## RESIDENTIAL FUELWOOD **ASSESSMENT**

**STATE OF MINNESOTA**

**2007**

**– 2008 Heating Season** 

Sponsors:

Northern Research Station Division of Forestry Forest Inventory

and Analy sis

### ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

T his project was funded through a grant provided by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency as part of its emissions inventory

from residential biomass burning. The cooperating partners, US Forest Service

– Northern Research Station

- Forest Inventory and An aly sis , Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

– Division of Forestry

and the Health, Patio and Barbecue Association assisted with the project design. The report was prepared by : Mimi Barzen, Minnesota DNR

- Forestry , Grand Rapids Ronald Piva, USFS, Nort hern Research Station

- Forest Inventory and Analy sis , St. Paul Chun Yi Wu, P.E., Minnesota Pollution Control Agency , Environmental Outcomes Division, St. Paul Rick Dahlman, Minnesota DNR

- Forestry , St Paul **For more information or to request a copy, conta ct**  :
Mimi Barzen DNR Forestry 1201 East Highway

2 Grand Rapids MN 55744 218

- 327

- 4119 mimi.barzen@dnr.state.mn.us

or
DNR I nformation Center Twin Cities: 651

- 296

- 6157 Minnesota toll free: 888

- 646

- 6367 TTY: 800

- 657

- 3929

More information about the Minnes ota Department of Natural Resources, Wood Utilization and Marketing Program is available at http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/forestry /um

# Table of Contents
Page Executive Summary 3 I ntroduction: purpose, methods, and objectives 5 Minnesota map indicating survey units 8 Results 9 Appendices Sources of Secondary Calculations of Fuelwood Volumes 23 Tables 25 Fuelwood Survey

Questionnaire 46



# Tables

Table 1: Nu mber of Households Sampled by Survey Unit and Corresponding Population Table 2: Percent of Households Burning Fuelwood by Survey Unit and Reason for Burning Table 3: Percent of Volume Burned by Ty pe of Wood

- B urning Facility Table 4: Number of Cords Burned by Survey Unit and Place of Consumption Table 5: Number of Cords Burned b y Fuel T yp e Table 6: Percent of Fuelwood Burned b y Species and Survey Year Tabl e 7: Percent of Fuelwood Consumption by Procurement Method and Reason for Burning Table 8: Percent of F uelwood Consumption from Roundwood Cut by Households by

Reason for Burning and Survey

Year Table 9: Percent and Volume of Fuelwood Harvested by Source of Material



# Figures
Figure 1: Percent of Households by Survey Unit That Burned Fuelwood During 200 7

- 2008 Heating Season Figure 2: Percent of Households that Burn Fuelwood by Reason for Burning and Survey Year Figure 3: Fuelwood Consumption in Minnesota by Survey Year Figure 4: Percent of Fuelwood Burned b y Survey Unit and Reason for Burning Figure 5: Percent of Fuelwood Burned by Reason for Burning b y Survey Year Figure 6: Average Number of Cords Burned per Household by Reason for Burning and Survey Year Figure 7: Volume of Fuelwood Harvested b y Households and Loggers b y S ource of Material Figure 8: Vo lume of Fuelwood Harvested from Growing Stock by Survey Year Figure 9: Volume of Fuelwood Cut by Households and L oggers in Minnesota by Species, 2007

- 2008

12

## Executive Summary

A total of 1,434 households responded to the Minnesota residential fuelwood study that was conducted for the 2007

- 2008 heating season. Approximately 978,900 cords of fuelwood were consumed b y 615,900 households in Minnesota between April 2007 and March 2 008. This represents a 49 percent increase in volume and a 57 percent increase in the number of households compared to the 656,300 cords of fuelwood consumed b y 391,700 households between April 2002 and March 2003, a clear reversal of the stead y decline in fuelwood consumption recorded since 1985. This upward swing indicates that almost 30 percent of all Minnesota households burned fuelwood between April 2007 and March 2008. This increase can partially be attributed to the recent spike in the prices of f ossil fuels. However, the use of fuelwood for pleasure rather then as a heat source has increased significantly since 1985. Of those burning fuelwood, 67 percent of the households consume it for pleasure and recreation. 

## Trends From Past Surveys

M innesota has survey ed fuelwood consumption periodicall y since 1960 when 607,000 cords were consumed. Consumption has fluctuated from a low of 224,000 cords in 1970 to a high of 1.42 million cords in the 1984

- 1985 heating season. Shifts in consumption appe ar to track closely with petroleum and natural gas prices. Use increased dramaticall y following the 1970 oil embargo and began to decline steadily as natural gas lines were extended across the state in the late 1980s through the 1990s. The stead y decli ne in the use of fuelwood as a heat source from 1984

- 1985 through the winter of 2002

- 2003 also likely

reflects a tightening of insurance companies standards for the use of wood burning facilities of all kinds. 

## Fuelwood Use: Pleasure and Primary and Secon **dary Heating** The way fuelwood has been used often does not follow the volume consumed. While fuelwood consumption declined from 1984

- 1985 to 2002

- 2003, t he use of fuelwood as primary source of heat increased from 48 percent of the total volume in bot h the 1988

- 1989 and 1995

- 1996 heating seasons to 53 percent of the total volume in 2002

- 2003. I t then declined to 45 percent in 2007

- 2008. At the same time, the use of fuelwood as secondary heat source declined from 44 percent 1988

- 1989 and 1995

- 1996 to 35 percent in 2002

- 2003, and declined further to 26 percent of the total fuelwood consumed in 2007

- 2008. Over the same time period, burning fuelwood for pleasure increased from 8 percent during the 1988

- 1989 and 1995

- 1996 heating seasons to 12 percent of t he fuelwood consumed in 2002

- 2003 heating season. This increased dramatically

to 30 percent of the fuelwood consumed in 2007

- 2008. Much of the increase in the pleasure category

could be due to the popularit y of fire pits and chimineas, which has occurred i n the past few ye ars. While many

people no longer burn fuelwood as a heating source, use for recreational purposes, including back yard use and camping, is climbing rapidly. Even though the volume of fuelwood use increased in the last five ye ars, its us e as a primary source of heat dropped from 18 percent of the households that burned in 2002

- 2003 to 13 percent in 2007

- 2008. Burning fuelwood as a secondary heat source fell from 30 percent of the households in 2002

- 2003 to 20 percent in 2007

- 2008. During this same period, use for pleasure grew from 52 percent of the households to 67 percent statewide. Even though the percentage of households using wood for primary and secondary heat declined, these two uses account for 688,000 cords consumed, or 70 percent of all fuelwood burned.

3

## Fuelwood Harvesting

Along with the increased volume of fuelwood consumed in 2007

- 2008, the proportion of fuelwood harvested b y households remains high, with 80 percent harvested b y households. I n addition, 84 percent of the fuelwood harvested in 2007

- 2008 was removed from private land. The remainder was derived from, in descending order: state, county , and municipal lands, with minor amounts harvested from forest industry and federal lands. This compares to 60 percent of the volume harvested b y households in 2002

- 2003, 62 percent in 1995

- 1996, and 51 percent in 1988

- 1989. Households that burn fuelwood as primary heat source are more likely to harvest their own fuelwood, with a total of 48 percent doing so. This compare s to 58 percent of the volume harvested b y households for primary use in 2002

- 2003, 54 percent in 1995

- 1996 and 51 percent in 1988

- 1989 heating seasons. Twenty

seven percent of those using fuelwood as a secondary source harvested their own fuelwood in 200 7

- 2008, while 25 percent of households that burned for pleasure cut their own fuelwood.


## Fuelwood Preferences Oak continues to be the species of choice for roundwood fuelwood consumption, with 30 percent of the total volume. Ash is the next most popu lar firewood species, with 18 percent of the total. Aspen, elm, birch, and maple combined, account for another 40 percent of the volume of roundwood burned. Other species burned include: pine, basswood, cottonwood, spruce, cedar, and tamarack. Secondary fuelwood sources of mixed species, which includes: scrap lumber, pallets, sawmill slabs, sawdust, and branches, manufactured fireplace logs, and wood pellets have been highl y variable, doubling from 15 percent of the total fuelwood burned in 1988

- 1989 to 32 percent in 1995

- 1996, then plunging to 8 percent in 2002

- 2003 and 2007

- 2008. In 2007

- 2008, 66,400 cords were derived from wood manufacturing residues. This compares to 2002

- 2003, when 45,000 cords were derived from wood residues, an increase of 47 p ercent in five years. In addition, a huge jump took place in manufactured logs and wood pellets. In 2002

- 2003, only 4,900 cords of pellets and waxed logs were purchased. During the 2007

- 2008 heating season, 12,300 cords were purchased, more than 2.5 time s the amount bought in 2002

- 2003. This reflects the recent expansion of the manufactured fireplace logs and wood pellet industries. A total of about 161,750 cords of fuelwood was harvested from growing stock on forestland b y landowners and loggers for u se as fuelwood. This is a 9 percent increase from the 149,000 cords harvested for the 2002

- 2003 heating season. When compared to the 1995

- 1996 heating season, this is a reduction of 14 percent from the 188,000 cords reported during that survey and a 59 per cent decrease from the 237,000 cords reported for the 1988

- 1989 heating season.


## Conclusion Despite the trend toward use of fuelwood for pleasure rather then for heat, the recent economic crisis and the associated downturn in industrial demand for wo od could increase the consumption of fuelwood for primary and secondary

heating. The impact could be very significant in a short time because more than 100,000 additional households have wood burning facilities that currently do not use fuelwood, and near ly another 40,000 households plan to purchase wood burning facilities in the near future (Appendix Table A). The spike in the volume of fuelwood consumed and the number of households that utilized fuelwood appear to be closel y tied to the cost and avail ability of fossil fuel, particularly natural gas. With the current cost of energy , the volume of fuelwood consumed is likely to fluctuate with the changing prices of other sources of fuel.

4

## INTRODUCTION **Project Purpose** During the spring and summer o f 2008, the cooperating partners conducted a survey to determine the volume of residential fuelwood burned during the 2007

- 2008 heating season. Similar survey s were conducted for the 1960, 1969

- 1970, 1979

- 1980, 1984

- 1985, 1988

- 1989, 1995

- 1996, and 2002

- 200 3 heating seasons. These survey s are part of a long

- term effort to monitor trends in use of the fuelwood by residential households in Minnesota.



## Survey Objectives The objectives of this survey were to: 1) Estimate the total volume of fuelwood harvested and consumed in Minnesota during the 2007

- 2008 heating season. 2) Identify

the suppliers of fuelwood (purchased, given free, or self

- harvested). 3) Estimate the volume of fuelwood harvested from different land ownership (state, federal, county , forest industr y, and private lands). 4) Estimate the volume of fuelwood from the following wood suppl y categories: live and/or dead trees, logging residue, land clearing, ya rd/boulevard trees, mill residues, lumber scraps, salvage of wood pallets, and commercial fuel prod ucts such as wood and paper pellets and manufactured fireplace logs. 5) Determine the geographic distribution of households burning fuelwood b y ty pe of usage (primary heating source, secondary heating source, and pleasure), t ype of wood, and type of wood bur ning facilities used. 6) Id entify

trends in residential fuelwood consumption over time. 7) Id entify

ty pes of residential wood burning facilities 8) Id entify

changes in trends of burning fuelwood



## Methods The survey

consisted of a mailed questionnaire. It was resent to nonresponders approximately one month after the original deadline. The combination of the two survey s resulted in a 1,434

- survey sample that reflects not only

broad distribution of respondents across the state, but is also large enough for each survey region to meet the statistical sampling standard utilized in previous survey s. The survey

sample was determined based upon the 2007 census data obtained from the State Demographic Center, using the total number of households statewide to identify a statistically adequate sample size. The state was divided up into five survey units based on the four USDA

- Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analy sis survey

units for Minnesota forests, with the seven metropolitan counties comprising the fifth unit. The units were determined by population densities and consisted of Aspen

- Birch in the northeast, Northern Pine in the north central part of the state, Central Hardwoods located north, west, and south of the Twin Cities, the seven metro counties, and Prairi e, the largest unit, consisting of 41 counties. The distribution is shown on the map in Figure 1. Since all units have at least 100,000 households, the sample size was stratified into five equal

- size groups. Previous studies were designed to have a sam pling error of plus/minus six percentage points at a 95 percent

5

### confidence level. Based on calculations from the Minnesota Center for Survey Research at the University of

Minnesota, it was determined that 272 completed survey s from each unit would sati sfy the sample error requirement. (See Table 1). Marketing S ys tems Group, of Port Washington, Pennsy lvania provided the 6,600

- address list. This total was determined b y assuming a rate of deliverable mail at over 90 percent and using an expected response rate of 30 percent. To aid our efforts in obtaining a higher return rate, a postcard was mailed approximately two weeks prior to the survey , to alert potential respondents about the upcoming mailing. While enough responses were received from the firs t mailing in the Northern Pine and Aspen

- Birch units, the expected number of responses was not obtained in the Prairie, Metro, and Central Hardwoods units. A second mailing of 450 survey s, or 150 survey s per unit, were sent out in late April to random hou seholds in the three units with an inadequate return rate, to create a statistically significant sampling. Survey forms were edited, key

punched and entered into a relational database. All volumes were converted to standard cords. (See “Sources of Second ar y Calculations of Fuelwood Volumes, found in the Appendix.) Expansion factors were calculated b y dividing the total number of households in each survey unit (based on the U.S. Census Bureau estimates of number of households for 2007) b y the number of sur vey forms that were returned from each survey unit. From this database, all tables were created. The lists of the state of Minnesota registered loggers and firewood processors/sellers were combined. Duplicates, firewood retailers only , and individual me mbers of a single company that were already

on the combined list, were deleted to determine the total number of possible firewood processors in Minnesota. The total number of possible firewood processors in each survey unit was divided by

the number of sur

vey forms that were returned in each survey unit. As in previous survey s, responding households were classified b y location, county, and fuelwood

- use class. **Table 1: Number of Households Sampled by Survey Unit and Corresponding Population**

Survey Unit Number of Households Sampled Total Number of Households in Each Unit Population in

Each Unit 2007 census Target Number Actual Number Aspen

- Birch 272 283 111,116 260,185 Northern Pine 272 276 120,089 291,974 Central Hardwoods 272 323 416,067 1,086,45 1 Prairie 272 308 312,035 764,215 Metro 272 244 1,121,570 2,794,796 Total 1,360 1,434 2,080,877 5,197,621 Note: Number of households surveyed was based on 2007 census data.


## Fuelwood use classes:

1. Nonuser

– Households that do not burn fuelw ood. 2. Primary

– Fuelwood provided the main source of heat in the home. The user may have another fuel sy stem for back

- up purposes, but more than 50 percent of the household heating needs comes from wood. 3. Secondary

– Fuelwood is used as a back

- up heati ng s ys tem, with another fuel providing the major source for heating. Less than 50 percent of household heating needs comes from wood. 4. Pleasure

– Fuelwood is burned for pleasure only . Some heating benefit may occur, but fuelwood is not considered a heati ng s ys tem.

6

### Households were also asked the ty pe of wood burning unit used, species of wood burned, whether they purchased or cut their own fuelwood, ownership where fuelwood was harvested, the location fuelwood was used (primary

or secondary

home and

/or other building), and the source of fuelwood harvested. Woodland included: live trees, dead trees, and logging residue. Non

- woodland consisted of: fence rows/windbreaks, rural/agricultural land clearing, rural ya rd trees, and trees inside cit y limits. 

## Logger Survey A significant portion of fuelwood purchased and consumed by households in Minnesota is from commercial suppliers, primarily loggers. In an attempt to identify and quantify

the sources of this portion of fuelwood consumed, 240 loggers were selected from a statewide list of state timber sale permittees. In addition, a list of 60 fuelwood vendors was compiled. L oggers and fuelwood vendors were sent a survey to identify the quantity , species of trees, and source of fuelwood harvested between April 2007 and March 2008. The survey

also asked respondents to identify the land ownerships from which they harvested fuelwood, and whether the fuelwood sold came from live trees, dead trees, or logging residue from forest land, or trees from nonforest so urces. The results were then extrapolated to an estimated 1,480 logging and firewood businesses statewide that harvest 95 percent of all timber in Minnesota. An expansion factor for each returned response was calculated based on the number of logging an d firewood businesses and the number of returned responses in each survey

unit.

7

### Figure 1: Percent of Households by Survey Unit That Burned Fuelwood During 2007

**- 2008 Heating** 

**Season**

8

## RESULTS
**Chara cteristics of Fuelwood Users** 
Statewide, 30 percent of households burn fuelwood. (See Table 2.) This is an increase from the 21 percent identified in the 2002

- 2003 survey and the 25 percent identified in the 1995

- 1996 survey . However, this figure was e clipsed b y the 33 percent identified in the 1988

- 1989 survey . In the previous two survey s, each geographic unit had a similar reduction in the proportion of households burning fuelwood. As shown in Figure 1, the percent of households burning fuelwood withi n each survey unit varies from 22 percent in the Prairie unit where fuelwood is not as accessible, to 44 percent in the Northern Pine unit, which has an abundance of fuelwood available. The way households utilize fuelwood also varies, with 13 percent using it as a primary

source of heating, 20 percent as a secondary heat source, and 67 percent for pleasure only

. The percentage of households burning wood as their primary source of heat is highest in the Northern Pine unit with a total of 37 percent. The Aspen

- Birch and Prairie units also have a significant number of households using fuelwood as a primary source of heat. As can be expected, the Metro area, where fuelwood costs are the highest and availability the lowest, has just one percent of households using fuelwood as a primary

source of heat. The highest proportion of households burning fuelwood as a secondary heat source is found in the Aspen

Birch unit with 38 percent. Approximately a quarter of households in the Northern Pine, Central Hardwoods and Prairie units use fuelwood as a secondary source of heat. Fourteen percent of Metro area residents use fuelwood for this purpose. The largest increase in households using fuelwood has been for pleasure, not heating homes. Households burning primari ly

for pleasure are most heavil y represented in the Metro unit with a whooping 80 percent. This is a continuation of the trend moving away from using fuelwood as a primary and supplemental heat source to burning fuelwood for pleasure. (See Figure 2.) **Table 2: Percent of Households Burning Fuelwood by Survey Unit and Reason for Burning**

Survey Unit Percentage of

Households Burning Wood Reason for Burning

Primary Heat Secondary

Heat Pleasure Camping Other Aspen

- Birch 39 29 38 30 3

-- Northern Pine 4 4 37 24 36 2 2 Central Hardwoods 32 19 23 55 3

-- Prairie 22 25 25 47 3

-- Metro 28 1 14 80 4

-- Statewide 30 13 20 63 4 0 Note: The category “Other” consists of brush clearing/disposal.

9

### 0%

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1988-1989 1995-1996 2002-2003 2007-2008 **Su rve**  **y Ye**  **ar P** **e r** **c e** **n t**  

### Pr ima ry H eat Se co ndary H eat Ple as ure

**Figure 2: Percent of Households that Burn Fuelwood by Reason for Burning and Survey Year**  Note: Burning for pleasure also includes volume that was burned for camping or other non heating uses. 

### Households burning fuelwood identified six categories of wood burning facilities and 14 combination categories of two or more ty pes of wood burning facilities. There has been a substantial decrease in the proportion of wood furnaces and boilers used, while wood stoves saw a substantial increase in use. There also was an increase in the use of fire rings and pits, reflecting the strong shift toward burning wood for pleasure. (See Table 3.) This data appears to indicate the shift in reasons for consuming fuelwood is largely driven by

the cost of alternative fuels and convenience. While there has been a strong sh ift in the use of fuelwood for pleasure and access to natural gas continues to rise, the cost of this heat source is also rising, prompting many households to use wood stoves as a source of heat. This has caused a resurgence in the purchase and use of wood stoves in the last five y ears, jumping 14 percent. It is also important to note that the number of households using fuelwood was relativel y constant between the 1995

- 1996 (393,000) and 2002

- 2003 (391,000) heating seasons, yet the number of households w ith a wood burning facilit y in the 2002

- 2003 heating season (513,000) was nearly the same as in the1984

- 1985 heating season (520,000).

10

### Table 3: Percent of Volume Burned by Type of Wood

**- Burning Facility** 

Ty pe of Wood

- Burning Facilit y Percen t of Total 1988

- 1989 1995

- 1996 2002

- 2003 2007

- 2008 Wood Stove 46 44 15 29 Wood Pellet or Corn Stove

- - - 1 Fireplace 17 9 21 3 Fireplace Insert 2 11 9 6 Wood Furnace or Boiler 26 27 31 16 Fire Pit or Ring

- - 1 10 Wood Stove/Fireplace or Fireplac e Insert 3 4 5 3 Wood Stove/Wood Furnace or Boiler - 3 4 3 Wood Stove/Wood Pellet or Corn Stove - - - 0 Wood Stove/Fire Pit or Ring

- - - 8 Fireplace/ Fireplace Insert

- - 1 0 Fireplace/Wood Furnace or Boiler 6

- 9 0 Fireplace/Wood Pellet or Corn Sto ve - - - 1 Fireplace/Fire Pit or Ring

- - 4 6 Fireplace Insert/Fire Pit or Ring

- - - 2 Wood Furnace or Boiler

/ Fire Pit or Ring - - - 3 Wood Furnace or Boiler

/ Wood Pellet or Corn Stove - - - 0 Wood Furnace or Boiler

/ Fireplace Insert - - - 2 Fire Pit or Ring / Wood Pellet or Corn Stove - - - 0 3 or More Different Ty

pes of Wood

- Burning Equipment - - - 7 Total 100 100 100 100 Note: A value of 0 = less than .5%.



### In the 2007

- 2008 heating season, the number of households with wood burning faci lities increased to 734,300, with 615,900 actually burning wood. Despite the trend toward use of fuelwood for pleasure rather then for heat, the recent economic crisis and the associated downturn in industrial demand for wood could increase the consumption of fuelwood for primary and secondary

heating. The impact could be very significant in a short time because of the more then100,000 additional households that have wood burning facilities that currently

do not use fuelwood, and the nearl y 40,000 househol ds that plan to purchase wood burning facilities in the near future (Appendix Table A).

11

## Volume of Fuelwood Consumed

The total volume of fuelwood consumed in Minnesota during the 2007

- 2008 heating season for heating residential homes, secondary b uilding, and burning for pleasure was 978,900 cords (1) 

### . This is an increase of 49 percent, a large upturn in consumption after declining a total of 54 percent between the 1984

- 1985 and the 2002

- 2003 heating seasons. (See Figure 3.) (1) One standard cord is a stack of wood four feet high by four feet deep by eight feet long, or 128 cubic feet consisting of 70 cubic feet of wood and 58 cubic feet of bark and air space.



### FUELWOOD CONSUMED IN MINNESOTA

**1960-2007/08**

0.607 0.224 0.9 1.4 1.42 1.039 0.751 0.656 0.98

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

1960 1970

1978/1979 1980/1981 1984/1985 1988/1989 1995/1996 2003/2003 2007/2008



### Figure 3: Fuelwood Consumption in Minnesota by Survey Year Despite the shift toward burning wood for pleasure, the largest volume of fuelwood is still consumed as a primary or secondary

heat source for households outside the Metro survey unit. (See Figures 4 and 5.)



### 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Asp enBir ch Nort hern Pin e Ce nt ral Hardwoods Pr

ai ri e Me tr

o Pe rc ent o f to ta l **Su rve**  **y Un**  **it P** **e r** **c e** **n t**  

### Pr ima ry H eat Se co ndary H eat Ple as ure

**Figure 4: Percent of Fuelwood Burned by Survey Unit and Reason for Burning**  Note: Burning for pleasure also includes volume that was burned for camping or other non heating uses

.
12

### 0%

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1988-1989 1995-1996 2002-2003 2007-2008 **Su rve**  **y Ye**  **ar P** **e r** **c e** **n t**  

### Pr ima ry H eat Se co ndary H eat Ple as ure

**Figure 5: Percent of Fuelwood Burned by Reason for Burning by Survey Year** Note: Burning for pleasure also inc ludes volume that was burned for camping or other non heating uses 

### The volume of fuelwood consumed for heating primary residences was 813,000 cords, an increase of 40 percent over the volume in 2002

- 2003 of 581,000 cords. The volume consumed to heat se cond homes also increased b y ei ght percent while heating of other buildings increased 3.5 times to 121,400 cords. (See Table 4.) **Table 4: Number of Cords Burned by Survey Unit and Place of Consumption**

Survey Unit Place of fuelwood consumption

Number of Wood

Burning Households Number of

Active Wood

Burning Facilities* Total

Volume (Cords) Primary

Residence (Cords) Secondary

Residence (Cords) Other

Buildings ** (Cords) Aspen

- Birch 43,190 78,838 154,218 90,562 13,228 50,428 Northern Pine 52,648 94,20 7 208,755 175,659 11,470 21,626 Central Hardwoods 133,966 183,807 252,066 216,413 9,486 26,167 Prairie 68,891 95,974 146,758 123,864 9,476 13,418 Metro 317,165 376,921 217,098 206,543 766 9,789 Statewide 615,860 829,747 978,895 813,040 44,426 121,429 *Note: Number of wood

- burning facilities does not equal number of wo od

- burning households because some households have more than one wood burning facility. **Other buildings include garages, business buildings, recreational buildings, and camping.

13

### The largest volume of fuelwood, 83 percent, was consumed at primary residences. The Central Hardwoods unit used the most wood at primary residences, but the Metro unit was not far behind in volume consumed. The Aspen

- Birch unit reported the least volume of fuelwood burned at primary residences. The average volume burned b y households using fuelwood as a primary heat source increased when compared to 2002

- 2003 survey , but this figure is lower than survey results from previous y ears. (See Figure 6.) St atewide, major users burned an average of 5.6 cords during a heating season, with households in the Northern Pine unit burning two cords more wood per household than those in the other survey units. This may be a result of differences in severit y and lengt h of heating seasons, a lower cost to obtain fuelwood, more storage area for a winter’s worth of fuelwood, and/or the use of more efficient burning facilities elsewhere. The Aspen

- Birch unit, which had the lowest number of households in the state and a hig h percent of those households within Duluth city limits, burned the least number of cords statewide.



### 0 2 4 6 8 10

1988-1989 1995-1996 2002-2003 2007-2008 **Surv ey**  **Y ear** **S t** **a n** **d a** **r d** **C o** **r d** **s** 

### Pr ima ry H eat Se co ndary H eat Ple as ure*

**Figure 6: Average Number of Cords Burned per Household by Reason for Burning and Survey Year** *Note: Burning for pleasure also includes an y volume that w as burned fro camping or other nonheating uses



## Type of Tree Species Burned as Fuelwood Beginning in 2002

- 2003 survey , more specific information was requested to determine the t ype of tree species (roundwood b y s pecies) and other wood pr oducts including: wood residues from sawmills (slabs, scrap lumber, and recy cled pallets), manufactured fireplace logs, and wood or paper pellets, burned by households. This information was requested in the 2007

- 2008 survey as well because it is important for land managers to determine if there are preferences for the ty pe of tree species burned and to predict potential utilization conflicts. Of the 978,900 cords, 92 percent is derived directl y from a roundwood source in the form of logs or split wood. (Se e Table 5.)

14

### Table 5: Number of Cords Burned by Fuel Type

Oak continues to be the preferred fuelwood species. (See Table 6.) While the use of oak declined from 2002

- 2003, it still is the single most importa nt tree species utilized. The proportion of ash consumed more than doubled in 2002

- 2003, and doubled again in 2007

- 2008 to 157,600 cords. The use of birch took a tumble from 13 percent to nine percent, while the use of aspen went up b y 50 percent and elm nearly doubled. **Table 6: Percent of Fuelwood Burned by Species and Survey year**

Species Survey Year 1988

- 1989 1995

- 1996 2002

- 2003 2007

- 2008 Oak 32 27 38 29 Birch 13 14 13 9 Ash 8 4 10 17 Elm 14 3 5 9 Maple 8 4 8 10 Aspen 7 10 8 12 Other Species 3 6 9 10 Slabs and scrap lumber 15 32 8 4
Note: Slabs and scrap lumber are included in this species breakdown.



## Sources of Fuelwood Households continue to do much of the fuelwood harvesting themselves. In 2002

- 2003, households harvested 60 percen t of the fuelwood burned. This figure fell slightl y, to 58 percent, or 570,500 cords, in 2007

- 2008. (See Table 7.) In 2007

- 2008, households purchased 24 percent, or 233,000 cords, of roundwood fuelwood for residential use. Another 18 percent, or 175,300 cords was free wood, leftover wood, gift wood, wood residues, scrap lumber, manufacture logs, and wood pellets. (See Table M in appendix.)

15 

### Fuel T ype Standard cords Percent of Total Roundwood/logs 312,517 32 Split wood 587,726 60 Slabs 38,463 4 Wood pellets 11,023 1 Wax/manufactured logs 1,272 < 1 Pallets/crates 17,987 2 Sc rap lumber 6,415 < 1 Saw dust 1,667 < 1 Branches/brush 1,825 0 Total 978,895 100

### Table 7: Percent of Fuelwood Consumption by Procurement Method and Reason for Burning

Procurement Method Reas on for Burning Percent of Total Primary Heat Secondary

Heat Pleasure Roundwood Cut by Households 55 26 19 58 Roundwood Purchased 33 29 38 24 Roundwood Other* 22 15 63 10 **Total Roundwood 46**  **25 29**  **92** Other Fuelwood Types** 

### 31 27 42 8 **Percent of Total**  **44 26**  **30 100**  NOTE: Burning for pleasure also includes any volume that was burned for camping or other non heating uses. *Other sources of roundwood i nclude: free, gift, and w ood leftover from previous years ** Other fuelw ood ty

pes include: w ood residues, scrap lumber, manufactured logs, and w ood pellets.


### In dividual households cut 570,500 cords of the fuelwood that was burned during the 2007

- 2008 he ating season, almost 1.5 times the number of cords harvested by households in 2002

- 2003 when 393,500 cords were cut. The volume cut by households was highest in the Central Hardwoods unit, followed by the Northern Pine unit. Households using roundwood fuel wood as the primary source of heat harvested 46 percent of the total fuelwood cut by households. (See Table 8).

**Table 8: Percent of Fuelwood Consumption from Roundwood Cut by Households by Reason for**

**Burning and Survey Year**

NOTE: Burning for pleasure also includes any volume that was burned for camping or other non heating uses.



## Volume of Fuelwood Harvested

It is desirable to identify

the sources of wood to assess the impacts on different land ownership categories and competing uses of wood. The volumes cut b y homeowners and loggers are reported separatel y because of significant differences in the data. As can be seen in Table S, located in the Appendix, 92 percent, or 870,200 cords of the fuelwood cut by households was harvested from private land. There were 55,192 cords (1,034,087 cords harvested minus 978,895 cords harvested and burned) of firewood that was harvested but not burned b y households that was cut in 2007

- 2008. Some of this firewood was sold or given away to others and the rest will most likely be saved for future heating seasons. Lo ggers procure a much higher percent of fuelwood from land administered by public agencies (53 percent) than private households. L ike households, a substantial amount of fuelwood, or 45 percent, is also derived from private land.

16



### Reason for Burning Survey Year 1988

- 1989 1995

- 1996 2002

- 2003 2007

- 2008 Primary Heat 50 54 58 46 Secondary

Heat 45 37 35 25 Pleasure 5 9 7 290 100 200 300 400 500

Sta te to ta l Hous ehol ds Loggers**H a** **r v** **e s** **t V** **o l** **u m** **e (** **1 ,** **0 0** **0 S** **t a** **n d** **a r** **d C** **o r** **d s** **)** Fores t L and Growi ng Sto ck Fo res t L and Non-Growi ng Sto ck Fores t L and Dead Tr

ees Non-Fores t L and So urc es



### Figure 7: Volume of Fu **elwood Harvested by Households and Loggers by Source of Material** Much of the wood cut (61 percent) by residential households comes from dead or downed trees and logging residues. Nine percent comes from live standing trees in the forest. The remainder, 29 percent, is from cropland/pasture, yard, and cit y trees. This differs from logger’s sources of fuelwood, where 57 percent or 119,700 cords, comes from live trees from forestland. (See Figure 7.) Thirt y - two percent, or 66,700 cords, is derived from log ging residue from forestland. (See Table 9.) **Table 9: Percent of Fuelwood Cut by Source of Material**

*T h is figure does not equal the total number of cords consumed (978,900 cords) because it does not take into account other wood residue such as slabs, crates, etc.

17 

### Ty pe of Material State total Households Lo ggers percent cords percent cords percent cords Live Trees from Forestland Growing

- stock Trees 12 123,526 6 48,119 36 75,407 Non

- growing

- stock Trees 7 72,554 3 28,260 21 44,294 Total L ive Trees 19 196,080 9 76,379 57 119,701 Lo gging Residues from Forestland From Growing

- stock Trees 4 38,226 2 16,209 10 22,017 From Non

- growing

- stock Trees 7 77,400 4 32,700 21 44,700 Total L ogging Residues 11 115,625 6 48,908 32 66,717 Dead Trees from Forestland 46 475,327 55 456,529 9 18,798 Total Forest land 76 787,033 71 581,817 97 205,216 Wooded Strips, Fence Rows, and Wind Breaks 3 28,43 6 3 28,240 < 1 196 Cropland and Pasture 6 57,702 7 57,196 < 1 506 City Trees 5 47,251 5 43,760 2 3,491 Yard Trees 11 113,666 14 112,037 1 1,629 Total Non

- Forestland 24 247,054 29 241,232 3 5,822 Total 100 1,034,087 100 823,049 100 211,038

## Impact of Fuelwood Harvested on Commercial Forestland

Approximately

1 61,750 cords of fuelwood produced for the 2007

- 2008 heating season were harvested from growing stock on forestland. (See Figure 8.) This is a nine percent increase from the 2002

- 2003 survey , but total roundwood harvested for fuelwood increased by over 60 p ercent. This indicates a reduced impact of fuelwood use on the availability of growing stock for higher value forest products. This is further delineated b y volume that is derived from other sources of timber on forestland. Non

- growing stock consists of t rees and forest residue that is not usable as a higher value timber product, such as trees with excessive amount of defects or rot. The total volume of fuelwood removed from forestlands remains high, at 76 percent.



### 0

25 50 75 100 125 150

1988-1989 1995-1996 2002-2003 2007-2008 **Surv ey**  **Y ear** **G r** **o w** **i n** **g S** **t o** **c k** **V o** **l u** **m e** **( 1** **, 0** **0 0** **S t** **a n** **d a** **r d** **C o** **r d** **s )**  

### Ho us ehol ds Loggers Uni dent if ie d So urc es

**Figure 8: Volume of Fuelwood Harve sted from Growing Stock by Survey Year** 

The remaining fuelwood harvested in Minnesota comes from logging slash and trees on non

- forest land, which includes pastures, residential and commercial lots, parks, roads, and street rights

- of

- way

. Lo ggers a nd households that cut their own fuelwood harvested more oak as a fuelwood source than any other species, while ash followed with 19 percent of the total harvested. (See Figure 9.) When cutting for firewood, loggers cut more volume in species that make bet ter firewood. Oaks, ash, and some maples are a denser wood, thus burn longer and put out more heat. In Minnesota, oak is the preferred firewood species.

18

## 0

50 100 150 200 250

Oak Ash Ma pl e Asp en Elm Bir ch Pin e Ot her

Hardwoods **Sp ec**  **ie s** **V o** **l u** **m e** **B u** **r n** **e d** **( 1** **, 0** **0 0** **S t** **a n** **d a** **r d** **C o** **r d** **s )**  

## Hous ehol ds

Loggers

**Figure 9: Volume**  **of Fuelwood Cut by Households and Loggers in Minnesota by Species, 2007**

**- 2008** 



## Trends in Household Fuelwood Consumption

Until the 2007

- 2008 survey , the volume of fuelwood burned by Minnesota households had been decreasing, sharpl y at times, since the 1984

- 1985 survey , when 1.42 million cords of fuelwood were burned. Un til now, the decline was primaril y attributable to four factors. The most important factor probably was the decline in the price of fossil fuel and the increased availability of natural gas. The increased industrial demand for wood to manufacture paper and other forest products was also an important factor. The latter had and still has the greatest impact on the availability of fuelwood from aspen, birch, and maple. Other factors contributing to the decline in residential fuelwood consumption include th e amount of labor associated with producing one’s own fuelwood, the inconvenience of stoking and cleaning a wood burning facility , and the risk of structural fires and associated insurance costs attributed to wood burning facilities. However, stead y incre ases in fossil fuel prices over the past several ye ars has shifted demand back to the use of fuelwood as a source of heat. Despite the trend toward use of fuelwood for pleasure rather then for heat, the recent economic crisis and the associated downtu rn in industrial demand for wood could increase the consumption of fuelwood for primary and secondary

heating. The impact could be very significant in a short time, because even though 615,900 hous eholds are currentl y consuming fuelwood, there are approxim ately 734,300 households with wood burning facilities. In addition, the number of households planning to burn fuelwood in 2009

- 2010 is 631,300, an increase of more than 15,000. This means there still will be more than 100,000 households with the capability of burning fuelwood if they choose to do so. I n addition, almost 40,000 households plan to purchase a wood

- burning facility in the next y ear.

1920

# Appendices

2122

## Sources of Secondary Calculations of Fuelwood Volumes

1) Calculations of growing

- stock and non

- growing stock sources on forestland were based on factors obtained from the Minnesota L ogging Utilization Study , 1989, and other regional utilization studies. 2) A conversion factor of 1.0368 tons per cord was used for sawmill slabs and edgings, based on: Release No. 232. Cord

- Cubic Volume of Relationship of Slabwood and Edgings , Bell, G. E . and Brooks, E. American Pulpwood Association. New York, NY, 1955. 3) A conversion factor of 2.752 tons per cord was used for wood pellets, based on: Jason Berthiaume, Pellet Fuels Institute (PFI). Current standards require a minimum density for PFI

- grad ed pellets of 40lbs/cu ft. Under newly

approved standards, which will begin implementation in 2009 and fully phased in by

2010, density for super

- premium and premium pellets will be 40

- 46lbs/cu ft, with standard and utility grades at 38

- 46lbs/cu ft. As sup er - premium and premium will make up the vast majority of residential heating pellets, it makes sense to use the 40

- 46 range. Mid

- range of 43 X 128 cubic feet per cord = 2.752 tons per cord. 4) A conversion factor of 1.0989 tons per cord was used for wax/m anufactured fireplace logs, based on: Houck, J. E. OMNI Consulting Services, Inc. Beaverton, Oregon. July 2002. Email: houck@omni

test.com . He determined 444 ty pical logs make up a cord. The weighted average mas s of wax/sawdust fireplace logs is 4.95 lbs (2.5 lbs, 3.2 lbs, 5 lbs, and 6 lbs logs are sold). The average mass of densified logs sold is 5 lbs. 5) A conversion factor of 0.5184 tons per cord was used for wood pallets and crates, based on: WikiAnswers: “How much does a pallet weigh?” And “What is the standard size of a wooden pallet?” I t was assumed the Grocery Manufacturers' Association pallet was 48" x 40" and each weighed 45 pounds. Web site: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_weight_of_a_wooden_pallet and Web site: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_stand ard_size_of_a_wooden_pallet

. Both accessed Dec. 4, 2008. 6) A conversion factor of 1.60435 tons per cord was used for scrap lumber, based on: WikiAnswers: “How much does a 2 X 4 weigh?” Assuming 400

- 2 X 4s per cord and pine average of 27.5 pou nds per cubic foot. 1.5 x 3.5 x 96 = 504 cubic inches or 0.2917 cubic feet. .2917 X 27.5 = 8.02175lbs. per 2 X 4 X 8. Web site: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_a_2_x_4_weigh . Accessed Dec. 2, 2008. 7) A conversion factor of 1.054815 tons per cord was used for branches, based on: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality; Oregon Material Recovery Survey Attachments; Attachment B: Measurement Standards and Report ing Guidelines. Average yard debris loose and compacted. Website: http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/pubs/docs/sw/MRAttachmentB.pdf. Accessed Dec. 2, 2008. 8) A conversion factor of 0.954074 tons per cord was used for sawdust, based on: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality ; Oregon Material Recovery Survey Attachments; Attachment B: Measurement Standards and Reporting Guidelines. Average wet and dry

. Web site: http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/pubs/docs/sw/MRAttachmentB.pdf. Accessed Dec. 2, 2008.

9 ) An average density

of 1.396742 tons per cord was calculated as a weighted average density of 12 species groups burned in the state.

2324

# Tables

**Table A: Household Possession and Use of Wood** 

**- Burning F**  **acilities by Survey Unit Table B: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Reason for Burning and Survey Unit**  **Table C: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Type of Wood**

**- Burning Facility and Reason for**  **Burning Table D:Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Type of Wood** 

**- Burning Facility and Survey Unit**  **Table E:Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Place of Burning and Survey Unit Table F: Residential Fuelwood Consu**  **mption by Type of Fuelwood, Survey Unit, and Detailed Type of Burning Facility**  **Table G:Residential Fuelwood Consumption in Secondary Residences Within Each Survey Unit by Wood Bu**  **rners of Each Unit Table H:Survey Units Where Residents of Each Unit Burned Wood**  **Table I: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Reason for Burning and When First Burned Wood**  **Table J: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Type of Fuelwood Table K:Residential Fu**  **elwood Consumption by Type of Fuelwood, Survey Unit, and Detailed Type of Burning Facility**  **Table L: Residential Fuelwood Consumption of Roundwood by Species Group and Survey Unit Table M:Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Method of Procurement and S**  **urvey Unit Table N:Residential Fuelwood Consumption of Purchased Fuelwood by Survey Unit and Size of**  **Fuelwood Table O:Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Survey Unit and Place of Consumption**  **Table P: Residential Fuelwoo d Production by Survey Unit and Source of Material**  **Table Q:Residential Fuelwood Production by Species Group and Source of Material Table R:Residential Fuelwood Production by Ownership Class and Source of Material**  **Table S: Residential Fuelwood Production by Species Group and Ownership Class**  **Table T: Residential Fuelwood Production by Species Group and Survey Unit Table U: Residential Fuelwood Production by Homeowners and Loggers and Survey Unit** 

25

### Table A: **Household Possession and Use of Wood**

**- Bur**  **ning Facilities by Survey Unit**

**Survey Unit**  **Numbers**

**Households (Bureau of**  **the Census 2007)**  **Households**

**with Wood**

  ** Burning** **Facilities Households** 

**Burning Wood in**  **2007**

**- 2008**  **Households**

**Planning to Burn Wood**  **in 2009 Households** 

**Planning to Buy Wood** 

**** **Burning Faci**  **lities Households** 

**Burning Wood and Planning to**  **Buy Wood**

  ** Burning Facilities** Aspen

- Birch 111,116 49,080 43,190 45,153 1,963 785 Northern Pine 120,089 58,739 52,648 51,342 5,221 4,351 Central Hardwoods 416,067 142,983 133,966 139,118 11,593 7,729 Prairie 312,035 79,022 68,891 73,956 7,092 4,052 Metro 1,121,570 404,501 317,165 321,762 13,790 4,597 Total 2,080,877 734,325 615,860 631,331 39,659 21,514



### Table B: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Reason for Burning and Survey Unit
Survey Unit Where Burn ed and Reason for Burning Number of Wood Burning Facilities Volume

(cords) Average Volume

(cords per facility )AspenBirch 

### Pleasure 42,998 50,600 1.18 Primary Heat 17,779 65,720 3.70 Secondary

Heat 18,061 37,898 2.10 Total 78,838 154,21 8 1.96NorthernPine 

### Pleasure 52,002 27,852 0.54 Primary Heat 23,061 150,154 6.51 Secondary

Heat 19,145 30,750 1.61 Total 94,207 208,756 2.22CentralHardwoods 

### Pleasure 114,804 68,356 0.60 Primary Heat 28,339 123,864 4.37 Secondary

H eat 40,664 59,846 1.47 Total 183,807 252,066 1.37Prairie 

### Pleasure 54,906 30,186 0.55 Primary Heat 19,249 75,501 3.92 Secondary

Heat 21,819 41,071 1.88 Total 95,974 146,757 1.53Metro 

### Pleasure 321,762 113,888 0.35 Primary Heat 4,597 20,685 4.50 Secondary

Heat 50,563 82,526 1.63 Total 376,921 217,098 0.58AllUnits 

### Pleasure 586,471 290,881 0.50 Primary Heat 93,024 435,923 4.69 Secondary

Heat 150,252 252,091 1.68 Total 829,747 978,895 1.18 Note: Number of wood burning facilities does not equal number of households because some households have more than one wood burning facility.

26

### Table C: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Type of Wood

**- Burning Facility and Reason for** 

**Burning**

Ty

pe of fac ility Primary heat Secondary heat Pleasure

Number of Wood

- Burning Facilities Volume

(Cords) Number of

Wood

- Burning Facilities Volume

(Cords) Number of

Wood

- Burning Facilities Volume

(Cords)
Wood Stove 32,284 136,414 49,361 103,751 26,215 42,085 Fireplace

-- -- 6,320 8,565 65,998 23,812 Fireplace Insert 1,841 13,909 30,380 33,246 29,839 12,832 Wood Furnace or Boiler 20,752 147,712 2,694 6,539

-- -- Wood Pellet Stove 1,723 1,922 2,969 3,024

-- -- Fire Pit or Ring

-- -- -- -- 235,221 97 ,891 Com bination 36,424 135,967 58,528 96,991 229,198 114,235 Total 93,024 435,923 150,252 252,116 586,471 290,856

27

### Table D: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Type of Wood

**- Burning Facility and Survey Unit** 

Survey Unit and Reason for Burning Number of Wood Burning Facilities Volume

(cords) Average Volume

(cords per facility)Aspen-Birch Wood Stove 28,432 97,277 3.42 Fireplace 5,382 1,384 0.26 Fireplace Insert 3,534 4,042 1.14 Wood Furnace or Boiler 1 0,994 3,196 0.29 Wood Pellet Stove 393 2,945 7.50 Fire Pit or Ring 393 29 0.07 Com bination 29,711 45,346 1.53 Total 78,838 154,218 1.96NorthernPine Wood Stove 12,183 43,930 3.61 Fireplace 1,740 1,624 0.93 Fireplace Insert 4,351 7,512 1.73 Wood Furnace or Boiler 5,656 55,693 9.85 Wood Pellet Stove 435 237 0.55 Fire Pit or Ring 24,906 17,028 0.68 Com bination 44,935 82,731 1.84 Total 94,207 208,756 2.22CentralHardwoods Wood Stove 21,898 48,175 2.20 Fireplace 11,593 9,930 0.8 6 Fireplace Insert 17,478 16,244 0.93 Wood Furnace or Boiler 10,305 70,598 6.85 Wood Pellet Stove 3,864 4,681 1.21 Fire Pit or Ring 47,661 20,333 0.43 Com bination 71,007 82,105 1.16 Total 183,807 252,066 1.37Prairie Wood Stove 13,170 30,96 2 2.35 Fireplace 3,039 1,186 0.39 Fireplace Insert 9,118 21,056 2.31 Wood Furnace or Boiler 7,092 25,014 3.53 Fire Pit or Ring 22,956 8,858 0.39 Com bination 40,599 59,682 1.47 Total 95,974 146,757 1.53Metro Wood Stove 32,176 61,906 1.92 Fireplace 50,563 18,254 0.36 Fireplace Insert 27,580 11,133 0.40 Fire Pit or Ring 128,705 48,477 0.38 Com bination 137,898 77,329 0.56 Total 376,921 217,098 0.58AllUnits Wood Stove 107,860 282,250 2.62 Fireplace 72,317 32,378 0.45 Fireplac e Insert 62,060 59,987 0.97 Wood Furnace or Boiler 34,047 154,501 4.54 Wood Pellet Stove 4,692 7,863 1.68 Fire Pit or Ring 224,620 94,724 0.42 Com bination 324,150 347,193 1.07 Total 829,747 978,895 1.18 Note: Number of wood burning facilities does not equal number of households because some households have
mo re than one w ood burning facility.

28

### Table E: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Place of Burning and Survey Unit

Place of Burning and Survey Unit Number of Wood Burning Facilities V olume

(cords) Average Volume

(cords per facility)PrimaryResidence Aspen

- Birch 39,656 90,562 2.28 Northern Pine 56,999 175,659 3.08 Central Hardwoods 141,695 216,413 1.53 Prairie 69,904 123,864 1.77 Metro 330,955 206,543 0.62 Total 639,209 8 13,040 1.27Secondary/RecreationalResidence Aspen

- Birch 29,323 54,738 1.87 Northern Pine 24,381 18,863 0.77 Central Hardwoods 21,777 18,264 0.84 Prairie 8,029 10,388 1.29 Metro 9,193 996 0.11 Total 92,703 103,248 1.11Business Aspen

- Birch

-- -- -- Northern Pine 870 1,876 2.16 Central Hardwoods 2,576 10,402 4.04 Prairie 1,013 624 0.62 Metro 4,597 4,684 1.02 Total 9,056 17,585 1.94Garage/shop Aspen

- Birch 3,534 7,672 2.17 Northern Pine 2,176 9,907 4.55 Central Hardwoods 5,15 3 3,517 0.68 Prairie 4,052 8,332 2.06 Metro 4,597 1,052 0.23 Total 19,511 30,481 1.56Camping Aspen

- Birch 6,325 1,246 0.20 Northern Pine 9,781 2,450 0.25 Central Hardwoods 12,606 3,470 0.28 Prairie 12,976 3,549 0.27 Metro 27,580 3,824 0.1 4 Total 69,268 14,540 0.21AllUnits Aspen

- Birch 78,838 154,218 1.96 Northern Pine 94,207 208,756 2.22 Central Hardwoods 183,807 252,066 1.37 Prairie 95,974 146,757 1.53 Metro 376,921 217,098 0.58 Total 829,747 978,895 1.18

2 9

### Table F: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Type of Fuelwood, Survey Unit, and

**Detailed Type of Burning Facility**

Survey Unit Where Consumed and Detailed Type of Burning Facility Total Volume Roundw ood Wood Residues or Scrap Lumber Manufa ctured

Logs or Pellets (Cords) (Dry

Tons) (Cords) (Dry

Tons) (Cords) (Dry

Tons) (Cords) (Dry

Tons)Aspen-Birch Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 90,851 126,607 90,379 126,236 469 369 2 2 Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 8,499 11,877 8,468 11,828 31 49

-- -- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certified 19,463 27,188 19,446 27,161 17 27

-- -- Wood Pellet/Corn Stove 385 1,060

-- -- -- -- 385 1,060 Fireplace: Regular 1,938 2,662 1,787 2,496

-- -- 151 166 Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 3,989 5,512 3,921 5 ,477 68 35

-- -- Fireplace: Insert, Non

Catalytic, Certified 2,323 3,249 2,307 3,222 17 27

-- -- Fireplace: Insert, Catalytic, Certified 1,178 1,645 1,178 1,645

-- -- -- -- Boiler/Furnace: Indoor 3,392 4,738 3,392 4,738

-- -- -- -- Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 13,251 18,508 13,251 18,508

-- -- -- -- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 8,948 12,120 8,193 11,444 755 676

-- -- Total 154,218 215,166 152,323 212,756 1,357 1,182 538 1,228NorthernPine Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 43,196 59,301 39,554 55,2 47 3,643 4,054

-- -- Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 9,173 12,840 9,037 12,622 136 218

-- -- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certified 13,986 19,534 13,984 19,532 2 2

-- -- Wood Pellet/Corn Stove 1,225 3,371

-- -- -- -- 1,225 3,371 Fireplace: Regular 4,1 47 5,636 3,712 5,185 435 451

-- -- Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 7,385 10,308 7,361 10,281

-- -- 25 27 Fireplace: Insert, Non

Catalytic, Certified 2,428 3,391 2,428 3,391

-- -- -- -- Fireplace: Insert, Catalytic, Certified 1,595 2,228 1,595 2,228

-- -- -- -- Boiler/Furnace: Indoor 16,961 23,537 16,447 22,972

-- -- 514 565 Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 84,737 116,475 79,515 111,062 5,221 5,413

-- -- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 23,922 31,065 18,525 25,875 5,397 5,190

-- -- Total 208,756 287,684 192,15 8 268,395 14,834 15,325 1,764 3,964CentralHardwoods Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 51,625 72,157 51,194 71,505 431 652

-- -- Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 3,383 4,419 2,533 3,538 850 881

-- -- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certified 20,771 29,0 12 20,771 29,012

-- -- -- -- Wood Pellet/Corn Stove 8,898 24,487

-- -- -- -- 8,898 24,487 Fireplace: Regular 16,353 22,801 16,172 22,588 108 133 73 80 Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 15,118 21,116 15,118 21,116

-- -- -- -- Fireplace: Insert, Non

Cat alytic, Certified 7,059 9,898 6,879 9,608 181 290

-- -- Boiler/Furnace: Indoor 15,245 21,293 15,245 21,293

-- -- -- -- Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 79,924 107,553 70,032 97,817 9,892 9,736

-- -- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 33,687 43,263 28,241 39,445 5,447 3,8 18

-- -- Total 252,066 356,000 226,185 315,922 16,910 15,510 8,972 24,568

30Survey Unit Where Consumed and

Detailed Type of Burning Facility Total Volume Roundw ood Wood Residues or Scrap Lumber Manufactured

Logs or Pellets (Cords) (Dry

Tons) (Cords) (Dry

Tons) (Cords) (Dry

Tons) (Cords) (Dry

Tons)Prairie Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 40,614 57,073 38,258 53,437 2,356 3,636

-- -- Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 3,294 4,358 2,619 3,658 675 700

-- -- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certi fied 19,228 26,862 19,213 26,836 14 26

-- -- Fireplace: Regular 8,222 11,510 8,020 11,202 170 274 31 34 Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 22,916 32,008 22,916 32,008

-- -- -- -- Fireplace: Insert, Non

Catalytic, Certified 891 1,162 780 1,089 111 73

-- - - Fireplace: Insert, Catalytic, Certified 1,013 1,415 1,013 1,415

-- -- -- -- Boiler/Furnace: Indoor 14,366 20,095 14,224 19,867 142 228

-- -- Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 21,326 29,422 20,313 28,372 1,013 1,050

-- -- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 14,888 20,19 7 13,982 19,529 907 668

-- -- Total 146,757 204,097 141,337 197,411 5,389 6,652 31 34Metro Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 6,744 9,429 6,706 9,367 39 62

-- -- Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 57,171 79,858 57,145 79,817 26 41

-- -- Fireplac e: Regular 58,739 77,651 47,852 66,837 10,191 10049 696 765 Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 3,756 5,214 3,647 5,094

-- -- 109 120 Fireplace: Insert, Non

Catalytic, Certified 9,875 13,755 9,745 13,611

-- -- 131 144 Fireplace: Insert, Catalytic, Certifi ed 3,447 4,815 3,447 4,815

-- -- -- -- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 77,365 97,628 59,698 83,383 17,613 14,186 54 59 Total 217,098 288,349 188,240 262,923 27,869 24,338 990 1,088AllUnits Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 233,031 324,564 226,090 315,7 89 6,938 8,773 2 2 Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 81,520 113,352 79,802 111,463 1,718 1,889

-- -- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certified 73,448 102,597 73,415 102,542 33 55

-- -- Wood Pellet/Corn Stove 10,509 28,921

-- -- -- -- 10,509 28,921 Fireplac e: Regular 89,400 120,261 77,544 108,309 10,905 10,907 951 1,045 Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 53,164 74,155 52,962 73,974 68 35 133 146 Fireplace: Insert, Non

Catalytic, Certified 22,576 31,455 22,138 30,921 308 390 131 144 Fireplace: Insert, Catal ytic, Certified 7,234 10,104 7,234 10,104

-- -- -- -- Boiler/Furnace: Indoor 49,964 69,664 49,308 68,871 142 228 514 565 Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 199,238 271,959 183,112 255,760 16,127 16,199

-- -- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 158,811 204,271 128,638 179,67 4 30,119 24,538 54 59 Total 978,895 1,351,299 900,243 1,257,407 66,357 63,010 12,295 30,882

31

### Table G: Residential Fuelwood Consumption in Secondary Residences Within Each Survey Unit by Wood Burners of Each Unit

Primary Residence of Wood Bur ners Location of secondary residence 1 All Units

Aspen

- Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Metro

Number of Households Volume

(Cords) Number of

Households Volume

(Cords) Number of

Households Volume

(Cords) Number of

Households Volume

(Cords) Number of

Households Volume

(Cords) Number of

Households Volume

(Cords) Aspen

Birch 22,380 21,318 393 196

-- -- 393 283

-- -- 23,166 21,797 Northern Pine 435 7 17,404 20,266 435 218

-- -- -- -- 18,274 20,491 Central Hardw oods 2,576 3,864 5,153 3,392 36, 068 31,506 1,288 602

-- -- 45,085 39,364 Prairie

-- -- 5,066 1,888 1,013 390 15,197 11,284

-- -- 21,276 13,562 Metro 13,790 38,466 9,193 7,355 4,597 3,539 9,193 10,725 45,966 10,555 82,739 70,640 Total 39,181 63,655 37,209 33,097 42,113 35,653 26,071 22,894 45,966 10,555 190,540 165,854 1 Includes secondary residences, recreational and business buildings, camping, and other places of consumption.

32

### Table H: Survey Units Where Residents of Each Unit Burned Wood

Primary Residenc e of Wood Burners and Where Residents Burn Wood Number of Households Survey Unit Where Wood is Burned (Cords) Consumption by Wood Burners of each Unit (Cords) Average

Volume (Cords per Household) Aspen

Birch Northern

Pine Central

Hardwoods Prairie MetroAspenBirch Burn Outside of Unit

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Burn Within Unit 42,405 111,880

-- -- -- -- 111,880 2.64 Burn Within and Outside of Unit 785

-- 196

-- 283

-- 479 0.61 Total 43,190 111,880 196

-- 283

-- 112,359 2.6NorthernPine Burn Outside of Unit

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Burn Within Unit 51,778

-- 194,555

-- -- -- 194,555 3.76 Burn Within and Outside of Unit 870 7 1,371 218

-- -- 1,595 1.83 Total 52,648 7 195,925 218

-- -- 196,150 3.73CentralHardwoods Bur n Outside of Unit

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Burn Within Unit 126,237

-- -- 242,331

-- -- 242,331 1.92 Burn Within and Outside of Unit 7,729 3,864 3,392 5,588 602

-- 13,446 1.74 Total 133,966 3,864 3,392 247,919 602

-- 255,777 1.91Prairie Burn Outside of Unit 1,013

-- 810

-- -- -- 810 0.80 Burn within Unit 63,825

-- -- -- 125,409

-- 125,409 1.96 Burn Within and Outside of Unit 4,052

-- 1,077 390 9,738

-- 11,206 2.77 Total 68,891

-- 1,888 390 135,148

-- 137,425 1.99Metro Burn Outside of Unit 13,790 38,052 4,597

-- -- -- 42,649 3.09 Burn Within Unit 284,989

-- -- -- -- 207,352 207,352 0.73 Burn Within and Outside of Unit 18,386 414 2,758 3,539 10,725 9,746 27,183 1.48 Total 317,165 38,466 7,355 3,539 10,725 217,098 277,184 0.87AllUnits Burn Outside of Unit 14,803 38,052 5,407

-- -- -- 43,458 2.93 Burn Within Unit 569,234 111,880 194,555 242,331 125,409 207,352 881,527 1.55 Burn Within and Outside of Unit 31,822 4,285 8,794 9,735 21,348 9,746 53,909 1.69 Total 615,859 154,21 7 208,756 252,066 146,757 217,098 978,894 1.59

33

### Table I: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Reason for Burning **and When First Burned Wood** Reason for Burning and When First Burned Wood Number of Households Volume

(Cords) Average

(Cords per Household)Pleasure 

### Last ye ar 28,175 12,221 0.43 2 y ears ago 12,715 7,676 0.60 3 y ears ago 31,154 12,565 0.40 4 y ears ago 3,421 1,612 0.47 5 y ears ago 12,179 1,869 0.15 More than 5 ye ars ago 325,276 216,133 0.66 Total 412,920 252,076 0 .61PrimaryHeat 

### Last ye ar 10,718 45,369 4.23 2 y ears ago -- -- -- 3 y ears ago 1,448 6,371 4.40 4 y ears ago 2,158 14,708 6.81 5 y ears ago 1,406 9,348 6.65 More than 5 ye ars ago 63,996 371,638 5.81 Total 79,726 447,434 5.61SecondaryHeat 

### L ast ye ar 2,191 2,876 1.31 2 y ears ago 8,436 10,278 1.22 3 y ears ago 2,509 8,004 3.19 4 y ears ago 6,002 10,011 1.67 5 y ears ago 1,406 1,252 0.89 More than 5 ye ars ago 102,669 246,963 2.41 Total 123,213 279,384 2.27AllReasons 

### Last ye ar 41,0 84 60,466 1.47 2 y ears ago 21,151 17,954 0.85 3 y ears ago 35,111 26,940 0.77 4 y ears ago 11,581 26,331 2.27 5 y ears ago 14,991 12,469 0.83 More than 5 ye ars ago 491,941 834,734 1.70 Total 615,860 978,895 1.59

34

### Table J: Residen **tial Fuelwood Consumption by Type of Fuelwood***

Survey Unit Where Consumed and Ty pe of Roundwood Burned Number of Wood

Burning Facilities Ty

pe of Fuelwood Total Volume (Cords) Average

(Cords per Facilit y) Roundw ood (Cords) Wood Residues

and Scrap Lumbe r (Cords) Manufactured

Logs or Wood Pellets (Cords)AspenBirch Roundw ood 61,677 140,972

-- -- 140,972 2.29 Wood Residues 3,534

-- 78

-- 78 0.02 Manufactured Logs 1,178

-- -- 29 29 0.02 Com bination 12,449 11,352 1,279 510 13,140 1 .06 Total 78,838 152,323 1,357 538 154,218 1.96NorthernPine Roundw ood 75,596 175,345

-- -- 175,345 2.32 Wood residues 2,611

-- 6,418

-- 6,418 2.46 Manufactured Logs 1,740

-- -- 1,739 1,739 1 Com bination 14,260 16,813 8,416 25 25,253 1.77 Total 94,207 192,158 14,834 1,764 208,756 2.22CentralHardwoods Roundw ood 128,417 189,902

-- -- 189,902 1.48 Wood Residues 6,441

-- 337

-- 337 0.05 Manufactured Logs 9,017

-- -- 4,696 4,696 0.52 Com bination 39,932 36,282 16,573 4,275 57,131 1.43 Total 183,807 226,185 16,910 8,972 252,066 1.37Prairie Roundw ood 73,411 119,439

-- -- 119,439 1.63 Wood Residues 5,066

-- 1,086

-- 1,086 0.21 Manufactured Logs

-- -- -- -- -- -- Com bination 17,498 21,898 4,303 31 26,233 1.5 Total 95,975 141,337 5,389 31 146,757 1.53Metro Roundw ood 220,637 124,848

-- -- 124,848 0.57 Wood Residues 9,193

-- 431

-- 431 0.05 Manufactured Logs 13,790

-- -- 185 185 0.01 Com bination 133,301 63,392 27,437 805 91,634 0.69 Total 376,921 188,240 27,869 990 217,098 0.58AllUnits Roundw ood 559,738 750,506

-- -- 750,506 1.34 Wood Residues 26,845

-- 8,350

-- 8,350 0.31 Manufactured Logs 25,725

-- -- 6,649 6,649 0.26 Com bination 217,440 149,737 58,008 5,646 213,390 0.98 Total 829,748 900,243 66,357 12,295 978,895 1.1 8 *Most of this volume is derived from dead and cull trees, not trees from growing stock.

35

### Table K: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Type of Fuelwood, Survey Unit, and

**Detailed Type of Burning Facility***

Surv ey Unit Where Consumed and Detailed Ty pe of Burning Facility Total Volume (Cords) Roundw ood

(Cords) Wood Residues or

Scrap Lumber (Cords) Manufactured

Logs or Pellets (Cords)Aspen-Birch Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 90,851 90,379 469 2 Woodstov e: Catalytic, Certified 8,499 8,468 31

-- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certified 19,463 19,446 17

-- Wood Pellet/Corn Stove 385

-- -- 385 Fireplace: Regular 1,938 1,787

-- 151 Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 3,989 3,921 68

-- Fireplace: I nsert, Non

- Catalytic, Certified 2,323 2,307 17

-- Fireplace: Insert, Catalytic, Certified 1,178 1,178

-- -- Boiler/Furnace: Indoor 3,392 3,392

-- -- Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 13,251 13,251

-- -- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 8,948 8,193 755

- - Total 154,218 152,323 1,357 538NorthernPine Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 43,196 39,554 3,643

-- Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 9,173 9,037 136

-- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certified 13,986 13,984 2

-- Wood Pellet/Corn Stove 1,225

-- -- 1,225 Fireplace: Regular 4,147 3,712 435

-- Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 7,385 7,361

-- 25 Fireplace: Insert, Non

- Catalytic, Certified 2,428 2,428

-- -- Fireplace: Insert, Catalytic, Certified 1,595 1,595

-- -- Boile r/Furnace: Indoor 16,961 16,447

-- 514 Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 84,737 79,515 5,221

-- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 23,922 18,525 5,397

-- Total 208,756 192,158 14,834 1,764CentralHardwoods Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 51,625 51,194 431

-- Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 3,383 2,533 850

-- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certified 20,771 20,771

-- -- Wood Pellet/Corn Stove 8,898

-- -- 8,898 Fireplace: Regular 16,353 16,172 108 73 Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 15,118 15,1 18

-- -- Fireplace: Insert, Non

- Catalytic, Certified 7,059 6,879 181

-- Boiler/Furnace: Indoor 15,245 15,245

-- -- Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 79,924 70,032 9,892

-- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 33,687 28,241 5,447

-- Total 252,066 226,18 5 16,910 8,972

36Survey Unit Where Consumed and Detailed

Ty pe of Burning Facility Total Volume (Cords) Roundw ood

(Cords) Wood Residues or

Scrap Lumber (Cords) Manufactured

Logs or Pellets** (Cords)Prairie Woodstove: Conventional, Uncerti fied 40,614 38,258 2,356

-- Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 3,294 2,619 675

-- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certified 19,228 19,213 14

-- Fireplace: Regular 8,222 8,020 170 31 Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 22,916 22,916

-- -- Fireplace: I nsert, Non

- Catalytic, Certified 891 780 111

-- Fireplace: Insert, Catalytic, Certified 1,013 1,013

-- -- Boiler/Furnace: Indoor 14,366 14,224 142

-- Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 21,326 20,313 1,013

-- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 14,888 13,982 907

-- Total 146,757 141,337 5,389 31Metro Woodstove: Conventional, Uncertified 6,744 6,706 39

-- Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 57,171 57,145 26

-- Fireplace: Regular 58,739 47,852 10,191 696 Fireplace: Insert, Uncertified 3,756 3,647

-- 109 Fireplace: Insert, Non

- Catalytic, Certified 9,875 9,745

-- 131 Fireplace: Insert, Catalytic, Certified 3,447 3,447

-- -- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 77,365 59,698 17,613 54 Total 217,098 188,240 27,869 990AllUnits Woodstove: Conventional , Uncertified 233,031 226,090 6,938 2 Woodstove: Catalytic, Certified 81,520 79,802 1,718

-- Woodstove: Non

- Catalytic, Certified 73,448 73,415 33

-- Wood Pellet/Corn Stove 10,509

-- -- 10,509 Fireplace: Regular 89,400 77,544 10,905 951 Fi replace: Insert, Uncertified 53,164 52,962 68 133 Fireplace: Insert, Non

- Catalytic, Certified 22,576 22,138 308 131 Fireplace: Insert, Catalytic, Certified 7,234 7,234

-- -- Boiler/Furnace: Indoor 49,964 49,308 142 514 Boiler/Furnace: Outdoor 1 99,238 183,112 16,127

-- Fire Pit/Ring/Chimenea 158,811 128,638 30,119 54 Total 978,895 900,243 66,357 12,295 *Most of this volume is derived from dead and cull trees, not trees from growing stock. **I f material burned takes place in a pellet stove, the material is pellets. If burned in a fireplace, the material is manufactured logs.

37

### Table L: Residential Fuelwood Consumption of Roundwood by Species Group and Survey Unit*

*Most of this volume is derived from dead and cull trees, not trees from growing stock.

38 Species Group All Units

(Cords) Survey Unit where Consume d (cords)

Aspen

Birch Northern

Pine Central

Hardw oods Prairie Metro

Softwoods Cedar 6,034 1,257 12 1,032 2,114 1,619 Tam arack 782 226 522 34

-- -- Spruce

- fir 1,830 736 64 34 536 460 Pine 55,660 10,516 25,847 7,809 2,916 8,572 Total 64 ,306 12,735 26,445 8,909 5,566 10,651 Hardw oods Maple 92,701 12,377 13,097 22,108 19,638 25,481 Birch 87,420 42,339 19,309 12,033 4,365 9,374 Ash 157,611 37,538 12,752 26,296 42,223 38,802 Aspen 108,092 32,967 36,829 28,546 7,149 2,601 Oak 275,167 9, 977 77,604 92,925 22,674 71,987 Bassw ood 19,649 4,031 1,395 8,484 4,075 1,664 Elm 85,169 336 4,549 22,572 31,574 26,138 Other Hardw oods 10,127 24 177 4,313 4,071 1,542 Total 835,936 139,589 165,712 217,277 135,769 177,589 All Species 900,242 152,32 4 192,157 226,186 141,335 188,240

### Table M: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Method of Procurement and Survey Unit

Survey U nit Where Consumed and Procurement Method Roundwood Procurement Method Total

Round

wood Volume (Cords) Total

Other Fuelwood Ty pes 2 

### (Cords) Total

Fuelwood (Cords) Volume Cut (Cords) Volume Purchased (Cords) Volume

Other 1 

### (Cords)AspenBirch Cut 4 2,666

-- 2,984 45,650 578 46,228 Purchased 1

-- 72,786 769 73,556 701 74,257 Cut and Purchased 1 9,500 16,432 7,185 33,117 615 33,733 

### Total 52,166 89,218 10,939 152,323 1,895 154,218NorthernPine Cut 118,496

-- 4,251 122,747 3,755 126,502 Pur chased 1

-- 15,701 562 16,264 8,701 24,964 Cut and Purchased 1 21,713 25,140 6,294 53,147 4,142 57,289 

### Total 140,209 40,841 11,108 192,158 16,598 208,756CentralHardwoods Cut 148,846

-- 11,757 160,603 7,722 168,325 Purchased 1

-- 16,200 4,232 2 0,432 10,084 30,517 Cut and Purchased 1 12,021 19,249 13,879 45,149 8,075 53,224 

### Total 160,867 35,449 29,868 226,185 25,881 252,066Prairie Cut 115,374

-- 1,499 116,873 2,100 118,973 Purchased 1

-- 8,624 507 9,131 1,327 10,458 Cut and Purchase d 1 1,646 1,646 12,041 15,334 1,993 17,327 

### Total 117,020 10,271 14,047 141,337 5,420 146,757Metro Cut 95,930

-- 5,865 101,795 2,920 104,715 Purchased 1

-- 35,192 7,521 42,713 8,885 51,598 Cut and Purchased 1 4,317 22,104 17,310 43,732 17,053 60 ,785 

### Total 100,248 57,296 30,696 188,240 28,858 217,098Allunits Cut 521,312

-- 26,357 547,668 17,075 564,743 Purchased 1

-- 148,504 13,591 162,095 29,699 191,794 Cut and Purchased 1 49,198 84,572 56,710 190,480 31,879 222,358 

### Total 570,51 0 233,076 96,658 900,243 78,652 978,895 1 Includes gift wood, free w ood, and leftover w ood. 2 Includes wood residues, scrap lumber, manufactured logs and pellets.

39

### Table N: Residential Fuelwood Consumption of Purchased Fuelwood by Survey Un **it and Size**

**of Fuelwood**

Survey Unit Where Consumed and Size of Wood Purchased Number of Wood

- Burning Facilities Volume

(Cords) Average

(Cords per Facilit y)Aspen-Birch 16 inches 10,094 8,738 0.87 24 inches 785.2721 1,178 1.50 72 inches 785.2721 220.8 578 0.28 100 inches 9,466 31,871 3.37 Mixed slabs and endings 392.636 98.15901 0.25 Mixed roundwood 8,916 40,339 4.52 Tree length 785.2721 6,478 8.25 Roundw ood and Residues 392.636 392.636 1.00 Total 31,616 89,316 2.83NorthernPine 12 inch es 2,176 803 0.37 16 inches 6,527 11,024 1.69 24 inches 870.2101 1240.049 1.43 100 inches 3,046 10,171 3.34 Mixed slabs and endings 5,902 7,714 1.31 Mixed roundwood 3,046 5,112 1.68 Tree length 1,305 10,225 7.83 Roundw ood and Residues 2,176 3 ,250 1.49 Total 25,047 49,539 1.98CentralHardwoods 12 inches 6,441 1,231 0.19 16 inches 11,037 11,465 1.04 24 inches 1,288 1 0.00 100 inches 1,288 4,830 3.75 Mixed slabs and endings 1,288 1,787 1.39 Mixed roundwood 3,864 6,183 1.60 Roun dw ood and Residues 12,881 11,171 0.87 Total 38,088 36,668 0.96Prairie 12 inches 1,013 4,559 4.50 16 inches 2,026 317 0.16 24 inches 2,026 1,646 0.81 Mixed slabs and endings 2,026 537 0.27 Mixed roundwood 3,432 1,975 0.58 Roundw ood and Resi dues 1,013 1,268 1.25 Total 11,537 10,301 0.89

40

### Survey

Unit Where Consumed and Size of Wood Purchased Number of Wood

- Burning Facilities Volume

(Cords) Average

(Cords per Facilit y)Metro 12 inches 22,983 2,464 0.11 16 inches 64,352 1 7,322 0.27 Mixed slabs and endings 18,386 3,751 0.20 Mixed roundwood 22,983 10,285 0.45 Tree length 9,193 33,096 3.60 Roundw ood and Residues 18,386 3,652 0.20 Total 156,284 70,569 0.45Allunits 12 inches 32,612 9,057 0.28 16 inches 94,036 48,866 0.52 24 inches 4,970 4,065 0.82 72 inches 785.2721 220.8578 0.28 100 inches 13,800 46,872 3.40 Mixed slabs and endings 27,995 13,887 0.50 Mixed roundwood 42,241 63,894 1.51 Tree length 11,284 49,799 4.41 Roundw ood and Residues 34,849 1 9,733 0.57 Total 262,572 256,394 0.98

41

### Table O: Residential Fuelwood Consumption by Survey Unit and Place of Consumption

Survey Unit Where Consumed and Place of Consumption Number of Wood

Burning Facilities Primary

R esidence (Cords) Secondary

Residence (Cords) Other

Buildings 1 

### (Cords) Total

Fuelwood (Cords) Average

(Cords per Facilit y)Aspen-Birch Primary Residence 31,018 69,667

-- -- 69,667 2.25 Secondary Residence 6,167

-- 2,219

-- 2,219 0.36 Other Buildings 1 12,057

-- -- 45,047 45,047 3.74 Com bination 29,596 20,895 11,008 5,381 37,284 1.26 

### Total 78,838 90,562 13,228 50,428 154,218 1.96NorthernPine Primary Residence 46,991 156,736

-- -- 156,736 3.34 Secondary Residence 6,772

-- 6,623

-- 6,623 0.98 Other Buildings 1 5,757

-- -- 12,673 12,673 2.20 Com bination 34,687 18,923 4,847 8,953 32,724 0.94 

### Total 94,207 175,659 11,470 21,626 208,756 2.22CentralHardwoods Primary Residence 108,203 186,349

-- -- 186,349 1.72 Secondary Residence 3,864

-- 3,301

-- 3,301 0.85 Other Buildings 1 6,441

-- -- 14,577 14,577 2.26 Com bination 65,299 30,064 6,185 11,590 47,839 0.73 

### Total 183,807 216,413 9,486 26,167 252,066 1.37Prairie Primary Residence 53,694 90,777

-- -- 90,777 1.69 Secondary Resid ence 393

-- 283

-- 283 0.72 Other Buildings 1 4,052

-- -- 6,975 6,975 1.72 Com bination 37,835 33,086 9,193 6,443 48,723 1.29 

### Total 95,974 123,864 9,476 13,418 146,757 1.53Metro Primary Residence 266,603 179,530

-- -- 179,530 0.67 Secondary Res idence 4,597

-- 766

-- 766 0.17 Other Buildings 1 4,597

-- -- 41 41 0.01 Com bination 101,125 27,013

-- 9,748 36,761 0.36 

### Total 376,921 206,543 766 9,789 217,098 0.58Allunits Primary Residence 506,510 683,059

-- -- 683,059 1.35 Secondary Resid ence 21,793

-- 13,192

-- 13,192 0.61 Other Buildings 1 32,903

-- -- 79,314 79,314 2.41 Com bination 268,541 129,981 31,234 42,115 203,330 0.76 

### Total 829,747 813,040 44,426 121,429 978,895 1.18
1 Include: garages, business and recreational building s


### .

42

### Table P: Residential Fuelwood Production by Homeowners and Loggers, Survey Unit, and Source

**of Material**

Survey Unit All

Sources cords Forest Land (cords) Non

- Forest Land (cords)

Standing Live Trees Logging

Waste Dead Trees Windbreaks and Fencerows Pasture and

Cropland Cities and

Tow ns Yard Trees
Aspen

- Birch 100,875 62,311 3,273 26,672 1,021 790 760 6,048 Northern Pine 245,895 58,417 27,829 130,747 787 11,519 4,536 12,060 Central Hardwoods 419,255 67,019 79,718 185,858 14,107 15,400 20,007 37,147 Prairie 195,491 8,326 4,805 120,265 12,062 29,993 5,561 14,479 Metro 72,571 8

-- 11,785 460

-- 16,387 43,932 All Units 1,034,087 196,080 115,625 475,327 28,436 57,702 47,251 113,666



### Table Q: Residential Fuelwood Production by Homeown **ers, Loggers, Species Group, and Source of Material**

Ownership Class All

Sources cords Forest Land (cords) Non

- Forest Land (cords)

Standing Live Trees Logging

Waste Dead Trees Windbreaks and Fencerows Pasture and

Cropland Cities and

Tow ns Yard Trees

So ftwoods Cedar 3,247 927 81 1,879 69

-- 268 24 Tam arack 14,528 2,045 646 11,838

-- -- -- -- Spruce

- fir 2,560 469

-- 1,617 94 32 143 205 Pine 53,269 5,101 9,670 28,784 776 1,955 1,706 5,278 Total 73,604 8,542 10,396 44,117 939 1,987 2,116 5,507 Hardw oods Maple 120,703 31,151 13,506 52,375 353 2,663 7,151 13,502 Birch 77,138 31,030 6,167 29,143 678 2,224 1,834 6,061 Ash 195,778 27,106 8,726 86,616 14,293 26,489 9,716 22,834 Cottonwood 8,547 313

-- 1,454 547 2,214 738 3,281 Aspen 115 ,731 31,887 21,376 44,990 1,167 4,930 1,416 9,966 Oak 304,146 57,535 45,530 153,127 4,154 8,743 13,328 21,730 Bassw ood 32,116 6,261 6,931 10,248 38 502 1,975 6,161 Elm 99,036 1,507 2,640 51,570 6,092 5,965 6,859 24,403 Other Hardw oods 7,288 747 354 1,6 87 175 1,986 2,118 221 Total 960,482 187,538 105,229 431,209 27,497 55,715 45,135 108,159

43

### Table R: **Residential Fuelwood Production by Homeowners, Loggers, Ownership Class, and Source of Material**

Ownership Class All

Sources cords Forest Land (cords) Non

- Forest Land (cords)

Standing Live Trees Logging

Waste Dead Trees Windbreaks and Fencerows Pasture and

Cropland Cities and

Tow ns Yard Trees

National Forest 6,578 5,767 303 507

-- -- -- -- Other Federal 48 18

-- 29

-- -- -- -- State 88 ,052 46,293 36,745 5,014

-- -- -- -- County 55,162 37,862 6,186 11,114

-- -- -- -- Municipal 6,748

-- 81 2,616

-- -- 3,931 121 Forest Industry 7,340 2,019 1,368 3,952

-- -- -- -- Private 870,159 114,422 70,942 452,095 28,171 57,453 42,120 104,957 A ll ownerships 1,034,087 206,381 115,625 475,327 28,171 57,453 46,051 105,078

.



### Table S: Residential Fuelwood Production by Homeowners, Loggers, Species Group, and Ownership

**Class**

Species Group All

Ownerships cords Ownership Class (cords)

National Forest Other Federal State County Municipal Forest Industry Private Softwoods Cedar 3,247

-- -- 61

-- 50 18 3,119 Tam arack 14,528

-- -- 3,056 1,111

-- -- 10,361 Spruce

- fir 2,560

-- -- -- -- 50

-- 2,509 Pine 53,269 52 22 2,811 2,684 121 2,514 45,065 Total 73,604 52 22 5,927 3,795 221 2,532 61,055 Hardw oods Maple 120,703 1,749 4 9,601 11,429 1,011 603 96,305 Birch 77,138 1,962 16 6,997 11,631 162 1,679 54,691 Ash 195,778 1,361 1 12,656 7,481 384 280 173,615 Cottonwood 8,547

-- -- -- -- 725

-- 7, 823 Aspen 115,731 1,144 0 10,781 4,860 1,197 212 97,537 Oak 304,146 282 5 36,381 13,773 1,413 1,579 250,713 Bassw ood 32,116 26 0 5,274 158 100 0 26,557 Elm 99,036 1 1 434 2,033 1,536 453 94,578 Other Hardw oods 7,288 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,285

Total 960,482 6,525 26 82,125 51,367 6,528 4,807 809,104 All Species 1,034,087 6,578 48 88,052 55,162 6,748 7,340 870,159 0= Less than 1⁄2 cord

44

### Table T: Residential Fuelwood Production by Homeowners, Loggers, Species Group, and Survey Unit

Species Gro up All

Units cords Survey Unit (cords)

Aspen

Birch Northern

Pine Central

Hardw oods Prairie Metro
Softwoods Cedar 3,247 1,564 85 525 904 170 Tam arack 14,528 892 13,572

-- 65

-- Spruce

- fir 2,560 1,500 3

-- 914 143 Pine 53,269 3,980 31,535 12,906 3,3 16 1,532 Total 73,604 7,936 45,195 13,431 5,199 1,845 Hardw oods Maple 120,703 17,041 14,164 48,477 26,079 14,941 Birch 77,138 29,675 29,081 13,384 2,034 2,964 Ash 195,778 16,556 19,041 71,174 75,264 13,743 Cottonwood 8,547

-- -- 4,434 4,100 13 As pen 115,731 21,704 46,549 39,108 7,842 528 Oak 304,146 6,556 86,242 169,184 26,752 15,412 Bassw ood 32,116 355 3,223 24,317 3,726 494 Elm 99,036 1,042 2,359 34,666 40,369 20,601 Other Hardw oods 7,288 9 41 1,079 4,126 2,032 Total 960,482 92,938 200,7 00 405,823 190,292 70,728 All Species 1,034,087 100,875 245,895 419,255 195,491 72,571



### Table U: Residential Fuelwood Production by Homeowners, Loggers, Ownership Class, and Survey Unit

Ownership Class All Units cords Survey Unit (cords)

Aspen

Birch Northern

Pine Central

Hardw oods Prairie MetroHouseholds National Forest 776 5 764 7

-- -- Other Federal 48 41

-- 7

-- -- State 9,109 5 7,926 1,178

-- -- County 27,403 2,282 11,639 1,514 3,120 8,848 Municipal 6,184 654 322 4,040 896 272 Forest Industry 3,467 1,128 825 1,514

-- -- Private 776,063 54,360 171,456 298,351 189,358 62,538 Total 823,050 58,475 192,932 306,611 193,374 71,658Loggers National Forest 5,802 4,726 1,076

-- -- -- State 78,943 12,346 13,894 52,582 121

-- County 27 ,758 13,581 14,113 64

-- -- Municipal 564

-- -- 56

-- 508 Forest Industry 3,873 129 3,744

-- -- -- Private 94,097 11,617 20,138 59,942 1,995 405 Total 211,037 42,399 52,965 112,644 2,116 913TotalHarvest National Forest 6,577 4,731 1,839 7

-- -- Other Federal 48 41

-- 7

-- -- State 88,052 12,351 21,820 53,760 121

-- County 55,160 15,863 25,751 1,578 3,120 8,848 Municipal 6,748 654 322 4,096 896 780 Forest Industry 7,340 1,257 4,569 1,514

-- -- Private 870,159 65,977 191,593 358,293 191,353 62,943 Total 1,034,087 100,875 245,895 419,255 195,491 72,571 45