III 

Calendar No. 506 

109TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 460 

Expressing the sense of the Senate that the United States should increase 

its support to the people of Somalia in their efforts to end decades 

of violence, establish lasting peace, form a democratically elected and 

stable central government, and become an effective partner in eradicating 

radicalism and terrorism from their country and the region. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MAY 2, 2006 

Mr. COLEMAN (for himself, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mr. DAYTON, and Mr. MARTINEZ) 

submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee 

on Foreign Relations 

JUNE 29, 2006 

Reported by Mr. LUGAR, without amendment 

RESOLUTION 

Expressing the sense of the Senate that the United States 

should increase its support to the people of Somalia 

in their efforts to end decades of violence, establish lasting peace, form a democratically elected and stable central government, and become an effective partner in 

eradicating radicalism and terrorism from their country 

and the region. 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
2 

•SRES 460 RS 

Whereas General Mohamed Siad Barre, who came to power 

in Somalia through a military coup in 1969, was ousted 

from power by several armed groups of Somalia in 1991; 

Whereas, following the collapse of the central authority in 

Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, rival groups of Somalia devastated the region by— 

(1) engaging in an armed struggle for personal political power; and 

(2) preventing food and medicine from reaching innocent civilians who were suffering from drought and 

famine; 

Whereas, during the continued internal chaos and destruction 

in Somalia, hundreds of thousands of people have died 

from— 

(1) violence; 

(2) starvation; and 

(3) disease; 

Whereas the people of Somalia witnessed the country splinter 

into— 

(1) the Republic of Somaliland, which— 

(A) is located in the northwest portion of Somalia; and 

(B) seeks independence; 

(2) Puntland, which is an autonomous region located 

in the northeast portion of Somalia; and 

(3) a myriad of warlord-controlled fiefdoms that are 

located in the southern portion of Somalia; 

Whereas, on November 9, 1992, President George H. W. 

Bush authorized Operation Restore Hope, and used the 

Armed Forces to safeguard nongovernmental organizations while the organizations attempted to provide huVerDate Aug 31 2005 06:40 Jun 30, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR460.RS SR460

ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
3 

•SRES 460 RS 

manitarian assistance to the suffering civilian population 

of Somalia; 

Whereas the United States led the Unified Task Force (referred to in this preamble as the ‘‘UNITAF’’) in an effort to— 

(1) save lives; and 

(2) help create a relatively peaceful environment for 

humanitarian activity in Somalia; 

Whereas, in May 1993, UNITAF handed its operations to 

the United Nations for an operation subsequently known 

as the ‘‘United Nations Operation in Somalia’’, giving the 

people of Somalia hope for peace and stability; 

Whereas the operation was unfortunately unsuccessful in establishing peace and stability in Mogadishu and other 

parts of Somalia; 

Whereas, in March 1994, the Armed Forces withdrew from 

Somalia after a long and bloody battle in Mogadishu on 

October 3, 1993; 

Whereas, 1 year after the withdrawal of the United States, 

the United Nations withdrew all remaining peacekeepers 

because the security conditions in Somalia had further 

deteriorated; 

Whereas the United Nations withdrew United Nations troops 

from Somalia in 1995; 

Whereas 13 conferences dedicated to promoting reconciliation 

or peace have been called in order to end the fighting in 

Somalia; 

Whereas, in October 2002, 21 warring parties in Somalia 

took positive action by— 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
4 

•SRES 460 RS 

(1) agreeing to a cease fire under the auspices of the 

East African organization known as the ‘‘Intergovernmental Authority on Development’’; and 

(2) beginning a dialogue that was focused on forming a government; 

Whereas, in September 2003, the parties to the Kenyan 

peace process agreed on the Transitional National Charter for Somalia, and thus paved the way for the creation 

of a unified national government in Somalia; 

Whereas, in August 2004, the 275-member Transitional Federal Assembly of Somalia was assembled in Kenya to reunify and heal Somalia and comprised of 61 delegates 

from the 4 major clans of Somalia and 31 delegates from 

an alliance of minority clans located in that country; 

Whereas Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, the former leader of 

Puntland, was elected President of Somalia by the Transitional Federal Government on October 10, 2004; 

Whereas Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed appointed Professor Ali 

Mohamed Gedi as Prime Minister in November 2004; 

Whereas a limited number of countries on the continent of 

Africa have pledged to send peacekeeping troops to Somalia to help protect the Transitional Federal Government as the Government seeks to reestablish peace and 

order; 

Whereas the international community should encourage those 

individuals and organizations that have shown commitment to the peace process, including— 

(1) the African Union; 

(2) the Intergovernmental Authority on Development; 

(3) the Transitional Federal Government; and 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
5 

•SRES 460 RS 

(4) the many clans located in Somalia; 

Whereas escalating tensions and violence between certain 

clans threaten to weaken the ability of the Transitional 

Federal Government to— 

(1) develop capacity; 

(2) effectively establish stability; and 

(3) enforce the rule of law throughout Somalia; 

Whereas the 2004 Country Reports on Terrorism, produced 

by the Secretary of State in accordance with section 140 

of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 

1988 and 1989 (22 U.S.C. 2656f), noted that— 

(1) ‘‘a small number of al-Qa’ida operatives in East 

Africa, particularly Somalia, continue to pose the most 

serious threat to American interests in the region’’; 

(2) ‘‘Somalia’s lack of a functioning central government, protracted state of violent instability, long unguarded coastline, porous borders, and proximity to the 

Arabian Peninsula make it a potential location for international terrorists seeking a transit or launching point to 

conduct operations elsewhere’’; and 

(3) ‘‘[t]he U.S. government must identify and 

prioritize actual or potential terrorist sanctuaries. For 

each, it should have a realistic strategy to keep possible 

terrorists insecure and on the run, using all elements of 

national power’’; 

Whereas current political tensions may be exacerbated by the 

ongoing humanitarian crisis that continues to affect hundreds of thousands of individuals in Somalia, thereby 

making the task of creating a stable, central government 

increasingly difficult; 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
6 

•SRES 460 RS 

Whereas the Transitional Federal Government is incapable of 

meeting the fundamental needs of all people of Somalia, 

including— 

(1) education; 

(2) health care; and 

(3) other essential services; 

Whereas the 2005 Human Rights Report published by the 

Department of State cites significant concerns relating to 

abuses of human rights in Somalia, including— 

(1) female genital mutilation; 

(2) rape; and 

(3) political violence; 

Whereas the Federal Government has provided $476,000,000 

for humanitarian assistance activities since 1990, although a majority of those funds were distributed during 

the early 1990s; 

Whereas it is the desire of the United States that the people 

of Somalia live peaceful, stable, prosperous, and happy 

lives; 

Whereas the United States has historically supported the aspirations of the people of Somalia; and 

Whereas the compassion of the citizens of the United States 

extends across the world to embrace every member of the 

human family: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that— 

2 (1) the United States is working with the peo3 ple of Somalia to build a stable and enduring demo4 cratic nation in the Horn of Africa that is pros5 perous and free of civil war; 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
7 

•SRES 460 RS 

1 (2) to achieve long-lasting peace in the region, 

2 the nascent leadership and governance structures of 

3 Somalia must— 

4 (A) commit themselves to the principles of 

5 democracy and the rule of law; and 

6 (B) pledge to hold popular elections as 

7 soon as Somalia has stabilized; 

8 (3) the nascent Transitional Federal Govern9 ment for Somalia should— 

10 (A) organize itself in 1 city as soon as 

11 practicable to— 

12 (i) promote national unity; and 

13 (ii) begin the process of reentering the 

14 international community; and 

15 (B) delay the consideration of the delicate 

16 issue regarding the Republic of Somaliland 

17 until an appropriate level of stability has been 

18 achieved in Somalia, while understanding the 

19 critical importance of that issue for establishing 

20 a peaceful Somalia; 

21 (4) the President should— 

22 (A) commend the efforts of those that have 

23 worked to restore a functioning and inter24 nationally recognized government in Somalia, 

25 including— 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
8 

•SRES 460 RS 

1 (i) the people of Somalia and their 

2 representatives; 

3 (ii) the African Union; 

4 (iii) the Intergovernmental Authority 

5 on Development; 

6 (iv) friendly countries from the con7 tinent of Africa; and 

8 (v) nongovernmental organizations; 

9 (B) through the Secretary of State, de10 velop a comprehensive interagency stabilization 

11 and reconstruction strategy that— 

12 (i) aligns humanitarian, develop13 mental, economic, political, 

14 counterterrorism, and regional strategies; 

15 (ii) achieves the objectives of the 

16 United States in Somalia in coordination 

17 with the international donor community; 

18 and 

19 (iii) orients current and future pro20 grams to meet the objectives described in 

21 clause (ii); 

22 (C) appoint a special envoy to Somalia 

23 to— 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
9 

•SRES 460 RS 

1 (i) help guide and inform United 

2 States policy and interests in the region; 

3 and 

4 (ii) serve as a liaison between— 

5 (I) the United States; 

6 (II) nascent Somali governance 

7 institutions; 

8 (III) the international donor 

9 community; and 

10 (IV) the region; 

11 (D) instruct the United States Permanent 

12 Representative to the United Nations to request 

13 that the Security Council take additional meas14 ures to— 

15 (i) evaluate the effectiveness of the ex16 isting arms embargo on Somalia; and 

17 (ii) develop an improved plan to mon18 itor and protect the vast land and mari19 time borders of Somalia from— 

20 (I) smuggling; 

21 (II) dumping; and 

22 (III) piracy; and 

23 (E) through the Secretaries of State and 

24 the Treasury, work with international financial 

25 institutions to incrementally reduce the cripVerDate Aug 31 2005 06:40 Jun 30, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\SR460.RS SR460

ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
10 

•SRES 460 RS 

1 pling international debt of Somalia on the con2 dition that Somalia upholds democratic and free 

3 market principles; 

4 (5) the United States Agency for International 

5 Development should increase the assistance that the 

6 Agency provides to the Transitional Federal Govern7 ment to rebuild the national infrastructure of Soma8 lia, and place particular emphasis on the promotion 

9 of the governmental institutions of Somalia; 

10 (6) the United States should provide training 

11 and support to the Transitional National Govern12 ment of Somalia to— 

13 (A) fight terrorism and extremism; and 

14 (B) strengthen the civil society and grass15 roots efforts in Somalia that will deny terrorist 

16 and extremist groups a fertile ground for re17 cruitment in that country; 

18 (7) the United States, in partnership with the 

19 United Nations and the international donor commu20 nity, must— 

21 (A) heed the calls concerning the signifi22 cant drought affecting the region that have 

23 been placed by— 

24 (i) the United Nations Coordinator 

25 for Humanitarian Assistance; 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
11 

•SRES 460 RS 

1 (ii) the international community of 

2 nongovernmental organizations; and 

3 (iii) regional governments; 

4 (B) provide sufficient humanitarian assist5 ance to those impacted by the drought; and 

6 (C) realize that a failure to address the hu7 manitarian emergency could have a negative im8 pact on fragile political developments; and 

9 (8) not later than 180 days after the date of 

10 enactment of this resolution, the Secretary of State 

11 should present to Congress a status report on items 

12 referred to in paragraphs (4) through (8) that in13 cludes— 

14 (A) a projection of future challenges re15 garding Somalia; and 

16 (B) resource requirements that could 

17 foreseeably be needed to continue to support 

18 the transition of Somalia to a peaceful and 

19 democratic country. 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
Calendar No. 506 

109TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 460 

RESOLUTION 

Expressing the sense of the Senate that the United 

region. calism and terrorism from their country and the become an effective partner in eradicating radiically elected and stable central government, and lence, establish lasting peace, form a democratof Somalia in their efforts to end decades of vioStates should increase its support to the people 

JUNE 29, 2006 

Reported without amendment 


ccoleman on PROD1PC71 with BILLS