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# UK / %««* * UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA LPROTECTIO N AGENC Y AN N ARBOR . MICHIGAN=-48,105 ? f"V . 

### FE B L

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### 199 2 MEMORANDU

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### V'M . OFFIC E O F AI R AN O RADIATIO N 

# U J U-* ' SUBJECT : Meetin g Betwee nEPAan d AP I t o Discus s Treatmen t o f RF G Withi n th e Draf t FF ARegistratio nProgram FROM : Caroly

nKrueger , Chemica l Enginee r (jW-^f^^j^^l) Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Bi/anc

h* " Dcota t NO . A-90-0 7 M^^/Ucar^h THRU : GlennW . Passavant , Senio r Projec t Manage r

Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branc h O n Monday , Octobe r 21 , 1991 , representative s fromEP Aan d th e America n Petroleu

mInstitut e (API ) me t a t EPA' s Moto r Vehicl e Emission s Laboratoryi n AnnArbor , Michigan . (Se e Attachment s fo r a copyo f th e briefing presented. ) Area s discusse d wer e th e philosoph

ybehind th e fue l an d fue l additiv e program development , emissio ncharacterizatio nrequirement s o f bot hth e RF Gan d FFA programs , an

d produc t grouping i nth e draf t fue l and fue l additiv e program . A s a follow-u

p t o th e meeting discusse d above , AP I submitte d idea s t o EP Ao nNovembe r 1 , 1991 , i nregar d t o th e preconditioning o f vehicle s prio r t o performing emission s characterizations . Thi s inpu t i s als o attached . Attachment sP. 3



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## Treatmen t o f Reformulate d Gasoline s Withi n th e Draf t Fuel s and Fue l Additive s Program

Octobe r 21 , 199 1P. 5

Overvie w

• Statutor yRequirement s

• FF AProgra mDevelopmen t Philosophy

• FF A- RF GProgramInteractio nConcern s

• Discussio no f Approac h

• Discussio nP. 6

Statutor yRequirement s

• Sectio n211(b ) prescribe s broa d and somewha t explici t requirement s fo r th e registratio no f al l fuels/additive s wit hregar d to :

- Emissio ncharacterizatio n

- Healt heffect s

- Welfar e effect s

- Emissio ncontro l system s

• Th e statut e contain s severa l provision s designe d t o reduc e regulator yburden ; mos t notabl ygrouping s and th e us e o f adequat e pre-existin g information .
• Th e progra mi s expecte d t o commenc e i n mi d 199 3 wit h requirement s t o b e complete d bymi d 1996 .
• Sectio n21 1 (k ) call s fo r th e sal e o f RF Gi nnin e nonattainmen t area s beginnin g i n1995 . RF Gi s expecte d t o provid e VO C and ai r toxi c benefits .P. 7

FF AProgramDevelopmen t Philosoph y

• Th e FF Aprogram' s goa l ha s bee nt o develo p a program whic hcause s th e minimumeconomic/administrativ e burde n whil e stil l achievin g th e mandates , goals , and purpose s o f th e statute .

- EC S impac t program

- Exemption s

- Tier s

- Previou s informatio n

- Grouping s

• Th e developmen t o f thes e provision s ha s bee nbase d o n th e statutor yauthorit ygrante d EP Awithi nth e constraint s o f goo d scienc e and sound publi c policy .P. 8

FF A- RF GProgramInteractio nConcern s 1 ) Emissio nCharacterizatio nRequirement s RF GFF A Determinatio nof : Determinatio no f individual :

- benzen e - hydrocarbon s

- 1,3-butadien e - aldehyde s and ketone s

- formaldehyd e - alcohol s and ether s

- acetaldehyd e - PA H

- PO M- NPAH

- non-methan e VO C - atypica l elemen t emission s

- NO x- regulate d emission s

• Bot hprogram s dea l wit hcombustio nand evaporativ e emission s bu t thei r purpose s ar e different .
• RF Gprogra mgoa l i s a decreas e i ntota l mas s o f selecte d ai r toxics , withou t regar d t o th e amoun t o r effect s o f individua l pollutants ; FF Aprogramgoa l i s th e identificatio nand quantificatio no f individua l pollutant s and toxicit yassessmen t o f whol e emissions .
• RF Guse s modelin g wit hlimite d testin g fo r mode l augmentation ; FF Ause s emissio ntestin g exclusively .
• RF Gi s base d o n199 0 vehicl e technology ; FF Ai s base d o ncurren t vehicl e technologya t th e tim e o f testing .
• Sinc e RF Gemissio ncharacterizatio nfocu s i s muc hmor e limite d tha nFFA , w e coul d los e importan t dat a o nothe r emission s ( 7 v s >10 0 compounds) .
• Ther e appear s t o b e a lac k o f dat a o neffect s o f specifi c oxygenate s o r oxygenat e interactiv e effect s whic hreduce s th e credibilit yo f RF Gresults .
• Give nFF Arequirement s fo r healt heffect s testing , ver ylittl e financia l saving s wil l resul t sinc e vehicl e acquisitio nand mileag e accumulatio n wil l stil l b e needed . FF Aemission s result s wil l b e usefu l fo r refinin g th e RF Gmodel .P. 9

2 ) Produc t Groupin g i nth e FF AProgram

• Th e 21 1 statut e allow s fo r groupin g o f fuel s and additive s t o reduc e complianc e costs .
• Th e mos t accurat e metho d fo r groupin g FF Awoul d bas e group s o nemissio nproducts . Thi s metho d require s emissio ncharacterizatio n procedure s t o b e performe d firs t and group s t o b e establishe d subsequently . Thi s metho d ha s bee ndetermine d t o b e impractica l du e t o tim e constraint s specifie d b yth e statute . EP Ai s proposin g group s base d o nuncombuste d produc t composition .
• Basin g group s o nproduc t compositio nforce s EP At o mak e decision s a s t o th e rang e o f produc t parameter s tha t wil l produc e simila r emission s and therefor e b e groupe d together . EP Amus t weig hth e amoun t o f allowabl e compositio nvariabilit yi na group agains t th e expecte d emissio nvariability .
• Nevertheless , simila r decision s regardin g fue l compositio nvariabilit yand emission s variabilit yoccu r whe nmakin g groupin g decision s regardin g conventiona l gasolin e (e.g. , aromati c content , fue l species ) and ye t w e ar e no wconsiderin g tha t thes e coul d b e groupe d together . However , ther e ar e concern s tha t importan t healt heffect s coul d b e misse d whe non e o r mor e characteristic s i s permitte d a larg e range .
• Furthermore , i t i s recognize d tha t fuel s no wproduce d unde r Sectio n211(f ) waiver s ma yhav e substantia l oxygenat e conten t o f varyin g species .
• I t ma yb e inconsisten t t o permi t broa d groupin g o f conventiona l gasoline s wit hrelativel ylarg e range s i n compositiona l characteristic s whil e havin g les s toleranc e fo r oxygenate s eve nthoug hthe yar e permitte d unde r 211(f) .
• Anapproac hi s possibl e t o asses s concern s abou t thes e varyin g range s i nfue l parameters :

- baselin e clas s

- non-baselin e clas sP.1 0

Discussio no f Approac h

• Th e definitio no f th e "Baselin e Formulation " clas s woul d b e expande d t o includ e al l fuel s withi nth e sub . sim . definitio nand waivere d limit s a s o f th e FF AANPRM publicatio ndate , unde r th e stipulatio ntha t th e fue l resembl e th e baselin e fue l use d t o represen t th e group .
• Th e "Oxygenate d Formulation " clas s woul d b e eliminate d and a ne wclas s b e forme d terme d th e "Non-baselin e Formulation " class . Th e "Non-baselin e Formulation " clas s woul d contai nal l formulation s tha t ar e no t withi nth e bound s o f wha t EP Adetermine s t o b e i nbaselin e fuels . Bound s woul d b e place d o nth e parameter s tha t EP A determine s t o hav e potential/unknowneffect s o nth e emission s and health .
• EP Aanticipate s thes e parameter s ma yinclud e a t leas t oxygenat e conten t and aromati c content . Othe r candidat e parameter s includ e bound s o noxygenat e and aromati c specie s (benzene , toluene , xylene ) and PAH content .
• Th e oxygenate d fuel s tha t ar e beyon d th e waivere d limi t tha t woul d hav e previousl ybee npar t o f th e "Oxygenate d Formulation " clas s wil l becom e par t o f th e "Non-baselin e Formulation " class .
• Th e NPR Mask s fo r commen t o nth e parameter s tha t shoul d b e use d t o mak e th e distinctio nbetwee nbaselin e and non-baselin e formulation s and th e value s th e bound s o nthes e parameter s shoul d be .
• Dependin g o nth e informatio nsubmitted , possibl e outcome s ar e n o fuels/additive s i nth e non-baselin e group o r a limite d numbe r focuse d o naddressin g identifie d concern s relativ e t o bound s o nth e parameters . RF Gwoul d b e i nth e baselin e fue l clas s pendin g th e outcom e o f th e rul e (i.e. , th e bound s o nth e chose nparameters) .P.1 1 -E D AGENCIES TC:9i313S£343c 3 ND Ui , 199 1 4:02P

MS75 2 P.0 2

VEHICL E PRECONDITIONINGREQUIREMENT I N EPA' S FUEL S AND FUEL S ADDITIVE S ANPRM EP Apropose s tha t vehicle s b e conditione d fo r 25,00 0 mile s o n onl ythe fue l intende d t o b e tested . Th e inten t o f thi s requirement , a s AP I understand s it , i s t o completel yeliminat e th e probabilit ytha t a n emission s effec t ma yb e du e t o anythin g othe r tha nth e propertie s o f the fue l bein g tested . Thi s requiremen t i s no t necessaryfo r th e majorit yo f fuel s and fue l additive s likel yt o b e registere d unde r thi s propose d rule . Th e usua l break-i nperio d fo r a ne wvehicl e t o b e use d fo r emissio n testing i s abou t 4,00 0 miles . Abov e 4,00 0 miles , enission s ar e reasonabl ystabl e bu t slowl yincreas e wit hmileag e ove r the remaining lif e o f the vehicle . Th e importan t consideratio n(an

d norma l practice ) fo r emissio ntestin g i s t o choos e a vehicl e accordin g t o it s emissio nlevel , hardwar e typ e and/o r tota l accumulate d mileage . Th e Join t Auto/Oi l Ai r Qualit y Improvemen t Researc hProgram(AQIRP ) teste d vehicle s representativ e o f curren t emissio ncontro l technologywhic hha d abou t 10,00 0 accumulate d miles . Thi s criterio nwa s recommende d byAP I i nour comment s o n th e reformulate d gasolin e NPRM . Fo r consistency , w e recommend tha t EPAadop t a simila r criterio nfo r test s conducte d unde r thi s propose d rule . Onc e a vehicl e i s selected , i t i s importan t t o "condition " th e charcoa l evaporativ e emission s contro l caniste r t o th e tes t fue l t o minimiz e carry-ove r effect s froman ypreviou s gasolin e use d i n th e automobile . Th e standar d practic e i s t o replac e th e fue l i n th e vehicl e tank wit hth e fue l t o b e teste d and t o operat e th e vehicl e ove r a shor t distanc e o f n o mor e than1 0 t o 3 0 mile s o f typica l stop-and-g o urba n driving prio r t o measurin g th e emissions . Fo r EPA' s ne wvehicl e emission s certification , vehicle s ar e drive nfo r 50,00 0 mile s o n a mileag e accumulatio ntes t fuel . A t eac h10,00 0 mil e interval , emission s ar e measure d wit hth e vehicl e operate d o ncertificatio nfue l whic hi s differen t tha n tha t use d fo r th e mileag e accumulation . Prio r t o eac htest , fuel s ar e switche d an d th e vehicl e i s preconditione d b ydrivin g i t ove r on e Federa l Tes t Procedur e (FTP ) cycl e whic hamount s t o abou t 1 1 mile s o f stop-and-g o driving . Sinc e th e us e o f ne wfuel s an d fue l additive s mayonl yresul t i n smal l difference s i n th e mas s emission s o f individua l hydrocarbo n species , AP I recommend s tha t th e preconditionin g procedur e use d byth e Join t Auto/Oi l Ai r Qualit yImprovemen t Researc hProgra m (AQIRP ) b e adopte d b yEPA . Vehicle s i nth e AQIR P wer e conditione d ove r 3 FT P cycle s fo r a tota l o f abou t 3 0 mile s becaus e o f concer nabou t possibl e fue l carryove r effect s whe n fuel s wer e switched . Du e t o a simila r concer nabou t th eP.1 2 .;:FED fidENCIEs T0:913i3SS343S B NO U1 . 193 1 <

S :03PM S75 0P.E 3
potentia l fue l carryove r effect s o f gasolin e oxygenate d blends , a nEPAcontracto r als o use d a 3 FT P cycl e conditionin g procedur e i na recen t tes t program. 1 Whil e th e AQIR P procedur e shoul d b e sufficien t fo r th e vas t majorit yo f testing performe d unde r th e propose d rule , ther e ma y b e som e situation s wher e mor e extensiv e vehicl e conditionin g i s necessary . Po t example , th e registratio no f a fue l o r fue l additiv e whic hi s suspecte d t o influenc e th e prope r functionin g o f th e catalys t i nth e vehicl e emissio ncontro l syste mwoul d necessitat e durabilit ytesting wherebyvehicle s ar e operate d o n th e propose d fue l fo r severa l thousand s o f miles . However , thes e case s woul d b e handle d unde r th e EP Aregulation s pertainin g t o fue l and fue l additiv e waiver s and nee d no t b e duplicate d i n thi s propose d rule . I f healt heffect s testin g i s necessaryfo r thes e situations , w e recommend tha t i t b e coordinate d wit hth e vehicl e mileag e accumulatio nconducte d i nsuppor t o f the waive r reques t process .

1 M , Warner-Selp hand L . Smith , Southwes t Researc hInstitute , Assessmen t o f Unregulate d Emission s Fro mGasolin e Oxygenate d Blends , prepare d fo r U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Marc h 1991 , EP A460/3-91-002 .