III 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 202 

Urging the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army to fully implement the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 

January 9, 2005. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JULY 19, 2005 

Mr. FRIST (for himself, Mrs. DOLE, and Mr. LUGAR) submitted the following 

resolution; which was considered and agreed to 

RESOLUTION 

Urging the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s 

Liberation Movement/Army to fully implement the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of January 9, 2005. 

Whereas the people of Sudan have been devastated by war 

for all but 10 years since Sudan gained its independence 

in 1956; 

Whereas the second civil war in Sudan between the Government of Sudan in the north and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army in the south began in 1983 and lasted for 

more than 20 years; 

Whereas more than 2,000,000 people died and more than 

4,000,000 people were internationally displaced or became refugees as a direct or indirect result of the civil 

war in Sudan; 
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Whereas the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s 

Liberation Movement/Army failed on numerous occasions 

to bring a peaceful and just end to the civil war in Sudan 

throughout the 1990s; 

Whereas, in September 2001, President George W. Bush appointed former Senator John Danforth as Special Envoy 

for Peace in Sudan to explore the potential of the United 

States to become involved in searching for a just resolution to the civil war in Sudan, and appointed Andrew 

Natsios, the Administrator of the United States Agency 

for International Development, as the Special Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan to enhance the delivery of 

assistance that could help reduce the suffering of the people of Sudan; 

Whereas, in July 2002, the Government of Sudan and the 

Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army reached the 

historic Machakos Protocol, an agreement on the role of 

religion in Sudan and the right to self-determination for 

the people of southern Sudan; 

Whereas, in October 2002, the Government of Sudan and the 

Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army signed a 

memorandum of understanding that called for a cessation 

of hostilities and unimpeded humanitarian access to all 

areas of Sudan; 

Whereas peace talks continued throughout 2003, with discussions focusing on wealth sharing and the control of 3 

contested areas of Sudan; 

Whereas, on November 19, 2004, the Government of Sudan 

and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army 

signed a declaration committing themselves to reach a 

final comprehensive peace agreement by December 31, 
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2004, in the context of a special session of the United 

Nations Security Council; 

Whereas, on November 19, 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Security Council Resolution 1574, which welcomed the commitment of the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation 

Movement/Army to reach an agreement by the end of 

2004, and highlighted the intention of the international 

community to assist the people of Sudan and support the 

implementation of a comprehensive peace agreement; 

Whereas the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s 

Liberation Movement/Army initialed the final elements of 

a comprehensive peace agreement on December 31, 2004; 

Whereas, on January 9, 2005, the Government of Sudan and 

the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army formally 

signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement; 

Whereas the Comprehensive Peace Agreement provides for a 

new constitution, new arrangements for power sharing 

and wealth sharing, and a 6-year interim period to be followed by a referendum in southern Sudan so that the 

people of southern Sudan can decide their political future; 

Whereas the Comprehensive Peace Agreement provides for 

new institutions to be created and a new Government of 

National Unity to be installed in Sudan once the constitution is ratified; 

Whereas despite progress on reaching a peace agreement on 

the North-South conflict there has been little progress to 

end the ongoing conflict in the region of Darfur; 

Whereas, after tens of thousands of civilians died due to a 

targeted campaign of violence by the Government of 
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Khartoum, Congress declared on July 22, 2004, that the 

atrocities in Darfur were genocide, committed primarily 

by the Government of Sudan and its allied Janjaweed militias; 

Whereas, on September 9, 2004, Secretary of State Colin 

Powell testified that ‘‘genocide has been committed in 

Darfur’’; 

Whereas, on June 30, 2005, President Bush confirmed that 

‘‘the violence in Darfur region is clearly genocide [and] 

the human cost is beyond calculation’’; 

Whereas the Comprehensive Peace Agreement provides a 

model for the resolution of all conflicts in Sudan, including Darfur, eastern Sudan, and elsewhere; 

Whereas, on July 9, 2005, the 6-year interim period under 

the Comprehensive Peace Agreement began with the formation of a new transitional government and the signing 

of an interim constitution, and Dr. John Garang, the 

Chairman of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/ 

Army, was sworn in by President Omar Hassan al Bashir 

as First Vice President of Sudan; 

Whereas millions of the people across Sudan continue to suffer from the effects of war, including displacement and 

war-related disease, hunger, and malnutrition; 

Whereas the people of southern Sudan are in desperate need 

of reconstruction assistance to build and improve vital infrastructure components that are nearly nonexistent in 

southern Sudan; 

Whereas, despite the historic signing of the Comprehensive 

Peace Agreement in January 2005, the key to success 

will now be the full and timely implementation of the 
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agreement by all sides, wholly consistent with the letter, 

spirit, and intent of the agreement; and 

Whereas the impact and efficacy of the Comprehensive Peace 

Agreement will also be measured by the political resolution of ongoing conflict in other parts of Sudan, including 

Darfur and the east of Sudan: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) commends the people of Sudan on the sign3 ing of the historic Comprehensive Peace Agreement 

4 on January 9, 2005; 

5 (2) urges the new Government of National 

6 Unity of Sudan, consisting of elements of the Na7 tional Congress Party and the Sudan People’s Lib8 eration Movement/Army, to fully implement the 

9 Comprehensive Peace Agreement in a timely manner 

10 consistent with the letter, spirit, and intent of the 

11 agreement; 

12 (3) requests that the United States Govern13 ment— 

14 (A) commit to high-level, sustained engage15 ment to closely monitor the implementation of 

16 the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and events 

17 on the ground in Sudan, including in Darfur 

18 and elsewhere; and 

19 (B) sustain pressure as appropriate to en20 sure the Comprehensive Peace Agreement is im-
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1 plemented in a full, timely, and thorough man2 ner; 

3 (4) urges the United States Government— 

4 (A) to maintain sanctions on the Govern5 ment of Sudan as appropriate until the Com6 prehensive Peace Agreement has been fully hon7 ored and implemented; and 

8 (B) to renew efforts to implement addi9 tional sanctions through the United Nations Se10 curity Council until peace in Darfur is achieved 

11 and those responsible for genocide, war crimes, 

12 crimes against humanity, and criminal acts are 

13 brought to justice; 

14 (5) strongly urges the Government of National 

15 Unity of Sudan to use the Comprehensive Peace 

16 Agreement as the basis for negotiation of a peaceful 

17 resolution of the conflicts in Darfur and other areas 

18 of Sudan; 

19 (6) strongly supports the expansion of the size 

20 and role of the mission of the African Union in 

21 Darfur to protect civilians in Darfur and encourages 

22 continued support for this mission from the United 

23 States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and 

24 other countries and international organizations; 
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1 (7) strongly supports the United Nations Mis2 sion in the Sudan and the expansion of this mission 

3 to protect civilians and aid workers throughout 

4 Sudan; 

5 (8) supports the continued provision of humani6 tarian and reconstruction assistance from the United 

7 States to the people of southern Sudan, in addition 

8 to the assistance allocated for the people of Darfur, 

9 so that the people of Sudan may experience and ap10 preciate the benefits of peace; 

11 (9) supports international efforts to facilitate 

12 the safe and voluntary return of refugees and inter13 nationally displaced persons to their homes in 

14 Sudan; and 

15 (10) calls upon the governments of all countries 

16 in the Sudan region and around the world to actively 

17 support and monitor the full implementation of the 

18 Comprehensive Peace Agreement to help ensure that 

19 the people of Sudan pursue the path to peace, pros20 perity, and security. 

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