SUBTITLE D ESTABLISaMENTS



# VVESTAP An Employee-Owned ResearchCorporation
I YDRAFT 

### FINAL REPORT SCREENING SURVEY OF INDUSTRIAL SUBTITLE D ESTABLISHMENTS

Submitted to The Environmental Protection Agency Office of SolidWaste 401*MStreet, S.W. -WashingtonD.C. 20460 (Under Contract No. 68-01-7359) Authors Kirsten Schroeder

Robert Clickner

Esther Miller

Submitted by Westat, Inc. 1650 Research Boulevard Rockville, Mayland 20850 December 29, 1987I Sect ion

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

# .............. o....... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

# .....o........... 

### I

NTRODUCT1ON 

# ............................... 1.1 Regulatory Background 

# ................. 1.2 Need for Screening Survey 

# ............. 1.3 Objectives of the Screening Survey 

# .... STUDY METHODOLOGY 

# ........................... 2.1 Frame Development and Sample Design 

# ... 2.1.1

. Target Population 

# ............. 2.1.2 Sample Frame Development 

# ...... 2.1.3 Sample Design 

# ................. 2.2 Questionnaire Design 

# .................. 2.3 Data Collection Procedures 

# ............ 2.3.1 Programming the Questionnaire for CAT1 ... 

# . ...

# ..

# . . . . ..

# .. .

# . . 2.3.2 Pre-Data Collection Procedures 

# .................. 2.3.3 Response Rate 

# ................. 2.3.4 Data Quality Assurance Procedures 

# .................. STATISTICAL RELIABILITY AND DATA ACCURACY

# -.. 3.1 Sampling Error 

# ........................ 3.2 Nonsampling Error 

# ..................... RESULTS OF THE STUDY 

# ........................ 4.1 Waste Management Practices at the Establishment Level 

# ................. 4.1.1 Total Number of Establishments that Manage Industrial Subtitle 

### D Waste 

# ............ that use Waste Management Units toManage Subtitle D Industrial Process Wastes 

# ... Managed 

### in Subtitle D LandBased Management Units 

# ...... 4.1.2 Total Number of Establishments
4.1.3 Total Quantity of Waste Paqe 

### ix X 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-4 2-1 2-1 "2-1 2-3 2-5 2-7 2-10 2-10 2-13 2-14 2-15 3-1 3-1 3-3 4-1 4-4
4-4
4-6 4-13 ii I, I I " wy_‘section 

# R TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 

# I Pase 4.0 4.2 Waste Management Practices at the 

# I I .......................... 4-19 4.2.1 Landfills 4-19 4-23 4.2.3 Land Application Units 4-28 Unit Level



# ..................... 4.2.2 Surface Impoundments 

# .......... 4.2.4 Waste Piles 4-33 

# ........ 

# ................... 4.3 4.4 Alternative Waste Management Practices 

# ........................... 4.5 Closed Units 

# .......................... 4.6 Specific Information 

# ................ Generators 

# .................. Handle SQG Wastes, by Unit Type 

# ................... Handle Halogenated Solvents, Non-Halogenated Solvents, and metals in Subtitle D Units 

# .. Capacity and Surface Area Estimates 

### of Land-Based Waste Management Units 

# ...
Small Quantity Generator and Waste4.6.1 Number of Small Quantity 4.6.2 Number of Establishments that 4.6.3 Number 

### of Establishments that
ADDendix 

### A B INDUSTRIAL SUBTITLE D SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE COPY OF LETTER 

### AND LIST OF QUESTIONS SENT TO RESPONDENTS PRIOR TO THE INTERVIEW 

# ....... 4-37 4-40 4-47 4-48 4-48 4-54
4-57
A- 1 B-1 

# B i 1. I 

# 2. 

# E 1 C INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC ESTIMATES 

# ................. 

# I I 

# I 1

iii
<

### Table 2-1
2-2
3-1 4-1 4-2 4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6

4-7
4-8
4-9 4-10 LIST OF TABLES 

### Pase In-Scope Groups, SIC

### Codes,Number 

### of Establishments Provided by Dun and Bradstreet, Number of 

### Establishment 

### in Sample 

# ............... 2-4 

### Sample Size of Eligible Establishments that Completed 

### a Questionnaire 

### in Each Industry by Size of 

### Establishment 

# ........................ t1Don8t Know" 

### Responses 

# .......................... Industry Group Numbering System 

# ................. Managed Subtitle D Industrial Waste in 1985 

# ..... Estimated Number of 

### Establishments that Estimated Number of 

### Establishments 

### that Managed Subtitle D IndustrialWaste in 1985 

### in Select Industries

# ............................. Estimated Number of Establishments that Managed Waste in Land-Based Waste Management units in 1985 

# ................................... Estimated Number of 

### Establishments that Managed Waste in Land-Based Waste Management Units, 

### by Industry, in 1985 

# ..................... Estimated Number of 

### Establishments that Managed Wastes in Landfills, Surface Impoundments, Land Application Units, and Waste Piles in 1985 

# .......................................... Estimated Number of 

### Establishments that used Waste Management Units, by Industry Group, in 1985 

# ............................................ Total Estimated Quantity of 

### Subtitle 

### D Industrial Process Waste Managed Through LandQuantity of 

### Waste Managed Through Land-Based Waste Management Units by Industry 

# .............. Landfills in 1985 

# ............................... Based Waste Management Units 

# .................... 2-8 3-6 4-3 4-4
4-6
4-7
4-9

4-10

~ 4-12
4-13 4-15 4-19Table 4-11 4-12 4-13 4-14 4-15 4-16 4-17 4-18 4-19 4-20 4-21 4-22 4-23 4-24 4-25 4-26 LLST OF TABLES (Continued)
Estimated Number of Landfill Units by Industry 

### in 1985 

# .......................................... Estimated Quantity 

### of Waste Managed Through Landfills by Industry 

### in 1985 

# ................... Estimated Average Quantity 

### of Waste Managed per Landfill by Industry 

### in 1985 

# ................ Surface Impoundments 

### in 1985 

# .................... \

Estimated Number of Surface Impoundments by Industry in 1985 

# ............................. Quantity of Waste Managed Through Surface Impoundments by Industry 

### in 1985 

# ................ Estimated Average Quantity 

### of Waste Managed per Surface Impoundment by Industry 

### in 1985 

# ..... Land Application Units 

### in 1985 

# .................. Estimated Number 

### of Land Application Units by Industry 

### in 1985 

# ............................. Estimated Quantity of Waste Managed Through Land Application Units by Industry in 1985 

# ...... Estimated Quantity of Waste Managed per Land Waste Piles in 1985 

# ............................. Application Unit by Industry in 1985 

# ............ Estimated Number ofWaste Pilesby Industry 

### in 1985

# ......................................... Estimated Average Quantity 

### of Waste Stored 

### in Waste Pilesby Industry in 1985 

# ............;. Estimated Average Quantity of Waste Stored per Unit in 1985 

# ................................ Estimated Capacities and Surface Areas of the Land-Based Waste Management Units in 1985 

# .......

V Pase 4-21 4-22 4-23 4-24 4-26 4-27 4-28 4-29 4-31 4-32 4-33 4-33 4-34 4-36 4-37 4-38

# I

1.

Table 4-27

4-28
4-29
i 4-30 4-31 4-32
4-33
4-34
4-35 LJST OF TABLES (Continued)
Estimated Number of Establishments that did not Manage Subtitle D Industrial Waste in Land-Based Units, but Employed Some Other Method or Practice 

### in 1985 

# ...................... Estimated Number of Establishments that Managed Subtitle D Industrial Waste Using an Alternated Practice by Industry in 1985 

# ......... Estimated Number 

### of Establishments that Employed Alternative Waste Management Practices by Location in 1985 

# ................... Estimated Number of Responses for Alternative Waste Management Practices 

# ...................... Estimated Number of Establishments with Closed Unit Types 

### in 1985 

# .............................. Unit-Specific Estimates of Number of Establishments that have Closed Units by Industry 

### in 1985 

# ................................. Industry-Specific Estimates of Number of Establishments that were Small Quantity Generators in 1985 

# .............................. Small Quantity Generators as a Percentage of Establishments that used Waste Management Units in 1985 

# ................................... Estimated Number of Establishments that Managed Small Quantity Generator Wastes in Landfills, Surface Impoundments, Land Application Units, and Waste Piles in 1985 

# ...........

vi Pase

4-41
4-43
4-44 4-45 4-48
4-50
4-53
4-54

4-55Exhibit 2-1 4-1 4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10 4-11
4-12
4-13
4-14 

### LIST OF EXHIBITS 

# I Industrial Subtitle 

### D Facilities CAT1 Instrument 

### Flow Chart 2-12 

# ........................... Estimated Number 

### of Establishments that Managed Industrial Subtitle 

### D Waste in 1985 

# ..... 4-5 

# 1 Estimated Number of Establishments that Managed Subtitle D Waste in Land-Based Waste Estimated Number 

### of Establishments that Managed Waste 

### in Land-Based Units by Industry 

### in 1985 

# ......................................... 4-11 Estimated Quantity of Waste Managed Through Land-Based Waste Management Units by Industry 

### in 1985 

# ......................................... 4-14 Management Units 

### in 1985 

# ........................ 4-8 

# I I
Estimated Quantity of Waste Managed in LandBased Units by Size 

### of Establishment 

### in 1985 

# ..... Cumulative Quantity 

### of Waste Managed Across Establishments in 1985 

# .......................... Landfills 

### in 1985 

# ............................... Surface Impoundments 

### in 1985 

# .................... Land Application Units 

### in 1985 

# .................. Waste Piles 

### in 1985

# ............................. Estimated Number Of'Establishments that Managed Subtitle D Waste Using Alternative Practices 

### in 1985 

# ............................... Estimated Number 

### of Establishments that Managed Waste Through Alternative Waste Management Practices by Industry in 1985 

# ........ Estimated Number 

### of Establishments that Operated Units in the,Past as Reported for 1985 

# ............................................. Small Quantity Generators as 

### a Percentage 

### of Establishments that Used OnSite Subtitle 

### D Units in 1985 

# ................................... 4

# -16 4-18 4-20 4-25 4-30 4-35
4-42
4-46
4-49
4-52 

# i 

# I 1 

# I I I 1 I 

# m

viiLIST OF EXHIBITS (Continued) Exhibit 4-15 Estimated Number of Establishments that Managed Small Quantity Generator Waste in Each Unit Type by Industry 

### in 1985 

# .............. Managed Low Concentrations of Halogenated Solvents and Metals Less than EP Toxicity Levels in Land-Based Units in 1985 

# .............. 4-16 Percent of Establishments Within Industries Paae
4-56

4-59

# I

I

? 

# I I The authors severalproject staff contributions to.this Jim Craig Stephen Diet2 Robert Clickner Kirsten Schroeder Esther Miller Lisa Puhl 

### Rotraut Bockstahler Pat LeydigThere were many people who contributed to the operation of.thissurvey, and we appreciate their efforts. We would like to thank Mary Usher and other programmers for the'many hours spent programming the telephone questionnaire for Computer TelephoneAssisted Interviewing 

### (CATI); Sandy Gallagher and Nita Lemanski for typing numerous drafts of the screening questionnaire, OMB clearancepackage, and screening report: A1 

### Geswein and Jim Craig for answering numerous questions posed by respondents on how to answer certain questions; Cassie Thompson forher assistance 

### in preparing Confidential Business Information for analysis; and John Burke and John Rogers for their assistance providing variance estimates and advice on interpreting these estimates. The authors also recognize and thank Rita Gunscher, Dianne Moore, Charles Parker, and Ita Clagett for all the hours spent reviewing, editing, and updating data received from interviews for this survey. Finally, we 

### greatly appreciate all the time and effort spent by telephone interviewers and supervisors in contacting respondents, soliciting their cooperation, and collecting the data 

### for this report. have been possible. Without their effort, this study would not ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


### wish to 

### acknowledge the assistance of 

### members who have made signifTcant screening survey: 

### EPA Project Officer Westat Corporate Officer Pro]ect Director Project Manager Survey Research Assistant and Hotline Supervisor Survey Research Assistant Telephone Interviewing Supervisor Programmer

ixWestat under the direction of EPA conducted a screening survey of establishments to obtain information on industrial solid waste management practices in selected industries. two main objectives for the screening survey were to: EPA‘s
1. Develop a representative list 

### of establishments that manage Subtitle D wastes in landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, and waste piles that are not regulated as hazardous: and

e 2. Develop national and industry-specific estimates of: 0.
0

0 The number of establishments that manage industrial Subtitle D waste.onsite; The number of establishments that manage Subtitle D waste onsite in landfills, surface impoundments, land application units,. and waste piles: The number of landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, and waste piles used to manage Subtitle D waste; and 0 The amount 

### of Subtitle D waste managed onsite through the four types of land-based waste management units. 

### In addition to EPA’s main objectives, the screening survey was also designed to collect basic data on each type of waste management unit and to identify which establishments managed industrial Subtitle D waste using practices or methods other than the four land-based waste management units. The background of this study, including the regulatory background and the objectives of this study, are described 

### in Section 1 

### of this report. Westat surveyed a sample of 18,051 establishments from 17 different industry groups which were selected by EPA. Withineach industry group, establishments were stratified by size of employees as the proxy for size. were selected with certainty, while the sampling rate for small and medium sized establishments varied with industry. The data collection took place over a period 

### of 

### six months and over 99 establishment (small,medium, and large), using the number of 

# D I 

# I All large sized establishments

percent of the establishments responded to the survey. Of the 18,051 establishments surveyed, 10,930 establishments managed Subtitle 

### D waste in 1985. 10,930 establishments that manage Subtitle D industrial waste are eligible to receive a follow-up mail survey which asks more detailed questions about waste management practices. describes the survey methodology developed and implemented for this study, including the sample frame development, sample The sample of 

# I 3 

# I I 

# I Section 2 design, questionnaire design, and data collection procedures.
Data collected was on the establishments that managed Subtitle D waste, and the results are analyzed in this report. Emphasis was placed on providing national and industry-specific estimates and standard errors for those variables outlined in 

### EPA's second objective. Additional estimates were provided 

### for However, one should note that the survey was not specifically other variables on which the screening survey collected data. designed to provide accurate estimates of these other variables and therefore, one must use caution in using these estimates. 

# 8 Section 3 discusses the accuracy of the estimates and sources of sampling and nonsampling error while Section 4 presents the results of the study. 

# I Summarizing the data on establishments at the national 

# I level, there were an estimated 72,400 establishments that managed Subtitle D industrial waste in 1985 and of those establishments

~~ an estimated 20 percent or 12,000 establishments used at least

.. xione of the land-based waste management units to manage waste. Of the 12,000 establishments that used land-based waste management units to manage waste, an estimated 2,320 establishments used landfills, 6,680 establishments used surface impoundments, 2,140 establishments used land application units, and 4,200 establishments used waste piles. All together these establishments managed an estimated 6.9 billion metric tons of Subtitle industrial waste in 1985. At the unit level, there were nationallv in 1985 an estimated:
0 2,760 landfills used to manage 78.4 million metric tons of Subtitle D industrial waste: 0 15,250 surface impoundments used tomanage 6.7 billion metric tons 

### of Subtitle 

### D industrial waste: 0 4,300 land application units used tomanage 90.1 million metric tons of Subtitle D industrial waste: and 0 5,330 waste piles used to store 69.9 million metric tons of Subtitle D industrial waste.
The industn-sDecific estimates at the establishment level can be best summarized by examining the number of establishments that use land-based waste management units and the quantity 

### of waste managed within an industry:
0 An estimated 60 percent of the establishments that managed Subtitle D industrial waste 

### in land-based units in 1985 were in the stone, clay, glass, and concrete industry and the food and kindred products industry, yet these two industries only accounted for 13 percent of the estimated total quantity of waste managed through land-based units. 

## . o 4 percent of the establishments that managed Subtitle D industrial waste in land-based units in 1985 were in the pulp and paper industry, and yet the establishments in this industry managed nearly 30percent of the
xiiestimated total quantity of waste managed through landbased units. 4.3 percent of the establishments that managed Subtitle 

### D industrial waste 

### in land-based units 

### in 1985 were in the primary iron and steel industry, and this industry accounted for 17 percent of the estimated total quantity of waste managed through the land-based units. o

Furthermore, the distribution of waste managed was examined across industries, and as later discussed, 

### is found to be highly skewed with a few very large establishments. The distribution shows that 10 percent of the establishments manage over 50 percent of the waste managed through Subtitle D units. This skewed distribution has implications on the variability of estimates and the mean for estimating the quantity of waste managed at an establishment. At’theunit level, the industrv estimates can be summarized as follows: The stone, clay, glass, and concrete industry operated an estimated 45 percent of the landfills in 1985, yet this industry only disposed an estimated 8 percent of the waste managed through this unit type. In contrast the electric power industry operated only 6 percent 

### of the estimated total number of landfills, industry accounted for nearly 62 percent of the estimated quantity of waste disposed in these units. The food and kindred products industry and the stone, clay, glass, and concrete industry operated nearly 50 percent of the estimated number of surface impoundments, but these two industriesmanaged less than 15 percent of the waste managed through this unit type. The pulp and paper industry and the primary iron and steel industry, on the other hand, operated only 8.5 percent of the estimated number 

### of surface impoundments but accounted for nearly 50 percent of the estimated total quantity of waste managed through this unit type. 

# 1 0
yet this



### o

0 The food and kindred products industry operated nearly 75 percent of the estimated number of land application
xiii

### units and accounted for 77 

### percent of the total estimated quantity 

### of waste managed through this unit type. 0 

### The stone, clay, glass, and concrete industry and the food and kindred products industry operated 57 

### percent of the estimated number of

### waste piles but these two industries operated less than 13 

### percent of the estimated quantity of 

### waste stored 

### in this unit type. Inorganic chemicals, on the other hand, operated only 1.4 

### percent of the estimated number of waste piles yet accounted for 

### over 50 

### percent of the estimated total quantity of 

### waste stored in this unit type. The above estimates show that the food and kindred products and the stone, clay, "lass, and concrete industries have numerous establishments that manage Subtitle D 

### waste in landbased units and have the largest number of unit types. Except for land application units, these two industries generally account for a relatively small percentage of waste managed through each unit type. Large managers of 

### Subtitle 

### D waste in land-based units seem to be the pulp and paper industry,the electric power industry, and the primary iron and steel industry. There are other industries which are not mentioned above but discussed in Section 4 

### that are also large managers of 

### waste, particularlywhen examining average quantities of waste managed

. 

### per unit. These industries include fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, inorganic chemicals,primary nonferrous metals, and plastics and resins manufacturing. Section 4 

### presents all national estimates and corresponding standard errors and highlights industry-specific estimates while Appendix 

### c provides all industry-specific estimates and corresponding standard errors. One should note the accuracy of estimates for certain industries varied greatly, especially when estimating quantities of 

### waste managed through each unit type. Certain industrieshave large coefficients of variation (standarderror as 

### a percentage of the estimate) for
xivwaste quantity estimates. certain industries the sample size 

### is small 

### for a particular unit type (e.g., landfills). size of establishment 

### is extremely variable. estimates given 

### in Section 4, it 

### is extremely important to refer to Appendix C for the accuracy of these estimates. Th,s 

### is due to the fact that 

### in Also, quantities 

### of waste managed by When viewing thei 1.0 INTRODUCTION


### Under the latest amendments to RCRA, EPA 

### must study the management of 

### non-hazardous (SubtitleD) 

### waste, report 

### on the status of facilities that manage Subtitle D 

### waste, 

### and revise the criteria applied to facilities thatmanage small quantity generator and household hazardous wastes. Furthermore, EPA 

### must study Subtitle 

### D waste in order to further develop hazardous waste characteristics used for the listing and delisting of wastes as 

### hazardous. EPA, 

### however, has limited information on Subtitle D 

### waste, particularly industrial waste. The Agency therefore decided to conduct a screening sunrey to identify establishments that generate and manage industrial non-hazardous process wastes and follow up those establishments with a mail questionnaire. background leading to a study involving 

### a screening survey, the need for a screening survey of industrial establishments,and the objectives of 

### the screening survey. This section summarizes the regulatory

1.1 Regulatory Background 

### The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)which was passed in 1976 

### contained the first set of 

### guidelines to address hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste management practices. RCRA 

### primarily focused on the management of hazardous waste, known as Subtitle C 

### waste, and EPA 

### was given direct authority to develop and enforce regulations regarding the management of 

### hazardous wastes. Non-hazardous waste, known as Subtitle 

### D waste, was left to the states to regulate. EPA 

### was given the authority only to formulate guidelines to be used by the States 

### in the development 

### of their solid

### waste management plans.
1-1In 1984, Congress passed the Hazardous and Solid Waste 

# 1 Amendments (HSWA)which made several changes to RCRA. One change resulted 

### in adding Section 4010 which mandates EPA to take the f

ol1owing act ions: 

### "STUDY

# -- The Administrator shall conduct a study 

### of the extent towhich the guidelines and criteria under this Act

# ... which are applicable to solid waste management and disposal facilities, including, but not limited to landfills and surface impoundments, are adequate to protect human health and the environment from groundwater contamination.lI "REPORT

# -- 

# ...the Administrator shall submit 

### a report 

### to the Congress setting forth the results 

### of the study required under this section, together with any recommendations made by the Administrator on the basis 

### of such study." "REVISIONS OF GUIDELINES AND 

### CRITERIA

# -- ...the Administrator shall promulgate revisions 

### of the Criteria under paragraph (1)of section 4004(a) and under section 1008(a)(3) for facilities that may receive hazardous household wastes or hazardous wastes 

### from small quantity generators under section 3001(d). Because EPA was never responsible for the regulation of (2) 

# I (b)

(c) 

# I

Subtitle 

### D (non-hazardous)wastes, the Agency did not have the information needed to meet the Congressional mandate described above. 

# I 1.2 Need for the 

### Screening 

### Survey 

# I 1 

# I To meet the Congressional mandate, EPA decided to conduct a series of studies to identify and collect data on facilities used to manage Subtitle D waste. process waste and undertook a several studies specific to these wastes. EPA specifically lacked information on themanagement of industrial Subtitle D EPA began by examining existing secondary data on
1-2industrial Subtitle D units and summarized the results in the report, Summary of Data on Industrial Nan-Hazardous Disposal Practices.' produces non-hazardous solid waste and reported the type of waste, the amount of waste generated, the number 

### of on-site landbased waste management units (landfills, surface impoundments, land application pnits, and waste'piles) and the percentage of waste treated on-site and off-site. EPA estimated that approximately 392,000,000 metric tons of non-hazardous waste are In the study, EPA examined each major industry that

generated annually by the 23 industries examined in this study and 57 percent of the waste is managed in land-based waste management units. Seventeen of the industries are estimated to 'generate99.7 percent of the total non-hazardous waste while the other six industries generate the remaining 0.3 percent of the waste. EPA also determined that these 17 industries are most likely to manage their non-hazardous wastes on-site. information was useful, EPA found large data gaps in number and design 

### of waste management units and descriptions of nonhazardous waste. Moreover, data on quantities of waste managed for certain industries was over 10 years old. From this study, EPA concluded that the existing data was inadequate for preparing a report to Congress or revising the Criteria and recommended that the following data should be collected: Though this

o Number of on-site waste management facilities; o Design characteristics of each type of waste management unit used by each industry; 0 Types and quantities 

### of non-hazardous wastes generated by certain industries; and

. lSummarv of Data on Industrial Non-Hazardous DisDosal Practices, prepared by Science Applications International Corporation for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Contract No. 68-01- 7059, December 5, 1985.
1-3I

0 Amounts 

### of each waste type being managed in each type of on-site waste management unit. 

# I I Following up on the study's recommendations,Westat The survey was under 

### EPA's direction, conducted a survey 

### of industrial establishmentswith on-site Subtitle D units. limited to the 17 industries that were believed to generate over 99 percent 

### of Subtitle D industrial process waste. In designing establishments that generated and managed industrial process waste existed. 

# m the suney, EPA found that no comprehensive list 

### of As a result, EPA decided to conduct this survey 

### in two phases: Phase I

# - Telephone screening survey 

# I Phase I1

# - Mail survey. The telephone screening survey of Phase I was designed to identify establishments that generated and managed industrial Subtitle 

### D waste and to collect some basic information on waste 

# 1 management units. Phase I1 mail survey which will be administered to the list of 

### The screening survey will be followed by the establishments identified in Phase I as generating and managing contain more detailed questions about waste management practices. Subtitle D industrial process wastes. The mail survey will 

# I

1.3 

# I Objectives of the Screening Survey This screening survey was designed tomeet EPA's two main objectives which are 

### as follows: 

# I 1. To develou a reDresentative list of establishments that manaue Subtitle D wastes in landfills 

### (LFI.surface imDoundments (SI),land armlication units 

### (LA),and waste piles (WP)that are not requlated as hazardous. €PA had no listing of establishments with one or more
1-42. land-based Subtitle D waste management units. 

### EPA needed such a list of establishments for a followup mail survey designed to gather detailed information about Subtitle D waste management practices. To develoD national and industrv-specific estimates of: 0 The number of establishments that generate and manage industrial Subtitle D wastes onsite; o The number of establishments that manage wastes onsite in landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, and waste piles. land application units, and waste piles used to manage solid waste onsite; the four types of land-based waste management units. 0 The number of landfills, surface impoundments,



### o The amount of solid waste managed onsite through
The estimates are needed by the Agency for its report to Congress on the status of facilities that manage Subtitle D wastes. The Agency also had another objective which was not a primary focus around which the screening survey was designed but was needed for the followup mail survey. EPA needed to develor,a representative list of establishments that manacle Subtitle D . wastes usinu a method other than throuuh a land-based waste manauement unit. These other methods included establishments that sent Subtitle D wastes offsite or used alternative practices 

### as incineration, energy recovery, tanks, and recycling to manage Subtitle D wastes. that use such practices to manage Subtitle D wastes. The Agency had 

### no listing of.establishments2.0 STUDY METHODOLOGY
This section presents the sample design, questionnaire design, and data collection procedures used to conduct the screening survey.

2.1 Frame Development and sample Design The sample design was developed tomeet EPA's two primary objectives which were to develop a representative list of establishments that generate and manage industrial Subtitle D wastes in landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, and waste piles;.and to develop national and industryspecific estimates on the data itelps outlined in Section 1.3. meet the Agency's objectives, Westat designed a two-way stratified random sample, stratified by industry group and size of establishment. The following subsections describe the target population, the sampling frame, and sample design that were developed for this screening survey. To

2.1.1 Target Population The target population for the screening survey was divided into two groups: 1. Establishments.in 17 industry groups that manage Subtitle D industrial process waste on-site 

### in waste manasement 

### units identified by EPA; and Subtitle D industrial process waste throush some other practice (incineration,energy recovery, tank treatment, off-site management, etc.). 2. Establishments in 17 industry groups that manage

2-1

### In defining both target populations, EPA included only those establishments that generated Subtitle 

### D waste as a result of an industrialprocess 

### and defined Subtitle 

### D waste as solid waste not regulated as hazardous under Subtitle C 

### of 

### RCRA. EPA 

### used the following definitions to define waste included in this study: Solid Waste includes any solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial or commercial operations, as well as from community activities. Wastes not considered solid wastes are materials found in domestic sewage: irrigation return flows: industrial discharges which are point sources subject to permits under Section 402 

### of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act; in-situ mining wastes: and Atomic Energy Commission source, special nuclear, or by-product material. Subtitle D 

### Waste is any solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseousmaterial resulting from industrial 

### or commercial operations that is not regulated'as hazardous under Subtitle, C 

### of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. .


### The two target populations differ by the types of 

### waste management practices employed. The first target population includes only those establishments that manage waste onsite through landfills,surface impoundments, land application units, and waste piles. management unit types as follows: EPA defined the four land-based waste Landfill is 

### a natural or man-made excavated depression in the earth. disposal of solid wastes, residuals and sludges.

(Specificallyexcluded from the survey were municipal waste landfills, demolition debris landfills and other 

### non-industrial types of landfills). Landfills are used for the permanent

Surface ImDoundment is a natural topographic depression,man-made excavation, or diked area formed primarily of 

### earthen materials which is designed to hold an accumulation of liquid, semi-solid, or solid residuals, wastes, and wastewaters. (Specifically excluded from the survey were surface impoundments th
2-2

### collected only domestic sewage or 

### runoff from parking lots and roofs). Land ApDlication Unit is an area of 

### land where residuals and wastes are applied onto or 

### into the soil. Waste Pile 

### is a mass of waste material, generally placed on the ground. 

### or wall to contain the materials in the pile. Itmay 

### or may not have a fence
The second target population includes those establishments that manage waste using a practice other than the four waste management units: e.g., incineration, energy recovery (boilers), tank treatment, recycling, etc. Unlike the first target population, the second target population includes practices that are employed onsite and offsite. populations, however, include those units or

### practices that are used only to manage wastes not regulated as hazardous. Both target

. 

### Both target populations are limited to the 17 

### industry groups that are believed to generate over 99 

### percent of 

### the industrial Subtitle D 

### waste. classified by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 

### codes and are listed in Table 2-1. 

### The 17 

### industry groups are

2.1.2 Sample Frame Development At

### the onset of this survey, there was no comprehensive list of 

### establishments that generate and manage industrial Subtitle 

### D waste in the 17 

### target industry groups which EPA 

### determined would contain over 99% 

### of the entire universe. Westat, therefore, began with the development of a sampling frame. A 

### list of 

### all establishments in the 17 

### target industries was purchased from Duns Marketing, The data provided by Duns Marketing included establishment name, Inc., and used as the frame.Table 2-1. In-Scope Groups, SIC Codes, Number of Establishments Provided by Dun and Bradstreet, Number of Establishments in the Sample 

# I No. of 

### No. of ments 

### in ments in establish- establish-

# I

r D&B sample Industry group SIC Code Organic Chemicals Primary Iron and Steel 2865, 2869 1,413 3312-3321 3

### , 581 Fertilizer and Agricultural Chemicals 2873-2879 Electic Power Generation 4911 Plastics and Resins Manufacturing 2821 Inorganic Chemicals 2812-28 19 2,159 3,945 1,235 2,949 Stone, Clay, Glass and / 23

### ,109 Concrete Pulp and Paper Industry 26 9,212 Primary Nonferrous Metals 3331-3399 6

### ,851 30,161 Food and Kindred Products 3

### ,341 Water Treatment 4941 32

20 

### J Petroleum Refining ' 2gJ Rubber and Miscellaneous Products 30 Transportation Equipment 37 3,712 560

603 

# I 1,.146 575 

# .i
692 

# n I 1,951 1,090 861 

# 1 2,245 615 

# I 

# I 1,148 19

### , 564 1,241 18

### , 048 Selected Chemicals and Allied Products 28-2 2824 3

### , 392 692 

# 1 585% &.&/ 2891 1,065 

# I
All Industries 149

### , 151 18

### ,051 

# 1 11,732 Textile Manufacturing 22 Leather and Leather Products 31 4,747 683

2-4

### locational and mailing addresses and phone number, up to six SIC 

### codes identifying the establishment's industry(s), number of 

### employees onsite, corporate revenue and other financial data. There were nearly 150,000

### establishments on the list. Table 2-1 

### displays the 17 

### in-scope industries,their SIC 

### codes,and the number of establishments provided by Duns Marketing.

2.1.3 Sample Design 

### The sample was drawn from each industry group and was stratified by the size of 

### establishment, for two basic reasons. First, 

### it was believed that the larger establishments would be more likely to manage their waste onsite in one of the four 

### landbased waste management units, rather than shipping it off

### site. Second, larger factories generate more waste than smaller ones. In fact,we expected the distribution to be highly skewed. A 

### prior EPA 

### study of 

### hazardous waste generators and managers had found that 5 

### percent of 

### the facilities generated 95 

### percent of 

### the waste.' sample and the variance of 

### the estimated amount of 

### waste would be 

### improved by a size-based design. Thus both the expected eligibility rate in the

We selected the number of employees as the measure of 

### size because it

### was the only one available at the required, i.e., establishment level. Other size measures that were believed to associate better with amount of 

### industrial waste generated, production volume or 

### revenue, were available only at the corporate level 

### or not available at all. Nevertheless, for several reasons,we expected a low, but positive, association e.g.,

'National Survey of 

### Hazardous Waste Generators and Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities Regulated Under RCRA 

### in 1981/ 

### Report by Westat, Inc. under EPA 

### Contract No. 68-01-6861, 

### subcontract No. EPA 33-01. (1984)
2-5

### between the sizemeasure and the key response variables: administrative offices can have many employees,but generate no industrial waste; two factories, one automated and one not, could produce the same volume of product and hence the samevolume of waste, but have greatly differing numbers of employees. For these reasons, and because we were also interested in estimating proportions, we did not want a design highly dependent on establishment size. Therefore, as a 

### compromise between simple random sampling and probability proprotional to size sampling, three size strata were developed independently within each of 

### the 17 

### industries: small,medium and large. The medium-large breakpoints ranged from 40 

### to 650 

### employees, except 

# I for one industry at 2,100

### employees (transportationequipment manufacturers). 34 

### employees. The small-mediumbreakpoints ranged 

### from 13 

### to
The large establishments were sampled with certainty 

### in order to maximize the eligibility rate in the sample and control the variance of the estimated totals. rates for 

### the medium and small establishments varied with The sampling sizes and industry. The resulting total sample size was 18,051. 

### The 18,051 

### establishments were selected independently within each of 

### the 17 

### industries and three size strata. the sample size by industry. Table 2-1 

### also displays On 

### a size basis, the frame counts and sample sizes are 

### as follows: 

# I Size Stratum Frame Count Sample Size small Medium Large 106,750 37,315

5,086 149,151 3,887 9,078 5,086 

# 8 1 Total 18,051

.. .. .

2-6I I 

# I I I I Approximately 12.3 percent of the sampled establishments were found to be out of scope (went out of business, moved, duplicate entries, etc.) or unlocatable (wrong address or phone number and no directory assistance record), leaving 15,832 establishments in the sample. summarizes the resulting sample size (i.e., completed questionnaires from eligible respondents) by industry and size ofestablishmentTable 2-2

2.2 Questionnaire Design

I Westat met with the Office of Solid Waste to discuss the Agency’s objectives and data needs for this screening survey. Westat designed the screening questionnaire tomeet the Agency‘s objectives outlined 

### in Section 1.3. developed a list of data items forwhich information was needed. The data items were as follows: Together with 

### EPA, Westat

0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0 The identity of the person in charge of themanagement of process industrial waste at the establishment; The presence of any on-site Subtitle D land-based waste management units 

### (LF,SI, LAU, or WP) at the establishment; The number of each type of unit; The size and capacity (where applicable) of each type of unit: The amount of Subtitle D waste managed through each type of unit: A brief description of how waste was managed if no Subtitle 

### D waste was managed through one 

### of the four disposal units: The existence of any closed Subtitle D units; and Management of small quantity generators (SQGS) waste ’in any of the land-based waste management units and
2-7

### Table 2-2. 

### Sample size of eligible establishments that completed 

### a questionnaire in each industry by size of establishment Size category 

### of Establishment Industry Small Medium Large Total Organic Chemicals (1) 66 140 277 483 

### Primary Iron and Steel (2) 85 423 359 867 

### Fertilizer & Ag. 

### Chem (3) 82. 181 250 513 

### Electric Power Gen. (4) 101 518 485 1,104 

### Plastics & 

### Resins Mfr. (5) 72 224 209 505 

### Inorganic .Chemicals (6) 82 304 226 612 

### Stone, Clay, Glass & 

### Conc. (7) 449 787 450 1,686 Pulp & 

### Paper Industry (8) 136 520 315 971 

### n 

# 1 

# 1 

# i 1 1 1 

# 1 1 1 

# 1

755 

# 1 Primary Nonferrous Metals (9) 119 463 173 Food & 

### Kindred Products (10) 573 935 460 1,968 

### Water Treatment (11) 80 388 99 567 

# 1 Petroleum Refining (12) 94 472 457 1,023 

### Rubber & 

### Misc. Products (13) 357 563 147 1,067 

# 1 Transportation Equipment (14) 314 1,125 204 1,643 

### Selected Chem. & 

### Allied (15) 87 335 199 621 

# 1

914 

# I
Total 2,953 8,241 4,650 15,844 

# 1 1 Textile Manufacturing (16) 184 481 249 \ 

### Leather & 

### Leather Products (17) 72 382 91 545

\-
2-8 ..'

# 'I

### storage or disposal of household waste in any landfills and waste piles. 0 

### Placement of halogenated solvents, nonhalogenated solvents,or metals in any of the on-site land-based units. Westat assisted EPA 

### in developing a questionnairewhich gathered information on the above data items. Appendix 

### A contains a copy of 

### the questionnaire. Westat and EPA decided to administer this screening questionnaire by telephone. This surveymethod was chosen over a mail survey because EPA was under a time schedule to 

### complete the screening survey for its 

### mandated report to Congress,and itwill be necessary to use the list of establishments developed 

### from the screening questionnaire for the followup mail survey. Westat and EPA also decided to administer the questionnaire using computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI)

### , instead 

### of using conventional hard-copy paper questionnaires. CATI was used to administer this questionnaire because complex 

### skip patterns contained in the instrument could be programmed so 

### that the interviewer did not need to manually scroll through the questions. CATI was used to program precoded responses for 

### a 

### number of 

### questionswhich enabled the interviewer to 

### enter a code rather than write out the entire response. CATI enabled the programming of 

### on-line logic checks and out-of-range edit checks which allowed interviewers to check responses to questions while conducting the intenriewwith the respondent. Because the questionnaire was being administered over the phone, the questionswere designed to be 

### as short and straight-forward as possible. provide responses to quantitative questions according to their usual recordkeepingpractices. the instrument was pretested on nine establishments to 

### see if questions could be answered over the phone by the respondents. The pretest resulted 

### in simplifying the language of 

### the Respondents were allowed to

Prior to 

### receiving OMB 

### clearance,

### questionnaire, rephrasing the questions so 

### that they were more straight forward, and sending out 

### a copy 

### of questions prior to 

### the intenriew 

### so that respondentswould have a chance to prepare their responses. Appendix A 

### contains the list of questions sent 

### to respondentsprior to 

### the interview. 

# I

1 

# I 2.3 Data Collection Procedures 

# I 1 This subsectiondescribes the effort that went into designing the survey for 

### CATI as well as the actual survey operations. Included in survey operations, we 

### describe pre-data collection procedures, methods used to obtain a high response rate, and quality assurance procedures.

2.3.1 Programming the Questionnaire for CATI As 

### mentioned earlier, data was collected by the state 

# I of the art 

### CATI (ComputerAssisted Telephone Interviewer) system. The 

### CATI program was structured to: 1. 

### Verify the location of 

### the establishment. 

# I 2. 

### Identify and reach the facilitymanager 

### or the environmental affairsmanager as the respondent for the survey; 

# I 1 3. 

### Determine whether or not the establishment generates and manages waste onsite 

### in landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, and/or waste piles and collect basic information on the units; Identify the method of 

### handling waste if 

### the establishment does not manage waste 

### in one of 

### the four management unit. 4. 

# I Because EPA 

### wanted information on waste management units, the data collection effort was based on 

### the location;
2-10

### i.e., data was collected for only those locations drawn for 

### the sample. If we contacted 

### an establishment that was located at an address different from what our records showed, that particular establishment was removed 

### from the sample. 

### If instead we contacted an establishment that was located at 

### the address shown ijnour records but the business name had changed,we kept the establishment in our sample. Questions to identify the location of the establishment were programmed in CATI to handle these various situations. Because the questionnaire was sent out to the "Facility Manager" at each establishment, a series of 

### questions to identify the name of the Facility Manager or 

### the person who was "most knowledgeable" about the industrial process wastes was programmed into the CATI system. information on respondent name, address, telephone number and mailing address for the purposes of developing the sampling frame for Phase I1 

### of the study. CATI was also programmed to collect

Exhibit 2-1 

### shows a simplified version of the complex information flow

### programmed in CATI for this questionnaire. After the interviewwas completed, the case was assigned one of seven different final result'orfinal status codes. The list of 

### result codes and corresponding definitions are as 

### follows: C1 Establishments reported at least one type of onsite waste management unit. P1 Establishments reported at least one type of onsite waste management unit but the respondent answered 'IDK" 

### to the questions "How 

### many units are at 

### this establishment? and/or I8How

### much waste is managed in this unit?1v. In the final analysis, a result code of, P1 

### was not differentiated from a result code of C1. 

### Establishments reported that waste was managed, using a 

### practice other than the four land-based waste management units. C2



### 2-11L

2-12

# ICBI Establishments declared I8confidentialBusiness Informationll for at least one item during the interview. The original telephone interviewwas terminated and CBI 

### cleared interviewers finished the case. In the final analysis, the CBI cases were assigned "dummy ID'S", all identifying information was stripped from the data, and 

### a final result code of C1, P1, or C2 

### was assigned. P2 

### Establishments declared that no industrial Subtitle D waste was generated. Establishmentswith this result code included office buildings,warehouses, 

### or establishments that only generated hazardous waste. I Establishments were found to be ineligible for the study because they were duplicates in the Dun and Bradstreet sampling frame, out of business, unreachable or 

### for any other reason declared ineligible for 

### the study. RB Establishments that refused to answer the study. Establishments that were assigned one of 

### the first four result codes formed the sample which would be considered for 

### the follow Up mail survey.

2.3.2 Pre-data Collection Procedures 

### Telephone interviews with respondentswere preceded by a mailing of definitions and a list of questions used in the industrial Subtitle D 

### Survey and a letter from EPA 

### explaining the reasons for conducting 

### the survey and encouraging the respondents to co-operate with the data collection effort. were not required to write out the answers 

### to the questions that were mailed but rather requested 

### to use the list of questions 

### as a reference when completing the telephone interview. Appendix 

### B contains a copy of the letter and list of 

### questions sent to the respondent prior to the interview. The respondents.- 

# 1 I 

# I The notification letter and list 

### of questions were sent out in blocks of 300 

### to the 18,051 

### respondents over a period 

### of two and one-half months, beginning in November, 1986. 

### The mail out in blocks of questionnaires facilitated fielding questions from respondents and scheduling interviews for those respondents who did call for assistance. The questionnairewas designed so 

### that all questions could be dnswered 

### over the phone. Respondents were requested 

### to answer the questionnaire over the telephone, however provisionswere made for those respondents that requested to mail in the questionnaire. Telephone numbers for technical assistance concerning completion of qpecific questionnaire items were provided in EPA’s 

### notification letter. Approximately 2,000 

### calls were handled by the hotline service. All interviewers participated in a 4-day training sessionwhich consisted of presenting the scope of.the study, reviewing waste management definitions, reviewing CAT1 

### interviewing, and role playing various hypothetical scenarios. After an interviewer could successfully role play several scenarios, he/she began to conduct interviews for the study.

2.3.3 Response Rate 

### Data for 

### this survey was collected over a period of 6 

### months from November 1986 

### to April, 1987. 

### Response rates obtained for 

### this survey were exceptionally high for telephone suneys, due in part to the mandatory response authority under which the survey was conducted. 99 

### percent, where.only 10 

### establishments refused to 

### respond. The final response rate was over
A 

### number of approaches were used to encourage the recipients of the questionnaire to complete the telephone interview. The cover letter informed recipients of their legal

2-14

## w a 

### obligation to respond to the telephone interview. respondents who did not return their questionnaires received follow up telephone calls and a 

### followup letter informing them of 

### their lateness of response. Other pre-data collection procedures described above, 

### such as the mailout of questions and the telephone hotline,were implemented to encourage respondents to answer the questionnaire. 

### The questions were also designed so 

### that the respondents could provide responses consistent with their normal recordkeepingpractices, thereby making it easier to respond. NonWhen an interviewer could not reach an establishment at a given phone number, telephone directory searches and phone calls to corporate offices were used to obtain a new phone number. All locational addresses were verified during the data collectionprocedure. 

### If these two routes were unsuccessful for 

### obtaining a 

### new telephone number, we checked to see if the questionnaire package was returned. If an establishment could not be contacted after trying several sources, the establishment was considered ineligible and assigned a result code of I1It8.

2.3.4 Data Quality Assurance Procedures 

### During the time interviews were conducted, the data was edited with 

### a series of manual and computerized data checks and data retrieval 

### for incomplete cases was completed. Following 

### a CAT1 

### interview, coders manually checked the data for 

### valid result codes, inconsistencies, outliers and incomplete values to identify cases that needed data retrieval. editing was completed, the data was run through a 

### series of computerized edit checks which included frequencies, cross tabulations, plots and lists of 

### individual cases. Once again coders checked cases forvalid result codes, inconsistencies, After the.manua1....

outliers and incomplete values to identify cases that needed data retrieval.Data retrieval is the process of recontacting the respondent to clarify information provided during an earlier interview or to collect missing information. Data retrieval for this study was prioritized to a list of select edit checks. The highest priority was placed on two sets of data items that were identified as vlCriticalll 

### or' necessary 

### in meeting 

### EPA's objectives:.
0 The number of units at establishment; 

### o The quantity 

### of industrial Subtitle D waste managed in any one of the onsite waste management units. 

### If data was incomplete for either one of these two items,'the case was immediately sent back for data retrieval. Typical reasons for data retrieval on these two sets of items 

# 1 1 1 

# I I 

# I 

# a I

were incorrect unit of measurements, '*Don't Know" responses, and values that were out of range. An attempt was made to limit data retrieval to one time per case. 

# 1 i 

# I I 

# I I 

# 1 '2-163.0 STATISTICAL RELIABILITY AND DATA ACCURACY


### This report presents estimates of 

### a number of 

### characteristics of interest to EPA. 

### These include, for example, estimates of 

### the number of 

### establishments with a particularwaste management unit and total quantity of Subtitle D 

### waste managed in landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, and waste piles. It 

### is important to keep inmind that these are statistical survey estimates and are subject to error. Such error can be classified into two general categories: sampling error and nonsampling error. Sampling error is the difference between the estimate obtained from the sample and the value that would have been obtained had a 

### complete census been conducted using the exact same procedures and instruments as 

### the sample. It is typically measured 

### by confidence intervals and standard errors (standard deviations of 

### an estimate). other sources of error that might occur in a survey. These include mistakes 

### in entering values on a 

### questionnaire, misinterpretation of questions, undetected data entry errors, transcription errors, nonresponse, etc. In general, nonsampling errors cannot be measured from the data collected in a survey. Nevertheless, for this survey,we did identify sources of 

### nonsampling error and took measures to minimize their impact. Nonsampling error refers to all

3.1 Sampling 

### Error Sections 4.1 

### and 4.2 

### present national estimates and the major industr$-specific estimates (i-e.,those industries that account for over 70 

### percent 

### or more of 

### the national estimate) each variable that EPA 

### outlined in its objectives. for 

### In these

3-1

# I corresponding standard errors. 

# 1 sections,we provide the standard errors and 95 

### percent confidence intervals for each of the national estimates, while Appendix C 

### contains all industry-specific estimates and Sampling error for the national estimates outlined by 

# I I I I EPA tended to be rather 

### low.

(standard error as a 

### percentage of the estimate) ranged between 1 

### percent and 10 

### percent for 

### estimates on the total number of establishments that managed Subtitle 

### D waste or used a certain 

### (CV) tended to be slightly larger when trying to estimate the units (11%) 

### and were even higher when the quantity was estimated The coefficient 

### of variation

land-based waste management unit. The coefficient of variation total quantity of Subtitle 

### D waste managed through land-based by unit type, ranging between 3.8 

### percent 

### for waste piles.and 27 

### percent for landfills. When examining industry-specific estimates, the variability tends to fluctuate among industries. industry estimates on number of establishments and number of units were generally lower than for estimates on quantities of 

### Variability for

# I 

# I waste managed. The variability for a waste quantity estimate by industry ranged from as low as a CV 

### of 1

### percent to as high as a CV 

### of 97 

### percent. The high variability for an estimate of 

### a sDecific industry can be attributed to the small number of 

### small* 

### and medium-sized establishments in the sample that have a unit 7 

### type and to the extreme quantities reported within a 

### size 

# 1 

# D stratum. it is important to refer to Appendix C 

### for the reliability of 

### these estimates. Therefore,when examining industry-specific estimates,

Section 4.3 

### through 4.6 

### provide estimates on variables

~ 

### that were not out1"ined in EPA's objectives, but the Agency wanted to collect some data on them. 

# I One set of variables included

3-2

### establishments that manage Subtitle D 

### waste in land-based waste management units are found in 23 

### industries.' narrowed down to 17 

### of the 23 

### industries which EPA 

### believed to generate over 99 

### percent of 

### the non-hazardous 

### or Subtitle 

### D waste. Consequently, there 

### is the possibility that the sampling frame did not accurately represent the industries that generate Subtitle

### D industrial waste; however, it is our belief that this source of 

### error is relatively small. The survey was

2.' 

### The respondent's ability 

### to understand the terminoloqv of the study. Because EPA has 

### never directly regulated the management of 

### industrial Subtitle 

### D waste, a 

### number of respondents were not familiarwith RCRA 

### terminology. For example,many respondents did notknowwhat I1SubtitleD" 

### waste was or

### did not understand the term "Small Quantity Generator" hazardous wastes. with terminologymay have caused some respondents to inadvertently exclude certain wastes 

### or units which should have been reported and vice versa. 

### In order to help the respondents understand the terminology, EPA 

### included a list 

### of definitions with the list of 

### questionswhich were sent to the respondent before 

### the interview. number where respondents could call in 

### if they had 

### any questions. Confusion

Westat also managed a 

### toll-free telephone

3. 

### Respondent's abilitv to estimate quantitative responses. There were some questions in the questionnaire which respondents said they could not estimate. Specifically, a number 'Summarv of 

### Data on Industrial Non-Hazardous DiSROSal 

### Practices, prepared by Science Applications International Corporation for the U.S. 

### Environmental ProtectionAgency, Contract No. 68-01- 7059, 

### December 5, 1985.
3-4surface area and capacity estimates 

### for the land-based.waste management unit types. Sampling errors for the national estimates of capacity and surface area tended to be unusually high. 

### For example, the CV for the surface area of a land application unit was 60 percent and for the capacity 

### of 

### a landfill was 76 percent. One reason for the large variability 

### is that the size 

### of the establishment may not have been a useful stratifying variable for estimating capacity 

### or surface area because large establishments may not necessarily have units with large surface areas or capacities. Because the capacity and surface area estimates for the waste management unit types show such high variability, these estimates are presented in Section 4.3 and are not-integratedas part of the overall analysis of each unit. This section also presents estimates for these variables and reliability and accuracy of them. Sections 4.4 through 4.6 provide estimates on the remaining data. Standard errors are not presented for most of these estimates; however, one can expect high variability because the survey was not designed to provide accurate estimates on these variables. Moreover, some estimates are based on 

### a small size, particularly for certain industries. Because sample size 

### is key for providing accurate estimates, the unweighted sample size 

### is given with each estimate in Appendix C.

3.2 Nonsampling Error Sources -fornonsampling error for this survey include: 1. ADproximation of the Universe. The development 

### of the sampling frame was based on previous EPA research which determined \ that the universe of

3-3

### of respondents could not estimate the quantity of waste managed 

### in landfills or surface impoundments. 

### A number of 

### respondents could not estimate the design capacity of landfills or 

### surface impoundmentsand responded by saying lldon'tknow" or 

### that the capacity was lllimitlessel. 

### If a respondent could not provide a 

### quantitative response, the response was coded as a Itdon't know". Attempts were made to minimize such responses. Schedule- and budget did not allow us to contact every respondent that provided ambiguous responses: however, we did contact all respondents that answered Itdon't 

### know" to the critical items discussed 

### in Section 2.3.4 

### and tried to obtain a 

### quantitative response. When data retrieval was completed, there were 260 

### respondents that answered "don't know81 to the critical items. Table 3-1 

### presents the count of 

### Itdon't know" responses to the quantitative questions asked in the questionnaire and for 

### which estimates are provided in Section 4. 

### The number of respondentsanswering lldon'tknow" to one of the quantitative questions ranged between 7 

### and 92. 

### For the critical item questions, "don't know1* responses as 

### a percentage of respondents answering the question ranged between less than 1

### percent

(quantityof 

### waste managed through a landfill) to 3.6 

### percent (quantityof waste stored in waste piles). responses to somenoncritical item questions (capacity and surface area) tended to be in absolute numbers and percentages higher than the critical item questions, particularly for 

### the capacity and remaining capacity of 

### landfills. Eleven percent of 

### the respondents that had landfills (92) 

### answered '#don't know" to 

### the capacity of landfills and 8 

### percent (66)

### answered ltdon't know" to the remaining capacity. llDon'tknow"

In this study, the 

### "don't know1Iresponses for 

### a specific variable do 

### not necessarilypresent a problem unless a 

### large number of I1don't knows" for that variable are from large

.'3-5Table 3-1. "Don't Know Responses" 

# B I # Large # Large # of Estabs. with 

### # Estabs. Estabs. Don't Know Don't Know Question with Unit with Unit Responses Responses Quantity of Waste Managed through Landfills* 536 536 536 6 92 66 2 

## an a27 827 Design Capacity 

### of Landfills 53 36 Remaining Capacity of Landfills. Quantity of Waste Managed through Surf ace Impoundments* 33
13 59
25 1,930 1,083 Design Capacity 

### of Surface Impoundments Quantity of Waste Managed through Land Application Units* 1;930 1,083

1 7 354 iai SurfaceArea 

### of Land Application Units 2 0 181 354 Quantity of-Waste stored in Waste Piles* 31 11 375 853 SurfaceArea of Waste Piles as3 375 5 1 

# 1 

# I

~ *Critical Item Questions

3-6establishments. because it was believed that the large establishments would account for a sizable proportion of the waste managed through waste management units. A large establishment that answered I*don't know81to 

### a question on the quantity 

### of waste managed through a unit may manage a relatively large amount 

### of waste through 

### a landfill, for example. When estimating the total quantity of waste managed through a landfill, a missing response from a large establishment can lead to a biased estimate and thus underestimate the quantity of waste managed through a landfill. Large establishments were sampled with certainty

Column 2 

### of the Table 3-1 lists the number 

### of large establishments that have the unit type and Column 4 shows the number of large establishments that answered Isdon't know" to the quantitative question. 

### For critical item questions, the percentage of large establishments that answered "don't know" ranges between 

### less than 1 percent and 3 percent. noncritical items, on the other hand, a larger percentage 

### of large establishments answered 11don8t know". (53) of the large establishments that had landfills answered lldontt known1to 

### the design capacity of landfills, and nearly 7 percent (36) answered Itdon't know1'to remaining design capacity. 

### If the large establishments answering 'Idon't knoww1 account for a 

### significant^percentage of total capacity and remaining capacity, the national and industry-specific estimates will be biased. 

### For certain Nearly 10 percent

There 

### is also another aspect of the respondent's ability to provide estimates, and that 

### is the ability to provide accurate estimates. Comments that were recorded for interviews indicated that a number of respondents were unsure 

### about quantity estimates that they provided. During the data retrieval process, respondents who provided quantitative responses that were out-ofrange or did not make sense (e.g., remaining capacity was larger than the capacity) were recontacted and asked to verify 

### or
3-7clarify responses. Comments which were recorded 

### for each case also indicated that respondentswere not sure about responses that they had provided earlier, particularly for questions on the quantity 

### of waste managed through 

### a unit and the capacity and size 

### of a 

### unit. Respondents were asked to provide their best estimate 

### for quantitative questions; however, comments indicated that a number of estimates, particularly for capacity, may not be very accurate. Consequently national and industry specific estimates may 

### be biased, and therefore one should use caution when interpreting these numbers.
4. Convertina responses with various units of measurement into resDonses with a standardized unit of measurement. 

### In answering the quantitative qyestions, respondents provided responses consistent with their recordkeeping practices. 

### For example, respondents could provide responses tovolume questions 

### in tons, gallons, cubic yards, cubic feet, acre-feet, etc. 

### For analysis purposes, all responses were converted to standardized units of measurement. In converting responses to standardized units, assumptionswere made with regard to the density 

### of waste and quantitieswere rounded off, all of which may contribute to nonsampling errors. We did,.however, carefully check comments of each case for any elaborations on certain responses. check 

### for unusually large or small quantities. We also ran the data through numerous edit checks to

3-8 

## I I 

# I 

# I 

# 1 1 I I 1 

# I I I 

# E 

# B I 

# I I I 

# 14.0 RESULTS OF THE STUDY



### In this section,we first present the descriptive statistics that describe the Subtitle 

### D waste management practices, focusing specifically 

### on waste managed through landbased waste management 

### units. .Wefirst present statistics that describe the waste management practices at the establishment level: 

### o 

### The estimated number of 

### establishments that manage Subtitle D 

### industrial process waste: o 

### The estimated number of establishments that manage Subtitle 

### D industrial process waste in landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, and waste piles. o 

### The estimated quantity of Subtitle 

### D industrial process waste managed through land-based 'waste management units:
We then 

### follow with a 

### discussion on statistics that describe waste management practices at the waste management unit level: 0 

### Total estimated number of landfills, surface


### o impoundments, land application units, and waste piles: Total estimated quantity of Subtitle 

### D industrial process waste managed through each land-based waste management unit: o 

### Estimated Subtitle 

### D industrial process waste managed per unit for each type of 

### waste management unit: The above statistics are presented as national and industry specific estimates and meet EPA's 

### objectives outlined in Section 1.3. 

### initial objectives and presents statistics that describe size and capacity of 

### waste management units, the usage 

### of alternative The remainder of this 

### section goes beyond EPA's

4-1

### waste management practices, types 

### of closed units, and the management of small quantity generator and other special wastes. Throughout this section,we use the word ttwastetl which means Subtitle 

### D industrial process waste unless otherwise specified. Furthermore the usage of the word "waste management 

# I I



# I 

# E 

# 3 

# I units" 

### or @tunitstt refers to landfills, surface impoundments, land

# 1 application units, and'wastepiles that are used to handle Subtitle D 

### waste, or waste not regulated as hazardous. 

# I The following subsections are written so 

### as to present, national estimates, followed by industry and/or size of establishment estimates. the results for 

### industry-specific and size estimates. Industry Graphics are used -tovisually present groups in the graphs are denoted by numbers which are given in Table 4-1. ' 

# 1 Text and tables that discuss industry-specific estimates usually focus on the industries that account for over 70

### percent or 80 

### percent of the national estimate. discussion on industries in order to contain the length of the We limit the 

# 1 report. presented in the following subsections. Appendix C 

### contains tables that correspond to each graph

In discussing the estimates, we present the standard errors for all national estimates while standard errors for 

### industry-specific estimates are given inAppendix C. 

### Where needed, we also discuss any problems with interpreting the estimates; e.g., interpretation of 

### the question, nonresponse specific question.

4-2 

# I I 

# I I to a

# mTable 4-1. Industry Group Numbering System Group Number Industry GrOUD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Organic Chemicals Primary Iron and Steel Fertilizer and Agricultural Chemicals Electric Power Generation Plastics and Resins Manufacturing Inorganic Chemicals Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Pulp and Paper Primary Nonferrous Metals Food and Kindred Products Water Treatment Petroleum Refining Rubber.and Miscellaneous Products Transportation Equipment Selected Chemicals and Allied Products Textile Manufacturing Leather and Leather Products1.1 Uaste Management Practices at the Es ablishment Level

4.1.1 TotalNumber 

### of Establishments that Manage Industrial subtitle 

### D Uaste Of 

### the 15,844 

### establishments sampled, 69 

### percent 

### or 10,931 

### establishmentsmanaged Subtitle D 

### industrial process 

# I 

# 1 

# I I I I
wastes in 1985. 

### Based on the sample,we estimate that nationally 72,421 

### establishmentsmanaged Subtitle 

### D industrial process waste 

### in 1985. 

# I 1 

# B Number 

### of 

# I Table 4-2. 

### Estimated Number of 

### Establishments that Managed Subtitle 

### D Industrial Waste in 1985


### Standard Confidence Interval Esthate Error (95%) 

### Establishments 72,421 758 70,933

# - 73,907



### Exhibit 4-1 

### displays the estimated number of 

# I 

# u 8 

# I 1 establishments managing Subtitle 

### D industrial waste by industry. Over 70 

### percent of the establishments that managed industrial Subtitle 

### D waste were 

### found in five industries which are listed in Table 4-3.

4-4I I

L 

## -

*

I I I 1 I I I I N 

# -

b

m

N

4-5

### Table 4-3. 

### Estimated Number of 

### Establishments that Managed Industrial Subtitle 

### D Waste in 1985 

### in Select Industries 

# I 

# I Industry Group Estimated Number of 

### Establishments Food and Kindred Products (10) 14

### , 542 

### Stone,Glass, 

### and Concrete (7) 11,765 

# 1 Rubber and Miscellaneous Products (13) 11,128 

# i Textile Manufacturing (14) 

### a,274 

### Transportation 

# m Equipment (16) 5,760

I 

# P

I 

# 1 Another 11 

### percent of establishments that managed Subtitle 

### D ifldustrialprocess wastes in 1985 

### were in the 

### pulp'and paper (8) 

### an7 the 

### primary nonferrous metals (9) 

### industries. I 

# I I i t 4.1.2 Total Number of Establishments that use Waste Management Units to Manage Subtitle D Industrial Process Wastes 

### Re,spondents were asked whether 

### or not waste was managed i 

### in landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, 

### or wastes piles that were not regulated 

### as hazardous during 1985. 

### Of the establishments that managed industrial waste, an estimated 20 

### percent 

### or 12,007 

### establishments managed waste in at least one 

### of the land-based waste management units described above. 

# 1

4-6 " 

# 1, 

### Table 4-4. 

### Estimated Number of 

### Establishments thatManaged Waste in-Land-BasedWaste Management Units 

### in 1985 

### Standard Confidence Interval Estimate 

### Error (95%) 

### Establishmentsthat 

### use Waste Management Units 12

### ,007 408. 11,208

## - 12,805 

### Exhibit 4-2 

### shows the 12,007 

### establishxnentsdistributed across industries. As shown in this exhibit, nearly 60

### percent 

### or 7,089

### establishments that managed waste in land-based units in 1985 

### were in the stone, clay,glass, and concrete (7) 

### and the food 

### and kindred products industry (10). 

### The remaining number of establishmentswere fairly evenly distributed across industries, ranging 

### from an estimated 67 

### establishments in the leather industry (17) 

### to 573 

### establishments 

### in the primazy iron and steel industry (2). 

### Table 4-5 

### lists by 

### industry 80 

### percent of 

### the establishments that used at least one of 

### the four land-based waste -managementunits to manage waste in 1985.

4-7

### Table 4-5. 

### Estimated Number of Establishments that Managed Waste in Land-Based Waste Management Units by Industry in 1985 

### Industry Group ~~ 

### Estimated Number of Establishments Stone, Clay, Glass and Concrete (7) ,4,368 

### Food and Kindred Products (10) 

### Primary 

### Iron and Steel (2) 

### Textile Manufacturing (16) 

### Pulp and Paper (8) 

### Petroleum Refining (12) 

### Electric.PowerGeneration 2,721 573 520 498 459 396



### Of the estimated 12,007 

### establishments that managed wastes in Subtitle 

### D units, an estimated 2,321 

### establishments managed waste in landfills, 6,681

### establishments managed wastes in surface impoundments, 2,136 

### establishmentsmanaged waste in land applicationunits, and 4

### ,205 

### establishments managed waste in waste piles.

4-9

### Table 4-6. 

### Estimated Number of Establishments that Managed Wastes in,Landfills, Surface Impoundments,Land Application Units, and Waste Piles in 1985 

# I Standard Confidence Interval Estimate Error (95%) 

### Landfills 

### (LF) Surface Impoundments 

### (SI) Land Application Units 

### (LA) Waste Piles (WP) 2,321 168 6,681 298 2,136 200 4

### ,205 257 1,992

# - 2,649 6,098

# - 7,265 

# ,$ 1,734

# - 2,528 3,700

## - 4,708



### Exhibit 4-3 

### displays, 

### by industry, the number of 

### establishments that managed wastes in each of 

### the 

### four land-based waste management units in 1985. 

### Each industry,except for 

### the the leather and leatherproducts industry (17),

### managed waste 

### in all

### four unit types. Furthermore, the use of 

### eachunit type for 

### managing waste was dominated by certain industries,particularly the stone, clay, glass, and concrete industry (7) 

### and the food and kindred products industry (10). 

### In 1985, 

### these 

### two industries accounted 

### for at least 50 

### percent of 

### the establishments that used each type of 

### unit. industries, the usage of each unit type tends to be rather evenly distributed. Table 4-7 presents 

### by unit type those industries that account for 

### over 70 

### percent 

### of the establishments using waste management units in 1985. 

# I 

# s 4 

# I N I



### Among the remaining

4-10W

r

4-11

# 1 Table 4-7. Estimated Number of Establishmentsthat used Waste Management Units in 1985 by Industry Group
Unit type 

# I Estimated Number IndustryGroup of Establishments Percentage Landf

### i11s Stone, Clay, Glass and Concrete (7) Food and Kindred Products (10) Pulp and Paper (8) Primary Iron and Steel (2) 

### Electric Power and Generation (4) Surface ImDoundments Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (7) 1,153 189 180 177 126 1,977 Food and Kindred
- Products (10) 1,713Textile Manufacturing (16) 388 Inorganic Chemicals (6) 345 Electric Power and Generation (4) Land ARDliCatiOII Units Food and Kindred Products (10) Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (7) Waste Piles Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (7) Food and Kindred Products (10) Primary Iron and 322 1,375 188
2,082 8.1 

# I 7.8 7.8 5.4
29.6 26.6

6.8 6.2 4.8 ,64i4 8.8 

# e 1 'y 

# 8 49.6 340 335 8.1 8.0 Steel (2) Transportation Equipment (14) 307 7.3 4-124.1.3 Total Quantity of Waste 

### Managed 

### in Subtitle D Landbased 

### Management Units 

### If an establishment managed waste through a 

### waste management unit, the respondent was 

### asked to report how much waste was managed through each type of 

### waste management unit. An 

### estimated 6.9 

### billion metric tons of 

### industrial Subtitle 

### D waste was managed through landfills, surface impoundments, land applicationunits,

### and waste piles during 1985. 

### Table 4-8. 

### Total Estimate Quantity of 

### Subtitle 

### D Industrial Process Waste Managed through Land-Based Waste Management Units (inbillion metric tons) Standard Confidence Interval Estimate Error (95%) 

### Quantity of 

### Waste 6.924 7.38 5.478 

# - 8.37



### In Section 4.1.2 

### we noted that several industries, such as stone,glass, and concrete and food and kindred products, have a 

### large number of 

### establishments that manage Subtitle D 

### industrial process wastes through waste management units. These same industries,however, 

### do 

### not manage the largest quantities of Subtitle 

### D industrial process wastes. In contrast, the pulp and paper industrfr (8),

### which does not have a large number of establishments (anestimated 557), 

### managed the largest quantity of waste through land-basedmanagement units in 1985. As 

### shown in Exhibit 4-4, 

### the pulp and paper industry accounts for nearly 30

### percent of 

### the waste managed through land-based management

4-13

## P -3 

## Q,
1:

I 0 0 I I I I 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0, 0 0 N r( *a m

4-14units 

### in 1985, totaling an estimated 2.04 billion metric tons. Table 4-9 displays the industries that account for over 70 percent 

### of the waste managed through 

### the four waste management units in 1985. The industries shown 

### in the table account for an estimated 1862 establishments that used land-based units 

### in 1985, which 

### is less than the number 

### of establishments 

### in either food and kindred products 

### or the stone, clay, glass, and concrete industries (26,307 establishments), yet these industriesmanaged more ,thantwice the estimated quantity 

### of waste 

### in 1985.
Table 4-9. Estimated Quantity of Waste Managed Through Landbased Waste Management Units by Industry in 1985 Industry Group Quantity of Waste (metrictons) Pulp and Paper (8) 2.047 X lo9 Primary Iron

.and Steel "(2) 1.182 x lo9
t Electric Power Inorganic Chemicals (6) 836 x lo6 and Generation (4) 993 x lo6

As noted earlier, the sample was stratified by size of establishment because!we believed that larger-sized establishments'would generate greater quantities 

### of waste than smaller-sized establi'shments. Exhibit 4-5 displays the total estimated quantity 

### of waste managed through waste management units by large-, medium-, and small-sized establishments. Larged-sized establishments managed an estimated 4.3 billion metric tons of Subtitle D industrial waste, medium-sized establishments managed an estimated 2.2 billion metric tons, and small-sized establishments managed an estimated 463 million
4-15

# n w

E 

### ? b N, 

### rn

I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 OJ 

### a 0 

### 4r, 0 0 rn 0 0 0 

# : e 

## +

4-16 cmetric tons. managed 

### in land-based waste management units, large-sized establishments account for an estimated 62 percent, medium-sized account 

### for 

### an estimated 31 percent, and small-sized establihsments account for an estimated 7 percent. As expected from the sample design, the estimated average quantity 

### of waste managed 

### per establishment is greater for large-sized establishments than formedium-;and small-sized establishments. A large-sized establishmentmanaged 

### an estimated average 2.8 million metric tons, 

### a medium-sized establishment managed 492,000 metric tons, and a small-sized establishment managed 76,500 metric tons. As a percentage 

### of the total quantity of waste

~

Furthermore, we anticipated that the management 

### of waste would be skewed; e.g., 5 percent of the establishments would manage 95 percent of the waste managed through waste management units. The number of establishments and the total cumulative amount 

### of waste managed per establishmentwas plotted 

### in order to examine the distribution of Subtitle 

### D industrial waste managed through land-based units across establishments. Exhibit 4-6 displays the plot 

### of percentage of establishments versus the percentage of waste managed by establishments, and as expected,Fthe distribution 

### of waste is skewed. that 50 percent of the establishments manage less than 20 percent of the waste managed through Subtitle D waste management units. The remai&ng 50 percent 

### of the establishments show a large increase 

### in the quantity 

### of waste managed per establishment. Ninety percent 

### of the establishments, however, still manage less than 45 percent of the waste, and the remaining 10 percent 

### of the establishmentsmanage over 50 percent 

### of the waste managed through Subtitle 

### D units. The plot shows

4-17

# z

4-184.2 Waste Management Practices at the 

### Unit Level 

### This section examines each unit type: landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, and waste piles. For 

### each unit type, 

### we present national 

### and industry-specific estimates 

### on the total number of units, the total amount 

### of waste managed, and the waste managed per unit type.

4.2.1 Landfills I 

### In 1985,

### there were an estimated 2757 

### landfills 

### that An estimated were used 

### to manage industrial Subtitle 

### D waste. 78.4 

### million metric tons were disposed in landfills during 1985.


### Table 4-10. 

### Landfills 

### in'1985 

### Standard Confidence Interval Estimate Error (95%) 

### Total Number 

### of Landfills 2757 196 2730

# - 3138 

### Quantity 

### of Waste Managed through Landfills (in million metric tons) 78.4 21.3 36.65 

# - 120.11



### Exhibit 4-7a 

### shows the distribution of the number of landfills among industries. 

### In 1985,

### seventy-five percent 

### of the 

### landfills 

### were operated by 5 

### industries which are listed in Table 4-11.

4-190

, 

## 4-



# f 8 

## s s 6 s 

# f

4-20Table 4-11. Estimated Number 

### of Landfill Units by Industry 

### in 1985 Industry Group Estimated Number Percentage Stone, 

### Clay, Glass, and Concrete (7) Pulp and 

### Paper (8) Primary Iron and Steel (2) Food and Kindred Products (10) Electric 

### Power and Generation’(4) 1,257 259 202 194 155 45.0 9.4 7.3 7.0 5.6
Though the stone, clay, glass, and concrete industry operated 45 percent of the landfills in 1985, this industry 

### only disposed 8 percent 

### of thewaste managed through landfills. As 

### shown in Exhibit 4-7b, the electric power industry disposed an estimated-48.6million metric tons of waste into landfills, which accounts for 62 percent of the waste disposed 

### in landfills during 1985. Table 4-12 lists the industries which account for over 80 percent of the waste disposed in landfills.

4-21Table 4-12. Estimated Quantity of Waste Managed through Landfills by Industry 

### in 1985 Industry Group Estimated Quantity Percentage Electric Power and Generation (4) Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (7) 48.6 X lo6 6.9 X lo6 62.0 8.0 

### Pulp and Paper (8) 5.3 x lo6 6.9 Fertilizer and Agricultural Chemicals (3) 5.26 

### x lo6 6.7
Next, we examined the average quantity of waste managed per unit for each industry. the average quantities of waste managed through an individual unit for each industry. reveals the result of industries that have relatively few units but manage large quantities of waste and vice versa. 7c shows the waste managed per unit for each industry during 1985, and Table 4-13 lists the five industries that managed the largest quantities of waste per unit. This ratio provides information on 

### This information is useful because it Exhibit 4-

4-22

### respondentswere told to report 

### quantities. estimates, respondents were told to include the quantity 

### of waste When 

### providing and the liquid that the waste was dissolved in; i.e., the entire 

### volume 

### of wastewater.
Table 4-14. 

### Surface Impoundments in 1985 

### Standard Confidence Interval Estimate Error (95%) 

### Total Number of Surface Impoundments 15

### , 253 700 13,881

# - 16,625 

### Quantity 

### of Waste Managed through Surface Impoundments (in million metric

.

### tons) 6,685 737.5 5239

# - 8131



### Exhibit 4-8a 

### shows the distribution of the number of surface impoundments among industries. Nearly seventy percent of 

### the surface impoundments were operated 

### in 1985 

### by five industries which are listed 

### in Table 4-15.Table 4-13. Estimated Average Quantity 

### of Waste Managed per Landfill 

### by Industry 

### in 1985 (inmetric tons)

~ Industry 

### Group Waste per Unit > Electric Power 

### and Generation (10) 313,201 Fertilizer 

### and Agricultural Chemicals (3) 168,588 Inorganic Chemicals (6) 24,423 Pulp and Paper (8) I 20,592 Food and Kindred Products (10) 16

## ,807

* 

### As shown 

### in the above table and Exhibit 4-7c, the electric power industry managed the largest average quantity of waste per unit across all industries. 

### The stone, clay, glass, 

### and concrete industry which had the largest number of landfills managed one 

### of the smallest average quantities of waste.

4-2-2 

### Surface Impoundments In 1985 there were an estimated 15,253 surface impoundments that were used to manage Subtitle 

### D waste. estimated 6.685 billion metric tons were managed through surface impoundments during 1985. managed through this unit type is several order of magnitudes greater than the quantity of waste managed through other unit types. This is largely due to the type 

### of waste managed, typically liquid waste, and the nature 

### of the industrial process which tend to be large-scale wastewater treatment processes. The large quantities reported by establishments 

### is alsodue to how 

### An The estimated .quantity

### of waste

4-233I 

# li" e



# z U ;*k. 

### uo


# E g:-g 0 

### 8 0 0 n 

### 8 5 0, 

### 8 0 aI 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 m Q) 0



## -*-



# 30
in 

# I

d

T

.. 4-25Table 4-15, 

### Estimated Number of 

### Surface Impoundments by Industry in1985 

### Percentage 

# I IndustryGroup Estimated Number Food 

### and kindred products (10) 4,166 27.3 

### Stone, 

### Clay, Glass, 

### and Concrete (7) 

### Electric 

### Power and Generation (10) 3,153 1,220 ' 21.0 7.9 

# c I Inorganic Chemicals (6) 1,039 6.8 

### Pulp and Paper (8) 918 6.0



### As shown 

### in Exhibit 4-8a, 

### nearly 50 

### percent 

### of the 

# I 

# I I
surface impoundments, by industry, in 1985. Table 4-16 lists 

# E i surface impoundments in 1985 

### wereoperated by two industries, food and kindred products and stone, clay, glass, and concrete. Though these 

### two industries operatehalf of the 

### surface impoundments, they accounted for less 

### than 15 

### percent of the 

### waste managed through this

### unit type during 1985. 

### displays the 

### totalestimated quantity of 

### waste managed through those industriesthat account for 

### over 80 

### percent of the waste 

### managed through 

### surface impoundments, Exhibit 4-8b

-

4-26 

# I I 

# I 1 ITable 4-16. Quantity 

### of Waste Managed through Surface Impoundmentsby Industry 

### in 1985 Industry Group Estimate Percentage Pulp and 

### Paper (8) 2.032 

### x lo9 30.4 Primary Iron and Steel (2) 1.173 X lo9 Electric Power and Generation (4) 943.3 

### x lo6 795.5 

### x lo6 Inorganic Chemicals (6) Stone, Glass, 

### Clay, and Concrete (7) 550.2 

### x lo6 17.5 14.1 11.8

8.2

The pulp and paper industry and the primary iron and steel industry together account 

### for nearly 50 percent of the waste managed through surface impoundments during 1985. the industries in Table 4-16 operate relatively few surface impoundments, the waste managed per unit is relatively large in comparisonwith other industries that have numerous units. Exhibit 4-8c displays the estimated average quantity of waste managed 

### per unit 

### in 1985, and Table 4-17 

### lists the five industries that managed the largest quantities of waste per unit. When comparing Tables 4-16 and 4-17, the four industries (primary iron and steel, pulp and paper, electric power, and inorganic chemicals) which managed the largest quantities of waste also managed the largest quantities of wasteper unit. Because

4-27Table 4-17. 

### E tim ted Average 

### Qu ntity of Waste Man Surface Impoundment by Industry 

### in 1985 tons) ged per 

### (inmetric
Industry Group Quantity of Waste Managed per Unit Primary Iron and Steel (2) 3I065,411 Pulp and Paper (8) 2I214,809 Electric Power and Generation (4) 773,242 Inorganic Chemicals (6) 765,625 Plastic and Resins Manufacturing (5) 552,736

In comparisonwith landfills, larger average quantities 

### of waste tend to 

### be managed through a surface impoundment. 

### is typically due to waste treatment processes involving a continual flow 

### of wastewater or liquids through surface impoundment units. (electric power, inorganic chemicals, and pulp and paper) also managed the largest quantities 

### of waste through landfills. This
Three 

### of the industries listed in Table 4-17

4.2.3 

### Land 

### Application 

### Units In 1985, there were an estimated 4,308 land application units that were used to manage Subtitle D waste. 90.1 million metric tons were applied to land application units during 1985. An estimated

4-20Table 4-18. Land Application Units in 1985 Standard Confidence Interval Estimate Error (95%) Number 

### of Land Application Units 4,308 1,100 Quantity 

### of Waste I Applied 

### to Land Application Units

(inmillion metric tons) 90.144 12.08 2,151

# - 6,465

66.46 

# - 113.83

Exhibit 4-9a shows the distribution 

### of the number 

### of land application units among industries, The number of land application units 

### are 

### more concentrated 

### in one industry than is evidenced for the landfills and surface impoundments. The food and kindred products industry operated over 70 percent of the land application units 

### in 1985. Table 4-19 lists the five industries that account for over 95 percent 

### of the number 

### of land application units operated 

### during 1985.

4-29

# z u :?2 

### P Y 

# I i. f 9

. 4-30Table 4-19. Estimated Number of Land Application Units by Industry 

### in 1985 Industry Group Estimated 

### Number Percentage Food and Kindred Products (10) Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (7) Fertilizer and Agricultural Chemicals (3) Water Treatment (11) pulp and Paper (8) 3,128 72.6 309 7.2
160 3.7 147 139 3.4 3.2

As discussed earlier, the usage of landfills and ' surface impoundments was such that the stone, clay, glass, and concrete industry and the food and kindred products industry have relatively numerous units but these industries do not manage large quantities of waste through their units. Land application units 

### show a different pattern of usage. 

### The food and kindred products industry which operated the largest number of land application units during 1985 also managed the largest quantity of waste through their units. Exhibit 4-9b displays the quantity 

### of waste managed through land application units by industry. As' shown in the exhibit, the quantity of waste managed through land application units 

### is largely concentrated in three industries: food and kindred products, water treatment, and 

### pulp and paper. These industries account for over 90 percent of thewaste managed through this unit type during 1985 and are listed 

### in Table 4-20.

4-35Table 4-20. Estimated Quantity ofWaste Managed through Land Application Units by Industry in 1985 (inmetric tons) 

# m Industry 

### Group Estimated Quantity Percentage 

### Food and Kindred Products (10) 69.034 

### x lo6 Water Treatment (11) 8.140 X 

### lo6 76.6 9.0 Pulp and Paper (8) 8.128 

### x 

### lo6 9.0 

# 8 

# 1 I 1 

# I 1 When examining the average quantity 

### of waste managed per unit, several industries manage large quantities of waste through few units though the total amount of waste for that industry 

### is relatively 

### small. quantity of waste managed per unit for each industry in 1985. The food and kindred products industry operates 

### a number of units that is proportional to 

### the quantity of waste managed through those units and therefore does not manage a large quantity 

### of Table 4-21 lists the industries which managed the largest average quantities 

### of waste 

### per 

### unit 

### in 1985 and shows 

### that organic chemicals and pulp and paper are the two industries managing the largest volumes per unit

# . Exhibi,t4-9c displays the average

waste per unit relative to other industries.

4-32Table 4-21. Estimated Quantity 

### of Waste Managed per Land ApplicationUnit 

### by Industry 

### in 1985 (inmetric tons) Quantity of Waste Industry Group Managed per Unit organic 

### Chemicals (6) 62,357 Pulp and 

### Paper (8) 58,494 Water Treatment (11) 55,510 Primary Nonferrous Metals (9) 38,887 Textile Manufacturing (16) 22,944

4.204 Waste 

### Piles
. 

### In 1985, there were an'estimated 5,335 waste piles used
' to manage Subtitle D 

### waste. An estimated 69.9 million metric tons were stored 

### in the waste piles during 1985.
Table 4-22. Waste Piles 

### in 1985 Standard Confidence Interval Estimate
. 

### Error (95%) Number 

### of Wastes Piles 5,335 336 4,676

# - 5,994 Quantity 

### of Waste Stored 

### (inmillion metric tons) 69.94 2.667 64.69 

# - 75.19

4-33Exhibit 4-10a shows the distribution of the number of waste piles across industries. Table 4-23 lists the industries that account for over 75 percent 

### of the waste piles that were active during 1985.
Table 4-23. Estimated Number 

### of Waste Piles 

### by Industry 

### in 1985 Industry Group Estimate Percentage Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (7) 2

## ,528 47.0 Food and Kindred Products (10) 540 10.0 Primary Iron and Steel (2) Transportatibn Equipment (14) 464 362 Primary Nonferrous Metals (9) 312 8.6 6.7 5.8

Exhibit 4-10b shows the estimated quantities of waste managed by industry. 

### of units do not necessarily manage the largest quantities of waste. Table 4-24 lists the industries that account for over 90 percent 

### of the waste stored in waste piles. which had an estimated 98 waste piles, stored the largest quantity of waste (37.6 million metric tons) 

### in waste piles during 1985. Food and kindred products, on the other hand, operated relatively numerous units but stored only an estimated 8,240 metric tons during 1985- The industries that have the largest number Inorganic chemicals,

# I I 3

I I 

# 1 1 

# a

4-34hE.r 

### uo

E

4-35

# ‘I

Table 4-24. Estimated Average Quantity 

### of Waste Stored 

### in Waste Piles 

### by Industry in 1985 (in metric 

### tons) Industry Group Estimated Quantity Percentage 

# E Inorganic Chemicals (6) Stone, 

### Clay, Glass, and concrete (7) Primary Nonferrous Metals (9) Primary Iron and Steel (2) Fertilizer and Agricultural Chemicals (3) 37.6 

### x 

### lo6 8.4 

### x lo6 7.9 

### x lo6 5.6 x lo6
4.4 x 106 54.0 11.8 11.3

7.9
6.2 

# I I 

# I Because the inorganic chemicals industry operates relatively 

### few units, it stores 

### a substantially higher 

### volume of waste in waste piles than other industries. Exhibit 4-1Oc illustrates this point by displaying the estimated average quantity 

### of waste stored per unit by industry during 1985, and Table 4-25 lists the industries that stored the five largest average quantities of waste 

### per unit.

4-36 

# I 1 

# I 1 I 

# a

### Table 4-25. 

### Estimated 

### Average Quantity of Waste Stored 

### per Unit in 1985 

### (inmetric tons) Industry Group 

### Quantity of 

### Waste Stored per Unit Inorganic Chemicals (6) 

### Fertilizer and 

### Agricultural Chemicals (4) 

### Plastic and 

### Resins Manufacturing (5) 

### Primary Nonferrous Metals (9) 382,196 87,I85 86,334 25,558 

### Primary 

### Iron and Steel (2) 12,000

4.3 Capacity and Surface Area Estimates of Land-Based Waste Management 

### Units Based on the survey data, there 

### was 

### in 1985 

### a total estimated landfi,llcapacity of 9.42 

### billion metric 

### tons and 

### a remaining capacity 

### of 8.91 

### billion metric tons: whereas surface impoundments had 

### an estimated capacity 

### of 28.78 

### billion metric tons. Size measures 

### for land application units and waste piles are given 

### in surface area. total estimated surface area of 1.12 

### million acres and waste piles 

### had an estimated surface area 

### of 23,273 

### acres. In 1985, 

### land application units had aTable 4-26. Estimated Capacities and Surface Areas of the Land-Based Waste Management Units 

### in 1985 Standard Coefficient 

### of Estimate Error Variation (CV) Total Capacity 

### of Landfills 9.425 X 

### IO9 7.149 X lo9 76% Total Remaining Capacity 

### of Landfills 8.913 X lo9 6.950 X lo9 78% Total Capacity of Surface Impoundments 28.78 

### x lo9 21.48 

### x lo9 75% Total Surface Area 

### of Land Application Units 1.12 

### x lo6 672,848 Total Surface Area 

### of Waste 

### Piles 23,273 10,805 60%
46%

The variance 

### of a national estimate 

### is the sum 

### of 

# I I

I
Using landfill capacity, as 

### an example, the coefficient

# I 1 

# I 1 variances across industries. Therefore, the high variability 

### in the national estimates 

### in Table 4-26 is due to the variability found in the industries that make up the estimate. (Referto Appendix C for the industry-specific estimates and standard errors.)


### of variation (the standard error as a percentage 

### of the estimate) percent. The industries that have high CVs (greaterthan 20%) for this data item are: varies by industry from less than 2 percent to as high as 88

46.6% 88.4% 46.2% 

# -- Electric 

### Power and Generation Stone, Clay, Glass and Concrete Food and Kindred Products 

# -- --

., 4-38

### Rubber and Miscellaneous Products 

# -- 65.8% 22.2% 

### Transportation Equipment 

# -- The high variability found in the above industries 

### for this estimate is due to a combination 

### of factors. First, in some 

### of the industries,a small percentage 

### of medium- and small-sized establishments sampled had landfills and their responseswere weighted 

### to provide industry estimates. When the sample size is smallwithin 

### a stratum, thevariances tend to 

### be larger, and, consequently, the small and medium sized establishments contribute greatly 

### to the variance 

### of the estimate.' Secondly, the responses that are provided by respondentswithin a size stratumvaried so 

### highly that large establishmentsprovided estimates 

### for capacity that were smaller than estimates provided by small and medium sized establishments, and vice versa. Consequently, the stratifyingvariable was not extremely useful in decreasing the var,iability

### of this estimate. I

4-39 

### These two reasons, small sample sizes and inefficient sample design, resulted in large variability of industry estimates for 

### landfill capacity, as well 

### as the other estimates listed in Table 4-26. 

### In addition to the sampling 

### error, nonsampling error, which cannot be measured, is also a key factor to consider in the reliability 

### of these estimates. Respondents were asked to provide their best estimate of capacity and surface area and were not required 

### to collect data in order 

### to provide responses. 

### In providing responses, respondents indicated difficulties in estimating these size variables. Consequently, responses that they did provide may be biased indicating that if every establishment was surveyed and asked 

### to provide a best estimate, the sum of the estimates would not be the 

### true population total.

### Because the national estimates show such high variability, one should instead focus on the individual industry estimates and examine the industries with reliable estimates versus the industrieswith highly variable estimates.

4.4 

### Alternative Waste

### Management 

### Practices The questionnaire was structured to first determine which establishments managed waste 

### in one 

### of the four waste management units in 1985. 

### If an establishment did not manage waste in any 

### of the land-based waste management units, respondents were asked to explain 

### how the waste was managed. The 

### question was asked to get a general idea of what waste management methods were applied by establishments that did not use land based waste management units. Respondents for the estimated 12,006

### establishments that had reported onsite waste management units were not asked if they applied other alternative waste management practices. 

# 8 I 1 

# I 

# I
management practices: 

# I Respondents of this question were not given response categories for alternative waste management practices, instead telephone interviewers were trained 

### to pick up on Itkeytt words such 

### as incineration, tank treatment and recycling. The responses were then coded into the following alternative waste Recycling, Reclaiming and Reusing; Incineration; Underground Injection; Boilers; 

### Tank Treatment; Waste 

### is sent offsite; Waste 

### is sold: and Practice cannot be 

### classified into 1 

### through 7, 

### above. 

# 1 

# I The first five methods 

### were further coded 

### to indicate whether the practice was employed onsite, offsite, or location of
440management not specified. The alternative waste management practice question 

### was coded for up to four practices reported by the respondent. As the question about alternative waste management practices was only posed to those establishments that 

### did not report the 

### use of any 

### one of the 

### four waste management units, we can only estimate the number 

### of establishments that employed waste management practices other than land-based waste management units. In the sample, 8,081 establishments managed waste using some alternate waste management practice. Based on the sample, 

### we estimate nationally that therewere an estimated 60,414 establishments that used alternative management practices to manage their

### waste 

### in 1985. 

# I

Table 4-27. Estimated Number 

### of Establishments 'that did not Manage Subtitle 

### D Industrial Waste 

### in.Land-Based Units, but Employed Some Other Method or Practice 

### in 1985 Standard Confidence Interval Estimate Error (95%) Number 

### of Establishments 60,414 757 58,930

# - 61,897

Exhibit 4-11 displays the estimated number 

### of establishments that employed alternative waste management practices, 

### by industry, in 1985. As shown 

### in the exhibit, several industries have a large estimated number 

### of establishments that employ alternative practices. The industries that account 

### for over 70 percent 

### of the establishments that employed alternative practices 

### in 1985 are listed 

### in Table 4-28.

441r 1 I 0 0 I I I 0 0 0 0 0) 

### 8 0 0 

### 8 0 0 

### 8 f! E! 0, 

## mavJs3 # 

# E I 

# 1 

# 8

I 1 

# I t 

# I I I 1 

# I 1 

# I 1 

# I 

# m

n

4-42 L



### ow 

## E k 

## ETable 4-28. Estimated Number 

### of Establishments that Managed Subtitle D Industrial Waste Using an Alternative Practice, by Industry, 

### in 1985 Industry Group Estimated Number of Establishments Percentage Food and Kindred Products (10) 11,830 19.6 Rubber and Misc. Products (13) 10

## , 844 18.0 Transportation Equipment (14) 7,859 13.0 Stone, Clay, Glass C Concrete (7) 7,397 12.2 Textile Manufacturing (16) 5,240 8.7

Table 4-29 displays the estimated total number 

### of establishments that.employedalternative practices by location (e.g., onsite versus offsite) 

### in 1985. One should note that one establishment can employ multiple alternative practices, therefore, the estimated number 

### of establishments do not sum 

### to 60,414. and,Table 4-29 Estimated Number of Establishments that Employed Alternative Waste Management Practices, by Location, 

# li in 1985 - Alternative Practice Number 

### of Establisments onsite Practices 6,786 offsite Practices* 54,409 

# I Unspecified Location

(onsite

### or Offsite) 

# I 3,244 Unspecified Practice 

# I and Location 4

## , 744 

# 1 *Includes waste that was sold or sent offsite for management.

Because EPA's emphasis 

### is on onsite waste management practices, we limit the discussion 

### of 

### the industry-specific estimates 

### to onsite alternative waste management practices. Table 4-30 displays by type of practice the estimated 6,786 establishments that employed alternative waste management practices onsite during 1985. 

# I 

# I I

4-44Table 4-30. Estimated 

### # of Responses for Alternative Waste Management Practices Alternative Practice Number 

### of EstabPisments

___ Onsite Recycling/Reclaim/Reuse Onsite Incineration Onsite Underground Injection Onsite Boilers Onsite Tank Treatment 4,608 463

16 19 1,683

Exhibits 4-12a through 4-12e display by industry the estimated number 

### of establishments that.employed each alternative practice onsite in 1985. employed by very few industries and within industry by relatively few establishments. An estimated 13 establishments 

### in the food & kindred products (10)industry employed boilers and an estimated 11 establishments 

### in the organic chemicals (1) industry injected wastes underground. In the sample, 

### a number of industries did not have any establishments that employed either of these two methods. (Refer to Appendix C for the number 

### of establishments 

### in the sample that reported using underground injection and boilers tomanage wastes.)Underground injection and boilers were

Recycling and tank treatment, 

### on the other hand, are alternative practices that seem to be employed much 

### more commonly across all industries. The rubber & misc. products (13) industry and the stone, clay, glass & concrete industry are each estimated to include over 1,000 establishments that used recycling 

### as an alternativemethod 

### in 1985, while most of the other industries are estimated tohave at least 50 establishments.

4-45

# __i 

# 4 a



# i

i

4

3 

# I

. 4-46

### Tank treatment was employed by an estimated 428 

### establishments 

### in the food and kindred products (10) 

### industry and 

### an estimated 321 

### establishments in the transportation equipment (14) 

### industry. Most of the other industries 

### are estimated to have at least 20 

### establishments that employed this method during 1985.

4.5 Closed 

### Units 

### If an establishmentmanaged waste in active Subtitle 

### D units or employed alternative waste management practices, respondents were asked whether 

### or not the establishment had operated landfills, surface impoundments, land application units 

### or waste piles that had since permanently closed. respondents were not asked for actual numbers of closed units. We defined permanently closed units as those units which were 

### in the midst 

### of legal processes 

### of becoming permanently closed during 1985 

### or units that had not been used for several years 

### with no intentions of being 

### used again. The

Table 4-31 

### presents the estimated number and percentage The 

### of establishments that had each type 

### of closed unit 

### in 1985. 

### percentages given 

### in the table are based on the number 

### of establishments with the closed units type as 

### a percentage of 

### the estimated number 

### of establishments (72,419)

### that managed Subtitle 

### D industrial waste.Table 4-31. Estimated Number 

### of Establishmentswith Closed Unit Types in 1985 0 

### of 

# I Estimated Number 

### of Unit Type Establishments Establishments Landfills 1,757 2.4 Surf ace Impoundments 1,906 2.63 

# I Land Application Units Waste Piles 601 1,092 

### .a 1.5

i Exhibit 4-13 presents the estimated number 

### of establishments 

### in the above table by industry, and Table 4-32 presents those industries which account for 70 percent of the establishments with closed units. 

### For each type 

### of closed unit, 

# I up to an estimated 40 percent of the establishments in 1985 were either in the stone, clay, glass and concrete industry 

### or the food and kindred products industry. The remaining number of establishments with closed units were distributed faiqly 

### evenly across 

### all other industries. 

# I 

# I 4.6 Small

### Quantity Generator and Waste Specific Information 

# I 4.6.1 Number of small Quantity 

### Generators Under RCRA, any generator (establishment) that generates less than 100 kilograms per month of hazardous waste is considered (by 

### EPA’s definition) a conditionally exempt small quantity generator (CESQG). Conditionally exempt small quantity generators are exempt from hazardous 

### waste 

### regulations. this study, CESQG were termed as small quantity generators (SQG). 

# I 

# I For the

4-480 0 

### eu d .... . ... ....

. .. .

. . . .

. . .. . ....

. .. . . ..-.

_... .. . .

. ... . ...-..._ 

### dw

..

. . . ..

..

1.



### a 0 QD I

4-49 1 0

### Table 4-32. 

### Unit Specific Estimates of Numbers 

### of Establishments 

# I that have Closed Units 

### by Industry in 1985 

### Estimated Number 

### of 

# D Estab- Cumulative Industry lishments Percent Percent
Stone, Clay, 

### Glass & 

### Conc. (7) 

### Pulp & 

### Paper Industry (8) 

### Food & 

### Kindred Products (lo) 

### Transportation Equipment (14) 

### Inorganic Chemicals (6) 

### Primary Iron & 

### Steel (2) 

### Rubber & 

### Misc. Products (13) 

### Textile Manufacturing (16) 

### B. Surface Inmoundrnents Food & 

### Kindred Products (10) 

### Stone, Clay, Glass & Conc. (7) 

### Inorganic Chemicals (6) 

### Primary Nonferrous Metals (9) 

### Textile Manufacturing (16) Pulp & 

### Paper Industry (8) 

### Rubber & 

### Misc. Products (13)



### Food & 

### Kindred Products (10) 

### Stone, Clay, Glass & 

### Conc.(7) 

### Petroleum Refining (12) 

### Pulp & 

### Paper Industry (8) 

### Water Treatment (11) 

### Fertilizer & Ag. 

### Chemicals (3) 454 179 140 127 115 104

93 84

406 315 173 136 112 111 111 25.8 10.2

7.9 7.2 6.5 5.9 5.3 25.8 36.0 43.9 51.1 57.6 63.5 68.8 4.8 73.6

21.3 21.3 16.5 37.8

9.1 46.9 7.1 54.% 5.9 60.7 5.8% 66.5 5.8% 72.3

229 38.1 38.1

48 7.9 56.6 38 6.3 62.9 30 5.0 67.9 28 4.6 72.5 64 10.6 48.7



### D. Waste Piles Stone, Clay, 

### Glass & 

### Conc. (7) 305 

## . 27.9 27.9 

### Food & 

### Kindred Products (10) 141 12.9 40.8 

### Primary Iron & Steel (2) 102 9.4 50.2 

### Transportation Equipment (14) 93 8.5 58.7 

### Primary Nonferrous Metals (9) 93 8.5 67.2 

# I Pulp & 

### Paper (8) 69 6.3 73.5

4-50

### The Agency needed this information on small quantity generators for the Report to Congress. In this study, questions about SQG 

### wastes were limited to those establishments that managed Subtitle 

### D waste in landbased waste management units 

### in 1985. 

### Respondents were asked 

### if the establishment generated waste in quantities less than one hundred kilograms per month. Of 

### the estimated 12,006 

### establishments, an estimated 31.2 

### percent or 3,742 

### establishments generated SQG 

### wastes 

### in 1985. 

### Table 4-33 

### displays by industry the estimated number 

### of establishments that were small quantity generators in 1985. Of 

### the 3,742 

### establishments that were SQG’s, 

### nearly 60

### percent were in the Stone, Clay, Glass & 

### Concrete and Food & 

### Kindred Products industries. The remaining small quantity generators were rather evenly distributed across industries. Exhibit 4-14 

### displays small quantity generators 

### as the . 

### percentage of establishments within an industry that use Subtitle 

### D waste management units. In nine 

### of the 17 

### industries, over 30 

### percent of the estab shments that operated land-based waste management units 

### in 85 

### were SQGs. 

### When comparing across industries, the stone, clay, glass & 

### concrete and food & 

### kindred product industriek have the largest estimated number 

### of establishments that were small quantity generators (1,266) 

### in 1985,

### yet this estimated total accounts for less than 34 

### percent 

### of their establi ments that managed wastes in land-based waste management units 

### in the same year. In contrast, the estimated 224 

### small quantity generators in the electric power generation industry comprise over 55 

### percent of the establishments that managed waste in land-based waste management units in 1985 

### and the estimated 196 

### establishments in the petroleum refining industry comprise over 40

### percent. percentages of 

### small quantity generators in selected industries where percentages are large. r



### Table 4-34 

### displays specific

4-51f;



### 9

7 c 

## E

4

1

4-52 

# I I 

# I

I 1

### Table 4-33. 

### Industry Specific Estimates 

### of Numbers of Establishments that were SQGs in 1985 

### Estimated Number of Establishments Industry that are SQGs 

### stone, Clay, Glass & 

### Concrete (7) 

### Food & 

### Kindred Products (10) 

### Electric Power Generation (4) 

### Textile Manufacturing (16) 

### Petroleum Refining (12) 

### Primary Iron and Steel (2) 

### Pulp and Paper Industry (8) 

### Primary NonferrousMetals (9) 

### Inorganic Chemicals (6)

.

### Water Treatment (11)



### Transportation Equipment (14) 

### Rubber and Miscellaneous Products (13) 

### Fertilizer and Agricultural Chemicals (3) 

### Selected Chemicals and Allied Products Plastics and Resins Manufacturing (5) 

### organic Chemicals (1) 

### Leather & 

### Leather Products (17) (15) 1,266 896 224 207 196

. 182 169 148 122 111

53 48 45 31 19 13 12

4-53Table 4-34. 

### Small Quantity Generators as a.Percentage

### of Establishments that used Waste Management Units 

### in 1985 

# I

Industry 

# I % 

### of Estimated 

### # Establishments 

### of SQG’s 

### that UseUnits 

# I I Pulp and Paper (8) 169 34.0% 

# I Electric Power (4) 224 56.6% Petroleum Refining (12) 196 42.7% Textile Manufacturing (16) 207 39.8% 

# I 4-6-2 Number of Establishments that handle SQG Wastes by Unit 

### TYPe 

# I 

# I 1 

# I If an establishment was 

### a small quantity generator 

### in 1985, the respondent was asked 

### if any of the establishment’s onsite active Subtitle 

### D units received SQG wastes. Respondents were not asked for the numbers 

### of active units that actually received the small quantity generator wastes but rather 

### if any of their on-site units received small quantity generator waste. Of the estimated 3,742 establishments that were SQGs 

### in 1985 an estimated 16.2 percent or 605 establishments managed the exempt 

### small quantity generator ‘Qastes

### in their on-site land-based management units. percent of the establishments managed small quantity generator wastes through alternative waste management methods 

### or Subtitle C hazardous waste units. 

# 1
We expect that the remaining estimated 84

Table 4-35 presents the estimated number 

### of 

# a establishments that managed SQG wastes 

### in each unit type during 1985. 

# 1

4-54

### Table 4-35. 

### Estimated Number 

### of Establishments that Managed SQG 

### Wastes 

### in LFs, SIs, LAUs and WPs 

### in 1985 

### Unit Type 

### Number 

### of Establishments Landfill Surface Impoundment Land Application Unit Waste Pile 69 309

91 135



### Exhibit 4-15 

### displays the industries that managed SQG 

### wastes in their land-based waste management units in 1985. 

### In the sample,no establishment in the leather & 

### leather products industry reported managing SQG 

### waste in any of 

### unit. Numerous other industries contained estimates of zero establishments managing SQG 

### waste in one type of a unit 

### or another. Summarizing the management of SQG 

### waste 

### in land-based waste management units:1
0 An 

### estimated 69 

### establishments managed SQG 

### onsite in landfills during 1985. 

### Of the 69 

### establishments, an estimated 26 

### establishmentswere 

### in the stone, clay, glass & 

### concrete (7) 

### industry. The remaining industries have an estimated 14 

### establishments 

### or less that managed SQG 

### waste 

### in landfills during 1985, 

### with 9 

### industries that have an estimated zero establishments. 0 ' 

### More establishments reported managing SQG 

### waste in surface impoundments than in any other unit type. Nationally, we estimate that 309 

### establishmentsmanaged SQG 

### waste in surface impoundments. 

### An estimated 84 

### establishments that managed SQG 

### wastes in surface 'Refer to Appendix C 

### for the industry-specific estimates and the

corresponding number of 

### respondents in the sample that answered the question.
4-55

## I I

I I I 1 I I I I 0 I I 0 0 I OO O* Ow Q 0 0 0 0 0 (Y 

### "ZfZ -;Is3 

## #

4-56 

# I 

# I 

# 1 

# I 1 U 

# I I I I 

# I 1 

# I I 

# I 1 

# I I II



# ! impoundments during 1985 were in the food and kindred products (10) industry. Estimates for five other industries ranged between 15 and 50 establishments and 7 industrieswere estimated to have less than 10 establishments that managed SQG wastes. 0 An estimated 91 establishmentsmanaged SQG waste 

### in land application units. establishments were found 

### in 3 industries (primary iron and steel; stone, clay, glass, and concrete; and food and kindred products), each of which have an estimated 20 

### or more establishments that managed SQG waste 

### in land application units during 1985. In the sample, establishments 

### in 11 industries do not report managing SQG waste 

### in land application units. The majority 

### of these

0 An estimated 135 establishmentsmanaged SQG waste in waste piles during 1985. 

### In the Stone, Clay, Glass & Concrete (7)industry, an estimated 62 establishments managed SQG waste 

### in waste piles. 

### An estimated 10 or more establishments used waste piles 

### in four industries while the remaining 12 industrieshad an estimated 10 establishments 

### or less managing SQG waste 

### in waste piles.
4.6,3 Number of Establishments that Handle Halogenated Solvents, Non-Halogenated Solvents and Metals 

### in Subtitle I) Units One of the final questions 

### in the study requested information about halogenated and non-halogenated solvents and metals that were not regulated 

### as hazardous, due to 

### low concentrations less than 

### EP toxicity levels. asked only of the estimated 12,006 establishments that managed waste 

### in land-based Subtitle 

### D units 

### in 1985. The questions were

In 1985, 

### an estimated 4.4 percent or 533 establishments managed 

### low concentrations of halogenated solvents waste management units, 5.9 percent or 710 establishments managed non-halogenated solvents, and 18.6 percent or 2,233 establishmentsmanaged metals 

### in concentrations less than 

### EP toxicity levels 

### in land-based waste management units. 

### in land-based

4-57

_.

# I Exhibit 4-16 displays, by industry, the number 

### of solvents, non-halogenated solvents and metals as 

### a percentage 

### of establishments that use waste management units. Except for the food and kindred products industry 

### (lo), establishments were more likely tomanage wastes containing 

### low concentrations of metals (less than EP toxicity levels) 

### in waste management units than either halogenated or nonhalogenated solvents. establishments that managed low concentrations 

### of halogenated 

# I 

# 1' 1 

# I I The disposal 

### of these waste types in land-based waste management units can be s,ummarized

### as follows:

0 No more than an estimated 12 percent of the establishments using waste management units managed halogenated solvents in the land-based waste management units 

### in 1985. The estimated number of establishments that managed non-halogenated solvents in waste management units in 1985 ranged from less than 1 percent in the water treatment (11) industry to 26 percent 

### of the establishments in the plastics and resins (10) industry. For most industries, the estimated percentage 

### of establishments that managed 

### low concentrations of metals 

### in land-based units in 1985 was higher than the estimated number 

### of establishments that managed halogenated and non-halogenated solvents. Industries with a high percentage of establishments managing low concentrations 

### of metals were found in the leather & leather products 

### (17),primary iron and steel (2) and the primary nonferrous metals (9) industries with estimates 

### of 73 percent, 61 percent and 51 percent, respectively.

4-58 

# I I I 1 

# I I 

# I I 

# I I I1 Tr ........... 

# --!!!!Iz

...........

......... ........ 

# I*



# 8"

4-59I



# I
APPENDIX 

### A
INDUSTRIAL SUBTITU 

### D SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE

## U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL

### PROTECTIONAGENCY

Industrial

### SubtitleDFacility

### StudyQuestionnaire



### August

### 5,1986UNITED STATES ENVIROUMENTAL PROTECTIOl AGENCY
SUBTITLE D INDUSTRIAL NQI-HAZARDWS UASTE SURVEY
TELEPHOUE SCREENING OUESTIOIINAIRE

A. RtSDadtn t IdentifyingLakl ESTABLISHMENT NARE AND ADDRESS NAME AND PHDUE NLUBER OF PER- FOR INITIAL tOWTACT TELEPHONE CALL SICCCOE<S) NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
NOTE TO REVIEWER: INSTRUCTIONS TO THE INTERVIEVERAPPEAR INSXDE SOUARE BRACKETS ([I) AND IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. REVIEWER HAVE BEEN ADDED FOR REVIEW ONLY TO AID INUWOERSTANDING THE fLWOF THE QUESTIONMAIRE IN THE CWPUTER-ASSISTEDTELEPHWE INTERVIEYING (UTI) SYSTEM. THESE NOTES YILLAPPEAR IN THE OUESTIONNAIRE INSIDE TRIANGULAR BRACKETS (<>I. SUCH TEXTWILL NOT BE SEEN BY THE RESPONDENT OR REA0 TO HIWHER. ADDITIONAL NOTES TO THE

18.

B1.

B2. ldentifYResoondent lntiettO,my name is [INTERVIEUER NAME], and 1 am calling forEPA in Uashington, D.C.

wave 1 reached CESTABLISHUENT NUIEI at WORESSI? Yes [CONT.INUEWITH E21

## .................................................... 1 NO [to TO B3J

## ............................................................ 2
May I please speak to the facility manager or mvironncntrl affairsmanager? [IF THERE IS APPARENTLY NOWESPECIFICALLY IN CHARGE OF ENVIROWMENTAL AFFAIRS OR MANAGING INDUSTRIAL PROCESS UASTES, ASK FOR THE HIGHEST RANKING OFFICIAL AVAILABLE ON SITE; THE PLANT MANAGER, PRESIDENT, OUNER, ETC.3 Uhar is his/her

Titlc/Position

CASK IF YCUR CALL CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO THE PER- LISTED IN &STION 82. IF THE CALL CANNOT BE TRANSFERRED OR THE PERSOW INWESTION 62 ISUNAVAILABLE,TERMINATETHE PHWE CALL. CALL THE 'PERSON LISTED IN WEST10182 AND GET A COrPLETE QUESTIONNAlRE

## - PARTS C THRWGHG

## - IFTHIS 15 THE PERSON IN CHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS. OTHERUISE, GO BACK TO THE BEGINNING OF SECTIW 8.1
83. May 1 please have the phonenurkrof your establishment at WORESSJ? Phone Nrmkr (-) [CALL THISNEW NUIBER AN0 GO BACK TO THE BEGINNlNt OF SECTION 8.1

2t. ,IntroduCtimTo Resdmt <UOTE TO REvIEVER: THIS SECTIOY BEGINS THE ACTUAL INTERVIEWUITH THE RESWWDENT.> "Hello, y is [NAMEI. I arm callingfor EPA inUashingtm, D.C. Ywr nam uas given tom as an appropriate person toask sawquestions concerning the snrnagammt of industrialprocess uastes generated at your establishmnt. Under theResource Comervation adReconyAct, RCRA, EPA isdoing a stud, of houSubtitle D uastes are mmmged. received a letterfraaEPA saying that you wuldbe called regarding the msfmgemmt of SubtitleD uastes at your establishment. SkbtitlcD wastes arcwstn that are regulated8s hazardous. Youshould have

[IF THE RESPWDEWT HAS ANY GENERAL CUESTIDISABQIT THE SURVEY'S FURPOSE. OBJECTIVE, OR USE OF THE DATA, HE/SHE CAN ULLWESTAT'S OUES71ONNAIRE ASSISTAYCE CENTER AT THE TOLL-FREEYlH8ER (800)638- 8??8;

c1. IF THE RES-ENT HAS ANY WESTIONS ABWTSUBllTLE D AND MW ITAFFECTS THEIR FACILITY, HE/SHE CAN CALL THE RCRA HOTLINE AT (2021 800-424-9316 

### a 202-382-3000; IFTHE RESPONDENTuisws TOVERIFY THAT THE INTERVINR ISLEGITIMATELYUWDERTAKIMGTHIS.SURVEYFOR 

## - €PA, THE RESWI)DENT CAN CALL JIM CRAIG, PROJECT WCERAT EPA'S OFFICE OF SOLID MSTE (202-382- Zfpl). HE CANNOT ACCEPT COLLECTPWE&LS. REfER AS FEU CALLS AS POSSIBLE TO HIM.]

[IF THE RESPONDENT SAYS THAT HE/SHE CANNOT RES- TO WESTJOYS ABQIT HWINDUSTRIAL PRWESSRESlDUILS AND WSTESARE HANDLED, AND HIS/HER ATTITWE IS FIRM, THEW ASK OUESTIol C2 AND TERMINATE THE PHONE CALL. OTHERYISE SKIP TOWESTION C3.J <NOTE TO REVIEWER: ALL SKIPSARE PROGRAMMED IN UTIAND OtWR AUTOCUTICALLY WHEW THE RESPONSE IS ENTERED.>

3c2. Is there anyone else at your establishment whom I could talk to about hou industrial uastes are handled there? What is his/hcr \ Title/Position

[TERMINATETHE PHONE CALL. OUESTIOIINAIRE

## - SECTIONS C THRQlGH G.1 CALL THE PERSON LISTED IN QUESTION C2AND GET A COMPLETE
<NOTE TO REVIEUER: OUESTION IS A UNIVERSAL SCREENER OUESTlON TO WICKLY DETERMINE IF THE ESTABLISHMENT i HAS THE SUBTITLE D DISPOSAL UNITS OF INTEREST.> 

### a. Does your establishment currently use iandfitls, Land applicationunits, uaste piles, surface inpomdnmts, ponds, pits, [PROVIDE DEFINITIOWS IF THE RESPONDENT ISUNSURE OF THE TERMS OR IF HE/SHE REQUESTS A CUR1 FICATION.1 LagooM to manage Only SubtitleD vastcs on-site?

Its [CONTl.WE WITH.SECTIOI Dl.............. 

## ............................... 1 No [SKIP TO SECTIONDS, PAGE 131.... 

## ...................................... 2 Refused [CMITINUEWITH SECTION 03.

## ........................................ 7 Don't K- [CONTIWE WITH SECTlOIlDl..

## .................................... 8

41 am now going to ask ywsa questions abwt your waste nmnagsnrnt mits. Subtitle D units, the ory~ wits regulated as hazardous vder RCRA. Dl. LANDFILLS 1 am only interestedinyour resulatcd as hazardous. Please k sure your ansuers do not include any waste

I would liketobegin withlandfills. [IF THE RESPONDENT IS UNNRE UHAT A LANDFILL IS, REFER TO ATTACHCIENT 1AND READ THE DEFINITIOW OF A LANDFILL-1 Dla. Do ywhave any SubtitleD lsndfills at your establishment? [IF THE RESPONDENT IS UNSURE OF YWT U€ WEAN.BY "ACTIVE", TELL HIWHERYE MEAN UNITS HE/SHE IS CURRENTLY USING Oa TEMF'ORARILY NOT USING, UITH PLANS TO USE AGAIN INTHE FUTURE.] Ye YO CCONTINUEWITH OUESTIOW Dlb-1

## ......................................... 1 [SKIP TO SECTIQ1D21.

## ................................................. 2 Refused [SKIP TO SECTION D21

## .............................................. 7 Don't KaU...........................--.......--.-...-....................-~ [REFER TO ATTACnWENT 1 AND READ THE DEFINITION OF LAWFILL. SKIP TO SECTION D2.1 IFRESPDNDENT STILL DOES NOT KNW,

Dlb.

Dtc. Hou msny do you have? Active SubtitleD landfills
What is the .Fproriaste total areacovcrdbythese Lendfill wits? Acr cs...................................~..............l CGUYTITYI Hcctarcs. ..........2 SqlPreyarQ.

## .......................................... 3 Other, SPECIFY 

## ....................... 91 Refuscd........................................................7 Don't Krou. ...................,.................................-8 [REASSURE HIM/HER THAT ONLY A RWGH ESTIMATE IS HEEDED.]

5Dld.

Ole.

Dlf. In 1985, what was the amfaximate total quantityof uasteplaced inthese landfills? Tons...... 

## ............................................. 1 [CUNTITI1 Cubic Yards.........'...................................2 Geltons................................ 

## ................3 ,Refuscd..........................................,............-7 Other, SPECIFY 

## ....................... 91 Don't r;noU...............-.--...--.----.---.-..-.~.......-....~ 0 [REASSURE MIWHER THAT ONLY A ROUGH ESTIHATE IS NEEDED.1
Uhat isthe total desiqncaoacity of these landfitls? material. Ptease exclude any cover or fill [IF THE RESPOHDENT DOESN'T KNOU THE DEFINITION OF TOTAL DESIGN CAPACITY, TELL HIH/HER THAT ITIS THE WIRM AKUW OF WSTE THAT THESE LANDFILLS ARE DESIGNED TO ACCEPT.] T~...................................................l COUANTlTY] CdicIards... 

## ......................................... 2 G~tLaa........................... 

## ..................... 3 Refuscd................ 

## ........................................ 7 Don't K~OU.,................~ [REASSURE MIU/HER THAT ONLY A RWGH ESTIMATE IS NEEDED.] Other, SPEC1FY 

## ....................... 91

[IF Dld > Ole, PROBE TO RESOLVE THE INCONSISTENCY.1 ApproximtctyhwmKh more uaste canbe placed inthese LardfiLLs? Tonr.............................. 

## ..................... 1 Cubic YsrQ............................. 

## ............... 2 Other, SPECIFY 

## ....................... 91 Don't Kno~. 

# .................................................... 8 [UT ITYl G.LLonr. 

## ............................................... 3 Rcfrar?d.... 

## .................................................... 7 [REASSURE WIWHER THAT ONLY A ROUGH ESTIMATE IS NEEDED.] [IF THE SUI OF Dld AND Dlf EXCEEDSDle, PROBE TO RESOLVE THE 1NCOIISISTENCY.I

I 6Dlg

## . Do any of these

Dlh

# . IandfiILs receive uastes fran off-site? Yes No ISKIP TOSECTIOU 023

## ................................................. 2 Refuscd

## ................................................................. 7 [CONTIWEWITH WESTIOU Dlhl

## ........................................ 1
Don't Km [SICIP TO SECTIOU 021

## ......................................... 8
Are any of the off-siteuistes frmhouseholdsor residences? Its

## ..................................................................... 1 no

## ...................................................................... 2 Refuscd

## ................................................................. 7 Don't Knou

## .............................................................. 8

7DZ. SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS 1. would liketoask you a feu questions about surface inpuxhmts. ponds and lagoonsused tocollect rvroff. InYour answrs, please include pits, 

# i [IF THE RESPONDENT IS UNSURE WHAT A SURFACE IkWUNDHENT IS, REFER TOATTACHMENT 1 AND READ THE DEFlWITION OF A SURFACE 1HPWNDHEHT.J 

# a I 

# I Dta. Do ywhave any active SubtitleD surface inpovwmmtsat your establishment? [IF THE RESPONDENT IS UNSURE OF UWAT YE MEAN BY "ACTIVE'*, TELL HIWHERUE MEAN UNITS HE/SHE IS CURRENTLY USING OR TEMPORARILY NOT USING, UITHPLANS TOUSE AGAIN IHTHE FUTURE.] Yes [u3wTINUE WITH OUESTIOH DZb.1

## ....................................... 1 Refused [SKIP TO SECTIOH 031 7 NO (SKIP TO SECTION D31

## ................................................. 2



## ............................................ Dm't K~OU.................---.-.-.---..-.........-....................-~ [REFER TO ATTACHRENT 1 AND READ THE DEFINITION OF SURFACE IWfMIDMNT. IF RESPOWDEHT STILL DOES NOT KNOU, SKIP TO SECTIDW D3.J
DZb.

DZc. Houmnydo you have? ActiveSubtitleD surface inpouuhmts
Howmsny of these surface iapaurhmtsareusedM(Y to back- the other surface irrpovrchmts &ring rainevents, or to containvusua1velum surges inprocess uasteuater. Surface inpowdmmtsused only for bnckup during raincvmtsor tocontain crusual surges in process nsteuater [IF D2c DZb, PROBE TO RESOLVE THE INCOWSISTENCY.1



### aD2d.

D2e.

O2f.


# I mat isthe approximate total surface area of these surface inpocsrhmts, including the backup mits? Acrcs............................................ 

## ......1 CWANTITYI Hcctarcs............................................ 

## ... 2 Square fcet

# ............................................. 3 -re yards..

# ........................................ .4 Other, SPEC1FY 

## ......................... 91 Don't
........................................................... 

### a Refuscd...........,.........................................,.*7 [REASSURE HiCI/HER THAT ONLY A ROUGH ESTIMATE ISNEEDED.]
In 1985, uhat uas the approximatetotal awnt of uastes flowing through these surface iqmmdaents? Gallons per day..... 

# ............................... 1 CQUAWTITYI Gallons per year

# ................................... 2 Acre-feet pryear

# ................................. 3 Tomper day..

# ...................................... 4 Tons per year......,.............S Wicwrcb per dsy................................ 6 Cubicyardsper year

# ............................... .7 Other, SPECIFY. 

# ......................... 91 Refused..

## ...................................................... 7 Dm't know.

## .................................................... 8 ..

CRUSSUREHICI/HER THAT ONLY A ROUGH ESTIMATE IS-NEEDED.I
Uhat is the approximte torsl camcity of these surface impovremmts? [IF THE RESPONDENT DOESN'T KNOUTHE DEFINITIOl OF TOTAL CAPACITY, TELL HIWHER IT IS THE CuxIClunVOLlME OFYASTE THE SURFACE INPWNDWENTSARE DESIGNED TO HOLD.] Tons...-......--.--..-.-..-.-.---.........---~~..-.....l CWNTITYJ Cubic Yards.............,.. 2 Gallons.

# ............................................... 3 Acre-fnt.. 

## ............................................. 4 Other, SPECIFY 

## ........................ 91 Rtfuscd.

## ....................................................... 7 Don't Icnar...........,........................................: 8 CREASSUREHIWHER THAT ONLY A ROUGH ESTIMATE IS NEEDED.]



# .

903. LAND APPLICATION UNITS I non have somequestions about 1and.applicationunits. 

# I 

# E

I [IF THE RESPONDENT ISUNSURE WIT A LAND APPLICATION UNIT IS, REFER TOATTACHMENT 1 AND READ THE DEFINITION OF A LAND APPLICATIONUNIT.1 Do you haveam active Subtitle land wlicationunitsat your establishment? 

# 5 D3a. +* [IF THE RESPONDENT IS UNSURE OF UWAT UE MEAN BY "ACTIVE", TELL HIM/HER UE MEAN UNITS HE/SHE 1s CURRENTLY USINGOR TEPIPORARILY NOT USING, YITH PLANS TOUSE AGAIN IN THE FUTURE.] 'i



### .......

# 4
.

# 8. .I Yes [CONTINUE UITHPUESTION D3b.l 

## ............................,.... No [SEIP TO SECTION 041................................... 2 Refused [SKIP TO SECTION D41....:.......................... 

### ...... 7 Don't Knou..

# .......i..

## .......................................... -8 [REFER TOATTACHMENT 1 AND READ THE DEFINITIOW OF LAND APPLICATION UNIT. IF.RESPdWDENT STILL DOES NOT KNW, STXPTO SECTI~~ 04.1
D3b. Hournanycky~t~ have?
.

D3c.

D3d. Active Subtitle D Land applicationrnits
Uhat isthe approximte total area of these units? 

# I

Acres............................. 

## ..................... 1 [OUANTITYl HcEtares........................................ 

## ....... 2 -re 

## ............................................. 3



## ....................... 91 Other, SPECIFY Ref~ed.......................... 

# .............................. 7 Dm't IDlou....................................................- 8 [REASSUREHIM/HER.THAT ONLY A RWGHESTIMATE IS NEEDED.]
In1M5, hatwas the acoroximtc total wantity of waste meMgcd inthese land application mit(s)?. 

# I .I 1 G.11 ~..................................-............-l CIlbic Yar~. ............................................3 Acre-Fnt...........................-.....-.....-......C Refused.......................................................-7 Don't K~O..........................-~ [REASSURE HIM/HER THAT CULY A RWGHESTIMATE IS NEEDED.] [WANTITYl Tons.........................-............-.............Z Other, SPECIFY 

## ....................... 91

1001. UASTE PILES Finally, I would liketo ask you a feuquestions abwtmaste piles. [IF THE RESPONDENT IS UNSURE UHAT A WASTE PILE IS, REFER TOATTACHRENT 1 AND READ THE DEFINITIOW OF A UASTE PILE.] 04a. 00 YOU have a& active Subtitle 0 uaste pilesat your establishmnt? [IF THE RESPONDENT ISUNSURE OF WHAT UE MANBY “ACTIVE”, TELL HIU/HER YE MEAN UNITSHE/SHE IS CURRENTLY USING OR TEMWRARILY NOT USING, WITH PLANS TOUSE AGAIN KN THE FUTURE.] 

# I

04b. 

# I I 

# I I I 04c. Hau’msy.do youhave? Yes tCOWTIItuEWITH WESTIW Dlb-l................. 

## .......1 Refused [SKIP TO SECTION D51............................-7 NO [SKIP TO SECTIOY 051.1

## ................................ 2 Don’t Knw......................................... 

## ...... 8 [REFER TO ATTACHRENT 1 AND READ THE DEFINITION OF WASTE PILE. IF RESPONDENT STILL DOESNOT WNW, SKIP TO SECTION 05.1

Active SubtitleD naste piles
Uhat istheapproximate total area of the grovrd currentiy covered by theseuastc pile(s)? CIF THE RESWWDENT SAYS THAT If VARIES, TELL HIM/HER THAT MWANT TO KNOW THE AREA COVERED TWAY.I Acrw

# .................................................. 1 [PUMITITYI- -re Fcct.

## ........................................... 2 Scwre YrrQ.

# ........................................... 3 Other, SPEClFY 

# ....................... 91 Ref~~..................................‘.,.............~.....,~7 [REASSURE HIR/HER THAT ONLY A RWGHESTIMATE IS NEEDED.] Don’t KOU....-.......-.-..--...--................-..-..--.-..~8

11DCd.

D4e. In1985, what was the awroximatc total auantityof uaste placed inthese uaste piles? 

# t Tons...................................... 

## .............1 [OUANTITYI Cubic Ftet

# ....I.Z Cubic Yar&............................................3 Other, SPECIFY 

## ....................... 91 Refused.......................................................-7 Don't wnW......................................~.....'........- 8

[DON'T READ RESPONSES; LET RESPONDENT ANNRAND CUTCH RESPONDENT'S ANSUERCS) $0 THOSE LISTED EELOU. 

# i CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY.] [REASSURE HWHER THAT ONLY A ROUGH ESTIMATE IS NEEDED.]
How isthewaste managed after tarporary storage inthese waste pites?

DCf

## . Sent off-site

# ................................................................... 1 Recycledon-site...............................................................2 Incineratedon-+ite............................................................3 Transferredtoa landfillon-site..............................................C Transferredtoa landelicationrnit on-site

# ........................... ;

## ...... 5 Transferredtoa surface inporncbmton-site...................................6 Kept inpermanent storage ina uaste pile

# ...................................... 7 Other Describe 

## ................................. 91 Don't knar.... 

## ................................................................. 8 

# I

Refured. ...............;.......................................................-7

Do any of these waste piles receivewastes franoff-site?



# ....................................... 

# I
....................................... Yes tCONTINUE UlTH WESTION DO91 1 No [SKIP TO SECT.IOW D6, PAGE 161 2 Refusd [SKIP TO SECTION 06, PAGE 161...... 

# ............................ 7 Don't wnW t%IP TO SECTION D6, PAGE 161

## .............................. -8

. Are any of these off-sitewastes franhousehot& or residences? .Yes..............................-.-.- 

# -1

[SKIP TO SECTION 06, PAGE 161

12DS. OTHER WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES <NOTE TO REVIEVER: THIS QUESTION IS ASKED ONLY IF THE RESPONDENT REWRTSHAVING NO ON-SITEFACILITIES IN THE PRIORWESTIDYS. ITSPURPOSE IS TOMINIMIZE THE CHANCES OF FAILING TO IDENTIFYAN ELIGIBLE ESTABLISHMENT. THIS IS ACCCWPLISHED BY LETTING THE RESPOWDEYT DESCRIBE WHAT IS DONE AT HIS/HER ESTABLXSH~ENT 

### .> [IF THE RESPOWSE 10OUESTIOW C3 IS *No* OR 

# - THERESPONSES TO WESTIONS Dla, D2a, D3a, AND 068 ARE "NO", "REFUSED", UR "DON'T UIW, THEN ASK THE FOLLOVING WESTIONS, OTHERUISE SKIP.10 SECTION D6, PAGE 16.1



# I 

# 1 13What do youdo with the industrial process Subtitle D waste generated at your establishment? / 

# 3 CDON'T READ THE CHOICES TO THE RESPONDENT; LET THE RESPONDENT ANSUER AND UATCH THE RESPONDENT'S ANSUERS TO THE CHOICES LISTED BELOW. BEFORE WINGBACK TO RE-ASKQUESTIONS. INSTRUCTIONS,PROCEED AS FOLLWS. THE EARLIEST SECTION INDICATED 01, 02, 03, OR 04)AND PROCEED THRWGH IT AND ALL NBSEWENT SECTIONSACCORDINGTO THE INSTRUCTIONSTHERE.] CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY. GET &ANSWERS IFANY OF THE RESPONSES CIRCLED HAVE "GO BACK TO" ASK QUESTION D5b IFCaDE 11 IS CIRCLED. THEN GO BACK TO DSa.

<NOTE TOREVIEUER: THE SKIPSUILL TAKE PLACEAUTOMATICALLY IN THE CAT1 SYSTEM.> Recycle or incinerateon-site

# .......................................... 01 On-site landfill [GO BACK TO SECTION Dll........................ 

## .......02

# E

.

# ,I 

# E On-sitesurface inpomdnmt tW BACK TO

SECTION DZI... 

# ........................................................ 03 tin-site land applicationrnit CM) BACK TO

SECTION 031

# ......................................................... .Q4 'On-sitewaste pile [GO BACK TO SECTION DCI

# ............................. 05 Treat in tank (only), thendischarge to POTU surface

uaters (e.g., Lakes, strerm, rivers) derWPDES............... 

## ..... 06 [PROBE TO MKE SURE TANK IS NOT SURFACE IMPOUNDMENT. REFER TO ATTACHMENT 1 WHICH DEFINES SURFACE IWPOUNDMENTAND DIFFERENTIATES IT FROlA TANK. IF THE RESPONDENT ACTUALLY TREATS UASTES IN A SURFACE IWWUWPHENT, GO BACK TO SECTION02.1 

# E d

.... Store in pnd, thendischarge to POTU surface

uater urbcr NPDES [W BACK TO SECTION DZI........................ 07 send off-site.. 

## ........................................................ Oa No non-hazardarsuaste, all uaste is hazardous

## ......................... 09



## ............................................. 

# I Other mmugarnt practice 91 Describe

-~ ~ Refused [SKIP TO QUESTION DScl ............................-............-7



## ...................................... Don't lLnov [SKIP TOOUESTION DScl. 8

# I 14

# I



# 1 D5b. At any tim inthe past, didyou operate any of the following SubtitleD units that have since permanentlyclosed? [CODE "NO" IFTHE RESPONDENT NEVER HAD THE FACILITY. IF THE RESPONDENT GIMSANY "YES" ANSWERS, PROBE TO BE WREHE/SHE IS NOT REFERRING TO TEMPORARILY CLOSED UNITS.] Dan1 t % Refused Surface i~ts 

# ..................................... 1 2 -7 -8 Larid applicationmits................................... 1 2 -7 -8 Uastc piLC+.

# ............................................. 1 2 -7 -8 LMdfills..;............................................. 1 2 -7 -8 [SKIP TO SECTION G, PAGE 191'
0%. ~1s there anyoneelse at your establishmnt who knows how i-trial process waste is managedatyour establishnmt? What ishis/her

[SKIP TO SECTION G, PAGE 193 NW Tit le/Position Telephone

15Dba

## . CLOSURE OF FACILITIES

At any time in thepast, did you operateany of the following SubtitleD units that have sincepermsmntly closed? [CODE "NO" IF THE RESPONDENTNEVER HAD THE FACILITY. IF THE RESPONDENT GIVES ANY "YES" ANSUERS, PROBE TO BE SURE HE/SHE IS NOT REFERRING TO TEWGRARILY CLOSED UNITS.]Don't Yes No Refused Knou 

# ---- Surface irrpovdnnts.

# .................................... 1 2 -7 -8 Land applicationunits................................... 1 2 -7 -8 Waste piles

## .............................................. 1 2 -7 -8 Landfills.................................... 

# ............ 1 2 -7 -8

16

# 1



# I 

# I 

# 1 I I 

# I E. GENERAL Under RCRA, any generator that generates less than 100 kilograms per month ofhazardouswaste is excluded frahararwwaste regulations. <NOTE TO REVIEVER: CUESTIOISEl AND E2A!% ABWT SMLL PUAYTITY GENERATOR UASTES.>
El.

EZ. Doesyour establishmentgeneratehazardaswaste in quantities less than 100 kilogramsper month? Yes lCOWTIHUE WITH QUESTIONEU.......................................l NO [SKIP.TO WlESTIgl E31

# ................................ 

# .............. Z Refused [SKIPTOQUESTIONS E31.......................................-7 Don't kno~ ISKIP.TO OUESTION U1...............................-.....-8
uhich of thewastemanagant facilities we havediscussed receive any hazardous wastes fraayour establishment? [READ THE FOLLWING RESWWSES AND ENMJOE THE AWSVERS.1 Don1 t & Refused KnoU Doany of the 1-fills? 

# ..................... 1 2 . -7 -8 Do any of the surface inpomdnmts?.

# .........1 2 -7 -8 Doany of the lend applicationvlits?

# ........1 2 -7 -8 Doany of thewestepiles?

# ................... 1 2 -7 -8 €3. I am going to list three general waste type categories- Each of these uastes can bectassificdas hazardous, but under certainconditions, such as lwconcentrations, these wastes canbe placed in Subtitle D units. we.havediscussed. Pleasetell m ifyoudispose any of these wastes in any of the Subtitle D units

Yes no Refused Don't Know Halogenated Solvcnts..................................l 2 -7 -8 Non-HslogemtedSolvcnts.............................l Z -7 -8 net.is -7 -8 1 z 

# ...............................................

17EL. [ASK ONLY IF V4ETALS11= 1 IN OUESTION E3.1 which of the follouing nine mtalSare inthe wastes that go inKOyour SubtitleD units? & Refused Don't Knou Arscnic...................l Bariun..... 

# ................................ 1 CaCmiun....................................l Chromiun..... 

# .............................. 1 Lead.................'...l Uercury....................................l Seleniun.................,,..........:.......l

.. Silver.....................................l Thalliun.:.... 1 ". -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -a -a -a -a -a -a -a -a -8

\

18

# I F. Confirm Mait QutstiomsireRuioimt Ye may mila more detailedqucrtiorrmire toyour establishmnt that rcquests additional information about the Subtitle0 waste mmganmt mitsatyour estnblishmnt. This cpmtiomairewillprovide€PA with inportant infonation for itsCongressiorully-mtedevaluationof the effectivenessof itsguidelines for the managanmt of m-hazardouswstevdcr SrrbtitleD of the ResourceConservationntd RecoveryAct. informationyou would provide istherefore very iaportant. The

F1. Are you theappropriate person to receiveadccrnplcte thisqucstimire?
Yes No Refused [SKIPTOOUESTICN F3.3...,..................-? Don’t KW[COWTIWE UITHWESTIOW F2.1.................................-8 [COWTINW WITH PCIESTICNFZ.l................. 

## ......1 [SKIP TO PUESTIWF3.1. 

## .............................................. 2

FZ. Way I plensc verifyyournmne, address wd @arc wr? e-: UT1WILL AUTOMATICALLY DISPLAY Ow THE WOIlITOR THE WAIIE, ADDRESS, AND PHONE AS ANSUERED * INPtlESTION El.> [READ THE RESPONSE TO WESTION El, FOR VERIFICATIOII.OR CORRECTION. CORRECTIONS. SKIP TO PART G..] WKE ANY NECESSARY

F3. Uho isthe appropriateperson? Way I have his/hcr

Address

G.

19 Closiq
Thank ywvery nuch foryour time and coogration.

# t



# I I t I' I D 

# I 

# I I I- [

I 

## ET

## 301986 Dear FacilityManager: The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), enacted by Congress in 1976, provides for a national program 

### to protect human health and the environment by requiring proper management of the industrial, commercial, residential, and other wastes produced in the United States. Under RCRA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed many regulations and standards for the management of thesewastes. Two 

### of the major categories of wastes regulated under RCRA arehazardous wastes and solid

### or "Subtitle D" wastes. Simply put, Subtitle D wastes are those wastes that are 

### not regulated as hazardous under RCRA. 

### EPA promulgated criteria for classifying facilities and practices for disposal of Subtitle D wastes in 1979 (40 CFR Part 257). Since that time, EPA has concentrated on the development of extensive regulations
. for hazardous wastes. Your facility may have already notified the Agency that it handles hazardous wastes. Recently, however, Congress amended RCRA (under the Hazardous and SolidWaste Amendments of 1984) to requir@ EPA to study these current criteria for managing Subtitle D wastes. Your facilityhas been selected atrandom from a list of facilitiesthat may handle Subtitle D wastes tobe part of a telephone survey EPA is conducting to gather information touse inthis study. Within a few weeks, we willcall you to ask a series of questions about any SubtitleD landfills, surface impoundments, wastes piles, and land application units that you may have on site. Wehave enclosed a short list of questions that we plan to ask you. Please read the questions and the definitions of terms included with them. PLEASE DO NOT MAIL inyour responses to the questions. If you do not handle any Subtitle D wastes atyour establishment, you willonly need to indicate thiswhen the interviewer calls. EPA has contracted with Westat, Inc. 

### of Rockville, Maryland to administer this survey for us. A telephone interviewer from Westat willactually make the telephone call. The interviewers have been specially trained to answer any questions you may have and help you respond to the questions.

,, B-2Your cooperation in responding to our telephone interviewer will greatly assist us. report on the study results by November 1987. revise the existing criteria by March 31, 1988, for facilities that may receive certain types of wastes (householdhazardous waste 

### or small quantity generator hazardous waste). mation you provide will be used in the Report to Congress and will be used 

### as we consider revisions to the Federal requirements. Congress has required us to submit a EPA must also The inforWe are requesting your response to our telephone call under the mandatory provisions of Section 3007(a) 

### of RCRA. We have enclosed some important information about Confidential Business Information with this letter. Please read this carefully tohelp you prepare for our call. The data you provide 

### to us will be used in aggregated fork and will not be identified by source in our Report to Congress or other publications. EPA greatly appreciates your assistance with this study and looks forward to your response. If you have any questions about the survey?please call the Questionnaire Assistance Center toll-free (800-638-8985) and ask for the EPA Subtitle D Specialist. If you have any questions on regulatory issues or Subt$tle D, call the RCRA-Superfund Hotline (800-424-9346 or 202-382-3000). If these>numbersare busy, you may contact Jim Craig 

### of my staff at 202-382-2791. Again, we appreciate your assistance and cooperation.

Enclosures

B-3

# I



# t
E: h



# I 1" 

# I' APPENDIX B


### COPY OF 

### LETTER AND 

### LIST OF 

### QUESTIONS SENT TO RESPONDENTS PRIOR TO THE INTERVIEW

B-1ADDENDUM: Confidential Business Information This addendum addresses information requested in the accompanying letter which you may regard as Confidential Business Information (CBI). You may not withhold information from theAdministrator or his authorized representatives because it is Confidential Business Information (CBI). However, if you designate information as CBI, EPA may disclose that information only to the extent permitted by and in accordancewith its regulations concerning confidentiality of business informationat Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 2, Subpart B. 

# - You may, if you desire, assert a claim of CBI covering all or part of the informationbfurnished to EPA. You should make any claims by specifically indicating to the telephone interviewer that the information 

### is claimed CBI. You also have the option of providing the information to us inwriting. If you do not claim confidentiality when you furnish the information to EPA, we may make the information available to the public without further notice to ydu. Section 3007(b) of RCRA and implement-ingregulations (40CFR $2.305(h).) authorize EPA to disclose-information obtained under Section 3007 to EPA contractors and subcontractors performing work in connection with RCRA notwithstanding the fact that the information might otherwise be entitled to confidential treatment. Westat, Inc. of Rockville, Maryland, will conduct the telephone interviews and tabulate the data for EPA (ContractNumber 68-01-7290, subcontractor to ICF, Inc.). As such, you will be providing the information directly to the subcontractor, Westat. EPA will also transfer the data submitted in this survey to the contractors and subcontractors listed on the following page. Contractors and subcontractors will be given access to the data you submit no sooner than 10 days after you receive this letter. During that time, you may submit any comments on the transfer of such data to the above referenced contractors to Jim Craig at U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW (WH-5651, Washington, D.C. 20460. This addendum constitutes notice of EPA’s intent to disclose information obtained pursuant to this survey, including information claimed as CBI, to the above referenced contractors and subcontractors. EPA has determined that such disclosure is necessary for these contractors and subcontractors to carry out work required by the contract or subcontract. EPA will notify these contractors and subcontractors that the information transferred to them may be entitled to confidential treatment, that they are also bound by the provisions of 40 CFR Part 2, and that any knowing and willful disclosure of suchnformationmay subject them and their employees to the penalties in Section 3007(b)(2) of RCRA.1 -2- List 

### of Contractors and Subcontractors to whom EPA will transfer Subtitle D Industrial Facilities Survey Results: 1. ICF, Incorporated 

### of Washington, DC 

### (EPAContract Number 68-01-7290) and its subcontractors Westat, Inc. 

### of Rockville, MI); DPRA 

### of Manhattan, 

### KS; Temple, Barker, and Sloane, Inc. of Lexington, 

### MA; Pope-Reid Associates 

### of St. Paul, MN; and Sobotka and Company, Inc. 

### of Washington, 

### DC. ICF, Inc. I Temple, Barker, and Sloane, Inc., and Sobotka and Company, 

### Inc. will have access to the data 

### for economic and risk analyses. Westat, Inc. (seetext 

### of addendum). DPRA will have access to the data in order to provide data retrieval services to EPA analysts. Pope-Reid Associates will have access to the data for engineering cost analysis.
1 2. NUS, Inc.. of Gaithersberg, MD (EPAContract Number 68-01-7310) will have access to the data for assessment 

### of current regulations and to assist in development of new regulatory options. 

# I 

# I

3-5

# US.ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONAGENCY

INDUSTRIALSUBTITLED

# FACILITYSTUDY 

# Listof

# Questions-

# in Telephone

# Survey

October20,1986 DONOTMAIL

## TOEPA 

# I

WE

## WILLCALL

# YOU

# 1. us.ENVIRONMENTAL PMSTECTION AGENCY IhDUSTRIALSUBTITLED

### FACILITYSTUDY LISTOFQUESTIONSINTELEPHONESURVEY INTRODUCTION The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is evaluating Subtitle D (solid waste) landfills, surface impoundments, land application units, and waste piles in response 

### to the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA). These Amendments modified the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), under which 

### EPA sets Federal standardsand guidelinesforSubtitleD waste disposal facilities. Subtitle Dfacilities arethose that are regulated 

### as hazardous under Subtitle Cof 

### RCRA. 

### To improve our information base,EPAisconductingastudyofhowRCRASubtitle

### Dwastesaremanaged. We will telephone you soon and ask some questions concerning the management of industrial process residuals, wastes, and wastewater generated at your establishment. The questions relate to wastes managed in Subtitle D landfills, surface impoundments, land application units and waste piles. We are mailing them to you in advance,to give you the opportunityto review them and,ifyou wish, ascertaintheanswers. I PLEASEDO

### NOT

### MAILTHIS

### INSTRUMENTTOEPA. Waitforthephonecall,whichwillbe made bya professionaltelephone interviewer, who will gothroughthequestionswith youandhelpyou answer them. If you have any general auestions about the survey, call the Questionnaire Assistance Centeratthetoll-free number (800)638-8985 andaskforthe

### EPA SubtitleDSpecialist. If you haveanyquestionsaboutrenulatorvissuesorSubtitleD,calltheRCRA-Superfund Hotline at800-424-9346 or202-382-3000. This questionnaire appliesto Subtitle

### D landfills, surface impoundments, landapplication units,andwaste piles. Do'mincludeunitsthatareregulated underSubtitle oftheResource ConservationandRecovery Act (RCRA).
PLEASE READTHE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS FORTERMSWHXCH WILL 

### HELP YOU TOUNDERSTAND

### THEQUESTIONS:

1

### U.S. ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTXONAGENCY INDUSTRIALSUBTITLE

### DFACILITYSTUDY LISTOFQUESTIONS INTELEPHONE

### SURVEY DEFINITIONS 

### DISPOSAL is the discharging, depositing, injecting, dumping,orplacing of solid waste intoor 

### onanyland. FACILmis

### anarea

### ofland withadditional structures, equipment,

### and improvementsused

### for treating, storing, or disposing of waste. A facility may consist of one or more treatment, storage,ordisposalunits. Unitsfoundat

### afacilityare

### asfollows o A bndfiu

### is a disposal facility where wastes are piaced in or 

### on the land with the intentionof leaving theminpermanently. Wastes placed in landfillsare generally solids butcanincluderesiduals, sludges, 

### orliquids

### incontainers. 

# 1

0 A

## Ddw ImDoundment is a natural 

### or man-made depression in the ground formed mainly of earthen materials. Wastes maybe treated, stored, or disposed in a surface impoundment on a temporary or permanent basis. Other common names for surface improvementsareponds, pits, or lagoons. Surface impoundmentscan hold liquid, semisolidorsolidresiduals, wastes, aridwastewaters.
0 A

### Land ADolicationUnirisanareaoflandwherewastesareappliedontoorintothesoil. Other common names for land application units are land treatment, land farming, and land spreading. Wastes placed in land application units are solid, semi-solid, or liquid residuals, wastes, andwastewaters.
o AWeP 

### iIeis a noncontainerized mass of solid, nonflowing waste material. It mayor maynot be contained bya fence, wall, cover, or someotlier structure. Waste pilesmay be usedfortreatmentorstorage. JrALQGENATED

### SOL

### VENTisany solvent containing any of thefollowing related nonmetallic elements

## - fluorine,chlorine,bromine,iodine.and

### astatine. 

### HAZARDOUSWAS"€ iswaste thatis regulatedunderSubtitleCof RCRA. Itisa solidwaste

# I andexhibits the characteristicsof ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and/or 

### EP toxicity. The regulatorydefinitionofhazardouswaste

### isfoundat40

### CFR 261.3. 

### NONHALOGENATEDSOLVENTisanysolvent iodine,orastatine. NPDES is the 'National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System' program which regulates

# 1 permitting for the dischargeof pollutants from any point source in the waters of the United

# .I containinganyfluorine, chlorine, bromine,

States. ONSITE means any facility that is located within the property boundaries of an industrial establishment.

2

### US.E"lNMENTAL PROTECTIONAGENCY INDUSTBIALSUBTITLEI)FACILITYSTUDY LIST

### OFQUESTIONS

### INTELEPHONESURVEY DEFINITIONS POWrefers to a "Publicly-owned treatment works" and means any device orsystem used 

### to treat municipal sewageor industrialwastes of aliquidnature. A POW

### is usually ownedby

### a stateormunicipality. RESIDUALis any material left over atthe end of an industrial process'that 

### is not sold 

### as a product. Residualscanincludesolids, liquidsand sludges. 

### NOTE 

### ThLdiffers fromthe way EPAhasused thetermresidual inhazardouswastesurveys. RCRAistheResourceConservation andRecoveryActof 1976,thefederalstatute thatregulates the treatment, storage,anddisposalofsolidandhazardous waste. 

### SOLID WAn includes any solid, liquid, semi-solid.orcontained gaseous material resulting from industrial or commerciai operations, 

### as well 

### as from community activities. Wastes not considered solid wastes are materials found in domestic sewage; irrigation return flows; industrial discharges whicharepointsourcessubjecttopermitsunderSection402ofthe Federal Water Pollution Control AcS in situ mining wastes; and Atomic Energy Commission source, special nuclear, orby-product material. STORAGEis the temporary holding of waste, after which it is treated, disposed, or stored elsewhere. TREATMENTis any process that changes the chemical, physical, or biological character of a waste. WASTEis anymaterial thatresults fro= aproduction ortreatmentprocess and isIlotsoldas a product. 

### Thisincludeswastesthat artmanaged inwastepiles andsurfaceimpoundmentseven if theyare eventuallyrecycled. WASTEWATER isanywater that isused intheindustrialprocess butisnotpartof theproduct afterthe industrialprocess iscomplete. Wastewater

### includeswater that hasbeen used to clean equipment andina boilerblowdown but wastewatercxr;lvdesnon-contact cooling water.

### U.S. ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONAGENCY INDUSTRIAL SUBTITLEDFACILITY

### STUDY 

### LISTOFQUESTIONSIN TELEPHONESURVEY LANDFILLS 

# I

0 Howmany active Subtitle 

### D landfills do you have? gurrentlyusing orJemDorarilynotusing,butplan toyse aaain inthe future.) ("Active" refers to units you are

IF 

### YOU HAVE ACTIVE LANDFILLS, SKIP TO THE SURFACE 

### IMPOUNDMENT SECTION

o What istheapproximate$oralareacoveredby this/theselandfill(s)?

o In 1985,what.wasthemroximatetota1Quantityof wasteplacedinthis/these landfill(s)?

o What isthefotaldesinn caDacityof this/these landfill(s)? Please exclude anycoverorfill material from the estimated design capacity. 

### (Totaldesign capacity is the maximum amountof waste that thelandfillsaredesignedtoaccept.)

o What isthe total remaining design capacity? (Howmuch more wa canbe placed inthe

# e landfills?)

o Does thislandfill/do anyof these landfillsreceivewastesfrom off-site? (Yes/No) o Areanyof theoff-site wastesfromhouseholdsorresidences? (Yes/No) 4US.

### ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTlONAGENCY XNDUSIXXAL

### SUBTITLE

### DFACILITY

### STUDY LISTOFQUESTXONSINTELEPHONESURVEY 

### SURFACEIMPOUNDMENTS The following QU~S~~O~S concern your surface impoundments. In your answers, please includepits, pondsand lagoonsused tocollectrunoff,

### aswell

### as thosethatreceive wastesfrom industrial processes. Dcludcany surface impoundment used to treat, store, or 'dispose nnly domesticsewagesludgeornoncontactcoolingwater.
o HowmanyactiveSubtitleDsurface impoundmentsdoyou have? ('Active' referstounits youarewrrentlyusingor&emDorarilynot using,butplanto i inthefuture.)

IF YOU HAVE ,4CllVE 

### SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS, 

### SKIP TO THE 

### LAND APPLICATION

### UNITSECTION
o How many'of these surface impoundments are used nnly to backup the other surface impoundments during heavy rains, or to contain unusual volume surges in process wastewater?
.

o What is the approximate @tal sudace arep of this/these surface impoundment(s), including theback-up units?

/,

o In 1985, what was the approximate @tal 

### am~~nt of wasteS entering this/these surface impoundment(

### s)?

o What is the approximate @tal caDacityof this/these surfaceimpoundment(s), that

### is, the maximum volumeof waste theyaredesigned tohold?US.ENVIRONMENTAL 

### PROTECTIONAGENCY INDUSTFtIAL

### SUBTITLED

### FACILITY§IUDY LISTOFQUESTIONSINTELEPHONE

### SURVEY LANDAPPLICATIONUNI=FS
o HowmanyactiveSubtitleDlandapplication unitsdoyouhave? CActive"referstounits youareSurrentlyusingor &mDorarily * not using,butplanto inthefuture.)

IF 

### YOU HAVE

## UL SECTION WVELAND APPLICATION UNITS, 

### SKIP TO THE WASTE 

### PILE

o Whatisthe approximate 

### ofthis/these unit(r)?

o In 1985, what was the totahUUSYof waste managed in this/these land applicationunit(s)?

6U.S. ENVIRONMENTALPROT$CnON AGENCY INDUSTRIALSUBTITLE

### DFACILITYSTUDY 

### LEXOFQUESTIONSINTELEPHONE

### SURVEY WASTEPILES
o Howmany active Subtitle

### D waste piles do you have? ("Active"refersto unitsyou are usingor 

## . not using, butplanto 

### inthefuture.)

- 

### IFYOU HAVE I30Am VEWASTEPILE,

### SKIPTO

### ?HE GENERALSECIION
0 What is the approximate of the ground currentlycovered by this/these waste pile(s)?

o 

### In 1985, what was the of waste placed in this/these waste pile(s)? 

### I o Howisthe wastemanagedaftertemporary storageinthis/these wastepile(s)?

o Doesthis/Do anyofthesewastepile(s)receive wastesfromoff-site? (Yes/No)

o Areanyoftheseoff-site wastesfromhouseholdsorresidences? (Yes/No)

7

### U.S. ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONAGENCY 

# a m INDUSTRIALSUBTITLEDFACILITY

### STUDY LISTOF

### QUESTIONSINTELEPHONESURVEY GENERAL 

# I

o Atanytime in the past, did you operateanyof the followingSubtitleDunits that have 

# I sincepermanentlyclosed? (ANSWER"NO"IFYOUNEVER

### HAD

### THEUNIT.) Surfaceimpoundment3 Landapplicationunits Wastepiles Landfills (Yes/No) (Y=/No) (Yes/No) (Yes/No)
IF 

### YOU DO NOT HAVE ANY LANDFILLS, SURFACE 

### IMPOUNDMENIS, LAND APPLICATION UNITS, QR WASTE PILES, 

### YOU WILL 

### NOT HAVETO ANSWER ANY OF 

### THEREMAINING QUESTIONS. THANK

### YOU FOR

### YOURTIMEANDCOOPERATION. Under 

### RCRA,any generator that generates less than 100 kilograms per month 

### of hazardous wasteisexemptfromhazardouswasteregulations.
o Does your establishment generate hazardous waste in quantities less than 100 kilograms permonth? i (Yes/No)
o Do anyof the waste management unitsin theprevious questionreceive hazardouswastes inquantitieslessthan 100Kilograms permonthfromyourestablishment? Do anyof the landfills? Do anyof thesurfaceimpoundments? Doanyof thelandapplication units? Do anyofthewastepiles? Yes/No) (Yes/No) (YWW (Y es/No)

8 

# I I 

# IUS.ENVIRONMENTALPROTECnONAGENCY 

### INDUSTRIALSUBTITLED

### FACILITY

### STUDY LISTOFQUESTIONS

### IN

### TELEPHONESURVEY GENERAL

0 Three general waste type categories are listed below. Each 

### of these wastes can be classified as hazardous, but under certain conditions, such as low concentrations, these wastes canbeplaced inSubtitle

### Dunits. Doyou placelowconcentrations

### ofthesewastes inanyofthe SubtitleDunitswehavediscussed? HalogenatedSolventsnotregulated

ashazardous (Yes/No) Non-Halogenated Solventsnotregulated



### ashazardous (Yes/No) Metaisnotreguiatedashazardous (Yes/No)
o (ANSWER

### ONLY

### IF"METALS=

### YESIN

### PREVIOUSQUESTION) If you doplace low concentrationsofmetalsinSubtitleDunits, areanyofthe following included? Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium Lead Mercury Selenium Silver Thallium

THANK YOUVERY

### MUCHFORYOUR 

### 'TIMEAND

### COOPERATION.

9APPENDIX C
INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC ESTIMATESINDUSTRY

ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRICURY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER 8 AG. CHEW. ELEC. POUER GENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINSMFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLAM8 CWC. PULPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS FOmAND KINDRED PRDOUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLEW REFINING RUBBER AND WISC. PRCOUCTS TRANSPORTATIOM EQUIPMENT SELECTED CHEW. & ALLIED TEXTILEMANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIWTES

OF THE WUnBER OF ESTABLISHWENTS

THAT MANAGED SUBTITLED UASTE IN 1985

cy ESTAB

518 2,151

653 1,314

705 1,302 .11,765

5,136 3,133 14,551 718 1,598 11*128 8,274 1

### ,m 5;760 1,- STANDARD ERROR
36 a7 65 101 29 93 316 1 76 lbc 375

92 112 276 278 101 211 122 CDEFFICIENT OF VARIAT1oW (CV) 0.069 0.041 0.100 0.077 0.042 0.072 0.027 0.031 0.0a 0.026 0.128 0.070 0.025 0.034 0.057 0.037 0.074INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS THAT MANAGED SUBT.ITLE D YASTE IN LAND-BASEDUNITS IN 1985

1NDUSTRY

ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER & At. CHEH. ELEC. POYER GENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINSWFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8 CDNC. PULPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS FOOO AND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLEUM REFINING RUBBER AND MlSLPROOUCTS

. TRANSPORTATION EOUIPMENT SELECTED CHEH. & ALLIED TEXT1LE MNUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 # ESTAB

122 573 200 396 108 395 4,=

498 436 2,721

389 459 244 415

97 520

67 STANDARD ERROR
20 54 37 52 10 so 261

67 74 227

73 69 56 74 22 77 30 CV

0.161 , 0.095 0.187 0.133 0.093 0.127 0.060 0.1% 0.170 0.W 0.188 0.151 0.228 0.178 0.32 0.149 0.448

c-3 

# \INDUSTRY
ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMRY IRONAND STEEL FERTILIZER8 AG. CHEM. ELEC. POWER GENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINSMFR. INORGAWIC CHEW1CALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8 CONC. PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS FMO AND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLELM REFINING RUBBER AND MISC. PROOUCTS TRANSPORTATION EOUIPMENT SELECTED CHEM. 8 ALLIED TEXTILE MANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS THAT MANAGED NBTITLED UASTE INLANDFILLS IN1985

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 # ESTAB 13 176 30 126 28 81 1,153

180 90 189 69 41 36 56 19 25

9 STANDARD ERROR 0 28 16 22 10 4 110

.20

13 63 33

1 17 31

0 9 4 

### cv
0.000 0.I62 0.520 0.177 0.351 0.053 0.121 0.109 0.143
.o 0.333 0.483 0.024 0-466 0.548 0.000 0.361 0.428

TOTAL 2.321 168 0.072INDUSTRY
ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER 8AG. CHEM. ELEC. POUER GENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINS MFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS8 CONC PULPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIWRYNONFERROUS METALS FWDAND KINDRED PRODUCTS YATER TREATMENT PETROLEUM REFINING RUBBER AND MISC. PROOUCTS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT SELECTED CHEM. 8ALLIED TEXT1LE MANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMEUTS THATMANAGED

SUBTITLED,WASTE IN SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IU1985

# ESTAB 88 185 113 322 a0 345 1,977

302 188 1,713

331 321 126 121

53 388

27 STANDARD ERROR 16 28 22 48

2 50 186

31 14 178

70 55 39 18 4 56

7 cv
0.1n 0.153 0.195 0.149 0.021 0.145 0.094 0.103 0.236 0.104 0.213 0.171 0'.308 0.151 0.083 0.145 0.253 

# I 

# I

I

I 

# I

TOTAL 298 0.045 

# I

c-5INDUSTRY
ORtiClNlC CHEMICALS PRlWYlRW AND STEEL FERTILIZER 8 At. CHEM. ELEC. POWER GENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINS MFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, 'GLASS a CONC. PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS FMDAND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT , PETROLEUM REFINING RUBBER AND MISC. PROOUCTS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT SELECTED CHEH. & ALLIED TEXTILE MANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. INDUSTRY SPECIFSCESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF ESTABLISHHEITS THAT MANAGED

WBTITLE D UASTE IN LAND APPLICATION UNITS IN 1985

.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 10 11 12 13 14 1s 16 17 1 ESTAB 24 53 95 34 15 16 188

75 a 1.375

102 45 16 10 15 65

0 STANDARD ERRROR 9 27 34 22

0 2 62 31

1 171 40 .23 10 6 2 32

0 CV 0.385 0.511 0-359 0-630 0.021 0.140 0.331 0.417- 0.127 0.125 1 0.397 0.514 0.610 0.624 0.161 0.498 NA

C-6INDUSTRY
ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMRY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER B AG. CHEM. ELEC. POUER GENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINSMFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS & CONC PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERROUSMETALS FODD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS WATER TREATMENT PETROLEUM REFINING RUBBER ANDMlSC. PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATION EOUIPMENT SELECTED CHEM. 8 ALLIED TEXTILEMANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS THAT MANAGED SUBTITLE D WASTE INWASTE PILES IN 1985

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 # ESTAB 37 3%

30 98 23 60 2,082

163 261 340

44 136 108 307

39 59 13 STANDARD cv ERROR 13 0.33 

### u 0.132

7 0.019 31 0.314

7 0.305

193 0.093

51 0.316 61 0.233 85 0.250 24 0.514 40 0.291 39 0-359 73 0.236 22 0.563 15 0.U9 29 0.683

c-7 

# ‘IINDUSTRY OQWICCHEHIULS ' PRIWYIRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER 8At. CHEH. ELEC. POVER GENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINS HFR. IYORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, CUSS8CONC.

. PULPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMRYNONFERROUS METALS FOOD AND KINDRED PROOUCTS YATER TREATMENT PETROLEUM REFINING RUBBER AND HISC. PRWJCTS TRANSPORTATIW EOUIPHENT SELECTED CHEM. 8ALLIED TEXTILEWNUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIUATES OF THE TOTAL YNT OF SUBTITLED UASTE WYAGED IN LAND BASED UNITS IM 1985 (Metric Tons)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 TOTAL AnaJNT 53,s12,US 1,182,309,731

150,S65.a2 992,978,970 164,099,853 836,114,OcL 565,430,803 2,1u7,000,866 60,973,032 339,561,224

53,i96,152 1S3,301,676

21,998,316 11,517,432 57,260,949 230,709,380

2,940,590 STANDARD ERROR 93,795 550,697,223 30,568 66,846,842 215,560 7,454*689 130,983,268 212,100,225

9,8SO,OSO 34.167.3 10 22.776.41 9 UO ,763 5,307,a21 1,516,883

181,102 66,739,337 749,761 

### cv
0.002 0.ab 0.000 0.067 0.001 0.009 0.762 0.104 0.162 0.101 0.426 0.004 0.241 0.132 0.003 0.289 0.255

C-8INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF SUBTITLE D LANDFILLS IN 1985

INDUSTRY
ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMRY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER& AG. CHEM. ELEC. POUER GENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINS MFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS & CONC. WLPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIWRY NONFERRWS METALS FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLEUM REFINING RUBBER AND MISC. PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATION EOUIPMENT SELECTED CHEM. & ALLIED TEXTILE WNUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PRm. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1UNITS STANDARD ERROR 17 0 202 29

31 16 155 23 32 10 120 4 1,257 158

259 23 111 14 194 63 121 66 61 1 77 40 63 31 21 0 28 9

9 4 cv
0.000 0.116 0.503 0.1&7 0.307 0.036 0.126 0.089 0.130 0.324 0.549 0.021 0.519 0.493 0.000 0-322 0.428

c-9 

# 1 

# 1



# i 1 

# 1INDUSTRY
ORGANIC CHEWICALS PRlMRY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER aAG. CHEH. ELEC. POWER GENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINS MFR. lNORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8CONC. WLPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRlMRYNONFERROUS METALS FWDAND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLELM REFINING RUBBER AND HISC. PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATIONEWIPWENT SELECTED CHEM. 8ALLIED TEXTILE MANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE TOTAL AcKxllT OF SUBTITLE 0UASTE MANAGED INLANDFILLS IN 1985 (Metric Tons)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 WASTE STANDARD WNT ERROR 238.575 0 3,352,467 50,503 5,263,323 26 48,590,046 21,112,712 i7.539 2,927.324 13,124 6,883,106 1,048,590 5,338,781 ,190,987 1,250,125 212,753 .3,268,486 2,495.T16 143,099 44 I036 246,952 97s 472,520 388.697 1 55,926 9,820 101,953 0 62,655 35.830

8.460 1,ow CV
0.000 0.015 0-000 0-435 0.024 0.004 0.152 0.036 0.170 0.764 0.308 0.004 0.823 0-063 0.000 0.572 0.119

6 

### c-IO1NDUSTRY
ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER & At. CHEH. ELEC. POMRGENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINSMFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS & CONC. PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERRDUS METALS FOOO AND KINDRED PRWUCTS WATER TREATHENT PETROLEUM REFIWIWG RUBBER AND MIX. PRWUCTS TRANSPORTAT1OH EOUIPMENT SELECTED CHEH. & ALLIED TEXTILE t4ANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PRW. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF SUBTILE D SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS IN 1985

1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 # UNITS
262 383 274 7,220

292 1,039 3,153

918 648 4,166

659 915 176 287 219 741 102 STANDARD ERROR 27 31 22 185

6 97 302

89 76 540 139 118 46 41 13 100

29 CV
0.103 0.080 0.081 0.I52 0.022 0.09L 0 096 0.097 0.168 0.130 0.211 0.129 0.262 0.142 0.060 0.135 0.287

TOTAt 15,253 700 0.046 

# I I

I 

# I 

# I

I E 

# 8 

# I

I 

# I

I 1 

# I

i

C-llINDUSTRY SPECI-FICESTIMATES Of THE TOTAL AMUNT OF SUBTITLE D UASTE MANAGED IN SURFACE lMWUNDMENTS IN 1985 (METRIC TONS)

INDUSTRY
ORUNICCHEMICALS 1 PRIMARY IROllAND STEEL 2 FERTILIZERB AG. CHEH. 3 ELEC. POWER GENERATION 4 PLASTICSAND RESINS HFR. 5 INORGANIC CHEUICALS 6 STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8 CONC. 7 PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY 8 PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS 9 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS 10 UATER TREATUENT

. 11 PETROLELN REFINING 12 RUBBER AND HISC. PRODUCTS 13 TRANSPORTATION EOUIPHENT 14 SELECTED CHEM. 8 ALLIED 15 TEXTILE WANUFACTURING 16 LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. 17 UASTE STANDARD CV AWlLlNT ERROR 51,569,927 

### n, 020 0.001 1,123,316,673 550,697,231 0.469

140,233,882 10;963 0.000 943,332,487 63,302,011 0.067 161,128,104. 215,469 0.001 795,522,720 550,152,617 2,032,198,342 51,416.8E 266,&LO, 157

45,204,232 152,623,325 21,424 ,867 10,717,220 56,763,690 229, 936,643 2,921,928 7,445,937 430,882,086 211,994,614.

9,807,563 3i,os4,a24 22,019,408 6LO.798 5,272,322 1,513,709

181.082 ~,735,a78 748,956 0.009 0.783 0.104 0.191 0.116 0.487 0.004 0.246 0.141 0.003 0.290 0.256

TOTAL 6,685,303,690 737,537,377 0.110.



### ......................................................................................... I.INDUSTRY SPECIFICESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF SUBTITLE D LAND APPLICATION UNITS IN 1985 ,

INDUSTRY
ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMARY IRONAND STEEL FERTILIZER 8At. CHEH. ELEC. PWERGENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINSHFR. INORCANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS8 CONC. PULPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS FOMAND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLEUM REFINING RUBBER AND UISC. PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

~ SELECTED CHEH. 8ALLIED

TEXTILE MANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 # UNITS
27 76 160 c3 17 24 309 139

9 3,128 147 114

16 11 17 72

0 STANDARD ERROR 9 43 67 22

0 3 132 31

1 1,085 57 69 10 6 2 32

0 cv
0.342 0.568 0.419 0.511 0.019 0.129 0.428 0.225 0.113 0.347 0.392 0.607 0.610 0.569 0.142 0.450 NA 

# I

C-13INDUSTRY
ORUNICCHEMICALS PRIRARY IRONAND STEEL FERTILIZER 8AG. CHEH. ELEC. POYER GENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINS MFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8CONC. WLPAWD’PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NOWFERROUS METALS’ FmDAWO KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATWENT 1 PETROLEUH REFINING RUBBER AND HISC. PROOUCTS TRANSPORTATION EOUIPMENT SELECTED CHEH. 8ALLIED TEXTILE WANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROO. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE TOTAL WWT OF SUBTITLED UASTE HANAGED IN LANDAPPLIUTIOW UNITS IN 1985 (Metric Tons)

1 UASTE STANDARD cv AHMINT ERROR 1,660,572 17,368 0.010 2 68,932 972 0.014 3 686,728 28,514 0.012 4 300,637 292,629 0.973 5 150,518 139 0.001 6 97,959 9,725 0.099 7 L6.W 32, 299 0.701 -., 8 8,128,977 1,700,242 0.209 9 339,098 0 0.000 10 69,034,641 10,842,914 0.157 11 8,140,583 5,013,571 0.616 12 359,888 1,347 0.004 13 47,148 1,045 0.022 14 264 42 0.160 15 388,676 2,630 0.007 16 17 0.788 ‘0 0 0.000 693,

### an ’ 5u ,853INDUSTRY SPECIFICESTIHATES OF THE NFBER OF SUBTITLE 0 WASTE PILEUNITS IN 1985

INDUSTRY
ORGANIC CHEMICALS 1 PRIWRY IRON AND STEEL 2 FERTILIZER 8 At. CHEI. 3 ELEC. POWER GENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINS HFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8CONC. PULPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS FOOOAND KINDRED PROoUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLEUM REFINING RUBBER AND MISC. PROOUCTS 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 cu X UNITS STANDARD ERROR 79 33 0.412 w 46 0.100 50 1 0.011 110 32 98 2,528

232 312 540

48 158 123 31 7 8 244 '71 63 164 24 40 42 0.282 0.229 0.077 0.096 0.308 0.202 0.303 0.697 0.250 0.346 

# 1 1 

# 8

1 

# 1 1 C-151 NDUSTRY
ORCANIC CHEMICALS PRIHARY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER L AG. CHER. ELEC. PMRGENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINS MFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8 CWC. PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMRYNONFERROUS METALS FMDAND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLEUM REFlNlNG RUBBER AND MISC. PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT SELECTED CHEU. 8ALLIED TEXTILE MANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTICUTES OF THE TOTAL AFKUNT OF SUBTITLED YASTE WNAGED IN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 UASTEPILES IN 1985 (CletricTwrs)

UASTE AMYJNT 43,771 5,571,660 L,381,910

755,800 2,743,691 37,566,#&2

a.u8,9a? 1,334,766 7,966,935

417,940

8,238 71.511 53,481 64.023

6,630 16,210 10,201 STANDARD ERROR 16,502 96,251 52 90,473 211 331,197 2,610,073

334,929 122.42a 294,460

4,879 10,414 33,766 92,560

1,218 5,n7 3,623 cv
0.3?7 0.017 0.000 0.120 0.000 0.009 0.313 0.251 0.015 0-

705 0.592 0.146 0.631 0.144 0.164 0.353 0.355

C-16INDUSTRY SPECIFICESTIMATES OF THE TOTAL CAPACITY OF LANDFILLSTHAT RECEIMD SUBTITLED UASTE IN 1985 (Hetric Tons)

INDUSTRY ORGANIC CHEMJCALS PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER 8At. CHEH. ELEC. POWER GENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINSWFR. INORGANIC CHEHICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS8 CONC. PULP AND PAPER lNDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERROUSMETALS LF CAP 5,712,538 55,504,959 135,684,370 908,608,127

2,018,633 62,879, k% 8,076,304,364 98,597,663 19,509,124 STANDARD ERROR 0 1,424,548 284 623,491,960 71,008 1;125,356 77,136,067,310 5,686,567 3,394,575 cv
0.000 0.026 0.000 0.466 0.035 0.018 0.884 0.058 0.174 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS 10 21,598,047 9,988,m 0.462 UATER TREATWAENT 11 3,067,690 457,598 0.149 PETROLEUM REFINING 12 8,363,884 126,285 0.015

~ RUBBER ANDMISC. PRODUCTS 13 16,777,972 11,037,806 0.658 TRASPORTATlON EOUIPHENT 14 6,668,541 1,682,191 0.222 SELECTEDCHEW. 8ALLIED 15 2,778,118 0 0.000 TEXTILE MANUFACTURING 16 633,256 0 0.000 

# I 

# 1 

# 1 1 

# 8 8 U 

# 1 

# 1

C-171NDUSTRY ORtANlC CHEMICALS PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER B AG. CHEU. ELEC. POVER GENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINSMFR. INORtANIC CHEHlCALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8CONC. PULPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERRUJSMETALS FOOO AND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATFR TREATWAENT PETROLEW REFINING RUBBER AND MISC. PRODUCTS TRASPORTATION EWIPWENT SELECTED CHEM. 8ALLIED TEXTILE MANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 INWSTRYSPECIFIC ESTIMATESOF THE

TOTAL REMINING CAPACITY OF LANDFILLSTHAT RECEIVED SUBTITLE D UASTE IN 1985 (Metric Tons)

LF REWINING CAP 3,646,324 38,973,221 57,531,527 794,871,388

1,375,750 7,811,737 7,761,826,121

208.L88.203

12,562,191 11,889,258

1,620,095 2,146,oai 5,143,002 1,821,128 2,985,997

M2,473 108,9q0 STANDARD ERROR 0 961,648 115 422,940,674 68,147 562,503 6,937,684,916 3,702,782 2,658,761 6,489,449

404.47a 124.614 3.237.282

215,945 0 366,922

17,890 CV
0.000 0.025 0.000 0.532 0-050 0.072 0.894 0.018 0.212 0.546 0.250 0.058 0-629 0.119 0.000 0.554 0.164INDUSTRY GROW ORGANIC CHEMICALS 1 PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL 2 FERTILIZER 8 AG. CHEM. 3 ELEC. PMRGENERATION 4 ' INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE TOTAL CAPACITY OF SURFACE IMWUNDMENTS THAT RECEIVED SUBTITLE D WASTE IN1985 (Metric Tons)

PLASTICS AND RESINS MFR. .5. INORGANIC CHEMICALS 6 SI CAP 7,753,366 c6,139,466 11,622,789



### s,725,587 a99.605.612 STANDARD cv ERROR 308,947 0.040 9,912,350 0.215 4,

480 0.000 30,215,698 o.oia 67,300 0.012 2,908,782 0.003 STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8 CONC. 7 22,963,815.532 21,485,241, 746 0.936 PUlP AND PAPER INDUSTRY a 300,200,707 21,536,279 0.072 PRIMARY NONFERROUS RETALS 9 2,214,663,(Uo 43,365,123 0.020 FOOO AND KINDRED PROOUCTS 10 149,752,041 34,321,676 0.229 WATER TREATMENT 11 419,926,297 278,284,271 0.663 PETROLELM REFINING 12 33,136,849 882.095 0.027 RUBBER AND MISC. PROOUCTS 13 604,466 296,810 0.491 TRANSPORTAT10N EOUIPHENT 14 1,213,565 166,130 0.137 SELECTED CHEM. B ALLIED 15 2,580,537 61,?90 0.024 TEXTILE RANUFACTURING 16 5,942,275 497,271 0.084

TOTAL 2a.783.424.773 a.~87,150.~1 0.747
c-19

# I. ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMRY IROY AND STEEL FERTILIZER8 AG. CHEW. ELEC. WVER GENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINS CIFR. INORliAKIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8CONC. PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMRYNOWFERROUS METALS FOODAND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLELM REFINING RUBBER AND MISC. PRU)UCTS TRANSPORTATION EWIPMENT SELECTED CREH. 8ALLIED TEXTILE.MKUFACTURIIt LEATHER AND LEATHER PRQ). lNDUS,TRY ;RW 1

,2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 \ IltDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTICUTES OF THE TOTAL SURFACEAREA OF LAM APPLICATIOIl UNITS THAT RECEIVED SUBTITLED UASTE IN 1985 (Acres3

w SURFACEAREA 1,060

153 654,129 276 981 935 2,736 16,976 233 199,sn

7.745 

### =,a 258

98 383 2,121 0 STANDARD ERROR 47 22 628,439 111

1 42 2.37 4,fW 4 67,188

2,011 230,7&6 23

6 0 194

0 

### cv
0.045 0.143 0.961 0.404 0.001 0-045 0.151 0.2?7 0.018 0.337 0.260 0.975 0.OBI 0.062 0.001 0,091 NAORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMARY IRONAND STEEL FERTILIZER& AG. CHEH. ELEC. PMRGENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINS HFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS & CONC. PULP AND PAPER IWDUSTRY PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLEW REFINING RUBBER AND MISC. PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATION EOUlPnENT SELECTED CHECI. & ALLIED TEXTILE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY GROUP 1 2 3 4 5 .6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE TOTAL SURFACE AREA OF UASTE PILE UNITS THAT RECEIVED SUBTITLE D UASTE IN1985 (Acres)

UP SURFACE AREA 468 590 1,220

139 5oL 2,259 1,926

359 4,452

u4

7 106

1 91

2

'10,694 10 STANDARD ERROR 3 

### ' 37 0 19

1 16 508

29 2.4n

278

3 20

1 11 0 10,501 4 CY
0.006 0.063 0.000 0.138 0.001 0.007 0.264 0.081 0.556 0.627 0.381 0.191 0.422 0.124 0.116 0.982 0.369INDUSTRY

OC(GAN1C CHEMICALS PRlMRY IROFlAND STEEL FERTILIZER g At. [HEM. ELEC. PWERGENERATION PLASTICSAND RESINS MFR. INORtrANICCHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8CONC. PULPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIMARY NOWFERROUS METALS FOQ, AND KINDRED PROOUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLEWREFINING RUBBER AND HI%. PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATION EWIPHENT SELECTED CHEM. 8ALLIED TEXTILE MANUFACTURlNG LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMTESOF THE NUnBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS THAT MANAGED SUBTITLE D UASTEUSING ALTERNATIM UASTE WAGEMENTPRACTICES OTHER THAN LAND-BASEDUNITS IN 1985

1 2 3 4 5 6 .7 8 9 \ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 SIZE 

### n ESTAB

3% 1,578

453 918 597 908 7,397 4,638 2,997 11,830 328 1,139 10

### ,w 7,859 1,674 5,240 1,578 STANDARD COEFFIKIENT OF ERROR VARlAT1 ON
34 0..oss 91 0.057 59 0.131 94 30 90 317 179 164 375

67 107 278 279 101 214 122 0.102 0.050 0.099 0.043 0,039 0.055 0.032 0.205 0.094 0.026 0.036 0.060 0,041 0.077

c-22

~-INDUSTRY
ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZER 8 AG. CHEH. ELEC. POUER GENERATION PLASTICS AND RESINS HFR. INORGANIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS 8COEIC. WLPAND PAPER INDUSTRY PRIUARY NONFERROUS METALS FMDAND KINDRED PROOUCTS UATER TREATHENT PETROLEUM REFINING RUBBER AND HISC. PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATION EWIPHENT SELECTED CHEW. 8 ALLIED TEXTILE MANUFACTURING LEATHER AND LEATHER PROD. UEIGHTED AND UNUEIGHTED iNDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF CLOSED

SUBTITLE D UNITS IN 1985

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 I.UNITS (WEIGHTED 124 322 122 152 112 357 1137 396 340 915

78 264 252 342 100 249

95 # UNITS (UNVEIGHTEU 89 182 76 107 109 234 282 1s 147 133 21 213

63 161

83 77 30

TOTAL 5356 2191 

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C-23UEIGHTEDAND UNUEIGtHTED INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIHATES OF THE WBEROF ESTABLISHMENTS THAT GENERATED HAURDWUASTE Ill QW(T1TIES LESSTHAU 100 KG/W

INDUSTRY
ORUWlC CHEMICALS PRXCURY IRWAND STEEL FEffTILIZER8 AG. CHEM. ELEC. POMR GENERATIOW PLASTICS AND RESINS MFR. INWGAUIC CHEMICALS STONE, CLAY, GLASS & COWC. PULP AND FAPER INDUSTRY PRIMffY NOFlFERRDUSMETALS FMD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS UATER TREATMENT PETROLEW REFINING RUBBER AND MISC. PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATION EOUlPClENT SELECTED CHEM. & ALLIED TEXT1LE MNUFACTURING LEATHER AUD LEATHER PROD. Ill 1985

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1ESTABLISWEWTS CUEIGHTED1 13 182 45 224

19 122 1,266 -

169 148 896 111 1% 48 53 31 207

12 # ESTABLISWEWTS (UNWEIGHTED) 13 62 30 107

12 45 193 -73 35 113 30 57 11 19 7 47

4WEIGHTED AND UNUEIGHTED INDUSTRY SPECIFIC ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS THAT RECEIVED SOG UASTE IN SUBTITLED UNITS IN 1985 

# I

ORGANIC CHEHICALS 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 PRIHARY IRONAND STEEL 2 14 7 9 4 20 1 5 

# I

FERTILIZER BAG. CHEW. 3 1 1 I 4 0 0 ELEC. POMRGENERATION 4 1 1 15 11 1 1 5 PLASTICSAND RESINS WFR. 5 0 0 4 4 0 0 INORGANIC CHEMICALS 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 

# I

STONE, CLAY, GLASSS 8 CONC- 7 26 8 42 16 30 1 62 

# I 

# m

l1 

# I

12 0 0 27 4 0 0 

# '1 PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY 8 6 6 35 15 1 1 1 PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS 9 10 3 10 3 0 0 4 FMX)AND KINDRED PRCDWTS '10 1 1 81 14 35 5 WATER TREATHENT If 0 0 10 7 5 I 0 PETROLEOH REFINING RUBBER AND HISC. PROOUCTS 13 10 1 10 1 0 0 10 TRANSPORTATION EOUIPHENT 14 0 0 1 1 0 0 '1I SELECTED CHECI. 8ALL8IED 1s 0 0 3 2 0 0 22 TEXTILE WNUFACTURING 16 0 0 50 9 0 0 0 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRDD. 17 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 69 28 309 99 91 13 135 

# I I

C-25

### MEMO TO: AnnCrook,

### RTI FROM: CarolBristow,

### DPRA 

### RE: Subtitle

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### DATE: September

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