APPENDIX G: EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION INFORMATION 

APPENDIX G: EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS AND FUEL 

CONSUMPTION INFORMATION
Table G-1. Total Diverted Vehicle, Bus and Plane Trips (passenger-miles/year)

Vehicles Buses Planes

Illinois 33,661,152 22,047,000 2,445,120 4,319,712 28,811,832 4,849,320

Indiana 102,853,520 67,365,000 7,471,200 13,199,120 88,035,320 14,818,200

Michigan 575,979,712 377,246,000 41,838,720 73,915,072 492,999,792 82,979,920

TOTAL 712,494,384 466,658,000 51,755,040 91,433,904 609,846,944 102,647,440

Vehicles Buses Planes

Illinois 598,284 608,423 75,709 90,426 774,559 -176,275

Indiana 1,828,090 1,859,062 231,335 276,302 2,366,698 -538,608

Michigan 10,237,304 10,410,785 1,295,473 1,547,289 13,253,547 -3,016,243

TOTAL 12,663,678 12,878,269 1,602,517 1,914,016 16,394,803 -3,731,125

Vehicles Buses Planes

HC 80.89 131.86 9.01 4.43 145.29 -64.40

CO 531.37 1,033.01 72.42 27.82 1,133.25 -601.88

NOX 1,827.03 1,063.93 73.97 89.15 1,227.06 599.97

PM-10 47.42 52.42 3.67 0.00 56.08 -8.67

PM-2.5 46.00 43.56 3.11 0.00 46.67 -0.67

SO2 1.34 2.20 0.14 2.53 4.86 -3.52

CO2 141,687.56 113,850.34 17,929.77 20,190.96 151,971.06 -10,823.51

Table G-2. Estimated Changes in Fuel Use from Diversion of Vehicle, Bus and Plane Trips 

(Gallons)

Total reduction Net Change

Build Alternate 2035

Polluntant Additional Train 

Emissions

Reduction in Emissions

Total Reduction Net Change

Table G-3. Estimated Changes in Air Pollutants from Diversion of Vehicle, Bus and Plane Trips 

(Tons per Year)

Build Alternate 2035

State

Additional Train 

Fuel 

Consumption

Reduction in Fuel Consumption

Build Alternate 2035

State

Additional Train 

Passengermiles

Number of Diverted Passenger-miles

Total Diverted 

Trips Net Change

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-1

Note: A negative net change indicates that the implementation of the Build Alternative will result in an overall decrease in fuel consumption 

as the additional rail service is replacing passenger vehicle, bus, and plane trips along a similar route, and uses less fuel per passenger then 

other modes of transportation.

Note: A negative net change indicates that the implementation of the Build Alternative will result in an overall decrease in emissions as the 

additional rail service is replacing passenger vehicle, bus, and plane trips along a similar route, and produces fewer emissions per passenger 

then other modes of transportation.
Chicago to Detroit Intercity Passenger Rail Service - Illinois

Build Alternative Quantity Source:

Total Annual Ridership 2,830,000 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Existing Rail Trips 495,250 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Total New Rail Trips 2,337,580 TEMS Study (June 2014)

New Trips from natural growth & induced demand 336,770 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Breakdown of Diverted Trips

Auto Diverted Trips 1,531,030 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Bus Diverted Trips 169,800 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Air Diverted Trips 299,980 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Auto

Auto miles (Illinois) one way 14.4 miles

Nationwide % passenger cars 60.3% Percenta

Nationwide % passenger trucks 39.7% Percenta

Average passenger car energy intensity 3,538 Btu/passenger mile

Average passenger truck energy intensity 3,663 Btu/passenger mile

Average passengers per car 1.55 passengers/vehiclea

Average passengers per truck 1.84 passengers/vehiclea

Total diverted auto passenger miles per year 22,047,000 passenger-miles/year

Annual diverted auto fuel consumption 79,095 MMBtu/yr

Gasoline heating value 130,000 Btu/gal - USEPA AP-42 Appendix A

Annual auto fuel consumption diverted 608,423 gallons per year

Annual auto miles diverted 13,241,143 miles per year

Bus

Intercity passenger bus energy intensitya

4,242 Btu/passenger mile

One-way distance 14.4 miles

Total diverted bus passenger miles per year 2,445,120 passenger-miles/year

Annual diverted bus fuel consumption 10,372 MMBtu/yr

Diesel fuel heating value 137,000 Btu/gal - USEPA AP-42 Appendix A

Annual diverted bus fuel consumption 75,709 gallons per year

Train

Intercity passenger train energy intensitya

2,435 Btu/passenger mile

One-way distance 14 miles

Total new train passenger miles per year 33,661,152 passenger-miles/year

Annual new passenger train fuel consumption 81,965 MMBtu/yr

Diesel fuel heating value 137,000 Btu/gal - USEPA AP-42 Appendix A

Annual new passenger train fuel consumption 598,284 gallons per year

Air

Air transportation energy intensitya

2,826 Btu/passenger mile

Table G-4. Estimate of Diverted Trips- Illinois 

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-2
One-way distance 14 miles

Total diverted air passenger miles per year 4,319,712 passenger-miles/year

Jet fuel heating value 135,000 Btu/gala

Jet fuel density 7 lb/gal

Annual air fuel consumption diverted 12,208 MMBtu/yr

Annual air fuel consumption diverted 90,426 gal/yr

Annual air fuel consumption diverted 270,952 kg/yr

a

 US Department of Energy Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 30-2011.

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-3
Emission 

Factor[1],[4]

(g/gal)

(lb/gal) 

CO2

Emissions 

Added

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Added

(ton/yr)

Emission 

Factor[2]

(g/mile)

(lb/gal) 

CO2

Emissions 

Diverted

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Diverted

(ton/yr)

Emission 

Factor[3],[4]

(g/kg) 

(lb/gal) 

CO2

Emissions 

Diverted

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Diverted

(ton/yr)

Emission 

Factor[2]

(g/mile)

(lb/gal) CO2

Emissions 

Diverted

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Diverted

(ton/yr)

Hydrocarbons 5.8 7,643 3.82 0.4272 12,459 6.23 0.7 418 0.2 0 851 0.43 -3.04 6.86

Carbon monoxide (CO) 38.1 50,208 25.10 3.3467 97,608 48.80 4.4 2,629 1.3 1 6,843 3.42 -28.44 53.54Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 131 172,633 86.32 3.4469 100,530 50.26 14 8,424 4 1 6,990 3.49 28.34 57.97

PM10 3.4 4,481 2.24 0.1698 4,953 2.48 0 347 0.17 -0.41 2.65

PM2.5 3.298 4,346 2.17 0.1411 4,116 2.06 0 294 0.15 -0.03 2.20

SO2[5] 0.096 127 0.06 0.0071 207 0.10 0.4 239 0.119 0 13 0.01 -0.17 0.23

Carbon dioxide[4] (CO2) 22.377 13,387,801 6,693.90 17.681 10,757,528 5,378.76 21.098 1,907,807 953.9 22 1,694,151 847.08 -485.84 7,179.74

Total 

Emissions 

Diverted 

(ton/yr)

[1] Except CO2, emission factors from EPA document EPA420-F-09-025; Emission Factors for Locomotives; Dated April 2009. Emission factors are projected calendar year 2015 

emission factors for passenger/commuter locomotives (Tier 4). 

[2] Emission factors from data output from EPA Moves2010b model run for 2015. [3] Except CO2, emission factors from US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration document "Assessing the Effects of Freight Movement on Air Quality at the 

National and Regional Level; Final Report; April 2005". Emission factors are projected for 2015.

[4] CO2 Emission factors from US Department of Transportation Energy Information Administration Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program - Coefficients webpage. 

Emission factors are in units of lb/gal.

Net 

Change

(ton/yr)

Table G-5. Emissions Calculations- Illinois 

[5] Train SO2 emission factor calculated based on 15 ppm (weight basis) diesel fuel sulfur content: 

Pollutant

Additional Passenger Train 

Emissions Automobile Emissions Diverted Airline Emissions Diverted Bus Emissions Diverted 

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-4

Note: A negative net change indicates that the implementation of the Build Alternative will result in an overall decrease in emissions as the additional rail service is replacing passenger vehicle, bus, and plane trips along a similar route, and produces fewer emissions per passenger then other modes of transportation.
Chicago to Detroit Intercity Passenger Rail Service - Indiana

Build Alternative Quantity Source:

Total Annual Ridership 2,830,000 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Exisiting Rail Trips 495,250 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Total New Rail Trips 2,337,580 TEMS Study (June 2014)

New Trips from natural growth & induced demand 336,770 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Auto Diverted Trips 1,531,030 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Bus Diverted Trips 169,800 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Air Diverted Trips 299,980 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Auto

Auto miles one way 44 miles

Nationwide % passenger cars 60.3% Percenta

Nationwide % passenger trucks 39.7% Percenta

Average passenger car energy intensity 3,538 Btu/passenger mile

Average passenger truck energy intensity 3,663 Btu/passenger mile

Average passengers per car 1.55 passengers/vehiclea

Average passengers per truck 1.84 passengers/vehiclea

Total diverted auto passenger miles per year 67,365,000 passenger-miles/year

Annual diverted auto fuel consumption 241,678 MMBtu/yr

Gasoline heating value 130,000 Btu/gal - USEPA AP-42 Appendix A

Annual auto fuel consumption diverted 1,859,062 gallons per year

Annual auto miles diverted 40,458,547 miles per year

Bus

Intercity passenger bus energy intensitya

4,242 Btu/passenger mile

One-way distance 44 miles

Total diverted bus passenger miles per year 7,471,200 passenger-miles/year

Annual diverted bus fuel consumption 31,693 MMBtu/yr

Diesel fuel heating value 137,000 Btu/gal - USEPA AP-42 Appendix A

Annual diverted bus fuel consumption 231,335 gallons per year

Train

Intercity passenger train energy intensitya

2,435 Btu/passenger mile

One-way distance 44 miles

Total new train passenger miles per year 102,853,520 passenger-miles/year

Annual new passenger train fuel consumption 250,448 MMBtu/yr

Diesel fuel heating value 137,000 Btu/gal - USEPA AP-42 Appendix A

Annual new passenger train fuel consumption 1,828,090 gallons per year

Air

Air transportation energy intensitya

2,826 Btu/passenger mile

Breakdown of Diverted Trips

Table G-6. Estimate of Diverted Trips- Indiana

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-5
One-way distance 44 miles

Total diverted air passenger miles per year 13,199,120 passenger-miles/year

Jet fuel heating value 135,000 Btu/gala

Jet fuel density 6.60 lb/gal

Annual air fuel consumption diverted 37,301 MMBtu/yr

Annual air fuel consumption diverted 276,302 gal/yr

Annual air fuel consumption diverted 827,910 kg/yr

a

 US Department of Energy Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 30-2011.

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-6
Emission 

Factor[1],[4]

(g/gal)

(lb/gal) CO2

Emissions 

Added

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Added

(ton/yr)

Emission 

Factor[2]

(g/mile)

(lb/gal) 

CO2

Emissions 

Diverted

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Diverted

(ton/yr)

Emission 

Factor[3],[4]

(g/kg) 

(lb/gal) CO2

Emissions 

Diverted

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Diverted

(ton/yr)

Emission 

Factor[2]

(g/mile)

(lb/gal) 

CO2

Emissions 

Diverted

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Diverted

(ton/yr)

Hydrocarbons 5.8 23,354 11.68 0.4272 38,069 19.03 0.7 1,278 0.6 0.1581 2,601 1.30 -9.30 20.97Carbon monoxide (CO) 38.1 153,415 76.71 3.3467 298,244 149.12 4.4 8,032 4.02 1.2706 20,909 10.45 -86.89 163.59Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 131 527,489 263.74 3.4469 307,171 153.59 14.1 25,740 12.87 1.2978 21,357 10.68 86.61 177.13

PM10 3.4 13,691 6.85 0.1698 15,133 7.57 0 0.0644 1,059 0.53 -1.25 8.10

PM2.5 3.298 13,280 6.64 0.1411 12,576 6.29 0 0.0545 898 0.45 -0.10 6.74

SO2[5] 0.096 387 0.19 0.0071 634 0.32 0.4 730 0.4 0.0024 39 0.02 -0.51 0.70

Carbon dioxide[4] (CO2) 22.377 40,907,168 20,453.58 17.681 32,870,067 16,435.03 21.098 5,829,411 2,915 22.377 5,176,573 2,588.29 9,571.83 21,938.03

Table G-7. Emissions Calculations- Indiana

[5] Train SO2 emission factor calculated based on 15 ppm (weight basis) diesel fuel sulfur content: 

Pollutant

Additional Passenger Train Emissions Automobile Emissions Diverted Airline Emissions Diverted Bus Emissions Diverted Total 

Emissions 

Diverted 

(ton/yr)

[1] Except CO2, emission factors from EPA document EPA420-F-09-025; Emission Factors for Locomotives; Dated April 2009. Emission factors are projected calendar year 2015 emission 

factors for passenger/commuter locomotives (Tier 4). 

[2] Emission factors from data output from EPA Moves2010b model run for 2015. [3] Except CO2, emission factors from US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration document "Assessing the Effects of Freight Movement on Air Quality at the National 

and Regional Level; Final Report; April 2005". Emission factors are projected for 2015.

[4] CO2 Emission factors from US Department of Transportation Energy Information Administration Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program - Coefficients webpage. Emission 

factors are in units of lb/gal.

Net 

Change

(ton/yr)

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-7

Note: A negative net change indicates that the implementation of the Build Alternative will result in an overall decrease in emissions as the additional rail service is replacing passenger vehicle, bus, and plane trips along a similar route, and produces fewer emissions per passenger then other modes of transportation.
Chicago to Detroit Intercity Passenger Rail Service - Michigan

Build Alternative Quantity Source:

Total Annual Ridership 2,830,000 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Existing Rail Trips 495,250 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Total New Rail Trips 2,337,580 TEMS Study (June 2014)

New Trips from natural growth & induced demand 336,770 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Breakdown of Diverted Trips

Auto Diverted Trips 1,531,030 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Bus Diverted Trips 169,800 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Air Diverted Trips 299,980 TEMS Study (June 2014)

Auto

Auto miles one way 246.4 miles

Nationwide % passenger cars 60.3% Percenta

Nationwide % passenger trucks 39.7% Percenta

Average passenger car energy intensity 3,538 Btu/passenger mile

Average passenger truck energy intensity 3,663 Btu/passenger mile

Average passengers per car 1.55 passengers/vehiclea

Average passengers per truck 1.84 passengers/vehiclea

Total diverted auto passenger miles per year 377,246,000 passenger-miles/year

Annual diverted auto fuel consumption 1,353,402 MMBtu/yr

Gasoline heating value 130,000 Btu/gal - USEPA AP-42 Appendix A

Annual auto fuel consumption diverted 10,410,785 gallons per year

Annual auto miles diverted 226,569,064 miles per year

Bus

Intercity passenger bus energy intensitya

4,242 Btu/passenger mile

One-way distance 246.4 miles

Total diverted bus passenger miles per year 41,838,720 passenger-miles/year

Annual diverted bus fuel consumption 177,480 MMBtu/yr

Diesel fuel heating value 137,000 Btu/gal - USEPA AP-42 Appendix A

Annual diverted bus fuel consumption 1,295,473 gallons per year

Train

Intercity passenger train energy intensitya

2,435 Btu/passenger mile

One-way distance 246.4 miles

Total new train passenger miles per year 575,979,712 passenger-miles/year

Annual new passenger train fuel consumption 1,402,511 MMBtu/yr

Diesel fuel heating value 137,000 Btu/gal - USEPA AP-42 Appendix A

Annual new passenger train fuel consumption 10,237,304 gallons per year

Air

Air transportation energy intensitya

2,826 Btu/passenger mile

Table G-8. Estimate of Diverted Trips- Michigan

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-8
One-way distance 246 miles

Total diverted air passenger miles per year 73,915,072 passenger-miles/year

Jet fuel heating value 135,000 Btu/gala

Jet fuel density 6.60 lb/gal

Annual air fuel consumption diverted 208,884 MMBtu/yr

Annual air fuel consumption diverted 1,547,289 gal/yr

Annual air fuel consumption diverted 4,636,296 kg/yr

a

 US Department of Energy Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 30-2011.

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-9
Emission 

Factor[1],[4]

(g/gal)

(lb/gal) 

CO2

Emissions 

Added

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Added

(ton/yr)

Emission 

Factor[2]

(g/mile)

(lb/gal) 

CO2

Emissions 

Diverted

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Diverted

(ton/yr)

Emission 

Factor[3],[4]

(g/kg) 

(lb/gal) 

CO2

Emissions 

Diverted

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Diverted

(ton/yr)

Emission 

Factor[2]

(g/mile)

(lb/gal) 

CO2

Emissions 

Diverted

(lb/yr)

Emissions 

Diverted

(ton/yr)

Hydrocarbons 5.8 130,785 65.39 0.4272 213,188 106.59 0.7 7,156 3.58 0.1581 14,566 7.28 -52.06 117.45

Carbon monoxide (CO) 38.1 859,122 429.56 3.3467 1,670,173 835.09 4.4 44,981 22.49 1.2706 117,090 58.54 -486.56 916.12Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 131 2,953,936 1,476.97 3.4469 1,720,165 860.08 14.1 144,145 72.07 1.2978 119,601 59.80 485.01 991.96

PM10 3.4 76,667 38.33 0.1698 84,746 42.37 0 0.0644 5,932 2.97 -7.01 45.34

PM2.5 3.298 74,367 37.18 0.1411 70,423 35.21 0 0.0545 5,027 2.51 -0.54 37.73

SO2[5] 0.096 2,165 1.08 0.0071 3,550 1.78 0.4 4,089 2.04 0.0024 220 0.11 -2.85 3.93

Carbon dioxide[4] (CO2) 22.377 229,080,144 114,540.07 17.681 184,073,083 92,036.54 21.098 32,644,700 16,322 22.377 28,988,807 14,494.40 -8,313.22 122,853.30

Total 

Emissions 

Diverted 

(ton/yr)

[1] Except CO2, emission factors from EPA document EPA420-F-09-025; Emission Factors for Locomotives; Dated April 2009. Emission factors are projected calendar year 2015 

emission factors for passenger/commuter locomotives (Tier 4). [2] Emission factors from data output from EPA Moves2010b model run for 2015. [3] Except CO2, emission factors from US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration document "Assessing the Effects of Freight Movement on Air Quality at the National and Regional Level; Final Report; April 2005". Emission factors are projected for 2015.

[4] CO2 Emission factors from US Department of Transportation Energy Information Administration Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program - Coefficients webpage. Emission factors are in units of lb/gal.

Net 

Change

(ton/yr)

Table G-9. Emission Calculations- Michigan

[5] Train SO2 emission factor calculated based on 15 ppm (weight basis) diesel fuel sulfur content: 

Pollutant

Additional Passenger Train Emissions Automobile Emissions Diverted Airline Emissions Diverted Bus Emissions Diverted 

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-10

Note: A negative net change indicates that the implementation of the Build Alternative will result in an overall decrease in emissions as the additional rail service is replacing passenger vehicle, bus, and plane trips along a similar route, and produces fewer emissions per passenger then other modes of transportation.
Table G-10. Chicago to Detroit Rail Trips; 2035 Sources of Rail Trips

Rail Trips Existing Natural 

Growth

Induced 

Demand Air Diversion Bus Diversion

Car 

Diversion

100% 17.50% 5.70% 6.20% 10.60% 6.00% 54.10%

2,830,000 495,250 161,310 175,460 299,980 169,800 1,531,030

Chicago - Detroit / Pontiac Passenger Rail Corridor Program Tier 1 EIS G-11