D.C. TO RICHMOND SOUTHEAST HIGH SPEED RAIL

ARCHITECTURAL RECONNAISSANCE Rͳ5SURVEY, ARDJ SEGMENT ΈSEGMENT 6Ή
June 2016

Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the 

Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High 

Speed Rail Project 

Arkendale to Dahlgren Junction (ARDJ) Segment, 

Stafford County 
Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the 

Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia 

High Speed Rail Project

Arkendale to Dahlgren Junction (ARDJ) Segment

Stafford County

DHR #2014-0666

by

Heather Dollins Staton, Adriana Lesiuk, and M. Chris Manning 

Prepared for

Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation

600 E. Main Street, Suite 2102 

Richmond, Virginia 23219 

Prepared by

DC2RVA Project Team

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 

Richmond, Virginia 23219 

June 2016 

June 1, 2016 

Kerri S. Barile, Principal Investigator Date 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail i Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

ABSTRACT 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and 

Public Transportation (DRPT), conducted a reconnaissance-level architectural survey of the 

Arkendale to Dahlgren Junction (ARDJ) segment of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond 

Southeast High Speed Rail (DC2RVA) project. The proposed Project is being completed under 

the auspice of the Federal Rail Administration (FRA) in conjunction with DRPT. Because of 

FRA’s involvement, the undertaking is required to comply with the National Environmental 

Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as 

amended. The project is being completed as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) 

File Review #2014-0666. 

The DC2RVA corridor is divided into 22 segments and this document focuses on the ARDJ 

segment only. This report includes background data that will place each recorded resource 

within context and the results of fieldwork and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) 

evaluations for all architectural resources identified within the ARDJ segment. All other 

segments will be discussed in separate reports. For the purposes of the current report, the 

architectural area of potential effects (APE) is defined as extending 500 feet on either side of the 

center of the existing railroad alignment except in urban areas, where the APE is limited to one 

city block to either side of the existing rail centerline, plus any areas where alterations to a 

resource’s setting and feeling are likely to occur as a result of the Project. This report details the 

findings of buildings, objects, and districts over 48 years of age within the APE (the age limit 

was developed to correspond with the anticipated 2017 architectural study completion date). 

All structures that meet the NRHP 48-year age criterion within the architectural APE of the 

DC2RVA corridor will be included in a subsequent report spanning the entire 123-mile corridor. 

The results of the archaeological survey are also discussed in separate reports. 

In total, the DC2RVA Project Team surveyed 34 historic architectural resources within the 

architectural APE within the ARDJ segment. Of these, 13 previously recorded and 21 newly 

recorded historic resources were identified. It is recommended that all 34 resources are not 

eligible for listing on the NRHP.

 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail ii Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ ii

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Project Location .......................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.2 Project Description ..................................................................................................................... 1-6

1.3 Current Study ............................................................................................................................. 1-6

2. HISTORIC CONTEXT ............................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Stafford County .......................................................................................................................... 2-1

 2.1.1 Anglo Settlement and the Establishment of Stafford ............................................... 2-1

 2.1.2 Early Industries and the Revolutionary War ............................................................ 2-2

 2.1.3 The Antebellum Years .................................................................................................. 2-2

 2.1.4 The Civil War in Stafford County ............................................................................... 2-3

 2.1.5 Into the Twentieth Century ......................................................................................... 2-3

 2.1.6 World War I to World War II (1917–1945)................................................................. 2-4

 2.1.7 The New Dominion to Present .................................................................................... 2-4

3. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 3-1

4. BACKGROUND REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1 Previous Surveys ........................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.2 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources ............................................................................... 4-2

5. RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Previously Recorded Resources ............................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Newly Recorded Resources ...................................................................................................... 5-8

6. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 6-1

7. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 7-1

APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND REVIEW TABLE ........................................................................... A-1

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail iii Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 1-1: SEHSR Corridor ...................................................................................................... 1-2

Figure 1-2: DC2RVA Project Corridor ........................................................................................ 1-4

Figure 1-3: DC2RVA Project Segments Noting the ARDJ (06) Segment .................................. 1-5

Figure 5-1: Detail of Project Segment ARDJ .............................................................................. 5-3

Figure 5-2: Previously Recorded Resources ................................................................................ 5-4

Figure 5-3: Previously Recorded Resources ................................................................................ 5-5

Figure 5-4: Previously Recorded Resources ................................................................................ 5-6

Figure 5-5: Previously Recorded Resources ................................................................................ 5-7

Figure 5-6: Newly Recorded Resources .................................................................................... 5-10

Figure 5-7: Newly Recorded Resources .................................................................................... 5-11

Figure 5-8: Newly Recorded Resources .................................................................................... 5-12

Figure 5-9: Newly Recorded Resources .................................................................................... 5-13

Figure 5-10: Newly Recorded Resources .................................................................................. 5-14

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 5-1: Previously Recorded Resources Identified During the Current Survey ........................ 2

Table 5-2: Newly Recorded Resources Identified During the Current SuRvey ............................. 8

Table 6-1: Summary of Identified Resources and Recommendations............................................ 1

Table A-1: Previously Recorded Resources Within 0.5 Miles of the Architectural APE........... 1
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-1 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

INTRODUCTION 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and 

Public Transportation (DRPT), conducted a reconnaissance-level architectural survey of the 

Arkendale to Dahlgren Junction (ARDJ) segment of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond High 

Speed Rail (DC2RVA) project. In addition to the reconnaissance-level survey, this project 

includes a background review and historic context for the ARDJ segment. The project is being 

completed as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) File #2014-0666. 

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and DRPT propose passenger rail service and rail 

infrastructure improvements in the north-south travel corridor between Washington, D.C. and 

Richmond, VA. These passenger rail service and rail infrastructure improvements are 

collectively known as the DC2RVA project (Project). The Project will deliver higher speed 

passenger rail service, increase passenger and freight rail capacity, and improve passenger rail 

service frequency and reliability in a corridor shared by growing volumes of passenger, 

commuter, and freight rail traffic, thereby providing a competitive option for travelers going 

between Washington, D.C. and Richmond and those traveling to and from adjacent connecting 

corridors. The Project is part of the larger Southeast High Speed Rail (SEHSR) corridor (Figure 

1-1), which extends from Washington, D.C. through Richmond, VA, and from Richmond 

continues east to Hampton Roads (Norfolk), VA and south to Raleigh, NC, and Charlotte, NC, 

and then continues west to Atlanta and south to Florida. The Project connects to the National 

Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) Northeast Corridor (NEC) at Union Station in 

Washington, D.C. 

The purpose of the SEHSR program, as stated in the 2002 Tier I Final Environmental Impact 

Statement (EIS) completed for the full SEHSR corridor, is to provide a competitive 

transportation choice to travelers within the Washington, D.C. to Charlotte travel corridor. The 

purpose of the current Washington, D.C. to Richmond SEHSR project described here is to fulfill 

the purpose of the SEHSR Tier I EIS within this segment of the larger SEHSR corridor. The 

Project, by increasing rail capacity and improving travel times between Washington, D.C. and 

Richmond, will improve passenger train performance and reliability in the corridor, enabling 

intercity passenger rail to be a competitive transportation choice for travelers between 

Washington, D.C. and Richmond and beyond. 

Given FRA’s funding involvement and permitting through various other federal agencies, the 

DC2RVA project is required to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation 

Act of 1966, as amended, and its implementing regulations under 36CFR800. Additionally, all 

cultural resource work was designed to comply with the Virginia Antiquities Act (Code of 

Virginia § 10.1-2300) and guidelines and regulations promulgated by the DHR as necessary. 

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SEHSR Corridor

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 40 80

Miles

Basemap Source: 2014

ESRI World Light Gray Base

Figure 1-1

1 inch=80 miles

@ 8.5 x 11 inches

Southeast High

Speed Rail (SEHSR)

Segment Status

Charlotte to

Atlanta

Tier I EIS

Washington

D.C. to

Richmond

Tier II EIS

Richmond to

Raleigh

Tier II EIS

Raleigh to

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Richmond to

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SEHSR

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Complete
INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-3 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

1.1 PROJECT LOCATION 

The Washington, D.C. to Richmond corridor spans 123 miles along an existing rail corridor 

owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) between Control Point RO (milepost [MP] CFP 110) in 

Arlington, VA to the CSXT A-Line and S-Line junction at MP A-11 in Centralia, VA 

(Chesterfield County) (Figure 1-2). For the purposes of engineering and environmental 

planning, the DC2RVA corridor has been subdivided into 22 segments that correspond with 

improvements and alternatives, and as such have been named and numbered from north to 

south (Figure 1-3). At the northern terminus in Arlington, VA, the Project limit ends at the 

southern approach to Long Bridge, a double-track rail bridge taking the rail corridor over the 

Potomac River; however, the northern terminus of Union Station in Washington, D.C. will be 

used for ridership and revenue forecasting, as well as service development planning within the 

Project corridor. The southern terminus in Centralia is the junction of two CSXT routes that 

begin in Richmond and rejoin approximately 11 miles south of the city. 

Additional segments of the Project include approximately 8.3 miles of the CSXT Peninsula 

Subdivision CA-Line from Beulah Road (MP CA-76.1) in Henrico County, VA to AM Junction 

in the City of Richmond, and the approximately 26-mile Buckingham Branch Railroad (BBR) 

from AM Junction to the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railway (RF&P) Crossing (MP 

CA-111.8) in Doswell, VA. 

Proposed improvements are along CSXT-owned track, generally parallel to the I-95 corridor 

between northern Virginia and Richmond. From north to south, the project travels through the 

following counties and cities: 

 Arlington County 

 City of Alexandria 

 Fairfax County 

 Prince William County 

 Stafford County 

 City of Fredericksburg 

 Spotsylvania County 

 Caroline County 

 Hanover County 

 Henrico County 

 City of Richmond 

 Chesterfield County 

In Arlington, the Project connects to existing CSXT track extending across the Potomac River on 

the Long Bridge into Washington, D.C. and Union Station, the southern terminus of Amtrak’s 

Northeast Corridor (NEC). At Centralia, the Project connects to both the Richmond to Raleigh 

segment of the SEHSR corridor and the Richmond to Hampton Roads segment of the SEHSR 

corridor. 

 
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DC2RVA Project

Corridor

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 7 14

Miles

Legend

DC2RVA Project

Corridor

Virginia Rail Lines

1 inch=14 miles

@ 8.5 x 11 inches

Figure 1-2

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RF&P

RF&P

A-Line

Buckingham

Branch

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AM Junction

S-Line

Peninsula

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Arlington

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Acca

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INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-6 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

The Washington, D.C. to Richmond segment is an integral part of the overall 

Washington, D.C. to Charlotte SEHSR corridor and provides a critical link between high speed 

intercity passenger service from Boston to Washington, D.C. and the southeastern United States. 

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

The DC2RVA project will include specific rail infrastructure improvements and service 

upgrades intended to improve the travel time, service frequency, and on-time performance of 

passenger trains operating between Washington, D.C. and Richmond, VA. Specific 

improvements to the existing rail infrastructure between Arlington, VA, and Centralia, VA 

include: 

 Corridor-wide upgrades to existing track and signal systems to achieve higher operating 

speeds, including curve realignments, higher-speed crossovers between tracks, passing 

sidings, and grade crossing improvements. 

 Corridor-wide improvements to train operating capacity to achieve higher passenger 

train service frequency and reliability, including an additional main track along most of 

the corridor, and additional controlled sidings, crossovers, yard bypasses and leads, and 

other capacity and reliability improvements at certain locations. 

 Station and platform improvements for Amtrak and Virginia Railway Express (VRE) 

stations. 

The Tier II EIS being completed for the Project will assess the environmental impacts of these 

improvements and identify ways to avoid, minimize, or otherwise mitigate such impacts. 

The Project may include locations for new or replacement intercity passenger stations on the 

Project corridor, and additional rail capacity and other improvements in the Richmond area, 

including on the CSXT Peninsula Subdivision from AM Junction in Richmond, VA (just north of 

Main Street Station) east to Beulah Road in Henrico County, and on the bypass areas around the 

town of Ashland, VA and the City of Fredericksburg, VA. 

Studies in support of the Project will address passenger and freight rail operations and service 

between Union Station in Washington, D.C. and Richmond and beyond, but the Project does 

not include physical improvements to the Long Bridge across the Potomac River or to rail 

infrastructure within Washington, D.C. Other projects will address improvements to the rail 

infrastructure north of Arlington and south of Centralia along the SEHSR corridor. 

1.3 CURRENT STUDY 

The current study included a reconnaissance architectural survey of the ARDJ segment of the 

DC2RVA corridor (See Figure 1-3). The architectural survey was conducted to evaluate both 

previously recorded properties that have not been evaluated for the National Register of 

Historic Places (NRHP), as well as any unrecorded resource over 48 years in age (the age limit 

was developed to correspond to the anticipated 2017 architectural survey completion date). Any 

property in the area of potential effects (APE) that has been previously determined to be 

eligible, or is listed in, the NRHP was briefly reviewed to assure that the characteristics that 

rendered the property eligible are still intact. For the purposes of the current report, 

 
INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-7 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

the architectural APE is defined as extending 500 feet on either side of the centerline of the 

existing railroad alignment, except in urban areas, where the APE is limited to one city block to 

either side of the existing rail centerline, plus any areas where alterations to a resource’s setting 

and feeling are likely to occur as a result of the Project. All structures that meet the NRHP age 

criteria within the architectural APE of the DC2RVA corridor will be included in a subsequent 

report spanning the entire 123-mile corridor. In addition, the results of the archaeological 

survey are discussed in separate documents. 

Each resource was evaluated with regard to NRHP Criterion A, for its association with events 

that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; Criterion B, for its 

association with people significant in our nation’s history; Criterion C, for its embodiment of 

distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the 

work of a master, or possess high artistic values. As part of the current survey, these 

architectural resources were not evaluated under Criterion D for its potential to yield 

information important in history. Criteria considerations were taken into account only where 

necessary. 

The area within the Project APE was first reviewed through an architectural and historical 

background literature and records search at DHR. The APE was then visually inspected 

through a vehicular and pedestrian reconnaissance to identify buildings, objects, and districts 

over 48 years in age where a NRHP determination had not been made. Once identified, each 

resource was evaluated for architectural significance and historic and physical integrity. The 

resources were documented through written notes and digital photographs. The information 

obtained during the survey was then used to update or generate a new DHR Virginia Cultural 

Resource Information System (V-CRIS) form and to make recommendations on each resource’s 

NRHP potential. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-1 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

HISTORIC CONTEXT 

As part of this undertaking, a historic context of each municipality within the APE was 

compiled. The ARDJ segment spans one county: Stafford County. Because this report discusses 

the architectural component of this project, only the historic period for Stafford County is 

included below. The prehistoric context for this area will appear in subsequent archaeological 

reports. 

2.1 STAFFORD COUNTY 

While some sources state that Europeans explored the area around Stafford County as early as 

1570 (Alvey 1978:1), it was John Smith who left the first written record of his visit in his Generall 

Historie of Virginia (Smith 1966), originally published in 1624. Smith described his 1608 

explorations along both the Rappahannock and Potomac rivers while he was looking for 

trading opportunities and other resources. During his travels in the area, Smith and his 

companions met members of the powerful and widespread Patawomeke tribe, and visited what 

was believed to be their principal village to trade corn (Blanton 1999). This site is located on 

what is today Marlborough Point. 

2.1.1 Anglo Settlement and the Establishment of Stafford 

From 1608 to the 1640s, European settlement in what became Stafford County was rare. Giles 

Brent, a Catholic from Maryland, moved into Stafford County in 1647 along Aquia Creek. His 

sisters Margaret and Mary soon joined him, and a small community developed at the Brent 

settlement. In 1664, Stafford County was formed from the western part of Westmoreland 

County. Originally, Stafford included what are today Prince William, Fairfax, Fauquier, 

Loudoun, Arlington, and parts of King George Counties (Netherton et al. 2004). The first 

courthouse was located on Potomac Creek, but it moved to Marlborough Point in 1692. By this 

time, the point had become a thriving port community built on top of the old Native American 

village. 

During the last decades of the seventeenth century, the population of Stafford gradually 

increased as settlers moved into the region to work the fertile lands and take advantage of the 

numerous water resources. Among the families who established plantations at this time were 

the Fitzhughs whose Eagle’s Nest Plantation was one of the largest landholdings in the general 

region. Most plantation owners and small farmers relied on tobacco as their primary cash crop. 

The plant took very well to the Virginia soils. Due to new tariffs and regulations established by 

Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood in 1712, planters could be assured of a fair price 

despite the growing Virginia political climate (Havighurst 1967). Along with an increase in 

agricultural production, Stafford planters brought in more and more enslaved Africans to work 

2
HISTORIC CONTEXT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-2 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

the land. Like most of Virginia, slavery quickly took over the indentured servant system in the 

first decades of the eighteenth century. 

In 1718, the courthouse at Marlborough Point was destroyed by fire, and the court complex 

moved to Stoneman’s Landing. It remained at Stoneman’s for the next 60 years, finally moving 

to its present site in 1783 (Goolrick 1976). In addition to the new settlement at Stoneman’s 

Landing, another new and prosperous port founded within the first decades of the eighteenth 

century was Falmouth, located along the Rappahannock River. An act of the Virginia Assembly 

in 1728 directed the laying out of the town of Falmouth, along with Fredericksburg and other 

prospective urban centers (Eby 1997). 

2.1.2 Early Industries and the Revolutionary War 

In addition to agriculture, other industries thrived in the county during the third quarter of the 

eighteenth century. Accokeek Iron Mine was founded along Accokeek Creek, and Hunter’s Iron 

Works was founded in Falmouth. During the Revolutionary War, Hunter’s produced pots, 

camp kettles, anchors, muskets, bayonets, pistols, shovels, and other materials for the Army 

(Eby 1997:308–311; Writer’s Program of Virginia 1992:349). A British customs officer who 

traveled through Falmouth during the war called the enterprise “the greatest ironworks that is 

upon the Continent” (quoted in Conner 2003:207). 

A second thriving industry was stone quarrying. Although the presence of high-quality 

sandstone was known at the beginning of the eighteenth century (i.e., Barile 2004), it wasn’t 

until the last decades of the century that the stone was quarried for large-scale building projects. 

One of the most successful sandstone quarries belonged to William Robertson (Eby 1997:139). 

He established his quarry along the northern branch of Austin Run and soon moved his family 

to a site adjacent to the quarry. Stone from his quarry and nearby Government Island was used 

to build the White House in Washington, D.C. 

The post-Revolutionary War years brought about numerous changes in Stafford’s economy. By 

this time, tobacco had depleted most of the soils and the majority of area farmers had moved to 

the production of grains. With the new crop came new production needs. Port towns like 

Falmouth became the economic and social centers of the county, as farmers used the growing 

number of mills and warehouses to process and store their crops (Johnson 1996, 1997). 

Milling began in Stafford County as early as the late-seventeenth century but experienced its 

biggest growth during early- to mid-nineteenth century. In 1861, at the height of the industry’s 

development, there were at least sixteen known mills operating in Stafford County (Eby 

1997:145–152). As Stafford County’s milling industry steadily emerged, various subsidiary 

businesses also rapidly developed to house, feed, and entertain those who came to town to 

process their goods. Because of this, Falmouth was at the height of its commercial prosperity 

from the 1780s through the 1810s (Eby 1997; Goolrick 1976). 

2.1.3 The Antebellum Years 

Because of a dramatic shift in transportation routes and a gradually diminished need for grain 

flour, Stafford County and Falmouth underwent a decline during the Antebellum period. This 

downturn in the town’s fortune was probably intensified by the gradual silting up of the river. 

Steamboats now traveled to small ports on Potomac and Aquia creeks to retrieve goods and 
HISTORIC CONTEXT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-3 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

passengers, and the Potomac, Fredericksburg, and Richmond Railroad was established between 

Aquia Creek and Richmond in 1842 (Netherton et al. 2004:43). 

Despite a declining economy, stone quarrying continued to be a successful venture. In 1820, 90 

‘quarriers’ were listed in the county-wide census. Continued building efforts in the capital city, 

along with a steady supply of slave labor and northern financial backing provided the local 

industry with necessary resources. Substantial quarrying continued until the stone quality 

diminished. 

2.1.4 The Civil War in Stafford County 

Stafford County is situated between the capitals of the Union and Confederacy and became the 

crossroads of military activity during the Civil War. After the fighting in the winter of 1862 the 

Federal Army of the Potomac went into winter camp, and numerous Federal units bivouacked 

in southern Stafford County over the next eight months (Carter 1997; Civil War Sites Advisory 

Committee [CWSAC] 1999; Musselman 1995). 

During the Fredericksburg-Chancellorsville campaigns, from November 1862 through June 

1863, Stafford County was occupied by 130,000 troops, of the Federal Army of the Potomac, and 

its military encampments occupied thousands of acres from Aquia Creek south to the 

Rappahannock River. With a force numbering 130,000 troops the effect of the army’s presence 

was devastating. Troops traveled over almost all of the roads established in the county at that 

time, and many properties were used as encampments. These camps, especially winter 

encampments, completely obliterated the landscape of a once-pristine countryside. Soldiers dug 

hut holes for their winter housing in agricultural fields, woods, and in the yards of the area’s 

residents. Nearly every tree in sight was cut down for their huts, for firewood, and in some 

cases for corduroy roads. Soldiers looted dwellings for supplies, took down fences, and 

removed windows. 

The Civil War decimated the physical and cultural fabric of Stafford County. Despite the 

destruction, area inhabitants remained in town and were determined to rebuild their lives and 

their homes. According to author and Stafford resident Homer Musselman (1995:vii, 77–86), 

“No county in the United States felt the war so harshly as Stafford.” When the war ended 

Stafford was utterly devoid of stock, food, and forage and the soil had gone down or grown up 

in brush. Hundreds of homes had been burned, the records at Stafford Court House had been 

half destroyed and those that remained were damaged. 

In addition to the Union occupation of Falmouth and large-scale troop movement activity, 

Stafford County was the site of one Civil War battle. The Battle of Aquia Creek was part of the 

Chesapeake Bay blockade that occurred between May 29 and June 1, 1861. During the battle, 

Confederate batteries under the direction of Colonel Daniel Ruggles at the mouth of Aquia 

Creek were bombarded by three Union ships, led by Commander James H. Ward. Despite a 

feared land attack by Union troops, the landing never materialized. The results of the battle 

were inconclusive (Carter 1997; CWSAC 1999). Confederate batteries and depots along Aquia 

Creek were later withdrawn. 

2.1.5 Into the Twentieth Century 

By the turn of the century, the population began to return to their pre-war numbers. One of the 

most famous new residents of the county in the early-twentieth century was artist Gari 
HISTORIC CONTEXT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-4 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

Melchers. Melchers purchased Belmont—the frame mansion house on the western edge of 

Falmouth (circa 1761)—and added a large studio wing to the house. He spent the rest of his life 

at Belmont painting vernacular landscapes of Falmouth and the surrounding area (Writer’s 

Program of Virginia 1992:349). 

2.1.6 World War I to World War II (1917–1945) 

In the first decades of the twentieth century, Stafford County’s transportation networks 

continued to grow, particularly its roadways after the formal establishment of the state’s 

Department of Highways in 1927 (Virginia Department of Transportation [VDOT] 2006:30). 

That same year, an important route through Stafford County was established; “after over 25 

years of consideration, newspaper editorials, town meetings, financial discussions and 

legislative debate the Jefferson Davis Highway, also known as the Washington-Richmond 

Highway or US Highway No. 1, was fully paved and open for business” (Schricker 2014). 

Area waterways continued to provide transportation to both passengers and goods in this 

period, though the oyster and fishing industry was on a decline from its peak in the latenineteenth century after decades of over fishing depleted resources (Conner 2003:212). 

Railroads remained an important form of transportation and reinforced growth of the local 

economy as the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad had expanded to a doubletrack by 1907 and continued to upgrade area bridges and other rail-related facilities into the 

1940s (Conner 2003:205). The lumber industry also profited from increased transportation 

options in Stafford County, aided by the popular use of cordwood in railroad ties (Conner 

2003:213). 

During the Great Depression, many New Deal programs affected Stafford County, including 

several Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camps and improvement projects, including soil 

conservation work planting trees, cutting fire lanes in forested areas, digging drainage ditches, 

and constructing fences (Conner 2003:215). 

The area’s proximity to the nation’s capital and location along the Potomac River made Stafford 

County a good fit for the burgeoning development of the Marine Corps. As the United States 

grew closer to participation in World War I, the Marine Corps took on a greater role within the 

armed forces—expanding to be part of the American Expeditionary Force. The Marines had 

been stationed at naval bases since the Spanish-American War, but had since outgrown the 

space allotted to them. With a changing role (the Department of State had used the Marine 

Corps as a guerilla force in Central and South America), training conditions and bases needed 

to be modified (Blumenthal 2003:7). In 1917, Marine officers leased a plot of 5,300 acres located 

near Quantico in Stafford County. Later that year, the leasing company fell into hardship and 

was forced to sell the property to the United States government (Evans 1989:68). The Marine 

Corps Reservation continued to grow throughout World War II, promoting residential growth 

in Prince William and Stafford counties. 

2.1.7 The New Dominion to Present 

The years after World War II were crucial in defining the current landscape for the entire 

Northern Virginia region. The federal government expanded, bringing with it lobbying groups 

and research and development enterprises (Evans 1989:130). The 1956 Highway Act paved the 

way for Interstate 95, rolling southward from Washington, D.C. This superhighway allowed 
HISTORIC CONTEXT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-5 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

commuters an easy way to reach their offices within the District of Columbia (Evans 1989:130). 

Government expansion, returning veterans receiving housing incentives, and the creation of 

Interstate 95 (I-95) allowed development to reach the boundaries of Stafford County by the 

1960s. 

Over the past several decades, development in Stafford County has reached an all-time high. 

According to the County, “the built environment of Stafford County is relatively new. Since the 

construction of Interstate 95 in the 1960’s through the County, population has doubled every 20 

years” (Stafford County Planning Commission 2010). New commuter options such as the 

Virginia Rail Express have led to the creation of new subdivisions near the I-95 corridor. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 3-1 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

METHODOLOGY 

The architectural survey was conducted to evaluate any historic buildings, objects, or districts 

over 48 years in age for NRHP eligibility. Each resource was evaluated in regards to Criterion 

A, for its association with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns 

of our history; Criterion B, for its association with people significant in our nation’s history; and 

Criterion C, for its embodiment of distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of 

construction, or that represent the work of a master, or possess high artistic values. As part of 

the current survey, these architectural resources were not evaluated under Criterion D for its 

potential to yield information important in history. Criteria considerations were taken into 

account only where necessary. 

A background literature and records review of the APE at the DHR was conducted prior to any 

fieldwork. This included an inspection of previous cultural resource surveys within the 

architectural APE and the notation of previously recorded architectural properties both within 

the APE and within a 0.5-mile radius of the APE to establish an area resource context. 

Once the background review was complete, field recordation commenced. For previously 

recorded resources that were previously determined eligible for or listed in the NRHP within 

the architectural APE, the DC2RVA team briefly examined these properties to assure that they 

retain the characteristics that rendered them eligible for the NRHP, but in-depth studies were 

not completed on these resources. 

During the architectural survey of both newly recorded and previously identified resources, the 

project’s architectural APE was surveyed through a combination of a vehicular and pedestrian 

reconnaissance. Above-ground properties meeting the age criteria of the NRHP were 

documented through photographs, written notes, and mapping. This includes buildings, 

objects, and districts that are within the project boundaries and in the viewshed of the project 

area. Digital photos will be taken of each property documenting the primary elevation, oblique 

angles, and general setting. 

After the architectural field project was completed, the project team prepared separate Virginia 

Cultural Resource Information System (V-CRIS) forms and accompanying documentation for 

each recorded property in accordance with DHR policies and practices. Each V-CRIS packet 

includes a V-CRIS form, site plan, set of hard-copy black & white photographs, and a CD of 

digital photos for each property. The hard copy and electronic versions of the photographs were 

labeled and prepared according to DHR standards. 

3
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-1 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

BACKGROUND REVIEW 

Prior to conducting fieldwork, Dovetail conducted a background review of the DC2RVA project 

area to identify previously recorded above-ground resources within a 0.5-mile radius around 

the APE. This task included an evaluation of DHR files, maps, and reports and Civil War Sites 

Advisory Committee (CWSAC) maps to obtain the required information. The goal was to 

provide data on previously recorded resources to aid in the evaluation of properties identified 

during the current survey. 

4.1 PREVIOUS SURVEYS 

In 1991, the Stafford County Planning Department contracted with Traceries and PMA 

Consulting Services to conduct a cost-share, comprehensive survey of Stafford County’s historic 

resources and provide the County with an accurate listing and assessment of the area’s 

resources for future development planning (Traceries 1992). This effort included the entirety of 

Stafford County except for the Quantico Marine Corps Base. The survey resulted in “an 

inventory of the county’s historic resources fifty years or older, a narrative historic context for 

the resources identified, as well as an analysis of the significance of certain properties and their 

potential eligibility for placement on the national and state registers” (Traceries 1992:63). The 

survey identified 288 historical sites in Stafford County and made recommendations on how to 

establish a county preservation plan to ensure that the necessary actions and strategies are used 

to achieve the preservation of these resources. 

The Virginia Commonwealth University Archaeological Research Center (VCU-ARC) 

conducted a Phase I cultural resources survey in 1992 of the proposed highway improvements 

to Route 218 in Stafford County (McLearen et al. 1992). This survey was performed under an 

agreement with VDOT, whose proposed highway improvements included expansions to the 

Route 218 and 212 intersection and a new bridge over the railroad and a stream. During this 

effort, VCU-ARC did not identify any archaeological sites within the project area. However, 

they determined that four extant historic buildings were located in the indirect APE of the 

anticipated highway construction while 15 historic buildings were within the direct APE. VCUARC recommended the 19 identified historic resources, constructed between the late-nineteenth 

to the mid-twentieth centuries, within the project area to be not eligible for listing on NRHP and 

further work would not be necessary (McLearen et al. 1992). 

CMSS Architects in conjunction with the County of Stafford prepared a master redevelopment 

plan for Stafford County in 2009 (Ferland and DeChard 2008). This master plan included two 

phases of work: a research and program development phase (Phase I) and a concept master 

redevelopment plan phase (Phase II). As a part of this redevelopment plan, a Phase IA 

archaeological assessment and Phase I reconnaissance-level architectural survey of the Village 

of Falmouth was conducted by Cultural Resources, Inc. (CRI) in 2008. A total of 90 previously 

4
BACKGROUND REVIEW 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-2 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

identified and 13 newly identified architectural resources were surveyed through this effort and 

only three of these resources were not included within the boundaries of Falmouth Historic 

District (089-0067). Ten previously identified archaeological resources were revisited during the 

project to update their current conditions. Through this effort, CRI recommended that 

commercial development within Falmouth be restricted to the major roadways within the 

district such as Cambridge Street/Route 1 and Butler Road/Route 17. CRI also recommends 

that a Phase I archaeological survey should be conducted of vacant lots within the district in an 

effort to collect information on buildings related to the development of Falmouth and other 

areas to be investigated include Falmouth Beach Park, River Road Park, St. Clair Brooks Park, 

and Falmouth Union Church and Cemetery in order to “aid in the location of the 1675 fort at 

Falmouth, the original docks, public wharves, warehouses, and ferry houses” (Ferland and 

DeChard 2008:5). 

In 2014, Management Analysis, Incorporated (MAI) conducted an independent assessment and 

prepared a master interpretive plan for the County of Stafford regarding the Falmouth Historic 

District (089-0067) located in Stafford County (MAI 2014). This plan was made possible due to 

sponsorship by Stafford County as well as a grant from VDOT. The purpose of the plan was to 

preserve the important history of the district, which is composed of 156 contributing cultural 

resources, while also “considering the opportunities for tourism and economic development” 

(MIA 2014:5). Through this study, MIA advised that the County set aside land and develop 

suitable parking specifically devoted to the historic district in order to provide the beginnings of 

a necessary infrastructure to revive Falmouth a valuable historic center (MIA 2014). MIA also 

recommended that a Falmouth Historic Monument should be constructed within the park on 

the bank of the Rappahannock River to provide a “central focal point where the human stories 

of Falmouth can be connected to the buildings of the historic district.” (MIA 2014:7) 

4.2 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES 

A total of 45 architectural properties has been previously recorded within 0.5 miles of the 

DC2RVA corridor in the ARDJ segment (See table in Appendix A). Two of these resources (4.4 

percent) have been listed in the Virginia Landmark Register (VLR) and the NRHP (DHR 2015). 

The Falmouth Historic District (089-0067) was listed in the VLR in 1969 and the NRHP in 1970, 

with updated boundaries and NRHP nomination form completed in 2013. The district has 156 

contributing resources, including 134 buildings, 19 archaeological sites, and three structures. 

The resource is significant under Criterion A due to its contribution to the broad pattern of 

history in eighteenth-century and early-nineteenth-century commerce and industry in 

Virginia’s Upper Coastal Plan and Piedmont. It also has significant integrity for its Civil War 

activities, particularly when it was occupied by Federal forces during the Battles of 

Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville (Traum 2013). The district is also significant under 

Criterion C for its integrity of architectural forms representing all periods of Falmouth’s history 

(Traum 2013). 

Another resource listed in the NRHP in 1966 and on VLR in 1973 is the Fredericksburg and 

Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park and Cemetery (111-0147). The 

boundaries of the district were expanded in 2010 in an updated NRHP nomination form to 

include all of the lands within the Fredericksburg National Battlefield, Chancellorsville National 

Battlefield, Wilderness National Battlefield, and Spotsylvania National Battlefield. There are 

also some other associated Civil War units, such as the Jackson Shrine. The resource is 
BACKGROUND REVIEW 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-3 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

significant under Criteria A and D for its context of Civil War Military Action around the City 

of Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County and for its potential to yield archaeological 

information associated with the battles (Reed et al. 2010). 

One property (2.2 percent) of the 45 previously recorded resources within 0.5 miles of the 

Project has been determined potentially eligible for listing on the NRHP by DHR staff in 2007. 

The resource, the Battle of Fredericksburg II (1863) (111-5296), is also associated with the 

Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park (111-0147). The 

resource is considered potentially eligible under Criterion A for its contribution to the broad 

pattern of Civil War history in the City of Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County. 

Fifteen resources (33.3 percent) located within 0.5 miles of the Project were determined by DHR 

staff to be not eligible for the NRHP. These resources include nine dwellings, three 

commercial/industrial buildings, two agricultural complexes, and one structure. A majority of 

the dwellings were constructed during the early- to mid-twentieth century and include such 

architectural styles as Colonial Revival and Craftsman, while two dwellings date to the latenineteenth century. The three commercial/industrial buildings were constructed in the early- to 

mid-twentieth century and include a post office (089-5032), a saw mill (089-5033), and a store 

(089-5034). The structure (089-5010) is a concrete, T-beam bridge constructed in 1917. The two 

agricultural complexes (089-0044 and 089-0048) were both constructed around 1860–1865 and 

are typical examples of farms located in Stafford County. 

The remaining resources (n=27, 60.0 percent) were not given a formal NRHP eligibility 

determination. Among these resources are the Battle of Fredericksburg I (1862) (111-5295), 13 

dwellings, three religious-affiliated buildings, two commercial buildings, two cemeteries, two 

structures, two railroad section houses, one agricultural complex, and one school. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-1 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

RESULTS 

The architectural investigation of the ARDJ segment of the DC2RVA project involved a field 

survey of all above-ground resources over 48 years in age within the Project’s architectural APE. 

Both previously recorded properties and newly recorded resources were included as part of the 

current evaluation to achieve cultural resource compliance. The current survey identified 13 

previously recorded resources and 21 newly recorded resources, for a total of 34 surveyed 

resources. 

5.1 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES 

This survey identified 13 previously recorded buildings, objects, and districts within the 

architectural APE (Table 5-1, Figures 5-1 through 5-5). Any previously recorded structures 

within the APE will be included in a subsequent report. Of those 13 resources, none have been 

previously listed in or determined potentially eligible/eligible for the NRHP. Six resources were 

determined not eligible for listing in the NRHP by the DHR; however, because the eligibility 

evaluation occurred over five years ago, these resources were re-evaluated during the current 

survey. The remaining seven previously recorded resources had not been formally evaluated 

for the NRHP by DHR. Table 5-1 lists all 13 previously recorded resources, along with the 

Project Team’s eligibility determination. 

A majority (n=7) of the previously recorded resources within the ARDJ Segment are no longer 

extant (089-0039, 089-0167, 089-0172, 089-0296, 089-5034, 089-5035, and 089-5039). Because these 

resources have a loss of historic integrity and architectural significance, they are recommended 

not eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C. They have no known association with a significant 

event or person and are not associated with any broad patterns in history. Therefore, they are 

recommended not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B. As architectural resources, 

these properties were not evaluated under Criterion D.

Two resources (089-0169 and 089-5041) are single-family dwellings that date to the latenineteenth century. These houses were constructed in a form and style that was common in 

Stafford County around the turn of the twentieth century. In addition to the two dwellings, 

there are two surviving commercial buildings: G&D General Store (089-0195), a circa-1918, twostory, frame store, and a one-story masonry building constructed around 1930 on Brooke Road 

(089-5033). There is one previously recorded church within the APE: Andrew Chapel (089-0078), 

which is a one-and-a-half-story, Gothic Revival, frame religious building. On the whole, these 

five buildings have no outstanding architectural merit and are not known to be the work of a 

master. For these reasons, they are recommended not eligible for individual listing in the NRHP 

under Criterion C. They have no known association with a significant event or person and are 

not associated with any broad patterns in history. Therefore, they are recommended not eligible 

5
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-2 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

for the NRHP under Criteria A and B. As architectural resources, these properties were not evaluated 

under Criterion D.

The remaining resource is the Scott Cemetery/Point Myrtle Grove (089-0282). According to the 

Stafford County Cemetery Committee, this resource is a typical family cemetery with 

interments ranging from 1809 to 2005. This resource could not be accessed by Dovetail staff 

during the current survey because access to the property was not permitted (Anita Dodd, 

personal communication 2015). In lieu of the survey, Dovetail architectural historians worked 

with the Stafford County Cemetery Committee, who previously documented the cemetery in 

detail through photographs, site plans, and detailed notes. Based on their data and 

recommendations, Scott Cemetery/Point Myrtle Grove is recommended not eligible for the 

NRHP under Criteria A–C and Criteria Consideration D. It is recognized that the resource may 

be eligible as an archaeological site under Criterion D. It is recommended that the resource be 

evaluated for its archaeological potential in the future. However, for the DC2RVA project, the 

cemetery does not fall within the archaeological APE. As such, this property was not evaluated 

under Criterion D as part of the current undertaking. 

In sum, all of the 13 previously recorded resources within the ARDJ segment of the DC2RVA 

project are recommended not eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criteria A–C. 

Furthermore, the Scott Cemetery/Point Myrtle Grove is not eligible under Criteria 

Consideration D. 

TABLE 5-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES IDENTIFIED DURING THE CURRENT 

SURVEY 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction

DC2RVA Project Team 

Recommendation 

089-0039 House, 738 Eskimo Hill Road Stafford County ca. 1890 Not Eligible 

089-0078 Andrew Chapel Stafford County 1904 Not Eligible 

089-0167 Jones-Lowry House, 1717 Brooke 

Road Stafford County ca. 1890 Not Eligible 

089-0169 RF&P House, 223 Andrew Chapel 

Road Stafford County ca. 1890 Not Eligible 

089-0172 RF&P Section House Stafford County ca. 1870 Not Eligible 

089-0195 G&D General Store Stafford County ca. 1918 Not Eligible 

089-0282 Scott Cemetery/Point Myrtle Grove Stafford County 1809 Not Eligible 

089-0296 Harrison House, 43 Deacon Road Stafford County ca. 1930 Not Eligible 

089-5033 Block building, 1735 Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1930 Not Eligible 

089-5034 Groves Store, Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1925 Not Eligible 

089-5035 W. J. Payne House, 1732 Brooke 

Road Stafford County ca. 1938 Not Eligible 

089-5039 House, 2082 Courthouse Road Stafford County 1900 Not Eligible 

089-5041 F. Mill House, 2147 Courthouse Road Stafford County 1894 Not Eligible 

Source: Dovetail, 2015. 

 





RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-8 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

5.2 NEWLY RECORDED RESOURCES 

Of the 34 above-ground resources recorded in the architectural APE of the ARDJ segment 

during the current project, the DC2RVA Project Team documented 21 newly recorded resources 

(Table 5-2; Figures 5-6 through 5-10). A majority (n=17) are single-family dwellings constructed 

between 1935 and 1968. Some of these buildings are examples of styles and forms that were 

popular during the second and third quarters of the twentieth century, such as Craftsman, 

Ranch, and Minimal Traditional styles and the bungalow form; however, on a whole, they 

represent a building type that is vernacular throughout the region. 

Two of the newly recorded resources are commercial buildings located on Thompson Avenue 

(089-5554 and 089-5555). Both are one-story buildings constructed between 1955 and 1960. 

Another resource is a circa-1950 fire station located at 222 Andrew Chapel Road (089-5569). This 

one-story, seven-bay masonry building is covered by a cross-gabled roof and features multiple 

sectional garage doors. The remaining resource is a one-story, two-bay marina constructed circa 

1950 (089-5573). This concrete-block commercial building has a brick veneer on the primary 

elevation and is covered by a front-gabled roof. 

These 21 newly recorded resources have no outstanding architectural merit and are not known 

to be the work of a master. For these reasons, they are recommended not eligible for individual 

listing in the NRHP under Criterion C. They have no known association with a significant event 

or person and are not associated with any broad patterns in history. Therefore, they are 

recommended not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B. As architectural resources, 

these properties were not evaluated under Criterion D. In sum, these 21 newly recorded 

resources are recommended not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A–C.

TABLE 5-2: NEWLY RECORDED RESOURCES IDENTIFIED DURING THE CURRENT SURVEY 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project 

Team 

Recommendation 

089-5554 Commercial Building, 204 Thompson 

Avenue Stafford County ca. 1955 Not Eligible 

089-5555 Commercial Building, 207 Thompson 

Avenue Stafford County ca. 1960 Not Eligible 

089-5556 House, 48 Rice Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 

089-5557 House, 776 Leeland Road Stafford County ca. 1965 Not Eligible 

089-5558 House, 718 Eskimo Hill Road Stafford County ca. 1930 Not Eligible 

089-5559 House, 732 Eskimo Hill Road Stafford County 1948 Not Eligible 

089-5560 House, 35 Old Bridge Road Stafford County ca. 1945 Not Eligible 

089-5561 House, 47 Old Bridge Road Stafford County 1952 Not Eligible 

089-5562 House, 48 Old Bridge Road Stafford County 1965 Not Eligible 

089-5563 House, 1539 Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1960 Not Eligible 

089-5564 House, 77 Montague Loop Stafford County 1953 Not Eligible 

089-5565 House, 75 Montague Loop Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-9 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

TABLE 5-2: NEWLY RECORDED RESOURCES IDENTIFIED DURING THE CURRENT SURVEY 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project 

Team 

Recommendation 

089-5566 House, 57 Montague Loop Stafford County ca. 1900 Not Eligible 

089-5567 House, 1720 Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1960 Not Eligible 

089-5568 House, 101 Mount Hope Church Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 

089-5569 Fire Station, 222 Andrew Chapel Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 

089-5570 House, 1760 Brooke Road Stafford County 1961 Not Eligible 

089-5571 House, 1779 Brooke Road Stafford County 1956 Not Eligible 

089-5572 House, 59 Inez Way Stafford County ca. 1935 Not Eligible 

089-5573 Marina, 4 Hope Springs Lane Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 

089-5588 House, 2092 Courthouse Road Stafford County 1968 Not Eligible 

Source: Dovetail, 2015. 

 





D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-1 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

The DC2RVA Project Team conducted a reconnaissance-level architectural survey of the ARDJ 

segment of the DC2RVA corridor. The DC2RVA project is being completed under the auspice of 

the FRA in conjunction with the DRPT. Because of FRA’s involvement, the undertaking is 

required to comply with the NEPA and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 

1966, as amended. The Project is being completed as DHR File Review #2014-0666. 

In total, the DC2RVA Project Team surveyed 34 historic architectural resources within the 

architectural APE within the ARDJ segment. None of these resources have any known 

association with a known historic trend or specific event or a notable person (Table 6-1). 

Furthermore, they have no outstanding architectural merit and are not known to be the work of 

a master. As such it is recommended that all 34 resources documented during the current 

survey are recommended not eligible for individual listing on the NHRP. 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project Team 

Recommendation 

089-0039 House, 738 Eskimo Hill Road Stafford County ca. 1890 Not Eligible 

089-0078 Andrew Chapel Stafford County 1904 Not Eligible 

089-0167 Jones-Lowry House, 1717 

Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1890 Not Eligible 

089-0169 RF&P House, 223 Andrew 

Chapel Road Stafford County ca. 1890 Not Eligible 

089-0172 RF&P Section House Stafford County ca. 1870 Not Eligible 

089-0195 G&D General Store Stafford County ca. 1918 Not Eligible 

089-0282 Scott Cemetery/Point Myrtle 

Grove Stafford County 1809 Not Eligible 

089-0296 Harrison House, 43 Deacon 

Road Stafford County ca. 1930 Not Eligible 

089-5033 Block building, 1735 Brooke 

Road Stafford County ca. 1930 Not Eligible 

089-5034 Groves Store, Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1925 Not Eligible 

089-5035 W. J. Payne House, 1732 

Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1938 Not Eligible 

6
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-2 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project Team 

Recommendation 

089-5039 House, 2082 Courthouse Road Stafford County 1900 Not Eligible 

089-5041 F. Mill House, 2147 

Courthouse Road Stafford County 1894 Not Eligible 

089-5554 Commercial Building, 204 

Thompson Avenue Stafford County ca. 1955 Not Eligible 

089-5555 Commercial Building, 207 

Thompson Avenue Stafford County ca. 1960 Not Eligible 

089-5556 House, 48 Rice Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 

089-5557 House, 776 Leeland Road Stafford County ca. 1965 Not Eligible 

089-5558 House, 718 Eskimo Hill Road Stafford County ca. 1930 Not Eligible 

089-5559 House, 732 Eskimo Hill Road Stafford County 1948 Not Eligible 

089-5560 House, 35 Old Bridge Road Stafford County ca. 1945 Not Eligible 

089-5561 House, 47 Old Bridge Road Stafford County 1952 Not Eligible 

089-5562 House, 48 Old Bridge Road Stafford County 1965 Not Eligible 

089-5563 House, 1539 Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1960 Not Eligible 

089-5564 House, 77 Montague Loop Stafford County 1953 Not Eligible 

089-5565 House, 75 Montague Loop Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 

089-5566 House, 57 Montague Loop Stafford County ca. 1900 Not Eligible 

089-5567 House, 1720 Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1960 Not Eligible 

089-5568 House, 101 Mount Hope 

Church Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 

089-5569 Fire Station, 222 Andrew 

Chapel Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 

089-5570 House, 1760 Brooke Road Stafford County 1961 Not Eligible 

089-5571 House, 1779 Brooke Road Stafford County 1956 Not Eligible 

089-5572 House, 59 Inez Way Stafford County ca. 1935 Not Eligible 

089-5573 Marina, 4 Hope Springs Lane Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible 

089-5588 House, 2092 Courthouse Road Stafford County 1968 Not Eligible 

Source: Dovetail, 2015. 

 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-1 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

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7
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2014 A Short History of Route 1. Vintage Route 1 Tour and Downtown Community Day. 

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Smith, John 

1966 The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles. Microfilm of 

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Traum, Sarah 

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2015 Various survey documents and unpublished materials. On file in the Archives at the 

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2006 History of Roads in Virginia. VDOT, Richmond, Virginia. Electronic document, 

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Writer’s Program of Virginia 

1992 Virginia: A Guide to the Old Dominion. Compiled by workers of the Writer’s Program of 

the Works Progress Administration in the state of Virginia. Originally published in 

1940. Reprint edition published by Virginia State Library and Archives, Richmond, 

Virginia. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-1 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND REVIEW TABLE 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number 

Property Name and 

Address 

Date of 

Construction Evaluation Status Date of Evaluation 

089-0004 Crow's Nest Farm (inc. Site, Barn 

& Cemetery) ca. 1824 Not Evaluated 

089-0038 House, Rt 608 1875 Not Evaluated 

089-0039 House, Rt 628 ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

089-0040 House, Rt 619 ca. 18550 Not Evaluated 

089-0044 Leland Farm ca. 1865 Not Eligible 6/3/2011 

089-0045 RF&P Railroad Bridge n/a Not Evaluated 

089-0048 Potomac Run Farm, 110 Grays Rd 

(Rt 626) ca. 1860 Not Eligible 

089-0055 House, Rt 608 ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

089-0056 Mount Hope Church 1904 Not Evaluated 

089-0064 House, Rt 1 ca. 1905 Not Evaluated 

089-0067 Falmouth Historic District 1727-1956 NRHP Listing; VLR Listing 

2/26/1970 – 

NRHP; 12/2/1969 

– VLR 

089-0078 Andrew Chapel 1904 Not Evaluated 

089-0107 Andrews Chapel (old) 1854 Not Evaluated 

089-0165 House, Rt 629 ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

089-0166 House, Rt 629 1903 Not Evaluated 

089-0167 Jones-Lowry House, 1717 Brooke 

Rd (Rt 629 near Andrew Chapel) ca. 1890 Not Eligible 10/26/2009 

089-0168 Winkler House ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-0169 RF&P House at Brooke ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

089-0170 School, Rt 629 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-0172 RF&P Section House, Rt 687 ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-2 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number 

Property Name and 

Address 

Date of 

Construction Evaluation Status Date of Evaluation 

089-0194 RF&P Railroad Bridge ca. 1928 Not Evaluated 

089-0195 G&D General Store (Turner's 

Grocery) 1918 Not Evaluated 

089-0277 House, 270 Butler ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-0282 Scott Cemetery/Point Myrtle 

Grove 1809 Not Evaluated 

089-0287 Highland House ca. 1875 Not Evaluated 

089-0291 Finney House ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0292 United National Real Estate Off. ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0296 Harrison House ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-5010 Bridge #6020, Rt 630, spanning 

RF&P Railroad 1917 Not Eligible 11/1/1995 

089-5032 Brooke Post Office, 1710 Brooke 

Rd (General Store) ca. 1940 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5033 Block Building, 1735 Brooke Rd ca. 1930 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5034 Groves Store, Brooke Rd ca. 1925 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5035 W. J. Payne House, 1732 Brooke 

Rd ca. 1938 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5036 House, 1810 Brooke Rd 1907 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5037 Fleming House, 1813 Brooke Rd 1944 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5038 House, 1829 Brooke Rd 1950 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5039 House, 2082 Courthouse Rd 1900 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5040 House, 15 Hamn Ln 1920 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5041 F. Mill House, 2147 Courthouse 

Rd 1894 Not Eligible 8/20/2003 

089-5043 House, 923 Forbes St ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-5049 House, 32 Diechman Lane 1900+ Not Eligible 1/18/2007 

089-5309 Berry-Limerick Cemetery, 22 

Diechman Lane 1918+ Not Evaluated 

111-0147 

Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania Co. 

Battlefields National Military Park 

& Cemetery 

1861-1865 NRHP Listing; VLR Listing 

10/15/1966 – 

NRHP; 1/6/1973 – 

VLR 

111-5295 Battle of Fredericksburg I (1862) 1862 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-3 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, ARDJ Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number 

Property Name and 

Address 

Date of 

Construction Evaluation Status Date of Evaluation 

111-5296 Battle of Fredericksburg II (1863) 1863 

Potentially Eligible/Associated 

with the Fredericksburg & 

Spotsylvania Battlefields National 

Military Park (111-0147) 

1/24/2007 

Source: Dovetail, 2015. 
 

Page 1 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

May 23, 2016 

Mr. Marc Holma 

Division of Review and Compliance 

Department of Historic Resources 

2801 Kensington Avenue 

Richmond, Virginia 22802 

RE: Resource Eligibility/ Segment 6 (Arkendale to Dahlgren Junction) 

 Southeast High Speed Rail Project, Washington, D.C. to Richmond Segment 

 DHR #2014-0666 

Dear Marc, 

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation 

(DRPT) are continuing environmental studies associated with the Tier II Environmental Impact Statement 

(EIS) for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond segment of the Southeast High Speed Rail (DC2RVA) corridor 

(Project). The limits of the Project extend from Control Point RO (MP CFP-110) in Arlington south to the 

CSX Transportation (“CSXT”) A-Line/CSXT-S-Line junction at MP A-11 in Centralia, Virginia (Chesterfield 

County), a distance of approximately 123 miles. 

This project is receiving federal funding through the FRA, requires permits issued by federal agencies 

such as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and will traverse federal land including parcels owned by the 

U.S. Marine Corps and the National Park Service, among others. Due to the involvement of these and 

several other federal entities, the undertaking requires compliance with the National Environmental 

Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended. The 

FRA sent your office a project Initiation letter on December 11, 2014, formally commencing the Section 

106 process, and the project’s Area of Potential Effects (APE) was approved by the State Historic 

Preservation Officer (SHPO) on February 2, 2015, as required by 36 CFR 800.4(a)(1). 

We are writing today to coordinate architectural identification studies within Segment 6/ Arkendale to 

Dahlgren Junction (ARDJ) of the larger Project initiative. Segment 6/ARDJ includes the span between 

Widewater State Park on the north (north of Aquia Creek) and the CSX right of way/Dahlgren Spur 

crossing on the south. Enclosed please find two hard copies and one electronic copy of the report 

entitled Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High Speed 

Rail Project, Arkendale to Dahlgren Junction (ARDJ) Segment, Stafford County. The report was authored 

by Heather Dollins Staton, Adriana Lesiuk, and M. Chris Manning with Dovetail Cultural Resource Group 

(Dovetail), a member of the DC2RVA Project Team. The report meets all standards set forth in both the 
 

Page 2 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

Secretary of Interior’s Standards and Guidelines (1983) and the Virginia Department of Historic 

Resource’s (DHR) Guidelines for Preparing Identification and Evaluation Reports (2011). 

In total, the DC2RVA Project Team surveyed 34 historic architectural resources within the architectural 

APE within the ARDJ segment. This survey identified 13 previously recorded buildings, objects, and 

districts. None have been previously listed in or determined potentially eligible/eligible for the national 

Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Six resources were determined not eligible for listing in the NRHP by 

the DHR; however, because the eligibility evaluation occurred over five years ago, these resources were 

re-evaluated during the current survey. The remaining seven previously recorded resources had not 

been formally evaluated for the NRHP by DHR. The DC2RVA Project Team also documented 21 newly 

recorded resources. A majority (n=17) are single-family dwellings constructed between 1935 and 1968; 

two commercial buildings, a fire station, and a marina were also recorded during the study. 

None of the 34 recorded resources have any known association with a known historic trend or specific 

event or a notable person. Furthermore, they have no outstanding architectural merit and are not 

known to be the work of a master. As such it is recommended that all 34 resources documented during 

the current survey are recommended not eligible for individual listing on the NHRP. (A table is attached 

showing the resource numbers, names and addresses of these resources.) 

We invite your agency to concur with these recommendations within 30 days of receipt of this letter. If 

you have questions about historic property studies for this project, please do not hesitate to contact me 

or Heather Staton at (540) 899-9170 or via email at kbarile@dovetailcrg.com/hstaton@dovetailcrg.com. 

Sincerely, 

Kerri S. Barile, Ph.D. 

President, Dovetail Cultural Resource Group 

CC: Emily Stock, DRPT 

 John Winkle, FRA 

 John Morton, HDR 

 Carey Burch, HDR 

 Stephen Walter, Parsons 
 

Page 3 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

The Virginia SHPO concurs that the following resources are not individually eligible for the NRHP, as 

recorded during the DC2RVA/Segment 6 study (DHR #2014-0666): 

089-0039 House, 738 Eskimo Hill Road 

089-0078 Andrew Chapel 

089-0167 Jones-Lowry House, 1717 Brooke Road 

089-0169 RF&P House, 223 Andrew Chapel Road 

089-0172 RF&P Section House 

089-0195 G&D General Store 

089-0282 Scott Cemetery/Point Myrtle Grove 

089-0296 Harrison House, 43 Deacon Road 

089-5033 Block building, 1735 Brooke Road 

089-5034 Groves Store, Brooke Road 

089-5035 W. J. Payne House, 1732 Brooke Road 

089-5039 House, 2082 Courthouse Road 

089-5041 F. Mill House, 2147 Courthouse Road 

089-5554 Commercial Building, 204 Thompson Avenue 

089-5555 Commercial Building, 207 Thompson Avenue 

089-5556 House, 48 Rice Road 

089-5557 House, 776 Leeland Road 

089-5558 House, 718 Eskimo Hill Road 

089-5559 House, 732 Eskimo Hill Road 

089-5560 House, 35 Old Bridge Road 

089-5561 House, 47 Old Bridge Road 

089-5562 House, 48 Old Bridge Road 

089-5563 House, 1539 Brooke Road 

089-5564 House, 77 Montague Loop 

089-5565 House, 75 Montague Loop 

089-5566 House, 57 Montague Loop 

089-5567 House, 1720 Brooke Road 

089-5568 House, 101 Mount Hope Church Road 

089-5569 Fire Station, 222 Andrew Chapel Road 

089-5570 House, 1760 Brooke Road 

089-5571 House, 1779 Brooke Road 

089-5572 House, 59 Inez Way 

089-5573 Marina, 4 Hope Springs Lane 

089-5588 House, 2092 Courthouse Road 

__________________________________________ ________________________ 

Julie Langan, Director Date 

Virginia Department of Historic Resources/Virginia State Historic Preservation Officer 
 

Page 4 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

SEGMENT 6 (ARDJ) / SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction

DC2RVA Project Team 

Determination

089-0039 House, 738 Eskimo Hill Road Stafford County ca. 1890 Not Eligible

089-0078 Andrew Chapel Stafford County 1904 Not Eligible

089-0167 Jones-Lowry House, 1717 

Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1890 Not Eligible

089-0169 RF&P House, 223 Andrew 

Chapel Road Stafford County ca. 1890 Not Eligible

089-0172 RF&P Section House Stafford County ca. 1870 Not Eligible

089-0195 G&D General Store Stafford County ca. 1918 Not Eligible

089-0282 Scott Cemetery/Point Myrtle 

Grove Stafford County 1809 Not Eligible

089-0296 Harrison House, 43 Deacon 

Road Stafford County ca. 1930 Not Eligible

089-5033 Block building, 1735 Brooke 

Road Stafford County ca. 1930 Not Eligible

089-5034 Groves Store, Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1925 Not Eligible

089-5035 W. J. Payne House, 1732 

Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1938 Not Eligible

089-5039 House, 2082 Courthouse Road Stafford County 1900 Not Eligible

089-5041 F. Mill House, 2147 

Courthouse Road Stafford County 1894 Not Eligible

089-5554 Commercial Building, 204 

Thompson Avenue Stafford County ca. 1955 Not Eligible

089-5555 Commercial Building, 207 

Thompson Avenue Stafford County ca. 1960 Not Eligible

089-5556 House, 48 Rice Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible

089-5557 House, 776 Leeland Road Stafford County ca. 1965 Not Eligible

089-5558 House, 718 Eskimo Hill Road Stafford County ca. 1930 Not Eligible

089-5559 House, 732 Eskimo Hill Road Stafford County 1948 Not Eligible
 

Page 5 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

SEGMENT 6 (ARDJ) / SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction

DC2RVA Project Team 

Determination

089-5560 House, 35 Old Bridge Road Stafford County ca. 1945 Not Eligible

089-5561 House, 47 Old Bridge Road Stafford County 1952 Not Eligible

089-5562 House, 48 Old Bridge Road Stafford County 1965 Not Eligible

089-5563 House, 1539 Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1960 Not Eligible

089-5564 House, 77 Montague Loop Stafford County 1953 Not Eligible

089-5565 House, 75 Montague Loop Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible

089-5566 House, 57 Montague Loop Stafford County ca. 1900 Not Eligible

089-5567 House, 1720 Brooke Road Stafford County ca. 1960 Not Eligible

089-5568 House, 101 Mount Hope 

Church Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible

089-5569 Fire Station, 222 Andrew 

Chapel Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible

089-5570 House, 1760 Brooke Road Stafford County 1961 Not Eligible

089-5571 House, 1779 Brooke Road Stafford County 1956 Not Eligible

089-5572 House, 59 Inez Way Stafford County ca. 1935 Not Eligible

089-5573 Marina, 4 Hope Springs Lane Stafford County ca. 1950 Not Eligible

089-5588 House, 2092 Courthouse Road Stafford County 1968 Not Eligible
DCTo 

RICHMOND 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 

Richmond, VA 23219 

SOUTHEAST HIGH SPEED RAIL 

The Virginia SHPO concurs that the following resources are not individually eligible for the NRHP, as 

recorded during the DC2RVA/Segment 6 study (DHR #2014-0666): 

089-0039 

089-0078 

089-0167 

089-0169 

089-0172 

089-0195 

089-0282 

089-0296 

089-5033 

089-5034 

089-5035 

089-5039 

089-5041 

089-5554 

089-5555 

089-5556 

089-5557 

089-5558 

089-5559 

089-5560 

089-5561 

089-5562 

089-5563 

089-5564 

089-5565 

089-5566 

089-5567 

089-5568 

089-5569 

089-5570 

089-5571 

089-5572 

089-5573 

089-5588 

House, 738 Eskimo Hill Road 

Andrew Chapel 

Jones-Lowry House, 1717 Brooke Road 

RF&P House, 223 Andrew Chapel Road 

RF&P Section House 

G&D General Store 

Scott Cemetery/Point Myrtle Grove 

Harrison House, 43 Deacon Road 

Block building, 1735 Brooke Road 

Groves Store, Brooke Road 

W. J. Payne House, 1732 Brooke Road 

House, 2082 Courthouse Road 

F. Mill House, 2147 Courthouse Road 

Commercial Building, 204 Thompson Avenue 

Commercial Building, 207 Thompson Avenue 

House, 48 Rice Road 

House, 776 Leeland Road 

House, 718 Eskimo Hill Road 

House, 732 Eskimo Hill Road 

House, 35 Old Bridge Road 

House, 47 Old Bridge Road 

House, 48 Old Bridge Road 

House, 1539 Brooke Road 

House, 77 Montague Loop 

House, 75 Montague Loop 

House, 57 Montague Loop 

House, 1720 Brooke Road 

House, 101 Mount Hope Church Road 

Fire Station, 222 Andrew Chapel Road 

House, 1760 Brooke Road 

House, 1779 Brooke Road 

House, 59 Inez Way 

Marina, 4 Hope Springs Lane 

-House, 2092 Courthouse Road 

Date 

epartment of Historic Resources/Virginia State Historic Preservation Officer 

•DRP1• ~""' U.S. Deportment of Transportatton 

~ Federal Railroad Administration Page 3