Changes in Effects 933

Acknowledgments

il^l^H^H^H^Hi^HII^^BBBi^H^HI^^H^BII^I^HI^IiHBHBHBHHMiHHra^@i$^S%:^-~ • '

The re-evaluation of the EIS alternatives was accomplished in a short period of time to accommodate continued progress of the EIS process. Many individuals contributed to the re-evaluation and its documentation. Cindy Dean has been largely responsible for the synthesis and final collating of the information.

Rebecca Gravenmier assisted in organizing and interpreting the voluminous information. Jodi Clifford has

assisted in editing and general document coordination. Cathy Humphrey and Shari Whitwell provided

valuable summaries and comparisons of standards and objectives between EIS versions. The Project

administrative staff and communications teams aided in many ways during periods of quick turnaround

requirements and under high pressure. Ralph Perkins and Richard Hanes provided valuable insights into

tribal concerns.
$34 Changes in Effects
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

AppetttfixI935

Appendix I

The science team received the Preliminary Draft EIS standards and objectives in February 1996.

This appendix is provided as a reference listing of those standards and objectives. They represent

the set for which the science team analyzed and documented the outcomes and effects. As the

analysis proceeded and interaction occurred with managers, the public, and the Science Team,

these original standards and objectives began to evolve. For a listing of the specific objectives and

standards in which this process finally resulted, please refer to the EIS documents directly.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appwttfix r-9B6

Direction for Alternative 1

Objectives and Standards

Implementation and Adaptive Management

1I-O1. For riparian areas, measurable objectives and monitoring will be set for key parameters

such as stream surface shading, streambank stability and shrub cover.

Monitoring and Evaluation

1M-S1. Ensure operations are in compliance with appropriate regulations. Conduct inspections in

accordance with agency policies and procedures.

Physical Environment

1P-O2. Meet state air quality requirements.

1P-S2. Plan and conduct prescribed burning in accordance with State Smoke Management Plans

and State Implementation Plans of the Clean Air Act.

Suggested Technique

Employ smoke management mitigation measures to reduce emissions from prescribed burning.

1P-S3. Reduce total emissions from prescribed burns to prevent significant deterioration (PSD).

Suggested Technique

Reduce the potential for wildfire emissions through use of prescribed fire and other fuels

management.

1F-O3. Plan and conduct land uses and management activities to minimize loss of site potential

caused by detrimental erosion, compaction, displacement, puddling and severe burning.

1F-O4. Maintain at least 80% of each activity area in condition of acceptable productivity

potential.

1F-O5. Use management practices that ensure:

• Adequate amounts of ground cover to support infiltration, maintain soil moisture storage and stabilize soils.

• Permeability rates appropriate to climate and soils.

• Adequate nutrient capital and functioning cycles on all lands.

1F-O6. Where detrimental effects have occurred, plan and implement rehabilitation to meet soil

and water objectives and standards.

1F-O7. Stabilize lands disturbed as a result of activities to control soil erosion.

1P-O8. Maintain or enhance water quality and quantity and protect existing beneficial uses of water.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix 1-937

1P-S4. Meet or exceed applicable state and federal water quality standards.

Human Uses and Values

1H-O4. Provide a broad spectrum of developed and dispersed recreation opportunities and activities in a range of settings.

1H-S4. Use the recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) or appropriate agency direction to guide

inventory and management to meet goals for recreation settings and experiences.

1H-S5. Manage recreation settings and facilities to provide safe and sanitary recreation experiences, protect facilities, sites and resources, and meet user needs.

1H-S6. Protect and manage established dispersed recreation sties and special place.

1H-O5. Maintain and enhance the visual character of the landscape.

1H-S7. Meet established visual quality objectives (or "higher"), using management principles and

techniques from the appropriate agency Landscape Management Systems.

Suggested Technique

Rehabilitate landscapes containing negative visual elements.

1H-O6. Coordinate management of Federal lands, resources and activities with local, state and

Federal agencies, private landowners, Native American Tribes, and interest and user groups,

[from 3-7?]

Suggested Techniques

Emphasize strengthening and developing partnerships in managing and enhancing Forest

resources (fish, wildlife, recreation, others).

Coordinate fire management activities in rural interface areas with local governments, agencies,

and landowners.

1H-O7. Improve public awareness of, involvement in, and support for Forest and District land

management objectives and programs.

1H-O8. Support strategies that enhance rural community economic advancement; define complimentary roles and implement programs that best serve the public. Assist in providing developmental, tourism, and recreational activities that help diversify rural economies, improve quality of

life that attracts amenity related in-migration.

1H-S8. Provide a predictable supply of timber and other forest products within sustainable limits

of the ecosystem(s).

1H-S9. Provide a predictable supply of livestock and wild horse forage within sustainable limits of

the ecosystem.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

J|MNttttt$9Bft

1H-O9. Provide for ceded land rights and treaty privileges of native peoples, [should we have

items from 3-7 here also?]

1H-O10. Consult and coordinate planning and management activities with the tribes.

1H- O11. Maintain pubic lands open to and available for mineral and energy exploration and

development except where legally unavailable (withdrawn) or necessary to protect special values.

Locatable Minerals

Objective. Provide opportunity for the orderly exploration and development of mineral resources

in area identified as open to operations and subject to appropriate regulations.

1H-S10. As required by applicable mining laws, provide access for exploration and development

of beatable mineral resources. A decision on approval of access will be made as a result of

appropriate environmental analysis, conducted in response to proposed operating plans.

1H-S11. Where necessary to protect important lands and resources, mineral exploration and

development would be subject to additional restrictions or stipulations. The least restrictive limitations necessary for resource protection would be used.

1H-S12. All surface disturbance from operations would be reclaimed to a productive condition to

the extent reasonable and practicable.

Leasable Minerals

Objective. Provide leasing opportunities for oil, gas and geothermal exploration and development

subject to appropriate regulations and requirements in areas identified as open to operations.

Standard. Subject to applicable laws and regulations, provide access for exploration and development of leasable mineral resources.

Standard. All exploration applications will receive appropriate environmental review and NERA

documentation prior to authorization.

Standard. In order to protect special resource values and investments, leasing would be subject

to appropriate lease notices and lease stipulations.

Standard. Ensure that operations are in compliance with appropriate regulations conducted

inspections in accordance with agency policies and procedures.

Standard. All surface disturbance from operations would be reclaimed to a productive condition to

the extent reasonable and practicable.

Objective. Provide and manage a safe and economical transportation system to provide public

access and meet resource and protection objectives.

Standard. Plan, develop, operate, and maintain according to agency standards and objectives for

planned uses and activities, safety, economies, and impacts on lands and resources.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix I4&8

Terrestrial Ecosystems

1T-O12. Make suitable rangelands available for grazing and browse use in coordination with other

uses and protecting productivity.

1T-S13. Allocate forage on allotment or management area to meet basic plant, plant vigor, and

soil needs as first priority.

1T-S13a. Use the forage utilization standards defined in agency guides; use levels should be consistent with objectives established by management plans.

Suggested Technique

Set forage utilization standards (stocking rates) for livestock, wild horses and burros, and big

game for riparian and upland areas based on species type, current allotment condition and range

management strategy.

Design grazing systems to maintain or improve plant vigor.

1T-S14. Range project plans or AMPs and, where applicable, wild horse and burro herd management plans (WHHMPs) will be developed, revised and maintained which establish objectives for

managing vegetation resources (including activities needed to achieve the objectives) for achieving desirable riparian conditions (and improvement schedule if needed, grazing system, season of

use, class of livestock, stocking levels, forage products and utilization rates, improvements needed to achieve objectives, economic efficiency analysis and coordinating requirements).

Suggested Technique

Intensive range management practices including rest may be used to protect and improve riparian

vegetation and fish and wildlife habitats.

To stabilize soils, improve livestock forage conditions and wildlife habitat, seed poor condition

rangelands to a site specific mixture of native or desirable exotic grasses, fobs and shrubs. Use

seedings to release grazing pressure form native range to improve their condition.

To stabilize soils after wildfire, seed rangelands that have a low potential for natural recovery with

a site specific mixture of native or desirable exotic grasses, forbs and shrubs.

Provide periods of rest from disturbance or livestock use during times of critical plant growth to

maintain or improve vegetation condition.

1T-O13. Use integrated pest management detection, prevention, and suppression strategies to

manage pests including biological, manual, mechanical, cultural, prescribed fire, chemical and

regulatory methods.

1T-S15. Plans and actions for control of competing and unwanted vegetation (including noxious

weeds) will be in keeping with "Managing Competing and Unwanted Vegetation" (FEDS) USDA,

Forest Service, 1988, "Vegetation Treatment on BLM Lands in Thirteen Western States" (ROD)

USDA, BLM 1991., "Northwest Area Noxious Weed Control Program" (ROD) USDI BLM 1987, or

similar agency direction.
1T-S16. All wild fires shall receive a prompt and appropriate suppression response. Appropriate

suppression strategies are defined by the agency.

1T-S17. Priorities for fire suppression shall be the protection of human life, public safety, private

property, and improvements or investments.

Suggested Techniques

Use minimum impact suppression methods.

Use prescribed fire to meet vegetation management objectives and to reduce and maintain appropriate fuel profiles. Unplanned ignition may be used if a prescribed fire plan has been developed

and the fire is within prescription.

Manage residue profiles at a level to minimize the potential of high intensity catastrophic wildfire

and provide for other resource objectives.

1T- O14. [need an obj related to suitable lands: see 1T-O12 for example.]

1F-S18. Allow regulated timber harvest only on lands classified as suitable for timber management. Prohibited timber harvest on lands unsuitable for timber management, except where needed to accomplish other multiple use objectives.

1F-S19. Selection of appropriate silvicultural systems should be guided by:

• Meets the management objectives and management area or resource emphasis.

• Permits the production of a volume of marketable trees sufficient to utilize all trees that meet utilization standards defined in agency guidelines and are designated for harvest.

• Permits the use of acceptable logging methods that can remove logs and other products without

excessive damage to the identified desirable retained vegetation.

• Be capable of meeting or providing special management conditions and achieve particular multiple use management objectives (such as streamside protection, wildlife needs, and visual

enhancement).

• Permits control vegetation and use appropriate practices to establish desired species, composition, density and rates of growth of trees and other vegetation needed to achieve objectives.

• Promote stand structures and species composition that minimizes serious risk of damage

caused by mammals, insects, disease, or wildfire, and allows treatment of existing insect, disease, or fuel conditions.

• Assure that lands can be adequately restocked within time frames.

• Practical and economic in terms of transportation, harvesting, preparation and administration of

timber sales.

1F-S19a. Clearcutting should only be allowed when it is found to be the optimum harvest

methods.

Suggested Technique

The variety of management intensities and silvicultural practices can be used, singly or in combination, and will vary by site conditions and productivity, timber species, resource management

objectives and timing of implementation.

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix 1-940
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix 1-341

Appropriate silvicultural practices including site preparation, tree improvement, reforestation,

release and weeding, thinning, fertilizing, pruning, sanitation harvest, salvage harvest, even aged

harvests (shelter woods, seed tree, clearcuts) and uneven aged harvest (individual tree and group

selection. Regeneration and tree stocking standards are defined at the local area.

1F-S20. Lands scheduled for timber harvest using even-aged practices should be managed on

rotation(s) equal to or greater than 95 percent of culmination of mean annual increment of growth

(based on cf measure).

1F-O15. Use timber management activities to promote horizontal and vertical vegetative diversity

to help meet wildlife, aesthetic, recreational, and other objectives.

1F-S21. Where appropriate, stagger regeneration in space and time for even aged areas. Created

openings should be separated by blocks of land or areas not classed as created opening.

Harvested areas are not considered a created opening for timber management when tree stocking is above minimum levels, trees are 4' in height and free to grow.

1F-S22. Openings created by even aged harvesting should not exceed 40 acres; exceptions permitted under catastrophic conditions.

1F-O16. Provide for salvage harvest of timber killed or damaged by events such as wildfire, wind

storms, insect and diseases, consistent with management objectives for other resources.

Objective. Provide habitat for viable populations of existing natives and desirable non-natives vertebrate wildlife species.

1T-S23. Old growth tree (reserve where appropriate) habitat (or develop replacement habitat

where presently unavailable) should be maintained and well distributed across the landscape for

indicator species dependent on old growth. Meet key species requirements by managing (reserve)

areas of appropriate size and arrangement with adequate larger, older trees; proper stand structures and densities (usually multi-storied), snags and down logs; associated feeding habitat and

other criteria.

1T-S24. Should manage dead trees (snags) to provide the required numbers and size of snags

throughout the Forest to maintain primary cavity excavators at 40 to 60 percent of their potential

population in timber production areas and appropriate levels in other areas; leave appropriate

levels of green trees to serve as a source of future snags.

1T-S25. Should provide dead and down logs in appropriate numbers by size classes to support

species that utilize this resource.

1T-S26. Should manage forest stands and shrub and grassland communities and successional

stages to provide suitable big game habitat(s); cover quality, cover size and spacing, open road

densities, and forage quality to meet species needs as defined in a Habitat Effectiveness Index.

1T-S27. Should protect big game habitats at key times including winter ranges, calving/

fawning areas, wallows, and migration areas by maintaining desired vegetative structure and

characteristics.
1T-S28. Should manage unique or featured wildlife habitats including cliffs, talus, caves; seepssprings; bogs, wallows and other wet areas (generally under 10 acres) to protect their primary

values.

1T-S29. For Federal Threatened, Endangered, proposed, and special status species, shall use

required biological assessment/evaluation procedures and meet consultation requirements.

Promote preservation, restoration and/or maintenance of their habitats.

Wilderness and Reserves

17-O21. Manage for natural ecological processes with minimal human interference; preserve and

protect natural conditions, processes, and wilderness character.

Suggested Techniques

Replicate natural processes, disturbance events and cycles with prescribed fire(s). (Naturally

occurring fires are considered prescribed fires until declared a wildfire (outside of prescription).

Wildfires will be suppressed using appropriate agency suppression strategies.)

17-S30. Recreation, range and other permitted activity use and facilities shall be managed to

meet wilderness objectives and preserve wilderness character and values.

Suggested Technique

Use the Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) process to determine management actions to preserve natural environments and provide for wilderness experiences.

17-S31. Timber harvest and motorized vehicle access shall be prohibited (except emergencies or

other authorized exceptions).

17-S32. Manage Wilderness Study Areas (WSA) to protect and preserve their wilderness character. Protect and preserve Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) special resource values.

Aquatic Ecosystems

Ecosystem Analysis

Not applicable except for NWFP

1A-O22. Objective: Inventory, treat and improve conditions in watersheds in need of restoration

to reverse and arrest adverse impacts to water quality and fish habitat. Areas where fish habitat(s)

or water quality have been adversely affected shall be given high priority for corrective treatments

that mitigate impacts or rehabilitate these areas.

1A-S33. Meet or exceed state water quality protection and restoration requirements through planning, application and monitoring of Best Management Practices (BMPs).

1A-S34. Protect beneficial uses by implementing water quality practices, plans, and policies in

current memorandums of understanding with the states.

1A-S35. Evaluate proposed projects or management actions for cumulative effects on water

quality, quantity or stream channels.

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix £942
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the ETS documents directly.

AppetttfJ* 1-343

Suggested Techniques

Disperse activities in time and space, where practicable, to the extent needed to meet management requirements.

1A-O23. Provide and maintain a diverse, well distributed pattern of fish habitat to aid in increasing

anadromous fish runs.

• Meeting criteria in state water quality standards for stream temperature and providing stream

side vegetation to shade at least 60 percent of stream surface from June through September

between hours 10 am and 4 pm.

• Maintaining sufficient large woody debris to provide for continuous long-term supply in all stream

classes.

• Retaining 80 percent or more of the total lineal distance of stream banks in stable condition.

• Promoting bank, floodplain, and channel stability to provide resiliency to disturbance and foster

aquatic diversity.

• Ensuring that 15 percent or less of stream substrate is covered by inorganic sediment.

• Providing pools that are adequately large, well distributed, and persistent during low flows and to

conserve or restore channel morphology appropriate to the climate and landform.

• Providing at least 80 percent of site enhancement potential for cover for grass-forb, shrub and

tree dominated sites in riparian areas.

Suggested Techniques

Use practices that maintain or promote sufficient residual vegetation to maintain, improve or

restore riparian and wetland functions. Use practices that maintain or promote appropriate channel morphology and functions.

1A-O24. Achieve riparian and wetland area improvement and maintenance through management

of existing uses, wherever feasible.

1A-O25. Maintain or improve riparian and wetlands to properly functioning condition.

1F-O26. Limit or mitigate ground disturbance in floodplains, riparian areas, and aquatic habitats to

prevent soil movement, loss and sedimentation.

Direction Unique to Alternative 1

[Level 2]

Objectives and standards applicable to areas covered by the Northwest Forest Plan.

Social

Same as Alternative 1 level 1 direction

Economics

Same as Alternative 1 level 1 direction
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appemtfx £-344

Tribal Trust Responsibilities

Northwest Forest Plan standards and guidelines see pages C-31 to C-38

Aquatics

1A-O1(2). General Aquatic Conservation:

• Maintain and restore the distribution, diversity, and complexity of watershed and landscape-scale

features to ensure protection of the aquatic systems.

• Maintain and restore spatial and temporal connectivity within and between watersheds.

• Maintain and restore the physical integrity of the aquatic system.

• Maintain and restore water quality necessary to support healthy riparian, aquatic, and wetland

ecosystems.

• Maintain and restore the sediment regime under which aquatic ecosystems evolved.

• Maintain and restore in-stream flows sufficient to create and sustain riparian, aquatic, and wetland habitats, and to retain patterns of sediment, nutrient, and wood routing.

• Maintain and restore the timing, variability, and duration of floodplain inundation and water table

elevation in meadows and wetlands.

• Maintain and restore the species composition and structural diversity of plant communities in

riparian areas and wetlands to provide adequate summer and winter thermal regulation, nutrient

filtering, appropriate rates of surface erosion, bank erosion, and channel migration and to supply

amounts and distributions of coarse woody debris sufficient to sustain physical complexity and

stability.

• Maintain and restore habitat to support well-distributed populations of native plant, invertebrate,

and vertebrate riparian-dependent species.

1A-O2(2). Emphasize riparian dependent resources by maintain and restoring riparian structure

and function, conferring benefits to riparian dependent and associated species, enhancing habitat

conservation for organisms that are dependent on transition zones between upslopes and riparian

areas, improving travel and dispersal corridors for terrestrial animals and plants and providing

greater connectivity of the watershed. Riparian Reserves serve as connectivity corridors among

Late Successional Reserves.

1A-S1(2). Delineate and manage riparian reserves in all watersheds to protect and restore

riparian and aquatic integrity and function according to prescribed widths for defined categories of

streams or water bodies (see Alt. 2, standard 5-11.6).

1A-S/G(2). Standards and Guidelines: Apply special standards and guidelines that prohibit and regulate activities to lands along streams and unstable or potentially unstable areas

where attainment of aquatic conservation objectives may be retarded or prevented. See

Northwest Forest Plan standards and guidelines pages C-31 to C-38

1A-S2(2). To promote efficient and effective protection and restoration of aquatic/riparian

resources in riparian areas, restoration and vegetation manipulation actions in RMAs should facilitate ecosystem function, reconnect linkages between aquatic, riparian, and upland environments,

and focus on the causes of degradation. Note that some of these guidelines do not apply unless

site-specific or ecosystem analysis is performed.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appetwttx t-945

1A-G1(2). To avoid artificial habitat edges at RMA boundaries in areas of timber harvest,

livestock grazing, or vegetation manipulation, consider feathering vegetation structure between

RMAs and adjacent lands. Implement feathering strategies so as to have negligible effect on bank

stability, streamside shading, channel/floodplain interactions, and wood inputs to the aquatic/riparian system.

1A-G2(2). Design and implement treatments that affect riparian vegetation pattern, composition, or structure in a manner that reflects natural disturbance processes (e.g. flood, fire).

1 A-G3(2). On rangelands, consider regulating domestic grazing intensity and season of

use to limit bank trampling, restore plant vigor, promote vegetation cover, and increase energy

storage.

1A-G4(2). On rangelands, consider regulating spring and seep development so as to protect ecological processes, functions, and states at these sites.

1A-G5(2). Consider locating water development, fencing, salt, and supplements on upland

areas to keep domestic livestock from congregating in riparian areas.

1A-G6(2). Because fencing commonly fails at successfully excluding livestock, consider

other management options prior to implementing permanent enclosures around riparian areas.

1A-G7(2). To reduce adverse consequences to aquatic/riparian resources due to roads,

road obliteration and rehabilitation should be a high priority within RMAs.

1 A-G8(2). Design of necessary new roads in RMAs should be done in a manner that does

not disrupt natural hydrological flow paths, including diversion of streamflow and interception of

surface and subsurface flow.

1A-G9(2). Construct necessary new roads and maintain existing roads in such a manner

to minimize sediment introduction into aquatic environments and disruption of hydrologic regime.

1A-G10(2). Where appropriate, control road access, with the intent to limit introductions of

exotic aquatic biota.

1A-G11(2). Construct all new road stream crossings within RMAs currently supporting fish

species, or streams which historically supported native fish species, in such a manner to maintain

fish passage.

1A-G12(2). All new road stream crossings shall be constructed to accommodate at least

the 100-year flood event. Design criteria should be on the basis of standard engineering practices.

• fish and wildlife (?)

• research (?)

• watershed and habitat restoration. (?)

1A-O3(2). Key watersheds will be identified and managed to maintain and recover at risk stocks

of fish through a system of large refugia (designated areas that provide or are expected to provide, high quality habitat). Two designations of key watersheds has been identified:
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Append^ £946

Key Watersheds (Tier 1 - Aquatic Conservation Emphasis) have been selected for directly

contributing to conservation of at-risk anadromous salmonids, bull trout and resident fish species.

Key watersheds (Tier 2 (other)) were selected as sources of high quality water and may not contain at-risk fish stocks.

1A-S2(2). In key watersheds, no new roads will be built in unroaded portions of inventoried

roadless areas. Reduce road mileage outside roadless areas. Permit no net increase in the

amount of roads, if funds are insufficient to implement reductions.

1A-G13(2). Key watersheds are the highest priority for watershed restoration.

1A-O4(2). Conduct ecosystem analysis within a watershed using the watershed analysis

Procedures to help implement management objectives. Use information from watershed analysis

to guide management prescriptions and monitoring strategies.

1 A-S3(2). Watershed Analysis is required for (a) all key watershed and all roadless areas

prior to resource management activities. Exceptions are minor activities categorically excluded

under NEPA, (b) analysis of earthflows for inclusion with riparian reserve, and (c) modifications of

riparian reserve boundaries.

1A-G14(2). Watershed Analysis is recommended for all other watersheds.

1A-O5(2). Design and implement watershed restoration activities to restore watershed processes,

recover fish and riparian habitat and improve water quality.

1A-G15(2). Focus watershed restoration on removing roads and upgrading those that

remain in the system. Apply silvicultural systems to restore and retain large conifers in Riparian

Reserves.

Northwest Forest Plan Standards and Guidelines Common to All Land Allocations

Standards:

Standards and Guidelines from current plans apply where they are more restrictive or provide

greater benefits to late-successional forest related species than other provisions of the (NW

Forest Plan) Standards and Guidelines.

Exceptions consist of provisions in the NW Forest Plan that are specifically designed to replace

direction in current plans including:

—Direction specific to management for the Northern Spotted Owl and its habitat.

—Administratively Withdrawn Areas that are specified in current plans to benefit certain late successional species are returned to the matrix unless local knowledge indicates the NW Forest

Plan and direction will not meet management objectives for these species.

—Green tree retention standards for the matrix exceeding 15 percent in current plans are superseded by 15 percent retention direction in the Standards and Guidelines.

—For Adaptive Management Areas, direction in current plans needs to be considered-during

planning and implementation activities and may be modified in Adaptive Management Areas

plans based on site specific analysis.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appetwttx 1947

Standard: Unmapped Late-Successional Reserves (See direction page C-3, NW Forest Plan

Standards and Guidelines)

Standard: Watershed Analysis - see Watershed Analysis direction.

Standard: Research (See direction page C-4, NW Forest Plan Standards and Guidelines.

1M-O1. Survey and manage to provide benefits to amphibians, mammals, bryophytes, mollusks,

vascular plants, fungi, lichens and arthropods.

1M-S1. Acquire and use information of known species sites in management of activities.

1M-G1. The appropriate action is generally protection of relatively small sites; for some

species, the appropriate action includes use of specific management treatments.

1M-S2. Develop survey protocols for identified species (as scheduled) and complete prior

to ground disturbing activities.

1M-S3. Conduct extensive surveys for species to find high-priority sites for species management (as scheduled).

1M-S4. Survey for and acquire additional information about certain species (arthropods,

fungi species (not rate and endemic), bryophytes and lichens) to determine necessary levels of

protection.

1M-S5. Known and newly discovered sites of certain identified mollusca and vascular plan

species will be protected from grazing by all practicable steps.

Rangeland

Same as Alt 1 general

Forestland

Congressional Designations

1C-O1. Manage all lands with congressional designations, reserved for specific purposes, by following direction written in applicable legislation or plans.

1C-S1. In Congressionally Reserved Areas, the direction from standards and guidelines

(from Northwest Forest Plan) also applies where it is more restrictive or provides greater benefits

to late-successional forest related species, unless the application of standards and guidelines

would be contrary to legislative or regulatory language or intent.

Late-Successional Reserves

1L-O1. Manage to protect and enhance conditions of Late-Successional and Old Growth forest

ecosystems, which serve as habitat for late successional and old growth related species including

the Northern Spotted Owl. Reserves are designed to maintain a functional interacting, later sue-
Appendix f-94&

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

cessional and old growth forest system. Late successional reserve areas have been designated

including: mapped late-successional reserves, known spotted owl activity centers (in matrix and

adaptive management areas) and protection buffers.

1L-S1. A management assessment should be prepared for each large Late Successional

Reserve (or group of smaller LSRs) before habitat manipulation activities are designed and implemented. Late-successional assessments are subject to review by the Regional Ecosystem Office.

Managed Late-Successional Reserves

1G-O1. Manage to produce and maintain an optimal level of Late-Successional and Old Growth

forest ecosystems on a landscape scale as identified for certain owl activity centers on the eastside where regular and frequent fire is a natural part of the ecosystem. Managed LateSuccessional Areas have been designated for: Managed pair areas for known owl pairs and resident singles (in Washington Eastern Cascades) and Protection Buffers for specific endemic

species.

1G-S1. Each managed late-successional area or group of smaller managed late-successional areas should have a management assessment, as described for late-successional

reserves.

Standard: Late Successional Reserves - Silviculture

Stand and vegetation management of any type is considered a silvicultural treatment.

Guideline: Reduce Risk of Large-scale Disturbance

Risk reduction efforts to reduce the probability of major stand replacing events are encouraged

consistent with the Late Successional Reserve direction.

Guideline: LSR - Silviculture

Silvicultural activities aimed at reducing risk shall focus on younger stands in Late Successional

Reserves to accelerate development of late-successional conditions while making future stands

less susceptible to natural disturbance.

Guideline: Late Sucessional Reserves - Silviculture

Treatments including salvage should not generally result in a degeneration of currently suitable

owl habitat or other late successional conditions.

In LSRs where levels of risk are particularly high and additional measures are required, management activities designed to reduce risks are encouraged. Activities in older stands may be appropriate if: (1) proposed management activities will clearly result in greater assurance of long-term

maintenance of habitat, (2) the activities are clearly needed to reduce risk, and (3) the activities

will not prevent the LSR from playing an effective role in the objectives for which they were established.

Guideline: Late Successional Reserve - Salvage

Management following stand replacing event should be designed to accelerate the high quality

habitat for species associated with late-successional conditions. Salvage activities should focus

on long range conditions based on the desired future condition of the Forest.
Appendix mm

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Guideline:

Specific salvage guides should be developed for each physiographic province and possibly different forest types within the province. Use the guidelines in the NW Forest Plan (p. C-14 to C-16)

for salvage until province direction is provided.

Standards (and Guidelines): Late Successional Reserves - for Multiple Use Activities other than

silviculture.

Most nonsilvicultural activities located inside late-successional reserves that are neutral or beneficial to the creation and maintenance of late successional habitat are allowed. Some existing uses

and current development activities may be modified or eliminated that pose adverse impacts and

changes made to current direction governing these activities (see NW Forest Plan, Standards and

Guidelines, p. C-16 to C-19).

Road Construction and Maintenance Research

Fuelwood Gathering Right-of-way

American Indian Use Contracted Rights

Developments Easements

Land Exchanges Special Use Permits

Habitat Improvement Projects Nonnative Species

Range Management Fire Suppression and Prevention

Special Forest Products Recreational Use

Other

1G-O2. Maintain suitable northern spotted owl habitat through time using various management

techniques. Permit certain silvicultural and fire hazard reduction treatments to prevent complete

stand destruction from large catastrophic events (such as high intensity, high severity fires or disease or insect epidemics).

1G-O3. Maintain an amount of suitable habitat equal to median amounts observed in pair home

ranges in the Province. The location of this acreage may change through time as management is

rotated through the area. Some uncertainty will be accepted in management to provide habitat in

these areas and accommodation of risk should be considered in any Section 7 consultations in

these areas.

Adaptive Management Areas

Objectives:

Learn how to manage on an ecosystem basis in terms of both technical and sound challenges

and in a manner consistent with applicable laws.

Encourage the development and testing of technical and social approaches to achieving desired

ecological, economic and other social objectives.

(See NW Forest Plan Standards and Guidelines, pages D-1 to D-12, for discussion of implementation and applicable Standards and Guidelines. One area - Snoqualmie Pass AMA, Washington,

has been designated within the Eastside EIS area).

1D-S1. Silviculture, salvage and multiple use activities for these areas should always be guided by

the objective of maintaining adequate amounts of suitable habitat.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Apptmefix 1-950

1D-S2. Standards and guidelines applicable for late-successional reserves for multiple use activities (other than silviculture) also apply to managed late successional areas. Protection buffers for

certain rare and locally endemic species - assure viability.

Matrix Lands

1X-O1. On lands outside six categories of designated area, conduct most of the timber harvest

and silvicultural activities on suitable forest lands, according to standards and guidelines. Most

scheduled timber harvest contributing to probable sale quantities (PSQ) takes place in the matrix.

1X-O2. Provide a renewable supply of well distributed coarse woody debris in matrix management

to maintain populations of various organisms that use this habitat structure.

2.1 Standard: Matrix - Course woody debris

Develop models for groups of plant associations and stand types that can be used as a baseline for developing prescriptions and local standards. Until local standards are developed, the following guidelines apply: A minimum of 120 linear feet of logs per acre greater than or equal to 16"

in diameter and 16 feet long should be retained. Decay class 1 and 2 logs can be counted

towards these totals. (See Matrix Standards and Guidelines, p. C-40 and C-41 for additional

requirement).

2.2 Standard: Matrix - Course woody debris

Course woody debris already on the ground should be retained and protected to the greatest

extent possible from disturbance during treatment. Down logs should be left within forest patches

that are retained under green-tree retention guidelines.

1X-O3. Emphasize green tree and snag retention in Matrix management.

3.1 Standard: Matrix - Snag and green tree retention.

Retain at least 15 percent of the area associated with each cutting unit in the matrix lands.

The limitation does not apply to intermediate harvest (thinnings) in evenaged young stands.

3.1 Guideline: Matrix - Snag and green tree retention.

As a general guide, 70 percent of the total area to be retained should be aggregates of moderate to larger size (0.2 to 1 hectare or more) with the remainder as dispersed structures (individual trees, possible including smaller clumps less than 0.2 hectare). Retention of large aggregates

may be particularly important where adjacent areas have little late successional habitat. To the

extent possible, patches and dispersed retention should include the largest, oldest live trees,

decadent or leaning trees, and hard snags occurring in the unit. Patches should be retained indefinitely.

3.2 Standard: Matrix - Snag retention

As a minimum, snags should be retained with the harvest unit at levels sufficient to support

species of cavity-nesting birds at 40 percent of potential population level based on published

guidelines or models. The per acre requirement should be met on average areas no larger than

40 acres.

3.2 Guideline: Matrix - Snag retention

To the extent possible, snag management within the harvest units should occur within the

areas of green tree retention (See also NW Forest Plan, Standards and Guidelines, page C-42 for

additional direction).
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

App«ttfix£95i

L3.3 Standard: Matrix - Lands - specific BLM direction

For lands administered byttie BLM in Oregon, south of Grants Pass, retain 16 to 25 large

green trees per acre in harvest units where available.

1X-O4. Provide additional protection for caves, mines, and abandoned wooden bridges and buildings that are used as roost and hibernation sites for bats.

4.1 Standard: Matrix - Bats

Conduct surveys of crevices in caves, mines and abandoned wooden bridges and buildings

for presence of roosting bats.

4.2 Standard: Matrix - Bats

As an interim measure, timber harvest is prohibited within 250 feet of sites containing bats.

Management standards and guidelines that may be included as mitigation measures in project or

activity plans will be developed for the site. (See also Matrix. Standards and Guidelines, p. C-43

and C-44 for additional direction and discussion.)

1X-O5. Minimize soil and litter disturbance by modifying site treatment practices, particularly use

of fire and herbicides, and modifying harvest methods.

5.1 Standard: Matrix - Modify site treatments

Site treatments should be prescribed which minimizes intensive burning, unless appropriate

for certain specific habitats, communities or stand conditions. Prescribed fire should be planned to

minimize the consumption of litter and coarse woody debris.

5.2 Standard: Matrix - Modify site treatments

Minimize soil and litter disturbance that may occur as a result of yarding and operation of

heavy equipment and minimize the intensity and frequency of site treatments.

1X-O6. Provide for retention of old growth fragments in watersheds where little remains to support

biological and structural diversity (refugia) across the landscape.

1X-S1. On fifth field watersheds (20-200 sq. miles), where federal lands currently comprised

15% or less of late successional forest should be managed to retain and protect all late successional stands.

8. Objective: Current Plans/Draft Plans Preferred Alternative

See NW Forest Plan, Standards and Guidelines, page C-45.

1X-O7. Management of stands in the matrix surrounding known Northern Spotted Owl Activity

Centers will be designed to reduce risks of natural disturbance to protect owl habitat.

1X-O8. White-headed Woodpecker, Black backed woodpecker, Pygmy nuthatch, flammulated owl,

and lynx should have protection buffers in the matrix. (See pages C-45 to C-48, NW Forest Plan

Standards and Guidelines)

10. Objective: Matrix - Fire fuels

(See page C-48, NW Forest Plan Standards and Guidelines)

Minerals

Same as Alternative 1 level 1
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

J|pp*fti&tJMN52

Wildlife

Same as Alternative 1 level 1

Direction for Alternative 2

Level 1

Objectives and Standards

Human Uses and Values

Same direction as Alternative 1.

Physical Environment

Terrestrial Ecosystems

Rangeland

Same direction as Alternative 1.

Disturbances

Same direction as Alternative 1.

Air Quality

Same direction as Alternative 1.

Forestland

Same direction as Alternative 1.

Objectives and Standards from Eastside Screens: RF Forest Plan Amendment #1,5/20/94,

and RF Forest Plan Amendment #2, 6/5/95.

2F-O14. All timber sales will be designated to incorporate interim standards for ecosystem

analysis and management (six types of timber sales are exempt from consideration under this

standard).

2F-S2.

• Characterize the proposed timber sale and its associated watershed for patterns of stand structure by biophysical environment and compare to the Historic Range of Variability (HRV).

• Use the processes and ecosystem characterization steps defined in Regional Forester's Forest

Plan Amendment #2 (6/5/95).

• Identify structural components and biophysical environment combinations that are outside HRV

conditions to determine potential treatment areas. Structural stages include: stand initiation,

stem exclusion - open canopy, stem exclusion - closed canopy, understory reinitiation, multi-stratum without large trees; multi-stratum with large trees, and single stratum with large trees.

(Structural stages definitions for use in HRV analysis can be found in the glossary.)
AppfctttUx I-9S3

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Wilderness and Reserves

Same direction as Alternative 1.

Minerals

Same direction as Alternative 1.

Wildlife Habitat (objectives and standards from Eastside screens)

2W-O1. Maintain old growth tree (reserve where appropriate) habitat (or develop replacement

habitat where presently unavailable) well distributed across the landscape for indicator species

dependent on old growth. Meet key species requirements by managing (reserve) areas of appropriate size and arrangement with adequate larger, older trees; proper stand structures and densities (usually multi-storied), snags and down logs; associated feeding habitat and other criteria.

For Timber Sales use the following:

Use Scenario A whenever any one type of LOS in a particular biophysical environment is below

HRV(9.1b).

Use Scenario B when both LOS stages within a particular biophysical environment are at or

aboveHRV(9.1e).

LOS can be either "multi-strata with large trees" or single strata with large trees).

LOS stages are calculated separately.

2W-O2 (Scenario A). If either one or both of the Late and Old Structural stages fall below HRV in

a particular biophysical environment within a watershed, then there should be no net loss of LOS

from that biophysical environment.

2W-S1 (Scenario A). Do not allow timber sale harvest activities to occur within LOS stages that

are below HRV. Harvest of dead trees may be permitted when standards for snags and down logs

are met.

2W-G1 (Scenario A). Some timber sale activities can occur within LOS stages that are within or

above HRV in a manner to maintain or enhance LOS within that biophysical environment. One

type of LOS may be manipulated to move stands into the LOS stage that is deficit if this meets

historical conditions.

2W-O3 (Scenario A). Outside of LOS, maintain and/or enhance LOS components in stands subject to timber harvest activities.

2W-S2 (Scenario A).

Maintain all remnant late and old serai and/or structural live trees >21" dbh that currently exist

within stands proposed for harvest activities.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

4tafMW0*$984

Manipulate vegetative structure that does not meet late and old structural LOS) conditions using

treatments that move stands toward appropriate LOS conditions to meet HRV.

Maintain open, park-like stand conditions where this condition occurred historically. Manipulate

vegetation in a manner to encourage the development and maintenance of large diameter, open

canopy structure. (While understory removal is allowed, some amount of seedlings, saplings, and

poles need to be maintained for the development of future stands).

2W-O4 (Both Scenarios). Maintain connectivity and reduce fragmentation of LOS stands.

2W-S3. Maintain or enhance the current level of connectivity between LOS stands and Forest

Plan designated "old growth" habitats by maintaining stands between them that serve the purpose

of connections, using criteria for network pattern, connectivity corridor description, length of connection corridors and timber harvest and silvicultural criteria (RF Forest Plan Amendment #2,

6/5/95).

2W-O5 (Scenario B). Maintain wildlife habitat management options by impacting large and/or

contiguous stands of LOS as little as possible, while meeting other multiple use objectives.

2W-S4 (Scenario B). Within a particular biophysical environment within a watershed, if the single,

existing late and old structural (LOS) stage is WITHIN OR ABOVE HRV, OR if both types of LOS

stages occur and BOTH are WITHIN OR ABOVE HRV, then timber harvest can occur within these

stages as long as LOS conditions do not fall below HRV. Enhance LOS structural conditions and

attributes as possible, consistent with other multiple use objectives.

Harvest activities, (any and all types being considered, can occur in the following stand types in

order of priority:

First priority is within stands other than LOS.

Second priority is within smaller, isolated LOS stands <100 acres in size and/or at the edges (first

300 ft.) of large blocks of LOS stands (> 100 acres).

As a last priority some harvesting can occur within the interior of large LOS stands (>100 acres)

(beyond 300 ft. from edge), but is limited to non-fragmenting prescriptions such as thinning, single-tree selection (UEAM), salvage, understory removal, and other non-regeneration activities.

Group selection (UEAM) is only allowed when openings created either mimic the natural forest

pattern, and/or do not exceed 1/2 acre in size; REGENERATION and GROUP SELECTION

ACTIVITIES ARE NOT ALLOWED.

2W-O6. Manage dead trees (snags) to provide the required numbers and size of snags throughout the Forest to maintain primary cavity excavators at 40 to 60 percent of their potential population in timber production areas and appropriate levels in other areas; leave appropriate levels of

green trees to serve as a source of future snags.

2W-S5 (timber sales). For snags, down logs and green tree replacement habitats (RF Forest

Plan Amendment #2):
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

;JMMMNidfet£0Gy5

Maintain snags and green tree replacement trees of >21 inches DBH (or whatever is the representative DBH of the overstory layer if it is less than 21 inches), at 100% potential population levels of primary cavity excavators.

For lodgepole pine stands, all sale activities will maintain snags and green replacement/roost

trees of > 10 inches dbh at 100 percent potential population levels of cavity excavators. The

largest available trees should be left to meet this requirement.

Retain down logs at appropriate quantities while permitting accomplishment of fire protection

needs for life and property and prescribed burning and without extraordinary measures to meet

requirements.

Leave pre-activity (currently existing) levels down logs, unless they exceed the quantities listed

below. Harvest activities should supplement pre-activity levels of down logs up to the maximum

level shown below. Exceptions can be made where fire protection needs for life and property cannot be accomplished with this quantity of debris left on site.

Species Piece Length Diameter Small End Total Lineal Length

Pieces Per Acre

Ponderosa Pine 2-6 12" >6 ft. 20-45 ft.

Mixed Conifer 15-20 12" >6 ft. 100-140 ft.

Lodgepole Pine 15-20 £T >8 ft. 120-160 ft.

2W-O7. Provide dead and down logs in appropriate numbers by size classes to support species

that utilize this resource.

2W-S6 (timber sales). For snags, down logs and green tree replacement habitats (RF Forest

Plan Amendment #2):

Maintain snags and green tree replacement trees of >21 inches DBH (or whatever is the representative DBH of the overstory layer if it is less than 21 inches), at 100% potential population levels of primary cavity excavators.

For lodgepole pine stands, all sale activities will maintain snags and green replacement/roost

trees of > 10 inches dbh at 100 percent potential population levels of cavity excavators. The

largest available trees should be left to meet this requirement.

Retain down logs at appropriate quantities while permitting accomplishment of fire protection

needs for life and property and prescribed burning and without extraordinary measures to meet

requirements.

Leave pre-activity (currently existing) levels down logs, unless they exceed the quantities listed

below. Harvest activities should supplement pre-activity levels of down logs up to the maximum

level shown below. Exceptions can be made where fire protection needs for life and property cannot be accomplished with this quantity of debris left on site.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

AppetttHx 1-956

Species Piece Length Diameter Small End Total Lineal Length

Pieces Per Acre

Ponderosa Pine 2-6 12" >6ft. 20-45 ft.

Mixed Conifer 15-20 12" >6 ft. 100-140 ft.

Lodgepole Pine 15-20 JT >8 ft. 120-160 ft.

2W-O8. Manage forest stands and shrub and grassland communities and successional stages to

provide suitable big game habitat(s); cover quality, cover size and spacing, open road densities,

and forage quality to meet species needs as defined in a Habitat Effectiveness Index.

2W-O9. Protect big game habitats at key times including winter ranges, calving/fawning areas,

wallows, and migration areas by maintaining desired vegetative structure and characteristics.

2W-O10. Manage unique or featured wildlife habitats including cliffs, talus, caves; seeps-springs;

bogs, wallows and other wet areas (generally under 10 acres) to protect their primary values.

2W-O11. (Both Scenarios): As a minimum, manage to insure goshawk species viability by meeting the following standard; Forest Plan standards and guidelines that exceed the standards should

be used instead of or in addition to.

2W-S7. Protect every known active and known nesting site used in the last 5 years.

Seasonal restrictions on activities near nest sites will be required for activity types that may disturb or harass pair while bonding and nesting.

30 acres of the most suitable nesting habitat surrounding all active and historical nest tree(s) will

be deferred from harvest. A 400-acre "Post Fledging Area" (PFA) will be established around every

known active nest site. While some harvest activities can occur within this area, retain at least 60

percent of the area in LOS condition or all the LOS stands if less than 60 percent. Enhance

younger stands towards LOS condition, as possible.

Aquatic Ecosystems

2A-O1. Meet or exceed state water quality protection and restoration requirements through planning, application and monitoring of Best Management Practices (BMPs).

2A-O2. Protect beneficial uses by implementing water quality practices, plans, and policies in current memorandums of understanding with the states.

2A-O3. Evaluate proposed projects or management actions for cumulative effects on water

quality, quantity or stream channels.

2A-O4. Disperse activities in time and space, where practicable, to the extent needed to meet

management requirements.

2A-O5. Inventory, treat and improve conditions in watersheds in need of restoration to reverse and

arrest adverse impacts to water quality and fish habitat.
Apperaflx I-957

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Objectives and Standards from Pacfish, Except Infish, as Noted.

2A-O6. For streams of moderate to large size (3rd to 7th order), within watersheds with anadromous fish the following (Interim) Riparian Management Objectives apply.

• No measurable increase in maximum water temperature measured as the average of the maximum daily temperature of the warmest consecutive 7-day period. Maintain maximum water temperatures below 64°F within migration and rearing habitats and below 60°F within spawning

habitats. INFISH - Maximum temperature below 59°F with adult holding habitat below 48°F within spawning and rearing habitat.

• In forested systems, provide large woody debris >20 pieces per mile; >12-inch diameter; >35

feet in length (for Oregon, Washington, and Idaho).

• In non-forested systems, maintain >80 percent bank stability and >75% of banks with <90

degree angle (i.e., undercut).

• Achieve a pool frequency for all systems: Wetted width in feet: 10, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150,

200; Number pools per mile: 96, 56, 47, 26, 23, 18, 14, 12, 9;

• [Pools per mile applies to Rosgen "C" channels within each system (Section 7 Fish Habitat

Monitoring Protocol for the Upper Columbia Basin, June 1994). National Forests and BLM

Districts are to develop pools/mile objectives for other appropriate stream channels.]

• Same as Alternative 1 for items c, e, and g.

• Maintain a width/depth ratio of all stream systems <10 mean wetted width divided by mean

depth.

2A-S1. Delineate and manage (Interim) Riparian Habitat Conservation Areas (RHCAs) in every

anadromous watershed to help maintain integrity of aquatic ecosystems. Standard widths are

defined for:

• fish bearing streams; 300 ft;

• permanently flowing non-fish bearing streams, 150 ft.;

• ponds, lakes, reservoirs and wetlands greater than 1 acre, 150 ft.;

• seasonally flowing or intermittent streams, wetlands less than 1 acres, landslides and landslide

prone areas;

• Key watersheds, 100 ft.;

• Non-key watersheds, 50 ft.;

• non-forested rangeland ecosystems - permanently flowing streams (100-year flood plain).

(See standard widths for defined categories of streams or water bodies for forested and rangeland systems in glossary OR could add widths definitions here.)

2A-S2. Project and site specific standards and guidelines apply to RHCAs and to projects and

activities in areas outside RHCAs that would degrade them (See pages , PACFISH RHCA

S&G's related to management activities): 1) Timber, 2) Roads, 3) Grazing, 4) Recreation, 5)

Minerals, 6) Fire/Fuels, 7) Lands, 8) General Riparian, 9) Fish and Wildlife, 10) Research, and

11)Watershed and Habitat Restoration.

2A-O7. During the period of interim direction, all watersheds that contain designated critical habitat for listed anadromous fish will be treated as key watersheds to provide protection across the

landscape where habitat for anadromous fish receive special attention and treatment.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Apperttltx J-9SS

2A-S3. (For Key Watersheds to be developed at this stage, no direction found similar to Northwest

Forest Plan.)

2A-O8. [INFISH Priority Watershed] Designated priority watersheds contain watersheds with

excellent habitat or strong assemblages of inland native fish, with a priority on bull trout populations; watersheds that provide for meta-population objectives; and degraded watersheds with a

high restoration potential to provide a pattern of protection across the landscape where habitat for

inland native fish would receive special attention and treatment.

2A-S4. [INFISH Priority Watershed] Within priority watersheds, ongoing activities have been

screened to categorize the extent of risk they represent to bull trout habitat or populations.

Projects determined to be a high or medium risk must be reviewed by Forest Supervisors and,

subject to valid existing rights, they have three options to pursue: Modify the action to reduce the

risk; postpone the action until the final direction is issued; or within one month, Forest Supervisors

will submit to their respective Regional Foresters an action plan for how high and moderate risk

projects will be modified to avoid an unacceptable risk. Modifications for moderate and high risk

projects should be initiated within 2 months with high risk projects having the highest priority. If

there are compelling reasons why a project can not be modified delayed, or canceled, the Forest

Supervisor will include in the action plan written documentation of the rationale for such action

and what other mitigating measures will be implemented to assure there is not an unacceptable

risk. For low risk projects, Forest Supervisors must provide an action plan by March 1, 1996, for

means to assure there is not an unacceptable risk.

2A-O9. Use the Ecosystem Analysis at a Watershed Scale or other appropriate procedures to

conduct Watershed Analysis to provide information to management in implementing management

objectives.

2A-S5. Completion of a Watershed Analysis is required for the following:

I. Modifications of (Interim) RMO's which better reflect conditions attainable in a specific watershed or stream reaches.

II. Generally, modification of (interim) RHCAs boundaries (widths) in all watersheds or documented stream reach or site specific data with supporting rationale and effects of the change.

III. Prior to salvage cutting in RHCA's for watersheds with listed salmon or designated critical

habitat.

IV. Prior to construction of new roads or landings in RHCA's for watersheds with listed salmon or

designated critical habitat.

V. Prior to construction of new recreation facilities in RHCAs for watersheds with listed salmon or

designated critical habitat.

2A-G1. Use Watershed Analysis as a basis for evaluating cumulative effects; defining restoration

needs, goals, and objectives; implementing restoration strategies and monitoring effectiveness of

watershed protection measures.

2A-O10. Use watershed restoration actions to improve the current conditions of watersheds to

restore degraded habitat and to provide long-term protection to natural resources, including riparian and aquatic resources.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appeittttx 1-95-9

2A-G2. Use information from Watershed Analysis (and project development) to initiate restoration

strategies and projects where appropriate and funds are available. Key and priority watersheds

have priority for conducting watershed restoration.

Ecosystem Analysis

See Objective 2A-09 and Standard 2A-S5.

Objectives and standards applicable to areas covered by the Northwest Forest Plan is the

same as Alternative 1.
Table 3-11. Objectives and Standards for Alternatives 1 - 7

Definitions

Objectives - measureable, time-specific indicators used to measure progress toward attainment of 

and long-term actions taken to meet goals.

Standards - Required management actions addressing how to achieve objectives. Standards can 

refrain from taking action in certain situations.

Guidelines - Suggested actions, priorities, processes, or prescriptions that are useful in meeting ob

Common terminology will be used prior to publication of the DEISs.

For these EISs, the following terminology has been used to distinguish standards from guidelines (so

Degree of Compliance or Restriction in Directives):

Verb Degree of Compliance/Restriction 

Must, shall Action is mandatory. 

Should, ought Action is required unless justifiable reason exists for not taking action.

May, can, could Action is optional. 

Will Verb does not convey a degree of restriction.

Applies only to a statement of future condition or an expression 

of time. Not to be used in place of shall or must.

* NOTE: The objectives that follow are intended to move conditions TOWARD the DRFC. *

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs. It is pr

of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS 
Table 3-11. EASTSIDE and UCRB Description of Alternatives: Objectives and Standards; S=Substance

For specific levels of activity by alternative and cluster, see tables 3-12 and 3-13. For associated guidelines, see list fo

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 • Alternatives Atternattv94 _ Alternative 5 Altern

ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT (EM)

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-O1. ObjectivefP]: Analyze ecosystems and components of ecosystems through mu

processe, and disturbance mechanisms at scales consistent with causes and interaction

Standards EM-S1-7. See Guidelines EM-G1-7.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-O2. Objectlve[P]: Identify opportunities and establish priorities for vegetation, presc

recreation, and watershed management at the 4th code HUC scale (subbasin and subse

from the science assessment with finer scale data to tier to goals and objectives of the IC

Guidelines EM-G1-7.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-O3. Objective[P]: Move away from project driven watershed scale analysis and mov

that support ecosystem planning.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-O4. Objective[P]: Analyze ecosystems at the watershed scale using the federal inte

R1/R4/R6 policy implementation guide prior to management actions that have issues or 

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S1. Standard[P]: Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management units shall condu

or groups of 4th HUC) analysis at a coarse scale using the science assessment and loca

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S2. Standard[P]: Ecosystem analysis at the watershed scale (20-200 square miles) 

rates subbasin analysis results to support management prescriptions and recommendati

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S3. Standard[P]: Line officers should be involved to determine the level of analysis 

of personnel, time, and funds for successful completion of the analysis.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S4. Standard[P]: Interim RMOs, RMAs, and standards and guidelines shall provide 

Ecosystem Analysis. The rationale and logic for deviation from these interim provisions s

decision process.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S5. Standard[P]: If Ecosystem Analysis is completed for a watershed, Forest Servic

analysis for information to facilitate new project analysis. If information supports project i

analysis in the NEPA decision process. If information does not support project issues, th

supplements the previous analysis should be completed.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S6. Standard[P]: During the NEPA decision process for management actions that re

Management Objectives should be developed that incorporate information and recomme

a previous EA or EIS established Watershed Management Objectives, they should be rev

modified if new information indicates they are inconsistent with management intent.

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs. It is pr

of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS 
Table 3-11. EASTSIDE and UCRB Description of Alternatives: Objectives and Standards; S=Substance, P

For specific levels of activity by alternative and cluster, see tables 3-12 and 3-13. For associated guidelines, see list follo

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S7. Standard[P]: Regional and State Offices should develop and coordinate an adviso

intent of Ecosystem analysis is consistently applied within the Eastside and Upper Columbia 

EM-OS. Objective[S]: Eliminate/reduce the potential for disease transmission between dom

SOIL PRODUCTIVITY

Current Current EM-O6. ObjectivefS]: Prevent degradation of soil quality and loss of soil productivity. See G

direction in direction in

handbook for handbook for

FS lands FS lands

EM-O7. Objectlve[S]: Protect soil hydrologic function and productivity in riparian areas to p

regulation of nutrient cycling.

EM-O8. ObjectivefS]: Restore soil productivity, quality, and function in areas where loss ha

EM-S8. Standard[P]: The Forest Service and BLM shall develop soil productivity protection 

on inventories and existing information.

EM-O9. Objective[P]: Restore nutrient cycling and decomposition processes to provide for 

est and rangeland ecosystems by providing for natural levels of vegetation composition, den

both in standing and downed biomass, in a manner that allows for recruitment over time.

EM-S9. StandardfS]: Large diameter standing and downed wood should be retained on sit

and nutrient stores.

EM-S10. Standard[P]: Recommendations for managing coarse woody debris shall be deve

vegetation type.

EM-S11. Default Standard[S]: In the absence of local data, the following amounts of coars

left on site.

Unburned/low intensity burn sites: 10-15 tons/acre.

Moderate intensity burn sites: 15-20 tons/acre.

High intensity burn sites: 20-30 tons/acre.

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs. It is prov

of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS doc
Table 3-11. EASTSIDE and UCRB Description of Alternatives: Objectives and Standards; S=Substance

For specific levels of activity by alternative and cluster, see tables 3-12 and 3-13. For associated guidelines, see list f

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 Aftanw

ffW^^^H^IpPp^ ,^pl^||«ppllip^<jfj'•,.' •'t^i^lllllllla|w-p^'' '„' •.""J44, ,;fWW*iWffi(^^^H^f* ^l^^fW^wlww w ^wMW-w

ROADS

Not Applicable PACFISH, EM-O10. Objective[S]: Reduce road-related effects and potential effects on watersheds

INFISH and resources at levels specified in tables 3-12 and 3-13 while providing for resource manag

access human access needs such as recreation and tribal activities, etc. See Standards EM-S1

strategies

needed for

wildlife

management

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S12. Standard[P]: Develop and implement a standardized road condition and risk in

ic manner that addresses multiple scales, temporally and spatially.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S13. StandardfS]: Construct all new road crossings of streams and rivers that curre

torically supported native fish species, in such a manner as to maintain fish passage.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S14. Standard[P]: Transportation plans, including Access and Travel management p

grated resource manner. These plans should be used to support Ecosystem analysis at 

long-term transportation needs and road maintenance practices. These plans also shoul

roads for rehabilitation, closure, or obliteration to reduce road-related effects to watershe

resources.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S15. Standard[S]: There shall be no net increase in road density in any clusters. Ro

a equal or greater mileage decrease on a per cluster basis.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S16. Standard[S]: Reduce the risk of wildlife mortality or displacement/avoidance ca

all forest clusters with the presence or potential of large carnivores.

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-S17. Standard: Not applicable. 

NOXIOUS WEEDS

Not Applicable Not Applicable EM-O11. ObjectivefS]: To maintain biodiversity and productivity of native rangeland pla

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs. It is 

of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS