FILED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

October 18, 2012

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

JOHNNY DALE BLACK,

Petitioner - Appellant, No. 10-6062

v. (W.D. Oklahoma)

ANITA TRAMWELL, Warden,

Oklahoma State Penitentiary,*

Respondent - Appellee.

(D.C. No. 5:02-CV-00225-C)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT**

Before LUCERO, HARTZ, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.

On June 14, 2012, this court issued an order rejecting most of the claims

raised by Defendant Johnny Black on appeal. See Black v. Workman, 682 F.3d

880 (10th Cir. 2012). A few claims, however, were not resolved because of a

question whether the state procedural default of those claims had been

*

Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 43(c)(2), Anita Tramwell, acting Warden of

the Oklahoma State Penitentiary, replaces Randall G. Workman effective

September 24, 2012. 

**This order and judgment is not binding precedent except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited,

however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th

Cir. R. 32.1. 
independent of federal law. We certified that question to the Oklahoma Court of

Criminal Appeals (OCCA), asking whether the procedural default depended on

the merits of Defendant’s federal constitutional claims. The OCCA promptly

responded, issuing an opinion on August 15 stating, “Our decision denying

Black’s claims in his second post-conviction application as procedurally barred

did not depend on the merits of those claims.” Op. Answering Certified Question

of Law at 1, Black v. Workman, No. CQ-2012-528 (Okla. Crim. App. Aug. 15,

2012). 

Although this response appeared to resolve the question, Defendant

requested authorization for further briefing, which we have granted. We are not

persuaded by Defendant’s arguments.

There is no longer any doubt that the state procedural bar was totally

independent of federal law. The state court barred Defendant’s claims under a

state procedural rule without examining the merits of his federal issues. The bar

did not depend on any issue of federal law subject to our review.

Defendant argues that the OCCA’s response to our certified question shows

that the ground for the state procedural bar must be inadequate (and therefore can

be ignored by this court) because, he claims, the state court is inconsistent

regarding whether it examines the merits of federal claims before invoking the

bar. We disagree. In our June 14 decision we rejected Defendant’s contention

that the bar is inadequate. The OCCA’s response to our certified question does

-2-
not alter our assessment. Prior decisions by that court did not indicate that

application of the procedural bar required the assessment of the merits of any

federal constitutional issue. This court simply had sufficient doubt on the subject,

particular in light of the decision by the United States Supreme Court in Ake v.

Oklahoma, 470 U.S. 68 (1985), that it seemed prudent to request clarification

from the OCCA. Given that clarification, we discern no inconsistency that would

change our prior rejection of Defendant’s argument that the state procedural bar is

inadequate.

Therefore, we affirm the decision of the district court with respect to the

issues left undecided by our June 14 order. We agree with that court that

Defendant’s issues 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are procedurally barred.

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Harris L Hartz

Circuit Judge

-3-