D.C. TO RICHMOND SOUTHEAST HIGH SPEED RAIL

ARCHITECTURAL RECONNAISSANCE Rͳ14SURVEY, FBBP SEGMENT ΈSEGMENT 21Ή
January 2017

Archaeological and Architectural Phase IA Study

for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia 

High Speed Rail Project 

Fredericksburg Bypass (FBBP) Segment,

Stafford, Caroline, and Spotsylvania Counties
Archaeological and Architectural Phase IA Study for the 

Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia 

High Speed Rail Project

Fredericksburg Bypass (FBBP) Segment, 

Stafford, Caroline, and Spotsylvania Counties

by

Heather Dollins Staton, D. Brad Hatch, and Emily Calhoun

Prepared for

Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation

600 E. Main Street, Suite 2102 

Richmond, Virginia 23219 

Prepared by

DC2RVA Project Team

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 

Richmond, Virginia 23219 

January 2017 

Kerri S. Barile, Principal Investigator Date 

January 12, 2017
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail i Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

ABSTRACT 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and 

Public Transportation (DRPT), conducted a Phase IA cultural resource study of the 

Fredericksburg Bypass (FBBP) segment of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond Southeast High 

Speed Rail (DC2RVA) Project. The proposed Project is being completed under the auspices of 

the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) in conjunction with DRPT. Because of FRA’s 

involvement, the undertaking is required to comply with the National Environmental Policy 

Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. The 

Project is being completed as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) File Review 

#2014-0666. 

The DC2RVA corridor is divided into 22 segments and this document focuses on the FBBP 

segment only. This report includes background data that will place each recorded resource 

within context and the results of the preliminary architectural and archaeological fieldwork. 

The reconnaissance-level architectural survey of all other segments and the Phase I 

archaeological survey are discussed in separate reports. For the purposes of the current report, 

the architectural area of potential effects (APE) is defined as extending 500 feet (152.4 m) on 

either side of the center of the existing railroad or limits of disturbance (LOD) alignment except 

in urban areas, where the APE is limited to one city block to either side of the existing rail 

centerline, plus any areas where alterations to a resource’s setting and feeling are likely to occur 

as a result of the Project. The archaeological APE includes the footprint of physical 

improvements associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any 

associated roadwork. This report details the findings of all above-ground resources over 48 

years of age within the FBBP architectural APE (the age limit was developed to correspond with 

the anticipated 2017 project completion date) and the findings of the Phase IA archaeological 

survey. This is a preliminary evaluation document designed to aid in project planning; the 

ensuing results provide the project team with information on additional Phase IB identificationlevel studies warranted to achieve cultural resource compliance. 

In total, 135 above-ground resources over 48 years old were noted from the roadway during the 

vehicular survey. Of those, the DC2RVA Team identified five resources (016-5110, 088-0271, 

088-0280, 088-5413, and 088-5481) that were included in the reconnaissance-level architectural 

surveys for other segments. As such, a revisit is not required as part of current future survey. Of 

the remaining 130 resources, seven are previously recorded and 123 are previously unrecorded. 

The Team recommends that all 130 of those resources should be the subject of a Phase IB 

identification-level study to render recommendations on potential National Register of Historic 

Places (NRHP) eligibility. 

The FBBP archaeological APE encompasses approximately 308.9-acres (125-ha). The vast 

majority of the northern portion of the APE in Stafford County, northwest of Federal Drive, has 

been disturbed by construction related to the existing railroad alignment, known as the 

Dahlgren Spur. Once the APE crosses Federal Drive, it remains along the current railroad 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail ii Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

alignment, but the rural nature of the area indicates that subsurface testing may be possible in 

some portions of the APE. North of the crossing with Kings Highway, the APE leaves the 

existing rail corridor and is defined by new alignment, most of which is completely testable 

with the exception of a portion located north of the Rappahannock River that crosses through a 

sand mine. As the project corridor enters Caroline and Spotsylvania counties, it is defined 

primarily by active agricultural fields and wooded parcels, the vast majority of which are 

testable. Two potential Civil War earthworks were noted within the project corridor in Caroline 

County. Both of these features are likely related to the Winter 1862–1863 Confederate 

encampments in the area. The APE remains generally testable until it rejoins the existing rail 

alignment in Spotsylvania County, at which point it is heavily disturbed by construction related 

to the existing rail line. In total, 263.1 acres (106.5 ha) of the overall archaeological APE were 

identified as not disturbed and suitable for Phase IB subsurface survey. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail iii Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ i

Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... iii

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Project Location .......................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.2 Project Description ..................................................................................................................... 1-6

2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT .............................................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Geology ....................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.3 Soils .............................................................................................................................................. 2-1

3. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 3-1

4. BACKGROUND REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1 Previous Surveys ........................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.2 Previously Recorded Architectural Resources ...................................................................... 4-2

4.3 Previously Recoreded Archaeological Resources ................................................................. 4-4

5. RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Architectural Results ................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.2 Archaeological Results ............................................................................................................ 5-14

6. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 6-1

7. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 7-1

APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND REVIEW TABLE ........................................................................... A-1

APPENDIX B: FBBP SEGMENT MAPS WITH ARCHITECTURAL APE ..................................... B-1

APPENDIX C: ASBP SEGMENT MAPS WITH ARCHAEOLOGICAL PHASE IA RESULTS ... C-1

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: SEHSR Corridor .................................................................................................................. 1-2

Figure 1-2: DC2RVA Project Corridor .................................................................................................. 1-4

Figure 1-3: DC2RVA Project Segments Noting the FBBP (21) Segment .......................................... 1-5

Figure 1-4: Detail of the FBBP Segment ............................................................................................... 1-8
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail iv Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

Figure 5-1: 9 Fairfax Circle (Temp Number 52), Northeast Elevation ........................................ 5-11

Figure 5-2: 11 Fairfax Circle (Temp Number 53), Northeast Elevation ...................................... 5-11

Figure 5-3: 94 Cool Springs Road (Temp Number 3), Northeast Oblique ................................. 5-12

Figure 5-4: 161 Forest Lane Road (Temp Number 18), SoutHeast Elevation ............................ 5-12

Figure 5-5: 648 Caisson Road (Temp Number 20), West Oblique ............................................... 5-13

Figure 5-6: 662 Caisson Road (Temp Number 22), West Oblique ............................................... 5-13

Figure 5-7: Maple Road Overview (Temp Numbers 120, 121, and 122), 

Looking Southeast .......................................................................................................... 5-14

Figure 5-8: View of the Intersection of White Oak, Cool Springs, Butler, and Deacon 

Roads Showing Disturbance from Road Construction and Utilities, 

Facing Northwest ........................................................................................................... 5-15

Figure 5-9: View of Disturbance from Road Construction at the Intersection of 

Cool Springs Road and Debruen Lane, Facing North .............................................. 5-16

Figure 5-10: View of APE Along the Dahlgren Spur at its Intersection with Cool Springs 

Road Showing Construction Disturbance, Facing Southeast .................................. 5-16

Figure 5-11: View of Grading Disturbance along Western Side of Cool Springs Road, 

Facing Southeast ............................................................................................................. 5-17

Figure 5-12: View along Old White Oak Road Alignment Showing Disturbance, 

Facing South .................................................................................................................... 5-17

Figure 5-13: View of APE at Debruen Lane Crossing Showing Disturbance from 

Grading and Railroad Construction, Facing West .................................................... 5-18

Figure 5-14: View of Former Landfill Disturbance near the Intersection of the APE with 

Hot Top Road, Facing South ......................................................................................... 5-18 

Figure 5-15: View of Grading Disturbance within APE Northeast of the Intersection with 

Ferry Road, Facing Southwest ...................................................................................... 5-19

Figure 5-16: View of Grading Disturbance in APE Associated with Railroad Construction 

and Commercial Development Southwest of Ferry Road, Facing Southwest ...... 5-20

Figure 5-17: View of APE along Mt. Vernon Avenue, Facing Northwest ................................... 5-20

Figure 5-18: View of Railroad Construction Disturbance and Steep Slope in APE near 

Federal Drive, Facing Northwest ................................................................................. 5-21

Figure 5-19: View of Wooded Setting near Cleek Lane Showing Minimal Disturbance from 

Rail Construction, Facing Northwest .......................................................................... 5-22

Figure 5-20: View of Road Improvement Area along Little Falls Road, Facing Southwest ...... 5-23

Figure 5-21: View of Road Improvement Area along Forest Lane Road, Facing Northeast ..... 5-23

Figure 5-22: View of Area where the Project Corridor Crosses Kings Highway, 

Facing North ................................................................................................................... 5-24

Figure 5-23: View along Kings Highway within Project Corridor, Facing West ........................ 5-24
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail v Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

Figure 5-24: View of Project Corridor South of Kings Highway, Facing North ......................... 5-25

Figure 5-25: View of Sand Mine Disturbance within the Project Corridor, Facing East ............ 5-25

Figure 5-26: View of Wooded Portion of the Project Corridor North of the Rappahannock 

River, Facing South ........................................................................................................ 5-26

Figure 5-27: View of Area where Project Corridor Crosses the Rappahannock River, 

Facing Northeast ............................................................................................................ 5-27

Figure 5-28: View of the Project Corridor Immediately South of the Rappahannock River 

Crossing, Facing Southwest .......................................................................................... 5-27

Figure 5-29: View of Project Corridor at Tidewater Trail Crossing, Facing West ...................... 5-28

Figure 5-30: View of Project Corridor Traversing Agricultural Fields South of 

Tidewater Trail, Facing Northeast ............................................................................... 5-28

Figure 5-31: View of Large Pond within Project Corridor, Facing Northwest ............................ 5-29

Figure 5-32: View of Drainage Disturbance in Project Corridor, Facing North .......................... 5-29

Figure 5-33: View of the Northernmost Earthwork within the Project Corridor, Facing 

Northwest ........................................................................................................................ 5-30

Figure 5-34: View of Southernmost Earthwork within Project Corridor, Facing Southeast ..... 5-30

Figure 5-35: View of Road Improvement Area along Fredericksburg Turnpike, 

Facing North ................................................................................................................... 5-31

Figure 5-36: View of Maintained Trails in Project Corridor, Facing East .................................... 5-32

Figure 5-37: View of Wooded Parcel within Project Corridor, Facing East ................................. 5-32

Figure 5-38: View of House Lot and Gravel Driveway within Project Corridor along 

Pinecrest Lane, Facing Northeast ................................................................................. 5-33

Figure 5-39: View of Road Improvement Area along Thornton Rolling Road, 

Facing North ................................................................................................................... 5-33

Figure 5-40: View of Project Corridor along Patriot Lane, Facing South ..................................... 5-34

Figure 5-41: View of Powerline Corridor Crossing the Project Corridor, Facing North ........... 5-34

Figure 5-42: View of Gasline Corridor Crossing Project Corridor, Facing South ...................... 5-35

Figure 5-43: View of Railroad Construction Disturbance within Project Corridor near 

Summit Crossing Road, Facing Northeast ................................................................. 5-35

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 5-1: Summary of Noted Above-Ground Resources Over 48 Years Old in the 

APE and Recommendations ........................................................................................... 5-2 

Table 6-1: Summary of Noted Above-Ground Resources Over 48 Years in APE and 

Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 6-2
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail vi Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

Table A-1: Previously Recorded Resources Within 0.5 Miles (0.8 km) of the 

Architectural APE ........................................................................................................... A-1

Table A-2: Previously Recorded Resources Within 0.5 Miles (0.8 km) of the 

Archaeological APE ...................................................................................................... A-16
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

INTRODUCTION 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and 

Public Transportation (DRPT), conducted a Phase IA cultural resource study of the 

Fredericksburg Bypass (FBBP) segment of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond High Speed Rail 

(DC2RVA) Project (Figure 1-1). In addition to the preliminary reconnaissance-level survey, this 

project includes a background review and historic context for the FBBP segment. The project is 

being completed as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) File #2014-0666. This 

preliminary evaluation document is designed to aid in project planning; the ensuing results 

provide the project team with information on additional Phase IB identification-level studies 

warranted to achieve cultural resource compliance for the FBBP segment. 

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and DRPT propose passenger rail service and rail 

infrastructure improvements in the north-south travel corridor between Washington, D.C. and 

Richmond, VA. These passenger rail service and rail infrastructure improvements are 

collectively known as the DC2RVA Project. The Project will deliver higher speed passenger rail 

service, increase passenger and freight rail capacity, and improve passenger rail service 

frequency and reliability in a corridor shared by growing volumes of passenger, commuter, and 

freight rail traffic, thereby providing a competitive option for travelers going between 

Washington, D.C. and Richmond and those traveling to and from adjacent connecting corridors. 

The Project is part of the larger Southeast High Speed Rail (SEHSR) corridor (Figure 1-1), which 

extends from Washington, D.C. through Richmond, VA, and from Richmond continues east to 

Hampton Roads (Norfolk), VA and south to Charlotte, NC, and then continues west to Atlanta 

and south to Florida. The Project connects to the National Railroad Passenger Corporation 

(Amtrak) Northeast Corridor (NEC) at Union Station in Washington, D.C. 

The purpose of the SEHSR program, as stated in the 2002 Tier I Final Environmental Impact 

Statement (EIS) completed for the full SEHSR corridor, is to provide a competitive 

transportation choice to travelers within the Washington, D.C. to Charlotte travel corridor. The 

purpose of the current Washington, D.C. to Richmond SEHSR project described here is to fulfill 

the purpose of the SEHSR Tier I EIS within this segment of the larger SEHSR corridor. The 

Project, by increasing rail capacity and improving travel times between Washington, D.C. and 

Richmond, will improve passenger train performance and reliability in the corridor, enabling 

intercity passenger rail to be a competitive transportation choice for travelers between 

Washington, D.C. and Richmond and beyond. 

Given FRA’s funding involvement and permitting through various other federal agencies, the 

DC2RVA project is required to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation 

Act of 1966, as amended, and its implementing regulations under 36CFR800. Additionally, all 

cultural resource work was designed to comply with the Virginia Antiquities Act (Code of 

Virginia § 10.1-2300) and guidelines and regulations promulgated by the DHR as necessary. 

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Durham

Denmark

Savannah

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Overview of the

SEHSR Corridor

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 40 80

Miles

Basemap Source: 2014

ESRI World Light Gray Base

Figure 1-1

1 inch=80 miles

@ 8.5 x 11 inches

Southeast High

Speed Rail (SEHSR)

Segment Status

Charlotte to

Atlanta

Tier I EIS

Washington

D.C. to

Richmond

Tier II EIS

Richmond to

Raleigh

Tier II EIS

Raleigh to

Charlotte

Richmond to

Hampton

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Tier I EIS

SEHSR

Extended

Feasibility Studies

Complete
INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

1.1 PROJECT LOCATION 

The Washington, D.C. to Richmond corridor spans 123 miles (197 km) along an existing rail 

corridor owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) between Control Point RO (milepost [MP] CFP 

110) in Arlington, VA to the CSXT A-Line and S-Line junction at MP A-11 in Centralia, VA 

(Chesterfield County) (Figure 1-2). For the purposes of engineering and environmental 

planning, the DC2RVA corridor has been subdivided into 22 segments that correspond with 

improvements and alternatives, and as such have been named and numbered from north to 

south (Figure 1-3). At the northern terminus in Arlington, VA, the Project limit ends at the 

southern approach to Long Bridge, a double-track rail bridge taking the rail corridor over the 

Potomac River; however, the northern terminus of Union Station in Washington, D.C. will be 

used for ridership and revenue forecasting, as well as service development planning within the 

Project corridor. The southern terminus in Centralia is the junction of two CSXT routes that 

begin in Richmond and rejoin approximately 11 miles (17.7 km) south of the city. 

Additional segments of the Project include approximately 8.3 miles (13.36 km) of the CSXT 

Peninsula Subdivision CA-Line from Beulah Road (MP CA-76.1) in Henrico County, VA to AM 

Junction in the City of Richmond, and the approximately 26-mile (41.84-km) Buckingham 

Branch Railroad (BBR) from AM Junction to the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railway 

(RF&P) Crossing (MP CA-111.8) in Doswell, VA. 

Proposed improvements are along CSXT-owned track, generally parallel to the I-95 corridor 

between northern Virginia and Richmond. From north to south, the project travels through the 

following counties and cities: 

 Arlington County 

 City of Alexandria 

 Fairfax County 

 Prince William County 

 Stafford County 

 City of Fredericksburg 

 Spotsylvania County 

 Caroline County 

 Hanover County 

 Henrico County 

 City of Richmond 

 Chesterfield County 

In Arlington, the Project connects to existing CSXT track extending across the Potomac River on 

the Long Bridge into Washington, D.C. and Union Station, the southern terminus of Amtrak’s 

Northeast Corridor (NEC). At Centralia, the Project connects to both the Richmond to Raleigh 

segment of the SEHSR corridor and the Richmond to Hampton Roads segment of the SEHSR 

corridor. 

 
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Overview of the

DC2RVA Project

Corridor

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 7 14

Miles

DC2RVA Project

Corridor

Virginia Rail Lines

1 inch=14 miles

@ 8.5 x 11 inches

Figure 1-2

Basemap Source: 2015 Bing Maps

Road (Microsoft Corporation

and its data suppliers)

RF&P

RF&P

A-Line

Buckingham

Branch

Railroad

AM Junction

S-Line

Peninsula

Subdivision

Doswell

Centralia

Arlington

(RO)

Acca

Yard

INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-6 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

The Washington, D.C. to Richmond segment is an integral part of the overall 

Washington, D.C. to Charlotte SEHSR corridor and provides a critical link between high speed 

intercity passenger service from Boston to Washington, D.C. and the southeastern United States. 

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

The DC2RVA project will include specific rail infrastructure improvements and service 

upgrades intended to improve the travel time, service frequency, and on-time performance of 

passenger trains operating between Washington, D.C. and Richmond, VA. Specific 

improvements to the existing rail infrastructure between Arlington, VA, and Centralia, VA 

include: 

 Corridor-wide upgrades to existing track and signal systems to achieve higher operating 

speeds, including curve realignments, higher-speed crossovers between tracks, passing 

sidings, and grade crossing improvements. 

 Corridor-wide improvements to train operating capacity to achieve higher passenger 

train service frequency and reliability, including an additional main track along most of 

the corridor, and additional controlled sidings, crossovers, yard bypasses and leads, and 

other capacity and reliability improvements at certain locations. 

 Station and platform improvements for Amtrak and Virginia Railway Express (VRE) 

stations. 

The Tier II EIS being completed for the Project will assess the environmental impacts of these 

improvements and identify ways to avoid, minimize, or otherwise mitigate such impacts. 

The Project may include locations for new or replacement intercity passenger stations on the 

Project corridor, and additional rail capacity and other improvements in the Richmond area, 

including on the CSXT Peninsula Subdivision from AM Junction in Richmond, VA (just north of 

Main Street Station) east to Beulah Road in Henrico County, and on the bypass areas around the 

Town of Ashland, VA and the City of Fredericksburg, VA. 

Studies in support of the Project will address passenger and freight rail operations and service 

between Union Station in Washington, D.C. and Richmond and beyond, but the Project does 

not include physical improvements to the Long Bridge across the Potomac River or to rail 

infrastructure within Washington, D.C. Other projects will address improvements to the rail 

infrastructure north of Arlington and south of Centralia along the SEHSR corridor. 

1.3 CURRENT STUDY 

The current study included a Phase IA cultural resource study of the FBBP segment of the 

DC2RVA corridor (Figure 1-4). The current study was designed to provide preliminary 

information on the APE and outline the potential for the area to contain NRHP-eligible cultural 

resources for planning purposes. As such, this initial study included a background review to 

identify previously recorded resources within the project footprint and within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) 

of the architectural APE, a historic map review, a vehicular and partial pedestrian 

reconnaissance of the APE and surrounding viewshed to inspect the FBBP segment in 

consideration for archaeological potential and to note above-ground resources over 48 years in 

age (the age limit was developed to correspond to the anticipated 2017 project completion date), 
INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-7 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

the development of a list of architectural properties to be recorded during subsequent Phase Ilevel studies, and maps showing the areas where archaeological Phase I identification-level 

survey would be needed. 

For the purposes of the current report, the archaeological APE includes the footprint of physical 

improvements associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any 

associated roadwork, and all associated facilities. The architectural APE is defined as extending 

500 feet (152.4 m) on either side of the center of the existing railroad or limits of disturbance 

(LOD) alignment except in urban areas, where the APE is limited to one city block to either side 

of the existing rail centerline, plus any areas where alterations to a resource’s setting and feeling 

are likely to occur as a result of the Project. 

 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 3-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT 

The FBBP segment lies east and south of Fredericksburg, VA, creating a loop to the east of the 

city. The northern portion of the segment in Stafford County traverses commercial and 

suburban development along the existing rail line. Once the segment leaves the existing rail, it 

is generally defined by active agricultural fields and woodlots interspersed with rural home 

sites through southern Stafford, Caroline, and Spotsylvania counties. As the segment 

approaches the existing rail line in Spotsylvania County, residential development increases and 

the APE shifts from a rural to suburban character. 

2.1 HYDROLOGY 

The FBBP segment is drained by the Rappahannock River, which the APE spans. The 

Rappahannock River enters the Chesapeake Bay approximately 75 miles (120.7 km) southeast of 

the corridor. The Chesapeake Bay then joins the Atlantic Ocean between Cape Charles and 

Cape Henry. 

2.2 GEOLOGY 

The FBBP segment is located within in the inner Coastal Plain physiographic province. 

Sediments of the Lower Pleistocene Charles City Formation underlie the majority of the 

corridor in this segment. These sediments, initially deposited in a shallow marine environment, 

comprise an upward-fining sequence of gravels, sands, and silts. Lower Tertiary glauconitic 

quartz sands with shell and lime are present in the southern end of the APE for this segment. 

2.3 SOILS 

Fertile, well-drained soils attracted both humans and game over millennia. Wild grasses, fruits, 

and seeds, consumed by people before and after adoption of agriculture, flourished in such 

settings. Numerous archaeologists have cited the correlation between the distribution of level to 

gently sloping, well-drained, fertile soils and archaeological sites (e.g., Lukezic 1990; Potter 

1993; Turner 1976; Ward 1965). Soil scientists classify soils according to natural and artificial 

fertility and the threat posed by erosion and flooding, among other attributes. Soil Classes 1 and 

2 represent the most fertile soils, those best suited for not only agriculture but for a wide range 

of uses. Soil productivity must be considered in relation to the productivity of the surrounding 

soils. 

Thirty-five soil types are mapped within the FBBP archaeological APE (Table 2-1). The Class 1 

Wickham sandy loam and Wickham fine sandy loam, which comprise over 3 percent of the 

APE, indicate the highest probability locations for prehistoric and historic sites. Additionally, 

the Class 2 Abell sandy loam, Altavista fine sandy loam, Bama sandy loam, Bourne fine sandy 

2
HISTORIC CONTEXT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

loam, Caroline fine sandy loam, Dogue loam, Emporia sandy loam, Faceville-Varina complex, 

Iuka fine sandy loam, Kempsville gravelly sandy loam, Kempsville-Emporia complex, 

Mattaponi sandy loam, Savannah sandy loam, Turbeville loam, Wickham fine sandy loam, and 

Wickham sandy loam, which make up almost 24 percent of the APE, also indicate highprobability locations for prehistoric and historic sites. Developed or otherwise disturbed soils, 

such as cut and fill land, sand and gravel pits, and the Udorthents-Udifluvents complex, 

indicate that if archaeological sites are present they are likely disturbed or destroyed. 

TABLE 2-1: SOIL TYPES WITHIN THE APE 

Soil Type Slope Class Description Area 

(ac) 

Percentage 

of APE 

Abell sandy loam 2-7 percent 2 Moderately well drained 0.01 0.0% 

Alluvial land N/A 4 Poorly to moderately well 

drained 7.61 2.5% 

Altavista fine sandy loam 0-2 percent 2 Moderately well drained 18.69 6.0% 

Altavista fine sandy loam 2-6 percent 2 Moderately well drained 13.00 4.2% 

Augusta loam N/A 3 Somewhat poorly drained 9.71 3.1% 

Aura-Galestown-Sassafras 

complex 15-30 percent 7 Well drained 12.14 3.9% 

Aura-Galestown-Sassafras 

complex 6-15 percent 3 Well drained 6.46 2.1% 

Bama sandy loam 2-7 percent 2 Well drained 0.47 0.2% 

Bibb fine sandy loam 0-4 percent 5 Poorly drained 7.17 2.3% 

Bourne fine sandy loam 0-2 percent 2 Moderately well drained 0.07 0.0% 

Bourne fine sandy loam 2-6 percent 2 Moderately well drained 3.57 1.2% 

Bourne fine sandy loam 6-10 percent 

slopes 3 Eroded, moderately well drained 0.16 0.1% 

Caroline fine sandy loam 2-6 percent slopes 2 Eroded, well drained 0.57 0.2% 

Caroline fine sandy loam 6-10 percent 

slopes 3 Eroded, well drained 1.86 0.6% 

Cartecay fine sandy loam N/A 5 Somewhat poorly drained 2.34 0.8% 

Congaree loam N/A 3 Well drained 2.08 0.7% 

Cut and fill land N/A Null Null 0.36 0.1% 

Dogue loam 2-6 percent 2 Moderately well drained 0.68 0.2% 

Dystrochrepts-Udults complex N/A 6 

Moderately steep, 

somewhat excessively 

drained 

8.68 2.8% 

Dystrochrepts-Udults complex N/A 4 Sloping, somewhat 

excessively drained 7.94 2.6% 

Dystrochrepts-Udults complex N/A 7 Steep, somewhat 41.63 13.5% 
HISTORIC CONTEXT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 2-1: SOIL TYPES WITHIN THE APE 

Soil Type Slope Class Description Area 

(ac) 

Percentage 

of APE 

excessively drained 

Emporia sandy loam 2-7 percent 2 Well drained 0.36 0.1% 

Faceville-Varina complex 2-7 percent 2 Well drained 4.21 1.4% 

Faceville-Varina complex, 7 to 

15 percent slopes, eroded 7-15 percent 4 Eroded, well drained 1.48 0.5% 

Fluvaquents-Udifluvents 

complex N/A 6 Poorly drained 1.26 0.4% 

Iuka fine sandy loam 0-4 percent 2 Moderately well drained 2.73 0.9% 

Kempsville gravelly sandy loam 2-7 percent 2 Well drained 0.12 0.0% 

Kempsville gravelly sandy loam 7-15 percent 4 Well drained 14.50 4.7% 

Kempsville-Emporia complex 2-6 percent 2 Well drained 4.85 1.6% 

Kempsville-Emporia complex 6-10 percent 3 Well drained 9.91 3.2% 

Kempsville-Emporia-Remlik 

complex 15-50 percent 6 Well drained 8.85 2.9% 

Mattaponi sandy clay loam 7-15 percent 4 Eroded, moderately well 

drained 13.47 4.4% 

Mattaponi sandy loam 2-7 percent 2 Moderately well drained 0.85 0.3% 

Nevarc sandy loam 15-50 percent 6 Moderately well drained 1.16 0.4% 

Pits, gravel 0-3 percent 8 Null 2.41 0.8% 

Roanoke silt loam 0-2 percent 5 Poorly drained 3.67 1.2% 

Sand and gravel pits N/A Null Null 7.72 2.5% 

Savannah sandy loam 2-7 percent 2 Moderately well drained 0.42 0.1% 

Slagle-Kempsville complex 2-15 percent 3 Moderately well drained 8.27 2.7% 

Tomotley-Roanoke complex 0-2 percent 4 Poorly drained 10.89 3.5% 

Turbeville loam 2-6 percent 2 Well drained 6.81 2.2% 

Turbeville loam 6-15 percent 

slopes 3 Eroded, well drained 6.14 2.0% 

Udorthents-Udifluvents 

complex N/A Null Gently sloping 15.64 5.1% 

Water N/A Null Null 1.32 0.4% 

Wehadkee silt loam 0-2 percent 6 Frequently flooded, poorly 

drained 1.12 0.4% 

Wehadkee very fine sandy 

loam 0-2 percent 6 Poorly drained 3.54 1.1% 

Wickham fine sandy loam 0-2 percent 1 Well drained 7.07 2.3% 
HISTORIC CONTEXT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-4 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 2-1: SOIL TYPES WITHIN THE APE 

Soil Type Slope Class Description Area 

(ac) 

Percentage 

of APE 

Wickham fine sandy loam 2-6 percent 2 Well drained 13.34 4.3% 

Wickham fine sandy loam 6-12 percent 3 Eroded, well drained 3.49 1.1% 

Wickham sandy loam 0-2 percent 1 Well drained 3.55 1.1% 

Wickham sandy loam 2-6 percent 2 Well drained 2.28 0.7% 

Wickham sandy loam 6-12 percent 3 Well drained 2.28 0.7% 

Source: Soil Survey Staff 2016

 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 3-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

METHODOLOGY 

The current study included a Phase IA cultural resource study of the FBBP segment of the 

DC2RVA corridor (see Figure 1-3). In addition to the survey, a background review and historic 

context of the FBBP segment was completed. The background review consisted of searching the 

DHR site and survey file records, as well as examining historic maps of the area, to assess the 

potential of the APE to contain significant cultural resources. This research included an 

investigation of records on previous cultural resource investigations and previously recorded 

archaeological sites and architectural properties within a 0.5-mile (0.8 km) radius of the APE to 

understand the previously recorded cultural context of the APE. 

Although the work did not include in-depth historical research on all of the parcels within the 

APE, a historic map review provided information on general historic land use and area 

occupants. Maps from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were consulted. This information 

provided data on the potential for unrecorded resources in the project vicinity. 

The DC2RVA Team compiled prehistoric and historic contexts for the three counties through 

which the FBBP segment extends: Stafford, Caroline, and Spotsylvania. These were all done as 

part of previous reconnaissance-level architectural reports (Manning and Salvato 2016; Staton 

and Lesiuk 2015; Staton et al. 2016) as well as the archaeological background review and 

predictive model report (Klein et al. 2015). As such, those historic contexts were not included in 

the current report. 

The goals of the fieldwork were to identify any areas that could warrant Phase IB archaeological 

survey and locate above-ground resources over 48 years in age that may require identificationlevel (Phase IB) study. No subsurface fieldwork or recordation of buildings, districts, objects, 

structures, or sites was completed during this study. The survey methodology employed to 

meet these archaeological goals was chosen with regard to the project’s scope (i.e., provide 

important data on the integrity of surface and subsurface deposits and identify potential 

archaeological sites) and local field conditions. Topographic maps and development plans for 

the parcels were also used to identify areas that had the potential for intact soils and note 

remains of historic properties. 

Data obtained during the background review, historic map review, available environmental 

data and field survey was then used to determine a recommended level of effort for the Phase 

IB archaeological study. A description of the variables and ensuing results can be found in the 

results section below. For above-ground resources, the DC2RVA Team generated a table listing 

all architectural resources over 48 years in age within the project parcels and a 0.5-mile (0.8-km) 

radius of the APE. 

3
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

BACKGROUND REVIEW 

Prior to conducting fieldwork, Dovetail conducted a background review of the FBBP segment of 

the DC2RVA Project to identify previously recorded above- and below-ground resources within 

a 0.5-mile (0.8-km) radius around the APE. This task included an evaluation of DHR files, maps, 

and reports and Civil War Sites Advisory Committee (CWSAC) maps to obtain the required 

information. The goal was to provide data on previously recorded resources to aid in the 

evaluation of properties identified during the current survey. 

4.1 PREVIOUS SURVEYS 

Seven previous cultural resource surveys have been conducted within or in the immediate 

vicinity of the FBBP APE’s, resulting in the identification of both archaeological sites and aboveground resources in the area. These surveys and results pertinent to the current investigation 

are summarized in the following paragraphs. 

An initial archaeological survey of Route 3 East-West connector was completed in 1976 by 

Wayne E. Clark (Clark 1976). This investigation identified four archaeological sites, three of 

which had the potential to be impacted by the proposed construction and were recommended 

for further evaluation prior to project completion. 

In 1989, the James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc. (JRIA), conducted a Phase I 

archaeological survey of 4 acres (1.62 ha) on the Ferry Farm property (JRIA 1989). The survey 

identified a small historic site consisting of a concentration of nails and a light lithic scatter 

constituting a prehistoric site. The historic site was recommended for further investigations, 

while the prehistoric scatter was not. Harrison, III and Adams, of Harrison and Associates, also 

completed a Phase I survey on the Ferry Farm property (Harrison, III and Adams 1990). Their 

survey of 30 acres (12.14 ha) identified one archaeological site, 44ST0172, a prehistoric site 

which was recommended not eligible for NRHP listing. 

The Archaeological Research Center of Virginia Commonwealth University completed a Phase I 

cultural resources survey on approximately 28 acres (11.33 ha) for the proposed improvements 

to Route 218 in Stafford County in 1992 (McLearen et al. 1992). No archaeological sites were 

identified during the survey. Within the project footprint and the project viewshed, 19 aboveground historic architectural resources were identified. All 19 were recommended not eligible 

for listing in the NRHP. 

In 1998, L. Daniel Mouer of Archaeology and Historic Preservation Consulting conducted a 

Phase I cultural resources survey on a 27-acre (10.93-ha) tract of land associated with the 

Sherwood Forest House in Stafford County. Mouer found that the lot did not contain 

architectural remains and “the proposed development will not impact on the Sherwood Forest 

house and the grounds or vistas which are significant to the historic nature of the house” 

4
BACKGROUND REVIEW 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

(Mouer 1998:i). Two archaeological sites were identified during this investigation, both of which 

were recommended not eligible for listing on the NRHP. 

A Phase I cultural resources survey of 895 acres (362.2 ha) was conducted by Cultural 

Resources, Inc. (CRI) in 2003 and April through June 2006 and was completed as part of the 

Sherwood Development project in Stafford County (CRI 2006). During the architectural survey, 

CRI staff surveyed the previously recorded Sherwood Forest (089-0014), which comprised a 

mid-eighteenth century dwelling, kitchen, smokehouse, well/pumphouse, secondary dwelling, 

office, barn, earthworks, dairy barn complex, cemetery, and roadway. In addition to these 

known resources, they identified one additional secondary resource to Sherwood Forest: a noncontributing dilapidated barn. DHR staff determined that Sherwood Forest is eligible for the 

NRHP in 1994. As such, CRI recommended that viewshed analysis be completed to assess any 

effects or impacts the proposed development might have on this property. Two newly 

identified above-ground resources were surveyed during this study and recommended not 

eligible for listing in the NRHP. The archeological investigations resulted in the identification of 

one previously recorded site (44ST0010) and 16 newly recorded sites (44ST0615, 44ST0832 

through 44ST0846). Six of these sites were recommended as potentially eligible for listing on the 

NRHP, while the remaining 11 were recommended not eligible for listing on the NRHP. 

In 2004, Geier and Lotts completed An Overview and Assessment of Archaeological Resources and 

Landscapes within Lands Managed by Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park. 

Archaeological assessments and/or surveys of archaeological resources on the properties 

included within Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville Battlefields and the associated National 

Park Service properties of Chatham and “Stonewall” Jackson Shrine were undertaken, resulting 

in a series of management recommendations for the resources within the Park (Geier and Lotts 

2004). 

4.2 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES 

A total of 322 previously recorded architectural properties have been recorded within 0.5 miles 

(0.8 km) of the FBBP segment architectural APE (see Appendix A). One resource, Ferry 

Farm/George Washington’s Boyhood Home (089-0016), was listed in the Virginia Landmark 

Register (VLR) in 1971 and the NRHP in 1972, and was also designated as a National Historic 

Landmark (NHL) in 2000. The farm is nationally significant for being the boyhood home of 

George Washington. 

Seven additional resources are listed in VLR and NRHP, including two historic districts: 

Fredericksburg Historic District (111-0132) and the Falmouth Historic District (089-0067). The 

Fredericksburg Historic District, located along the banks of the Rappahannock River, 

“encompasses an important assemblage of eighteenth, nineteenth, and early-twentieth century 

architectural styles” (Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission 1970). Numerous buildings 

within the district are also individually eligible for, or listed in, the NRHP. These resources are 

described below. The Falmouth Historic District is “broadly representative of the vernacular 

architecture of the Upper Coastal Plain region of the late eighteenth and early to mid-twentieth 

centuries” (Traum 2013). This district was listed in the NRHP under Criteria A, C, and D in 

1970. The remaining five NRHP-listed resources are individual properties. Prospect Hill (016-

0019) is a Greek Revival dwelling constructed in 1842. This brick, central-passage building has 

Flemish-bond massing capped by a hipped roof. It was listed in the NRHP in 1976 (DHR 2016). 

La Vue (088-0039) is a two-story, three-bay Greek Revival dwelling constructed around 1848. 
BACKGROUND REVIEW 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

The brick, single-family residence features an English basement and is capped by a hipped roof. 

It was listed in the NRHP in 1994 (DHR 2016). St. Julien (088-0061), residence of earlynineteenth century notable Virginia politician Francis Taliaferro Brooke, is a two-story building 

representative of the Federal style. The dwelling is constructed with a Flemish-bond brick 

structural system and features a pedimented portico. St. Julien was listed in the NRHP in 1975 

(DHR 2016). Sentry Box (111-0095) is a two-story, single-family dwelling constructed in 1786. It 

is rich in elaborate details, including a portico, dentils, and Tuscan columns. This resource was 

listed in the NRHP under Criteria B, for its association with General George Weedon, and C as a 

good surviving example of the Federal style (DHR 2016). The final listed resource is the WalkerGrant School (111-5006). According to the NRHP nomination, it is “historically significant in 

education and ethnic history as the first and only segregated African-American school of 

secondary education in the city of Fredericksburg. Built in 1935, the building originally housed 

a grammar school [...] Long identified as a landmark by the city's African-American 

community, it now serves as a cultural and educational center for young people in the 

community” (Hanney and Edwards 1998). 

Five resources within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of the FBBP architectural APE have been determined 

eligible or potentially eligible for the NRHP by DHR staff. Sherwood Forest (089-0014) is an 

early-nineteenth-century, two-story brick dwelling in Stafford County. This resource was 

determined eligible for the NRHP in 1994 under Criterion C for architecture (DHR 2016). 

Eastwood (089-0288), located at 498 Caisson Road, is a two-story, single-family dwelling 

constructed in the Federal style. DHR determined it to be eligible for the NRHP in 2003 (DHR 

2016). Included in this are two battlefields: the Bank’s Ford/Salem Church Battlefield (088-

5181) in Spotsylvania County, and the Battle of Fredericksburg II (111-5296) which were 

determined potentially eligible in 2016 and 2007, respectively, for their association with the 

Civil War (DHR 2016). The CSX Railroad Corridor/Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac 

Railroad (088-5413) is a circa-1837 railroad bed that spans Caroline, Hanover, Henrico, and 

Spotsylvania counties. DHR staff determined that this resource was potentially eligible for the 

NRHP in 2012 (DHR 2016). 

Five resources (016-0047, 089-0280, 089-0306, 089-5097, and 111-0104) were previously 

determined not eligible for the NRHP by DHR staff. 

Of the 322 previously recorded resources within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of the FBBP segment 

architectural APE, 304 have not been formally evaluated for the NRHP. A majority of those, 

approximately 83 percent, are single- or multi-family dwellings or farms, most of which are 

concentrated around southern Stafford and the City of Fredericksburg. Most of these buildings 

are one- to two-story residences that range in date from the late-eighteenth century to the midtwentieth century. They are representative of a wide variety of architectural styles that were 

popular in and around Fredericksburg, including Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, 

Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Minimal Traditional, and Ranch. Around 35 of the 304 previously 

unevaluated resources are commercial properties and include auto service stations, restaurants, 

stores, hair salons, among others. Some of these resources were originally constructed as 

houses that were converted into commercial buildings. There is one previously recorded 

unevaluated bridge within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of the FBBP segment. 
BACKGROUND REVIEW 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-4 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

4.3 PREVIOUSLY RECOREDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 

A total of 56 archaeological sites have been previously recorded within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of the 

FBBP archaeological APE (see Appendix A). None of these sites are located within the APE. Of 

these sites, 24 are historic, 24 are prehistoric, and 11 are multicomponent. Nine sites have been 

determined not eligible for NRHP listing, while six sites are potentially eligible. The remaining 

44 sites have not been formally evaluated for NRHP eligibility. 

Historic sites represent a range of types including a brewery, bridges, dwellings, mills, 

farmsteads, outbuildings, military camps, and a road dating from as early as the beginning of 

the eighteenth century to the twentieth century. Historic sites that have been determined 

potentially eligible for the NRHP include 44ST0010, 44ST0615, and 44ST0834, all of which are 

located on the Sherwood Forest property. 44ST0010 represents the location of an eighteenth- to 

nineteenth-century plantation house and its associated landscape. 44ST0615 is the 

archaeological site associated with Sherwood Forest, a mid-nineteenth-century plantation that 

was home to the Fitzhugh family and occupied by the Union Army during the Civil War. 

44ST0834 represents the remains of a late-eighteenth- to early-nineteenth-century domestic site. 

Prehistoric sites are composed primarily of lithic scatters and camps, dating from the Middle 

Archaic to the Late Woodland periods. Only one prehistoric site has been determined 

potentially eligible, 44ST0835, an Early Archaic temporary camp. Of the multicomponent sites, 

two have been determined potentially eligible, 44ST0838 and 44ST0839. Site 44ST0838 

represents a mid-eighteenth- to nineteenth-century domestic site with a prehistoric lithic scatter 

of unknown temporal affiliation. 44ST0839 primarily represents a prehistoric occupation of 

unknown temporal affiliation with intact cultural strata and a small scatter of historic artifacts. 

Both of these multicomponent sites area also located on the Sherwood Forest property. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

RESULTS 

The cultural resource investigation of the FBBP segment of the DC2RVA Project involved Phase 

IA architectural and archaeological surveys. The Phase IA architectural survey consisted of a 

windshield survey of all above-ground resources over 48 years in age within the Project’s 

architectural APE. Both previously recorded properties and newly recorded resources were 

noted during the current Phase IA architectural survey. The Phase IA archaeological survey 

consisted of a pedestrian reconnaissance across the approximately 308.9-acre (125-ha) project 

area to locate any above-ground features and note areas of disturbance. The goal of the work 

was to render recommendations on ensuing Phase I/identification-level studies to be completed 

on this segment in the future. 

5.1 ARCHITECTURAL RESULTS 

The reconnaissance architectural study of the FBBP segment of the Project included noting all 

above-ground resources over 48 years in age within the Project’s architectural APE. See 

Appendix B for maps the ASBP corridor and all previously recorded architectural resources 

within the ASBP architectural APE. 

In total, 135 above-ground resources over 48 years old were noted from the roadway during the 

vehicular survey (Table 5-1). Of those, the DC2RVA Team identified five resources (016-5110, 

088-0271, 088-0280, 088-5413, and 088-5481) that were included in the reconnaissance 

architectural surveys of the Arkendale to Dahlgren Junction (ARDJ), Dahlgren Junction to 

Fredericksburg (DJFB), and Crossroads to Guinea (XRGU) segments. They were detailed in the 

three reports produced as part of those surveys, and the Project Team gave each resource an 

NRHP eligibility recommendation at that time (Manning and Salvato 2016; Staton and Lesiuk 

2015; Staton et al. 2016). As such, a revisit was not required as part of the current Phase IA study 

and they are not shown on the maps within this report. In addition, they do not require 

additional field investigation during future Phase IB study of the FBBP segment. 

The remaining 130 resources are made up of 122 single-family dwelling, two warehouses, one 

historic site, one office, two Civil War earthworks, one historic district, and one auto services 

complex (see Figure 5-1–Figure 5-7 for a sample of photographs depicting these resource types). 

On a whole, most of the resources date from the late-nineteenth century to the late 1960s; a few 

outliers include Ferry Farm (089-0016), which includes the previously recorded site of an 

eighteenth-century dwelling, Sherwood Forest (089-0014), comprising a circa-1810 single-family 

dwelling (previously recorded), and the Civil War-era earthworks (previously unrecorded). 

Seven of the resources in the FBBP Segment architectural APE have been previously recorded 

with the DHR. One resource, Ferry Farm (089-0016), was listed in the NRHP in 1972 and 

determined to be a NHL in 2000. DHR determined that Sherwood Forest (089-0014), is eligible 

for listing in the NRHP in 1994. Two resources, Abandoned House on Northside Drive (089-

5
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

0306) and House at 140 Sherwood Forest Farm Road (089-5097), were previously determined 

not eligible for the NRHP by DHR staff; however, this determination was made more than five 

years ago. As such, they should be revisited during the Phase IB study. The remaining three 

previously recorded resources have not been formally evaluated for the NRHP. The DC2RVA 

team identified 123 resources within the FBBP architectural APE that have not yet been 

recorded. These 123 unrecorded resources have not been the subject of an identification-level 

study and thus require field investigation. 

In total, 130 architectural resources should be the subject of a Phase IB identification-level study. 

This would include photodocumentation of each resource and any associated outbuildings, 

written notes, mapping, and compiling VCRIS packets for each documented property. 

Preliminary recommendations on potential NRHP eligibility will be rendered at that time. 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN THE 

APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

016-5110 House, 8523 Guinea 

Station Road Caroline County 1870 Not Evaluated 

Recommended 

Not Eligible in 

Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Manning and 

Salvato 2016); 

Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase 

IB Not Required 

088-0271 House, 3041 Summit 

Crossing Road 

Spotsylvania 

County ca. 1913 Not Evaluated 

Recommended 

Not Eligible in 

Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Manning and 

Salvato 2016); 

Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase 

IB Not Required 

088-0280 

Farm, 3033 Summit 

Crossing Road/ 

Summit Station Farm 

Spotsylvania 

County ca. 1840 Not Evaluated 

Recommended 

Not Eligible in 

Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Manning and 

Salvato 2016); 

Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase 

IB Not Required 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN THE 

APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

088-5413 

Richmond, 

Fredericksburg & 

Potomac Railroad 

Caroline County, 

Hanover County, 

Henrico County, 

Spotsylvania 

County 

ca. 1871 DHR Staff: Potentially 

Eligible 

Recommended 

Eligible under 

DHR Number 

500-0001 in 

Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Chase 2016); 

Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase 

IB Not Required 

088-5481 House, 3116 Summit 

Crossing Road 

Spotsylvania 

County 1948 Not Evaluated 

Recommended 

Not Eligible in 

Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Manning and 

Salvato 2016); 

Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase 

IB Not Required 

089-0014 Sherwood Forest Stafford County 1738/ca. 1890 

NHL Listing (2000), 

NRHP Listing (1972) 

VLR Listing (1971) 

Include in Phase 

IB 

089-0016 Ferry Farm Stafford County ca. 1810 

DHR Staff: Eligible 

under Criterion C 

(1994) 

Include in Phase 

IB 

089-0042 House, Lupton Lane Stafford County ca. 1870 Not Evaluated Include in Phase 

IB 

089-0062 House, Forest Lane 

Road Stafford County 1934 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

089-0262 Farm, Route 3 Stafford County ca. 1940 Not Evaluated Include in Phase 

IB 

089-0306 Abandoned House, 

Northside Drive Stafford County ca. 1870 DHR Staff: Not Eligible (1992) 

Include in Phase 

IB 

089-5097 House, 140 Sherwood 

Forest Farm Road Stafford County ca. 1910 DHR Staff: Not Eligible (2007) 

Include in Phase 

IB 

1 Warehouse, 62 

Debruen Road Stafford County 1967 N/A Include in Phase IB 

2 Warehouse, 14 Pine 

Road Stafford County 1960 N/A Include in Phase IB 

3 House, 94 Cool Spring 

Road Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-4 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN THE 

APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

14 House, 100 Federal 

Drive Stafford County 1960 N/A Include in Phase IB 

15 House, 50 Creek Lane Stafford County 1935 N/A Include in Phase 

IB 

16 House, 44 Little Falls 

Road Stafford County 1946 N/A Include in Phase IB 

18 House, 161 Forest 

Lane Road Stafford County 1937 N/A Include in Phase IB 

19 House, 632 Caisson 

Road Stafford County 1969 N/A Include in Phase IB 

20 House, 648 Caisson 

Road Stafford County 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

21 House, 662 Caisson 

Road Stafford County 1900 N/A Include in Phase IB 

22 House, 1465 Kings 

Highway Stafford County 1900 N/A Include in Phase IB 

24 House, 28 Creek Lane Stafford County 1950 N/A Include in Phase 

IB 

25 House, 637 Kings 

Highway Stafford County 1927 N/A Include in Phase IB 

26 House, 605 Kings 

Highway Stafford County 1935 N/A Include in Phase IB 

27 House, 603 Kings 

Highway Stafford County 1952 N/A Include in Phase IB 

28 House, 551 Kings 

Highway Stafford County 1949 N/A Include in Phase IB 

32 House, 404 Kings 

Highway Stafford County ca. 1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

33 House 328 Kings 

Highway Stafford County 1957 N/A Include in Phase IB 

34 House, 16 Enola Road Stafford County 1900 N/A Include in Phase 

IB 

35 House, 12 Enola Road Stafford County 1900 N/A Include in Phase 

IB 

36 Office, 54 Debruen 

Road Stafford County ca. 1960 N/A Include in Phase IB 

37 House, 36 Debruen 

Road Stafford County ca. 1940 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-5 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN THE 

APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

39 House, 801 Northside 

Drive Stafford County ca. 1930 N/A Include in Phase IB 

40 House, 806 Northside 

Drive Stafford County ca. 1930 N/A Include in Phase IB 

41 House, 95 Cool Spring 

Road Stafford County 1960 N/A Include in Phase IB 

42 House, 87 Cool Spring 

Road Stafford County 1952 N/A Include in Phase IB 

43 House, 77 Cool Spring 

Road Stafford County 1949 N/A Include in Phase IB 

44 House, 41 Cool Spring 

Road Stafford County 1941 N/A Include in Phase IB 

45 

Express Auto 

Recovery, 47 Cool 

Spring Road 

Stafford County ca. 1950 N/A Include in Phase 

IB 

47 House, 523 Ferry 

Road Stafford County 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

48 House, 519 Ferry 

Road Stafford County 1956 N/A Include in Phase IB 

49 House, 515 Ferry 

Road Stafford County 1963 N/A Include in Phase IB 

50 House, 5 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County 1956 N/A Include in Phase IB 

51 House, 7 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

52 House, 9 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County 1956 N/A Include in Phase IB 

53 House, 11 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

54 House, 15 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

55 House, 17 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

56 House, 19 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

57 House, 16 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-6 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN THE 

APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

58 House, 14 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

59 House, 12 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

60 House, 10 Fairfax 

Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

61 House, 7 Mount 

Vernon Avenue Stafford County 1956 N/A Include in Phase IB 

62 House, 5 Mount 

Vernon Avenue Stafford County 1964 N/A Include in Phase IB 

63 House, 3 Mount 

Vernon Avenue Stafford County 1951 N/A Include in Phase IB 

64 House, 13 Nelson 

Street Stafford County 1954 N/A Include in Phase IB 

65 House, 15 Nelson 

Street Stafford County ca. 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

66 House, 17 Nelson 

Street Stafford County ca. 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

67 House, 12 Nelson 

Street Stafford County ca. 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

68 House, 10 Nelson 

Street Stafford County ca. 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

69 House, 17 Marshall 

Place Stafford County 1960 N/A Include in Phase IB 

70 House, 19 Marshall 

Place Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

71 House, 21 Marshall 

Place Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

72 House, 23 Marshall 

Place Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

73 House, 25 Marshall 

Place Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

74 House, 24 Marshall 

Place Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

75 House, 22 Marshall 

Place Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

76 House, 20 Marshall 

Place Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-7 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN THE 

APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

77 House, 18 Marshall 

Place Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

78 House, 51 Wakefield 

Avenue Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

79 House, 57 Wakefield 

Avenue Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

80 House, 58 Wakefield 

Avenue Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

81 House, 54 Wakefield 

Avenue Stafford County 1953 N/A Include in Phase IB 

82 House, 52 Wakefield 

Avenue Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 

83 House, 5 

Westmoreland Place Stafford County 1962 N/A Include in Phase IB 

84 House, 6 

Westmoreland Place Stafford County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 

85 House, 8 

Westmoreland Place Stafford County 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

86 House, 9 

Westmoreland Place Stafford County 1963 N/A Include in Phase IB 

87 House, 6 Berkeley 

Place Stafford County 1959 N/A Include in Phase IB 

88 House, 5 Berkeley 

Place Stafford County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 

89 House, 4 Berkeley 

Place Stafford County 1962 N/A Include in Phase IB 

90 House, 3 Berkeley 

Place Stafford County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 

91 House, 2 Berkeley 

Place Stafford County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 

92 House, 1 Berkeley 

Place Stafford County 1957 N/A Include in Phase IB 

93 House, 107 Windsor 

Circle Stafford County 1953 N/A Include in Phase IB 

94 House, 113 Windsor 

Circle Stafford County 1956 N/A Include in Phase IB 

95 House, 115 Windsor 

Circle Stafford County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-8 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN THE 

APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

96 House, 117 Windsor 

Circle Stafford County 1956 N/A Include in Phase IB 

97 House, 108 Windsor 

Circle Stafford County 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

98 House, 303 

Greenwood Drive Stafford County 1964 N/A Include in Phase IB 

99 House, 55 Little Falls 

Road Stafford County 1954 N/A Include in Phase IB 

100 House, 40 Little Falls 

Road Stafford County 1949 N/A Include in Phase IB 

101 House, 38 Little Falls 

Road Stafford County 1952 N/A Include in Phase IB 

102 House, 15 Graham 

Street Stafford County 1954 N/A Include in Phase IB 

103 House, 11 Graham 

Street Stafford County 1952 N/A Include in Phase IB 

104 House, 9 Graham 

Street Stafford County 1949 N/A Include in Phase IB 

105 House, 5 Graham 

Street Stafford County 1949 N/A Include in Phase IB 

106 House, 8 Graham 

Street Stafford County 1954 N/A Include in Phase IB 

107 House, 12 Graham 

Street Stafford County 1949 N/A Include in Phase IB 

108 House, 14 Graham 

Street Stafford County 1952 N/A Include in Phase IB 

109 House, 16 Graham 

Street Stafford County 1962 N/A Include in Phase IB 

111 House, 187 Forest 

Lane Road Stafford County 1917 N/A Include in Phase IB 

115 House, 121 Rumford 

Road Stafford County 1964 N/A Include in Phase IB 

116 House, 120 Rumford 

Road Stafford County 1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

117 House, 217 Maple 

Street Stafford County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 

118 House, 213 Maple 

Street Stafford County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-9 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN THE 

APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

119 House, 211 Maple 

Street Stafford County 1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

120 House, 209 Maple 

Street Stafford County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

121 House, 207 Maple 

Street Stafford County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

122 House, 205 Maple 

Street Stafford County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

123 House, 206 Maple 

Street Stafford County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

124 House, 204 Maple 

Street Stafford County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

125 House, 200 Leonard 

Road Stafford County 1941 N/A Include in Phase IB 

126 House, 201 Leonard 

Road Stafford County 1949 N/A Include in Phase IB 

127 House, 203 Leonard 

Road Stafford County 1949 N/A Include in Phase IB 

128 House, 204 Leonard 

Road Stafford County 1940 N/A Include in Phase IB 

129 House, 15427 

Tidewater Trail Caroline County ca. 1940 N/A Include in Phase IB 

130 House, 15416 

Tidewater Trail Caroline County pre-1963 N/A Include in Phase IB 

131 House, 15462 

Tidewater Trail Caroline County pre-1944 N/A Include in Phase IB 

132 House, 16071 

Tidewater Trail Caroline County pre-1963 N/A Include in Phase IB 

133 

House, 3437 

Fredericksburg 

Turnpike 

Caroline County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase 

IB 

134 

House, 3460 

Fredericksburg 

Turnpike 

Caroline County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase 

IB 

135 

House, 4004 

Fredericksburg 

Turnpike 

Caroline County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase 

IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-10 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN THE 

APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

136 

House, 4024 

Fredericksburg 

Turnpike 

Caroline County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase 

IB 

137 House, 2112 Marengo 

Plantation Lane 

Spotsylvania 

County ca. 1900 N/A Include in Phase IB 

138 

House, 9015 

Thornton Rolling 

Road 

Spotsylvania 

County pre-1963 N/A Include in Phase IB 

139 

House, 9018 

Thornton Rolling 

Road 

Spotsylvania 

County ca. 1940 N/A Include in Phase IB 

140 

House, 9004 

Thornton Rolling 

Road 

Spotsylvania 

County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

141 

House, 9000 

Thornton Rolling 

Road 

Spotsylvania 

County ca. 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

142 Civil War Earthworks Spotsylvania 

County ca. 1863 N/A Include in Phase IB 

143 Civil War Earthworks Spotsylvania 

County ca. 1863 N/A Include in Phase IB 

144 

Ferry Farm 

Neighborhood 

Historic District 

Stafford County ca. 1960 

N/A Include in Phase 

IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-11 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

Source: Dovetail, 2016. 

FIGURE 5-1: 9 FAIRFAX CIRCLE (TEMP NUMBER 52), NORTHEAST ELEVATION 

FIGURE 5-2: 11 FAIRFAX CIRCLE (TEMP NUMBER 53), NORTHEAST ELEVATION 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-12 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-3: 94 COOL SPRINGS ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 3), NORTHEAST OBLIQUE 

FIGURE 5-4: 161 FOREST LANE ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 18), SOUTHEAST ELEVATION 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-13 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-5: 648 CAISSON ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 20), WEST OBLIQUE 

FIGURE 5-6: 662 CAISSON ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 22), WEST OBLIQUE 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-14 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-7: MAPLE ROAD OVERVIEW (TEMP NUMBERS 120, 121, AND 122), LOOKING 

SOUTHEAST 

5.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESULTS 

The approximately 308.9-acre (125-ha) APE extends through Stafford, Caroline, and 

Spotsylvania counties. Maps showing the recommendations outlined in this section are 

presented in Appendix C. On its northern end, the FBBP segment begins at the northern 

terminus of the CSX Railroad Dahlgren Spur and follows the existing spur alignment 

throughout most of Stafford County until it approaches the intersection with Caisson Road. Just 

prior to this intersection, the APE turns south, representing the proposed new alignment, until 

it rejoins the main CSX Railroad line to the north of its intersection with Summit Crossing Road 

in Spotsylvania County. In addition to improvements associated with the rail corridor, this 

survey also examined areas of proposed road improvements associated with proposed rail line 

crossings. 

Throughout most of the Stafford County portion of the FBBP segment, the APE is defined by 

small suburban and rural residential areas, industrial areas, forested lots, and agricultural 

fields. The APE then crosses the Rappahannock River into Caroline County where agricultural 

fields and forested parcels dominate the setting. Once the APE crosses into Spotsylvania 

County, the APE becomes somewhat more developed, with residences sporadically situated 

within wooded lots or more densely located along major roads. 

Visual reconnaissance began at the northern end of the APE at the intersection of White Oak, 

Butler, Deacon, and Cool Springs roads along the northern terminus of the Dahlgren Spur. The 

road and rail portions of the APE in this northernmost section all exhibit evidence of heavy 

disturbance from grading associated with previous road construction related to the realignment 

of White Oak, Deacon, Butler, and Cool Springs roads in the early 2000s (Figure 5-8). The APE is 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-15 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

relatively narrow extending from this intersection and following the existing rail alignment and 

also appears to be heavily disturbed by grading associated with the existing railroad, often 

evident as piles of soil that have been pushed into one area (Figure 5-9 through Figure 5-13). Of 

particular note is a former landfill, south of the intersection of Hot Top Road, which has 

disturbed a large portion of the APE on both sides of the railroad (Figure 5-14). 

FIGURE 5-8: VIEW OF THE INTERSECTION OF WHITE OAK, COOL SPRINGS, BUTLER, AND 

DEACON ROADS SHOWING DISTURBANCE FROM ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES, 

FACING NORTHWEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-16 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-9: VIEW OF DISTURBANCE FROM ROAD CONSTRUCTION AT THE INTERSECTION 

OF COOL SPRINGS ROAD AND DEBRUEN LANE, FACING NORTH 

FIGURE 5-10: VIEW OF APE ALONG THE DAHLGREN SPUR AT ITS INTERSECTION WITH 

COOL SPRINGS ROAD SHOWING CONSTRUCTION DISTURBANCE, FACING SOUTHEAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-17 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-11: VIEW OF GRADING DISTURBANCE, EVIDENT AS MOUNDED SOIL IN THE 

CENTER OF THE FRAME, ALONG WESTERN SIDE OF COOL SPRINGS ROAD, FACING 

SOUTHEAST 

FIGURE 5-12: VIEW ALONG OLD WHITE OAK ROAD ALIGNMENT SHOWING DISTURBANCE, 

FACING SOUTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-18 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-13: VIEW OF APE AT DEBRUEN LANE CROSSING SHOWING DISTURBANCE FROM 

GRADING AND RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION, FACING WEST 

FIGURE 5-14: VIEW OF FORMER LANDFILL DISTURBANCE NEAR THE INTERSECTION OF THE 

APE WITH HOT TOP ROAD, FACING SOUTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-19 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

As the APE passes the former landfill, it remains narrow, but abuts residential properties along 

the north side of the rail and some commercial areas along the south side. Disturbances from 

grading related to railroad construction define the majority of this portion of the APE (Figure 5-

15 and Figure 5-16). The APE includes proposed road improvements along Mt. Vernon Avenue, 

at its intersection with Ferry Road (Figure 5-17). While much of the area along Mt. Vernon 

Avenue appears to be disturbed from road construction and utilities, portions within the yards 

of residential lots are likely testable. As the narrow APE continues southeast from this point 

along the Dahlgren Spur, it remains heavily disturbed by grading related to railroad 

construction and steep slopes (Figure 5-18). 

FIGURE 5-15: VIEW OF GRADING DISTURBANCE WITHIN APE NORTHEAST OF THE 

INTERSECTION WITH FERRY ROAD, FACING SOUTHWEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-20 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-16: VIEW OF GRADING DISTURBANCE IN APE ASSOCIATED WITH RAILROAD 

CONSTRUCTION AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOUTHWEST OF FERRY ROAD, FACING 

SOUTHWEST 

FIGURE 5-17: VIEW OF APE ALONG MT. VERNON AVENUE, FACING NORTHWEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-21 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-18: VIEW OF RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION DISTURBANCE AND STEEP SLOPE IN APE 

NEAR FEDERAL DRIVE, FACING NORTHWEST 

Just southeast of the intersection of the Dahlgren Spur with Federal Drive, the railroad and the 

APE veers from its parallel track with Kings Highway and begins to traverse rural wooded lots 

and agricultural fields. Although still along existing rail and partially disturbed by rail 

construction, portions of the APE through this section display the potential for archaeological 

testing (Figure 5-19). Additionally, proposed road improvements along Little Falls Road and 

Forest Lane Road also display the potential for archaeological testing in part due to the rural 

nature of this portion of the APE (Figure 5-20 and Figure 5-21). On the Sherwood Forest 

property, the APE leaves the existing rail line and traverses through a forested area before 

rejoining the existing rail alignment. The entire portion of the APE not along the existing rail 

line is testable through this section. 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-22 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-19: VIEW OF WOODED SETTING NEAR CLEEK LANE SHOWING MINIMAL 

DISTURBANCE FROM RAIL CONSTRUCTION, FACING NORTHWEST 

A portion of the APE, which is partially testable, continues to extend along the existing 

Dahlgren Spur alignment until it ends near the intersection with Caisson Road. Just west of the 

intersection with Caisson Road, the APE turns south and consists of proposed new alignment. 

The proposed new alignment generally traverses woods and agricultural fields, crossing Kings 

Highway and crossing the Rappahannock River into Caroline County (Figure 5-22 through 

Figure 5-24). Prior to crossing the river, the APE exhibits high potential for archaeological 

testing, with the exception of a sand and gravel mine on the north side of the Rappahannock 

(Figure 5-25 and Figure 5-26). 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-23 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-20: VIEW OF ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA ALONG LITTLE FALLS ROAD, FACING 

SOUTHWEST 

FIGURE 5-21: VIEW OF ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA ALONG FOREST LANE ROAD, FACING 

NORTHEAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-24 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-22: VIEW OF AREA WHERE THE PROJECT CORRIDOR CROSSES KINGS HIGHWAY, 

FACING NORTH 

FIGURE 5-23: VIEW ALONG KINGS HIGHWAY WITHIN PROJECT CORRIDOR, FACING WEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-25 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-24: VIEW OF PROJECT CORRIDOR SOUTH OF KINGS HIGHWAY, FACING NORTH 

FIGURE 5-25: VIEW OF SAND MINE DISTURBANCE WITHIN THE PROJECT CORRIDOR, 

FACING EAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-26 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-26: VIEW OF WOODED PORTION OF THE PROJECT CORRIDOR NORTH OF THE 

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER, FACING SOUTH 

Once the APE enters Caroline County it is almost completely testable, traversing agricultural 

fields and large wooded lots (Figure 5-27 though Figure 5-30). This portion of the APE contains 

only a few natural disturbances including drainages and wetlands (Figure 5-31 and Figure 5-

32). Additionally, road crossings at Tidewater Trail and Fredericksburg Turnpike are partially 

disturbed due to road construction activities and utilities. Within the Caroline County section of 

the APE, two Civil War earthworks were encountered (Figure 5-33 and Figure 5-34). Both 

earthworks are located in a large wooded tract and are oriented perpendicular to the APE. Their 

extent beyond the limits of the APE was not examined. These earthworks are located 

approximately 1.2 miles (1.9 km) from one another and likely represent fortifications erected 

during the encampment of the Confederate army in the winter of 1862–1863. 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-27 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-27: VIEW OF AREA WHERE PROJECT CORRIDOR CROSSES THE RAPPAHANNOCK 

RIVER, FACING NORTHEAST 

FIGURE 5-28: VIEW OF THE PROJECT CORRIDOR IMMEDIATELY SOUTH OF THE 

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER CROSSING, FACING SOUTHWEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-28 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-29: VIEW OF PROJECT CORRIDOR AT TIDEWATER TRAIL CROSSING, FACING 

WEST 

FIGURE 5-30: VIEW OF PROJECT CORRIDOR TRAVERSING AGRICULTURAL FIELDS SOUTH 

OF TIDEWATER TRAIL, FACING NORTHEAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-29 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-31: VIEW OF LARGE POND WITHIN PROJECT CORRIDOR, FACING NORTHWEST 

FIGURE 5-32: VIEW OF DRAINAGE DISTURBANCE IN PROJECT CORRIDOR, FACING NORTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-30 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-33: VIEW OF THE NORTHERNMOST EARTHWORK WITHIN THE PROJECT 

CORRIDOR, FACING NORTHWEST 

FIGURE 5-34: VIEW OF SOUTHERNMOST EARTHWORK WITHIN PROJECT CORRIDOR, 

FACING SOUTHEAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-31 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

The APE enters Spotsylvania County just to the east of Thornton Rolling Road, at which point 

the setting changes from large agricultural fields and wooded lots to smaller wooded parcels 

with increased residential development (Figure 5-35 through Figure 5-40). Despite the change in 

setting, the APE remains mostly testable throughout this section. Some disturbances within the 

APE near its intersection with the existing CSX railroad in Spotsylvania County include a 

powerline corridor and a gas pipeline corridor (Figure 5-41 and Figure 5-42). As the APE rejoins 

the existing rail line, it narrows and follows the existing alignment. As a result, the majority of 

the southern end of the APE is disturbed by railroad construction activities (Figure 5-43). 

FIGURE 5-35: VIEW OF ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA ALONG FREDERICKSBURG TURNPIKE, 

FACING NORTH 

In sum, the Phase IA archaeological study identified no previously recorded archaeological sites 

within the APE, but did identify two Civil War-era earthworks. Additionally, the pedestrian 

survey identified portions of the APE that are recommended for Phase IB identification-level 

survey should the proposed FBBP move forward. A total of 263.1 acres (106.5 ha) of the overall 

archaeological APE were identified as not disturbed and suitable for Phase IB survey (see maps 

in Appendix C). This would comprise a full pedestrian survey with systematic shovel testing to 

identify archaeological sites in the APE. 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-32 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-36: VIEW OF MAINTAINED TRAILS IN PROJECT CORRIDOR, FACING EAST 

FIGURE 5-37: VIEW OF WOODED PARCEL WITHIN PROJECT CORRIDOR, FACING EAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-33 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-38: VIEW OF HOUSE LOT AND GRAVEL DRIVEWAY WITHIN PROJECT CORRIDOR 

ALONG PINECREST LANE, FACING NORTHEAST 

FIGURE 5-39: VIEW OF ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA ALONG THORNTON ROLLING ROAD, 

FACING NORTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-34 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-40: VIEW OF PROJECT CORRIDOR ALONG PATRIOT LANE, FACING SOUTH 

FIGURE 5-41: VIEW OF POWERLINE CORRIDOR CROSSING THE PROJECT CORRIDOR, 

FACING NORTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-35 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-42: VIEW OF GASLINE CORRIDOR CROSSING PROJECT CORRIDOR, 

FACING SOUTH 

FIGURE 5-43: VIEW OF RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION DISTURBANCE WITHIN PROJECT 

CORRIDOR NEAR SUMMIT CROSSING ROAD, FACING NORTHEAST 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

Dovetail, on behalf of the DRPT, conducted a Phase IA cultural resource survey of the FBBP 

segment of the DC2RVA Project. The proposed Project is being completed under the auspices of 

the FRA in conjunction with DRPT. Because of FRA’s involvement, the undertaking is required 

to comply with the NEPA and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as 

amended. The Project is being completed as DHR File Review #2014-0666. 

In total, 135 above-ground resources over 48 years old were noted from the roadway during the 

vehicular survey (Table 6-1). Of those, the DC2RVA Team identified five resources (016-5110, 

088-0271, 088-0280, 088-5413, and 088-5481) that were included in the reconnaissance-level 

architectural surveys for other segments. As such, a revisit is not required as part of the current 

study. Of the remaining 130 resources, seven are previously recorded and 122 are previously 

unrecorded. The Team recommends that all 130 of those resources should be the subject of a 

Phase IB identification-level study to render recommendations on potential NRHP eligibility. 

The vast majority of the northern portion of the archaeological APE in Stafford County, 

northwest of Federal Drive, has been disturbed by construction related to the existing railroad 

alignment. Once the APE crosses Federal Drive, it remains along the current railroad alignment, 

but the rural nature of the area indicates that subsurface testing may be possible in some 

portions of the APE. North of the crossing with Kings Highway, the APE leaves the existing rail 

corridor and is defined by new alignment, most of which is completely testable with the 

exception of a portion located north of the Rappahannock River that crosses through a sand 

mine. As the project corridor enters Caroline and Spotsylvania counties, it is defined primarily 

by active agricultural fields and wooded parcels, the vast majority of which are testable. Two 

potential Civil War earthworks were noted within the project corridor in Caroline County. Both 

of these features are likely related to the winter of 1862–1863 Confederate encampments in the 

area and should be documented/recorded as part of Phase IB identification-level cultural 

resource investigations along the FBBP, as warranted. The APE remains generally testable until 

it rejoins the existing rail alignment in Spotsylvania County, at which point it is heavily 

disturbed by construction related to the existing rail line. In total, 263.1 acres (106.5 ha) of the 

overall archaeological APE were identified as not disturbed and suitable for additional Phase IB 

survey to identify archaeological sites in the APE. 

 

6
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS IN APE AND 

RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

016-5110 House, 8523 Guinea Station Road Caroline County 1870 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Manning and Salvato 

2016); Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

088-0271 House, 3041 Summit Crossing Road Spotsylvania County ca. 1913 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Manning and Salvato 

2016); Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

088-0280 Farm, 3033 Summit Crossing Road/ 

Summit Station Farm Spotsylvania County ca. 1840 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Manning and Salvato 

2016); Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

088-5413 Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac 

Railroad 

Caroline County, 

Hanover County, 

Henrico County, 

Spotsylvania County 

ca. 1837 

Recommended Eligible 

under DHR Number 

500-0001 in Previous 

DC2RVA Report (Chase 

2016); Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

088-5481 House, 3116 Summit Crossing Road Spotsylvania County 1948 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Manning and Salvato 

2016); Not Included in 

Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

089-0014 Sherwood Forest Stafford County 1738/ca. 1890 Include in Phase IB 

089-0016 Ferry Farm Stafford County ca. 1810 Include in Phase IB 

089-0042 House, Lupton Lane Stafford County ca. 1870 Include in Phase IB 

089-0062 House, Forest Lane Road Stafford County 1934 Include in Phase IB 

089-0262 Farm, Route 3 Stafford County ca. 1940 Include in Phase IB 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS IN APE AND 

RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

089-0306 Abandoned House, Northside Drive Stafford County ca. 1870 Include in Phase IB 

089-5097 House, 140 Sherwood Forest Farm 

Road Stafford County ca. 1910 Include in Phase IB 

1 Warehouse, 62 Debruen Road Stafford County 1967 Include in Phase IB 

2 Warehouse, 14 Pine Road Stafford County 1960 Include in Phase IB 

3 House, 94 Cool Spring Road Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

14 House, 100 Federal Drive Stafford County 1960 Include in Phase IB 

15 House, 50 Creek Lane Stafford County 1935 Include in Phase IB 

16 House, 44 Little Falls Road Stafford County 1946 Include in Phase IB 

18 House, 161 Forest Lane Road Stafford County 1937 Include in Phase IB 

19 House, 632 Caisson Road Stafford County 1969 Include in Phase IB 

20 House, 648 Caisson Road Stafford County 1965 Include in Phase IB 

21 House, 662 Caisson Road Stafford County 1900 Include in Phase IB 

22 House, 1465 Kings Highway Stafford County 1900 Include in Phase IB 

24 House, 28 Creek Lane Stafford County 1950 Include in Phase IB 

25 House, 637 Kings Highway Stafford County 1927 Include in Phase IB 

26 House, 605 Kings Highway Stafford County 1935 Include in Phase IB 

27 House, 603 Kings Highway Stafford County 1952 Include in Phase IB 

28 House, 551 Kings Highway Stafford County 1949 Include in Phase IB 

32 House, 404 Kings Highway Stafford County ca. 1968 Include in Phase IB 

33 House 328 Kings Highway Stafford County 1957 Include in Phase IB 

34 House, 16 Enola Road Stafford County 1900 Include in Phase IB 

35 House, 12 Enola Road Stafford County 1900 Include in Phase IB 

36 Office, 54 Debruen Road Stafford County ca. 1960 Include in Phase IB 

37 House, 36 Debruen Road Stafford County ca. 1940 Include in Phase IB 

39 House, 801 Northside Drive Stafford County ca. 1930 Include in Phase IB 

40 House, 806 Northside Drive Stafford County ca. 1930 Include in Phase IB 

41 House, 95 Cool Spring Road Stafford County 1960 Include in Phase IB 

42 House, 87 Cool Spring Road Stafford County 1952 Include in Phase IB 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-4 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS IN APE AND 

RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

43 House, 77 Cool Spring Road Stafford County 1949 Include in Phase IB 

44 House, 41 Cool Spring Road Stafford County 1941 Include in Phase IB 

45 Express Auto Recovery, 47 Cool 

Spring Road Stafford County ca. 1950 Include in Phase IB 

47 House, 523 Ferry Road Stafford County 1965 Include in Phase IB 

48 House, 519 Ferry Road Stafford County 1956 Include in Phase IB 

49 House, 515 Ferry Road Stafford County 1963 Include in Phase IB 

50 House, 5 Fairfax Circle Stafford County 1956 Include in Phase IB 

51 House, 7 Fairfax Circle Stafford County 1950 Include in Phase IB 

52 House, 9 Fairfax Circle Stafford County 1956 Include in Phase IB 

53 House, 11 Fairfax Circle Stafford County 1950 Include in Phase IB 

54 House, 15 Fairfax Circle Stafford County 1950 Include in Phase IB 

55 House, 17 Fairfax Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 Include in Phase IB 

56 House, 19 Fairfax Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 Include in Phase IB 

57 House, 16 Fairfax Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 Include in Phase IB 

58 House, 14 Fairfax Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 Include in Phase IB 

59 House, 12 Fairfax Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 Include in Phase IB 

60 House, 10 Fairfax Circle Stafford County ca. 1950 Include in Phase IB 

61 House, 7 Mount Vernon Avenue Stafford County 1956 Include in Phase IB 

62 House, 5 Mount Vernon Avenue Stafford County 1964 Include in Phase IB 

63 House, 3 Mount Vernon Avenue Stafford County 1951 Include in Phase IB 

64 House, 13 Nelson Street Stafford County 1954 Include in Phase IB 

65 House, 15 Nelson Street Stafford County ca. 1955 Include in Phase IB 

66 House, 17 Nelson Street Stafford County ca. 1955 Include in Phase IB 

67 House, 12 Nelson Street Stafford County ca. 1955 Include in Phase IB 

68 House, 10 Nelson Street Stafford County ca. 1955 Include in Phase IB 

69 House, 17 Marshall Place Stafford County 1960 Include in Phase IB 

70 House, 19 Marshall Place Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

71 House, 21 Marshall Place Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-5 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS IN APE AND 

RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

72 House, 23 Marshall Place Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

73 House, 25 Marshall Place Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

74 House, 24 Marshall Place Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

75 House, 22 Marshall Place Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

76 House, 20 Marshall Place Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

77 House, 18 Marshall Place Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

78 House, 51 Wakefield Avenue Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

79 House, 57 Wakefield Avenue Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

80 House, 58 Wakefield Avenue Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

81 House, 54 Wakefield Avenue Stafford County 1953 Include in Phase IB 

82 House, 52 Wakefield Avenue Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

83 House, 5 Westmoreland Place Stafford County 1962 Include in Phase IB 

84 House, 6 Westmoreland Place Stafford County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

85 House, 8 Westmoreland Place Stafford County 1965 Include in Phase IB 

86 House, 9 Westmoreland Place Stafford County 1963 Include in Phase IB 

87 House, 6 Berkeley Place Stafford County 1959 Include in Phase IB 

88 House, 5 Berkeley Place Stafford County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

89 House, 4 Berkeley Place Stafford County 1962 Include in Phase IB 

90 House, 3 Berkeley Place Stafford County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

91 House, 2 Berkeley Place Stafford County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

92 House, 1 Berkeley Place Stafford County 1957 Include in Phase IB 

93 House, 107 Windsor Circle Stafford County 1953 Include in Phase IB 

94 House, 113 Windsor Circle Stafford County 1956 Include in Phase IB 

95 House, 115 Windsor Circle Stafford County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

96 House, 117 Windsor Circle Stafford County 1956 Include in Phase IB 

97 House, 108 Windsor Circle Stafford County 1950 Include in Phase IB 

98 House, 303 Greenwood Drive Stafford County 1964 Include in Phase IB 

99 House, 55 Little Falls Road Stafford County 1954 Include in Phase IB 

100 House, 40 Little Falls Road Stafford County 1949 Include in Phase IB 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-6 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS IN APE AND 

RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

101 House, 38 Little Falls Road Stafford County 1952 Include in Phase IB 

102 House, 15 Graham Street Stafford County 1954 Include in Phase IB 

103 House, 11 Graham Street Stafford County 1952 Include in Phase IB 

104 House, 9 Graham Street Stafford County 1949 Include in Phase IB 

105 House, 5 Graham Street Stafford County 1949 Include in Phase IB 

106 House, 8 Graham Street Stafford County 1954 Include in Phase IB 

107 House, 12 Graham Street Stafford County 1949 Include in Phase IB 

108 House, 14 Graham Street Stafford County 1952 Include in Phase IB 

109 House, 16 Graham Street Stafford County 1962 Include in Phase IB 

111 House, 187 Forest Lane Road Stafford County 1917 Include in Phase IB 

115 House, 121 Rumford Road Stafford County 1964 Include in Phase IB 

116 House, 120 Rumford Road Stafford County 1968 Include in Phase IB 

117 House, 217 Maple Street Stafford County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

118 House, 213 Maple Street Stafford County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

119 House, 211 Maple Street Stafford County 1968 Include in Phase IB 

120 House, 209 Maple Street Stafford County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

121 House, 207 Maple Street Stafford County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

122 House, 205 Maple Street Stafford County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

123 House, 206 Maple Street Stafford County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

124 House, 204 Maple Street Stafford County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

125 House, 200 Leonard Road Stafford County 1941 Include in Phase IB 

126 House, 201 Leonard Road Stafford County 1949 Include in Phase IB 

127 House, 203 Leonard Road Stafford County 1949 Include in Phase IB 

128 House, 204 Leonard Road Stafford County 1940 Include in Phase IB 

129 House, 15427 Tidewater Trail Caroline County ca. 1940 Include in Phase IB 

130 House, 15416 Tidewater Trail Caroline County pre-1963 Include in Phase IB 

131 House, 15462 Tidewater Trail Caroline County pre-1944 Include in Phase IB 

132 House, 16071 Tidewater Trail Caroline County pre-1963 Include in Phase IB 

133 House, 3437 Fredericksburg Turnpike Caroline County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-7 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS IN APE AND 

RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number Name/Address City/County 

Date of 

Construction 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

134 House, 3460 Fredericksburg Turnpike Caroline County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

135 House, 4004 Fredericksburg Turnpike Caroline County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

136 House, 4024 Fredericksburg Turnpike Caroline County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

137 House, 2112 Marengo Plantation Lane Spotsylvania County ca. 1900 Include in Phase IB 

138 House, 9015 Thornton Rolling Road Spotsylvania County pre-1963 Include in Phase IB 

139 House, 9018 Thornton Rolling Road Spotsylvania County ca. 1940 Include in Phase IB 

140 House, 9004 Thornton Rolling Road Spotsylvania County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

141 House, 9000 Thornton Rolling Road Spotsylvania County ca. 1950 Include in Phase IB 

142 Civil War Earthworks Spotsylvania County ca. 1863 Include in Phase IB 

143 Civil War Earthworks Spotsylvania County ca. 1863 Include in Phase IB 

144 Ferry Farm Neighborhood Historic 

District Stafford County ca. 1960 Include in Phase IB 

 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

REFERENCES 

Chase, Kristine 

2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey of Structures for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, 

Virginia High Speed Rail Project Rosslyn to Alexandria (ROAF) through Buckingham 

Brach/Hospital Wye (BBHW) Segments. Dovetail Cultural Resource Group, 

Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

Clarke, Wayne E. 

1976 An Initial Archaeological Survey of the Route 3 East-West Connector in the Fall Line Zone 

of the Rappahannock River, Virginia. Virginia State Library, Richmond, Virginia. 

Cultural Resources, Inc. (CRI) 

2006 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed Sherwood Development Stafford County, 

Virginia. Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

Geier, Clarence R., and Stephen Lotts 

2004 An Overview and Assessment of Archaeological Resources and Landscapes within Lands 

Managed by Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park: Volume II: The 

Battlefields of Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg and the Associated National Park 

Properties of “Stonewall” Jackson Shrine and Chatham; Report of Findings and 

Archaeological Site Descriptions-2004. Department of Sociology and Anthropology 

James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia. 

Hanney, Holly L., and David A. Edwards 

1998 National Register of Historic Places nomination for the Walker-Grant School. 

Electronic document, http://dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Fredericksburg/111-

5006_Walker-Grant_HS_1998_Final_Nomination.pdf, accessed July 2016. 

Harrison, James G., III, and Robert Adams 

1990 Ferry Farm II: Phase I Archaeological Survey of a 30-Acre Tract at Ferry Farm, Stafford 

County, Virginia. Harrison and Associates, Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc. (JRIA) 

1989 Phase I Archaeological Survey of 4 Acres in Parcel B at Ferry Farm, Stafford County, 

Virginia. James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc., Jamestown, Virginia. 

Klein, Mike, Emily Calhoun, Marco Gonzalez, and Earl. E. Proper 

2015 Archaeological Background Review and Predictive Model for the Washington, D.C. to 

Richmond, Virginia, Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor. Dovetail Cultural Resource 

Group, Fredericksburg, Virginia.’ 

7
REFERENCES 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

Lukezic, Craig 

1990 Soils and Settlement Location in 18th Century Colonial Tidewater Virginia. Historical

Archaeology 24(1):1–17 

Manning, M. Chris, and Michelle Salvato 

2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High 

Speed Rail Project Crossroads to Guinea (XRGU), Guinea to Milford (GUMD), and Milford 

to North Doswell (MDND) Segments, Spotsylvania, Caroline, and Hanover Counties. 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group, Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

McLearen, Douglas C., Mary Ellen Bushey, and Beverly J. Binns 

1992 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of Proposed Highway Improvements to Route 218, 

Stafford County, Virginia. Virginia Commonwealth University, Archaeological 

Research Center, Richmond. 

Mouer, Daniel L. 

1998 A “phase one” cultural resources survey of a proposed development tract in Stafford County, 

Virginia. Archaeology and Historic Preservation Consulting, Richmond, Virginia. 

Potter, Stephen R. 

1993 Commoners, Tribute, and Chiefs: The Development of Algonquian Culture in the Potomac 

Valley. University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville, Virginia. 

Soil Survey Staff 

2016 Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department 

of Agriculture. Web Soil Survey. Electronic document, http:// 

websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/, accessed May 2016. 

Staton, Heather Dollins, and Adriana Lesiuk 

2015 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High 

Speed Rail Project Dahlgren Junction to Fredericksburg (DJFB) Segment City of 

Fredericksburg and Stafford County. Dovetail Cultural Resource Group, 

Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

Staton, Heather Dollins, Adriana Lesiuk, and M. Chris Manning 

2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High 

Speed Rail Project Arkendale to Dahlgren Junction (ARDJ), Stafford County. Dovetail 

Cultural Resource Group, Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

Traum, Sarah 

2013 Update and Expansion of the 1970 Nomination of the Falmouth Historic District 089-

0067. Completed by John Milner Associates, Inc. 

Turner, E. Randolph 

1976 An Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Study on the Evolution of Rank Societies in the 

Virginia Coastal Plain. Ph.D. dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, State 

College, Pennsylvania. 
REFERENCES 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

Virginia Department of Historic Resource (DHR) 

2016 Various files on file at the DHR archives, Richmond, Virginia. 

Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission 

1970 Fredericksburg Historic District National Register of Historic Places Nomination. 

Electronic document, http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/ 

Fredericksburg/111-0132_Fredericksburg_HD_1971_Final_Nomination.pdf, 

accessed July 2016. 

Ward, H. Trawick 

1965 Correlation of Mississippian Sites and Soil Types. Southeastern Archaeological 

Conference Bulletin 3:42–48. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND REVIEW TABLE 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

016-0019 Prospect Hill, Routes 17 & 610 1842 

NRHP Listing, 

VLR Listing 1976 

016-0047 Mount Sion, Mt. Zion, Route 2 ca. 1720 

DHR Board Det. 

Not Eligible 1987 

088-0039 

La Vue, Prospect View, 3232 Lavue Lane - Alt 

Route 697 ca. 1848 

NRHP Listing, 

VLR Listing 1994 

088-0061 Saint Julien, 9630 Sandy Lane, Route 2 1804 

NRHP Listing, 

VLR Listing 1975 

088-0271 House, 3041 Summit Crossing Road ca. 1913 Not Evaluated 

088-0280 

Farm, 3033 Summit Crossing Road, Summit 

Station Farm ca. 1840 Not Evaluated 

088-5181 Bank's Ford, Salem Church Battlefield 1863 

Federal Det. Of 

Eligibility 2016 

088-5413 

CSX Railroad Corridor, Richmond, 

Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad ca. 1837 

DHR Staff: 

Potentially 

Eligible 2012 

089-0011 

Chatham, Chatham Unit, 

Fredericksburg/Spotsylvania National Military 

Park ca. 1768 Not Evaluated 

089-0014 

Sherwood Forest, 971 Kings Highway - Alt 

Route 3 ca. 1810 

DHR Staff: 

Eligible 1994 

089-0016 

Ferry Farm, George Washington's Boyhood 

Home Site ca. 1890 

NHL Listing, 

NRHP Listing, 

VLR Listing 

2000 (NHL); 1999 

(NRHP) 

089-0016-

0001 Trench, Ferry Farm, 268 King's Highway ca. 1862 Not Evaluated 

089-0036 Bonaise, 260 White Oak Road ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

089-0042 House, Lupton Lane 1870 Not Evaluated 

089-0043 Lane House, Naomi Road 1890 Not Evaluated 

089-0062 House, 185 Forest Lane 1934 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

089-0067 Falmouth Historic District post-1727 

NRHP Listing, 

VLR Listing 1970 

089-0079 House, 201 Jett Drive, House, Route 607 ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 2016 

089-0080 Bridge #6075, RFP Tunnel Bridge 1931 Not Evaluated 

089-0249 

Bentley Forest, Burnside Manor, 901 Northside 

Drive ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 

089-0262 Farm, Route 3 not listed Not Evaluated 

089-0277 House, 270 Butler Road ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-0278 

Incinerator, Recycling Center, no # Cool Springs 

Road 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-0279 House, 678 King Highway ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

089-0280 Farm, 554 Kings Highway, Rumford Farm ca. 1930 

DHR Staff: Not 

Eligible 1996 

089-0283 Duff Green House, 638 Kings Highway ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-0288 Eastwood, 498 Caisson Road 1829 

DHR Staff: 

Eligible 2003 

089-0291 Finney House, House, 305 Butler Road ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0292 

House, 321 Butler Road, United National Real 

Estate Office ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0293 

House, 333 Chatham Heights Road, House, 360 

Butler Road ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0294 

House, 106 Butler Road, House, 319 Chatham 

Heights Road ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0295 

Broils House, House, 309 Chatham Heights 

Road, House, 374 Butler Road ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-0296 Harrison House, 43 Deacon Road ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0297 House, 18 Deacon Road, Vance Sullivan House ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0298 House, 16 Deacon Road, Shelton House ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0299 House, 14 Deacon Road ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0300 House, 12 Deacon Rd, Reynolds-McCoy House ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0301 House, 10 Deacon Road ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0302 House, 8 Deacon Road ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0303 E.G. Harris House, House, 6 Deacon Road ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-0304 House, 4 Deacon Road, McWhart House ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

089-0305 

11 Debruen Lane, Biscoe House, House, 131 

White Oak Road ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-0306 

Abandoned House, Northside Drive, De Bruyn 

Estate ca. 1870 

DHR Staff: Not 

Eligible 1993 

089-0308 Belmont House, House, 202 White Oak Road 1941 Not Evaluated 

089-0309 Belmont House, House, 202 White Oak Road 1941 Not Evaluated 

089-5097 House, 140 Sherwood Forest Farm Road ca. 1910 

DHR Staff: Not 

Eligible 2007 

089-5481 House, 212 Marion Street ca. 1965 Not Evaluated 

089-5482 House, 213 Marion Street 1955 Not Evaluated 

089-5483 House, 214 Marion Street 1961 Not Evaluated 

089-5484 House, 215 Marion Street 1958 Not Evaluated 

089-5485 House, 217 Marion Street ca. 1965 Not Evaluated 

089-5486 House, 218 Marion Street 1955 Not Evaluated 

089-5487 House, 219 Marion Street ca. 1965 Not Evaluated 

089-5488 House, 220 Marion Street 1952 Not Evaluated 

089-5489 House, 221 Marion Street ca. 1965 Not Evaluated 

089-5490 House, 222 Marion Street 1965 Not Evaluated 

089-5491 House, 224 Marion Street 1964 Not Evaluated 

089-5492 Auto Repair Shop, 201 Willow Street ca. 1955 Not Evaluated 

089-5493 Auto Repair Shop, 207 Willow Street 1947 Not Evaluated 

089-5494 

Church, 240 Chatham Heights Road, Emanual 

AME Church ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

089-5495 Commercial Building, 300 Chatham Heights Road 1945 Not Evaluated 

089-5496 Auto Repair Shop, 308 Chatham Heights Road 1960 Not Evaluated 

089-5497 Car Wash, 312 Chatham Heights Road 1960 Not Evaluated 

089-5498 House, 325 Chatham Heights Road 1959 Not Evaluated 

089-5499 House/Commercial Building, 515 Pratt Street ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-5500 House, 216 Claiborne Avenue ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-5501 House, 218 Claiborne Avenue 1939 Not Evaluated 

089-5502 House, 300 Claiborne Avenue 1959 Not Evaluated 

089-5503 House, 302 Claiborne Avenue 1959 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-4 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

089-5504 House, 304 Claiborne Avenue 1959 Not Evaluated 

089-5505 House, 305 Claiborne Avenue 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-5506 House, 307 Claiborne Avenue ca. 1965 Not Evaluated 

089-5507 House, 404 Claiborne Avenue 1932 Not Evaluated 

089-5508 House, 406 Claiborne Avenue 1932 Not Evaluated 

089-5509 House, 412 Claiborne Avenue 1946 Not Evaluated 

089-5510 House, 416 Claiborne Avenue 1939 Not Evaluated 

089-5511 House, 422 Claiborne Avenue 1927 Not Evaluated 

089-5512 House, 426 Claiborne Avenue 1947 Not Evaluated 

089-5513 House, 500 Claiborne Avenue 1951 Not Evaluated 

089-5514 House, 502 Claiborne Avenue ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-5515 House, 504 Claiborne Avenue ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-5516 House, 506 Claiborne Avenue ca. 1950 Not Evaluated 

089-5517 House, 204 Jefferson Avenue 1960 Not Evaluated 

089-5518 House, 211 East Chatham Street ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-5519 House, 301 East Chatham Street 1942 Not Evaluated 

089-5520 House, 303 East Chatham Street 1929 Not Evaluated 

089-5521 House, 306 East Chatham Street 1960 Not Evaluated 

089-5522 House, 310 East Chatham Street 1956 Not Evaluated 

089-5523 House, 106 Valley View Place 1946 Not Evaluated 

089-5524 House, 108 Valley View Place 1962 Not Evaluated 

089-5525 House, 201 Madison Avenue 1937 Not Evaluated 

089-5526 House, 204 Madison Avenue 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-5527 House, 205 Madison Avenue ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

089-5528 House, 206 Madison Avenue 1951 Not Evaluated 

089-5529 House, 207 Madison Avenue 1960 Not Evaluated 

089-5530 House, 208 Madison Avenue 1948 Not Evaluated 

089-5531 House, 402 Monroe Avenue 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-5532 House, 403 Monroe Avenue ca. 1933 Not Evaluated 

089-5533 House, 405 Monroe Avenue 1943 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-5 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

089-5534 House, 406 Monroe Avenue 1938 Not Evaluated 

089-5535 House, 407 Monroe Avenue ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-5536 House, 56 Cool Springs Road ca. 1952 Not Evaluated 

089-5537 House, 203 Cobb Street ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-5538 House, Cobb Street ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-5539 Abandoned House, Cobb Street ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-5540 House, 12 Railroad Lane ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-5541 House, 18 Railroad Lane ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-5542 House, 24 Railroad Lane ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-5543 House, 30 Railroad Lane ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

089-5544 House, 205 Jett Drive 1910 Not Evaluated 

089-5545 House, 206 Jett Drive ca. 1960 Not Evaluated 

089-5546 House, 207 Jett Drive ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

089-5547 House, 210 Jett Drive ca. 1950 Not Evaluated 

089-5548 House, 212 Jett Drive ca. 1962 Not Evaluated 

089-5549 House, 215 Jett Drive ca. 1953 Not Evaluated 

089-5550 House, 216 Jett Drive ca. 1962 Not Evaluated 

089-5551 House, 218 Jett Drive ca. 1962 Not Evaluated 

089-5552 House, 221 Jett Drive ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

089-5553 House, 180 Kings Highway 1961 Not Evaluated 

111-0009 Fredericksburg Historic District Extension post 1775 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0691 Walker-Grant School, 201 Gunnery Road ca. 1938 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0693 House, 209 Ferdinand Street ca. 2005 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0694 House, 211 Ferdinand Street ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0695 House, 213 Ferdinand Street ca. 2005 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0696 House, 217 Ferdinand Street ca. 2005 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0698 House, 428 Dunmore Street ca. 1835 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-6 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0009-

0699 House, 424 Dunmore Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0700 House, 422 Dunmore Street ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0701 House, 420 Dunmore Street ca. 1925 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0702 House, 414-416-418 Dunmore Street ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0820 House, 206 Charles Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0009-

0821 

Colonial Heights Apartments, Mixed Use 

Building, 200-202 Charles Street ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 

111-0013 Chancellor House, 300 Caroline Street ca. 1780 Not Evaluated 

111-0023 

Dixon House, 401-403 Sophia St, Early Mayor's 

Home (Alleged) ca. 1843 Not Evaluated 

111-0024 

Dixon-Maury House, Matthew Maury House, 

W.W. Braxton House, 214 Caroline Street 1752 Not Evaluated 

111-0032 House, 204 Charles Street ca. 1868 Not Evaluated 

111-0038 

Hackley-Monroe House, James Monroe House, 

Joseph Jones House, 301 Caroline Street ca. 1785 Not Evaluated 

111-0046 

Commercial Building, 501 Caroline Street, 

Dixon-Jones House, John Paul Jones House, Old 

Time Lighting 1761 Not Evaluated 

111-0049 

House, 309 Caroline Street, Kimmin House, 

Mary Frances Lang House 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0067 

Dr. Charles Mortimer House, House, 213 

Caroline Street ca. 1780 Not Evaluated 

111-0068 

Dr. Brook House, Dr. Charles Mortimer House, 

House, 303 Caroline Street ca. 1775 Not Evaluated 

111-0076 

Double House, 203-205 Ferdinand Street, Old 

Academy, Old Gunnery House ca. 1830 Not Evaluated 

111-0077 Long House, 607 Sophia Street, Old Long House ca. 1810 Not Evaluated 

111-0091 

Bankhead House, Larkin Smith House, Rectory, 

307 Caroline Street, Rectory, St. George’s 

Episcopal Church 1787 Not Evaluated 

111-0094 Seddon House, 212 Caroline Street 1787 Not Evaluated 

111-0095 Sentry Box, 133 Caroline Street 1786 

NRHP Listing, 

VLR Listing 1992 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-7 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0101 

Colonial Tan-Yard, Tan-Yard Quarters, 309-311 

Sophia Street ca. 1770 Not Evaluated 

111-0104 

House, 521 Sophia Street, Hunter's Tavern, 523 

Sophia Street, Thornton's Ordinary, Thornton's 

Tavern post-1737 

DHR Staff: Not 

Eligible 2007 

111-0116 

Goolrick-Caldwell House, John Williams House, 

Otis Brooks House, 211 Caroline Street 1787 Not Evaluated 

111-0132 Fredericksburg Historic District 1727 

NRHP Listing, 

VLR Listing 1971 

111-0132-

0014 House, 513–515 Caroline Street ca. 1810 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0016 House, 121 Caroline Street ca. 1795 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0018 House, 109 Caroline Street 1920 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0020 

Edgar M. Young and Houston K. Sweetster Grain 

Elevator, Purina Tower, 401 Charles Street 1916 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0022 

House, 406 Princess Anne Street, Railway 

Express Agency ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0047 House, 210 Sophia Street ca. 1810 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0048 Pump House, 301 Sophia Street ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0049 House, 310 Sophia Street 1947 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0050 

Children's House of Old Town, J. Broaddus 

Roofing & Sheet Metal, 100 Frederick Street, 312 

Sophia Street 

 ca. 1910 

Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0052 

Commercial Building, 419 Sophia Street, The 

Pool Table Store ca. 1830 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0053 

Commercial Building, 502 Sophia Street, 

Commonwealth Financial ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0054 

Brock's Riverside Grill, Restaurant, 503 Sophia 

Street ca. 1935 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0055 House, 504 Sophia Street ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0056 

Apartments, 506–512 Sophia Street, Sophia 

Square Apartments ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0058 House, 521 Sophia Street ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-8 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0132-

0059 House, 605 Sophia Street Pre 1915 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0060 Prince Hall Lodge, 609 Sophia Street ca. 1915 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0103 House, 211 Princess Anne Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0107 House, 201 Princess Anne Street ca. 1810 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0108 House, 204 Princess Anne Street ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0110 House, 209 Princess Anne Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0111 House, 210 Princess Anne Street ca. 1875 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0112 House, 212 Princess Anne Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0113 House, 214 Princess Anne Street ca. 1945 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0114 

House, 213 Princess Anne Street, John C. Rogers 

House 1891 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0115 

Annie H. and Benjamin Patterson House, 216 

Princess Anne Street 1881 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0116 House, 218 Princess Anne Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0117 House, 217 Princess Anne Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0118 

John T. Payne- John T. Hawkins House, 219 

Princess Anne Street ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0119 House, 220 Princess Anne Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0120 

Thomas Harrison House, 222 Princess Anne 

Street 1879 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0121 

Robert T. Raines House, 221 Princess Anne 

Street 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0122 

Henry W. Willenbucher House, 223 Princess 

Anne Street 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0123 

James Lee Cook House, 224 Princess Anne 

Street 1888 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-9 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0132-

0124 Clementina Toombs, 226 Princess Anne Street 1884 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0125 

John S. Berryman Stable, McGrath House, 225 

Princess Anne Street 1885 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0126 The 1770 House, 227 Princess Anne Street 1770 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0127 John Henry Lee House, 228 Princess Anne Street 1883 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0128 House, 230 Princess Anne Street ca. 1830 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0129 House, 232 Princess Anne Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0131 House, 302 Princess Anne Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0133 House, 306 Princess Anne Street ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0134 House, 308 Princess Anne Street ca. 1845 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0135 House, 310 Princess Anne Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0136 House, 312 Princess Anne Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0137 House, 317 Princess Anne Street ca. 1820 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0138 House, 314 Princess Anne Street 1826 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0139 William Taylor House, 316 Princess Anne Street 1805 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0140 

Daniel G. Read Bakery and House, 318 Princess 

Anne Street 1841 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0141 

Hillside Church of Christ, Mixed-Use Building, 

400 Princess Anne Street, Mocha Mo's Cafe ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0142 Commercial Building, 404 Princess Anne Street ca. 1845 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0144 John L. Knight House, 511 Princess Anne Street 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0145 David C. Coyle House, 513 Princess Anne Street 1822 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-10 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0132-

0193 Mixed Use Building, 200 Princess Anne Street ca. 1875 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0216 Single dwelling, 237 Charles Street ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0217 Single dwelling, 239 Charles Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0219 Spiritual Touch Salon, 241 Charles Street ca. 1935 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0220 Single dwelling, 300 Charles Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0221 Single dwelling, 302-302 1/2 Charles Street ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0222 Single dwelling, 304 Charles Street ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0223 Single dwelling, 305 Charles Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0224 Single dwelling, 306 Charles Street ca. 1790 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0226 Single dwelling, 317 Charles Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0227 

Commercial Building, 318 Charles Street, 

Machine Shop (Descriptive) ca. 1925 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0295 House, 311 Princess Anne Street ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0296 

313 Princess Anne Street, House, 313 Princess 

Anne Street ca. 1882 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0297 

John and Nettie Washington House, 315 Princess 

Anne Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0298 

Janney-Marshall Co., Inc., 401–415 Princess Anne 

Street ca. 1845 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0304 House, 601 Sophia Street ca. 1960 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0440 Single dwelling, 503 Caroline Street ca. 1815 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0441 House, 505 Caroline Street ca. 1815 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0442 Single dwelling, 507 Caroline Street ca. 1810 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-11 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0132-

0443 

Mixed Use Building, 508 Caroline Street, Nader's 

Grocery Store ca. 1830 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0444 Single dwelling, 509 Caroline Street ca. 1810 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0445 Multiple dwelling, 510 Caroline Street ca. 1820 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0446 Single dwelling, 511 Caroline Street ca. 1810 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0447 William Rollow Residence, 512 Caroline Street 1826 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0448 House, 514 Caroline Street ca. 1830 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0450 Single dwelling, 516 Caroline Street ca. 1825 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0451 

Ann Edwards House, 518 Caroline Street, Enos 

Richardson, Jr. Attorney at Law office 1845 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0452 Multiple dwelling, 517-519 Caroline Street ca. 1800 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0453 Single dwelling, 520 Caroline Street ca. 1790 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0454 

Claiborne Wigglesworth House, 522 Caroline 

Street 1821 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0455 

Elisha Dickenson Single dwelling, 524 Caroline 

Street ca. 1820 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0456 

Augustine's Restaurant, B.B. Sacrey Townhouse, 

Fredericksburg Square, I.B.P.O.E. #875 (Elks 

Lodge) 1905-1996, 525 Caroline Street 

1854 

Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0459 Single dwelling, 529 Caroline Street ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0461 Apartment House, 207 Princess Anne Street ca. 1965 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0462 Single dwelling, 307 Princess Anne Street ca. 1800 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0463 Single dwelling, 309 Princess Anne Street ca. 1883 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0464 

Fredericksburg Baptist Activity Center, 98 

Caroline Street 1967 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0465 Single dwelling, 99 Caroline Street ca. 1990 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-12 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0132-

0466 

Hughes Home, Nursing Home, 100 Caroline 

Street ca. 1970 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0467 Single Dwelling, 105 Lafayette Boulevard ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0468 Single dwelling, 101 Caroline Street ca. 1990 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0469 Single dwelling, 103 Caroline Street ca. 1830 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0470 John J. George House, 104 Caroline Street 1881 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0471 Single dwelling, 105 Caroline Street ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0472 Single dwelling, 107 Caroline Street ca. 1840 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0473 House, 110 Caroline Street ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0474 William T. Lowery House, 114 Caroline Street 1871 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0475 House, 116 Caroline Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0477 

Nannie Fitzpatrick House, William Fitzpatrick 

House, 122 Caroline Street 1908 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0478 House, 124 Caroline Street ca. 1908 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0479 House, 126 Caroline Street ca. 1908 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0480 Single dwelling, 132 Caroline Street ca. 1840 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0481 Single dwelling, 134 Caroline Street ca. 1840 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0482 Single dwelling, 136 Caroline Street 1855 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0483 Single dwelling, 138 Caroline Street ca. 1840 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0484 George French House, 113 Caroline Street 1820 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0485 Single dwelling, 115 Caroline Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-13 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0132-

0486 Captain John Sands House, 119 Caroline Street 1851 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0487 Single dwelling, 123 Caroline Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0488 James M. George House, 125 Caroline Street 1869 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0489 Hartman dwelling, 128 Caroline Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0490 

Bettie Flippo Wissner Residence, 129 Caroline 

Street 1907 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0491 Benjamin F. Currell House, 130 Caroline Street 1855 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0493 

Christopher Armat and John Pittman House, Old 

Harrison House, 140 Caroline Street ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0496 House, 204 Caroline Street ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0497 House, 205 Caroline Street ca. 1885 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0498 

Braxton Family House, Samuel Phillips House, 

206 Caroline Street 1836 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0499 House, 207 Caroline Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0500 House, 208 Caroline Street ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0501 

Goolrick-Caldwell House, 209 Caroline Street, 

Kitchen Dependency 1787 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0502 House, 210 Caroline Street ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0507 

Dr. Charles Mortimer House, House, 216 

Caroline Street 1787 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0511 House, 303 1/2 Caroline Street ca. 1875 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0512 William H. Smith House, 304 Caroline Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0513 Dr. George French Kitchen Dependency 1803 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0514 Dr. James Thornley House, 306 Caroline Street 1851 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-14 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0132-

0518 House, 102 Frederick Street ca. 1835 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0519 House, 202 Frederick Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0520 

Coffee Mill and Candy Store, Warehouse, 310 

Frederick Street ca. 1855 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0521 

Janney-Marshall Co., Inc. Warehouse, 

Warehouse, 312 Frederick Street ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0522 George Aler House, 314 Frederick Street 1851 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0524 House, 203 Princess Elizabeth Street ca. 1925 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0525 House, 204 Princess Elizabeth Street ca. 1855 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0526 House, 205 Princess Elizabeth Street 1797 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0527 

James N. Turner House, 207 Princess Elizabeth 

Street 1881 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0528 House, 209 Princess Elizabeth Street ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0529 House, 306 Princess Elizabeth Street ca. 2006 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0530 Single dwelling, 308 Princess Elizabeth Street ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0531 House, 309 Princess Elizabeth Street ca. 1975 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0532 House, 310 Princess Elizabeth Street ca. 1855 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0535 

A Touch of Glory Beauty Salon, Mixed Use 

Building, 317 Dixon Street ca. 1935 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0687 

Robert Ellis House, Single dwelling, 102 Wolfe 

Street ca. 1840 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0688 Single dwelling, 104 Wolfe Street ca. 1915 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0689 Single Dwelling, 106 Wolfe Street ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0700 Multiple dwelling, 101–103 Lafayette Boulevard ca. 1950 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-15 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-0132-

0702 Single dwelling, 107 Lafayette Boulevard ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0703 Single dwelling, 109 Lafayette Boulevard ca. 2000 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0704 

Claiborne's Restaurant, Fredericksburg Train 

Station, Rail-related, 200 Lafayette Boulevard, 

The Bavarian Chef 

 1910 

Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0705 Single dwelling, 203 Prince Edward Street ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0706 Single dwelling, 205 Prince Edward Street 1872 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0708 House, 209 Prince Edward Street ca. 1925 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0709 Single dwelling, 211 Prince Edward Street ca. 1895 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0710 Multiple dwelling, 213 Prince Edward Street ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0719 

Factory, 200 Prince Edward Street, New City 

Fellowship Church, W.H. Peden Excelsior and 

Lumber Co. Inc. ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0733 House, 407 Princess Elizabeth Street unknown Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0734 House, 408 Princess Elizabeth Street 1910 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0738 House, 224 Charles Street 2008 Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0744 403 Princess Elizabeth Street Unknown Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0745 405 Princess Elizabeth Street Unknown Not Evaluated 

111-0132-

0748 103 Sophia Street Unknown Not Evaluated 

111-0142 

Customs House, 208 Sophia Street, Ferry Toll 

Keeper's House ca. 1830 Not Evaluated 

111-0146 

Abandoned House, Northside Drive, De Bruyn 

Estate 1851 Not Evaluated 

111-5006 

Fredericksburg Colored School, Original 

Walker-Grant School, School, 200 Gunnery 

Road, Walker-Grant Cultural and Educational 

Center 1935 

NRHP Listing, 

VLR Listing 1998 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-16 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

111-5016 Old Bloomary, Old Boomery, Old Brewery 1764 Not Evaluated 

111-5017 House, 506 Main St, Old Bakery/Wroten House Unknown Not Evaluated 

111-5263 Pink House, 201 Caroline Street ca. 1885 Not Evaluated 

111-5268 Duplex, 308-310 Charles Street ca. 1830 Not Evaluated 

111-5295 Battle of Fredericksburg I 1862 Not Evaluated 

111-5296 Battle of Fredericksburg II 1863 

DHR Staff: 

Potentially 

Eligible 

2007 

Source: Dovetail, 2016. 

TABLE A-2: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHAEOLOGICAL APE 

DHR 

Number Type Period Evaluation Status 

44SP0027 Other Middle Archaic (6500–3001 B.C.) Not Evaluated 

44SP0028 Other Historic/Unknown Not Evaluated 

44SP0029 Other, Outbuilding Historic/Unknown, Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 

B.C.–A.D. 1606) 

Not Evaluated 

44SP0030 Other Late Woodland (1000–1606) Not Evaluated 

44SP0031 Other Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C, – A.D. 1606 ) Not Evaluated 

44SP0032 Other Middle Archaic (6500–3001 B.C.) Not Evaluated 

44SP0033 Other Early Woodland (1200 B.C.–A.D. 299) Not Evaluated 

44SP0042 No information Archaic (8500–1201 B.C.) Not Evaluated 

44SP0070 Brewery, Bridge, Iron furnace 18th Century (1700–1799), 19th Century (1800–

1899) 

Not Evaluated 

44SP0128 Bridge 19th Century: 3rd quarter (1850–1874) Not Evaluated 

44SP0187 Bridge 19th Century (1800–1899) Not Evaluated 

44SP0188 Mill 19th Century (1800–1899) Not Evaluated 

44SP0327 Dwelling, multiple 19th Century (1800–1899) Not Evaluated 

44SP0613 Ice house 19th Century (1800–1899), 19th Century: 1st 

quarter (1800–1825), 20th Century: 1st quarter 

(1900–1924) 

Not Evaluated 

44ST0004 Camp, temporary Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) Not Evaluated 

44ST0005 No information Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D.1606 ) Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-17 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-2: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHAEOLOGICAL APE 

DHR 

Number Type Period Evaluation Status 

44ST0006 No information Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D.1606 ) Not Evaluated 

44ST0010 Dwelling, single 18th Century (1700–1799), 19th Century (1800–

1899) 

DHR Staff: Potentially 

Eligible 

44ST0011 Other Historic/Unknown, Late Archaic (3000–1201 B.C.) Not Evaluated 

44ST0014 Camp Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) Not Evaluated 

44ST0015 Camp Middle Archaic (6500–3001 B.C.) Not Evaluated 

44ST0016 Camp No information Not Evaluated 

44ST0057 No information Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) Not Evaluated 

44ST0058 No information Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) Not Evaluated 

44ST0099 Dwelling, single 19th Century: 3rd quarter (1850–1874) Not Evaluated 

44ST0153 Mill 18th Century (1700–1799), 19th Century (1800–

1899) 

Not Evaluated 

44ST0172 Camp, temporary Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) Not Evaluated 

44ST0173 No information 19th Century: 2nd half (1850–1899) Not Evaluated 

44ST0174 Earthworks, Farmstead, 

Other 

Pre-Contact, Contact Period (1607–1750), Colony 

to Nation (1751–1789), Early National Period 

(1790–1829), Antebellum Period (1830–1860), 

Civil War (1861–1865), Reconstruction and 

Growth (1866–1916), World War I to World 

War II (1917–1945) 

Not Evaluated 

44ST0190 Other Woodland (1200 B.C.– A.D. 1606) Not Evaluated 

44ST0298 Military base/facility No information Not Evaluated 

44ST0490 Dwelling, single 20th Century (1900–1999) Not Evaluated 

44ST0615 Dwelling, single 19th Century (1800–1899) DHR Staff: Potentially 

Eligible 

44ST0618 No information 19th Century (1800–1899) Not Evaluated 

44ST0650 Dairy, Dependency, 

Farmstead, Lawn, Military field 

hospital, Orchard 

18th Century: 3rd quarter (1750–1774), 19th 

Century (1800–1899), 20th Century (1900–1999) 

Not Evaluated 

44ST0816 Dwelling, single 20th Century: 2nd half (1950–1999) Not Evaluated 

44ST0833 Camp, temporary Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) DHR Staff: Not Eligible 

44ST0834 Trash scatter 18th Century (1700–1799), 19th Century (1800–

1899), 20th Century (1900–1999) 

DHR Staff: Potentially 

Eligible 

44ST0835 Camp, temporary Early Archaic (8500–6501 B.C.) DHR Staff: Potentially 

Eligible 
APPENDIX A 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-18 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

TABLE A-2: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE 

ARCHAEOLOGICAL APE 

DHR 

Number Type Period Evaluation Status 

44ST0836 Lithic scatter, Trash scatter Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ), 

19th Century: 2nd/3rd quarter (1825–1874) 

DHR Staff: Not Eligible 

44ST0837 Lithic scatter, Trash scatter Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ), 

20th Century: 1st quarter (1900–1924) 

DHR Staff: Not Eligible 

44ST0838 Dwelling, single, Lithic scatter, 

Trash scatter 

Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ), 

18th Century: 2nd half (1750–1799), 19th Century: 

1st quarter (1800–1825) 

DHR Staff: Potentially 

Eligible 

44ST0839 Lithic scatter Historic/Unknown, Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 

B.C.–1606 A.D.) 

DHR Staff: Potentially 

Eligible 

44ST0840 Lithic scatter Historic/Unknown, Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 

B.C.–1606 A.D.) 

DHR Staff: Not Eligible 

44ST0841 Camp, temporary Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) DHR Staff: Not Eligible 

44ST0842 Camp, temporary Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) DHR Staff: Not Eligible 

44ST0843 Camp, temporary Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) DHR Staff: Not Eligible 

44ST0845 Lithic scatter, Trash scatter Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ), 

18th Century (1700–1799), 19th Century (1800–

1899) 

DHR Staff: Not Eligible 

44ST0846 Camp, temporary Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) DHR Staff: Not Eligible 

44ST0931 Artifact scatter, Outbuilding Late Archaic Period (3000–1201 B.C.), 19th 

Century: 2nd half (1850–1899) 

Not Evaluated 

44ST0932 Outbuilding 18th Century: 4th quarter (1775–1799), 19th 

Century: 2nd half (1850–1899) 

Not Evaluated 

44ST0933 Outbuilding 19th Century: 1st half (1800–1849), 20th Century: 

1st half (1900–1949) 

Not Evaluated 

44ST0934 Camp, temporary, 

Outbuilding 

Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ), 

19th Century: 4th quarter (1875–1899) 

Not Evaluated 

44ST1122 Lithic scatter Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) Not Evaluated 

44ST1124 Lithic scatter Prehistoric/Unknown (15000 B.C.– A.D. 1606 ) Not Evaluated 

44ST1147 Camp, Dwelling, single Late Woodland (1000–1606), Colony to Nation 

(1751–1789), Early National Period (1790–1829), 

Civil War (1861–1865) 

Not Evaluated 

Source: Dovetail, 2016. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail B-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

APPENDIX B: FBBP SEGMENT MAPS WITH ARCHITECTURAL 

APE 
























D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail C-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, FBBP Segment 

APPENDIX C: ASBP SEGMENT MAPS WITH 

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PHASE IA RESULTS 























Page 1 

801 E. Main St., Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

January 6, 2017 

Mr. Marc Holma 

Division of Review and Compliance 

Department of Historic Resources 

2801 Kensington Avenue 

Richmond, Virginia 22802 

RE: Cultural Resource Phase IA Reconnaissance Report/ Ashland Bypass (ASBP) 

Southeast High Speed Rail Tier II Environmental Impact Statement, Washington, DC to Richmond 

Segment. DHR #2014-0666 

Dear Marc, 

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation 

(DRPT) are continuing environmental studies associated with the Tier II Environmental Impact Statement 

for the Washington, DC to Richmond (DC2RVA) segment of the Southeast High Speed Rail corridor 

(Project). The limits of the Project extend from Control Point RO (MP CFP-110) in Arlington south to the 

CSX Transportation (“CSXT”) A-Line/CSXT-S-Line junction at MP A-11 in Centralia, Virginia (Chesterfield 

County), a distance of approximately 123 miles. This project is receiving federal funding through the 

FRA, requires permits issued by federal agencies such as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and will 

traverse federal land including parcels owned by the U.S. Marine Corps and the National Park Service 

(NPS), among others. Due to the involvement of several federal entities, the undertaking requires 

compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic 

Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended. 

The project Area of Potential Effects (APE) was approved by your agency on February 2, 2015, and the 

general approach to cultural resource studies has been the subject of numerous telephone calls, 

meetings, and emails. During our February 18, 2016 meeting, the DHR concurred that a Phase IA 

reconnaissance study of the two potential bypasses around Fredericksburg (Segment 21) and Ashland 

(Segment 22) would be a suitable first step to assessing cultural resources along the corridor given the 

preliminary nature of these alternatives. The report would present recommendations on future Phase 

IB identification studies should these alternatives be selected for the project. 

This current submittal contains the results of our Phase IA cultural resource study on the Ashland Bypass 

(ASBP). Enclosed you will find two copies of the report entitled Archaeological and Architectural Phase 

IA Study for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia, High Speed Rail Project, Ashland Bypass (ASBP) 

Segment, Hanover County. The report was authored by Heather Dollins Staton and Earl E. Proper, 
Page 2 

801 E. Main St., Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

members of the DC2RVA project team, and meets the standards set forth in both the Secretary of 

Interior’s Standards and Guidelines (1983) and the Virginia Department of Historic Resource’s (DHR) 

Guidelines for Preparing Identification and Evaluation Reports (2011).

The current study was designed to provide preliminary information on the APE and outline the potential 

for the area to contain National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-eligible cultural resources for planning 

purposes. As such, this initial study included a background review to identify previously recorded 

resources within the project footprint and within 0.5 miles of the architectural APE, a historic map 

review, a vehicular and partial pedestrian reconnaissance of the APE and surrounding viewshed to 

inspect the ASBP segment in consideration for archaeological potential and to note above-ground 

resources over 48 years in age (the age limit was developed to correspond to the anticipated 2017 

project completion date), the development of a list of architectural properties to be recorded during 

subsequent Phase IB identification-level studies, and maps showing the areas where archaeological 

Phase IB identification-level survey would be needed. 

In total, 119 above-ground resources over 48 years old were noted from the roadway during the 

vehicular survey (see Table 6-1 in the enclosed report). Of these, the DC2RVA Team identified 17 

resources (042-0340, 042-0342, 042-0556, 042-0777, 042-5048, 042-5731, 042-5732, 042-5733, 042-

5734, 042-5745, 042-5746, 042-5749, 042-5751, 042-5752, 042-5767, 042-5768, and 500-0001/088-

5413) that were included in the reconnaissance-level architectural surveys for other segments. As such, 

a revisit is not required as part of the current Phase IA study and they are not recommended for future 

Phase IB survey. One additional resource (Willow Springs, 042-5761) was determined not eligible for the 

NRHP in 2016; because of the recent determination, a revisit during the Phase IB survey is not 

necessary. Of the remaining 101 resources, 12 are previously recorded and 89 are unrecorded. Two of 

the previously recorded resources (Maplewood, 042-0051 and Montevideo, 042-0392) were determined 

eligible for the NRHP by DHR staff in 1994 and one previously recorded resource (Bridge #1003, 042-

5014) was determined not eligible for the NRHP in 1998. These three resources should be revisited 

during the Phase IB survey to ensure that they retain characteristics exhibited during those previous 

eligibility determinations. The remaining nine previously recorded resources (042-0091, 042-0096, 042-

0343, 042-0361, 042-0372, 042-0393, 042-0402, 042-0592, and 042-5760) have not been formally 

evaluated for the NRHP. In addition to the two resources recommended eligible and the one resource 

recommend not eligible by DHR staff, the Team recommends that those nine unevaluated resources and 

the 89 newly recorded resources should be surveyed as part of the Phase IB study. 

The Phase IA archaeological survey included both the bypass corridor and six road crossing modification 

areas. In general, the APE is defined by agricultural fields and forested lots, with scattered rural home 

sites and small residential developments. Obvious disturbance within the ASBP segment APE is confined 

to portions of the six road improvement areas. Most of the agricultural fields and forested lots appear to 
Page 3 

801 E. Main St., Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

have the potential to contain archaeological sites. Therefore, as a result of the Phase IA archaeological 

reconnaissance survey, the Team is recommending that approximately 100.5 acres of the overall 162.1-

acre ASBP segment requires Phase IB archaeological testing (62 percent). Mapping depicting these areas 

can be found in Appendix C of the enclosed report. 

We invite your agency to concur with these recommendations within 30 days of receipt of this letter. If 

you have questions about historic property studies for this project, please do not hesitate to contact me 

at (540) 899-9170 or via email at kbarile@dovetailcrg.com. 

Sincerely, 

Kerri S. Barile, Ph.D. 

President, Dovetail Cultural Resource Group 

CC: Emily Stock, DRPT 

 John Winkle, FRA 

 John Morton, HDR 

 Carey Burch, HDR 

 Stephen Walter, Parsons
COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA 

Molly Joseph Ward 

Secretmy olNatuml Resources 

3 February 2017 

Department of Historic Resources 

2801 Kensington Avenue, Richmond, Virginia 23221 

Dr. Kerri Barile, Ph.D. 

DC to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 

Richmond, Virginia 23219 

.lulte V Langan 

/),reUor 

Tel (804) 367-23n 

Fax (804) 367-239 l 

www.dhr v1rginia gov 

RE: Phase IA cultural resources survey for SEHSR, Washington, DC to Richmond, Virginia, 

Fredericksburg Bypass (Segment 21) 

Chesterfield County and City of Richmond 

VDHR File No. 2014-0666 

Dear Dr. Barile: 

The Department of Historic Resources (OHR) has received for our review and comment the cultural 

resources Phase IA survey for Segment 21 (Fredericksburg Bypass) of the Southeast High Speed Rail 

(SEHSR), Washington, DC to Richmond, Virginia (DC2RVA) corridor. The report "Architectural 

Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia, High Speed Rail Project, 

Fredericksburg Bypass (FBBP) Segment, Stafford, Caroline, and Spotsylvania Counties" (January 2017) 

prepared by the DC2RVA Project Team includes background data to place each recorded resource within 

the proper historic context and documents the results of preliminary architectural and archaeological 

fieldwork. Although not reflected in the document's title it contains the results of an archives search for 

previously identified archaeological sites. The report also contains recommendations for further survey, 

both for architectural and archaeological resources, at the Phase lB level in the event that the 

Fredericksburg Bypass alternative is carried forward for additional environmental study. 

The OHR concurs with the consultant's recommendation for additional architectural and archaeological 

survey. 

If you have any questions about our comments, please contact me at (804) 482-6090. 

Marc Ima, Ar itectural Historian 

Review and Compliance Division 

Eastern Region Office 

2801 Kensington /\venue 

Richmond. VA 2322 l 

Tel (804) 367-2323 

Fax (804) 367-239 l 

Western Region Office 

')62 Kime Lane 

Salem, VA 24153 

Tel (540) 387-5443 

Fax (540) 387-5446 

Northern Region Office 

5357 Main Street 

ro Box 519 

Stephens City, VA 22655 

Tel ("40) 868-7029 

Fax (540) 868-7033