UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO

EASTERN DIVISION

LEONARD ROMAN 

Plaintiff,

 Civil Action 2:12-cv-00747

vs. Judge Michael H. Watson

 Magistrate Judge Elizabeth P. Deavers

JOHN BARLOW, et al.,

Defendants.

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION

On July 16, 2012, Plaintiff filed an action in the Franklin County Common Pleas Court, 

in which he asserts various claims against Defendants John Barlow (“Barlow”), Brunton Motor 

Freight, Inc. (“Brunton”), Northland Insurance Company (“Northland”), and Anthem Blue Cross 

and Blue Shield (“Anthem”). Plaintiff is a resident of Ohio. Barlow is a resident of Illinois. For 

residency purposes related to diversity jurisdiction, Brunton is a resident of Illinois, Northland is 

a resident of Minnesota, and Anthem is a resident of Ohio. On August 17, 2012, Defendants 

Barlow, Brunton and Northland filed a Notice of Removal in which they allege that this Court 

has original jurisdiction by reason of complete diversity of the parties pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 

1332(a). In their Notice, Barlow, Brunton and Northland assert that Anthem’s consent to 

removal is unnecessary for various reasons. This matter is before the Court for consideration of 

Plaintiff’s Motion for Remand to State Court. (ECF No. 7.) For the reasons that follow, it is 

RECOMMENDED that Defendant Anthem be REALIGNED as a plaintiff in this case. It is 

further RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff’s Motion for Remand be DENIED. 

Case: 2:12-cv-00747-EPD Doc #: 11 Filed: 12/18/12 Page: 1 of 8 PAGEID #: <pageID>
2

BACKGROUND

This action arises out of an automobile collision that occurred on March 12, 2012. 

(Compl. ¶ 1, ECF No. 2.) Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Barlow was the operator of a semitruck that collided with the rear of his vehicle, causing him to be injured. Id. at ¶¶15, 18. 

Plaintiff further alleges that Defendant Brunton owned the semi-truck that Barlow was operating

at the time of the collision. Id. at ¶ 4. Defendant Northland was Plaintiff’s property damage and 

bodily injury insurance carrier. Id. at ¶ 40. Defendant Anthem paid medical bills relating to

injuries Plaintiff sustained in the subject collision pursuant to Plaintiff’s employee health benefit 

plan. Id. at ¶ 51. 

STANDARD

Generally, a civil case brought in a state court may be removed by a defendant to federal 

court if it could have been brought there originally. 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a); Rogers v. Wal-Mart 

Stores, Inc., 230 F.3d 868, 871 (6th Cir. 2000). A federal court has original “diversity” 

jurisdiction where the suit is between citizens of different states and the amount in controversy 

exceeds $75,000.00, exclusive of costs and interests. 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). Rogers, 239 F.3d at 

871. 

When an action is removed based on diversity, a federal court must determine whether 

complete diversity exists at the time of removal. Coyne v. American Tobacco Co., 183 F.3d 488, 

492 (6th Cir. 1999). “Diversity jurisdiction attaches only when all parties on one side of the 

litigation are of a different citizenship from all parties on the other side of the litigation.” Id.

(quoting SHR Ltd. Partnership v. Braun, 888 F.2d 455, 456 (6th Cir. 1989)). The party seeking 

to bring the case into federal court carries the burden of establishing diversity jurisdiction. 

Certain Interested Underwriters at Lloyd’s, London, England v. Layne, 26 F.3d 39, 41 (6th Cir. 

Case: 2:12-cv-00747-EPD Doc #: 11 Filed: 12/18/12 Page: 2 of 8 PAGEID #: <pageID>
3

1994); Her Majesty The Queen in Right of the Province of Ontario v. City of Detroit, 874 F.2d 

332, 339 (6th Cir. 1989) (“The party seeking removal bears the burden of establishing its right 

thereto.”).

To determine whether diversity exists, a court must look beyond the designation of the 

parties in the pleadings. Safeco Ins. Co. of Am. v. City of White House, Tenn., 36 F.3d 540, 545 

(6th Cir. 1994) (citing Dawson v. Columbia Ave. Sav. Fund, 197 U.S. 178, 180 (1905)). Parties 

must “‘be aligned in accordance with the primary dispute in the controversy, even when a 

different, legitimate dispute between the parties supports the original alignment.’” Cleveland

Housing Renewal Project v. Deutsche Bank Trust Co., 621 F.3d 554, 559 (6th Cir. 2010) 

(quoting United States Fidelity and Guar. Co. v. Thomas Solvent Co., 955 F.2d 1085, 1089 (6th 

Cir. 1992)). It is a court’s duty to realign the parties according to their real interests. Safeco, 36 

F.3d at 545. Realignment may create or destroy diversity jurisdiction. Id. 

Fraudulent joinder of non-diverse defendants will not defeat removal on diversity 

grounds. Coyne, 183 F.3d at 492 (citing Alexander v. Electronic Data Sys. Corp., 13 F.3d 940, 

949 (6th Cir. 1994)). “Fraudulent joinder is a judicially created doctrine that provides an 

exception to the requirement of complete diversity.” Triggs v. John Crump Toyota, Inc., 154 

F.3d 1284, 1287 (11th Cir. 1998) (cited with approval by Coyne, 183 F.3d at 492). To prove 

fraudulent joinder, the removing party must present sufficient evidence that a plaintiff cannot 

establish a cause of action against the non-diverse defendants under state law. Alexander, 13 

F.3d at 949. A court must remand the action to state court, however, if there is a colorable basis 

for predicting that a plaintiff may recover against the non-diverse defendant. Coyne, 183 F.3d at

492. A court must resolve all doubts as to the propriety of removal in favor of remand. 

Alexander, 13 F.3d at 949. 

Case: 2:12-cv-00747-EPD Doc #: 11 Filed: 12/18/12 Page: 3 of 8 PAGEID #: <pageID>
4

ANALYSIS

1. Realignment/Fraudulent Joinder

Plaintiff argues that this case must be remanded to state court because complete diversity 

does not exist. Specifically, Plaintiff maintains that he has asserted a colorable cause of action 

against Ohio resident Anthem. (Pl.’s Mot. 4, ECF No. 7.) Anthem provided benefits under 

Plaintiff’s employee health benefit plan to pay for medical treatments for injuries relating to the 

subject collision. (Compl. ¶ 52, ECF No. 2.) Plaintiff first argues that he has asserted a 

colorable claim for declaratory relief against Anthem with respect to its contractual rights under 

the health benefit plan. (Pl.’s Mot. 5, ECF No. 7.) Plaintiff also contends that “Ohio law 

requires the joining of Defendant, Anthem, as a party Defendant to recover benefits it paid on 

behalf of Plaintiff.” Id. Plaintiff cites no authority for this proposition, however. Plaintiff 

finally asserts that he properly joined Anthem as a Defendant because Anthem’s “subrogation 

interest is directly related to whether or not Plaintiff . . . will be made whole and compensated for 

his injuries by Defendants.” Id. In support, Plaintiff cites an Ohio Supreme Court case, Buckeye 

v. Lawson, 103 Ohio St. 3d 188 (Ohio 2004). 

Defendants counter that Anthem’s only interest in this case is its subrogation rights 

relating to the medical bills it has already paid. (Defs.’ Op. 3, ECF No. 9.) Its subrogation 

rights, according to Defendants, permit Anthem to assume the rights and remedies of Plaintiff. 

Id. As such, Defendants urge the Court to re-align Anthem as a plaintiff. In the alternative, 

Defendants argue that Plaintiff has no colorable claim against Anthem, and that Anthem was 

thus fraudulently joined. Id. at 5, 6. 

The Court concludes that Anthem must be realigned as a plaintiff in this case. As 

Plaintiff alleges in his Complaint and acknowledges in his Motion for Remand, (Compl. ¶ 49, 

Case: 2:12-cv-00747-EPD Doc #: 11 Filed: 12/18/12 Page: 4 of 8 PAGEID #: <pageID>
5

ECF No. 2, Pl.’s Mot. 5, ECF No. 7), Anthem has a subrogation interest relating to the medical 

bills it paid as a result of injuries sustained in the subject collision. In the insurance context, 

subrogation “is the principle under which an insurer that has paid a loss under an insurance 

policy is entitled to all the rights and remedies belonging to the insured against a third party with 

respect to any loss covered by the policy.” Black’s Law Dictionary (7th Ed. 1999). In other 

words, subrogation rights allow the subrogee to “stand in the shoes of [the subrogor] and assert 

that person’s rights against the defendant.” Id. Thus, properly aligned, Anthem shares the same 

interests as Plaintiff. Indeed, Anthem could step into Plaintiff’s place and assert its own claim 

against Defendants in this case. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Zimmerman, No. 2004 CA 7, 2012 

WL 3038032, at *4 (Ohio Ct. App. 2004) (noting that a subrogee has the same rights as a 

subrogor in bringing an action against a tort-feasor defendant). The Court, therefore, concludes 

that Plaintiff’s Motion for Remand must be denied. 

Plaintiff’s Motion would also fail under a theory of fraudulent joinder. Even if the Court 

were to assume, arguendo, that Plaintiff could assert a colorable cause of action against Anthem

for declaratory relief as he says he does, (Pl.’s Mot. 5, ECF No. 7.), Plaintiff asserts no such 

claim in his Complaint. See In re Ford Motor Co. Crown Victoria Police Interceptor Prods.

Liab. Litig., No. 1:02-cv-15000, 2004 WL 1170145, at *15 (N.D. Ohio 2004) (“Because the 

Court is bound to look to only those pleadings in existence at the time of removal, the remand 

decision must be based on the allegations and claims set forth in the [Complaint].”); see also

Belle v. Ross Prods. Div. Abbott Labs., No. C2-01-677, 2002 WL 483535, at *2 (S.D. Ohio Mar. 

13, 2002) (noting that the propriety of removal is determined by the pleadings viewed as of the 

time the petition for removal is filed) (citing Albright v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 531 F.2d 

132 (3d. Cir. 1976)). Moreover, the Ohio Supreme Court case to which Plaintiff cites is 

Case: 2:12-cv-00747-EPD Doc #: 11 Filed: 12/18/12 Page: 5 of 8 PAGEID #: <pageID>
6

inapposite here. Nowhere in that case does the Ohio Supreme Court suggest that a Plaintiff must 

join its subrogee as a defendant in an action against a tort-feasor. Nor has Plaintiff pointed to 

any other colorable cause of action he might have against Anthem. 

2. Unanimous Consent to Removal 

Plaintiff next argues that the Court should remand this case to state court because not all 

of the Defendants consented to removal. When a case is removed to federal court based on 

diversity jurisdiction, all defendants who have been properly served or who are otherwise 

properly joined in the lawsuit must either join in removal or file a written consent to removal. 

Brierly v. Alusuisse Flexible Packaging, Inc., 184 F.3d 527, 533 (6th Cir. 1999). Courts have 

recognized three exceptions to this general rule: (1) the non-joining defendant has not been 

served with service of process at the time the petition of removal is filed; (2) the non-joining 

defendant is merely a nominal or formal party; and (3) the removed claim is a separate and 

independent claim as defined by 28 U.S.C. § 1441(c). Hicks v. Emery Worldwide, Inc., 254 F. 

Supp. 2d 968, 973 n.4 (S.D. Ohio 2003) (citing Klein v. Manor Healthcare Corp., Nos. 92-4328, 

92-4347, 1994 WL 91786, at *3 n.8 (6th Cir. 1994)). 

Here, Plaintiff argues that removal is inappropriate because although Defendants Barlow, 

Brunton and Northland consented to removal, Anthem did not. (Pl.’s Mot. 7, ECF No. 7.) 

Defendants counter that Anthem’s consent becomes unnecessary once the Court realigns Anthem 

as a plaintiff. (Def.’s Op. 4, ECF No. 9.) Defendants alternatively argue that Anthem’s consent 

is unnecessary either because it is only a “nominal” party, or because the removed claim is a 

separate and independent claim under 28 U.S.C. § 1441(C). Id.

The Court concludes that Anthem’s consent to removal is unnecessary in light of its 

determination that Anthem must be realigned as a plaintiff in this case. See Kucher v. Exceeding 

Case: 2:12-cv-00747-EPD Doc #: 11 Filed: 12/18/12 Page: 6 of 8 PAGEID #: <pageID>
7

Expectation, Inc., No. 1:12-cv-169, 2012 WL 3308892, at *2 (N.D.N.Y. Aug. 13, 2012) (noting 

that “consent . . . may be excused when the interests of a non-consenting or non-joining 

defendant are aligned with the plaintiff”); Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. 1400 Hampton Blvd, LLC, 

Nos 2:10-cv-310, 2:10-cv-343, 2010 WL 5476748, at *3 (E.D. Va. Dec. 2, 2010) (finding that 

consent to removal is not required from a party who has been realigned as a plaintiff). 

CONCLUSION

Accordingly, it is RECOMMENDED that Defendant Anthem Blue Cross and Blue 

Shield be REALIGNED AS A PLAINTIFF in this action. It is further RECOMMENDED

that Plaintiff’s Motion for Remand to State Court be DENIED. (ECF No. 7.) 

OBJECTIONS

If any party seeks review by the District Judge of this Report and Recommendation, they 

may, within fourteen (14) days, file and serve on all parties objections to the Report and 

Recommendation, specifically designating this Report and Recommendation, and the part in 

question, as well as the basis for objection. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b). 

Response to objections must be filed within fourteen (14) days after being served with a copy. 

Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b).

The parties are specifically advised that the failure to object to the Report and 

Recommendation will result in a waiver of the right to de novo review by the District Judge and 

waiver of the right to appeal the judgment of the District Court. See, e.g., Pfahler v. Nat’l Latex 

Prod. Co., 517 F.3d 816, 829 (6th Cir. 2007) (holding that “failure to object to the magistrate 

judge’s recommendations constituted a waiver of [the defendant’s] ability to appeal the district 

court’s ruling”); United States v. Sullivan, 431 F.3d 976, 984 (6th Cir. 2005) (holding that 

defendant waived appeal of district court’s denial of pretrial motion by failing to timely object to 

Case: 2:12-cv-00747-EPD Doc #: 11 Filed: 12/18/12 Page: 7 of 8 PAGEID #: <pageID>
8

magistrate judge's report and recommendation). Even when timely objections are filed, appellate 

review of issues not raised in those objections is waived. Robert v. Tesson, 507 F.3d 981, 994 

(6th Cir. 2007) (“[A] general objection to a magistrate judge’s report, which fails to specify the 

issues of contention, does not suffice to preserve an issue for appeal . . . .”) (citation omitted)).

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

Date: December 18, 2012 /s/ Elizabeth A. Preston Deavers 

 Elizabeth A. Preston Deavers

 United States Magistrate Judge

Case: 2:12-cv-00747-EPD Doc #: 11 Filed: 12/18/12 Page: 8 of 8 PAGEID #: <pageID>