Appendix D Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 

and Resilience 
D-1 June 2021

Appendix D: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 

and Resilience

D.1 INTRODUCTION

This document provides additional detail on the methodology and assumptions used for the air 

quality, greenhouse gas, and resilience analyses FRA prepared for the Western Rail Yard 

Infrastructure Project (see Chapter 7, “Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Resilience”). 

D.2 POLLUTANTS FOR ANALYSIS

Ambient air quality is affected by air pollutants produced by both motor vehicles and stationary 

sources. Emissions from motor vehicles are referred to as mobile source emissions, while 

emissions from fixed facilities are referred to as stationary source emissions. Ambient 

concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) are predominantly influenced by mobile source 

emissions. Particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides 

(nitric oxide [NO] and nitrogen dioxide [NO2], collectively referred to as NOx) are emitted from both 

mobile and stationary sources. Fine PM is also formed when emissions of NOx, sulfur oxides 

(SOx), ammonia, organic compounds, and other gases react or condense in the atmosphere. 

Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) are associated mainly with stationary sources, and some 

sources utilizing non-road diesel such as large international marine engines. On-road diesel 

vehicles currently contribute very little to SO2 emissions since the sulfur content of on-road diesel 

fuel, which is federally regulated, is extremely low. Tropospheric ozone is formed in the 

atmosphere by complex photochemical processes that include NOx and VOCs. Ambient 

concentrations of CO, PM, NO2, SO2, ozone, and lead are regulated by the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (USEPA) under the Clean Air Act (CAA), and are referred to as ‘criteria 

pollutants’; emissions of VOCs, NOx, and other precursors to criteria pollutants are also regulated 

by USEPA.

D.2.1 CARBON MONOXIDE

CO, a colorless and odorless gas, is produced in the urban environment primarily by the 

incomplete combustion of gasoline and other fossil fuels. In urban areas, approximately 80 to 90 

percent of CO emissions are from motor vehicles. CO concentrations can diminish rapidly over 

relatively short distances; elevated concentrations are usually limited to locations near crowded 

intersections, heavily traveled, and congested roadways, parking lots, and garages. 

Consequently, CO concentrations from mobile sources are generally analyzed on a local 

(microscale) basis.

The Preferred Alternative is not expected to significantly alter traffic conditions; therefore, FRA 

determined that a quantified assessment of mobile CO concentrations is not warranted. However, 

FRA did analyze potential CO concentrations from the Platform ventilation system as well as 

construction sources (i.e., on-site construction equipment and on-road construction vehicles). 
June 2021 D-2 

D.2.2 NITROGEN OXIDES, VOCS, AND OZONE

NOx emissions are of principal concern because of their role, together with VOCs, as precursors 

in the formation of ozone. Ozone is formed through a series of reactions that take place in the 

atmosphere in the presence of sunlight. Because the reactions are slow, and occur as the 

pollutants are advected downwind, elevated ozone levels are often found many miles from sources 

of the precursor pollutants. The effects of NOx and VOC emissions from all sources are therefore 

generally examined on a regional basis. The contribution of any action or project to regional 

emissions of these pollutants would include any added stationary or mobile source emissions.

In addition to being a precursor to the formation of ozone, NO2 (one component of NOx) is also a 

regulated pollutant. Since NO2 is mostly formed from the transformation of NO in the atmosphere, 

it has generally been of concern further downwind from large stationary point sources, and not a 

local concern from mobile sources. (NOx emissions from fuel combustion consist of approximately 

90 percent NO and 10 percent NO2 at the source.) However, with the promulgation of the 2010 1-

hour average standard for NO2, local sources, such as vehicular emissions, may also be of 

concern. 

The Preferred Alternative would not have a significant effect on the overall volume of vehicular 

travel in the metropolitan area; therefore, FRA determined that there would be no measurable 

impact on regional NOx emissions, ozone levels, or NO2 emissions predicted from mobile sources. 

FRA evaluated the potential impacts on local NO2 concentrations from continuous emissions 

associated with the Platform ventilation systems as well as emissions from construction sources.

D.2.2.1 1-HOUR NO2 

The 1-hour average NAAQS for NO2 was promulgated in 2010. As a result, local ground-level 

sources of this pollutant, such as non-road construction sources, may be a focus of analysis in the 

future. However, for non-road construction sources, the monthly/annual variation in the types of 

equipment deployed on the construction site and the utilization of the equipment fluctuates on an 

hourly basis—making it difficult to quantify emissions from such sources in any given hour. In 

addition, the statistical basis of the 1-hour NO2 standard (a three-year statistical average of 

modeled concentrations), makes it difficult to accurately model construction sources. The reason 

for this is that construction equipment—unlike stationary air pollution sources (such as an exhaust 

stack on a building) that operate on a regular basis at a defined location—moves throughout the 

Project Site over the entire construction period. This is especially true for Platform work which will 

be sequenced to optimize track outages (i.e., four tracks out of service at a time and advance in 

a linear fashion). USEPA guidance on modeling 1-hour NO2 discusses intermittent emissions,

1

stating that the intermittent nature of the actual emissions... in many cases, when coupled with 

the probabilistic form of the standard, could result in modeled impacts being significantly higher 

than actual impacts would realistically be expected to be for these emission scenarios.2 

Furthermore, USEPA recommends that compliance demonstrations for the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS 

be based on emission scenarios that can logically be assumed to be relatively continuous or which 

occur frequently enough to contribute significantly to the annual distribution of daily maximum 1-

hour concentrations.3 

1 USEPA Memorandum, “Additional Clarification Regarding Application of Appendix W, Modeling Guidance 

for the 1-Hour NO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standard,” March 1, 2011.

2 Ibid. 

3 Ibid. 
Appendix D: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Resilience

D-3 June 2021

This is not the case with equipment operating episodically at various locations across a 

construction site. Moreover, substantial uncertainty still exists as to 1-hour NO2 background 

concentrations at ground level, especially near roadways, since these concentrations have not yet

been adequately measured by NYSDEC and no attainment determinations have been made by

USEPA although initial monitored concentrations are below the NAAQS. Therefore, given the 

limitations on information available regarding NO2 near-road background values, and the current 

lack of guidance and uncertainties regarding analysis methodologies, a 1-hour NO2 analysis was 

not conducted for construction sources.

D.2.3 LEAD 

Airborne lead emissions are currently associated principally with industrial sources. The CAA has 

banned lead in gasoline, and the Preferred Alternative would not emit lead from any other 

component. Therefore, FRA determined that an analysis of this pollutant was not warranted.

D.2.4 RESPIRABLE PARTICULATE MATTER—PM10 AND PM2.5

PM is a broad class of air pollutants that includes discrete particles with a wide range of sizes and 

chemical compositions, as either liquid droplets (aerosols) or solids suspended in the atmosphere.

The constituents of PM are both numerous and varied, and they are emitted from a wide variety 

of sources (both natural and anthropogenic). Natural sources include the condensed and reacted 

forms of naturally occurring VOCs; salt particles resulting from the evaporation of sea spray; windborne pollen, fungi, molds, algae, yeasts, rusts, bacteria, and material from live and decaying plant 

and animal life; particles eroded from beaches, soil, and rock; and particles emitted from volcanic 

and geothermal eruptions and from forest fires. Naturally occurring PM is generally greater than 

2.5 micrometers in diameter. Major anthropogenic sources include the combustion of fossil fuels 

(e.g., vehicular exhaust, power generation, boilers, engines, and home heating), chemical, and 

manufacturing processes, construction activities, agricultural activities, as well as wood-burning 

stoves and fireplaces. PM also acts as a substrate for the adsorption (accumulation of gases, 

liquids, or solutes on the surface of a solid or liquid) of other pollutants, often toxic, and some likely 

carcinogenic compounds. 

As described below, USEPA regulates PM in two size categories: particles with an aerodynamic 

diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) and particles with an aerodynamic 

diameter of less than or equal to 10 micrometers (PM10, which includes PM2.5). PM2.5 has the 

ability to reach the lower regions of the respiratory tract, delivering with it other compounds that 

adsorb to the surfaces of the particles, and is also extremely persistent in the atmosphere. PM2.5

is mainly derived from combustion material that has volatilized and then condensed to form 

primary PM (often soon after the release from a source) or from precursor gases reacting in the 

atmosphere to form secondary PM. 

Gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles, especially heavy duty trucks and buses operating on diesel 

fuel, are significant sources of respirable PM, most of which is PM2.5; PM concentrations may 

consequently be locally elevated near roadways. The Preferred Alternative would not result in any 

permanent significant increases in truck traffic near the Project Site or in the region. Therefore, FRA 

determined that an analysis of potential PM concentrations from mobile sources was not warranted. 

FRA evaluated the potential impacts on local PM concentrations from continuous emissions 

associated with the Platform ventilation systems as well as construction sources.

D.2.5 SULFUR DIOXIDE

SO2 emissions are primarily associated with the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels (oil and 

coal). SO2 is also of concern as a precursor to PM2.5 and is regulated by USEPA as a PM2.5

precursor under the New Source Review permitting program for large sources. Due to the federal 

restrictions on the sulfur content in diesel fuel for on-road and non-road vehicles, no significant 

quantities of SO2 are emitted from vehicular sources; therefore, analysis of SO2 from mobile 

sources is not warranted. 
June 2021 D-4 

As part of the Project, the emergency generators would utilize ultra-low sulfur distillate (ULSD) fuel oil; 

which has a negligible level of sulfur; therefore, impacts of SO2 would not be significant. In addition, 

since USEPA mandates the use of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD)4 fuel for all highway and nonroad 

diesel engines, sulfur oxides SOx emitted from the Preferred Alternative’s construction activities 

would be negligible. Nevertheless the CEQR Technical Manual identifies SO2 emissions associated 

with the use of fuel oil; therefore, potential regional emissions of SO2 from stationary sources were 

examined.

D.3 OPERATIONAL AIR QUALITY

D.3.1 LIFE SAFETY EQUIPMENT

The Preferred Alternative would include the operation of five emergency diesel generators to 

provide emergency power to critical functions in the WRY, including the ventilation system, in the 

event of a power failure. Three generators, each rated at 2,500 kilowatts (kW), would serve the 

Western Rail Yard Infrastructure Project, while two generators, each rated at 2,000 kW, would 

provide service to the Eastern Rail Yard site, replacing two existing diesel generators, with the 

new generators located near the WRY generators. The Project Sponsor would design these new 

generators to meet applicable air quality standards, which would be equipped with selective 

catalytic reduction for control of NOx. Furthermore, the emergency generators would be regulated 

under the federal New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) under 40 CFR 60 IIII for Stationary 

Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines and would comply NOx, CO, PM10, and PM2.5

emission limits. 

The generators would provide power to the LIRR ventilation systems in the event of a utility power 

interruption. Under normal conditions, LIRR would operate the generators intermittently for short 

times to ensure their reliability and availability in the event of a power outage. 

USEPA has determined that the nature of intermittent sources “when coupled with the probabilistic 

form of the” NO2 1-hour standard may not contribute significantly to the annual distribution of daily 

maximum 1-hour concentrations, and recommends that compliance demonstrations consider 

emission scenarios that can be assumed to be relatively continuous or with a significant frequency. 

Subsequently, FRA does not consider emissions from the diesel generators to be significant on 

an annual or daily basis due to their limited usage, and no further analysis is warranted.

D.3.2 PLATFORM VENTILATION SYSTEM

The Project Sponsor has designed the ventilation system for the Preferred Alternative to maintain 

safe conditions for LIRR employees. In the event of a fire or smoke emergency, the ventilation 

system would provide safe egress and aid firefighting response. The design would incorporate a 

series of exhaust and make-up fan plants (the Northwest, Northeast, and Southeast fan plant) 

connected to intake and discharge louvers. The ventilation system design includes fan plants 

connected to a series of plenums and ducts, integrated into the Platform structure. 

Additionally, the Northwest Fan Plant would include localized exhaust hoods in order to directly 

vent locomotive engine exhaust when firing diesel fuel. Currently, LIRR operates train service 

to/from eastern Long Island where no electrified rail service is available. Trains on these lines use 

two 3,000 hp EMD DM-30 dual mode locomotives (at the front and rear of the train) to provide 

direct service between eastern Long Island and Penn Station using both the eastern nonelectrified rails and the western electrified rails. The EMD DM-30 locomotives are fitted with 

USEPA Tier I locomotive engines. 

4 USEPA required a major reduction in the sulfur content of diesel fuel intended for use in locomotive, marine, 

and nonroad engines and equipment, including construction equipment. As of 2015, the diesel fuel 

produced by all large refiners, small refiners, and importers must be ULSD fuel, with sulfur levels in nonroad 

diesel fuel limited to a maximum of 15 parts per million.
Appendix D: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Resilience

D-5 June 2021

In coordination with LIRR, FRA assumed five dual-mode trains would arrive at the WRY for 

morning service to Penn Station and would subsequently be stored in the WRY until evening 

service return trips to eastern Long Island. While parked in the WRY, the dual-mode trains would 

operate a single EMD DM-30 engine firing diesel fuel. The localized exhaust hoods would be 

placed over locations where LIRR dual-mode locomotives would park in the railyard, and 

emissions would exhaust to ambient air. FRA assumed that all locomotive engine emissions would 

be exhausted from a single Fan Plant location. Therefore, FRA performed a refined analysis of 

the locomotive emissions for each of the three Fan Plant locations.

Based on previous information provided by LIRR, FRA assumed that trains would be operating at 

a low idle load of 0.3 percent (approximately 10 hp for the EMD DM-30 locomotive) to provide 

electrical power between 8 AM and 3 PM. Over the three hour period between 3 PM and 6 PM, 

engines LIRR would perform 15-minute pre-run testing for each engine before departing Penn 

Station. FRA estimated the 15-minute average engine load (and subsequently, the 1-hour average 

engine load) based on a representative notch profile (see Table D-1.) Within the first hour of this 

period (3 PM to 4 PM), FRA assumed two trains would each perform the 15-minute pre-run test 

and depart the WRY and the remaining three trains would continue idle operations. Similarly, FRA 

assumed two trains would depart the WRY in the next hour (4 PM to 5 PM) and the remaining 

single train would continue idle operations. FRA assumed the remaining train would depart the 

WRY in the last hour (5 PM to 6 PM). 

Table D-1

Representative Pre-Run Test Notch Profile

Notch Average Load Percent Time by Notch

Idle 0.3% 59.8%

1 5% 12.4%

2 10% 12.3%

3 24% 5.8%

4 35% 3.6%

5 46% 3.6%

6 68% 1.5%

7 86% 0.2%

8 100% 0.8%

Average Load Factors

15-Minute Average Load 8.3%

1-Hour Average Load 2.3%

D.3.2.1 EMISSION RATES AND STACK PARAMETERS

The NOx, PM (both PM2.5 and PM10), and CO emissions profile for the Platform ventilation system 

over a typical day are presented in Table D-2. 

Table D-2

Diesel Exhaust Hood System Emission Profile (g/s)

Time Period NOx PM CO

12 AM–8 AM(1) 0.000 0.000 0.000

8 AM–3 PM 0.093 0.003 0.028

3 PM–4 PM 0.340 0.010 0.101

4 PM–5 PM 0.303 0.009 0.090

5 PM–6 PM 0.142 0.004 0.042

6 PM–12 AM(1) 0.000 0.000 0.000

Notes:

Emissions represent total emissions from all diesel locomotives operating within the WRY site.

(1) LIRR do not store dual-mode locomotives at the WRY site overnight (from 6 PM to 8 AM the following 

day). Therefore, FRA modeled no diesel exhaust emissions during the overnight period.
June 2021 D-6 

D.3.2.2 BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS

To estimate the maximum expected total pollutant concentrations, FRA added the modeled 

concentrations from the emission sources to a background value that accounts for existing 

pollutant concentrations from other sources (see Table D-3). The background levels are based on 

concentrations monitored at the nearest NYSDEC ambient air monitoring stations over the most 

recent three-year period for which data are available (2017–2019), with the exception of annual 

NO2, which is based on five years of data, consistent with current DEP guidance (2015–2019).

For the 24-hour PM10 concentration the highest of the second-highest measured value over the 

three-year period will be used, consistent with applicable guidance. PM2.5 impacts are assessed 

on an incremental basis and will be compared with the CEQR Technical Manual PM2.5 de minimis 

criteria (see Chapter 12, Section 412). The PM2.5 24-hour average background concentration of 

19.67 μg/m3 (based on the 98th percentile concentrations, averaged over 2017 to 2019 was used 

to establish the CEQR Technical Manual de minimis value.

Table D-3

Maximum Background Pollutant Concentrations

Pollutant Average Period Location

Concentration 

(μg/m3) NAAQS (μg/m3)

NO2

1-hour IS 52, Bronx 110.6 188

Annual IS 52, Bronx 37.9 100

PM2.5 

24-hour Division Street, Manhattan 19.67 35

Annual Division Street, Manhattan 9.0 12

PM10 24-hour Division Street, Manhattan 38 150

Source: New York State Air Quality Report Ambient Air Monitoring System, NYSDEC, 2015–2019.

D.3.2.3 MODEL SELECTION

As prescribed in Appendix B, “Methodology Report,” Chapter 4, “Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas 

Emissions, and Resilience,” FRA evaluated potential air quality impacts from the Platform 

ventilation system using the USEPA American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection 

Agency Regulated Model (AERMOD) Version 19191.5 AERMOD is a state-of-the-art dispersion 

model, applicable to rural and urban areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated 

releases, and multiple sources (including point, area, and volume sources). AERMOD is a steadystate plume model that incorporates current concepts about flow and dispersion in complex terrain, 

including updated treatments of the boundary layer theory, understanding of turbulence and 

dispersion, and includes handling of terrain interactions. AERMOD calculates pollutant 

concentrations from one or more points (e.g., exhaust stacks) based on hourly meteorological 

data, and has the capability to calculate pollutant concentrations at locations where the plume 

from the exhaust stack is affected by the aerodynamic wakes and eddies (downwash) produced 

by nearby structures. FRA performed the analysis of potential impacts from exhaust stacks 

assuming stack tip downwash, urban dispersion and surface roughness length (using an urban 

population of 8,000,000), with and without building downwash, and elimination of calms. AERMOD 

also incorporates the algorithms from the PRIME model, which is designed to predict impacts in 

the “cavity region” (i.e., the area around a structure which under certain conditions may affect an 

exhaust plume, causing a portion of the plume to become entrained in a recirculation region). FRA 

used the Building Profile Input Program (BPIP) program for the PRIME model (BPIPRM) to 

determine the projected building dimensions modeling with the building downwash algorithm 

enabled. The modeling of downwash from sources accounts for all obstructions within a radius 

equal to five obstruction heights of the stack.

5 USEPA. User’s Guide for the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD). Office of Air Quality Planning and 

Standards. USEPA-454/B-19-027. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. August 2019.
Appendix D: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Resilience

D-7 June 2021

D.3.2.4 NO2 CONCENTRATIONS

As described in Chapter 4 of Appendix B, FRA estimated 1-hour NO2 concentrations from the 

Platform ventilation systems using the AERMOD model’s Plume Volume Molar Ratio Method 

(PVMRM) module to analyze chemical transformation within the model. The PVMRM module 

incorporates hourly background ozone concentrations to estimate NOx transformation within the 

source plume. FRA obtained ozone concentrations from the Queens College NYSDEC monitoring 

station. FRA selected the Queen College station as the most representative ozone monitoring 

station that has complete five years of hourly data available. NO2 locomotive engine emissions 

generally range from 5 to 17 percent of total NOx.

6,7 Therefore, FRA conservatively assumed an 

initial NO2 to NOx ratio of 20 percent at the exhaust stack.

The potential NO2 1-hour concentrations represent the five-year average of the annual 98th 

percentile of the maximum daily 1-hour average, added to background concentrations for each 

hour.

Annual NO2 concentrations from stationary sources will be estimated assuming that all NOx

emitted by these operations is fully transformed to NO2, following USEPA’s Tier 1 guidance.

8

D.3.2.5 METEROLOGICAL DATA

FRA use meteorological data provided by NYSDEC. The data set consists of five consecutive 

years of meteorological data, with surface data collected at LaGuardia Airport, and concurrent 

upper air data collected at Brookhaven, New York. The meteorological data provide hour-by-hour 

wind speeds and directions, stability states, and temperature inversion elevation over the five-year 

period.

D.3.2.6 RECEPTOR PLACEMENT

FRA modeled discrete receptors (i.e., locations at which concentrations are calculated) along 

existing and future building façades to represent potentially sensitive locations such as operable 

windows and intake vents. Rows of receptors were spaced at regular intervals on the modeled 

buildings and multiple elevations. FRA also placed receptors at publicly accessible ground-level 

locations, including sidewalks and open spaces.

6 Matthew A. Breuer, Daniel A. Burgard. “Bridge-based Remote Sensing of NOx Emissions from 

Locomotives.” Atmospheric Environment 198 (2019) 77-82.

7 Sierra Club. AERMOD Modeling of Air Quality Impacts of the Proposed Morrow Pacific Project. October, 

2012.

8 EPA. Memorandum: Clarification on the use of AERMOD Dispersion Modeling for Demonstrating 

Compliance with the NO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standard. September 30, 2014. 
June 2021 D-8 

D.4 CONSTRUCTION AIR QUALITY

D.4.1 ON-SITE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT 

To determine which construction periods constitute the worst-case periods for the pollutants of 

concern (PM, CO, NO2), FRA calculated construction-related emissions for each calendar year 

throughout the duration of construction on a rolling annual and peak day basis for PM2.5. PM2.5 is 

selected for determining the worst-case periods for all pollutants analyzed, because the ratio of 

predicted PM2.5 incremental concentrations to impact criteria is anticipated to be higher than for 

other pollutants. Therefore, FRA used initial estimates of PM2.5 emissions throughout the 

construction years for determining the worst-case periods for analysis of all pollutants. Generally, 

emission patterns of PM10 and NO2 would follow PM2.5 emissions, since they scale with diesel 

engine horsepower. While CO emissions may have a somewhat different pattern, FRA anticipates 

them to be highest during periods when the most activity would occur. Based on the resulting 

multi-year profiles of annual average and peak day average emissions of PM2.5, FRA identified 

March 2023 and the 12-month period from June 2022 to May 2023 as the worst-case short-term 

and annual period, respectively, since the highest project-wide emissions were predicted in these 

periods. During the worst-case short-term period, Platform construction activities at Tracks 23 to 

26 are projected to occur simultaneously with the Tunnel Encasement activities; during the worstcase annual period, Platform construction activities at Tracks 23 to 30 are projected to occur 

simultaneously with the Tunnel Encasement activities. 

FRA analyzed dispersion of the relevant air pollutants from the construction area during these 

periods. The chapter also presents broader conclusions regarding potential concentrations during 

non-peak construction periods, which FRA did not model, based on the multi-year emissions 

profiles and the modeled peak period results.

D.4.1.1 ENGINE EMISSIONS

Based on the construction activity schedule developed for the Preferred Alternative (see 

Attachments 1 to 3 to this appendix), FRA estimated the sizes, types, and number of units of 

construction equipment. FRA developed emission rates for NOX, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 from truck 

engines using the USEPA Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES2014b) emission model.

9

Using the NONROAD emission module included in the MOVES2014b emission model, FRA 

developed emission factors for NOx, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 from on-site construction engines, 

which include exhaust and crankcase emissions.

D.4.1.2 DUST EMISSIONS 

FRA also calculated dust emissions from construction activities (e.g., excavation, grading, and 

transferring of excavated materials into dump trucks) based on USEPA procedures delineated in 

AP-42 Table 13.2.3-1.10 

9 USEPA, Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES), User Guide for MOVES2014a, November 2015. *The 

user guide was not updated for the MOVES 2014b emission model.

10 USEPA, Compilations of Air Pollutant Emission Factors AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point 

and Area Sources, Ch. 13.2.1, NC, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42, January 2011.
Appendix D: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Resilience

D-9 June 2021

D.4.1.3 SOURCE SIMULATION

For short-term model scenarios (predicting concentration averages for periods of 24 hours or less), 

all stationary sources, such as compressors, pumps, or concrete trucks, which idle in a single 

location while unloading, were simulated as point sources. FRA simulated other engines, which 

would move around the site on any given day, as area sources. For periods of 8 hours or less 

(less than the length of a shift), the analysis assumed that all engines would be active 

simultaneously. All sources would move around the site throughout the year and were therefore 

be simulated as area sources in the annual analyses. 

D.4.1.4 ON-ROAD SOURCES ASSESSMENT

Since emissions from on‐site construction equipment and on‐road construction‐related vehicles 

may contribute to concentration increments concurrently, on‐road emissions adjacent to the 

construction sites were included with the on‐site AERMOD dispersion analysis (in addition to on‐

site truck and non‐road engine activity) to address all local project‐related emissions cumulatively.

D.4.2 CONSTRUCTION MESOSCALE ANALYSIS 

The pollutants of concern on a regional basis are CO, PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2, and VOCs. FRA 

calculated emissions from on-road construction trucks and worker vehicles and from non-road 

construction equipment on an annual basis for each year of the Preferred Alternative’s 

construction period based on the emissions modeling procedures described above for the 

microscale analysis.

D.5 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND RESILIENCY

D.5.1 OPERATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Based on the design of the Platform ventilation systems, FRA conservatively assumed the fan 

equipment would operate at capacity throughout the year. The equipment capacity and annual 

estimated usage are presented in Table D-4. 

Table D-4

Platform Ventilation System

Electricity Consumption

Fan Plant Plant Capacity (kW) Annual Electricity Consumption (kWh)

Northwest Fan Plant 1,566 13,718,121

Northeast Fan Plant 671 5,879,195

Southeast Fan Plant 447 3,919,463

Diesel Hood Exhaust Fans 268 2,351,678

Western Rail Yard Total 2,953 25,868,456

FRA used an emission factor of 0.289 kg CO2e per kWh based on Citywide electrical consumption 

and their associated GHG emissions.11 The electricity use associated with the Platform ventilation 

system, emission factors, and resulting GHG emissions associated with the Platform’s ventilation 

systems would result in 7 thousand metric tons of CO2e per year. Electricity emission factor 

conservatively assumed represented the latest data available for New York City and not the future 

build year. Therefore, FRA expects future emissions to be lower as GHG emissions associated 

with the generation of electricity is reduced with increased renewable energy and the elimination 

of high emission fuels.

11 The City of New York Mayor’s Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability. Inventory of New York City 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2019. https://nyc-ghg-inventory.cusp.nyu.edu/
June 2021 D-10

CONSTRUCTION GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

The number of vehicle trips by mode (i.e., worker vehicles, construction-related trucks) generated 

by construction under the Preferred Alternative was calculated using worker and truck estimates, 

worker modal splits (how the workers access the site per mode of transportation: automobile, 

transit, or walking), and the average vehicle occupancy. FRA then used these vehicle trips to 

develop annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) associated with commuting workers and 

construction-related truck trips. An average round-trip commute distance of 25.3 miles (based on 

the average trip to work distance for the New York Metropolitan Area)12 for construction workers 

in the New York City Region was used. FRA based the distances for truck deliveries on estimates 

of the origin and destination of materials for the Preferred Alternative provided by the Project 

Sponsor. FRA used Table 18-8 of the CEQR Technical Manual to determine the percentage of 

vehicle miles traveled by road type and the USEPA’s MOVES2014b model to obtain an estimate 

of car and truck GHG emission factors used to calculate the associated emissions attributable to 

the Preferred Alternative.

The Preferred Alternative would result in construction worker travel of 11,257,080 VMT.

Additionally, the Preferred Alternative would result in construction truck trips totaling 11,850,180 

VMT. FRA used these data as the basis for the GHG emissions calculations from mobile sources, 

applying emission factors as described above for operational mobile source emissions.

FRA estimated on-site emissions from non-road construction engines based on specific estimates 

of construction activity and fuel consumption data from USEPA’s NONROAD emissions model. 

To estimate total fuel consumption throughout the duration of construction activities, FRA used 

the detailed schedule data of non-road construction engines, including the number, type, power 

rating, and hours of operation for all construction engines provided by the Project Sponsor coupled 

with fuel consumption rate data from USEPA’s NONROAD model. FRA estimated that non-road 

construction engines would require approximately 1.5 million gallons of diesel equivalent 

throughout the duration of construction. FRA then multiplied the quantity of fuel by an emission 

factor of 10.30 kilograms CO2e per gallon of diesel fuel.13

FRA based estimates of upstream emissions related to the production of construction materials 

on the expected quantity of iron or steel and cement. Although the Preferred Alternative will use 

other materials, cement and metals have the largest embodied energy and direct GHG emissions 

associated with their production, and substantial quantities would be used for the Preferred 

Alternative.

The Project Sponsor estimated that construction would require 13,596 metric tons of cement. FRA 

applied an emission factor of 0.928 metric tons of CO2e per metric ton of cement produced to 

estimate emissions associated with energy consumption and process emissions for cement 

production.14 The precise origin of cement for the Preferred Alternative is unknown at this time; 

the Project Sponsor’s Contractor will would select the cement vendor at the time of construction. 

12 NYSDOT. 2009 NHTS, New York State Add-On. Key Tables. Table 3: Average Travel Day Person-Trip 

Length by Mode and Purpose, trip-to work distance for SOV in NYMTC 10-county area. 2011.

13 EPA. Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories. 26 March 2020. 

14 The Portland Cement Association. Life Cycle Inventory of Portland Cement Manufacture. 2006. 
Appendix D: Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Resilience

D-11 June 2021

The Project Sponsor estimated that construction would require 7,716 metric tons of steel and other 

metals (e.g., structural, rebar, aluminum). FRA applied an emission factor of 0.6 metric tons of 

CO2e per metric ton of steel product produced to estimate emissions associated with production 

energy consumption,15 and 0.65 metric tons of CO2e per metric ton of steel product produced for 

process emissions associated with steel production were applied.16

RESILIENCE 

The Preferred Alternative would introduce critical infrastructure—the Platform over the railyard 

and the Tunnel Encasement—with very long design lifespans (assumed to be greater than 100 

years). Accordingly, FRA reviewed the Preferred Alternative in the context of climate scenarios 

projected for 2100. FRA also considered interim years (2050s, 2080s) for adaptive resilience 

design (i.e., considering potential future resilience measures if necessary which may not be 

implemented by the 2030 analysis year).

FRA considered flooding impacts on the Preferred Alternative as well as any potential impact for 

affecting other uses by reviewing the elevations of infrastructure and uses introduced by the 

Preferred Alternative. Furthermore, FRA considered relevant protection measures and identified

any potential vulnerabilities or potential flooding risks. 

The assessment will include considerations of current and future projections of sea level rise, 

storm surge, temperature, and precipitation as determined by local, state, federal agencies. Areas 

of the Preferred Alternative that would be effected were identified and the severity of the effects 

were discussed. 

15 Arpad Horvath et al. Pavement Life-cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic Effects, 

Consortium on Green Design and Manufacturing. UC Berkeley. 2007.

16 Based on 42.3 teragrams of CO2e emitted and 65,460 thousand tons produced; Source: EPA. Inventory 

of U.S. Climate Change and Sinks: 1990–2009. April 15, 2011. 
Western Railyard Platform

Construction Equipment Information

Start

Date

End

Date

Engine

Type Size (hp) NONROAD SCC Daily use Average Use Average Engine Load

PM25 Factor

(g/hp-hr)

PM10 Factor

(g/hp-hr)

NOx Factor

(g/hp-hr)

VOC Factor

(g/hp-hr)

CO Factor

(g/hp-hr)

SO2 Factor

(g/hp-hr)

Fuel Factor 

(gal/hp-hr)

Excavator w/ Hoe Ram 2 Oct-21 Feb-26 diesel 150 2270002036175 75% 50% 59% 0.5900 0.0239 0.4027 0.0104 0.1404 0.0021 0.0312

Backhoe 2 Oct-21 Feb-26 diesel 92 2270002066100 75% 50% 21% 0.2100 0.0598 0.5680 0.1121 0.4572 0.0011 0.0144

Concrete Pump 1 Oct-21 Feb-26 diesel 110 2270006010175 75% 25% 43% 0.4300 0.1040 1.1785 0.1042 0.5952 0.0018 0.0225

Hydraulic Rough Terrain Crane 1 Oct-21 Feb-26 diesel 280 2270002045300 75% 50% 43% 0.4300 0.0100 0.1465 0.0155 0.0406 0.0016 0.0225

Generator 2 Nov-21 May-25 diesel 100 2270006005100 100% 75% 43% 0.4300 0.0719 1.0673 0.1336 0.4339 0.0020 0.0250

Crawler Crane 1 Dec-21 Jun-25 diesel 362 2270002069600 75% 100% 59% 0.5900 0.0103 0.1357 0.0227 0.0472 0.0022 0.0312

Caisson Drill Rig 4 Jan-22 Jul-25 diesel 580 2270002033600 100% 75% 43% 0.0298 0.0272 0.4334 0.0805 0.1324 0.0018 0.0225

Air Compressor 8 Feb-22 Aug-25 diesel 50 227000601550 100% 75% 43% 0.0155 0.0123 0.7645 0.0454 0.1067 0.0017 0.0250

Compressor-Generator 2 Oct-21 Feb-26 diesel 50 227000600550 75% 70% 43% 0.4300 0.0571 1.0127 0.1097 0.3015 0.0019 0.0250

Hand Tools 10 Jan-22 Feb-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Bar Bending Machine 1 Oct-21 Feb-26 gasoline 50 226500304075 75% 20% 54% 0.5400 0.0229 0.4109 0.4376 3.6251 0.0705 0.0423

Concrete Vibrators 1 Oct-21 Feb-26 electric 20A N/A 75% 10% N/A 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Concrete Finishers 2 Oct-21 Feb-26 gasoline 5 226000304025 75% 10% 54% 0.5400 1.7597 0.5257 2.3535 51.3283 0.1035 0.0723

Hand Tools 3 Jun-22 Feb-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

350T Crawler Crane 2 Jun-22 Feb-26 diesel 365 2270002069600 75% 70% 59% 0.0124 0.0102 0.1346 0.0227 0.0468 0.0022 0.0312

Welding Generator 2 May-24 Nov-24 diesel 25 227000600525 90% 70% 43% 0.0537 0.0554 0.9579 0.1987 0.4337 0.0023 0.0250

Welder Rack 1 May-24 Nov-24 electric N/A N/A 90% 70% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 10 Aug-22 Feb-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

HiRail Bucket Truck 4 Aug-22 Feb-26 diesel 270 2270002081300 75% 75% 59% 0.0287 0.0235 0.2882 0.0297 0.0990 0.0022 0.0312

Cable Pulling Trailer 1 Aug-22 Feb-26 diesel 270 2270002081300 75% 15% 59% 0.0287 0.0235 0.2882 0.0297 0.0990 0.0022 0.0312

Welders 5 Aug-22 Feb-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 25% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Excavator w/ Hoe Ram 2 Oct-21 Jun-23 diesel 150 2270002036175 75% 50% 59% 0.5900 0.0239 0.4027 0.0104 0.1404 0.0021 0.0312

Bobcat 2 Oct-21 Jun-23 diesel 92 2270002072100 75% 50% 21% 0.2100 0.0858 0.6108 0.1680 0.5632 0.0011 0.0144

Generator 2 Jan-22 Aug-24 diesel 100 2270006005100 50% 50% 43% 0.0757 0.0719 1.0673 0.1336 0.4339 0.0020 0.0250

Crawler Crane 1 Jan-22 Aug-24 diesel 362 2270002069600 100% 100% 59% 0.0125 0.0103 0.1357 0.0227 0.0472 0.0022 0.0312

Excavator 4 Jan-22 Aug-24 diesel 200 2270002036300 100% 100% 59% 0.0198 0.0172 0.1811 0.0094 0.0665 0.0021 0.0312

SOE Drill Rig 2 Jan-22 Dec-22 diesel 300 2270002033300 75% 75% 43% 0.0368 0.0340 0.5075 0.0757 0.1588 0.0018 0.0225

Jet grout Drill Rig 2 Dec-22 May-23 diesel 300 2270002033300 75% 75% 43% 0.0368 0.0340 0.5075 0.0757 0.1588 0.0018 0.0225

Compressor-Generator 8 Jun-22 Feb-24 diesel 150 227000600550 100% 70% 43% 0.0644 0.0571 1.0127 0.1097 0.3015 0.0019 0.0250

Hand Tools 10 Jun-22 Feb-24 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Bar Bending Machine 1 Jun-22 Feb-24 gasoline 50 226500304075 75% 20% 54% 0.0210 0.0229 0.4109 0.4376 3.6251 0.0705 0.0423

Concrete Vibrators 1 Jun-22 Feb-24 electric N/A N/A 75% 10% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Concrete Finishers 2 Jun-22 Feb-24 gasoline 5 226000304025 75% 10% 54% 1.6190 1.7597 0.5257 2.3535 51.3283 0.1035 0.0723

Hand Tools 3 May-22 Apr-24 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Crawler Crane 1 Sep-22 May-23 diesel 200 2270002069600 50% 50% 59% 0.0125 0.0103 0.1357 0.0227 0.0472 0.0022 0.0312

Hand Tools 10 Sep-22 May-23 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Welding Generator 4 Sep-22 May-23 diesel 25 227000600525 75% 50% 43% 0.0622 0.0594 0.9775 0.1987 0.4537 0.0023 0.0250

Welder Pack Rig 1 Sep-22 May-23 electric N/A N/A 75% 25% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Tower Crane 4 Apr-25 Oct-26 diesel 300 2270002045300 90% 75% 43% 0.0070 0.0309 0.6290 0.0155 72.7622 0.0016 0.0225

Welding Generator 2 Apr-25 Oct-26 diesel 25 227000600525 90% 70% 43% 0.0503 0.0554 0.9579 0.1987 0.4337 0.0023 0.0250

Welder Rack 1 Apr-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 70% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 10 Apr-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Welders 5 Apr-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 25% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Generator 2 Apr-25 Oct-26 diesel 100 2270006005100 100% 75% 43% 0.0599 0.0665 1.0360 0.1336 0.4060 0.0020 0.0250

Bar Bending Machine 1 Sep-25 Oct-26 gasoline 50 226500304075 75% 20% 54% 0.0210 0.0229 0.4109 0.4376 3.6261 0.0705 0.0423

Concrete Vibrators 1 Sep-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 10% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Concrete Finishers 2 Sep-25 Oct-26 gasoline 5 226000304025 75% 10% 54% 1.6190 1.7597 0.5257 2.3535 51.3282 0.1035 0.0723

Hand Tools 10 Sep-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Generator 5 Sep-25 Oct-26 gasoline 50 2270006005100 75% 75% 43% 0.0599 0.0665 1.0360 0.1336 0.4060 0.0020 0.0250

Concrete Pump 1 Sep-25 Oct-26 diesel 270 2270006010175 80% 80% 43% 0.0874 0.0966 1.1179 0.1042 0.5561 0.0018 0.0225

SFRM Pump 1 Feb-26 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 90% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 5 Jun-26 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 50% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Material Hoist 2 Jun-26 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 90% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 20 Feb-26 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Cable Pullers 4 Feb-26 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 15% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Welders 2 Feb-26 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 50% 35% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 30 Jan-26 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Personnel/Material Hoist 4 Oct-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 90% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Duration of Activity

Quantity

Engine Information On-Site Usage Factors EPA MOVES-NONROAD Factors

Platform Tunnel Overbuild - Site 1

Equipment
Western Railyard Platform

Construction Equipment Information

Start

Date

End

Date

Engine

Type Size (hp) NONROAD SCC Daily use Average Use Average Engine Load

PM25 Factor

(g/hp-hr)

PM10 Factor

(g/hp-hr)

NOx Factor

(g/hp-hr)

VOC Factor

(g/hp-hr)

CO Factor

(g/hp-hr)

SO2 Factor

(g/hp-hr)

Fuel Factor 

(gal/hp-hr)

Duration of Activity

Quantity

Engine Information On-Site Usage Factors EPA MOVES-NONROAD Factors

Equipment

Tower Crane 4 Dec-23 Apr-26 diesel 300 2270002045300 90% 75% 43% 0.0096 0.0309 0.6290 0.0155 72.7622 0.0016 0.0225

Welding Generator 2 Dec-23 Apr-26 diesel 25 227000600525 90% 70% 43% 0.0577 0.0554 0.9579 0.1987 0.4337 0.0023 0.0250

Welder Rack 1 Dec-23 Apr-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 70% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 10 Dec-23 Apr-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Welders 5 Dec-23 Apr-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 25% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Generator 2 Dec-23 Apr-26 diesel 100 2270006005100 100% 75% 43% 0.0698 0.0665 1.0360 0.1336 0.4060 0.0020 0.0250

Bar Bending Machine 1 Jun-24 Jul-26 gasoline 50 226500304075 75% 20% 54% 0.0210 0.0229 0.4109 0.4376 3.6261 0.0705 0.0423

Concrete Vibrators 1 Jun-24 Jul-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 10% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Concrete Finishers 2 Jun-24 Jul-26 gasoline 5 226000304025 75% 10% 54% 1.6190 1.7597 0.5257 2.3535 51.3282 0.1035 0.0723

Hand Tools 10 Jun-24 Jul-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Generator 5 Jun-24 Jul-26 gasoline 50 2270006005100 75% 75% 43% 0.0645 0.0665 1.0360 0.1336 0.4060 0.0020 0.0250

Concrete Pump 1 Jun-24 Jul-26 diesel 270 2270006010175 80% 80% 43% 0.0937 0.0966 1.1179 0.1042 0.5561 0.0018 0.0225

SFRM Pump 1 Nov-24 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 90% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 5 Mar-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 50% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Material Hoist 2 Mar-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 90% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 20 Mar-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Cable Pullers 4 Mar-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 15% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Welders 2 Mar-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 50% 35% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 10 Jul-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Welders 2 Jul-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 50% 35% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Material Hoist 4 Jul-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 50% 75% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hand Tools 30 Jun-25 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 75% 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Personnel/Material Hoist 4 Jun-24 Oct-26 electric N/A N/A 90% 90% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Overbuild - Site 2
Western Railyard Platform

Construction Truck Information

Start Date End Date

Estimated Round 

Trip Distance

(miles/truck)

Vehicle Miles

(VMT/day)

Estimated Round 

Trip Distance

(miles/truck)

Vehicle Miles

(VMT/day)

Onroad 

Emission 

Factor (g/mi)

Cruise 

Emission 

Factor (g/veh)

Idling 

Emission 

Factor (g/hr)

Onroad 

Emission 

Factor (g/mi)

Cruise 

Emission 

Factor (g/veh)

Idling 

Emission 

Factor (g/hr)

Onroad 

Emission 

Factor (g/mi)

Cruise 

Emission 

Factor (g/veh)

Idling 

Emission 

Factor (g/hr)

Onroad 

Emission 

Factor (g/mi)

Cruise 

Emission 

Factor (g/veh)

Idling 

Emission 

Factor (g/hr)

Onroad 

Emission 

Factor (g/mi)

Cruise 

Emission 

Factor (g/veh)

Idling 

Emission 

Factor (g/hr)

Onroad 

Emission 

Factor (g/mi)

Cruise 

Emission 

Factor (g/veh)

Idling 

Emission 

Factor (g/hr)

Onroad 

Emission 

Factor (g/mi)

Cruise 

Emission 

Factor (g/veh)

Idling 

Emission 

Factor (g/hr)

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation Dump Truck 8 Oct-21 Dec-21 30 240 80 640 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation and Caisson Drilling Dump Truck 20 Nov-21 Apr-22 30 600 80 1,600 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns Concrete Truck 10 Dec-21 Jul-22 15 150 15 150 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Precast Superstructure Erection Concrete Truck 25 Jun-22 Aug-22 15 375 15 375 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 8 Sep-22 Jan-23 30 240 500 4,000 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation Dump Truck 10 Aug-22 Oct-22 30 300 80 800 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation and Caisson Drilling Dump Truck 20 Sep-22 Mar-23 30 600 80 1,600 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns Concrete Truck 10 Nov-22 Apr-23 15 150 15 150 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Precast Superstructure Erection Concrete Truck 25 Mar-23 May-23 15 375 15 375 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 8 May-23 Oct-23 30 240 500 4,000 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation Dump Truck 10 May-23 Jul-23 30 300 80 800 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation and Caisson Drilling Dump Truck 20 May-23 Aug-23 30 600 80 1,600 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns Concrete Truck 10 Jul-23 Dec-23 15 150 15 150 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Precast Superstructure Erection Concrete Truck 25 Nov-23 Jan-24 15 375 15 375 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 8 Jan-24 Jun-24 30 240 500 4,000 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation Dump Truck 10 Jan-24 Mar-24 30 300 80 800 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation and Caisson Drilling Dump Truck 20 Jan-24 Apr-24 30 600 80 1,600 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns Concrete Truck 10 Apr-24 Jun-24 15 150 15 150 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Precast Superstructure Erection Concrete Truck 30 May-24 Jul-24 15 450 15 450 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 8 Aug-24 Dec-24 30 240 500 4,000 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation Dump Truck 10 Jul-24 Aug-24 30 300 80 800 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation and Caisson Drilling Dump Truck 20 Aug-24 Nov-24 30 600 80 1,600 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns Concrete Truck 10 Sep-24 Dec-24 15 150 15 150 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Precast Superstructure Erection Concrete Truck 25 Nov-24 Jan-25 15 375 15 375 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 8 Jan-25 Jul-25 30 240 500 4,000 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation Dump Truck 10 Feb-25 Mar-25 30 300 80 800 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation and Caisson Drilling Dump Truck 20 Mar-25 May-25 30 600 80 1,600 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns Concrete Truck 10 Apr-25 Aug-25 15 150 15 150 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Precast Superstructure Erection Concrete Truck 25 Aug-25 Sep-25 15 375 15 375 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 8 Sep-25 Feb-26 30 240 500 4,000 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation Dump Truck 10 Oct-25 Nov-25 30 300 80 800 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation and Caisson Drilling Dump Truck 0 Jan-00 Jan-00 30 0 80 0 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns Concrete Truck 10 Nov-25 Jan-26 15 150 15 150 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Precast Superstructure Erection Concrete Truck 25 Dec-25 Jan-26 15 375 15 375 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 8 Feb-26 May-26 30 240 500 4,000 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation & Foundations Dump Truck 10 Apr-23 Jan-24 30 300 80 800 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Superstructure Construction Concrete Truck 7 Feb-24 Aug-24 15 105 15 105 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Exteriors Tractor Trailer 4 Apr-24 Sep-24 30 120 130 520 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Mechancial, Electrical and Plumbing (Excl. AC Sub) Tractor Trailer 6 Apr-24 Jun-25 30 180 500 3,000 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 10 May-24 Jul-25 30 300 130 1,300 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation & Foundations Dump Truck 10 Oct-25 Jan-26 30 300 80 800 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Superstructure Construction Concrete Truck 10 Feb-26 Mar-26 15 150 15 150 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Exteriors Tractor Trailer 6 Mar-26 May-26 30 180 130 780 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Mechancial, Electrical and Plumbing (Excl. AC Sub) Tractor Trailer 5 Mar-26 May-26 30 150 500 2,500 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 5 Mar-26 May-26 30 150 130 650 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Excavation & Foundations Dump Truck 10 Oct-25 Jan-26 30 300 80 800 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Superstructure Construction Concrete Truck 10 Feb-26 Mar-26 15 150 15 150 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Exteriors Tractor Trailer 6 Mar-26 May-26 30 180 130 780 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Mechancial, Electrical and Plumbing (Excl. AC Sub) Tractor Trailer 5 Mar-26 May-26 30 150 500 2,500 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Architectural Fitout Tractor Trailer 5 Mar-26 May-26 30 150 130 650 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Temp. Utilities/Site Preparation/Temp. Structures Tractor Trailer 2 Oct-21 May-23 30 60 130 260 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Support of Excavation/Jetgrouting Dump Truck 5 Jan-22 Jul-23 30 150 80 400 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Soil & Rock Excavation Dump Truck 15 Mar-22 Nov-23 30 450 80 1,200 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Concrete Concrete Truck 8 Jun-22 Jan-24 15 120 15 120 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Waterproofing & Roof Protection Stab Tractor Trailer 1 May-22 Mar-24 30 30 130 130 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Backfill/Final Utilities Tractor Trailer 2 Jul-22 Jul-24 30 60 130 260 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

High Line Underpinning Tractor Trailer 5 Sep-22 Apr-23 30 150 130 650 0.0998 0.0245 0.3048 0.4400 0.1266 0.3313 3.2649 0.7092 17.2316 0.8933 0.3614 12.6090 1.0687 0.2239 6.0634 0.0135 0.0028 0.0492 2,147.6 441.9 7,813.8

Average 

Number of 

Vehicles Per 

Day

Work task Truck Type

CO2e

MOVES Vehicle Emission Factors

Duration of Activity Total Travel NOx VOC CO SO2

Vehicle Activity

Within Non-Attainment Area PM2.5 PM10

 Area 2G

Tracks 1-4 

 Building C

AC 

Substation 

 Building A Building B 

 Tunnel 

Platform

Area 1A

Tracks 27-30

 Area 1B

Tracks 23-26 

 Area 1C

Tracks 19-22 

 Area 1D

Tracks 15-18 

 Area 2E

Tracks 10-13 

 Area 2F

Tracks 4-7 
Western Railyard Platform

Construction Worker Auto Information

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation 12 Oct-21 Dec-21 100% 1.00 12 480 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation and Caisson Drilling 65 Nov-21 Apr-22 100% 1.00 65 2,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns 30 Dec-21 Jul-22 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Precast Superstructure Erection 30 Jun-22 Aug-22 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout 40 Sep-22 Jan-23 100% 1.00 40 1,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation 12 Aug-22 Oct-22 100% 1.00 12 480 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation and Caisson Drilling 60 Sep-22 Mar-23 100% 1.00 60 2,400 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns 30 Nov-22 Apr-23 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Precast Superstructure Erection 30 Mar-23 May-23 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout 40 May-23 Oct-23 100% 1.00 40 1,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation 12 May-23 Jul-23 100% 1.00 12 480 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation and Caisson Drilling 65 May-23 Aug-23 100% 1.00 65 2,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns 30 Jul-23 Dec-23 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Precast Superstructure Erection 30 Nov-23 Jan-24 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout 40 Jan-24 Jun-24 100% 1.00 40 1,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation 12 Jan-24 Mar-24 100% 1.00 12 480 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation and Caisson Drilling 65 Jan-24 Apr-24 100% 1.00 65 2,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns 30 Apr-24 Jun-24 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Precast Superstructure Erection 30 May-24 Jul-24 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout 40 Aug-24 Dec-24 100% 1.00 40 1,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation 12 Jul-24 Aug-24 100% 1.00 12 480 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation and Caisson Drilling 65 Aug-24 Nov-24 100% 1.00 65 2,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns 30 Sep-24 Dec-24 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Precast Superstructure Erection 30 Nov-24 Jan-25 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout 40 Jan-25 Jul-25 100% 1.00 40 1,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation 12 Feb-25 Mar-25 100% 1.00 12 480 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation and Caisson Drilling 65 Mar-25 May-25 100% 1.00 65 2,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns 30 Apr-25 Aug-25 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Precast Superstructure Erection 30 Aug-25 Sep-25 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout 40 Sep-25 Feb-26 100% 1.00 40 1,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Track Outage Protection, Track Demolition & Site Preparation 12 Oct-25 Nov-25 100% 1.00 12 480 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation and Caisson Drilling 65 Jan-00 Jan-00 100% 1.00 65 2,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Concrete Shear Walls and Columns 30 Nov-25 Jan-26 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Precast Superstructure Erection 20 Dec-25 Jan-26 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Underdeck MEP Installation/Architectural Fitout 40 Feb-26 May-26 100% 1.00 40 1,600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation & Foundations 15 Apr-23 Jan-24 100% 1.00 15 600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Superstructure Construction 12 Feb-24 Aug-24 100% 1.00 12 480 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Exteriors 10 Apr-24 Sep-24 100% 1.00 10 400 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Mechancial, Electrical and Plumbing (Excl. AC Sub) 20 Apr-24 Jun-25 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Architectural Fitout 20 May-24 Jul-25 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation & Foundations 15 Oct-25 Jan-26 100% 1.00 15 600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Superstructure Construction 20 Feb-26 Mar-26 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Exteriors 10 Mar-26 May-26 100% 1.00 10 400 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Mechancial, Electrical and Plumbing (Excl. AC Sub) 20 Mar-26 May-26 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Architectural Fitout 20 Mar-26 May-26 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Excavation & Foundations 15 Oct-25 Jan-26 100% 1.00 15 600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Superstructure Construction 20 Feb-26 Mar-26 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Exteriors 10 Mar-26 May-26 100% 1.00 10 400 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Mechancial, Electrical and Plumbing (Excl. AC Sub) 20 Mar-26 May-26 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Architectural Fitout 20 Mar-26 May-26 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Temp. Utilities/Site Preparation/Temp. Structures 11 Oct-21 May-23 100% 1.00 11 440 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Support of Excavation/Jetgrouting 25 Jan-22 Jul-23 100% 1.00 25 1,000 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Soil & Rock Excavation 10 Mar-22 Nov-23 100% 1.00 10 400 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Concrete 30 Jun-22 Jan-24 100% 1.00 30 1,200 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Waterproofing & Roof Protection Stab 15 May-22 Mar-24 100% 1.00 15 600 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

Backfill/Final Utilities 20 Jul-22 Jul-24 100% 1.00 20 800 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

High Line Underpinning 10 Sep-22 Apr-23 100% 1.00 10 400 0.0146 0.0714 0.1265 0.0635 1.5312 0.0059 343.5

PM10 Cruise 

Emission Factor

(g/veh)

NOx Cruise 

Emission Factor

(g/veh)

VOC Cruise 

Emission Factor

(g/veh)

CO Cruise 

Emission Factor

(g/veh)

SO2 Cruise 

Emission Factor

(g/veh)

CO2e Cruise 

Emission Factor

(g/veh)

Modal

Split

Auto 

Occupancy

Total Autos

Per Day

Duration of Activity Vehicle Trips

Start 

Date End Date

PM2.5 Cruise 

Emission Factor

(g/veh)

Daily Milage 

(VMT/day)

 Building A Building B 

 Tunnel 

Workers Per 

Day Work task

Platform

Area 1A

Tracks 27-30

 Area 1B

Tracks 23-26 

 Area 1C

Tracks 19-22 

 Area 1D

Tracks 15-18 

 Area 2E

Tracks 10-13 

 Area 2F

Tracks 4-7 

 Area 2G

Tracks 1-4 

 Building C

AC 

Substation