Emission Locomotive Emission Factors by Tier

Tier PM10 HC NOX CO

Tier 2 0.18 0.26 4.95 1.28

Tier 2+ and Tier 3 0.08 0.13 4.95 1.28

Tier 4 0.015 0.04 1.00 1.28

Taken from Table 1 of EPA’s Technical Highlights: Emission Factors for Locomotives, 2009 (http://www.epa.gov/nonroad/locomotv/420f09025.pdf). 

+ indicates that these are the revised standards in 40 CFR 1033.

Large Line-haul is assumed to be representative of the locomotives used in both freight and passenger trains of AAF.

Tier PM10 HC NOX CO

Tier 2 0.19 0.51 7.30 1.83

Tier 2+ 0.11 0.26 7.30 1.83

Tier 3 0.08 0.26 4.50 1.83

Tier 4 0.015 0.08 1.00 1.83

Taken from Table 2 of EPA’s Technical Highlights: Emission Factors for Locomotives, 2009 (http://www.epa.gov/nonroad/locomotv/420f09025.pdf). 

+ indicates that these are the revised standards in 40 CFR 1033.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GM-EMD_locomotives

From Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GM-EMD_locomotives), the estimated horsepower ratings for the two specified freight locomotives:

Six-axle roadswitchers or Special Duty Locomotives (SD) 

Model designation Build year Total produced AAR wheel 

arrangement

Prime mover

Power output 

(hp) Image

4,000

(3.2 MW)

3,000

(2.2 MW)

Cowl units

Model designation Build year Total produced AAR wheel 

arrangement

Prime mover

Power output 

(hp) Image

3,200

(2.2 MW)

FREIGHT: Average Speed and Estimated One-Way Travel Time Along Line (by Year and County)

County 2006 2015 2016 2006 2015 2030

Palm Beach Co 28.5 30.5 39.5 0.92 0.86 0.67

Broward Co 22.6 30.5 38.5 1.16 0.86 0.68

Miami-Dade Co 29.5 31.3 33.2 0.45 0.42 0.40

Total track length = 65.78 miles 

(assumes Palm Beach Co and Broward Co distances are equal, AND are twice the distance as that traveled in Miami-Dade Co)

Average speed provided by engineering.

PASSENGER: Average Speed and Estimated One-Way Travel Time (by County)

County

Palm Beach Co

Broward Co

Miami-Dade Co

Total

Total track length = 65.78 miles 

(assumes Palm Beach Co and Broward Co distances are equal, AND are twice the distance as that traveled in Miami-Dade Co)

Average speed provided by engineering.

F40PH-2 1985–1989 90 B-B EMD 16-645E3

SD70 1993–1999 122 C-C EMD 16-710G3

SD40 1966–1972 1,268 C-C EMD 16-645E3

Large Line-haul (g/bhp-hr)

Switch (g/bhp-hr)

Average Speed (mph) Estimated One-Way Travel Time (hrs)

Linear Distance (miles)

26.31

26.31

13.16

(per email correspondence From: Skoropowski, Eugene K. (FECR.BWY) dated Wednesday, June 27, 

2012, To: Cumber, Husein (FECR.BWY); Stevens, Robert (FECR.BWY) on Subject: RE: FEC CatEx)

Average Speed (mph) Estimated One-Way Travel Time (hrs)

0.44

0.44

0.22

60.1

26.31

13.16

Linear Distance (miles)

(per email correspondence From: Skoropowski, Eugene K. (FECR.BWY) dated Wednesday, June 27, 

2012, To: Cumber, Husein (FECR.BWY); Stevens, Robert (FECR.BWY) on Subject: RE: FEC CatEx)

26.31

60.1

60.1

1.09
FREIGHT: Annual Line-Haul Emissions (tons per year)

County PM10 HC NOX CO PM10 HC NOX CO PM10 HC NOX CO

Palm Beach Co 4 6 111 29 0 0 11 14 0 1 13 17

Broward Co 5 7 140 36 0 0 11 14 0 1 14 17

Miami-Dade Co 2 3 54 14 0 0 5 7 0 0 8 10

Total 11 16 305 79 0 1 27 35 1 1 35 44

Notes:

1) Assumed Freight train frequency = Year Frequency (trains per day) Passenger Train Emissions Per County

2006 27 County PM10 HC NOx CO

2015 14 (as provided by project proponent) Palm Beach Co 0.08 0.23 5.64 7.22

2030 22 (as provided by project proponent) Broward Co 0.08 0.23 5.64 7.22

2) Emissions estimated for two(2) Miami-Dade Co 0.04 0.11 2.82 3.61

3) Emissions beginning 2015 and thereafter are based on sole use of Tier 4 locomotives for BOTH freight and the new passenger services; prior locomotives assumed to be Tier 2.

SUMMARY: Annual Emissions (tons per year)

Assumed

Calendar Year Tier PM10 HC NOX CO PM10 HC NOX CO PM10 HC NOX CO PM10 HC NOX CO

2006 2 11 16 305 79 -- -- -- -- 0.06 0.16 2.35 0.59 11 16 308 79

2015 4 0 1 27 35 0 1 14 18 0.01 0.05 0.64 1.18 1 2 42 54

2030 4 1 1 35 44 0 1 14 18 0.01 0.08 0.97 1.77 1 2 50 64

Notes:

28 trains per day (based on 1 train per hour, per direction) Daily operating hours = 14 hrs/day

3500

3) Emissions beginning 2015 and thereafter are based on sole use of Tier 4 locomotives for freight, new passenger services and switching; all prior locomotives assumed to be Tier 2.

4) Assumed following operational details for switching: Number of switching locomotives: 1 Year Hours

Assumed horsepower of switching locomotive: 4000 hp 2006 2

2015 4

2030 6

2006 2015 2030

Switching

ESTIMATED ANNUAL Emissions (tons/yr)

5) Includes 28% load factor for line-hauling and 10% load factor for switching (Source: Locomotive Emission Standards Regulatory Support Document, EPA 1998) 

1) Maximum passenger train frequency =

 (obtained from project proponent)

4) Includes 28% load factor for line-hauling (Source: Port of Long Beach, 2007 Air Emissions Inventory).

2) Freight emissions estimated for two (2) SD70 locomotives, each rated at 4,000 bhp (both operating at full horsepower rating). Passenger emissions estimated for two (2) 3,500 bhp locomotives. These assumptions were provided by project 

proponent.

Freight Passenger TOTAL
MOVES2010b Modeling Summary Output

Year State County Run CO NOx Exhaust_PM10 Exhaust_PM25 Brake_PM10 Tire_PM10 Brake_PM25 Tire_PM25 PM10 PM25 SO2 VOC VMT (miles) CO NOx PM10 PM25 SO2 VOC CO NOx PM10 PM25 SO2 VOC

2006 12 12011 Broward County 1 1.55801E+11 33648480256 943859520 907282240 338754272 99972408 88679248 23974210 1382586200 1019935698 529945696 9.052E+09 14425907200 10.8000488 2.332503585 0.0958405 0.070702 0.036736 0.627474

2006 12 12086 Miami-Dade County 1 1.74331E+11 36756299776 1010983168 971415424 396851808 113998256 103887976 27337656 1521833232 1102641056 581009664 1.014E+10 16259600384 10.7217113 2.260590599 0.09359598 0.067815 0.035733 0.623632

2006 12 12099 Palm Beach County 1 1.00914E+11 21607188480 615719296 591726656 226522704 67289264 59299080 16136523 909531264 667162259 344922336 6.031E+09 9718648832 10.3835257 2.223270833 0.09358618 0.068648 0.035491 0.620611 10.6351 2.272122 0.094341 0.069055 0.035987 0.623906

2015 12 12011 Broward County 1 86181273600 15937259520 423905472 405485184 364711168 106128720 95474352 25450498 894745360 526410034 111390208 4.563E+09 15237732352 5.65578077 1.045907564 0.05871906 0.034546 0.00731 0.299458

2015 12 12086 Miami-Dade County 1 98673696768 17312602112 456761504 436670368 427247264 121014664 111844704 29020296 1005023432 577535368 125313408 5.106E+09 17173040128 5.74584908 1.008126807 0.05852333 0.03363 0.007297 0.297349

2015 12 12099 Palm Beach County 1 55870087168 10248407040 277492320 265360112 243944144 71456320 63859780 17135800 592892784 346355692 73467520 3.044E+09 10267296768 5.44155764 0.998160204 0.05774575 0.033734 0.007155 0.296454 5.614396 1.017398 0.058329 0.03397 0.007254 0.297754

2030 12 12011 Broward County 1 76388352000 6958206976 168279984 157421984 463493088 138574352 121333216 33231286 770347424 311986486 119706520 2.526E+09 19881754624 3.84213332 0.349979522 0.03874645 0.015692 0.006021 0.127055

2030 12 12086 Miami-Dade County 1 87714742272 7256811008 185674368 173573472 542862400 158033872 142110256 37897856 886570640 353581584 134506256 2.787E+09 22408611840 3.91433182 0.323840274 0.03956384 0.015779 0.006002 0.124367

2030 12 12099 Palm Beach County 1 49376010240 4456889856 111638496 104404440 310058208 93309280 81167088 22376310 515005984 207947838 78884776 1.682E+09 13394728960 3.6862269 0.332734605 0.03844841 0.015525 0.005889 0.125602 3.814231 0.335518 0.03892 0.015665 0.005971 0.125675

Station Pair VMT Reduction Emissions (tons per year)

Station Pair

Reduction 

in VMT CO NOx PM10 PM25 SO2 VOC

Reduction 

in VMT CO NOx PM10 PM25 SO2 VOC

Miami / Fort Lauderdale 7,283,318 45.03 8.16 0.47 0.27 2.39 8,455,176 35.52 3.12 0.36 0.15 1.17

Miami / West Palm Beach 35,747,716 221.04 40.05 2.30 1.34 11.72 41,499,385 174.33 15.33 1.78 0.72 5.74

Fort Lauderdale / West Palm Beach 1,198,307 7.41 1.34 0.08 0.04 0.39 1,391,110 5.84 0.51 0.06 0.02 0.19

Total 44,229,342 273.48 49.56 2.84 1.65 14.50 51,345,672 215.69 18.97 2.20 0.89 7.11

Passenger Train Emissions (tons per year)

County PM10 PM2.5 VOC NOX CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5 VOC NOx CO SO2

Palm Beach County 0.08 0.08 0.24 5.64 7.22 0.08 0.08 0.24 5.64 7.22

Broward County 0.08 0.08 0.24 5.64 7.22 0.08 0.08 0.24 5.64 7.22

Miami-Dade County 0.04 0.04 0.12 2.82 3.61 0.04 0.04 0.12 2.82 3.61

Total 0.21 0.21 0.59 14.10 18.04 0.21 0.21 0.59 14.10 18.04

Difference between VMT Reduction emissions and Passenger Train Emissions (tons per year)

CO NOx PM10 PM25 SO2 VOC CO NOx PM10 PM25 SO2 VOC

Regional Total 255.44 35.46 2.63 1.45 13.91 197.64 4.88 1.99 0.68 6.51

2015 2030

2015 2030

Emissions (grams) Emission Factor (grams/mile) Weighted Average Emission Factor (grams/mile)

2015 2030
COFL2004 Example Input/Output

Input============================================================================== Output============================================================================

FEC Commuter Rail Service from WPB to Miami 07-26-2012

Fort Lauderdale Worst Intersection - Avenue of the Arts/Broward Blvd - Design

Chris Fatogoma CO Florida 2004

6

1,2035,3 Project: FEC Commuter Rail Service from WPB to Miami

20 Facility: Fort Lauderdale Worst Intersection - Avenue of the Arts/Broward Blvd - Design

2044 Analyst: Chris Fatogoma

2590

1421 Environmental Data:

3727 Temperature: 58 F

45 Reid Vapor Pressure: 11.5 psi

45 Land Use: Urban

10,0 Stability Class: D

Default Rec 1,20,150,6 Surface Roughness: 175 

Default Rec 2,20,50,6 Background Concentration: 1-hr = 5.0 ppm 8-hr = 3.0 ppm

Default Rec 3,50,20,6

Default Rec 4,150,20,6 Project Data:

Default Rec 5,50,50,6 Region: 6: Palm Beach / Broward / Dade

Default Rec 6,20,-150,6 Year: 2035 

Default Rec 7,20,-50,6 Intersection Type: 6 x 4 Intersection

Default Rec 8,50,-20,6 Max 4-Lane Traffic: 2044 veh/hour

Default Rec 9,150,-20,6 Max 6-Lane Traffic: 3727 veh/hour

Default Rec 10,50,-50,6 4-Lane Speed: 45 

 6-Lane Speed: 45 

Receptor Data (all distances are in feet):

 East-West Distance North-South Distance Receptor

 Receptor Name from Intersection from Intersection Height

 ------------- ------------------ -------------------- --------

 Default Rec 1 20 150 6 

 Default Rec 2 20 50 6 

 Default Rec 3 50 20 6 

 Default Rec 4 150 20 6 

 Default Rec 5 50 50 6 

 Default Rec 6 20 -150 6 

 Default Rec 7 20 -50 6 

 Default Rec 8 50 -20 6 

 Default Rec 9 150 -20 6 

 Default Rec 10 50 -50 6 

RESULTS (including background CO):

 Max 1-Hr Max 8-Hr

 Receptor Name Conc (ppm) Conc (ppm)

 ------------- ---------- ----------

 Default Rec 1 8.7 5.2

 Default Rec 2 9.8 5.9

 Default Rec 3 10.5 6.3

 Default Rec 4 10.2 6.1

 Default Rec 5 9.3 5.6

 Default Rec 6 9.1 5.5

 Default Rec 7 10.2 6.1

 Default Rec 8 10.6 6.4

 Default Rec 9 9.6 5.8

 Default Rec 10 9.7 5.8

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 PROJECT PASSES - NO EXCEEDANCES OF NAAQ CO STANDARDS ARE PREDICTED

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