BIOPESTICIDES REGISTRATION ACTION DOCUMENT

(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal PC Code : 000712

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Pesticide Programs

Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division

October 17, 2013
(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:................................................................................................ 5

II. ACTIVE INGREDIENT OVERVIEW.............................................................................. 7

III. REGULATORY BACKGROUND...................................................................................... 7

A. Classification ........................................................................................................................ 7

B. Food Clearances/Tolerances............................................................................................... 7

IV. RISK ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................... 8

A. Active Ingredient Characterization.................................................................................... 8

B. Human Health Assessment.................................................................................................. 8

1. Toxicology ......................................................................................................................................................8

2. Dose Response Assessment ...........................................................................................................................8

3. Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Considerations................................................................................9

4. Occupational, Residential, School and Day Care Exposure and Risk Characterization ........................9

5. Cumulative Effects........................................................................................................................................9

6. Risk Characterization ...................................................................................................................................9

C. Environmental Assessment ................................................................................................. 9

1. Ecological Hazards........................................................................................................................................9

2. Environmental Fate and Ground Water Data..........................................................................................10

3. Ecological Exposure and Risk Characterization ......................................................................................10

4. Endangered Species Assessment ................................................................................................................10

D. Efficacy Data ..................................................................................................................... 10

V. RISK MANAGEMENT DECISION................................................................................ 11

A. Determination of Eligibility for Registration .................................................................. 11

B. Regulatory Decision........................................................................................................... 11

C. Environmental Justice ....................................................................................................... 12

VI. ACTIONS REQUIRED BY REGISTRANTS................................................................. 12

A. Reporting of Adverse Effects............................................................................................ 12

B. Reporting of Hypersensitivity Incidents.......................................................................... 12

VII. APPENDIX A. DATA REQUIREMENTS (40 CFR PART 158-SUBPART U).......... 12
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VIII. APPENDIX B.................................................................................................................... 14

IX. APPENDIX C.................................................................................................................... 15

X. GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS........................................... 15
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BIOPESTICIDES REGISTRATION ACTION DOCUMENT (BRAD) TEAM

Branch Chief

Linda A. Hollis, M.S.

Product Chemistry/Human Health Effects/Nontarget Organisms

Clara Fuentes, Ph.D., Entomologist

Regulatory Action Leader

Colin G. Walsh, M.S., Biologist
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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal is a new technical grade synthetic Straight-Chain Lepidopteran 

Pheromone (SCLP) biochemical pesticide active ingredient. This synthetic SCLP pheromone is

structurally similar to, and mimics, a naturally occurring pheromone produced by the female 

citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, to attract males for mating. This synthetic 

technical grade active ingredient (TGAI), (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, is intended to mitigate the 

effects of the citrus leafminer by disrupting the normal mating cycle of this pest in citrus crops. 

Currently, there is no proposed end-use product associated with this SCLP active ingredient; 

however, the intended use of the TGAI is for use in the formulation of end-use products either 

solely or in combination with insecticidal active ingredients. 

SCLPs have been well characterized by the Agency since 1994 when the Agency issued a final 

rule establishing an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for residues from the use of 

lepidopteran pheromones that are naturally occurring compounds, or identical or substantially 

similar synthetic compounds (40 CFR 180.1153). In addition, EPA’s regulations at 40 CFR 

158.2050(a)(2) and 158.2060(a)(2) exempt SCLP manufacturing-use products from human 

health and environmental toxicology data requirements. These data were waived based on the 

criteria presented in the OECD publication - Guidance for Registration Requirements for 

Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals Used for Pest Control (OCED, 2002; 

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/regtools/index.htm). No risks to human health are 

expected from the use of lepidopteran pheromones based on demonstrated low toxicity in animal 

testing and expected low exposure to humans. Furthermore, adverse effects to non-target 

organisms are not expected because pheromones are released in very small quantities in the 

environment and act on a select group of insects. Thus, given that these compounds present both 

low hazard and low exposure, the Agency has determined that, when used as directed, they 

present low risk to both humans and non-target organisms. 

This Biopesticides Registration Action Document (BRAD) serves as an additional chapter to be 

added to the original SCLP BRAD issued by the Agency in 2001 (SCLP BRAD update in 2008) 

(http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/registration/decision_G-109_02-Oct08.pdf). This chapter is specific to (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, a synthetic SCLP of the female 

citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton. Product chemistry data requirements for the 

manufacturing-use product (MP), A.S. (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, were satisfied by acceptable 

guideline studies. Data waiver rationale submitted to address human health and environmental 

toxicology data requirements for the MP is acceptable. 

BPPD has reviewed the data and information in support of the requirements for granting 

registration under Section 3(c)(5) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act 

(FIFRA). BPPD has determined that the data and information submitted adequately satisfy 

current data requirements (please refer to 40 CFR Subpart U § 158.2000). 

On October 1, 2009, EPA announced a new policy to provide a more meaningful opportunity for 

the public to participate on major registration decisions before they occur. According to this

policy, EPA provides a public comment period prior to making a registration decision for the 

following types of applications: new active ingredients, first food use, first outdoor use, first 
(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal

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residential use; and any registration decisions for which the Agency believes there may be 

substantial public interest. 

Consistent with the policy of making registration actions more transparent, (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal is subject to a 15-day comment period as a “new active ingredient.” EPA

established a comment period of 15 days on the basis of (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal’s minimal 

toxicity, the determination that (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal presents low risk of any adverse 

effects to human health and the environment, and critical need for this active ingredient. The 

notice for this comment period included the draft BRAD and the draft product label for the MP, 

A.S. (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, which contains this new active ingredient, (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal. The docket identification (ID) number is EPA-HQ-OPP-2013-0257. The 

Agency did not receive any comments on the registration of (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal during 

this 15-day comment period. The Agency believes that based on the risk assessment and 

information submitted in support of the registration of the MP containing (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal, it is in the best interests of the public to issue the registration for A.S. (Z,Z)-

7,11-Hexadecadienal. The basis for this decision can be found in the risk assessment for (Z,Z)-

7,11-Hexadecadienal, which is characterized in this BRAD. 
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II. ACTIVE INGREDIENT OVERVIEW

Common Name: Z7Z11-16Ald

 Chemical Names: (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal; 7-Z,11-Hexadecadienal

Trade & Other Names: A.S. (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal

 CAS Registry Number: 96883-53-3

OPP Chemical Code: 000712

Type of Pesticide: Straight-Chain Lepidopteran Pheromone (SCLP)

III. REGULATORY BACKGROUND

On February 1, 2013, EPA received an application filed by Technology Sciences Group, Inc. 

(TSG), 1150 18th Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20036, on behalf of Alpha Scents, 

Inc., 1089 Willamette Falls Drive, West Linn, OR 97068, to register the product, A.S. (Z,Z)-

7,11-Hexadecadienal (EPA File Symbol No. 85354-E) containing the new SCLP active 

ingredient, (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal. A notice of receipt (NOR) of this application, allowing 

for a 30-day comment period, was published in the Federal Register on May 29, 2013 (78 FR 

32246). No comments were received following this publication.

A. Classification

(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal is a synthetic Straight-Chain Lepidopteran Pheromone (SCLP) and is 

classified as a biochemical pesticide.

B. Food Clearances/Tolerances 

SCLPs are exempt from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw agricultural commodities 

when applied to growing crops at a rate not to exceed 150 grams of active ingredient/acre/year

and in accordance with good agricultural use practices, and in indoor post-harvest treatment in or 

on all stored food commodities when applied/used at a rate not to exceed 3.5 grams active 

ingredient (AI)/1,000 square feet/year (equivalent of 150 grams AI/acre/year), in accordance with 

good agricultural use practices (40 CFR 180.1153). Pheromones are ubiquitous in the 

environment, and are not considered to be air pollutants. During the season when moths and/or 

butterflies appear, they normally emit pheromones and humans are naturally exposed to these 

pheromones without knowledge and without any adverse reactions.
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IV. RISK ASSESSMENT

A. Active Ingredient Characterization

(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal is a technical grade synthetic SCLP. This pheromone is structurally 

similar to, and mimics, a naturally occurring pheromone produced by the female citrus leafminer, 

Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, to attract males for mating. EPA reviewed the applicant’s data on 

the product formulation, production and packaging and determined that they all met current 

Agency standards. Acceptable results were provided regarding the preliminary analysis of five 

batches of the product. All required physical and chemical characteristics were adequately 

presented. 

All product chemistry data requirements for registration of (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal have been 

satisfied. 

For more information regarding product chemistry data requirements, refer to Tables 1 and 2 in 

Appendix A. 

B. Human Health Assessment

1. Toxicology

Toxicology data for this TGAI/MP are not required for a SCLP as indicated in 40 CFR 

158.2050(a)(2). Currently, there is no proposed end-use product associated with this SCLP active 

ingredient; however, the intended use of the TGAI is for use in the formulation of end-use 

products either solely or in combination with insecticidal active ingredients. Any proposed enduse product must have an application rate not to exceed 150 grams active ingredient/acre/year as 

indicated in the SCLP exemption from the requirement of a tolerance (40 CFR 180.1153). 

For acute toxicity data requirements, toxicity categories are assigned based on the hazard(s) 

identified from studies and/or information on file with the Agency. The active ingredient is 

classified into Toxicity Category I, II, III or IV where Toxicity Category I indicates the highest 

toxicity and Toxicity Category IV indicates the lowest toxicity. Based on historical mammalian 

toxicity data for arthropod pheromones, the toxicity categories for the MP are: 1) acute oral 

toxicity – category IV, 2) acute dermal toxicity – category III-IV, 3) acute inhalation toxicity –

category III-IV, 4) minimal eye irritation, and 5) minimal skin irritation.

Adequate information and scientific rationales to address all toxicity requirements for this 

product were submitted by the applicant. All toxicology data requirements for (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal have been satisfied.

2. Dose Response Assessment

Because no toxicological endpoints were identified for this active ingredient, a dose-response 

assessment was not required. 
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3. Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Considerations

a. Dietary Exposure and Risk Characterization

Risk characterizations are not applicable for this TGAI/MP and are not required as indicated in 

40 CFR 158.2050(a)(2). Future risk characterization for EPs containing this active ingredient, 

(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, will follow the reduced toxicology data requirements as indicated in 

40 CFR 158.2050. 

 b. Drinking Water Exposure and Risk Characterization

Risk characterizations are not applicable for this TGAI/MP and are not required as indicated in 

40 CFR 158.2050(a)(2). Risk characterization will depend on the information associated with the 

applications of EPs containing (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal. 

4. Occupational, Residential, School and Day Care Exposure and Risk Characterization

a. Occupational Exposure and Risk Characterization

Risk characterizations are not applicable for this TGAI/MP and are not required as indicated in 

40 CFR 158.2050(a)(2). Risk characterization will depend on the information associated with the 

applications of EPs containing (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal. 

b. Residential, School and Day Care Exposure and Risk Characterization

Risk characterizations are not applicable for this TGAI/MP and are not required as indicated in 

40 CFR 158.2050(a)(2). Risk characterization will depend on the information associated with the 

applications of EPs containing (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal. 

5. Cumulative Effects

Cumulative effects determinations are not applicable for this TGAI/MP and are not required as 

indicated in 40 CFR 158.2050(a)(2). 

6. Risk Characterization

Risk characterizations are not applicable for this TGAI/MP and are not required as indicated in 

40 CFR 158.2050(a)(2). Risk characterization will depend on the information associated with the 

applications of EPs containing (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal. 

C. Environmental Assessment

1. Ecological Hazards

Ecological toxicology data for this TGAI/MP are not required for a SCLP as indicated in 40 CFR 

158.2060(a)(2). According to 40 CFR 158.2060(a)(2), SCLPs applied up to a maximum use rate 
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of 150 grams active ingredient/acre/year, and that are not expected to be available to avian 

species, are not required to address non-target toxicity data requirements. (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal is a synthetic pheromone subject to 180.2060(a)(2), which acts on a select group 

of insects and has a non-toxic mode of action. Future environmental assessments will be based 

on information submitted in conjunction with applications for EPs that contain (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal. The ecological data requirements can be found in 40 CFR 180.2060.

2. Environmental Fate and Ground Water Data 

Environmental fate data are not required for this TGAI/MP and are not required for a SCLP as 

indicated in 40 CFR 158.2060(a)(2).

3. Ecological Exposure and Risk Characterization

Not applicable. The required Environmental Hazard statement for MPs is considered to be 

sufficient to mitigate any exposure relative to this manufacturing use.

4. Endangered Species Assessment

The Agency has not conducted a risk assessment that supports a complete endangered species 

determination. The ecological risk assessment planned during registration review will allow the 

Agency to determine whether the uses of (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal have “no effect” or “may 

effect” federally listed threatened or endangered species (listed species) or their designated 

critical habitats. (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal is a synthetic SCLP and is structurally similar to,

and mimics, a naturally occurring pheromone produced by the female citrus leafminer, 

Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, to attract males for mating. It is not known to be toxic to any 

insect species or other non-target organisms. Based on this information, it is unlikely that (Z,Z)-

7,11-Hexadecadienal will affect listed species.

Should an assessment conclude that a pesticide’s use “may affect” a listed species or its 

designated critical habitat, the Agency will consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

and/or National Marine Fisheries Services (the Services), as appropriate. 

D. Efficacy Data

Product performance data must be developed for all pesticides to ensure that pesticide products 

will perform as intended and that unnecessary pesticide exposure to the environment will not 

occur as a result of the use of ineffective products. The Agency reserves the right to require on a 

case-by-case basis, submission of efficacy data for any pesticide product registered or proposed 

for registration that are intended to be used to control a pest of significance public health 

importance and a public health pest as defined in FIFRA section 28(d) and section 2(nn). For 

further guidance on product performance requirement, refer to Pesticide Registration Notice (PR) 

Notices 96-7, 2002-1 and Explanation of Statutory Framework for Risk-Benefit Balancing for 

Public Health Pesticides (http://www.epa.gov/PR _Notices/pr1996-7.pdf) 

(http://www.ea.gov/PR_Notices/pr2002-1.pdf) and (http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/riskbenefit.htm).
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The MP that contains this new active ingredient, (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, is intended to be 

used to formulate end-use products and cannot itself be used to directly treat any pests; therefore,

product performance (efficacy) was not evaluated. 

V. RISK MANAGEMENT DECISION

A. Determination of Eligibility for Registration 

Section 3(c)(5) of FIFRA provides for the registration of a new active ingredient if it is 

determined that: (A) its composition warrants proposed claims; (B) its labeling and other 

materials comply with the requirements of FIFRA; (C) it will perform its intended function 

without unreasonable adverse effects on the environment; and (D) when used in accordance with 

widespread and commonly recognized practice, it will not generally cause unreasonable adverse 

effects on the environment. 

The four criteria of the Eligibility Determination for Pesticidal Active Ingredients are satisfied by 

the science assessments supporting the MP containing this active ingredient, (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal. The product is not expected to cause unreasonable adverse effects. Therefore, 

(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal as a technical grade active ingredient is eligible for registration for 

the labeled uses. 

B. Regulatory Decision

The data submitted fulfill the registration requirements of (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal for use as 

synthetic SCLP pheromone that is structurally similar to, and mimics, a naturally occurring 

pheromone produced by the female citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, to attract 

males for mating. Refer to Appendix B for product-specific information.

Conditional/Unconditional Registration

All data requirements are fulfilled, and EPA determined that an unconditional registration of 

(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal is appropriate.

Consistent with the policy of making registration actions more transparent, (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal is subject to a 15-day comment period as a “new active ingredient.” EPA has 

established a comment period of 15 days on the basis of (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal’s minimal 

toxicity, the determination that (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal presents low risk of any adverse 

effects to human health and the environment, and critical need for this active ingredient. The 

notice for this comment period included the draft BRAD and draft product label for the MP, A.S. 

(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, which contains this new active ingredient (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal. The docket identification (ID) number is EPA-HQ-OPP-2013-0257. The 

Agency did not receive any comments on the registration of (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal during 

this 15-day comment period. The Agency believes that based on the risk assessment and 

information submitted in support of the registration of the MP containing (Z,Z)-7,11-
(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal

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Hexadecadienal, it is in the best interests of the public to issue the registration for A.S. (Z,Z)-

7,11-Hexadecadienal. The basis for this decision can be found in the risk assessment for (Z,Z)-

7,11-Hexadecadienal, which is characterized in this BRAD. 

C. Environmental Justice

EPA seeks to achieve environmental justice—the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of 

all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income—with respect to the development, 

implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. At this time, 

EPA does not believe that use of the (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal pesticide product will cause 

harm or a disproportionate impact on at-risk communities. For additional information regarding 

environmental justice issues, please visit EPA’s website at

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/environmentaljustice/index.html.

VI. ACTIONS REQUIRED BY REGISTRANTS

EPA evaluated all data submitted in connection with the registration of the (Z,Z)-7,11-

Hexadecadienal pesticide product and determined that these data are sufficient to satisfy current 

registration data requirements. At this time, no additional data must be submitted to EPA for this

particular product. For new uses and/or changes to existing uses, EPA may require additional 

data. 

Notwithstanding the information stated in the previous paragraph, it should be clearly understood 

that certain specific data are required to be reported to EPA as a requirement for maintaining the 

Federal registration for a pesticide product. A brief summary of these types of data are listed 

below. 

A. Reporting of Adverse Effects

Pursuant to FIFRA section 6(a)(2), reports of all incidents of adverse effects to the environment 

must be submitted to EPA.

B. Reporting of Hypersensitivity Incidents

Additionally, all incidents of hypersensitivity (including both suspected and confirmed incidents) 

must be reported to the Agency under the provisions of 40 CFR Part 158.2050(d).

VII. APPENDIX A. DATA REQUIREMENTS (40 CFR PART 158-SUBPART U)

*NOTE: Master Record Identification (MRID) numbers listed in the following tables are 

representative of supporting data/information for the original registration of the product 

containing this active ingredient. Subsequent to this registration, there may be additional MRIDs 

that support registration of other products containing this active ingredient. 
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TABLE 1. Product Chemistry Data Requirements for A.S. (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal (40 CFR § 158.2030)

OCSPP Guideline Reference No./Study Description of Result MRID

880.1100 Product identity and composition The product identity and composition were 

adequately addressed. Confidential Business 

Information (CBI).

49015701

880.1200 Description of starting materials, 

production, and formulation 

process

The description of the starting materials, 

production, and formulation process were 

adequately addressed. CBI.

49015701

880.1400 Discussion of formation of 

impurities

The discussion of formation of impurities was 

adequately addressed. CBI.

49015701

49173801

830.1700 Preliminary analysis The preliminary analysis of the product was 

acceptable. CBI. 49015701

830.1750 Certified limits The certified limits listed on the Confidential 

Statement of Formula (CSF) are acceptable. 49015701

830.1800 Enforcement analytical method The enforcement analytical method was 

adequately addressed. CBI. 49015701
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TABLE 2. Physical and Chemical Properties for A.S. (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienala

Guideline Reference No./Property Description of Result MRID

830.6302 Color Clear 49015702

830.6303 Physical State Liquid 49015702

830.6304 Odor Waxy 49015702

830.6313 Stability N/A, not intended to come into 

contact with metals or metal ions.

1 49015702

830.6315 Flammability 110°C 49015702

830.6317 Storage Stability One-year test is ongoing 49015702

830.6319 Miscibility N/A, the product is not to be 

emulsifiable liquid

49015702

830.6320 Corrosion Characteristics Not corrosive; one-year test is 

ongoing

49015702

830.7000 pH N/A, the product is not dispersible 

in water

49015702

830.7050 UV/Visible light absorption No absorption above 200 nm, in 

the visible portion of the spectrum.

49015702

830.7100 Viscosity 2.41 nN.

s/m2 (2.41 centipoise) or 

2.8cSt at 25°C

49015702

830.7200 Melting Range N/A, product is not a solid at room 

temperature.

49015702

830.7220 Boiling Range 100°C 49015702

830.7300 Density/Relative Density/Bulk 

Density

0.861 g/cm3or

7.19 lbs/gal

49015702

830.7520 Particle size, fiber length/diameter

 

N/A, product is water soluble at 

10-6 g/L

49015702

830.7550 Partition Coefficient 6.28 49015702

830.7840 Water Solubility 0.122 mg/L at 25°C 49015702

830.7950 Vapor Pressure 4.12x10-4 mm Hg at 25°C 49015702

1 Request to waive submission of Stability to Normal and Elevated Temperatures, Metal/Metal Ions data 

requirement for TGAIs (OPPTS 830.6313) is based on 40 CFR 158.2030 (e)(17) provision. The registrant states on 

pg. 6 of MRID 490157-01 that in accordance with 40 CFR 158.2030 (e)(17) provision, the test is not required 

because the TGAI will be stored in glass containers and it is not intended to come into contact with metals or metal 

ions during storage or usage, nor is it intended to be stored or used at elevated temperatures.

VIII. APPENDIX B.

For product specific information, please refer to http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/pestlabels.
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IX. APPENDIX C.

REFERENCES

OECD. 2002. Series on Pesticides No. 12: Guidance for Registration Requirements for 

Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals Used for Arthropod Pest Control. Organization for 

Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Issued: 02/26/2002. 

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/regtools/index.htm

EPA. 2008. Biopesticides Registration Action Document (BRAD) for Straight Chain 

Lepidopteran Pheromones (SCLP). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide 

Programs. October 2, 2008.

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/registration/decision_G-109_02-

Oct-08.pdf

REVIEWS AND OTHER REFERENCES

EPA. 2013a. Memorandum from Clara Fuentes, Ph.D., to Gina Burnett. Science Review in 

Support of the Registration of new technical grade (TGAI) manufacturing use product (MP), 

A.S. (Z,Z)-7,11,-Hexadecatrienal, containing 82.93 % w/w of (Z,Z)-7,11,-Hexadecatrienal as 

active ingredient. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. May 15, 

2013.

EPA. 2013b. Memorandum from Clara Fuentes, Ph.D., to Colin Walsh. Science Review of 

response to deficiencies in Support of the Registration of new technical grade (TGAI) 

manufacturing use product (MP), A.S. (Z,Z)-7,11,-Hexadecatrienal, containing 82.93 % w/w of 

(Z,Z)-7,11,-Hexadecatrienal as active ingredient. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office 

of Pesticide Programs. September 5, 2013.

X. GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

a.i. active ingredient

BPPD Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division

BRAD Biopesticide Registration Action Document

CBI Confidential Business Information

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

cm centimeter

CSF Confidential Statement of Formula

cSt centistokes

°C degrees Celsius

EP end-use product

EPA Environmental Protection Agency (the “Agency”)

FFDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

FQPA Food Quality Protection Act
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FR Federal Register

g gram

gal gallon

kg kilogram

L liter

lbs pounds

m meter

MRID No. Master Record Identification Number

mg milligram

mL milliliter

mm Hg millimeter in Mercury

MP manufacturing-use product

N/A not applicable

NE “No Effect”

nm nanometer

NOR notice of receipt

OPP Office of Pesticide Programs

OCSPP Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention

PR Notice Pesticide Registration Notice

s second

 TGAI technical grade of the active ingredient

 TSG Technology Sciences Group, Inc.

 UV ultra-violet