to integrate a child’s individual or cultural preferences into the

menu, or to incorporate menu strategies for children with special nutrition

needs due to a medical condition. The Pasco County WIC Project stated

that collaborating in this way had many benefits:

“Two [WIC] nutritionists do monthly visits to the Head Start classrooms,

the school system dietitians, food service supervisors and employees.

They modify the school lunch menu to meet the needs of the Head Start

children. [This has fostered] harmony between food service supervisors

and teachers. WIC has been a bridge to making things more comfortable

for the teachers.”

WIC-Head Start Coordination

38 Chapter 5: Providing Nutritious Foods

COORDINATION STRATEGIES AT WORK: 

PROVIDING NUTRITIOUS FOODS

■ WIC vouchers are made available at Head Start centers so parents can

pick up vouchers in conjunction with participating in child/family 

activities.

■ Meal planning for Head Start children with special nutrition needs can

be enhanced by utilizing the expertise of WIC nutritionists.
Chapter 6

Program Administration

“It is important to employ as much organizational

patience as possible. This is the key ingredient to

successful collaboration. Interagency agreements

are important, but the relationships that lead to

them or flow from them are the real key to

effective collaboration”

Survey respondent from Newport, Vermont
WIC-Head Start Coordination

40 Chapter 6: Program Administration

Survey Findings:

Coordination

Strategies at Work

Chapter Six

Program Administration

I

n addition to collaborating to provide direct services as described in the

previous chapters, Head Start and WIC Programs have also worked

together in various ways to support and strengthen administrative activities. Although there are no program regulations or requirements that

specifically address these activities, Coordination has always been fostered

in programs sharing similar needs of similar target populations. The

Interagency Agreement between WIC and Head Start at the Federal level

states that the two agencies will (See appendix A for the complete 

agreement.):

“Encourage local WIC and Head Start agencies to share management

techniques, experiences, and program guidelines...Encourage local WIC

and Head Start agencies to support co-location... (and) to develop joint

staff training opportunities for persons responsible for nutrition 

(services).

A majority of programs reported participation in planning committees

which included representatives from community health and social service

providers. Every Head Start Program, for example, is required to have a

Health Services Advisory Committee that guides the development of

health policies and procedures used in the program. Head Start and WIC

Programs also reported involvement in other community groups that meet

regularly to discuss needs and resources and to identify ways in which

these organizations can support each other and work toward expansion

of service and elimination of duplicative efforts. Some programs reported

that both a WIC and Head Start representative served on a community

planning coordination committee. Many others reported regular joint staff

discussions and planning sessions between WIC and Head Start. Most

reported a staff member designated to serve on the other program’s committee.

The Newport, Vermont example is illustrative:

“At the State level in Vermont, there is a network of directors of parentchild centers which meets once each month to exchange information.

This is almost as helpful as the money itself. The network and training

provided by the State are an invaluable resource. The State of Vermont

is aggressive in fostering collaboration among all programs in the State.

The governor is interested and active in promoting this.”
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 6: Program Administration 41

The Fort Worth, Texas collaboration stated that working together on community planning just makes sense:

“Our job is to help the client access all community services ‘to help set

goals, reach goals, and to learn to access community services.”

The Opelousas, Louisiana WIC-Head Start Collaboration suggests:

“Be persistent. Locate the resources in your community and invite them

to the meetings. Have good coverage of your meetings through the

media. Spread information.”

For some Head Start and WIC Programs, developing formal agreements

between programs is an integral part of planning nutrition services in a

collaborative manner. A number of programs said they worked together

via interagency agreements, memoranda of understanding, or contracts

that carefully specify respective expectations and responsibilities. These

written agreements were reported to be extremely helpful, particularly

during the early stages when new relationships were being forged and

these documents served to provide important structure to negotiations.

For example, the WIC-Head Start Collaboration in Fairbanks, Alaska, operates under a statewide Memorandum of Understanding which laid the

groundwork for a combined application form that enables families to

enroll in both programs. As a result, collaborative strategies such as

shared staff and combined nutrition education efforts are also being

implemented. Program staff expressed confidence that future collaboration

activities will be supported by the agreement, as well.

Two Head Start Programs in the Seattle area reported that they provide

WIC services as a sub-contractor of a local WIC Program. As a sub-contractor, they receive WIC funds to provide all required WIC services within the Head Start setting. These programs report many advantages to this

model of collaboration. Program policies and procedures are adapted to

meet both Head Start and WIC requirements and families are able to

receive all services under one roof. In addition, health and nutrition services staff are responsible for meeting both Head Start and WIC Program

requirements.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

42 Chapter 6: Program Administration

Other programs reported that another way to formalize collaborations is

through combining resources to share staff. In Franklin, North Carolina,

for example, the nutritionist is shared between both WIC and Head Start.

Each program pays a portion of the nutritionist’s salary. The Head Start

Health Coordinator position is not shared; however, that individual serves

on three WIC committees to ensure good communication.

Although only a minority of programs reported that they are co-located or

share facilities to a large extent (for example, both programs administered

through one agency), many more programs reported more limited sharing

of facilities to aid collaborative efforts. For example, several programs

reported:

■ Medical testing and nutrition risk assessments are performed in a single

clinic;

■ Intake interviews are conducted at a single site;

■ WIC food vouchers are distributed at a Head Start facility serving the

same client population;

■ Group or individual nutrition education takes place at a single site; and 

■ Transportation is provided by one program to the other program’s activities.

Head Start’s emphasis on making services family-friendly impacted collaboration efforts in Waterville, Maine. The Kennebec Valley Community

Action Program reported:

“With Head Start and child care expertise, we have helped WIC redesign

offices and waiting rooms to make them more user-friendly.”

Staff training presents another opportunity for collaboration. Head Start

Programs must include on-going opportunities for staff to acquire the

knowledge and skills necessary to implement the Program Performance

Standards. Staff must also be provided with medical, dental, nutrition, and

mental health education. Typically, WIC Programs also provide staff with

training to perform their nutrition assessment, nutrition education, and

referral duties. Thus, there are substantial opportunities for shared training

or subsequent cross-use of professionals and paraprofessionals. Both programs have training needs related to:
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 6: Program Administration 43

■ Professionals or paraprofessionals to conduct intake and ongoing medical and/or nutrition risk assessments, observations, and screenings; and

■ Professionals to conduct or to train staff to conduct parent education

activities. 

Many respondents reported in-service medical and/or nutrition training of

Head Start staff by WIC. Head Start also must train staff in food handling

and food safety for on-site food preparation. Many programs reported this

need can best be met by using WIC’s professional nutrition staff

resources.

Although more often than not WIC staff was helping to train Head Start

staff, Puget Sound Educational Service District Head Start-WIC Program

reported that one potential way Head Start staff might contribute to training WIC staff is to share techniques and strategies for providing nutrition

education directly to young children. As WIC programs serve more

preschool age children, they might use Head Start staff expertise in child

development and education to enhance their nutrition education efforts.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

44 Chapter 6: Program Administration

COORDINATION STRATEGIES AT WORK: 

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

■ Programs participate in planning nutrition services together through

Head Start’s Health Advisory Committee and/or other planning committees in their communities.

■ Programs develop interagency agreements, memoranda of understanding, and contracts that specify each program’s responsibilities in their

collaborative efforts. Some programs also combine resources to share

staff positions.

■ Programs share facilities and co-locate services.

■ Programs plan and conduct staff training sessions to meet both Head

Start and WIC staff development goals.
Chapter 7

Supportive Factors and

Strategies

“It is important to remember that one agency can’t

do it all. Collaboration in the long run gives more

dollars to each agency to work with. Furthermore

it is very important to communicate frequently

and to understand each other’s goals. There can

be hostile feelings if one partner thinks it is doing

more than the other. Cooperation has to be a 

two-way street.”

Survey respondent from Cheyenne, Wyoming
WIC-Head Start Coordination

46 Chapter 7: Supportive Factors and Strategies

Understanding and

Accommodating the

Differences Between

Head Start and WIC 

Chapter Seven

Supportive Factors and Strategies

Programs were asked to identify key issues, factors and strategies that

support collaborative efforts. Respondents identified two key issues

that needed to be addressed to support their efforts to coordinate Head

Start and WIC services for children and families.

Understanding and accommodating the differences between Head Start

and WIC programs was frequently cited as a key issue to confront in

working toward successful collaboration. Thus, respondents focused their

strategies on collaborative efforts that met the needs of both programs. In

areas of service in which program requirements vary (i.e., eligibility criteria or varying methods/time schedules for collecting physical exam data),

collaboration strategies must employ creativity and flexibility. Respondents

also cited the need to consider differences in program administration,

funding, staffing, policies and procedures. A respondent for Gering,

Nebraska points out that it is helpful if agencies can view their specific

program needs and requirements as only part of the equation in a successful partnership.

“Try to put yourself in the other person’s shoes. Appreciate the demands

on their time and try to keep your own needs in perspective relative to

the whole.”

Maintaining confidentiality while sharing child and family data was also

cited as an important issue to confront for successful collaboration

between the programs to occur. Both programs provide a high degree of

confidentiality for medical, income, and other personal and family data.

The majority of programs surveyed reported some sharing of medical and

nutrition assessment information facilitated by release forms, joint collection instruments containing a release, or unified data collection. While

release forms signed by parents/guardians can help to alleviate this problem, ensuring security for these records while allowing personnel from

different programs access to information is a challenge. Respondents from

both WIC and Head Start in Spartanburg, South Carolina reported the following experience:

Confidentiality
“We developed a memorandum of agreement with each Head Start center and share information with parents’ consent. We must get a release

form from parents and have to make the form work both ways. A lot of

paperwork is sent home to parents to sign—consent forms, release of

information forms, etc. Many parents find these papers intimidating

and either cannot fill them out or do it incorrectly. The child loses out

and that is a major barrier we have not resolved. Our goal is to get one

release form for both Head Start and WIC.

Other programs are further along in creating joint release forms. The WIC

agency in Greenville, Ohio, has a joint release form with Head Start that

is very specific about what type of information will be released. It is limited to income, family size, hematocrits, height, and weight. WIC and Head

Start have a combined information form throughout Ohio which helps

reduce the confidentiality barrier. This enables them to share information,

but still protects information that is, and should remain, the property of

only one program.

In Cheyenne, Wyoming, there is a county-wide release form for all agencies that interact with parents. The parents fill out the form, initial each

agency that can share information, and sign on the bottom. This form was

developed in response to a parent’s complaint about having to sign so

many forms. They reported the hardest part was getting all the agencies

to agree on the form. Once they did, however, it has worked effectively. 

WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 7: Supportive Factors and Strategies 47

KEY ISSUES TO ADDRESS IN BUILDING 

SUCCESSFUL COLLABORATION

■ Understanding and accommodating the differences between Head Start

and WIC programs.

■ Maintaining the highest level of confidentiality when sharing child/

family information.

■ Creating joint release forms to facilitate information sharing.

Respondents also identified the following factors and strategies that 

support collaborative efforts.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

48 Chapter 7: Supportive Factors and Strategies

Clear and Frequent

Communication

Clear and frequent communication was reported as a very important prerequisite to success by several programs. The Virgin Island WIC-Head

Start collaboration shared how they use communication to foster 

cooperation:

“Each island is different...what works for one may not work for the

other. We try to encourage people to talk to each other not at each other.

Informally, state what you want to do first. Get a small group together,

decide who will do what and share the jobs. This way no one feels

threatened if their turf is violated.”

Extensive involvement of both programs in the planning for coordinated

services was cited as an important contributor to successful partnerships.

The WIC-Head Start collaboration in Trenton, New Jersey pointed out the

importance of involving staff at all levels, from both programs, in the collaborative planning and process:

“They must be there at the beginning to buy in and participate. If you

set it all up and then bring people in, it never works out....From the bottom up and the top down, everyone has to buy into collaboration....

Collaboration needs to be throughout the infrastructure of the agency.

There are so many different programs and criteria that you need to be

aware of in dealing with other agencies. You also need to be aware 

that people don’t always communicate on the same level. When people

can come to the table with something to offer and feel they are getting

something out of it for their own mission, it works better for the 

collaboration.”

The support and involvement of State and Federal Head Start and WIC

entities was also cited as a supportive factor to collaboration. Several programs reported that the strong encouragement to collaborate from State

and Federal agencies greatly facilitated collaborative activities. Head Start

has a State Collaboration Office in each state and the District of Columbia.

These offices were established to coordinate Head Start with state programs that serve families with young children. State Collaboration projects

can play a key role, as in this example from a New Mexico respondent:

Coordinated

Planning

State and Federal

Support
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Chapter 7: Supportive Factors and Strategies 49

“The Head Start collaboration project was the moving force that got us

started on the collaboration. [The result was] significant training

through seminars that taught the participants how to partner effectively.

This was a great learning experience and was vital to the success of the

collaboration. It gave each program a real sense of the cultures of the

other programs.”

Finally, many programs reported that another prerequisite to facilitate 

collaboration is time. The Cheyenne, Wyoming collaboration stresses the

importance of taking the time needed to make things work smoothly:

“Time is a big factor. Most programs are now having to do more with

less. Staff planning sessions and meetings are an important ingredient,

but unfortunately this most often is the thing that gets put off when there

is a crunch for time.”

Most programs reported that the time investment decreases once a collaboration is in place and functioning smoothly. Oklahoma’s Chickasaw

Nation, however, still cited the importance of investing time in ongoing

communication and planning:

“You need to let your mid-management staff in both programs meet

about three times per year, just to see what you could be doing to better

serve these families.”

Coordination

Takes Time

FACTORS THAT SUPPORT COORDINATION

■ Clear communication.

■ Involvement of both programs’ staff, at many levels, in collaborative

planning and process.

■ Support and encouragement by State and Federal agencies to 

collaborate.

■ Adequate time committed toward planning, implementing and evaluating collaborative efforts.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

50 Report Summary

Report Summary

There are many creative ways Head Start and WIC programs can work

together to enhance the quality of the health and nutrition services

provided to children and families. Each program has its unique experience, expertise and strengths to offer a productive partnership. This publication has provided information on the experiences of local Head Start

and WIC programs who are already working together, including what

they reported as successes, challenges and lessons learned. This information may serve as background for others who are considering building

new collaborations or enhancing existing partnerships. There are many

“next steps” programs can take. As a starting point for obtaining more

information, the following resources are provided in the appendices of

this publication:

For more information about the national efforts to encourage and support

cooperation between WIC and Head Start programs, see Appendix A:

Interagency Agreement Between USDA and The Head Start Bureau,

Head Start-WIC Focus Group Report 1994. If you would like to know

more about the study that was used as a basis of this publication, see

Appendix B: Head Start-WIC Coordination Study: Methodology, and

List of Study Participants. For more information about who you can

contact for information about WIC and/or Head Start at the state and

regional levels, see Appendix C: Key Contacts in Food and Nutrition

Service and Head Start: State Head Start Collaboration Offices,

State WIC Agencies, Head Start Training and Technical Assistance

Network. These are just a few resources programs can access to find out

more about how WIC and Head Start can work together. 

We hope all the information provided in this report is useful to WIC and

Head Start programs as they strive to provide the highest quality health

and nutrition services to young children and families.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 51

Interagency Agreement 

and Head Start-WIC 

Focus Group Report 

Appendix A
ACF

Administration 

for Children 

and Families

WIC-Head Start Coordination

52 Appendix A

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Administration for Children, Youth and Families

1. Log No. ACYF-IM-94-18 2. Issuance Date: 10/20/94

3. Originating Office: Head Start Bureau

4. Key Work: WIC

INFORMATION MEMORANDUM

TO: Head Start Grantees and Delegate Agencies 

SUBJECT: Interagency Agreement between the Administration for Children and Families and the U.S.

Department of Agriculture 

INFORMATION: In August 1994, the Assistant Secretary for Children and Families and the Assistant Secretary for

Food and Consumer Services signed the attached Interagency Agreement. The purpose of this

Agreement is to establish a collaborative relationship between the Head Start Bureau and the

Special Supplemental Food Program for Pregnant Women and Children (WIC) at the federal

level, so that the programs can work together to promote and support Regional, State and

local efforts to improve service delivery to children and families. The Agreement outlines activities that can be undertaken at each level that will support the Agreement and enhance program coordination and service delivery. 

Head Start grantee and delegate agencies are encouraged to take the first step and contact

their Regional ACF and USDA Food and Nutrition Service Regional Offices listed in the attachments to the Agreement. 

ATTACHMENT: Interagency Agreement between ACF and the USDA

Olivia A. Golden

Commissioner

Administration on Children,

and Families

cc: Regional Administrators, ACF, Regions I-X

American Indian and Migrant Programs Branch 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 53

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICES

Dear Head Start and WIC Directors:

President Clinton is committed to improving the health and well being of all children and families in this country. We share the President’s commitment to this effort. Congress has also acknowledged the importance in

improving the health of our children by providing increased funding for both the Special Supplemental Food

Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the Head Start Program.

Both programs have many common goals, such as providing nutritious foods and nutrition education to participants. Another common goal is to assist parents in making informed decisions about the physical and emotional

well-being of their children. Head Start and WIC can serve as excellent referral bases for each other due to similar income eligibility requirements. In addition, both programs address health issues such as lead poisoning,

child abuse, substance abuse, and immunizations.

In support of the President’s commitment to investment in our children’s health through the Head Start and WIC

Programs, we have developed an Interagency Agreement that encourages the promotion and support of

Regional, State, and local efforts to improve program coordination and service delivery for low-income children

and their families who are eligible to participate in the Head Start and WIC Programs. A copy of the Agreement

is enclosed. While coordination at the federal level is very useful, we realize that coordination at the community

level between local Head Start and WIC programs will produce more tangible results. We encourage you to read

over the enclosed Agreement, and to use it as a starting point as you reach out to your WIC/Head Start counter

part and begin to discuss ways to work together. This is an opportune time for both programs to recommit to

working together to improve the lives of the children and families served by enhancing the effectiveness and

quality of our programs.

Sincerely,

Ellen Haas Mary Jo Bane

Assistant Secretary for Assistant Secretary for

Food and Consumer Services Children and Families

Enclosure
WIC-Head Start Coordination

54 Appendix A

INTERAGENCY AGREEMENT 

BETWEEN

HEAD START BUREAU ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES (ACF)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

AND

SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAMS DIVISION (SFPD)

FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE (FNS)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

I. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this Interagency Agreement is to establish a collaborative relationship between the Head Start

Bureau and the Supplemental Food Programs Division at the Federal level. These agencies will work together to

promote and support Regional, State and local efforts to improve program coordination and services delivery for

low-income children and their families who are eligible to participate in the Head Start Program and the Special

Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

II. AUTHORITY

HEAD START

This Agreement is made under the Authority of the Economy Act, approved June 30, 1932, as amended (31

U.S.C. 1535).

WIC

The WIC Program is authorized by Section 17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786), as amended.

The WIC Program is one of several programs administrated by the Food and Nutrition Service that serves lowincome women and children.

III. BACKGROUND

A. WIC Program

Congress created the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in 1972 to

meet the special nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding and postpartum women, infants, and children up to

age 5. Currently, WIC operates through State health departments in 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto

Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. Additionally, 31 Indian tribal bands and organizations serve as State agencies.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 55

To be eligible for WIC, applicants must have income at or below 185 percent of the Federal poverty income

guidelines, or be a participant in Aid to Family with Dependent Children (AFDC), Food Stamps, or Medicaid.

Although there is no length of residency requirement, applicants must reside in the State which is administering

the WIC Program. In addition, persons must be at nutritional risk and in need of the specific supplemental foods

the program offers. Nutritional risk is assessed by a health professional, according to a broad range of conditions, such as: low hematocrit/hemoglobin, inappropriate weight for height, a history of high-risk pregnancies,

low birthweight, hypertension, (in infants and children) failure to thrive, and some categories of children with

special health care needs.

The supplemental foods provided by WIC contain nutrients (protein, calcium, iron, and vitamins A and C) often

lacking in diets of the target population. The WIC Program provides nutrition education to emphasize the relationship between nutrition and good health. The WIC Program also serves as an adjunct to the health care system by establishing linkages with health care providers. WIC makes referrals to health and social services such

as Medicaid, Early and Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment Program (EPSDT), immunization, drug and

alcohol use counseling, prenatal care, programs for children with special health care needs, well-baby care, family planning, AFDC, Food Stamps, migrant services, Community Health Centers, Head Start, Even Start, child

abuse counseling, and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP).

B. Head Start Program

The Head Start Program began in 1965 under the Economic Opportunity Act, and is based on the premise that

all children share certain needs, and that children of low-income families, in particular, can benefit from a comprehensive developmental program to meet these needs. Head Start emphasizes cognitive and language development, socio-emotional development, physical and mental health, and parent involvement. Typically, children

enrolled in Head Start are 3-5 years old. The program is designed to maximize the strengths and unique experiences of each child. Parent involvement is a key element of Head Start since parents are considered to be the

primary educators of their children.

The Head Start Program consists of four components: education, health, parent involvement, and social services.

The health component focuses on four areas: medical, dental, nutrition, and mental health. Head Start children

are required to receive a thorough medical and dental examination, health screenings, and immunization assessment, and a nutrition assessment after they enter the program. All children enrolled in Head Start are offered a

nutritious breakfast upon arrival in the morning. They also receive lunch half-day program, lunch and a snack, if

the program is a full day program. Many Head Start programs participate in the Child and Adult Care Food

Program (CACFP) sponsored by the Special Nutrition Programs, FNS, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The Parent and Child Centers (PCCs) are comprehensive child development and family support programs which

were established and continue to be supported by the National Head Start Program to serve children 0-3 years

old and their families. PCCs serve parent/child dyads (children between the ages of birth and 3) and pregnant

women in center based and home based settings. PCCs provide early and intensive attention to nutrition needs

and counseling as well as prevention of nutrition-related deficits during pregnancy.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

56 Appendix A

IV. AREAS OF STATE AND LOCAL COLLABORATION

Both Head Start and the WIC Program are encouraged to work together at the State and local level to better

meet the needs of low-income children and their families. Areas for targeting collaborative efforts include:

A. Nutrition Services

WIC and Head Start are encouraged to promote the exchange of information about each program’s procedures

and standards for providing nutrition services to low-income children and their families. In order to accomplish

this, both programs are encouraged to identify areas of commonality, such as nutrition assessment and education; gaps in services; and practices that have found to be most effective for each program. For example, both

WIC and Head Start require a nutrition assessment which includes height, weight, anthropometric, and dietary

information. State and local agencies are encouraged to identify ways to minimize duplication of effort in obtaining this information from persons enrolled in both programs.

B. Nutrition Education

WIC and Head Start are encouraged to exchange educational approaches and materials for children by inviting

representatives from the respective programs to attend local, State, regional and national meetings. In addition,

Head Start is encouraged to invite a WIC representative to serve on the Head Start Policy Council and Health

and Nutrition Advisory Committee. To the extent available, WIC State and local agencies are encouraged to provide Head Start with WIC nutrition education materials. When appropriate, both programs are encouraged to

provide nutrition education contacts for WIC and/or Head Start participants.

C. Shared Information

WIC and Head Start are encouraged to share statistical, medical and eligibility information regarding participants

to the extent that confidentiality policies permit. In addition, both programs are encouraged to share information

for community needs assessment. If opportunity allows, WIC and Head Start may consider co-sponsoring community resource fairs and community information sessions. The programs are urged to welcome and encourage

contributions to WIC and Head Start bulletins and newsletters. Also, Head Start is encouraged to provide WIC

with Head Start menus for the purpose of developing WIC nutrition education lessons.

D. Display of Information

WIC and Head Start are encouraged to obtain and display information on each other’s programs (bilingual

brochures, posters, etc.) for the purpose of referring potentially eligible participants; and to inform participants

about program locations and services. For informational purposes, the Head Start Program is encouraged to periodically invite a WIC representative to be a guest speaker at the Head Start Parent Involvement Day.

E. Other Health Care Services and Referrals

WIC and Head Start are encouraged to identify other health care services and referrals available to program participants, such as EPSDT/Medicaid. Whenever possible, the programs may consider using a joint application

form, such as the “Model Application Form,” in an effort to improve efficiency, time, and cost-effectiveness. The

programs are also encouraged to work together to coordinate services and referrals to avoid overlap and prevent

gaps in service.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 57

F. Immunization Screening and Referrals

WIC and Head Start are encouraged to share useful approaches to providing immunization services through program staff or referral agencies. This may be achieved by coordinating efforts to provide full access to immunizations for pre-school age children served by Head Start, PCC, and WIC.

G. Special Grant Project and Referrals

Where Head Start grantees have been awarded special grants, they will be encouraged to work with local WIC

agencies to identify appropriate community resources for purposes of participant referrals.

H. Staff Training

WIC and Head Start are encouraged to develop joint staff training opportunities for persons responsible for

nutrition education.

I. Volunteer Services

WIC and Head Start are encouraged to exchange information on the training and use of volunteers within each

program. Both programs may share guidelines, materials, management techniques, and experiences.

J. Interagency Agreement

SFPD and the Head Start Bureau agree to develop and proactively uphold this Interagency Agreement between

the WIC and Head Start Programs to foster coordination of services and working relationships at the Federal,

State, and local levels.

V. RESPONSIBILITIES

Areas of Collaboration at the Federal Level

Both Agencies

Both agencies will inform their grantees, through regional offices, that they encourage the establishment of written agreements to share participant information for eligibility and outreach purposes, in accordance with applicable regulations, guidance and instructions.

Actions that the Head Start Bureau and SFPD will encourage at the Federal level are:

(1) Jointly develop a “Best Practices Guide” which will feature examples of successful local level collaboration

efforts.

(2) Share information on new program initiatives, policy guidance materials and legislation impacting on program participants. Encourage joint staff training on eligibility guidelines.

(3) Encourage State and local Head Start and WIC Programs to adopt and use a joint application form such as

the “Model Application Form”.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

58 Appendix A 

(4) Encourage the development of Regional, State, and local memoranda of understanding between WIC and

Head Start to foster coordination of service and working relationships at the State and local levels.

(5) Support research projects which review and evaluate efforts, policies, and proposals to coordinate with

other programs.

(6) Provide WIC State agencies with the Directory of Head Start Programs, Parent Child Centers, and names of

State National Head Start Association (NHSA) presidents.

(7) Provide Head Start Programs and Parent Child Centers with contact information for WIC Program State

agencies.

(8) Encourage local WIC and Head Start agencies to share management techniques, experiences, and program

guidelines.

(9) Conduct periodic meetings between the Head Start Bureau and SFPD to discuss progress in meeting goals

of the Interagency Agreement and the development of a plan to publish and disseminate the “Best Practices

Guide.”

(10) Encourage local WIC and Head Start agencies to support co-location.

VI. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERAGENCY AGREEMENT

SFPD and the Head Start Bureau will support cooperation and coordination between the WIC and Head Start

Programs at the Federal level, and agree to distribute this Interagency Agreement and encouraged its implementation at the State and local levels.

SFPD will make this Interagency Agreement available to the 7 WIC Regional Offices (See Attachment I) for dissemination to WIC State agencies. State agencies will be strongly encouraged to share this Agreement with local

agencies.

The Administration for Children and Families will make this Interagency Agreement available to the 10 Regional

Offices, all Head Start grantees, and State NHSA presidents.

VII. COST

At this time, there will be no transfer of funds to support this Interagency Agreement.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 59

VIII. EFFECTIVE DATE

This Agreement shall be effective upon the signatures of the authorized officials of the Administration for

Children and Families and the Food and Nutrition Service. It shall continue in force and effect until either party

provides written notification of termination. Such notice shall be given to the other party at least 30 days in

advance of the termination date.

IX. MODIFICATION

Supplements or modifications to this agreement may be entered into jointly by parties signed below, or their

designees. 

Ellen Haas Date Mary Jo Bane Date

Assistant Secretary for Assistant Secretary for

Food and Consumer Services Children and Families

U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Health

and Human Services

Olivia A. Golden Date

Commissioner, Administration

on Children, Youth and Families

U.S. Department of Health

and Human Services

Attachment
U.S. Department of

Agriculture Food and

Nutrition Services

Regional Offices 

WIC-Head Start Coordination

60 Appendix A

Northeast Regional Office

Food and Nutrition Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

10 Causeway Street

Boston, MA 0222-1066

(617) 565-6440

Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,

New Hampshire, New York, Rhode

Island, Vermont

Mid-Atlantic Regional Office

Food and Nutrition Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Mercer Corporate Park

300 Corporate Boulevard

Robbinsville, NJ 08691-1598

(609) 259-5100 

Delaware, District of Columbia,

Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,

Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Virginia,

West Virginia 

Southeast Regional Office

Food and Nutrition Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

77 Forsyth Street, S.W., Suite 112

Atlanta, GA 30303

(404) 730-2607

Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Mississippi, North Carolina, South

Carolina, Tennessee

Western Regional Office

Food and Nutrition Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

550 Kearney Street, Room 400

San Francisco, CA 94108

(415) 705-1313

Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii,

Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington,

Guam 

Midwest Regional Office

Food and Nutrition Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

77 West Jackson Boulevard - 20th floor

Chicago, IL 60604-3507

(312)886-6625

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,

Ohio, Wisconsin

Mountain Plains Regional Office

Food and Nutrition Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

1244 Speer Boulevard Suite 903

Denver, CO 80204

(303) 844-0331

Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, 

Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, 

South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming 

Southwest Regional Office

Food and Nutrition Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

1100 Commerce Street, Room 5C30

Dallas, TX 75242

(214) 767-0220

Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,

Oklahoma, Texas 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 61

Strategies for Developing 

and Improving Linkages 

between Head Start and WIC

Submitted by 

Dr. H. Susie Coddington 

ERIS Enterprises, Inc. 

5457 Twin Knolls Road, Suite 402

Columbia, MD 21045 

301.596.0059 

Focus Group Report
WIC-Head Start Coordination

62 Appendix A 

Creating a 21st Century Head Start, the Final Report of The Advisory

Committee on Head Start Quality and Expansion notes that “Over the past

28 years, the landscape of community services has changed dramatically.”

However, in many communities and states the programs and agencies

responsible for addressing the needs of young children “operate in isolation from one another, without adequate resources, planning, and coordination.” The committee envisioned an expanded and renewed Head Start

which ‘Forges new partnerships at the community, state, and federal levels,

renewing and recrafting these partnerships to fit the changes in families,

communities, and state and national policy.”

Prior to the release of the above report the Department of Health and

Human Services (DHHS) and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) had

already established formal and informal partnerships. DHHS and USDA

have in place a Memorandum of Understanding which ensures that Head

Start programs receive the benefits of the USDA Child Nutrition Programs,

either The Child and Adult Care Food Program or the National School

Lunch Program. Efforts have been underway to promote a similar arrangement between the Head Start Bureau and USDA’s Special Supplemental

Food Program for Women Infant and Children (WIC).

The Head Start Bureau and WIC staff formed a work group which had

been meeting periodically to discuss strategies to improve national,

regional, and local program linkages. In 1993 a draft national agreement

was developed. A Focus Group consisting of federal, regional, state and

local Head Start and WIC representatives was formed to review the agreement and to identify existing linkages between the two programs.

The Focus Group meeting was held to discuss the agreement and identify

strategies for developing and improving linkages between Head Start and

WIC. The Focus Group met on January 19, 1994 in Bethesda, MD. Dr. H.

Susie Coddington, an outside facilitator was selected to conduct the meeting. The facilitator or participants recorded the group discussions and

conclusions on chart paper. This report, in accordance with the ground

rules set by the focus group, contains a summary of that data as recorded

and captures the discussions and recommendations of the participants.

Clarifying or background information is presented in italics.

Background
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 63

The meeting began with greetings and opening remarks from Barbara

Hallman, Chief, WIC Policy and Program Development Branch, USDA

and Robin Brocato, Health Specialist, Head Start Bureau.

Barbara Hallman:

“It is an exciting time to be in Head Start and WIC in that President

Clinton considers WIC and Head Start investment programs for our children’s future. For Fiscal Year 1994 WIC received a $350 million increase

over its Fiscal Year 1993 appropriation. The budget request for Fiscal Year

1995 is projected to provided a $350 million increase over the Fiscal Year

1994 level. With the increase in funding, the largest expansion is expected

to occur with children from ages 2 to 4.

The opportunity exists for many positive coordination efforts between WlC

and Head Start because we serve the same population. An example of WIC

and Head Start coordination efforts is the Padres Hispanos En Accion.

It is a nutrition education project of the American Home Economics

Association, sponsored by Kraft Foods with additional support from the

Head Start Bureau. The project entails the production of three education

videos, calendars, and training guides in Spanish for use with Hispanic

Head Start families. The Head Start Bureau will be responsible for distributing these materials.

Recognizing that both WIC and Head Start will most likely be receiving significant increases in funding for services to our similar target population

in the coming fiscal years, it is an opportune time for both programs to

recommit to working together to enhance the effectiveness and quality of

our programs.”

Robin Brocato:

“In June 1993, the Advisory committee on Head Start Quality and

Expansion was created to review the Head Start Program and make recommendations for improvement and expansion. The Advisory Committee

issued a report in December, 1993, which included a series of recommendations implementing three broad principles:

• Every Head Start program should strive for excellence.

Overview of Meeting:

Opening Remarks 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

64 Appendix A

• Future expansions should expand the number of children served and the

scope of services provided in a way that is more responsive to the

needs of children and families.

• Head Start programs should be encouraged to forge partnerships with

key community and state institutions and programs.

This report will serve as a blueprint for future Head Start Bureau activities.

This meeting is consistent with two of the Advisory Committee principles:

future expansions, and forging partnerships. Future expansions will

include serving more children three to five years old, but will also involve 

expanding services to children 0-3 years old. Forging partnerships involves

improving collaboration on a federal, state and local level. Head Start and

WIC can work together as they expand services to children and families.”

The Facilitator began the meeting by asking the participants to establish the

operating procedures for the meeting The group agreed on the following:

• Be open and honest

• Respect each other

• Meet comforts need on your own

• Okay to disagree

• Don’t interrupt

• Everyone has opportunity to be heard

• Group ideas will be charted for group memory and used for reporting

purposes

The participants were asked to identify and share their goals and expectations for the meeting.

1. To find areas of collaboration which would be helpful in a practical

& realistic way.

Ground Rules For The

Focus Meetings 

Goals and Expectations 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 65

2. Clarify differences; i.e. rural vs. urban.

3. Identify examples/Models based on areas-state or local, urban or

rural. That information should specify location that the model comes

from; including the name and phone number of the contact person

for that model.

4. Collect Best Practices/Models of Linkages. Determine how to proceed to the next step-examine and evaluate.

5. Learn what is happening in Head Start-barriers; information on

health servives; how to improve.

6. Clarification of funding issues/special projects allowable for each

program.

7. Help determine if we (USDA, Office of Analysis and Evaluation)

should create demonstration projects or evaluate what already exists.

8. Explore other funding issues-alternate resources, including volunteers

and private or non-government funding.

9. The Interagency Agreement-rework it to make it flexible and adaptable.

10. Identify how to disseminate/promote prototype agreement.

11. Identify outcome objectives of the agreement, especially allowing for

flexibility.

12. Determine needs/structure of both programs.

13. Examine WIIFM (What’s in it for me) for both Head Start and WIC

and their clients.

14. Address confidentially issues and the need for agreement on confidentially.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

66 Appendix A

For a portion of the meeting the participants worked in two small groups

to share and discuss existing linkages between Head Start and WIC.

Although the task was to identify existing linkages, the majority of the

information reported out from the groups was on possible linkages. The

groups used chart paper to record the linkages. The information below is

a break down of the groups’ notes, categorized by linkages already in

place and ideas generated as they brainstormed possible future linkages.

• WIC nutritionists do nutrition education for Head Start children, parents,

and teachers

• WIC does/shares Ht/Wt/Hgb for medical standards

• WIC does community needs assessment

• WIC does parent meetings

• Head Start provides WIC with a list of unserved clients

• WIC refers 3 year old children to Head Start

• WIC serves on Head Start Advisory Committee & serves on Parent

Policy Council

• Head Start follows up on missed WIC contacts

• Head Start site used as WIC out-clinic

• Head Start records used for WIC eligible certification-income and medical

• WIC coordinates/facilitates WIC eligible determination at Head Start site

• Issuance of WIC at parent training

• WIC staff on site at Head Start for nutrition education in class, plus 

follow up of high risk

Linkages

Existing Linkages
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 67

• Head Start refers physicals into Well Child/WIC clinics leading to meeting Head Start performance standards and completion of WIC certification 

• Head Start facilitates follow up of high risk kids for nutrition counseling

and medical care 

• Farmers Market coupons in WIC: use of fruits and veggies, WIC distributes through Head Start, EFNEP did Nutrition education, started using

private resources 

• Mobile Services: in South Carolina, WIC has vans which are fully

stocked for WIC, EPSDT, Physicals/immunizations. The vans go to Head

Start agencies and serve over 700 children. It was noted that it is important to have parents present 

• Migrant Head Start Programs do certification on site

• Application Process:

• could the forms be standardized or adapted to increase interface?

• who was referred, who refused referral?

• Link with EPSDT:

• Nutrition screening tool, age specific that can be administered by 

non-nutritionists

• Determine the school entry requirements for medical/nutritional assessment

• Determine the medical data documentation needed for both programs

and school/child care programs

• Interface WIC paraprofessional training/Head Start nutrition education to

count as WIC Nutrition Education

• Develop integrated computer systems for tracking participation of both

programs

Possible Linkages
WIC-Head Start Coordination

68 Appendix A

• Coordination of immunization for WIC also benefits Head Start

• Co-locate immunization services with Head Start/WIC/Child care facility

• Meetings-professional meetings, local Health and Nutrition committees,

Governing Board, statewide liaison: statewide newsletter, statewide

meetings

• Focus on getting nutrition information to parents at Head Start

• Need to have healthy Parent involvement component

• Pull EFNEP and NET in also

• Increase staffing - quality and quantity

• Volunteers-nutritionist/home economist: volunteer retention is an issue

to be considered here

• Coordinate on Nutrition Education materials

• State WIC Advisory Council: Board of Directs, Policy Council

Meetings—Monthly Parent meetings

• Public meetings—Volunteer recognition, state/regional/national Head

Start conferences

• Referrals:

• at outreach

• at application time—fill out Head Start application during WIC

application and forward, with income documents, to Head Start

• at enrollment to Head Start

• Share statistics: from Head Start to State WIC; participation from WIC to

Head Start for long range planning

• Universal application

• Health screening linkage needs to be with EPSDT, also consider issues

with Health Reform 
Barriers

* Confidentially issue: share 

information with States on how

to do this; specifically the 

logistics of how info is shared, 

duplicated 

* Not sharing or clarifying the

requirements with the entire

program and staff. 

* Need list of all programs that

require same data, i.e. height,

weight. 

* Confusion about type of data

needed: income requirements,

assessments, etc.

* Various income standards for

different program, especially

difficult if trying to use a

shared form.

* Lack of data on number of children on WIC and in Head Start.

* Time frame to get WIC benefits

judged not worth the wait. 

* Lack of Head Start State level

counter-part agency.

* Don’t know if linkages can be

done at time of enrollment.

* Not linking for outreach 

purposes. 

Driving Forces

• Head Start “season,” coordinate

season with tasks and coordinate with WIC re-certification.

• Would reduce duplication of

testing, etc.

• Training, education and sharing

of information and resources.

• State coordination (one of the

22 grants). 

WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 69

Barriers To WIC/Head

Start Linkages 

Barriers to linkage repeatedly entered into the discussions. A force field

analysis was done to generate a listing of all of the possible barriers or

restraining forces and the driving forces or reasons for linkage. Examining

the barriers and determining which can be removed or reduced is a suggested method to increase likelihood that linkages can happen.
WIC-Head Start Coordination

70 Appendix A

Draft National

Agreement

Several of the participants came to the meeting having reviewed the draft

agreement and had specific comments to share. However, part of the group

discussion was not on the content of the agreement, but the logistics for

implementing an agreement at the state and/or local levels given the differences in administrative structures. For the participants who were not

familiar with both programs, a flowchart was drawn to illustrate the

regional, state and local differences and influences affecting both programs.

• Head Start does not have a “state” agency which raises questions as to

which program or agency actually enters into the agreement.

• Referrals, Item (D), is the most important piece of the document.

Recommend that it be separated and placed up front at the beginning

of the agreement for emphasis.

• Nutrition Education, Item (B): add information to clarify that Head Start

may not have same level of nutrition education available.

• Both programs need to have adequate staff. Head Start needs to purchase services plus use WIC. The focus should be on quality or should

focus on collaboration as means to quality and not abdication of services/responsibility to the other program.

• Needs some minimum elements.

• State or local focus groups suggested as an option for implementing an

agreement. There is also a need for grants to fund these local or state

focus groups.

• Build in levels of activities to transition into the agreement. The current

draft document needs additional support. Additionally, the document

and other materials used in a collaborative effort need to be made available in a bilingual format.

• Agreement, should emphasize piggyback and support services—especially with co-location. Would also be helpful for Parent Education and

to make sure information is consistent (or at least not contradictory).
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 71

• As part of the Agreement, or in the “Best Practices,” share information

on Head Start agencies doing substance abuse (drug abuse education

and referrals for participants).

• Special Grant Projects. Make them general or change to generic Head

Start grants, or have the option to change from grant specific, but focus

on information referral.

• Item (I), delete the last sentence which reads, “This exchange may

occur as frequently as each program feels is necessary.”

• The frequency of entering into the agreement was not resolved; dependent upon local criteria and the agency administering Head Start and

WIC.

• Information on the purpose of the agreement needs to clearly address

joint efforts to do the job more effectively; address issues of quality,

perhaps by giving an example of where there already is co-location and

full collaboration. (Best practices)

• Plus the agreement should add issues addressing customer services

(how will this benefit the parents and children: not just the program

staff); again focus on quality; and with an emphasis on being userfriendly. Ideally this would be similar to one-stop shopping.

• Identify areas of mutual benefit.

On the topic of Best Practices the group appeared to be in consensus that

some type of Best Practices or Models of Linkages was desirable. They

offered several ideas on how the process for selection might be structured

and how to solicit program input.

• One option is to work through Regional Offices, similar to the Best

Practices done by USDA’s National School Lunch Program.

• Disseminate questionnaire with structure or criteria (critical events/elements) at National WIC meeting and National Head Start Meeting.

Best Practices 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

72 Appendix A

• The criteria should define area, type of Program (rural, etc.).

• Question of who will develop the form. It was suggested to have volunteers to review the form, and it would be faxed to all members of the

focus group as the initial volunteer group.

• From the responses of volunteers identify the common elements.

• The draft form should be done at all levels, making sure all efforts,

even the basic, are included.

• Rethink title; is this really Best Practices or Models?

The participants generated the following list of follow up actions to be

taken after the meeting to foster linkages.

• Look for elements required, or areas of sameness, for Head Start and

WIC.

• Head Start performance Standards to be shared with the WIC participants; the Head Start Bureau has agreed to send the Standards to the

meeting participants.

• Share existing joint form or combined form. Federal WIC staff offered to

do some of this. Need to examine who uses these forms and are the

combined form(s) acceptable?

The Federal HHS representative and the Federal level representatives from

USDA agreed to continue to meet as a work group to: (1) address all of

the follow-up issues identified by the focus group; (2) finalize and disseminate the Agreement; and (3) explore methodology for collecting best

practices for WIC/Head Start collaboration.

Follow-Up Actions 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix A 73

The participants reviewed the meeting by doing a group summary.

• Explored linkages

• Learned about each other

• Talked about agreement/no agreement

• Discussed procedure for “Best Practices”; questionnaire needed

• Examined need for flexibility and realistic approach to collaboration

• Determined that information on program size and location needs to be

shared

• Head Start Performance Standards need to be shared and common elements for both programs identified

Group Summary Of

Meeting 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

74 Appendix A

Group Evaluation Of

The Meeting 

The meeting concluded with a group evaluation. 

What Went Well

What Did You Like

Time to focus on other systems,

leading to opportunity for program growth 

Getting info on Head Start was

good 

Opportunity to share through all

the levels 

Good representation of

urban/rural

Ideas to implement right away

Coordinate with WIC & Head

Start in State plan

Idea for having this focus group

Not doing this in September 

Areas For Improvement 

More time 

Program information as background before the meeting 

Information on transportation for

the airport, etc. 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix B 75

Study Methodology 

and List of Study Participants

Appendix B
WIC-Head Start Coordination

76 Appendix B

Project Origin and Purpose. Under a contract funded by both the U.S.

Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) and the U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services’ Administration for Children

and Families, Research-able, Inc., undertook a project – “The WIC-Head

Start Coordination Study” – planned for a 24-month period from October,

1994 through September, 1996. The purpose of this study was to identify

collaborative activities between WIC and Head Start at the local program

level and disseminate information about these activities to encourage

replication throughout the country.

Legal and Regulatory Review. Prior to implementation of the four-phase

data collection component of this study, a review of WIC and Head Start

legislation, regulations and standards was conducted to identify major

areas for cooperation/coordination between the WIC and Head Start

Programs and major barriers to cooperation between these programs.

Pretesting Data Collection Devices. Data-gathering instruments were

tested to ensure their effectiveness. As the data collection interview questionnaire for Phase I was very brief and straightforward, pretesting of the

questionnaires occurred for Phases II and III only in the interest of time

and cost efficiency.

Methodology
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix B 77

Phase II and Phase III pretests were conducted March 30 through April 6,

1995. FNS provided the names of three Head Start and two WIC Programs

for use in the pretest. Following the pretest, minor adjustments were

made to the computerized interview program to permit sufficient time and

space for full responses to each question.

Data Collection. Information for the study was collected in four phases

from persons knowledgeable about collaborative efforts currently in place

between the WIC and Head Start Programs at the local level as follows:

Telephone interviews were completed with 126 WIC and Head Start staff

members. The interview process began in early November, 1995, and

concluded in mid-March, 1996. The interviewees consisted of the following:

■ WIC State Agency Directors;

■ WIC and Head Start Regional Directors;

■ Grant-Funded Head Start State Collaborations;

■ WIC and Head Start ITO Directors; and

■ Directors of the National Head Start Association and the National

Association of WIC Directors.

Respondents in Phase I recommended a total of 140 local agencies and

programs as having sufficient collaborative activities in place to merit

inclusion in Phase II data collection interviews. The agencies/programs

suggested included 94 WIC agencies and 46 Head Start programs. With

the total number of respondents for Phase II limited to 100, criteria were

developed to evaluate the level of collaboration to determine which local

program/agencies would be included in Phase II. In consultation with

FNS and DHHS, Research-able identified 101 agencies/programs that had

a level of collaborative activity in place which merited additional study. 

Telephone interviews were completed with 95 WIC agencies/Head Start

Programs. The purpose of Phase II interviews was to gain specific

detailed information about their collaborative activities and further evaluate their potential for inclusion in the universe of local programs/agencies

with highly developed collaborations to be the subject of in-depth study

Phase II:

Phase I: 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

78 Appendix B

in Phase III. Contacts with Phase II respondents began April 4th and continued through May 10th, 1996. As with Phase I data, a matrix was developed to evaluate Phase II responses to guide the selection of 35 local

program/agencies to be included in Phase III interviews. Again in consultation with FNS and DHHS, 35 respondents were identified for Phase III

participation. 

Phase III targeted 35 local programs/agencies along with their collaborative counterparts, for a total of 70 in-depth interviews. Sixty-seven interviews were completed during June and July 1996. Phase III interviews

had a dual purpose: (1) to gain very specific detailed information about

the nature, origin, operation and benefits of existing collaborative activities; and, (2) to identify sites for intensive study during Phase IV site visits. Again in consultation with FNS and DHHS three sites were selected

for Phase IV participation. 

Site visits were conducted to three local program facilities identified for

in-depth study in Phase IV. Site visits provided the opportunity to observe

operational collaborative activities and to conduct in-depth interviews

with local personnel responsible for management of these collaborative

efforts. The hands-on observation of collaborative activities provided

invaluable information and insights which enabled the research team to

identify elements crucial to successful implementation and ongoing operation of collaborations.

In all phases, the selection processes, whereby sites were identified for

further study in subsequent phases, directed special attention to local

facilities providing services to Native American and Migrant populations to

ensure the special needs and activities of these programs were given

appropriate consideration and representation. At the same time, every

effort was made to include the broadest possible spectrum of geographic,

demographic and economic representation to ensure the highest possible

degree of relevance for the entire WIC and Head Start community.

Phase III:

Phase IV:
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Demographic Breakdown of Agencies/Programs

Demographic Characteristics Total WIC Head Start

Region

Mid Atlantic

VA, MD, DC, DE, PA, NJ, NY 14 11 3

Midwest

OH, IA, MI, MN, WI, IL, IN 15 8 7

Southwest

AZ, NM, OK, TX 31 23 8

MidSouth

AR, LA, MS, MO 4 3 1

Pacific

CA, OR, WA, HI, AK 19 10 9

Territories

VI, PR 2 2 0

New England

ME, VT, NH, MA, RI, CT 16 12 4

Southeast

FL, GA, AL, NC, SC 16 10 6

Plains

MT, ND, SD, NE, KS 16 10 6

Appalachia

KY, TN, WV 7 4 3

West

ID, CO, NV, WY, UT 9 7 2

Type of Facility

City/county health department 15 15 0

Hospital 2 2 0

Maternal/Child health clinic 2 2 0

Community action agency 29 23 6

Community based non-profit 2 0 2

Local government 1 0 1

School system 14 0 14

Other 79 54 25

Don’t know 5 4 1

Special Population Served

(voluntarily specifically identified by respondent

ITO 36 28 8

Migrant 4 4 0

Hispanic 1 1 0

Black 0 0 0

Other 0 0 0

Appendix B 79
WIC-Head Start Coordination

80 Appendix B 

Coordination Variables of Agencies/Programs Suggested by Respondents

Variable Total WIC Head Start

Co-location 34 18 16

Cross referrals 70 46 24

Joint Recruitment 37 30 7

Nature of Relationship

Contract 8 3 5

MOA/MOU 17 10 7

Shared Staff 20 13 7

Certification Activities

Co-certification 22 14 8

Acceptance of other’s data 3 3 0

Joint Screening 7 7 0

Nutrition-related Activities

Shared assessment information 32 18 14

Joint nutrition assessment 14 8 6

Nutrition education for groups 60 34 18

Diet assessments 17 13 4

Individual nutrition counseling 17 10 7

Follow-up to monitor progress 9 41 13

Parent training 44 31 13

Staff training 30 25 5

Menu planning for HS facility 14 8 6

Medical-related activities

Joint assessments/screenings 30 15 15

Joint release form 5 4 1

Complete physicals 9 7 2

Shared medical information 70 47 23

Hematocrits 60 40 20

Height and weight assessments 49 33 16

Immunizations 14 11 3

Medical referrals 3 2 1

Medical follow-ups 11 6 5

Parent training/counseling 11 9 2

Shared medical equipment 6 5 1

Other

Voucher distribution 13 7 6

Transportation 5 4 1

Joint staff planning meetings 12 8 4

Participation of Health Adv. 33 25 8

Shared non-medical equip. 9 7 2

Health fairs 10 8 2
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix B 81

Anne Harbert

Nutrition Director

Madison County Health Department

745 West Forest

Jackson, TN 38301

901-423-3020

Patty Campbell

Director

Anderson County Health Department

P.O. Box 429

Clinton, TN 37716

423-482-0070

Teresa Bryant

Director

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians WIC

Program

P.O. Box 1145

Cherokee, NC 28719

704-497-7297

Beatrice Carson

Director

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Early

Childhood Education

Education Program

P.O. Box 6010

Philadelphia, MS 38350

601-656-2211

Shirley Hutchinson

WIC Administrator

Puget Sound Educational Service

District

WIC Program

400 S.W. 152nd Street

Burien, WA 98166-2209

206-439-6910 Ext 2771

Sue Walen

Coordinator

Takoma Pierce County Health

Department

3629 South D Street

Mail Stop PCD 030

Takoma, WA 98408

206-591-6517

WIC Agencies

Dianne Slabaugh

Health and Rehabilitative Services

Collier County

WIC Project

3301 East Tamiami Trail

Naples, FL 33062

914-774-8202

Clara Lawhead

Director

Health and Rehabilitative Services

Pasco County

WIC Project

10841 Little Road

New Port Richie, FL 34654-2533

813-869-3900

Judy Wajih

Acting Director

St. Joseph’s WIC Program

St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical

Center

708 Main Street

Paterson, NJ 7503

201-754-4585

Kathleen Kachur

WIC Coordinator

Test City Child Care Center

10 Washington Center

Bridgeton, NJ 8306

609-451-5600

Patricia Barnes

Director

Virgin Island WIC Program

State Department of Health

Charles Harwood Complex

3500 Estate Richmond

Christiansted, VI

809-773-9157

List of Agencies/Programs

Participating in Study

Janette Jones

Director

Southwest District Health Department

920 Main Street

Caldwell, ID 83605-3700

208-459-0036

Mary Lucero

WIC Director

WIC Program of San Felipe (ITO)

P.O. Box A

San Felipe, NM 87001

504-867-2466

Melissa Nikado

Leeward WIC Program

unknown

808-586-8070

Martha Crouse

Director

Community Action of Southwestern

Pennsylvania

315 East Hallan Avenue

Washington, PA 15301

412-225-9550

412-228-9966

Beverly Wilson

Director

Community Progress Council Inc. of

York Pennsylvania

20 West Market Street - 3rd Floor

York, PA 17401

717-847-4600

717-846-9892

Jenny Corley

Director

Hampton Health District

Hampton Community Service Center

1320 LaSalle Avenue

Hampton, VA 23669

804-727-4786
WIC-Head Start Coordination

82 Appendix B

Stanley Miller

Director

St. Louis Human Development

Corporation

929 North Spring Avenue

St. Louis, MS 63108

314-652-5100

Justina Hoffman-Tuff

Director

Telemon Corporation

514 North DuPont Highway

Cover, DE 19901

302-736-3281

Sandy Kirby

Laverty Lane Child Care Center

2 Lavery Lane

Bridgeville, DE 19933

302-629-7904 (Seaford)

302-337-3113 (Bridgeville)

Betty Atencio

WIC Director

Eight Northern Indian Pueblos Council

WIC Program

P.O. Box 969

San Juan Pueblo, NM 87566

505-455-3144

Kah Ach

Nutrition Specialist

City of Seattle HS/ECEAP Program

Alaska Building 4th Floor

618 2nd Avenue

Seattle, WA 98104-0274

206-386-1015

206-386-1138

Roberta Bishop

Director

Burleigh County WIC Program

2400 East Broadway

Bismarck, ND 58501

701-255-3397

Cathy Wamsley

Director

Unatilla/Morrow HS (colocated)

721 Southeast 3rd

Pendleton, OR 97801

541-278-0770

Jane Thompson

WIC Coordinator

Wasco/Sherman County Health

Department

400 East 5th

The Dalles, OR 97058

541-296-4636

541-296-4697

Steve Buckles

Director

Maricopa County WIC Program

Maricopa County Department of

Health and community Services

1414 West Broadway, Suite 237

Tempe, AZ 85282

602-966-3090 ext. 219

Morissa Miller

Director

Yavapai County WIC Program

Yavapai County Health Department

930 Division Street

Prescott, AZ 86301

520-771-3188

Anita Seneca

WIC Director

Seneca Nation WIC Program

1510 Route 438

Irving, NY 14081

716-532-0167

Jane Ann Martin

Nursing Supervisor

Arkansas Department of Health Area

Three

1708 West C Place

Russellville, AR 72801

501-968-3254

Barbara Yager

Director

Thomas Jefferson Health District

1138 Rose Hillo Drive

Charlottesville, VA 22906

804-972-6206

Arlene Murrell

Director

Health Head Start Travel Team

151 East Wood Street

Spartanburg, SC 29305

864-596-3377

Nancy Sura

Director

Koochiching-Itaska Action Council

413-13th Street, S.E.

P.O. Box 828

Grand Rapids, MN 55774

218-326-0344

Carol Messler

Director

Dakota County Public Health

Department

14955 Galazie Avenue

Apple Valley, MN 55123

612-891-7502

Providencia Hernandez

HS Nutrition Director

Caguas WIC Program

GPO Box 907

Caguas, PR

787-744-8833 ext. 1457

Rita Pacheco

WIC Director

Santo Domingo Tribe WIC Program

P.O. Box 238

Santo Domingo Pueblo, NM 87052

505-465-2214
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix B 83

Harriet Burnette

Director

Rosebud Sioux Tribe WIC Program

P.O. Box 99

Rosebud, SD 57570

605-747-2617

Irene Lawrence

Director

Standing Rock WIC Program

P.O. Box 437

Fort Yates, ND 58538

701-854-7263

Rhoda Deduld MS,RD

District Program Manager

District 4 HS/WIC Coordination Project

Chaves County Health Office

200 East Chisum

Roswell, NM 88201

505-624-6189

506-624-6170

Vera Dazen

Director

White Mountain Apache

P.O. Box 700

White River, AZ 85941

520-338-4232

Elizabeth Long

Director

San Carlos Apache Tribe

P.O. Box O

San Carlos, AZ 85550

520-475-2468

Kim Shawhart

WIC Program Director

Chocktaw Nation WIC Program

P.O. Box 1210

Durant, OK 74701-1210

405-924-8280 ext. 212

Sandra Miller

Director

Randolph Elkins WIC Program

220 Third Street

Wlkins, WV 26241

304-636-8100

Nancy Morris

Director

Shenandoah Community Health Center

P.O. Box 3236

Martinsburg, WV 25401

304-267-5477

Monica Stender

Director

Driscoll Children’s Hospital

400 East Main Street

Robstown, TX 78380

512-850-5000

512-387-3987

Louella Williams

Director

Fort worth City Health Department

1800 University Drive

Fort Worth, TX 76107

817-871-7215

817-871-7335

Coleen Fechser

Director

Davis County Health Department WIC

Program

360 South Fort Lane, Suite 110

Layton, UT 84041

801-546-6924

Kathleen Cardon

Director

Bear River District Health Department

WIC Program

655 East 1300 North

Logan, UT 84341

801-753-0532

Kim Vance

Director

Cass County WIC Program

1102 43rd Street S.W., Suite F

Fargo, ND 58103

701-277-1455

Cynthia Cook

WIC Director

Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe

P.O. Box 550

Eagle Butte, SD 57625

605-964-3947

Teresa Bryant

Eastern Band of Cherokee

P.O. Box 1145

Cherokee, NC 28719

704-497-7297

Linda L. Best, RN

Director

Deer Lodge County WIC Program

115 West Commercial Avenue

P.O. Box 970

Anaconda, MT 59711

406-563-7863

Doris Biersdorf RD

Director

Yellowstone County WIC Program

P.O. Box 35033

Billings, MT 59107

402-247-3370

Delphine Baker

Director

Three Affiliated Tribes Ft. Berthold

Reservation

(ITO)

HC-3 Box 2

New Town, ND 58763

701-627-4777

701-627-3625
WIC-Head Start Coordination

84 Appendix B

Ruch Balster

Director

Hawkeye Area Community Action

Program

1328 2nd Avenue, S.E.

Cedar Rapids, IA 52403

319-366-7632

319-366-8936

Jean Eichmeier

Director

Upper DesMoines Opportunity

101 Robbins Avenue

P.O. Box 519

Graettinger, LA 51342

712-859-3885

Karen Rubin

Director

Seminole Tribe of Florida

3006 Josie Billie Avenue

Hollywood, FL 33024

305-962-2009

Mattie Paddock

Director

Shoshone and Arapahoe WIC Program

P.O. Box 860

Fort Washakie, WY 82514

307-332-6733

Karen Goodnight

Head Start Director

Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma

P.O. Box 1548

Ada, OK 74820

405-436-2603 ext. 612

Mark Byron

Maine WIC Program Director

Maine WIC Program

151 Capitol Street

Augusta, ME

207-287-3991

207-287-3993

Emma Nuzzo

Coordinator

Economic Opportunity Board

2228 Constock Drive

Las Vegas, NV 88903

702-647-2900

Ellen Neudecker

Director

CEO of Rensselaer

2245 Old 6th Avenue

Troy, NY 12180

518-272-6159

518-272-0016

Helen Proud

Acting Director Division of Patient

Care Services

Suffolk County Department of Health

WIC Program

225 Rabro Drive East

Hauppauge, NY 11788

516-853-3013

516-853-3031

Mary Dominguez

WIC Director

Pueblo of Isleta

P.O. Box 670

Isleta, NM 87022-0340

505-869-4236

Darlene Dymza

Director

New Bedford WIC Program

874 Purchase Street

New Bedford, MA

508-997-1500

Collene Kenyon

Director

Fall River WIC Program

P.O. Box 5069

102 County Street

Fall River, MA

508-679-8111

Ellen Melsness

Community Health Nurse

Indian Health Service

General Delivery

Towaoc, CO 81334

970-565-3751 ext. 236

Pauline Simms

Director

ACL WIC Program of Laguna

ACL WIC Program

P.O. Box 310

New Laguna, NM 87038

505-552-6067

Patty Wooley

Director

Kennebec Valley Community Action

Program

P.O. Box 1529

101 Water Street

Waterville, ME 

207-873-2122

Catherine McConnell

Director

Costal Economic Development

39 Andrews Road

Bath, ME

207-442-7963

Kim Taylor

Director

Riley County Health Department

2030 Tecumseh Road

Manhattan, KS 66502

913-776-4779

Marsha Turek

Coordinator

Washoe County District Health

Department

P.O. Box 11130

Reno, NV 89520

702-328-2424
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix B 85

April Bitsuie

Nutritionist

For Defiance WIC Program

P.O. Box 558

Fort Defiance, AZ 86504

520-729-4011

Doris McGuire

Farmington Community Coordination

Project

unknown

Farmington, AZ

505-327-9951

Shana Rae Capes

Director

Sac and Fox Nation WIC Project

Route 2, Box 247

Stroud, OK 74079

918-968-9531

Melinda Newport

Director

Chickasaw Nation WIC Program

Address

Ada, OK

Anne Burtness

Director

The Tanana Chiefs’ Conference

Tanana Chiefs’ Conference Health

Service

122 First Avenue, Suite 600

Fairbanks, AK 99701-4897

907-452-3282

Anita Michalovskis

Director

Southeast Alaska Regional Health

Consortium

3245 Hospital Drive

Juneau, AK 99801

907-463-4097

Pamela Nichols

Director

Community Health Services

1 Neweel Drive

P.O. Box 97

Indian Township, ME 04668-0097

207-796-2321

Melinda Hanson

Director

St. Croix County WIC Project

Wisconsin

Not available, WI

715-246-8359

Ellen Sullivan

Director

LaClinica WIC Project

not available

WI

414-622-4208

Mary Balluss

Director

Douglas/Sarpy County WIC Program

Civic Center

1819 Farnam Street

Omaha, NE 68183

401-444-1770

402-444-6267

Joann S. Godoy

Director

Monterey County WIC Program

Monterey County Dept. Of Health

632 East Alisal Street

Salinas, CA 93905

408-755-4581

Barbara Howe

Director

Merced County Community Action

Agency

P.O. Box 2085

Merced, CA 95344-0085

209-383-4859

Al Boyer HS & Karen Moyer

WIC Director

Rockinham Community Action

7 Junkins Avenue

Portsmouth, NH

603-431-2911

Dora Hastings

Director

Southern NH Services

P.O. Box 5040

Manchester, NH

603-668-8010

Cathleen Romancito

Director

HS Health Screening

P.O. Box 449

Zuni, NM 87327

505-782-2929

Dennis Kopepassah

Director

Caddo Tribal Complex HS Program

Caddo Tribe

Anadarko, OK 73005

405-656-2344

Cathy Montgomery, MS RD/LD

Director

Oklahoma County Mobile Unit

Northwest Child Health & Guidance -

WIC 

4614 N. MacArthur, Suite 100

Oklahoma City, OK 73122

405-787-4801

Debi Tipton

WIC Nutrition Coordinator

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma

Drawer 1210

Durant, OK 74702

405-924-8280
WIC-Head Start Coordination

86 Appendix B

Barbara O’Neal

Director

Creek Nation HS

P.O. Box 580

Okmulgee, OK 74447

918-758-1420

Arti Shah

Agape House 

1815 James Couzens Street

Detroit, MI 48235

313-345-4779

Dianne Zatke

Pullman Health Services

5498 109th Avenue

P.O. Box 153

Pullman, MI 49450

616-236-5292

Irene Stagg

Healthy Start Program St. Landry Parish

Health Unit

308 West Bloch Street

P.O. Box 552

Opelousas, LA 70751-0052

318-948-0220

Ann Creaven

Vermont Department of Health

13 North Avenue

Newport, VT

802-334-6707

Robert Constatino/Lori Dotolo

Director/Nutritionist

Vermont Department of Health

Middlebury District

Vermont Department of Health

84 Exchange Street, Suite 101

Middlebury, VT

802-388-4644

Beth Sapolosky

WIC Coordinator/Nutritionist

Self Help Inc of East Providence

Rhode Island

Self Help Inc.

100 Bullocks Point Avenue

Riverside, RI

401-437-1007

Janice Newberry

WIC Dietician

Dougherty County WIC Program

1101 North Jackson Street

Albany, GA 31701

unknown

Head Start Program

Patti Smith

Director

Presbyterian Medical Service Head Start

P.O. Box 3239

Farmington, NM 87401

505-326-6434

Patricia Grovey

Director

Hobbs Head Start Child and Family

Services Inc.

950 Easy Snyder

Hobbs, NM 88240

505-397-7736

Gil Jackson

Director

Cherokee Tribal Day Care Services

Address

Cherokee, NC 28719

704-497-9008

Debbie Kruse

Director

Five Sandoval Indian Pueblo Head

Start Program

1043 Highway 313

Bernadillo, NM 87004

505-867-3351

Norma Johnson

Director

Sacramento Employment and Training

Agency

3750 Rosin Court Suite 100

Sacramento, CA 95834

916-263-3804
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix B 87

Alicia Rimirez

Director

Child Development Resources of

Ventura 

2500 Vineyard Avenue

Suite 200

Oxnard, CA 93030

805-485-7878

Lois Sexton

Director

Macon Program for Progress

64 West Orchild View Drive

Franklin, NC 28734

704-524-4473

Ann Crowell

Director

Alachua Board of Education

(Gainsville-Florida)

3600 Northeast 15th Street

Gainsville, FL 32609

904-955-6875

Deborah Linnette

Director

Community Action Inc.

P.O. Box 5247

Haverhilll, MA

508-372-5052

Larry Puccharelli

Director

New Visions for Newport

19 Broadway

Newport, RI 02840

401-846-5454

Linda Barker

Program Director

Council on Rural Services Program

116 East Third Street

Greenville, OH 45331

513-548-8002

Mindy Diltz

Director

Knox County Head Start

P.O. Box

Mt. Vermon, OH 43050

614-397-1344

Beth Sapolsky

WIC Coordinator and Nutritionist

Self Help Inc.

100 Bullocks Point Avenue

Riverside, RI 

401-437-1007

Ellen Naudecker

WIC Director

Renssalaer Community Action Program

unknown but located in the Albany

NY area

Albany, NY

518-272-6159

John Bancroft

Director

Puget Sound Educational Service

District

400 Southwest 152nd Street

Seattle, WA 98166

206-439-6922

Harla Tumbleson

Director

City of Seattle Human Resources

Department

618 Second Avenue

Seattle, WA 98104

206-684-0523

Mary Burn

Director

Council on Rural Service Programs Inc.

116 East Third Street

P.O. Box 459

Greenville, OH 45331-0459

513-548-8002

Mark Carlson

Director 

Northwest Community Action Inc.

P.O. Box 195

Badger, MN 56714

218-528-3227

Phil Akers

Health Coordinator

Council of Southern Mountains

P.O. Box 158

Wilcoe, WV 24895

304-448-2118

304-436-4200

Kathy Chmiel

Health Director

5-c Head Start

Gage Street

Bellows Falls, VT 

802-463-1402

Connie Zwick

Health Coordinator

Northeast Kingdom (NEKCA) Child

and Family Development Program

Box 630

Newport, VT

802-334-7316

Kim Young-Kent

Head Start Association President

Tri-County Head Start

P.O. Box 3338

Evansdale, IA 50707

319-235-0383

Lena Spears

The Omaha Tribal Head Start

Address

Macy, NE 68309

unknown
WIC-Head Start Coordination

88 Appendix B

Marian Holstein

Winnebago Tribal Head Start

Address

Winnebago, NE 68071

unknown

Frank Bushakra

Director

Eastern Oregon State College Head

Start

1410 L Avenue

LaGrande, OR 97850

503-962-3506

Cathy Wamsley

Director

Umatilla-Morrow County Head Start

721 Southwest Third Room 108

Pendleton, OR 97801

503-378-0770

Belinda Page

Director

Aroostock County Community Action

Program

P.O. Box 1116

Presque Isla, ME

207-764-3721

Peter Stuckey

Director

Peoples Regional Opportunity Program

510 Cumberland Avenue

Portland, ME

207-874-1140

Joanne Williams

Director

Child Development Inc. of Russellville

AR

P.O. box 2110

Russellville, AR 72801

501-968-6493

Blanche Russ-Glover

Director

City of San Antonio Parent Child Inc.

P.O. Box 830407

San Antonio, TX 78283

210-226-6232

Edward Young

Director

Metro Delta Head Start

2001 Park Avenue

Baltimore, MD 21217

410-539-5655

410-539-5657

Freddie Mitchell

Director

Shore-UP Inc.

P.O. Box 430

520 Snow Hill Road

Salisbury, MD 21803

410-749-1142

410-742-9191

Blanca Enriquez

Director

El Paso Head Start

Region 19 Education Service Center

Head Start Program

6611 Boeing

El Paso, TX 79925

915-774-4610

Nancy Spears

Director

Lee County Head Start/WIC Program

P.O. Drawer

Aubum, AL 36831

334-821-8336

Marie Augustine

Director

Salt Lake City Community Action Head

Start Program 

764 South 200th West

Salt Lake City, UT 84105

801-359-2444

Aubrey Nehring

Director

Audubon Area Head Start

P.O. Box 2004

Owensboro, KY 42304-0004

502-686-1653

502-686-1656

Peggy Grant

Director

Ohio Valley Education Cooperative

205 Parker Drive

LaGrange, KY 40031

502-222-4573

502-222-5912

Joanne Begley

Program Director

Panhandle Community Services

3350 North 10th Street

Gering, NB 69341

308-635-3089

308-635-0264

Sara Kuenzli

Director

Tanana Chief Head Start Program

122 First Avenue

Fairbanks, AK 99701

907-452-8251

Betty Hutchins

Director

Rutheford County Schools

219 Fairground Road

Spinidale, NC

704-248-2647

Diane Slabaugh

Nutrition Program Director

Collier County Public Health Unit-WIC

Health and Rehabilitative Services

3301 East Tamiami Trail

Naples, FL 33962
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix B 89

Patricia Barnes

Director

MS WIC Program

State Department of Health

Charles Harwood Complex

3500 Estate Richmond 

Christiansted, MS

Anne Harbert

Nutrition Director

Madison County Health Department 

745 West Forest

Jackson, TN 38301

Martha Crouse

Food and Nutrition Services Director

Community Action of Southwestern PA

315 East Hallan Avenue

Washington, PA 15301

Barbara Hartnett

Collier County Public Schools

Re-Kindergarten Programs

506 North 9th Street

Immokalee, FL 33934

Eudelia Cuevas

6-L Head Start Center

10299 6-L Farm Road

Naples, FL 33961

Mrs. Catherine Turrell

Director

The MS Head Start Program 

St. Croix

Christiansted, MS 00820

Eric DuPree

Northwest Tennessee Head Start

938 Walnut Avenue, West

Mckenzie, TN 38201

Doug Kovach

Director 

Community Action Southwest

20 West Marker Street

York, PA 17401

Kay Ach

Nutrition Specialist

City of Seattle Head Start/ ECEAP

Program

Alaska Building, 4th floor

618-2nd Avenue

Seattle, WA 98104-0274

Shirley Hutchinson

WIC Administrator

Seattle King County Department of

Public Health

11 Prefontaine Place, South, 3rd Floor

Seattle, WA 98104

Arlene Murrell

District Director of Nutrition

WIC Director

Appalachia III Health District

151 East Wood Street

P.O. Box 417

Spartanburg, SC 29304

Louella Williams

Director

Fort Worth WIC Program

1800 University Drive

Forth Worth, TX 76107

Kim Shawhart

WIC Program Director

Chocktaw Nation WIC Program

Start P.O. Box 1210

Durant, OK 74701-1210

Marian Hayes

Director

First AME Head Start Program

4400-37th Avenue, South

Seattle, WA 98118

Mary Ann Russell

Director of Head Start

Piedmont Community Action Program

704 Howard Street

Spartanburg, SC 29304

Ms. B.J. Syma

Project Director

Share Care CCDP

2807 Race Street

Fort Worth, TX 76111

Rebecca Clapp

Head Start Director

Chocktaw Nation of Oklahoma Head

Program

P.O. Box 1210

Durant, OK 74701-1210

Cheryl Sonnerberg

Administrator, Health Services

Economic Opportunity board

2228 Comstock Drive

Las Vegas, NV 89030

Sharla Kuyper

WIC Director

Upper Des Moines Opportunity, Inc.

101 Robbins Avenue

P.O. Box 519

Graettinger, IA 51342

Karen Goodnight 

Head Start Director 

Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma

P.O. Box 1548

Ada, OK 74820

Anne Burtness

WIC Coordinator

The Tanana Chiefs’ Conference

Tanana Chiefs’ Conference Health

Services

1222 First Avenue, Suite 600

Fairbanks, AK 99701-4897

Karen Moyer (WIC)

Al Boyer (HS)

Directors

Rockingham Community Action

7 Junkins Avenue

Portsmouth, NH 03801
WIC-Head Start Coordination

90 Appendix B

Jean Childs

Barbara Tillard

Administrator of Child and Family

Division

Head of Parent Child Program

Economic Opportunity Board

Head Start, Parent Child Program

2228 Comstock Drive

Las Vegas, NV 89030

Mary Jo Madeig

Director

Upper Des Moines Opportunity, Inc.

101 Robbins Avenue

PO Box 519

Graettinger, IA 51342

Melinda Newport

Director of WIC

Nutrition Services Dept. of the

Chicasaw Nation of Oklahoma

PO Box 1548

Ada, OK 74820

Russ Christensen

Director

Fairbanks Native Association Head

Start

201 First Avenue, Suite 200

Fairbanks, AK 99701

Dora Hastings

Director of Nutrition Services

Southern New Hampshire Services,

Inc.

PO Box 5040

Manchester, NH 03108

Cathy Montgomery

Coordinator

OK County Mobile Unite

State WIC Office

2520 Villa Prom Street, Shepherd Mail

Oklahoma City, OK 73107-2419

Irene Stagg

Nursing Supervisor

Healthy Start Program

St. Laundry Parish Health Unit

308 West Bloch Street

PO Box 552

Opelousas, LA 70571-0052

Pat Doherty-Wildner and Denise Kreb

Director of Health & Nutrition Services

and WIC Coordinator

Community and Economic

Development Association of Cook

County (CEDA)

224 North Des Plaines

Chicago, IL 60661

Deborah Jones

Director WIC Services

New Jersey State Department of Health

Division of Family Health Services

50 East State Street, CN 364

Trenton, NJ 08652-0364

Deborah Gosselin

Director, Head Start

Southern New Hampshire Services

Head Start Program

PO Box 5040

Manchester, NH 03108

Carolyn Shaw

Director

Community Action Agency of

Oklahoma City and Oklahoma and

Canadian County, Inc.

1900 Northwest Tenth Street

Oklahoma City, OK 73106

Barbara Pickney

Director

St. Landry Parish Head Start

PO Box 910

Opelousas, LA 70570

Sandra Van

Director

Community and Economic

Development Assoc. Of Cook

County-CEDA HS

224 North Des Plaines

Chicago, IL 60661

Cindy Wilkes

Nutrition Coordinator

Tri-County Head Start

240 North Pearl Street

Bridgeton, NJ 08302

Kay Jarrett

District Nutrition Coordinator

WIC Hobbs Health Department

1923 North Dal Paso, Suite B

Hobbs, NM 88240

Teresa Bryant

Director

Cherokee WIC Nutrition Program

PO Box 1145

Cherokee, NC 28719

David Simpson

Director

Macon County Health Department

5 West Main Street

Franklin, NC 28734

Ms. Gerry Reed

WIC Director

WIC Unit, Community Action, Inc.

PO Box 5247

Haverhill, MA 01835

Jean Young

Director

Dark County WIC Nutrition Program

5735 Meeder Road

Greenville, OH 45331
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix B 91

Tracey Yee

Director

Health/Nutrition Manager

Puget Sound Educational Service

District

400 Southwest 152nd Street

Seattle, WA 98166

Mary Lynn Hawkins

Health Coordinator

Child Development, Inc. of Russellville,

AR

PO Box 2110

Russellville, AR 72801

Marilyn Sanders

Director

East Bay Head Start/Self Help

Liberty Street School

Warren, RI 02885

Donna Johnson, R.N.

Director of WIC

Roseau Home Health Care

715 Delmore Drive

Roseau, MN 56751

Darlene Ahrens

District Director

St. Johnsbury WIC,

Department of Health

42 Eastern Avenue

St. Johnsbury, VT 05819

Jane Martin

Nursing Supervisor

AR Department of Health Area Three

1708 West C Place

Russellville, AR 72801

Cheryl Ekblad

Director

Minor Public Schools Head Start

Program

PO Box 2001

Minot, ND 58702

Charlene Mahnke

Director of Child Develop. Programs

Panhandle Community Services

3350-10th Street

Gering, NB 69341

Cheryl Walker

Head Start Program Director

Laramic County Head Start Program

1620 Central, Suite 300

Cheyenne, WY 82001

Mary Jo Waters

Director

Love for Children

PO Box 1616

Holland, MI 49422-1616

LaRae McDonald

WIC Director for Minot

First District Health Unit

801 11th Avenue Southwest

Minot, ND 58701

Betty Kenyon

WIC Coordinator

Panhandle Community Services

3350 Tenth Street

Gering, NB 69341

Mary Davis

Director of WIC

Same as above

Lena Harris

Laramie WIC Director

Laramie County WIC Program

Public Health Office

100 Central Avenue

Cheyenne, WY 82007

Christine Allgeier

Head Start Director

Tioga Opportunities Program, Inc.

PO Box 179

Owego, NY 13827

Peggy Johnson

Director of Health and Family Services

Mississippi Action for Progress, Inc.

1751 Marson Road

Jackson, MS 39209

Nancy Glasgow

WIC Director

Tioga Opportunities Program

PO Box 179

Owego, NY 13827

Lela Skelton,

District Nutrition Supervisor

MS State Department of Health

2600 Browning Road

Greenwood, MS 38930
WIC-Head Start Coordination

92 Appendix B 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix C 93

Key Contacts in 

FNS and Head Start

Appendix C
WIC-Head Start Coordination

94 Appendix C 

Food and Nutrition Service

Headquarters & Regional Contacts

Patricia Daniels

Director

Supplemental Food Programs Division

USDA/FNS

3101 Park Center Drive, Room 540

Alexandria, Virginia 22302

Telephone: (703) 305-2746

John Ghiorzi

Regional Director

Supplemental Food Programs

USDA/FNS/NERO

10 Causeway Street, Room 501

Boston, Massachusetts 02222-1066

Telephone: (617) 56 5-6372

Patricia A. Cumiskey-Czeto

Regional Director

Supplemental Food Programs

USDA/FNS/MARO

Mercer Corporate Park

300 Corporate Boulevard

Robbinsville, New Jersey 08691-1598

Telephone: (609) 259-5100

Sondra Ralph

Regional Director

Supplemental Food Programs

USDA/FNS/SWRO

1100 Commerce Street, Room 5-C-30

Dallas, Texas 75242

Telephone: (214) 290-9812

Ralph Anzur

Regional Director

Supplemental Food Programs

USDA/FNS/MPRO

1244 Speer Boulevard, Suite 903

Denver, Colorado 80204

Telephone: (303) 844-0331

Peggy Fouts

Regional Director

Supplemental Food Programs

USDA/FNS/SERO

61 Forsyth Street, SW, Room 8T36

Atlanta, Georgia 30303

Telephone: (404) 562-7100

Sandra Slayton

Regional Director

Supplemental Food Programs

USDA/FNS/MWRO

77 West Jackson Boulevard, 20th Floor

Chicago, Illinois 60604-3507

Telephone: (312) 886-6625

Carol Fahey

Regional Director

Supplemental Nutrition Programs

USDA/FNS/WRO

550 Kearny Street, Suite 400

San Francisco, California 94108-2518

Telephone: (415) 705-1313
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix C 95

Directory of 

WIC State Agencies

January 1999

NORTHEAST REGION STATE

WIC DIRECTORS

CONNECTICUT

Barbara Metcalf Walsh

State WIC Program Director

Department of Public Health

410 Capitol Avenue MS #11WIC

P.O. Box 340308

Hartford, CT 06134-0308

Telephone: (860)509-8084

FAX: (860)509-7855

e-mail: barbara.walsh@po.state.ct.us

MAINE

R. W. Bansmer, Jr.

Director, Maine WIC Program

Division of Maternal & Family Health

Department of Human Services

State House - Station 11

151 Capitol Street

Augusta, ME 04333

Telephone: (207)287-3991

FAX: (207)287-3993

e-mail: reinhold.bansmer@state.me.us

Pamela Nicholas (ITO)

WIC Program Director

Indian Township Health Center

One Newell Drive

P.O. Box 97

Indian Township, ME 04668-0097

Telephone: (207)796-2321

FAX: (207)796-2422

Michelle Francis (ITO)

WIC Program Director

Pleasant Point Health Center

P.O. Box 351/Back Road

Perry, ME 04667

Telephone: (207)853-0644

FAX: (207)853-2347

MASSACHUSETTS

Mary Kelligrew Kassler

Director, Massachusetts WIC Program

Massachusetts Department of Public

Health

250 Washington Street, 6th Floor

Boston, MA 02108-4619

Telephone: (617)624-6100

FAX: (617)624-6179

e-mail: mary.kassler@state.ma.us

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Robin Williamson McBrearty, MSW,

Chief

Bureau of WIC Nutrition Services 

Office of Community & Public Health

6 Hazen Drive

Concord, NH 03301-6527

Telephone: (603)271-4546

FAX: (603)271-4779

e-mail: rmcbrear@dhhs.state.nh.us

NEW YORK

Joan E. Doyle, WIC Director

Bureau of Supplemental Food

Programs

Division of Nutrition

New York State Department of Health

II University Place, Second Floor

Albany, NY 12203-3399

Telephone: (518)458-6835 Ext. 6100

FAX: (518)458-5508

e-mail: jedo4@health.state.ny.us

Anita Seneca (ITO)

WIC Program Coordinator

Seneca Nation

1510 Route 438

Irving, NY 14081

Telephone: (716)532-0167 Ext. 117

FAX: (716)532-0110
WIC-Head Start Coordination

MARYLAND

Joan H. Salim, Director

WIC Administration

Maryland Department of Health and 

Mental Hygiene

201 West Preston Street

P.O. Box 13528

Baltimore, MD 21203-3528

Telephone: (410)767-5233

FAX: (410)333-5243

e-mail: salimj@dhmh.state.md.us

NEW JERSEY

Deborah Jones, Director

New Jersey State WIC Program

Department of Health

CN 364

Trenton, NJ 08625-0364

Telephone: (609)292-9560

FAX: (609)292-3580 or 9288

e-mail: dj1@doh.state.nj.us

PENNSYLVANIA

Frank Maisano, Director

Pennsylvania Department of Health

Division of WIC

Health and Welfare Building, 

Room 604

P.O. Box 90

Harrisburg, PA 17108-0090

Telephone: (717)783-1289 

FAX: (717)705-0462

e-mail: Fmaisano@health.state.pa.us

PUERTO RICO

Fernando Valderrabano

Executive Director

WIC Program

Puerto Rico Department of Health

#1086 Munoz Rivera Avenue

Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5220

Telephone: (787)763-0316

FAX: (787)751-5229

VIRGINIA

Sheila Brewer, Acting Director

Division of Chronic Disease Prevention

and Nutrition

Department of Health

1500 East Main Street, Room 132

Richmond, VA 23218-2448

Telephone: (804)786-5420

FAX: (804)371-6162

VIRGIN ISLANDS

Patricia Barnes, RD Director

Virgin Islands WIC Program

Department of Health

Charles Harwood Complex

3500 Estate Richmond

Christiansted, VI 00821

Telephone: (340)773-9157 (St. Croix)

FAX: (340)773-6495

Telephone: (340)776-1770 (St. Thomas)

FAX: (340)774-5820

WEST VIRGINIA

Denise V. Ferris, R.D., Dr. P.H.

Director

West Virginia State WIC Program

1411 Virginia Street, East

Charleston, WV 25301

Telephone: (304)558-0030

FAX: (304)558-1541

e-mail: ferrid@wvnvm.wvnet.edu

SOUTHEAST REGION STATE

WIC DIRECTORS

ALABAMA

Wendy Blackmon, Director

Division of WIC

Bureau of Family Health Services

Alabama Department of Public Health

RSA Tower, Suite 1300

P.O. Box 303017

Montgomery, AL 36130-3017

Telephone: (334)206-5673

FAX: (334)206-2914

e-mail: wblackmon@adph.state.al.us

RHODE ISLAND

John L. Smith

Chief, WIC Program

Department of Health

Cannon Building

3 Capitol Hill, Room 303

Providence, RI 02908-5097

Telephone: (401)222-3940

FAX: (401)222-1442

e-mail: johns@doh.state.ri.us

VERMONT

Donna L. Bister

Director, Vermont WIC Program

Division of Community Public Health

Department of Health

P.O. Box 70

108 Cherry Street

Burlington, VT 05402-0070

Telephone: (802)863-7333

FAX: (802)863-7229

e-mail: dbister@vdh.state.vt.us

MID-ATLANTIC REGION

STATE WIC DIRECTOR

DELAWARE

Beth Wetherbee, Director

Delaware Health & Social Services

Division of Public Health

WIC Program

Blue Hen Corporate Center

655 Bay Road, Suite 4-B

Dover, DE 19901

Telephone: (302)739-4614 or 3671

FAX: (302)739-3970

e-mail: bwetherbee@state.de.us

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Geraldine Tompkins, Acting Manager

WIC State Agency

Department of Health

2100 Martin Luther King Avenue, SE,

Suite 409

Washington, DC 20020

Telephone: (202)645-5662

FAX: (202)645-0516

96 Appendix C
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix C 97

Beatrice Carson, Director (ITO)

WIC Program

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians

P.O. Box 6010

Philadelphia, MS 39350

Telephone: (601)650-1845

FAX: (601)650-1860

NORTH CAROLINA

Alice Lenihan, RD, MPH, LDN, Director

Nutrition Services Section

Division of Women’s and Children’s

Health

Department of Health and Human

Services

P.O. Box 10008

Raleigh, NC 27605-0008

Telephone: (919)733-2973

FAX: (919)733-1384

e-mail: Alice.Lenihan@ncmail.net

Teresa Bryant (ITO)

WIC Coordinator

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians

P.O. Box 1145

Cherokee, NC 28719

Telephone: (828)497-7297

FAX: (828)497-4470

SOUTH CAROLINA

Burnese Walker-Dix, WIC Director

Division of Preventive and Personal

Health

South Carolina Department of Health

and Environmental Control 

Mills/Jarrett Complex

P.O. Box 101106

1751 Calhoun Street

Columbia, SC 29201-2911

Telephone: (803)898-0743

FAX: (803)898-0383

e-mail:

walkerbw@columb63.dhec.state.sc.us

TENNESSEE

Brian Senecal, Director

Supplemental Food Programs

Nutrition Services Section

Tennessee Department of Health

Cordell Hull Building, 5th Floor

425 Fifth Avenue, North

Nashville, TN 37247-5310

Telephone: (615)741-7218

FAX: (615)532-7189

e-mail: bsenecal@mail.state.tn.us

MIDWEST REGION STATE WIC

DIRECTORS

ILLINOIS

Michael R. Larson, M.S., Chief

Bureau of Community Health &

Prevention

Illinois Department of Human Services

535 West Jefferson Street

Springfield, IL 62761

Telephone: (217)782-2166

FAX: (217)785-5247

e-mail: mlarson@idph.state.il.us

INDIANA

Wendy Gettelfinger, R.N., M.S.N., J.D.

Director

CSHCS, MCH, WIC

Indiana State Department of Health

2 North Meridian Street, Suite 700

Indianapolis, IN 46204

Telephone: (317)233-5578

FAX: (317)233-5609

e-mail: wgetterf@isdh.state.in.us

FLORIDA

Deborah Eibeck, MS, RD, LD, Chief

Bureau of WIC and Nutrition Services

Florida Department of Health

2020 Capital Circle, S.E, Bin #A16

Tallahassee, FL 32399-1726

Telephone: (850)488-8985

FAX: (850)922-3936

e-mail: Debbie_Eibeck@doh.state.fl.us

GEORGIA

Alwin Peterson, WIC Director

State WIC Office

Division of Public Health

Georgia Department of Human

Resources

Two Peachtree Street, NW,

8th Floor, Suite 300

Atlanta, GA 30303

Telephone: (404)657-2900

FAX: (404)657-2910

e-mail: ALP0600@ph.dhr.state.ga.us

KENTUCKY

Fran Hawkins, MS, RD, LD, Director

Nutrition Services Branch

Division of Maternal and Child Health

Kentucky Department of Public Health

Cabinet for Health Services

275 East Main Street

Frankfort, KY 40621

Telephone: (502)564-3827

FAX: (502)564-8389

e-mail: Fran.Hawkins@mail.state.ky.us

MISSISSIPPI

Curtis Jordan, Director

WIC Program, Bureau of Health

Services

State Department of Health

3000 Old Canton Road, Suite 300

Jackson, MS 39216

Telephone: (601)987-6730

FAX: (601)987-6740

e-mail: cjordan@msdh.state.ms.us
WIC-Head Start Coordination

98 Appendix C

SOUTHWEST REGION STATE

WIC DIRECTORS

ARKANSAS

Mac Heird, WIC Director

Arkansas Department of Health

Slot 43

4815 West Markham Street

Little Rock, AR 72205-3867

Telephone: (501)661-2473

FAX: (501)661-2004

e-mail: mheird@mail.doh.state.ar.us

LOUISIANA

Pamela P. McCandless, M.P.H., Chief

Louisiana Department of Health and

Hospitals

Nutrition Services

P.O. Box 60630

New Orleans, LA 70160

Telephone: (504)568-5065

FAX: (504)568-3065

e-mail:

pmccandl@dhhmail.dhh.state.la.us

NEW MEXICO

Jane Peacock, Section Chief

New Mexico Department of Health

Family, Food and Nutrition

525 Camino de los Marquez, Suite 6

Santa Fe, NM 87501

Telephone: (505)476-8522

FAX: (505)476-8512

e-mail: janep@doh.state.nm.us

LaRue Medina, WIC Director (ITO)

ACL WIC Program

P.O. Box 310

New Laguna, NM 87038

Telephone: (505)552-6067

FAX: (505)552-6306

e-mail: aclwic@aol.com

MICHIGAN

Alethia Carr, Acting Director

WIC Division

Bureau of Child & Family Services

Michigan Department of Community

Health

2150 Apollo Drive

P.O. Box 30195

Lansing, MI 48909

Telephone: (517)335-8951

FAX: (517)335-8835

e-mail: harmon@state.mi.us

MINNESOTA

Betsy Clarke

Minnesota Department of Health

85 East Seventh Place

P.O. Box 64882 - 55164-0882

Minneapolis, MN 55101

Telephone: (651)215-8957

FAX: (651)215-8951

e-mail: clarbl@mdnmom.health.state.mn.us

OHIO

Larry R. Prohs, Chief

Bureau of Nutrition Services

Ohio Department of Health

246 North High Street

P.O. Box 118

Columbus, OH 43266-0118

Telephone: (614)644-8006

FAX: (614)728-2881

e-mail: lprohs@gw.odh.state.oh.us

WISCONSIN

Patti H. Herrick, Director

Wisconsin WIC Program

Wisconsin Department of Health

and Family Services

1414 East Washington Avenue, 

Room 167

Madison, WI 53703

Telephone: (608)266-3821

FAX: (608)266-3125

e-mail: herriph@dhfs.state.wi.us

Betty Atencio, WIC Director (ITO)

Eight Northern Indian Pueblos Council

P.O. Box 969

San Juan Pueblo, NM 87566

Telephone: (505)455-3144

FAX: (505)455-3055

e-mail: enipcwic@newmexico.com

Virginia Chama, WIC Director (ITO)

Five Sandoval Indian Pueblos, Inc.

1043 Highway 313

Bernalillo, NM 87004

Telephone: (505)867-3351

FAX: (505)867-3514

Mary Dominguez, WIC Director (ITO)

Pueblo of Isleta

P.O. Box 670

Isleta, NM 87022-0340

Telephone: (505)869-2662

FAX: (505)869-8309

e-mail: islwic@nm.net

Mary Lucero, WIC Director (ITO)

Pueblo of San Felipe

P. O. Box A

San Felipe, NM 87001

Telephone: (505)867-2466

FAX: (505)867-3383

Rita Pacheco, WIC Director (ITO)

Santo Domingo Tribe

P.O. Box 370

Santo Domingo Pueblo, NM 87052

Telephone: (505)465-1321

FAX: (505)465-2688 

Ruby Wolf, WIC Director (ITO)

Pueblo of Zuni

P.O. Box 339

Zuni, NM 87327

Telephone: (505)782-2929

FAX: (505)782-4498

e-mail: rubywolf@nm.net
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix C 99

Shirlye Bass, WIC Director (ITO)

Inter-Tribal Council, Inc.

P.O. Box 1308

Miami, OK 74355

Telephone: (918)542-4486

FAX: (918)540-2500

e-mail: shirlyeb@2dogs.net

Joy Flud, WIC Director (ITO)

Muscogee Creek Nation

1801 East 4th

P.O. Box 2158 

Okmulgee, OK 74447-3901

Telephone: (918)758-2722

FAX: (918)758-4949

e-mail: joy.flud@mail.ihs.gov

Cindy Willard, WIC Director (ITO)

Osage Tribal Council

1301 Grandview

Pawhuska, OK 74056

Telephone: (918)287-1015

FAX: (918)287-1050

Henrietta Pratt, WIC Director (ITO)

Otoe-Missouria Tribe

8151 Highway 177

Red Rock, OK 74651-0348

Telephone: (580)723-4411 or 12

FAX: (580)723-4273

Leslie Rimer, WIC Director (ITO)

Sac and Fox Nation

Route 2, Box 247

Stroud, OK 74079

Telephone: (918)968-9531

FAX: (918)968-4453

e-mail: knullake@yahoo.com

Carol Jared, WIC Director (ITO)

WCD Enterprises, Inc.

P.O. Box 247

Anadarko, OK 73005

Telephone: (405)247-2533

FAX: (405)247-5277 

e-mail: wcdwic.@tanet.net

OKLAHOMA

Tom Freeman, State Director

Oklahoma State Department of Health

WIC Services 

2520 Villa Prom Street

Oklahoma City, OK 73107-2419

Telephone: (405)271-4676

FAX: (405)271-5763

e-mail: tomf@health.st.ok.us

Brenda Carter, WIC Director (ITO)

Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma

P.O. Box 948

Tahlequah, OK 74465

Telephone: (918)456-0671 ext. 2291

FAX: (918)458-7672

e-mail: brenda.carter@mail.ihs.gov

Melinda Newport, WIC Director (ITO)

The Chickasaw Nation

P.O. Box 1548

Ada, OK 74820-1548

Telephone: (580)436-2603

FAX: (580)436-7225

e-mail: chickwic@chickasaw.com

Kim Shawhart, WIC Director (ITO)

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma

P.O. Drawer 1210

Durant, OK 74702-1210

Telephone: (580)924-8280 ext. 2201

FAX: (580)924-4831

e-mail: kimw@redriverok.com

Shelley Schneider, WIC Director (ITO)

Citizen Potawatomi Nation

1601 South Gordon Cooper Drive

Shawnee, OK 74801

Telephone: (405)273-3216

FAX: (405)878-4852

e-mail: sschneider@potawatomi.org

TEXAS

Mike Montgomery, Chief

Texas Department of Health

Bureau of Nutrition Services

1100 West 49th Street

Austin, TX 78756-3199

Telephone: (512)458-7444

FAX: (512)458-7446

e-mail:

mike.montgomery@tdh.state.tx.us

MOUNTAIN PLAINS REGION

STATE WIC DIRECTORS

COLORADO

William Eden, Director

Nutrition Services

Colorado Department of Health

FCHSD-NS-A4

4300 Cherry Creek Drive, South

Denver, CO 80222-1530

Telephone: (303)692-2400

FAX: (303)756-9926

e-mail: William.Eden@state.co.us

Laura Brown, WIC Director (ITO)

Ute Mountain Ute Tribe

P.O. Box 11

Towaoc, CO 81334

Telephone: (970)565-3751 ext. 652

FAX: (970)565-5648

IOWA

Judy Solberg, Chief

Bureau of Nutrition and WIC

Iowa Department of Public Health

Lucas State Office Building

Des Moines, IA 50319-0075

Telephone: (515)281-3713

FAX: (515)281-4913

e-mail: jsolberg@idph.state.ia.us
WIC-Head Start Coordination

100 Appendix C

NEBRASKA

Peggy Trouba, R.D., M.P.H.

State WIC Director

Nebraska HHS Services

Preventive Health & Public Wellness

P.O. Box 95044

301 Centennial Mall South

Lincoln, NE 68509-5044

Telephone: (402)471-2781

FAX: (402)471-7049

e-mail: peggy.trouba@hhss.state.ne.us

Darwin Snyder, WIC Director (ITO)

Winnebago WIC Program

Box 666

Winnebago, NE 68071

Telephone: (402)878-2499

FAX: (402)878-2544

Carmene Tyndall, WIC Director (ITO)

Omaha/Santee Sioux WIC Program

303 Main Street, P.O. Box 289

Walthill, NE 68067

Telephone: (402)846-5175

FAX: (402)846-5767

NORTH DAKOTA

Colleen Pearce, WIC Director

Maternal and Child Health

North Dakota State Department of

Health

600 E. Boulevard

Bismarck, ND 58505-0200

Telephone: (701)328-2493

FAX: (701)328-1412

e-mail: cpearce@state.nd.us

Irene Lawrence, WIC Director (ITO)

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe

P.O. Box D

Fort Yates, ND 58538-0437

Telephone: (701)854-7263 

FAX: (701)854-7122

KANSAS

Dave Thomason, WIC Administrator

Nutrition and WIC Services

Kansas Department of Health and

Environment

Bureau of Family Health - WIC

Division

Landon State Office Building, 10th

Floor

Topeka, KS 66612-1220

Telephone: (785)296-1324

FAX: (785)296-1326

e-mail: dthomaso@kdhe.state.ks.us

MISSOURI

Annie Siu-Norman, WIC Chief

Missouri Department of Health

930 Wildwood

P.O. Box 570

Jefferson City, MO 65102-0570

Telephone: (573)751-6204

FAX; (573)526-1470

siunoa@mail.health.state.mo.us

MONTANA

Terry Krantz, M.S., M.P.H.

Human Services Manager

Department of Public Health and

Human Services

Cogswell Building

(1400 Broadway Avenue - UPS

Delivery Only)

Helena, MT 59620

Telephone: (406)444-5533

FAX: (406)444-0239

e-mail: tkrantz@state.mt.us

Delphine Baker, WIC Director (ITO)

Three Affiliated Tribes

Fort Berthold Reservation

HC-3, Box 2

New Town, ND 58763

Telephone: (701)627-4777

FAX: (701)627-3805

SOUTH DAKOTA

Annis Stuart

Nutrition Services Program Director

Division of Health Services

South Dakota Department of Health

615 East 4th Capitol

Pierre, SD 57501-5070

Telephone: (605)773-3737

FAX: (605)773-5509

e-mail: annis.stuart@state.sd.us

Cynthia Cook, WIC Director (ITO)

Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe

P.O. Box 590

Eagle Butte, SD 57625-0590

Telephone: (605)964-3947

FAX: (605)964-3949

Bernice Grace, WIC Director (ITO)

Rosebud Sioux Tribe

P.O. Box 99

Rosebud, SD 57570-0099

Telephone: (605)747-2617

FAX: (605)747-2612

e-mail: rbwicrb@wtc.net

UTAH

Don Johnson, WIC Program Manager

Division of Family Health Services

Utah State Department of Health

288 North 1460 West

P.O. Box 144470

Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4470

Telephone: (801)538-6960

FAX: (801)538-6729

e-mail: djohnson@doh.state.ut.us
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix C 101

ARIZONA

Alice Shoemaker, MS, RD, WIC

Program Director

Nutrition Assistance Program Section

Office of Nutrition Services

Department of Health Services

State Health Building

1740 West Adams Street, Room 203

Phoenix, AZ 85007

Telephone: (602)542-1886

FAX: (602)542-1890 or 1804

e-mail: ashoema@hs.state.az.us

Karen Sell, RD, WIC Administrator

(ITO)

Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.

2214 N. Central Avenue, Suite 200

Phoenix, AZ 85004

Telephone: (602)258-4822

FAX: (602)258-4825

e-mail: karen.sell@itcaonline.com

Adele R. King, Director (ITO)

Navajo Nation WIC Program

Navajo Division of Health

P.O. Box 1390

Window Rock, AZ 86515

Telephone: (520)871-6698

FAX: (520)871-6255 or 6251

e-mail: aking@nndoh.ihs.gov

CALIFORNIA

Phyllis A. Bramson-Paul, Branch Chief

WIC Supplemental Nutrition Branch

Department of Health Services

3901 Lennane Drive

Sacramento, CA 95834

Telephone: (916)928-8806

FAX: (916)928-0706

e-mail: pbramson@dhs.ca.gov

WYOMING

Janet Moran, WIC Program Manager

Division of Public Health

Department of Health

456 Hathaway Building

Cheyenne, WY 82002-0050

Telephone: (307)777-7494

FAX: (307)777-5643

e-mail: jmoran@missc.state.wy.us

Mattie I. Paddock, R.D. (ITO)

WIC Coordinator/Nutritionist

Shoshone and Arapahoe WIC Program

P.O. Box 999

Fort Washakie, WY 82514

Telephone: (307)332-6733

FAX: (307)332-4196

WESTERN REGION STATE WIC

DIRECTORS

ALASKA

Nancy Rody, MPH, DrPH, RD, WIC

Director

Maternal, Child, and Family Health

Division of Public Health

Nutrition Services - WIC

P.O. Box 110612

Juneau, AK 99811-0612

Telephone: (907)465-3100

FAX: (907)465-3416

e-mail: nancyr@health.state.ak.us

AMERICAN SAMOA

Marie Ma’o, Director

Department of Human and Social

Services

American Samoa Government

P. O. Box 997534

Pago Pago, AS 96799

Telephone: 011-(684)633-2609

FAX: 011-(684)633-2095 or 7449

e-mail: marie@samoatelco.com

GUAM

Charles H. Morris, MPH, RD, WIC

Director

Guam WIC Program

Department of Public Health & Social

Services

Government of Guam

P.O. Box 2816

Hagatna, GU 96932

Telephone: (671)475-0287

FAX: (671)477-7945

e-mail: cmorris@ns.gov.gu

HAWAII

Fay Nakamoto, Chief

WIC Services Branch

Department of Health

235 South Beretania Street, Suite 701

Honolulu, HI 96813

Telephone: (808)586-8175

FAX: (808)586-8189

e-mail:

fnnakamo@mail.health.state.hi.us

IDAHO

Kathy Cohen, MS, RD, L.D. State WIC

Manager 

Division of Health (6230-94)

Department of Health and Welfare

P.O. Box 83720

Boise, ID 83720-0036

Telephone: (208)334-5951

FAX: (208)332-7362

e-mail: cohenk@idhw.state.id.us

NEVADA

Dennis White, Manager

Nevada WIC Program

Health Division

505 East King Street, Room 204

Carson City, NV 89701-4799

Telephone: (775)684-5942

FAX: (775)684-4246

e-mail: dnwhite@govmail.state.nv.us
WIC-Head Start Coordination

102 Appendix C 

Jody K. Holt, WIC Director (ITO)

Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada

680 Greenbrae Drive, Suite 265

Sparks, NV 89431

Telephone: (775)355-0600

FAX: (775)355-0648

e-mail: wic@itcn.org

OREGON

Claudia Bingham, Acting Program

Manager

Oregon WIC Program

Oregon Health Division, Suite 865

800 Northeast Oregon Street

Portland, OR 97232

Telephone: (503)731-4022 

FAX: (503)731-3477

e-mail: claudia.w.bingham@state.or.us

WASHINGTON

Kim Wallace, WIC Director

WIC Program

Office of Community Wellness and

Prevention

P.O. Box 47886

Olympia, WA 98504-7886

Telephone: (360)236-3688

FAX: (360)586-3890

e-mail: kmwl303@doh.wa.gov

This Directory of State Directors for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Programs

for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) is available from:

Supplemental Food Programs Division

Food and Nutrition Service

Department of Agriculture

3101 Park Center Drive

Alexandria, VA 22302

Telephone: (703)305-2746

FAX: (703)305-2196

e-mail: wichq-sfpd@fns.usda.gov

*(ITO) - Indian Tribal Offices

Updated 6/28/99
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix C 103

Head Start-State

Collaboration Offices

— Project Directors –

(As of 6/21/99)

Alabama (Wave III)

Linda Hampton

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Alabama Department of Education

50 North Ripley Street

5348 Gordon Persons Building

Montgomery, AL 36104-3833

(334) 242-8294 

(334) 242-0496 Fax

lhampton@sdenet.alsde.edu 

Website: www.alsde.edu

Alaska (Wave II)

Marilyn Webb

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Department of Community and

Regional Affairs

State of Alaska

P.O. Box 112100

Juneau, AK 99811-2100

(907) 465-4861 

(907) 465-8638 Fax

mwebb@eed.state.ak.us 

Arizona (Wave III)

Bruce Astrein

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Governor’s Division for Children

1700 West Washington, Suite 101-B

Phoenix, AZ 85007

(602) 542-3483

(602) 542-4644 Fax

bastrein@azgov.state.az.us 

Website: www.state.az.us/gv/children

Arkansas (Wave III)

Tonya Russell

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Arkansas Head Start Association

523 South Louisiana, Suite 301

Little Rock, AR 72201

(501) 371-0740

(501) 370-9109 Fax

headstart@aristotle.net 

California (Wave II)

Michael Silver

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

California Department of Education

Child Development Division

560 J Street, Suite 220

Sacramento, CA 95814

(916) 324-8296

(916) 323-6853 Fax

msilver@cde.ca.gov 

Colorado (Wave II)

Lynn Johnson 

Colorado Head Start-State

Collaboration Office

124 State Capitol Building

Denver, CO 80203

(303) 866-4609

(303) 866-6368 Fax

lynn.johnson@state.co.us 

Connecticut (Wave III)

Grace Whitney

Connecticut Head Start-State

Collaboration Office

Department of Social Services

25 Sigourney Street

Hartford, CT 06106

(860) 424-5066

(860) 951-2996

grace.whitney@po.state.ct.us

Delaware (Wave III)

Betty B. Richardson

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

State of Delaware Department of

Education

Improvement and Assistance Branch

Townsend Building, P.O. Box 1402

Dover, DE 19903

(302) 739-4667 ext. 3131 

(302) 739-2388 Fax

brichardson@state.de.us 

Website: www.dart.dps.state.de.us 
WIC-Head Start Coordination

104 Appendix C

Idaho (Wave III)

Katherine Pavesic

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Idaho Head Start Association, Inc.

200 North 4th Street, Suite 20

Boise, ID 83702

(208) 345-1182 

(208) 345-1163 Fax

pavesic@rmci.net 

Illinois (Wave III)

Gina Ruther

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Illinois Department of Human Services

10 Collinsville Avenue, Room 203

East St. Louis, IL 62201

(618) 583-2083

(618) 583-2091 Fax

dhsd60A2@dhs.state.il.us

ginarevo@aol.com 

Indiana (Wave III)

Donna Hogle

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

402 West Washington Street, Room

W461

Indianapolis, IN 46204

(317) 233-6837 

(317) 233-4693 Fax

dhogle@fssa.state.in.us 

Website: http://www.ai-org/fssa

Iowa (Wave II)

Anita Varme

Iowa Department of Education

Bureau of Children, Families, and 

Community Services

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Grimes State Office Building

Des Moines, IA 50319-0146

(515) 242-6024 

(515) 242-6025 Fax

anita.varme@ed.state.ia.us 

District of Columbia (Wave III)

Beverly Roberson Jackson

D.C. Head Start-State Collaborative

Office

717 Fourteenth Street, NW, Suite 730

Washington, DC 20005

(202) 727-1839 

(202) 727-9709 Fax

brjackson1@juno.com 

Florida (Wave III)

Katherine Kamiya 

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Florida’s Collaboration for Young

Children 

and Their Families

1310 Cross Creek Circle, Suite A

Tallahassee, FL 32301

(850) 487-0037

(850) 487-0045 Fax

kkamiya@com1.med.usf.edu 

Georgia (Wave II)

Robert Lawrence

Georgia Head Start-State Collaboration

Office

Georgia Office of School Readiness

10 Park Place South, Suite 200

Atlanta, GA 30303

(404) 656-5957 

(404) 651-7184 Fax

lert@mail.osr.state.ga.us

Hawaii (Wave III)

Laverne Moore

Hawaii Department of Education

Community Education Section

Hawaii Head Start-State Collaboration

Office

634 Pensacola Street, Rm. 99-A

Honolulu, HI 96819

(808) 594-0182 

(808) 594-0181 Fax

lavernemoore@excite.com

Kansas (Wave III)

Verna Weber (Acting)

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Kansas Department of Social and

Rehabilitation Services

Docking State Office Building

915 Southwest Harrison, Room 681

West

Topeka, KS 66612

(785) 296-3349 

(785) 296-0146 Fax

vsw@srskansas.org

Website: www.ink.org/public/srs/

Kentucky (Wave I)

Kurt Walker

Kentucky Head Start-State

Collaboration Office

1715 Capital Plaza Tower

500 Mero Street

Frankfort, KY 40601

(502) 564-3010 

(502) 564-6952 Fax

Fax/Data: (502) 564-2689

kwalker@kih.net

Website: www.kih.net/kycollaboration

Louisiana (Wave III)

Shirley G. Williams

LA/DSS/OFS/Head Start-State

Collaboration Office

412 Fourth Street, Suite 101

Baton Rouge, LA 70802

(225) 219-4245 

(225) 219-4248 Fax

swillia@dss.state.la.us

Maine (Wave I)

Dianne Stetson

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Office of Child Care and Head Start

Department of Human Services

State House Station 11

Augusta, ME 04333-0011

(207) 287-5060 

(207) 287-5031 Fax

dianne.stetson@state.me.us
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix C 105

Mississippi (Wave III)

Project Director

Mississippi Head Start-State

Collaboration Office

Office for Children and Youth

Mississippi Department of Human

Services

750 North State Street

Jackson, MS 39202

(601) 359-4553

(601) 359-4422 Fax

Missouri (Wave III)

Chris Groccia

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

University of Missouri 

31 Stanley Hall

Columbia, MO 65211-6280

(573) 884-0579

(573) 884-0598 Fax

grocciac@missouri.edu

Montana (Wave III)

Mary Jane Standaert 

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

P.O. Box 202952

Helena, MT 59620-2952

(406) 444-0589

(406) 444-2547 Fax

mstandaert@state.mt.us

Nebraska (Wave I)

Eleanor Shirley-Kirkland

Nebraska Head Start-State

Collaboration Office

Nebraska Department of Education

Office of Children and Families

301 Centennial Mall South

P.O. Box 94987

Lincoln, NE 68509-4987

(402) 471-3501

(402) 471-0117 Fax

kirkland@edneb.org

Website:

http://nde4.nde.state.ne.us/ECH/ECH

.html

Maryland (Wave II)

Brenda Coakley Rouse

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Governor’s Office for Children, Youth

and Families

301 West Preston Street, 15th Floor

Baltimore, MD 21212

(410) 767-4196 

(410) 333-5248 Fax

Brenda@mail.ocyf.state.md.us

Massachusetts (Wave III)

Dee Bertozzi

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Executive Office of Health and Human

Services

One Ashburton Place, #1109

Boston, MA 02108

(617) 727-7600

(617) 727-1396 Fax

DBertozzi@state.ma.us

Website: Magnet.State.MA.US/EOHHS/

Michigan (Wave III)

Sandy Little

Michigan Family Independence Agency

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

235 South Grand Avenue, Suite 1302

P.O. Box 30037

Lansing, MI 48909

(517) 335-3610 

(517) 241-9033 Fax

littles@state.mi.us

Minnesota (Wave II)

Francie Mathes

Minnesota Department of Children,

Families

and Learning

Minnesota Head Start-State

Collaboration Office

1500 Hwy 36 West

Roseville, MN 55113

(651) 582-8405

(651) 582-8491 Fax

Francie.Mathes@state.mn.us

Website: www.des.state.mn.us

Nevada (Wave III)

Kellie Smith Bates 

Nevada Head Start-State Collaboration

Office

Early Intervention Services/State of

Nevada-DHS

3987 South McCarran Boulevard

Reno, NV 89502

(775) 688-2284

(775) 688-2558 Fax

kbates@govmail.state.nv.us

New Hampshire (Wave III)

Ann B. Ringling

New Hampshire Department of Health

and 

Human Services

NH Head Start-State Collaboration

Office

Child Development Bureau

129 Pleasant Street

Concord, NH 03301-6505

(603) 271-4454

(603) 271-7982 Fax

aringlin@dhhs.state.nh.us

New Jersey (Wave I)

Teresa Buccarelli

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

DHS Office of Early Care and

Education

P.O. Box 700

Trenton, NJ 08625-0700

(609) 984-5321

(609) 292-1903 Fax

Tbuccarel@dhs.state.nj.us

New Mexico (Wave II)

Barbara A. Loveless

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Department of Children, Youth and

Families

P.O. Drawer 5160, Room 111

Sante Fe, NM 87502-5160

(505) 827-9952

(505) 827-7361 Fax
WIC-Head Start Coordination

106 Appendix C 

New York (Wave I)

Judith Sikora

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

New York State Council on Children &

Families

5 Empire State Plaza, Suite 2810

Albany, NY 12223-1553

(518) 474-6294

(518) 473-2570 Fax

judys@capital.net

North Carolina (Wave II)

Ronald Moore

North Carolina Head Start-State

Collaboration Office

Division of Child Development

P.O. Box 29553, 319 Chapanoke Road

Raleigh, NC 27626-0553

(919) 662-4543

(919) 662-4568 Fax

Ronald.Moore@ncmail.net

North Dakota (Wave III)

Jody Netzer

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

North Dakota Department of Human

Services 

600 East Boulevard Avenue

Bismarck, ND 58505

(701) 328-1711

(701) 328-3538 Fax

sonetj@state.nd.us

Ohio (Wave I)

Terrie Hare

Project Director

OFCF-Head Start Ohio Collaboration

Office

Office of the Governor

77 South High Street, 30th Floor

Columbus, OH 43266-0601

(614) 728-9435

(614) 728-9441 Fax

haret@odhs.state.oh.us

Barbara Haxton

Co-Director, OSCO, and

Executive Director, Ohio Head Start

Association

505 Windsor Park Drive

Dayton, OH 45459

(937) 435-1113

(937) 435-5411 Fax

haxton@erinet.com

Oklahoma (Wave III)

Leslie A. Porter

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

OACAA

2915 Classen Blvd., Suite 215

Oklahoma City, OK 73106

(405) 524-4124

(405) 524-0863 Fax

Lporter530@aol.com

Oregon (Wave I)

Dell Ford

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Oregon Department of Education

Public Service Building

255 Capitol Street, NE

Salem, OR 97310-0203

(503) 378-5585 x662 

(503) 373-7968 Fax

dell.ford@state.or.us

Pennsylvania (Wave I)

Sharon L. Brumbaugh

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Center for Schools and Communities

1300 Market Street, Suite 12

Lemoyne, PA 17043

(717) 763-1661

(717) 763-2083 Fax

sbrumbau@csiu-pa.us

Puerto Rico (Wave III)

Mary Josephine Doran Gelabert

Puerto Rico Head Start-State

Collaboration 

Office

Governor’s Office

La Fortaleza

P.O. Box 902-0082

San Juan, PR 00902-0082

(787) 721-7000 Ext. 2614 or 2615

(787) 721-5336 Fax

Rhode Island (Wave III)

Larry Pucciarelli

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Department of Human Services

Louis Pasteur Building

#57 Howard Avenue

Cranston, RI 02920

(401) 462-3071

(401) 462-1846 Fax

lpucciar@gw.dhs.state.ri.us

South Carolina (Wave I)

Mary Lynne Diggs

South Carolina Head Start-State

Collaboration Office

South Carolina Department of Health

and Human Services

1801 Main Street, 10th Floor

Columbia, SC 29201

(803) 898-2861

(803) 253-4513 Fax

Diggs@DHHS.STATE.sc.us
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix C 107

Utah (Wave III)

Janna Forsgren

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Child, Adolescent & School Health

Programs (CASH) 

Utah Department of Health

P.O. Box 142001

Salt Lake City, UT 84114-2001

(801) 538-9312

(801) 538-9409 Fax

jforsgre@doh.state.ut.us

Vermont (Wave II)

K.C. Whiteley

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Agency of Human Services

103 South Main Street

Waterbury, VT 05671-0204

(802) 241-2705

(802) 241-2979 Fax

kcw@wpgate1.ahs.state.vt.us

Virginia (Wave I)

Francine Bryce 

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Child Day Care Programs

Department of Social Services 

730 East Broad Street, 2nd Floor

Richmond, VA 23219-1849

(804) 692-0935

(804) 786-9610 Fax

Fgb2@email1.dss.state.va.us

Washington (Wave III)

Terry Liddell

Governor’s Head Start-State

Collaboration Project

P.O. Box 45015

Olympia, WA 98504-5015

(360) 407-0806

(360) 407-0808 Fax

liddetn@dshs.wa.gov

South Dakota (Wave I)

Betsy Pollock

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

South Dakota Department of Education

and Cultural Affairs (DECA)

700 Governors Drive

Pierre, SD 57501-2291

(605) 773-4640

(605) 773-6846 Fax

betsy.pollock@state.sd.us

Website: http://www.state.sd.us 

(click on DECA Comprehensive

Services or 

Early Childhood Services)

Tennessee (Wave III)

James Jackson (Interim)

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Tennessee Department of Education

Office of School-Based Support

Services

Andrew Johnson Tower

710 James Robertson Parkway

Nashville, TN 37243-0375

(615) 532-4981

(615) 532-4899 Fax

jjackson2@mail.state.tn.us

Texas (Wave I)

Gwen D. Chance

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Charles A. Dana Center @

University of Texas at Austin

2901 North I.H.-35, Room 2.200

Austin, TX 78722-2348

(512) 232-2258

(512) 232-1853 Fax

gwen_c@mail.utexas.edu

West Virginia (Wave III)

William Huebner

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Governor’s Cabinet on Children and

Families

1900 Kanawha Boulevard East

Building 5, Room 218

Charleston, WV 25305

(304) 558-4638

(304) 558-0596 Fax

bhuebner@wvnvm.wvnet.edu

Wisconsin (Wave III)

Julia Herwig

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

Office of Child Care

Wisconsin Department of Workforce

Development

201 E. Washington Avenue

Madison, WI 53707-7935

(608) 261-4596

(608) 267-3240 Fax

jh720@aol.com

Wyoming (Wave III)

Terri Longhurst

Head Start-State Collaboration Office

1465 N. 4th Street, Suite 111

Laramie, WY 82072

(307) 766-2452

(307) 721-2084 Fax

lnghurst@uwyo.edu

Head Start Bureau Contacts

Tom Schultz

Head Start Bureau

330 C Street, SW

Switzer Building

Washington, DC 20447

(202) 205-8323

(202) 401-5916 Fax

tschultz@acf.dhhs.gov
WIC-Head Start Coordination

108 Appendix C 

Consultants

Regions I, II, III, and IV

Marlys Gustafson-Bell

P.O. Box 1415

Sheperdstown, WV 25443

(304) 876-0700

(304) 876-3057 Fax

33 Cedar Point Drive

Palm Coast, FL 32164

(904) 445-8994

(904) 445-2281 Fax

ABLE3@aol.com

Karen Mitchell

Head Start Bureau

330 C Street, SW

Switzer Building

Washington, DC 20447

(202) 260-4797

(202) 401-5916 Fax

kmitchell@acf.dhhs.gov

National Head Start T/TA

Resource Center Contact:

Jean Swift

PaL-Tech, Inc.

1901 N. Fort Myer Drive

Arlington, VA 22209

(703) 243-0495

(703) 243-0496 Fax

jswift@pal-tech.com

Regions V, VI, and VII

Linda Likins

The Devereux Foundation

444 Devereux Drive

Villanova, PA 19085

(610) 542-3095

(610) 542-3141 Fax

lindlikins@aol.com

Regions VIII, IX, X

Carolyn Mangrum

13200 Slope Crest Drive

Oakland, CA 94619

(510) 530-8042

(510) 530-8111

caromang@aol.com
WIC-Head Start Coordination

Appendix C 109

Ms. Sheila Skiffington

Education Development Center

55 Chapel Street

Newton, MA 02458-1060

617-969-7100 x2347

617-969-3440 Fax

Sskiffington@edc.org

Ms. Pat Hall

New York University

School of Education

726 Broadway, 5th Floor

New York City, NY 10003

212-998-5550

212-995-3458 Fax

hallp@is2.nyu.edu

Ms. Gloria de Llovio Dominquez

Development Associates

Puerto Rico/V.I. (Region IIb)

P.O. Box 3968

Guaynabo, PR 00970-3968

787-281-0125/0100

787-281-0120 Fax

dahsqic@tld.net

Ms. Madhavi Parikh

University of Maryland University

College

University Boulevard at Adelphi Road

College Park, MD 20742-1630

301-446-1040

800-688-1675

301-446-1060 Fax

parim@hsrtc.umuc.edu

Ms. Colleen B. Mendel

Western Kentucky University

Training and Technical Assistance

Services

Room 344, Tate C. Page Hall

1526 Russellville Road

Bowling Green, KY 42101

502-745-4041

502-745-3340 Fax

colleen.mendel@wku.edu

Quality Improvement

Centers (QICs)

Ms. Linda Young

CESA #5

626 East Slifer Street

Portage, WI 53901

608-742-8814 x309

608-742-2384 Fax

youngl@cesa5.k12.wi.us

Marce Verzaro-O’Brien

Western Kentucky University

Training and Technical Assistance

Services

Room 344, Tate C. Page Hall

1526 Russellville Road

Bowling Green, KY 42101

305-289-2034

800-882-7482

305-289-0337 Fax

mvobrien@aol.com

Mr. Dennis Sykes

The Ohio State University 

Center for Special Needs Populations

Suite 440 

700 Ackerman Road

Columbus, OH 43202-1559

614-447-0844 x133

800-447-1424

614-447-9043 Fax

sykes.3@osu.edu

Ms. Linda Reasoner

Basic Health Management

Lafayette Building, Suite 303

523 South Louisiana

Little Rock, AR 72201

501-370-9155

800-270-2872

501-370-9158 Fax

lreasoner@bhmqic.com
WIC-Head Start Coordination

110 Appendix C

Ms. Carillon J. Olmstead

Early Childhood Training Center

Portland State University

P.O. Box 1491

Portland, OR 97207

503-725-4815

800-547-8877 x4815 (PST 8am to 5pm)

olmstedc@pdx.edu

Web[http://extended.pdx.edu/ectc.htm]

Ms. Sally Mead

Alaska Satellite Center

Prevention Associates

101 East 9th Ave., Ste. 7A

Anchorage, AK 99501

907-272-6925

907-272-6946 Fax

smead@alaska.net

Ms. Pattie Howell

University of Oklahoma

555 Constitution Street

Suite 237

Norman, OK 73072-7820

405-325-4129

405-325-7319 Fax

phowell@cce.occe.ou.edu

Ms. Leilani Pennel

Academy for Educational Development

1255 23rd Street, NW

4th Floor

Washington, DC 20037

800-864-0465

202-884-8729

202-884-8732 Fax

Ms. Cheryl Wilson

Head Start IHS Program

5300 Homestead Road, NE

Albuquerque, NM 87110

505-248-4231

505-248-4806 Fax

cheryl.wilson@mail.ihs.gov

Mr. James Mitchell

Texas Tech University

Institute for Child and Family Studies

College of Human Services, Room 167

Box 41162

Lubbock, TX 79409-1162

806-742-3296

800-527-2802

806-742-0508 Fax

jmitchellttu@worldnet.att.net

Ms. Donna McDaniel

Community Development Institute

5616 Raytown Road

Raytown, MO 64133

816-356-5373

816-356-2818 Fax

Dmcdaniel@aol.com

Ms. Deborah Hinrichs

Community Development Institute

9745 E. Hampdn Avenue, Suite 310

Lakewood, CO 80231

303-369-5959 x19

800-488-CDI8 (2348)

303-369-5801 Fax

Debhinrich@aol.com

Or CDI8QIC@AOL.com

Ms. Monica Scott Green

Development Associates

1475 North Broadway, Suite 200

Walnut Creek, CA 94596

925-935-9711

800-666-9711

925-935-0413 Fax

msgreen@devassoc.com

Web[www.devassoc.com]