MILITARY 

PERSONNEL

Actions Needed to 

Improve Evaluation

and Oversight of 

Reserve Officers’

Training Corps 

Programs

Report to Congressional Committees

November 2013

GAO-14-93

United States Government Accountability Office
United States Government Accountability Office

Highlights of GAO-14-93, a report to 

congressional committees

November 2013

MILITARY PERSONNEL

Actions Needed to Improve Evaluation and 

Oversight of Reserve Officers’ Training Corps

Programs

Why GAO Did This Study

ROTC is the largest source of newly 

commissioned officers for DOD. GAO’s 

analysis of DOD data identified more 

than 9,000 officers commissioned from 

ROTC in fiscal year 2012. ROTC is

critical for producing officers from the 

nation’s colleges and universities to 

meet the leadership and readiness 

needs of the armed forces. The 

National Defense Authorization Act for 

Fiscal Year 2013 mandated GAO to 

review the services’ ROTC programs. 

This report assesses the extent that

ROTC programs (1) met goals and 

minimum annual requirements for 

producing officers over a 5-year period,

(2) have established performance 

measures and conducted evaluations 

for managing ROTC programs, and (3) 

are subject to oversight and have 

effective processes for communicating

with key stakeholders. GAO analyzed 

ROTC production data from fiscal 

years 2008 through 2012; reviewed 

relevant legislation and DOD and 

service policies and guidance for 

ROTC; and reviewed and discussed 

assessments of ROTC efficiency and 

effectiveness, and oversight of ROTC 

with officials from OSD and the 

services.

What GAO Recommends

GAO is making six recommendations 

to DOD, to include establishing clearly 

defined performance measures and 

conducting routine program 

evaluations; reexamining oversight 

roles and responsibilities; and 

developing a strategy for 

communicating with Congress and 

other key stakeholders on program 

performance. DOD concurred with 

each of GAO’s recommendations.

What GAO Found

From fiscal years 2008 through 2012, each military service met at least 91

percent of their overall Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) goals for 

producing the number of officers needed to meet service end strength 

authorizations, but each has reported challenges in commissioning officers for 

some certain occupational specialties, such as engineers and nurses. Further, 

GAO’s analysis found that half of the Department of Defense’s (DOD) ROTC 

units did not meet DOD’s minimum average annual production requirement over 

the 5-year period reviewed. Further, cost per commissioned officer varies greatly

depending on unit production. For example, excluding tuition costs, the average 

cost per officer produced across all units was about $68,000, compared to an 

average cost of about $95,000 per officer for units that produced fewer than 15 

officers on average annually from fiscal years 2008 through 2012.

DOD’s instruction specifies factors to consider before closing ROTC units, but

these factors do not constitute clearly defined performance measures that 

provide a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness and efficiency of 

ROTC programs, and service evaluations of ROTC programs are ad hoc. DOD’s

instruction specifies that in assessing units for closure, the services are to 

consider the quality of officers produced by a unit but it does not clearly define 

characteristics that comprise quality, which has led to the inconsistent application 

of the measure by the services. The services conducted 11 evaluations over the 

past decade to assess performance and identify units for consolidation or 

closure. However, the evaluations have largely occurred on an ad hoc basis 

because the services have not established a systematic process to routinely 

evaluate ROTC program performance. Key attributes of successful performance 

measures include clearly, defined measures. Moreover, results-oriented program 

management practices include routine program evaluations that determine how 

well a program is working. Without clearly defined performance measures and

routinely conducted evaluations, it will be difficult for the services to accurately 

determine if ROTC programs are effectively and efficiently operating. 

The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) conducts some oversight 

functions, such as setting policy for the ROTC program. However, although 

specified in guidance, OSD does not review the services’ methodologies for 

closing ROTC units because OSD officials believe this is a service responsibility.

Further, the services do not consistently communicate with key stakeholders, 

such as members of Congress and schools, about performance of ROTC 

programs, except when closure decisions are being considered. This may have 

contributed to the difficulty the services have experienced in gaining political 

support for such closures. GAO has noted that regular communication with 

stakeholders helps build trusting relationships to gain buy-in. Without clearly 

delineated responsibilities for oversight of ROTC programs and a formal strategy 

to communicate with key stakeholders on ROTC program performance, DOD will 

find it difficult to obtain the support that is needed to improve the efficiency and 

effectiveness of ROTC programs. View GAO-14-93. For more information, 

contact Brenda S. Farrell at (202) 512-3604 or 

farrellb@gao.gov.
Page i GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Letter 1

Background 4

ROTC Programs Met Some, but Not All, Production Goals to 

Achieve Officer End Strength, and Retain Some Units That Do 

Not Meet Minimum Production Requirements 9

DOD Does Not Have Clearly Defined and Comprehensive 

Performance Measures to Evaluate ROTC Programs, and Recent 

Evaluations Have Been Ad Hoc 18

Oversight of ROTC Program and Communication with Key 

Stakeholders Is Limited 24

Conclusions 28

Recommendations for Executive Action 29

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 30

Appendix I Scope and Methodology 33

Appendix II Fiscal Year 2012 Officer Production by ROTC Unit 

and Service 36

Appendix III Enrollment by Year of Study and by Military Service 46

Appendix IV Comments from the Department of Defense 136

Appendix V GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 140

Related GAO Products 141

Tables

Table 1: Number of Officers, Enlisted, and Civilian Personnel 

Assigned to ROTC Units by Service 5

Contents
Page ii GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Table 2: Comparison of Total ROTC Production Goals to Actual 

Production by Military Service, Fiscal Years 2008 through 

2012 10

Table 3: ROTC Production Goals by Military Service, Fiscal Years 

2012 through 2017 12

Table 4: Number and Percentage of the Army’s, the Navy’s, and the 

Air Force’s ROTC Units by Average Annual Production of 

Officers from Fiscal Years 2008 through 2012 16

Table 5: Recent Service Methodologies for Determining Unit 

Closure and Consolidation 22

Table 6: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer Production by ROTC Unit and by 

Service 36

Table 7: Army Enrollment by Year of Study as of November 2012 46

Table 8: Navy Enrollment by Year of Study as of November 2012 95

Table 9: Air Force Enrollment by Year of Study as of December 

2012 103

Figures

Figure 1: Percentage of Newly Commissioned Active Duty Officers 

by the Three Major Commissioning Sources, Fiscal Year 

2012 5

Figure 2: Map of ROTC Units across the United States and its 

Territories 7

Figure 3: Fiscal Year 2012 Average Cost per Officer Produced in 

Fiscal Year 2012 by Average Annual Production of 

Officers from Fiscal Years 2008 through 2012 17
Page iii GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Abbreviations

DOD Department of Defense 

OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense 

ROTC Reserve Officers’ Training Corps

This is a work of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright protection in the 

United States. The published product may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety 

without further permission from GAO. However, because this work may contain 

copyrighted images or other material, permission from the copyright holder may be 

necessary if you wish to reproduce this material separately.
Page 1 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

441 G St. N.W.

Washington, DC 20548

November 13, 2013

Congressional Committees

The Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) is the largest source of 

commissioned officers for the Department of Defense (DOD), and hence

plays a critical role in developing future leaders for and ensuring the 

readiness of the armed forces.1 In fiscal year 2012, the military services’ 

ROTC programs collectively produced over 9,000 newly commissioned 

officers2

—accounting for nearly half of all new active duty officers 

produced by DOD’s three primary sources of commissions that year. In 

addition to its contribution to military readiness, the 479 ROTC units—

which have a presence at nearly 1,800 colleges and universities 

throughout the United States and its territories—help the military to 

maintain a critical link with the civilian population. In particular, ROTC’s 

geographically diverse presence is credited with helping to preserve the 

citizen-soldier tradition of producing officers that reflect the communities 

they serve, and provides the possibility of a military career to students 

who otherwise would not have considered it to be an option. The size and 

significance of ROTC programs make it a complex mission that requires a 

combination of deliberate planning and the strategic employment of 

limited resources, especially in light of the current and long-term fiscal 

pressures facing DOD.

We have published several reports regarding the military services’ ROTC 

programs, each of which identified challenges. Specifically, in 1991, we 

highlighted issues regarding the services’ retention of underproductive 

ROTC units, among other issues. 3

 1

The other two primary sources of officer commissions for the military services include the 

military service academies and Officer Candidate Schools. In addition, a small percentage 

of each service’s officers are obtained through direct commissions of individuals in 

particular occupations such as, physicians, dentists, lawyers, and chaplains, as well as 

Limited Duty Officer and Chief Warrant Officer Programs.

Further, in 1992, we issued a report 

on officer commissioning programs including ROTC, in which we found 

that the services were not systematically assessing these programs or the 

2

Based on our analysis of each military service’s ROTC production data, we identified that 

the services’ ROTC programs collectively produced over 9,000 newly commissioned 

officers in fiscal year 2012. 

3 See GAO, Reserve Officers’ Training Corps: Less Need for Officers Provides 

Opportunity for Significant Savings, NSIAD-91-102, (Washington, D.C.: May 6, 1991). 
Page 2 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

quality of officers they produced and that the lack of coordinated 

management and oversight hampered efforts to make officer production 

cost-effective.4 Most recently, in 2007, we recommended that the Army 

develop and implement a dedicated strategic plan to address current and 

projected officer accession and retention shortfalls.5

Section 554 of The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 

2013 mandated that we assess the productivity, structure, and oversight 

of the military services’ ROTC programs, among other things.

The Office of the 

Secretary of Defense (OSD) and the military services concurred or 

partially concurred with our prior recommendations related to closures of 

underproductive units and the need to develop a comprehensive strategy 

that helps to ensure ROTC resources are used in the most efficient 

manner possible. However, these recommendations have largely not 

been addressed. 

6

To assess the extent to which the military services’ ROTC programs met 

goals and minimum requirements for producing officers over a 5-year 

period, we obtained the programs’ goals for producing commissioned 

officers program-wide for fiscal years 2008 through 2012 for each military 

service, and we compared those goals to data on actual officer production 

during the same period.

To 

respond to this mandate, in this report we examine the extent to which the 

military services’ ROTC programs (1) met goals and minimum annual 

requirements for producing officers over a 5-year period, (2) have 

established performance measures and conducted evaluations to help 

manage ROTC programs, and (3) are subject to oversight and have 

effective processes for communicating with key stakeholders. 

7

 4

GAO, Officer Commissioning Programs: More Oversight and Coordination Needed, 

NSIAD-93-37 (Washington, D.C.: Nov. 6, 1992).

We also compared the average annual 

production of individual units to DOD’s minimum production requirement 

5

GAO, Military Personnel: Strategic Plan Needed to Address Army’s Emerging Officer 

Accession and Retention Challenges, GAO-07-224 (Washington, D.C.: Jan. 19, 2007).

6

Pub. L. No. 112-239, § 554 (2013). 

7

We chose to assess the officer production from each service’s ROTC program for fiscal 

years 2008-2012 because it is the most recently completed 5-year period at the time of 

our review.
Page 3 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

for unit viability during the same time period.8

To assess the extent to which the services have established performance 

measures and conducted evaluations to help manage ROTC programs, 

we obtained and analyzed information from OSD and the services to 

determine the extent to which ROTC program performance measures 

demonstrate attributes of effective performance measures.

We obtained data on 

program and unit level costs and analyzed these data by comparing the 

cost of an ROTC unit to its actual officer production, and comparing the 

general cost of establishing and maintaining different types of ROTC 

units. We assessed the reliability of these data by conducting electronic 

testing of these data and discussing any data limitations with appropriate 

service officials. We determined that these data were sufficiently reliable 

for determining the extent to which services’ ROTC programs are meeting 

production goals and requirements, and the general cost to establish and 

maintain an ROTC unit. 

9

 8

See Department of Defense, Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) Programs, 

Instruction 1215.08 (June 26, 2006). This instruction specifies that a 4-year unit normally 

shall commission a minimum of 15 officers annually to remain viable, and a 2-year unit 

normally shall commission a minimum of 7 officers to remain viable. To accommodate for 

yearly variances, the instruction further notes that viability will be determined by the 

average production of a unit over a minimum of 5 years.

We also 

obtained and analyzed information from the services to identify how 

frequently each service conducted evaluations and how each had used 

existing performance measures to identify units for potential consolidation 

or closure. We also reviewed relevant legislation and OSD and military 

service guidance on ROTC programs to identify guidelines and 

requirements pertaining to the efficient and effective management of 

ROTC programs and we compared it to the administration of ROTC 

programs to determine the extent to which such legislation and guidance 

9

In 1996 we assessed the experiences of leading state, foreign, and federal governments 

and identified common key attributes among the measures each used to successfully 

evaluate program performance. Key attributes identified include, among other things, 

performance measures that are: (1) clearly defined and linked with goals at each level of 

an organization, (2) limited to the vital few, (3) responding to multiple priorities, and (4) 

linked to responsible programs. See GAO, Executive Guide: Effectively Implementing the 

Government Performance and Results Act, GAO/GGD-96-118 (Washington, D.C.: June

1996).
Page 4 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

has been implemented.10

We conducted this performance audit from February 2013 to November

2013 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing 

standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 

obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence to provide a reasonable basis for 

our findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives. We believe 

that the evidence obtained provides a reasonable basis for our findings 

and conclusions based on our audit objectives. A more in depth 

discussion of our scope and methodology appears in appendix I of this 

report.

To assess the extent to which ROTC programs 

are subject to oversight and have effective processes for communicating 

with key stakeholders, we reviewed OSD and military service guidance on 

ROTC programs to identify guidelines and requirements for conducting 

oversight of ROTC programs and communicating with key stakeholders. 

To supplement the analyses, we interviewed knowledgeable officials from 

OSD and the military services on the administration of and responsibility 

for ROTC programs and their approaches to communicating with 

stakeholders about program performance. 

ROTC is the largest of the three major officer commissioning programs 

for DOD. The other two major commissioning officer sources include the 

military service academies and Officer Candidate Schools/Officer Training 

School. As shown in figure 1, in fiscal year 2012, the ROTC program 

produced nearly half of all the newly commissioned active duty officers 

from the three major commissioning sources.

 1010 U.S.C. § §2101-2111b; DOD Instruction 1215.08; Department of the Army, Senior 

Reserve Officers’ Training Program: Organization, Administration, and Training, Army 

Regulation 145-1 (Sept. 6, 2011); Department of the Navy, Naval Service Training 

Command, Regulations for Officer Development (ROD) Programs, NSTC M-1533.2 (Oct. 

26, 2012); Department of the Air Force, Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps 

(AFROTC) Program, Air Force Instruction 36-2011 (Dec. 18, 2006); Department of the Air 

Force, Accession of Air Force Military Personnel, Air Force Policy Directive 36-20 (Feb. 2, 

2012); Air Education and Training Command, Cadet Operations, AFROTC Instruction 36-

2011 (Aug. 24, 2012); Air Education and Training Command , Jeanne M. Holm Center for 

Officer Accession and Citizen Development, AFROTC Enrollment and Relations with 

Host/Non-Host Institutions, Including Crosstown and Consortium Agreements, Holm 

Center Instruction 36-2014 ( Apr. 11, 2013).

Background
Page 5 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Figure 1: Percentage of Newly Commissioned Active Duty Officers by the Three 

Major Commissioning Sources, Fiscal Year 2012

Note: In addition to the three major commissioning programs, a number of officers are obtained 

through direct commissions of individuals in particular occupations, such as physicians, dentists, 

lawyers, and chaplains, as well as Limited Duty Officer and Chief Warrant Officer Programs. 

ROTC programs prepare college and university students to serve as 

officers in the military services. The program was established by the 

National Defense Act of 1916 to supplement the military academies in 

preparing selected students for commissioned military service and to 

provide officers for the reserve forces. The services organize their ROTC 

programs into administrative units and assign a command structure, 

including a commanding officer, to each unit. In addition to a commanding 

officer, each ROTC unit has additional staff assigned to the unit, including 

enlisted and officer personnel, and for Army and Navy, civilian personnel. 

Table 1 below provides specific information about military and civilian 

personnel assigned to ROTC units for each service.

Table 1: Number of Officers, Enlisted, and Civilian Personnel Assigned to ROTC 

Units by Service

Armya Navyb Air Force Total

Officers

O-2 0 0 23 23

O-3 328 249 186 763

O-4 260 36 125 421

O-5 177 60 130 367
Page 6 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Armya Navyb Air 

Force Total

O-6 7 61 30 98

Total Officers 772 406 494 1,672

Enlisted

E-4 0 0 1 1

E-5 0 0 118 118

E-6 0 69 121 190

E-7 296 4 34 334

E-8 280 0 0 280

E-9 6 0 0 6

Total Enlisted 582 73 274 929

Civilian

GS-05 0 30 0 30

GS-06 0 81 0 81

GS-07 679 66 0 745

GS-09 2 0 0 2

Total Civilians 681 177 0 858

Total 2,035 656 768 3,459

Source: GAO analysis of military service data.

a

Army staff numbers are authorized staff and not actual staff assigned. According to Army officials, 

the number of staff assigned can frequently change.

b

The ROTC units are spread across the country, as represented in figure 

2. Most states have a unit from each service located within the state and 

all states have at least one unit located within the state. Each unit may 

support students at more than one school. Typically, in these cases, the 

unit’s command staff is assigned to the school that has been designated 

as the host, and students travel from their affiliate school to the host unit 

for their ROTC activities.

Navy numbers include Marine Corps officers and enlisted staff personnel. 

11

 11The Navy maintains 12 ROTC units in which the command structure and ROTC 

activities are divided between more than one host school. Naval ROTC refers to these as 

consortium units.
Page 7 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Figure 2: Map of ROTC Units across the United States and Its Territories

Notes: The Army has two ROTC units in the following locations: Los Angeles, California; Washington, 

District of Columbia; Tallahassee, Florida; Tampa, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana;

Boston, Massachusetts; Raleigh, North Carolina; Cincinnati, Ohio; Columbus, Ohio; Dayton, Ohio;

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; San Antonio, Texas; Norfolk, Virginia; and Seattle, Washington; and has 

three ROTC units in Baltimore, Maryland. The Air Force has two ROTC units in Charleston, South 

Carolina and has three ROTC units in Los Angeles, California. The Navy has two host schools that 

make up one unit within each of the following locations: Los Angeles, California; San Diego, 

California; Atlanta, Georgia; and Norfolk, Virginia.

The Navy’s ROTC program consists of 61 ROTC units. Of the 61 ROTC units, the Navy maintains 12 

ROTC units in which the command structure and ROTC activities are divided between more than one 

host school. As a result, the 12 units are located at 26 host schools. These 26 host schools are 

shown on the map separately in addition to the 49 Navy units with only one host school.
Page 8 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

As of December 2012, there were about 53,000 students enrolled in the 

ROTC program, and in fiscal year 2012, the ROTC program produced 

over 9,000 active duty, guard, and reserve officers.12

Officer candidates enrolled in ROTC programs must meet all graduation 

requirements of their academic institutions and complete required military 

training to receive commissions as officers. In addition, ROTC 

participants enroll in military, naval, or aerospace education courses and 

attend summer military training. Some ROTC participants receive 

scholarships. Scholarship recipients and participants who have signed a 

contract with the program

Appendix II provides 

information on each service’s total number of officers produced by each 

unit in fiscal year 2012. Information on the number of cadets and 

midshipmen enrolled in each ROTC unit or corresponding affiliate in 2012 

is contained in appendix III. 

13 incur a military service obligation. Army 

ROTC participants who are selected for commissioning may be assigned 

to active duty, the Army Reserve, or the Army National Guard. Naval 

ROTC participants who are selected for commissioning are normally 

provided the option of joining the Navy or the Marine Corps on active

duty. Likewise, Air Force ROTC participants who are selected for 

commissioning are normally assigned to active duty. 14

The Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness is 

responsible for establishing the overall DOD policy and provides 

implementing guidance regarding the conduct, procedures, and 

administration of the ROTC program.15

 12Based on our analysis of each military service’s ROTC enrollment data, we identified 

that the services’ ROTC programs had about 53,000 students enrolled across all years of 

study in 2012. Further, our analysis of the military services’ production data identified that 

the services collectively produced over 9,000 newly commissioned officers in fiscal year 

2012.

The Secretaries of the Army, the 

Navy, and the Air Force are responsible for establishing and operating 

their respective ROTC programs and for establishing service policy 

13This typically happens no later than the junior year, prior to the service’s advanced 

ROTC training. 

14The Navy and Air Force ROTC programs do not normally commission for their services’

Reserves; however, they may assign officers to the Reserves if too many are 

commissioned to support active duty. 

15DOD Instruction 1215.08, paragraph 5.1.1.
Page 9 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

regarding ROTC.16 The services’ headquarters determine the number of 

newly commissioned officers needed annually to support the services’

congressionally mandated end strength requirements for military 

personnel by considering beginning strength, losses, and transfers.17

They also provide guidance on the number of officers expected from each 

officer commissioning program, including ROTC. To meet the 

requirements set by service headquarters, the military services typically 

operate ROTC programs using a 5-year production cycle, beginning the 

year prior to school entry and culminating in the graduation year. ROTC’s 

relevance extends beyond its quantitative production capability. ROTC 

supports the concept of a citizen-soldier and the all-volunteer force with

its potential to provide officers from a variety of backgrounds and 

experiences available within the student population on a college or 

university campus. ROTC also provides a method of military outreach and 

contact with the public. By statute, at least one ROTC unit must be 

established and maintained in each state if certain conditions are met.18

The military services’ ROTC programs each came within a few 

percentage points of meeting or exceeding the annual officer production 

goals that they established to meet their respective authorized end 

strengths. However, each service reported that various factors may affect 

their ability to meet these goals, and that they have faced challenges 

commissioning officers for certain occupational specialties. In addition, 

half of all ROTC units did not produce the minimum average annual 

production of officers over a 5-year period required by DOD to justify 

investment in an ROTC unit.

 16DOD Instruction 1215.08, paragraph 5.2.1.

17Military personnel levels are often expressed in terms of “end strength,” which is the 

maximum number of personnel each of the military services is authorized to have on the 

last day of the fiscal year (September 30).

1810 U.S.C. § 2102. For example, one condition is that the Secretary of the military 

department concerned determines that there will be not less than 40 students enrolled in 

the unit.

ROTC Programs Met 

Some, but Not All,

Production Goals to 

Achieve Officer End 

Strength, and Retain 

Some Units That Do 

Not Meet Minimum 

Production 

Requirements 
Page 10 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

In fiscal years 2008 through 2012, each service came within a few 

percentage points of meeting or exceeding its overall ROTC officer 

production goals for newly commissioned officers.19 The military services 

annually issue guidance that specifies goals for the number and types of 

officers that their respective ROTC programs need to produce to meet 

their current authorized end strength as well as future needs that are 

projected over a 5-year period. For the 5 years we reviewed, fiscal years 

2008 through 2012, the Army’s ROTC program goal for newly 

commissioned officers ranged from 4,500 to 5,350; the Navy’s goal, 

which includes officers for the Marine Corps, ranged from 1,163 to 1,387; 

and the Air Force’s goal ranged from 1,788 to 1,940. The services 

generally met these overall production goals for newly commissioned 

officers. Specifically, as shown in table 2 below, the Army met at least 95 

percent of its goal, the Navy met at least 91 percent of its goal, and the 

Air Force met at least 96 percent of its goal during this period. 

Furthermore, the Army and the Air Force each exceeded their production 

goals for 3 of the 5 years we studied. Table 2 shows the production goal, 

actual production, and the percent of the goal met by each service for 

fiscal years 2008 through 2012.

Table 2: Comparison of Total ROTC Production Goals to Actual Production by 

Military Service, Fiscal Years 2008 through 2012

Production 

goal

Actual 

production

Amount over/under 

production goal

Percent of 

goal met

Army

2008 4,500 4,300 -200 95.6%

2009 4,500 4,592 92 102.0%

2010 5,100 4,994 -106 97.9%

2011 5,350 5,451 101 101.9%

2012 5,350 5,880 530 109.9%

Navya

2008 1,259 1,191 -68 94.6%

2009 1,177 1,157 -20 98.3%

 19The ability of the military services’ ROTC program to meet their goals to produce newly

commissioned officers does not necessarily mean that the military service is not fully 

meeting its total officer end strength requirement. ROTC is one of three primary sources 

for producing newly commissioned officers and is used by the military services to meet 

their total officer end strength requirement.

The Services Met Some,

but Not All, of Their 

Overall ROTC Officer 

Production Goals for 

Newly Commissioned 

Officers
Page 11 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Production 

goal

Actual 

production

Amount over/under 

production goal

Percent of 

goal met

2010 1,163 1,149 -14 98.8%

2011 1,387 1,266 -121 91.3%

2012 1,283 1,247 -36 97.2%

Air Force

2008 1,940 1,860 -80 95.9%

2009 1,855 1,918 63 103.4%

2010 1,880 1,876 -4 99.8%

2011 1,881 1,923 42 102.2%

2012 1,788 1,790 2 100.1%

Source: GAO analysis of military service data.

a The Navy offers an option to its ROTC students to receive a commission in the Marine Corps. Navy 

goal and production analysis includes Marine Corps-option students. In addition, Navy goal and 

production includes production from the Navy’s Seaman to Admiral-21 Program, which is an enlistedto-officer commissioning program. 

Service officials told us that they manage ROTC enrollments, contract 

offers, and scholarship awards to help ensure that they reach but do not 

significantly exceed their officer production goals. In the event that an 

over- or underproduction of officers is anticipated, each service 

correspondingly adjusts the number of people they plan to admit into 

future classes at their respective Officer Candidate School or, in the case 

of the Air Force, Officer Training School.20

According to officials from each of the services, future ROTC officer 

production goals are expected to either decrease in response to the lower 

authorized end strength for officers, or remain the same. Service officials 

also stated that they expect that they will continue to generally meet 

future overall ROTC production goals through the next several years. The 

ROTC production goals for each of the services are based on the 

services’ overall officer accessions and authorized officer end strength. 

Specifically, each service’s headquarters considers congressionally 

mandated officer end strength, projected officer end strength in the Future 

 20Officer Candidate School for the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps and Officer Training

School for the Air Force are officer commissioning programs that are designed to augment 

the services’ other commissioning programs. Because these programs focus only on 

military training, they are short, ranging from 10 weeks (Marine Enlisted Commissioning 

Education Program) to 14 weeks (Army Officer Candidate School). 
Page 12 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Years Defense Program,21 and service-specific personnel needs to 

establish ROTC production goals. Each service stated that its overall 

officer end strength is projected to decrease, and Navy and Air Force 

officials noted that ROTC production goals are also projected to 

decrease. Army officials stated that the Army’s ROTC production goals 

are projected to remain the same through fiscal year 2018 but production 

for its Officer Candidate School is projected to decrease. Using the fiscal 

year 2012 production goals as a comparison, the Naval ROTC production 

goal is projected to decrease by 18 percent, and the Air Force ROTC 

production goal is projected to decrease by 13 percent by fiscal year 

2017. Table 3 shows the ROTC production goals for fiscal years 2012 

through 2017.

Table 3: ROTC Production Goals by Military Service, Fiscal Years 2012 through 

2017 

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Army 5,350 5,350 5,350 5,350 5,350 5,350

Navy 1,283 a 1,372 1,108 1,061 1,058 1,058

Air Force 1,788 1,852 1,657 1,700 1,600 1,550

Total 8,421 8,574 8,115 8,111 8,008 7,958

Source: GAO analysis of military service data.

Notes: The ROTC production goals in the table above include the latest finalized ROTC production 

goals. Army goals are as of February 2013. Navy goals are as of November 2011, and Marine Corps 

goals, which are included in the Navy goals, are as of April 2012. Air Force goals are as of August 

2013. In preparing their annual budget, each service reviews, and may subsequently revise, projected 

production goals. For example, the Navy drafted revised production goals for fiscal years 2014 

through 2017 and expects to decrease the production goals shown in the table above for each of 

these years by 1 to 4 percent. The Army also drafted revised production goals for fiscal years 2014 

through 2017 and expects to decrease the production goals shown in the table above by 10 percent 

in fiscal year 2016 and by 9 percent in fiscal year 2017.

a

The Navy offers an option to its ROTC students to receive a commission in the Marine Corps. Navy 

production analysis includes Marine Corps-option students. In addition, Navy production goals include 

the Navy’s Seaman to Admiral-21 Program production goals, which is an enlisted-to-officer 

commissioning program.

 21DOD generally issues its Future Years Defense Program in conjunction with its annual 

budget request. The Future Years Defense Program is a detailed description of DOD’s 

plans for national defense and their associated costs over the next 5 years.
Page 13 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Officials with each of the military service’s ROTC programs told us that 

various factors affect their ability to meet overall officer production goals 

and they have faced challenges meeting goals for officers with certain 

occupational specialties. For example, according to service officials, the 

long lead times associated with ROTC production, due to the 4-5 year 

duration of most students’ college enrollment, and the uncertainty 

surrounding production and budget projections are factors that may affect 

meeting overall officer production goals. Specifically, Army officials 

analyzed ROTC officer production data for each year over a 15-year 

period and concluded that the more students in ROTC who are on 

scholarship, the greater the likelihood that the Army’s ROTC program will 

meet or exceed its annual total production goal for officers. However, the 

uncertainty of the current budget environment limits the number of 

scholarships that the Army can offer each year. Navy officials stated that 

three main factors affect the Naval ROTC’s ability to meet production 

requirements for newly commissioned officers—student attrition, difficulty 

of student academic majors, and changes to its production goals after a 

Naval ROTC year group has already been enrolled and provided 

scholarships. Air Force officials similarly stated that production goal 

changes can have an effect on their ability to meet production goals. 

Furthermore, according to officials from each of the services, the services’ 

ROTC programs have faced some challenges meeting goals for certain 

occupational specialties during the 5-year period we reviewed for this 

report. In addition to overall ROTC production goals, service guidance 

identifies the number of officers that are needed for certain occupational 

specialties, such as engineers and nurses.22

 22Department of the Army, Fiscal Year 2014 (FY14) Army Accession Missions,

Memorandum (Feb. 7, 2013); Department of the Navy, FY2012 Active Duty Officer 

Accession Plan, (Jan. 30, 2012); and Department of the Air Force, FY2013-2017 Enlisted 

and Officer Accession Program Guidance Letter-Adjustment 2, Memorandum (Aug. 22, 

2013).

For example, the Navy 

established a goal for its ROTC program to produce a specific number of 

nuclear submarine officers in each year from fiscal years 2008 through 

2012. The Navy met or exceeded its nuclear submarine officer production 

goal in each of these years except for fiscal year 2008 when it missed its 

goal of 110 by 15 officers (approximately 14 percent). In several of the 

years included in our review, the Air Force’s ROTC program missed its 

goal for producing officers in certain technical specialties, such as 

computer engineers, electrical engineers, and meteorologists. 

Specifically, the Air Force met or exceeded its production goal for 

The Services Report 

Challenges in Meeting 

Overall ROTC Officer 

Production Requirements, 

Especially for Certain 

Specialties
Page 14 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

computer engineers in every year but fiscal year 2008 when it missed its 

goal of 26 by 8 officers (approximately 31 percent). The Air Force also 

met or exceeded its production goal for electrical engineers in every year 

except fiscal year 2012 when it missed its goal of 68 by 8 officers 

(approximately 12 percent). The Air Force experienced a greater number 

of production challenges with meteorologists and missed its goal in 3 of 

the 5 years included in our review—the largest gap occurring when it 

missed its goal in 2008 by approximately 33 percent, and the smallest in 

fiscal year 2011 when it missed its goal by approximately 12 percent. 

Unlike the other two services, the Army mostly looks for officers to be 

placed in more general occupations, rather than in particular specialties.

However, Army officials told us that they do track the number of nurses 

produced annually because of the challenges that they have experienced 

in recruiting for that particular occupation. Specifically, the Army missed 

its fiscal year 2008 goal of 225 nurses by 52 officers (approximately 23 

percent), and it missed its fiscal year 2009 goal of 225 nurses by 15 

officers (approximately 7 percent). However, the Army exceeded its goal 

for nurses in fiscal years 2010 through 2012, which Army officials attribute 

to financial incentives such as bonuses that were offered during that

period to increase interest in the field of nursing. Army officials also told 

us that it is interested in attracting more students who are pursuing 

science, technology, engineering, or mathematics degrees, and in fiscal 

year 2013 began targeting scholarships for students in these areas.

Navy officials stated that the primary reasons for not meeting the Navy’s

fiscal year 2008 production goal for nuclear submarine officers within the 

Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program were (1) an unexpected increase in 

the production goal from 88 to 110 in 2006; (2) a decrease in the number 

of individuals pursuing technical academic majors available to be put into 

the program; (3) fewer scholarships resourced for the program than was 

decided in 2004; and (4) fewer participants available in its other officer 

production programs to be able to meet the shortfall. Moreover, officials 

told us that the longer minimum service requirements typically associated 

with the longer and more technically difficult courses of study impeded 

their ability to commission officers for critical occupational specialties 

such as nuclear submarine officers. As a result, the Naval Service 

Training Command took several actions to better position Naval ROTC to 

meet its production goal for nuclear submarine officers. Specifically, 

Naval ROTC instituted earlier screenings of students for the Naval 

Nuclear Propulsion Program to identify qualified candidates in a timely 

manner, increased the percentage of ROTC students taking technical 

academic majors to have more candidates qualified for the program, 

increased the number of 4-year scholarships to provide additional 

students an incentive to serve in this specialty, and made the minimum 
Page 15 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

service requirement the same for all Navy option ROTC students to 

reduce the disincentives associated with choosing particular occupational 

specialties. According to Naval ROTC officials, since 2009, Naval ROTC 

met or exceeded its Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program goals. 

Air Force ROTC officials stated that it missed its goals for computer 

engineers, electrical engineers, and meteorologists, in part because of 

competition for those majors with the private sector as well as the 

academic rigor of those programs. To mitigate production challenges, the 

Air Force had to rely more heavily on commissions from its officer training 

school, and has expanded its scholarship program to cover a 5-year 

course of study, since many highly technical specialties take longer to 

produce graduates. Army ROTC officials told us that resources are a 

challenge for increasing the number of nurses, engineers, and other 

specialty officer types, in part because these majors are typically more 

expensive and take longer to graduate.

Our analysis of unit production data for fiscal years 2008 through 2012 

shows that half of all ROTC units did not meet the minimum average 

annual production of officers over a 5-year period required by DOD. DOD 

Instruction 1215.08 provides that officer production from each ROTC unit 

shall be adequate to justify investment. The instruction generally requires 

individual 4-year ROTC units to produce an average of 15 officers, and 

individual 2-year ROTC units to produce an average of 7 officers per year 

over a 5-year period to remain viable.23 However, half of all ROTC units 

did not meet the DOD minimum officer production requirement to varying 

degrees. Specifically, of the 237 units that did not meet the minimum 5-

year average production requirement, 7 produced an average of fewer

than 5 officers annually, 94 produced an average of 5 to fewer than 10 

officers annually, and 136 produced an average of 10 to fewer than 15 

officers annually.24

 23DOD Instruction 1215.08, paragraph 6.2.1.4.

Table 4 shows the number and percentage of units by 

the average annual production of officers from fiscal years 2008 through 

2012.

24All but two of the ROTC units that did not meet DOD’s minimum production requirement 

were 4-year ROTC units. The two 2-year ROTC units that did not meet DOD’s minimum 

production requirement produced an average annual production of 5 to fewer than 7 

officers from fiscal year 2008 to fiscal year 2012.

Half of All ROTC Units Did 

Not Meet DOD’s Minimum 

5-Year Average Production 

Requirement
Page 16 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Table 4: Number and Percentage of the Army’s, the Navy’s, and the Air Force’s ROTC Units by Average Annual Production of 

Officers from Fiscal Years 2008 through 2012

Army Navya Air Forceb Total

Average annual production of officers over 

5 years (Fiscal years 2008 through 2012)

Number 

of units

Percent 

of units

Number 

of units

Percent 

of units

Number 

of units

Percent 

of units

Number 

of units

Percent 

of units

fewer than 5 3 1% 0 0% 4 3% 7 1%

5 to fewer than 10 36 13% 4 7% 54 38% 94 20%

10 to fewer than 15 78 29% 14 24% 44 31% 136 29%

Total that did not meet DOD’s minimum 

requirement 117 c 43% 18 31% 102 71% 237 50%

15 to fewer than 20 65 24% 11 19% 23 16% 99 21%

20 to fewer than 30 71 26% 14 24% 14 10% 99 21%

30 to fewer than 40 10 4% 12 20% 4 3% 26 5%

40 to fewer than 50 4 1% 1 2% 1 1% 6 1%

50 or more 6 2% 3 5% 0 0% 9 2%

Total that met DOD’s minimum requirement 156 57% 41 69% 42 29% 239 50%

Total 273 59 144 476

Source: GAO analysis of military service data.

a

There are currently 61 units in the Naval ROTC program. However, one unit established in 2010 and 

another unit established in 2012 were not included in our analysis because they were not established 

in time to produce officers for all of the years included in our review. Further, we included all 

consortium units since at least one of the host schools in each consortium unit was able to produce 

officers for all the years included in our review. Further, the Navy offers an option to its ROTC 

students to receive a commission in the Marine Corps. In addition, Navy production includes 

production from the Navy’s Seaman to Admiral-21 Program and Marine Enlisted Commissioning 

Education Program, which are two enlisted-to-officer commissioning programs at Naval ROTCaffiliated institutions and are managed by Naval ROTC staff.

b

There are currently 145 units in the Air Force ROTC program. However, one unit was established in 

2012 and is not included in our analysis.

c

DOD Instruction 1215.08 generally requires individual 4-year ROTC units to produce an average of 

15 officers and individual 2-year ROTC units to produce an average of 7 officers, per year over a 5-

year period. All Army 2-year ROTC units met DOD’s minimum requirement and produced over 15 

officers on average annually. The Air Force has two 2-year ROTC units and both did not meet DOD’s 

minimum production requirement, producing an average of 5 to fewer than 7 officers on average 

annually from fiscal year 2008 through 2012. The Navy does not have any 2-year ROTC units.

Moreover, while the average cost per officer produced in fiscal year 2012 

was about $68,000, our analysis of the services’ unit fixed cost data 

shows that the cost per commissioned officer varies greatly between low-
Page 17 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

and high-producing units.25 For example, in fiscal year 2012, the average 

cost per officer produced for units that produced fewer than 15 officers on 

average annually from fiscal years 2008 through 2012 was about 

$95,000, and the average cost per officer produced for units that 

produced 30 or more officers on average annually from fiscal years 2008 

through 2012 was about $42,000. Figure 3 shows the average cost per 

officer produced for units that produced fewer than 15, 15 to fewer than 

30, and 30 or more officers on average annually from fiscal years 2008 

through 2012.

Figure 3: Fiscal Year 2012 Average Cost per Officer Produced in Fiscal Year 2012 by 

Average Annual Production of Officers from Fiscal Years 2008 through 2012

Note: We note that average cost per officer should not be considered in isolation when making unit 

closure decisions.

 25Fixed costs are incurred by each unit, regardless of the number of officers produced by 

the unit. Our analysis of fixed cost to a unit consists of pay to military personnel, civilians, 

and contractors assigned to the unit, travel, supplies and materials, equipment purchases, 

and other operation and maintenance costs. Costs not included are scholarships and 

stipends paid to the cadets and midshipmen.
Page 18 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Officials from each of the services acknowledged that a number of their 

ROTC units did not meet DOD’s minimum numerical production 

requirement, but added that other factors are considered. As discussed 

later in this report, DOD’s instruction identifies the quantity of officers 

commissioned and costs as two of the five key factors to consider when 

evaluating the viability of a unit. Further, the military services are 

permitted to grant exceptions to the minimum officer production 

requirement for units that commission officers with skills that are 

considered to be of strategic value to the department—provided that the 

exceptions are equitably applied to all units of that service.26

Neither OSD nor the services have established performance measures 

that provide a comprehensive understanding of the overall effectiveness 

and efficiency of ROTC programs. Specifically, current measures do not 

take into account a service’s investment in a particular ROTC unit, and 

are not clearly defined to help ensure that they are objectively applied. In 

addition, over the past decade, the services have conducted a total of 11 

evaluations to identify units for consolidation or closure. However, the 

evaluations have largely occurred on an ad hoc basis and are narrowly 

focused on assessing the productivity of individual ROTC units, rather 

than the overall performance of the program. Furthermore, although the 

services’ evaluations of ROTC units yielded recommendations for 

consolidation or closures, no closures have occurred as a result.

DOD’s management of ROTC programs is hampered by not having 

performance measures that provide a comprehensive understanding of 

the overall cost-effectiveness and efficiency of ROTC programs. Key 

attributes of successful performance measures include clearly defined, 

comprehensive measures that enable an organization to evaluate 

accomplishments, make decisions, and balance competing priorities.27

 26DOD Instruction 1215.08, paragraph 6.2.1.4. According to service officials, the 

production of officers with skills that are of strategic value to DOD is a consideration when 

evaluating the viability of individual units. 

27We have previously assessed the experiences of leading state, foreign, and federal 

governments and identified common key attributes among the measures each used to 

successfully evaluate program performance. Key attributes identified include, among other 

things, performance measures that are: (1) clearly defined and linked with goals at each 

level of an organization, (2) limited to the vital few, (3) responding to multiple priorities, 

and (4) linked to responsible programs. See GAO/GGD-96-118. 

DOD Does Not Have 

Clearly Defined and 

Comprehensive 

Performance 

Measures to Evaluate 

ROTC Programs, and 

Recent Evaluations 

Have Been Ad Hoc

DOD Has Not Established 

Clearly Defined, 

Comprehensive 

Performance Measures
Page 19 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

DOD’s instruction specifies five factors for the military services to 

consider before closing a unit, including, the (1) quality of the officers 

produced by the unit, (2) operations and maintenance cost of maintaining 

the unit, (3) numbers of officers produced to meet service commissioning 

goals from categories that are difficult to achieve, (4) number of officers 

produced by the unit, and (5) number and location of units in an area or 

state where the unit being considered for closure resides.28

Furthermore, DOD’s instruction requires officer production from each unit 

to be adequate to justify DOD investment and generally requires ROTC 

units to produce a 5-year average of 15 officers annually to remain 

viable.

However, 

several of these factors, which officials told us are the measures they 

currently use to assess the programs, are not clearly defined. Specifically, 

DOD’s instruction directs the services to consider the quality of officers 

produced by a unit that is being evaluated for closure. However, the 

instruction does not include guidance on how the services should define 

and assess quality, which could lead to the inconsistent application of the 

measure by the services. Another example is that DOD’s instruction 

directs the services to consider the geographic representation of ROTC 

units. However, the instruction does not describe how concentrated the 

ROTC presence in an area or state should be, which could lead the 

services to under- or over-emphasize the relative importance of an ROTC 

unit to a particular area. 

29 However, DOD’s production requirement does not take into 

account a service’s investment in a particular ROTC unit because it does 

not account for cost-related factors, such as the differences in the cost of 

tuition for public and private colleges or for in-state and out-of-state 

students. Moreover, the tuition cost difference is not insignificant, with 

college tuition for some schools costing six times more than the annual 

average in-state tuition of about $7,100 for a 4-year college or 

university.30

 28DOD Instruction 1215.08, paragraph 6.2.1.

Despite the significant variance in tuition, all ROTC units are 

subject to the same numerical production requirement regardless of the 

actual cost each service incurs at a particular college or university. 

Because such cost data are not consistently accounted for, it is not clear 

how the production requirement can be used to justify DOD’s investment.

29 DOD Instruction 1215.08, paragraph 6.2.1.4.

30U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated 

Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2011, Institutional Characteristics 

Component and Spring 2012, Student Financial Aid Component. 
Page 20 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

The absence of clearly defined measures also affects the objectivity of 

DOD’s unit closure consideration factors because it requires the services 

to subjectively determine how each factor should be defined and applied. 

Further, these determinations can change over time without explanation. 

For example, we reviewed the methodologies used by each service to 

identify units for potential closure and found that, in addition to the five 

factors to consider before closing a unit, two of the services incorporated 

additional factors into the closure consideration process. For example, in 

fiscal year 2012, the Navy included the U.S. News and World Report 

ranking of the schools associated with the units as 1 of 12 factors in its 

closure considerations, and the Air Force included “strategic partnerships” 

as an important consideration. However, neither service identified 

specifically how these factors correlate to the factors in DOD’s instruction, 

defined how these factors contribute to a service-specific need, or 

explained why these factors were added to the 2012 analysis. In 

comments on a draft of this report, Navy officials pointed out that the U.S. 

News and World report ranking correlates to the quality of applicants to 

the Navy Nuclear Propulsion Program, a specific Navy officer accession 

requirement. However it is not clear specifically how the Navy made that 

correlation, nor why the Navy added this ranking for its 2012 review. We 

recognize that the services need some flexibility to prioritize factors on the 

basis of their individual needs for newly commissioned officers, but 

inconsistent measurements limit the services’ ability to compare program 

progress, results, and efficiency over time.

We reviewed service policies for ROTC programs and likewise found no 

additional guidance on how to define or apply the closure consideration 

factors in DOD’s instruction. Although the Army regulation specifies a 

process for categorizing potential closures, Army officials told us that the 

disestablishment categories specified in the regulation have not been 

used for years because, according to officials, the process was too time 

consuming.31 The variability of the factors used in considering ROTC 

units for closure hinders the services’ efforts to compare evaluation 

results over time, even within a single service. Until clearly defined and 

comprehensive performance measures are established to evaluate 

overall program performance, the services will have limited information 

available about their ROTC programs’ overall progress toward their goals.

 31Department of the Army, Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Program: Organization, 

Administration, and Training, Regulation 145-1 (Sept. 6, 2011).
Page 21 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

In the absence of fully developed performance measures, the military 

services have evaluated aspects of their respective ROTC programs. 

However, the evaluations are not routine and systematic and have not 

yielded closures that service officials believe are needed. Our prior work 

has shown that results-oriented program management practices include 

routine program evaluations, which are a key source of information about 

how well a program is working and whether it is achieving its intended 

results.32 Further, these practices indicate that a body of evidence is more 

valuable to decision makers than a single study; multiple studies with 

similar results strengthen confidence in their conclusions.33

The military services’ ROTC programs have, over the past decade, 

conducted a total of 11 evaluations—largely driven by the need to 

produce cost-savings to help offset DOD’s near-term budget shortfalls—

to identify ROTC units that could potentially be consolidated or closed. 

These evaluations have provided the services with some useful 

information on the performance of ROTC programs, but they have largely 

occurred on an ad hoc basis because the services have not established a 

systematic process to routinely evaluate ROTC program performance 

using comprehensive performance measures. For example, service 

officials told us that the Army conducted 3 evaluations over 6 years; the 

Navy conducted 4 evaluations over 3 years; and the Air Force conducted 

4 evaluations over 8 years on production of officers by individual ROTC 

units. These evaluations provided information about individual ROTC unit 

performance, with a focus on officer production. However, the evaluations 

did not assess the overall ROTC program against strategic goals and 

objectives. Our prior work has shown that leading organizations that have 

progressed toward results-oriented management use performance 

information to identify gaps in performance, to improve organizational 

processes, and to improve their performance by aligning measures with 

the goals and objectives at each level of the organization.34

 32GAO, Program Evaluation: Strategies to Facilitate Agencies’ Use of Evaluation in 

Program Management and Policy Making, 

 Further, the 

commitment of managers to results-oriented management is critical to the 

increased use of performance information that could be measured against 

ROTC program goals and objectives to influence policy and program 

GAO-13-570 (Washington, D.C.: June 26, 

2013).

33GAO-13-570.

34GAO, Managing for Results: Enhancing Agency Use of Performance Information for 

Management Decision Making, GAO-05-927 (Washington, D.C.: Sept. 9, 2005).

Ad Hoc Evaluations to 

Determine Potential Unit 

Closures Do Not Provide 

Needed Performance 

Information 
Page 22 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

decisions. In addition, this commitment could be demonstrated by their 

willingness and ability to make decisions and manage programs on the 

basis of results, and to inspire others to embrace such a model. Without 

routine evaluations that measure progress toward strategic goals and 

objectives, decision makers cannot determine the cost-effectiveness or 

efficiency of ROTC programs over time and cannot reliably identify trends 

in program performance.

Furthermore, without DOD guidance for comprehensive evaluations of 

ROTC programs, each service’s program managers developed a 

service’s own methodology to evaluate the productivity of ROTC units. 

Each service’s methodology varies based on their chosen combination of 

factors from DOD’s instruction, and how they are prioritized. As we 

previously noted, DOD Instruction 1215.08 requires the military services 

to consider the operation and maintenance cost of maintaining ROTC 

units that are being evaluated for productivity and possibly considered for 

closure. However, we reviewed the methodologies used by each service 

to evaluate unit productivity and found that the operations and 

maintenance costs of ROTC units were not routinely considered in their 

evaluations. Specifically, in recent evaluations of unit productivity, the 

Army and the Air Force did not consider any ROTC costs, and the Navy 

considered only the cost of tuition. As a result, the services may be using 

results of incomplete evaluations to draw conclusions about unit 

performance. Table 5 further details the methodologies used by each 

service in recent assessments of unit productivity.

Table 5: Recent Service Methodologies for Determining Unit Closure and 

Consolidation 

Army (Fiscal Year 2006)

Conduct quantitative, multivariable performance analysis on the following factors:

• Performance: production, percentage of mission, average cadet merit score, 

return on investment

• Potential: market size, market competition, academic quality, academic 

disciplines, diversity

• Support: region commanders,

35

Solicit commanders’ qualitative input on results from quantitative analysis, then:

institution

• Revise results based on commander input

 35The Army no longer uses “region commanders but instead uses “brigade” commanders.
Page 23 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

• Determine recommendations for closure or consolidation

Navy (Fiscal Year 2012)

Assign a unit points based on the following factors, then propose closure based on the 

units with low scores as well as both a high projected unit cost savings and a low 5-year 

average production for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program:

• Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program officer production (2 to 6 points)

• Percentage of officers produced with science, technology, engineering, and 

mathematics majors (2 to 6 points)

• College/university’s percentage of diversity (2 to 6 points)

• Average number of students enrolled in ROTC (1 to 3 points)

• Total officer production (1 to 3 points)

• Tuition costs (1 to 3 points)

• U.S. News & World Report Ranking (1 to 3 points)

• Minority-serving institutions (0 or 2 points)

• US Marine Corps officer production (.5 to 1.5 points)

• Nurse production (0 to 1 points)

• State school (0 or 1 points)

• Tuition or other discounts (0 or 1 points)

Air Force (Fiscal Year 2012)

Assign a unit viability grade based on the following factors and propose closure for units 

with the lowest grades:

• Overall production—50 percent

• Quality of officers produced—20 percent

• Technical degree production—15 percent

• Language/area studies—5 percent

• Historical/heritage ROTC unit—5 percent

• Strategic partnerships—5 percent

Source: GAO analysis of service methodologies.

Moreover, although the services’ evaluations of ROTC units yielded 

recommendations for consolidation or closures, no closures have 

occurred as a result. DOD Instruction 1215.08 specifies that the 

Secretaries of the military departments shall, among other things, 

establish, operate, and disestablish ROTC units, and that the decision to 
Page 24 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

disestablish a ROTC unit is the prerogative of the Secretary of the military 

department concerned. Although DOD guidance specifies service 

Secretary responsibilities for and the authority to close ROTC units, 

service officials told us that recommended closures and consolidations 

have not been acted on because some senior service officials have 

concluded that it is easier to maintain underproductive ROTC units than 

attempt to secure the congressional support needed for their closure. 

Importantly, DOD’s instruction gives service Secretaries discretion on 

which units to close. However, until the services conduct routine 

evaluations of ROTC programs that are based on a comprehensive set of 

performance measures, the programs risk having more units than needed 

or units that are not most effectively located to meet service goals for their 

officers. 

OSD and the military services are generally assigned responsibility for 

conducting oversight of ROTC programs. Although the Under Secretary 

of Defense for Personnel and Readiness conducts some oversight 

functions such as setting policy, DOD’s Instruction 1215.08 does not 

specify department-level review of performance measures. Further, 

services do not consistently communicate with key stakeholders, such as 

members of Congress and schools, about performance of ROTC 

programs, except when closure decisions are being considered. This has 

contributed to difficulty gaining political support for such closures.

ROTC programs are governed by both DOD and service-level guidance. 

Key attributes of results-oriented program management include the 

cascading of goals and objectives throughout an organization and

aligning performance measures with the objectives from the executive

level down to the operational level.

36 In addition, internal control 

standards require that management sets and monitors these objectives 

and that these responsibilities should be appropriately documented.

37

 36GAO-05-927.

37GAO, Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government, GAO/AIMD-00-21.3.1, 

(Washington, D.C.: Nov. 1999).

Oversight of ROTC 

Program and 

Communication with 

Key Stakeholders Is 

Limited 

DOD and Service Guidance 

Provides Limited 

Information on Oversight 

Responsibilities
Page 25 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

At the department level, the purpose of DOD Instruction 1215.08 is to 

establish policy, assign responsibilities, and prescribe procedures for 

DOD oversight of ROTC.38 The instruction assigns responsibility for these 

actions to the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness 

and the Secretaries of the military services. Specifically, DOD Instruction 

1215.08 tasks the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and 

Readiness with establishing policy and providing implementing guidance, 

resolving matters of conflict among the services that are operating ROTC 

units, approving methodologies for closure in coordination with the Under 

Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), and receiving annual reports on costs 

and budget for service ROTC programs.39

Further, we found that the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and 

Readiness is not fully implementing oversight responsibilities that exist in 

guidance. While the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and 

Readiness has established DOD’s policy related to ROTC in DOD 

Instruction 1215.08, and officials from that office told us that they resolve 

conflicts among the services related to ROTC, the officials acknowledged 

that they do not conduct the other oversight activities specified in 

guidance. First, OSD officials told us that they do not review and approve 

the services’ methodologies for proposed unit closures because they see 

it as encroaching on the services’ authority to man, train, and equip their 

respective forces. Given that DOD Instruction 1215.08 requires this 

approval, which is to occur when a military department proposes closure 

of a particular unit it is difficult to understand how this methodology 

approval function, in connection with a proposed decision of a military 

service, could be viewed as an encroachment. Moreover, DOD officials 

did not further elaborate on or provide additional support for their position 

that approving a methodology, as set forth in the DOD instruction, is not 

an appropriate oversight function to be performed at the department level. 

In light of the ad hoc reviews by the services noted earlier in this report, 

However, DOD’s instruction 

does not specify responsibilities for the Under Secretary to conduct 

oversight related to monitoring performance of ROTC programs against 

goals and objectives using performance measures. 

 38See DOD Instruction 1215.08. The purpose statement of this instruction erroneously 

notes that it establishes policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures for 

DOD oversight of the “service academies.” According to OSD officials, the purpose 

statement should refer to “ROTC” not the “service academies.” We note that the title of 

the instruction and numerous other provisions indicate that the instruction addresses the 

ROTC program.

39DOD Instruction 1215.08, paragraphs 5.1.1- 5.1.3; 6.12.
Page 26 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

such oversight by the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and 

Readiness that is clearly delineated in guidance could support efforts to 

improve the consistency of the services’ application of performance 

measures and evaluations.

Second, OSD officials told us that they stopped enforcing a requirement 

for annual reports from the services identifying the cost and budget for 

their respective ROTC programs—even though the officials viewed those 

reports as useful in facilitating oversight—in response to the department’s 

efficiency initiatives, which removed reporting requirements related to 

internally generated oversight reports. To regain some of the information 

on program visibility that it no longer obtains through the reports, OSD 

officials told us that they instead use data from service budget 

submissions to estimate ROTC program cost data that is less specific 

than the data that were previously obtained through the services’ 

automatic submission of these reports. Moreover, because they receive 

the data after it is submitted for the budget, there is little opportunity for 

the office to make changes or affect future management decisions. In 

addition, as noted previously, the DOD and service-level guidance 

provide performance measures that do not provide a comprehensive 

understanding of the overall cost-effectiveness and efficiency of ROTC 

programs. With (1) the absence of OSD following some requirements in 

existing guidance, and (2) weaknesses we identified in performance 

measures in both OSD and service guidance, it is unclear how OSD and 

the services will each conduct effective oversight of ROTC programs. 

The military services have had difficulty gaining buy-in for 

recommendations to close dozens of underproductive ROTC units 

collectively across the services, in part because they do not have an 

effective strategy for communicating with stakeholders such as Congress 

or school administrators about ROTC program performance. Stakeholder 

involvement is an important strategy that we have identified in our past 

work to facilitate agencies’ use of evaluations in program management 

and policy making. Stakeholder involvement is best facilitated when 

organizations reach out early to gain buy-in, engage in regular 

communication, and build trusting relationships—even when faced with 

the possibility that political or ideological concerns may override 

evaluation findings in decision making.40

 40

In addition, our past work has 

GAO/GGD-96-118 and GAO-13-570. 

OSD and the Military 

Services Do Not Regularly 

Communicate with Key 

Stakeholders on ROTC 

Program Performance
Page 27 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

shown that key elements of a results-oriented oversight framework 

include communicating results and using performance information to 

make decisions for improvement.41

As previously noted, the military services collectively have conducted 11 

assessments of unit productivity in the past 10 years—all of which have 

produced proposals recommending selected ROTC units for 

consolidation or closure. However, no closures have occurred as a result. 

The military services have been unsuccessful in completing any of these 

and prior42

Another set of key stakeholders are the colleges and universities that 

offer ROTC that require regular communication from the services about 

the ROTC unit’s performance. Specifically, the willingness of school 

administrators to agree to certain conditions largely determines whether 

ROTC will be offered at a particular college or university. For example, 

DOD Instruction 1215.08 specifies that before an ROTC unit can be 

politically sensitive consolidations or closures in part because 

the services do not proactively and periodically engage congressional 

stakeholders on ROTC program performance. Specifically, service 

officials told us that DOD Instruction 1215.08 does not require 

congressional notification about ROTC program performance and that the 

decision to close units is the prerogative of the Secretary of the military 

department concerned. Nonetheless, as a courtesy, the services have, in 

the past, provided Congress with a list of units that are being 

recommended for consolidation or closure. Furthermore, OSD officials 

stated that the lack of closures in successive rounds of assessments of 

unit viability is producing a growing backlog of underproductive units. As a 

result, service officials acknowledged that this increasing number of 

underproductive ROTC units may make congressional acceptance of all 

the closures at one time difficult to achieve. 

 41GAO-11-809. See also GAO, Military Personnel: DOD Needs an Oversight Framework 

and Standards to Improve Management of Its Casualty Assistance Programs

GAO-06-1010 (Washington, D.C.: Sept. 22, 2006); and Results-Oriented Government: 

GPRA Has Established a Solid Foundation for Achieving Greater Results, GAO-04-38

(Washington, D.C.: Mar.10, 2004).

42We have previously reported on the department’s lack of reporting and communication 

of ROTC program performance. For example, in our 1973 and 1977 reports we found that 

the services’ reporting to DOD and Congress were inadequate to make necessary 

judgments on ROTC program effectiveness. Additionally, in follow-on reports on ROTC 

and officer commissioning programs in 1991 and 1993, we found that DOD and the 

services had not made any significant progress in improving their ability to report ROTC 

program performance.
Page 28 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

established at a college or university, school administrators have to agree

to various requirements, to include granting the academic rank of 

professor to the senior commissioned officer assigned to the program at 

that institution and adopting the military coursework for ROTC into its 

curriculum.43 Further, DOD Instruction 1215.08 requires the military 

services—prior to recommending a unit for consolidation or closure—to 

advise schools whose ROTC units are not producing enough officers to 

justify investment, and to work closely with those schools to restore officer 

production to acceptable levels.44 However, the military services do not 

consistently adhere to this requirement, and thus may be missing 

important opportunities to build awareness about the ROTC program and 

to leverage the support of schools in meeting annual production goals. 

For example, Army and Navy officials told us that they currently do not 

regularly communicate with school administrators about the level of 

officer production at their respective college or university. In contrast, Air 

Force officials told us that they provide written notification annually to 

participating colleges and universities on their level of officer production. 

Until the military services establish a formal strategy to communicate with 

key stakeholders on ROTC program performance, the military services 

will find it difficult to obtain the support that is needed to make the 

necessary changes to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of ROTC 

programs.

While ROTC programs continue to be the largest and most important 

source of newly commissioned officers for DOD, they do so with a 

structure where half of the units do not meet DOD’s production 

requirements. Further, service efforts to revise this inefficient structure are 

hampered by performance measures that are not clearly defined, allow 

for inconsistent application of factors for closure, and do not provide a 

comprehensive understanding of programs’ efficiency or costeffectiveness. Moreover, the department’s management approach has 

not required routine program evaluations and this has led to ad hoc 

analyses that present challenges in supporting unit closure 

recommendations. Clearly defined and comprehensive performance 

measures and routine evaluations using these measures against strategic 

goals and objectives would give OSD and the services tools to identify, 

collect, and evaluate a range of relevant performance information for their 

 43 DOD Instruction 1215.08, paragraph 6.1.2.1.

44 DOD Instruction 1215.08, paragraph 6.2.2. 

Conclusions
Page 29 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

ROTC programs. This information, particularly when available over a 

period of time, would allow OSD and the services to recognize the 

programs’ accomplishments, balance competing priorities, and address 

the retention or disestablishment of underproductive units. 

Effective oversight and regular communication with stakeholders are 

critical to the program’s effectiveness and continued success. Clear lines 

of responsibility when combined with performance measures provide 

leadership and decision makers with the transparency and authority 

required to make difficult decisions about the program. In addition, 

communication with key stakeholders, such as Congress and school 

administrators, about ROTC performance is important to raising 

awareness about the program and ensuring that program-related 

decisions can be implemented effectively.

To help ensure that OSD, the military services, and congressional 

decision makers have a comprehensive understanding of whether ROTC 

programs are achieving desired results in a cost-effective and efficient 

manner, we recommend that the Secretary of Defense direct the Under 

Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, in conjunction with 

the Secretaries of the military services, to establish a systematic process 

to routinely evaluate ROTC program performance that includes taking the 

following three actions:

• establish performance measures that are clearly defined and 

include cost components; 

• require routine evaluations of ROTC programs that measure 

progress against the strategic goals and objectives of ROTC 

programs; and

• use the performance information resulting from ROTC program 

evaluations to assess and document the need for the existing 

number of units,

To help improve the oversight and accountability of the military services’ 

ROTC programs, we recommend that the Secretary of Defense direct the 

Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness to take the 

following three actions: 

• reexamine and clarify DOD Instruction 1215.08 to clearly delineate 

roles and responsibilities for oversight of ROTC programs;

• coordinate with the military services to ensure that service ROTC 

guidance aligns with the updated DOD instruction; and 

Recommendations for 

Executive Action
Page 30 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

• develop and implement, in conjunction with the Secretaries of the 

military services, a strategy to periodically communicate with 

Congress and other key stakeholders on ROTC program 

performance.

In written comments on a draft of this report, DOD concurred with our six 

recommendations to make management, oversight, and accountability 

improvements to ROTC programs. DOD also described steps that it 

planned to take in response to our recommendations. DOD’s comments 

are reprinted in appendix IV. DOD also provided technical comments on 

the draft report, which we incorporated as appropriate. 

Regarding our first recommendation to establish performance measures 

that are clearly defined and include cost components, DOD concurred 

with our recommendation but stated that our report contained a “minor 

discrepancy” because it did not include the Navy’s explanation of how a 

particular unit closure consideration factor—outside of those specified in 

DOD Directive 1215.08—contributed to a service-specific need. 

Specifically, our draft report noted that, in fiscal year 2012, the Navy 

included the U.S. News and World Report ranking of the schools affiliated 

with a Naval ROTC unit as one of twelve factors included in its unit 

closure consideration process, but that it did not define how its use of this 

factor correlated to its need for a specific type of officer. We updated the 

draft to include the Navy’s comment that U.S. News and World Report 

ranking correlates to the quality of applicants to the Navy Nuclear 

Propulsion Program, a specific Navy officer accession requirement. We 

also clarified that because the services are required to subjectively 

determine how factors should be applied, these factors can change over 

time without justification. We therefore continue to believe that these 

inconsistent measurements limit the services’ ability to compare program 

progress, results and efficiencies over time.

For our other five recommendations, DOD concurred with each of them 

and estimated actions would be completed by July 2015. We encourage 

DOD to begin taking actions now to facilitate implementation of these 

recommendations as soon as possible.

Agency Comments 

and Our Evaluation

See report page 20
Page 31 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

We are sending copies of this report to the Secretary of Defense, the 

Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, the 

Secretaries of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, and appropriate 

congressional committees. In addition, this report will also be available at 

no charge on the GAO website at http://www.gao.gov. 

If you or your staff have any questions regarding this report, please 

contact me at (202) 512-3604 or farrellb@gao.gov. Contact points for our 

Offices of Congressional Relations and Public Affairs may be found on 

the last page of this report. GAO staff who made major contributions to 

this report are listed in appendix V.

Brenda S. Farrell

Director

Defense Capabilities and Management
Page 32 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

List of Committees

The Honorable Carl Levin

Chairman

The Honorable James Inhofe

Ranking Member

Committee on Armed Services

United States Senate 

The Honorable Howard P. “Buck” McKeon

Chairman

The Honorable Adam Smith

Ranking Member

Committee on Armed Services

House of Representatives

The Honorable Dick Durbin

Chairman

The Honorable Thad Cochran

Ranking Member

Subcommittee on Defense

Committee on Appropriations

United States Senate

The Honorable Chairman

The Honorable Pete Visclosky

Ranking Member

Subcommittee on Defense

Committee on Appropriations

House of Representatives
Appendix I: Scope and Methodology

Page 33 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

To assess the extent to which the military services’ ROTC programs met 

goals and minimum requirements for producing officers over a 5-year 

period, we obtained and analyzed ROTC unit production data from each 

of the military services for fiscal years 2008 through 2012 and fiscal year 

2012 enrollment data. We chose to assess the officer production from 

each service’s ROTC program for fiscal years 2008 through 2012 

because it is the most recently completed 5-year period at the time of our 

review. We determined the overall productivity of the services’ ROTC 

programs by comparing the number of ROTC officers produced to the 

ROTC officer goals as outlined in service-specific guidance for fiscal 

years 2008 through 2012. Using fiscal year 2012 data found in fiscal year 

2014 budget documents and other service documents, we compared 

overall officer production with other major commissioning sources. We 

determined the productivity of ROTC units by comparing the average 

annual production of individual units from fiscal year 2008 through 2012 

to the Department of Defense’s (DOD) minimum production requirement 

in the DOD Instruction for Senior ROTC (DOD Instruction 1215.08)—a 

minimum of 15 officers a year averaged over 5 years for 4-year schools 

and a minimum of 7 officers a year averaged over 5 years for 2-year 

schools. We also analyzed the data provided to determine the degree to 

which the units are not meeting minimum production requirements and 

the degree to which the units met minimum production requirements. In 

particular, we analyzed ROTC officer production data from fiscal years 

2008 through 2012 to determine (1) the number and percentage of ROTC 

units that met and did not meet the DOD minimum production 

requirement for ROTC officer production and (2) the number and 

percentage of ROTC units that produced officers in specific ranges of 

officer production (e.g., fewer than 5, 5 to fewer than 10, 10 to fewer than 

15, 15 to fewer than 20, 20 to fewer than 30, etc. to over 50). We also 

reviewed fiscal year 2012 staff data of military personnel located at each 

unit provided to us by the military services and DOD’s fiscal year 2012 

composite rates45

 45DOD, FY 2012 Department of Defense (DOD) Military Personnel Composite Standard 

Pay and Reimbursement Rates, (Apr. 13, 2011). 

to determine the cost of military personnel per each 

ROTC unit in fiscal year 2012. In addition, we reviewed the fiscal year 

2014 budget documentation to identify the average operation and 

maintenance cost (excluding scholarships) per ROTC unit in fiscal year 

2012. We used these data to determine the fiscal year 2012 cost of 

ROTC units that met and did not meet DOD minimum production 

requirements for fiscal years 2008 through 2012 .To assess the reliability 

Appendix I: Scope and Methodology
Appendix I: Scope and Methodology

Page 34 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

of the production and cost data, we discussed these data with officials 

from the military services to gain an understanding of the processes and 

databases used to collect and record data and to understand existing 

data quality control procedures and known limitations of the data. When 

we found inconsistencies in the data, we followed up with service officials 

to attempt to reconcile these differences. We determined that these data 

were sufficiently reliable for determining the extent to which the military 

services are meeting ROTC production goals and unit level requirements

as well as the cost per unit. 

To assess the extent to which the services have established performance 

measures and evaluations for determining the structure of ROTC 

programs, we reviewed relevant legislation, specifically sections 2101-

2111b of Title 10 of the U.S. Code, and department and service guidance 

for ROTC programs, to identify what, if any, guidelines for cost-effective 

program management are identified. In addition, we reviewed prior GAO 

reports on ROTC and officer accessions programs to determine what 

recommendations and actions have previously been taken in regard to 

improving the efficiency and effectiveness of ROTC programs. We also 

obtained and analyzed information from each of the services to determine 

the frequency with which the services evaluated unit productivity to 

identify units for potential consolidation or closure. Further, we identified 

the measures used by each service to conduct these evaluations and 

compared them with key attributes of effective performance measures 

that our prior work has shown are needed to successfully evaluate 

program performance. We also interviewed knowledgeable officials from 

the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and the military services 

who are responsible for officer accessions and service-specific ROTC 

programs. We discussed with these officials the extent to which the 

services were meeting ROTC requirements for producing newly 

commissioned officers, ROTC guidance and policies, roles and 

responsibilities, program performance and costs, procedures for the 

establishment and disestablishment of ROTC units, assessments of 

ROTC unit productivity, and program oversight. 

To assess the extent to which the military services’ ROTC programs are 

subject to oversight and have effective processes for communicating with 

key stakeholders, we reviewed and analyzed relevant OSD and military 

service guidance to identify guidelines and responsibilities for conducting 

oversight of ROTC programs and communicating with key stakeholders 

about ROTC program performance. We obtained and analyzed 

documentation on military service correspondence with schools about 

ROTC program performance and compared them with provisions in DOD 

Instruction 1215.08 pertaining to communication with schools. We also 
Appendix I: Scope and Methodology

Page 35 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

interviewed knowledgeable officials from OSD and the military services 

on the activities and mechanisms used to conduct oversight of, and to 

communicate with stakeholders on, ROTC programs.

We visited or contacted the following organizations during our review:

Department of Defense

• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy, 

Directorate of Accession Policy, Arlington, Virginia

Department of the Army

• Deputy Chief of Staff, Military Personnel Management Directorate, 

Officer Division, Arlington, Virginia

• Army Cadet Command, Fort Knox, Kentucky

Department of the Navy

• Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Manpower Personnel Education 

and Training, Arlington, Virginia

• Naval Service Training Command, Great Lakes, Illinois

Department of the Air Force

• Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower Personnel and Services, Air Staff, 

Arlington, Virginia

• Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions and Citizen 

Development, Montgomery, Alabama

United States Marine Corps

• Marine Corps Recruiting Command, Quantico, Virginia

We conducted this performance audit from February 2013 to November

2013 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing 

standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 

obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence to provide a reasonable basis for 

our findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives. We believe 

that the evidence obtained provides a reasonable basis for our findings 

and conclusions based on our audit objectives.
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 36 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

In fiscal year 2012, the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) program 

produced over 9,000 active duty, guard, and reserve officers.46 Table 6 

provides a listing of the number of officers produced in fiscal year 2012 by 

unit, school location, and service. 

Table 6: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

Alabama Alabama A&M University 13 -- -- 13

Alabama State University -- -- 10 10

Auburn University 28 19 a 47

Auburn University, Montgomery

a

26 -- -- 26

Consortium: Auburn University; Tuskegee University -- 41 -- 41

Jacksonville State University 11 -- -- 11

Marion Military Institute 43 -- -- 43

Samford University -- -- 8 8

Troy University -- -- 7 7

Tuskegee University 10 3 a 13

University of Alabama

a

22 -- 14 36

University of Alabama, Birmingham 19 -- -- 19

University of North Alabama 12 -- -- 12

University of South Alabama 19 -- 19 38

Alaska University of Alaska, Anchorage -- -- 6 6

University of Alaska, Fairbanks 8 -- -- 8

Arizona Arizona State University 38 1 21 60

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Arizona -- -- 19 19

Northern Arizona University 39 -- 14 53

University of Arizona 22 25 6 53

Arkansas Arkansas State University 18 -- -- 18

University of Arkansas 23 -- 6 29

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff 9 -- -- 9

University of Central Arkansas 22 -- -- 22

California California Polytechnic State University 13 -- -- 13

 46 Based on our analysis of each military service’s ROTC production data, we identified 

that the services’ ROTC programs collectively produced over 9,000 newly commissioned 

officers in fiscal year 2012.

Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 37 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

California State University, Fresno 15 -- 5 20

California 

continued

California State University, Fullerton 28 -- -- 28

California State University, Sacramento -- -- 19 19

California State University, San Bernardino -- -- 7 7

Claremont McKenna College 38 -- -- 38

Consortium: University of California, Los Angeles; University of Southern 

California -- 28 -- 28

Consortium: University of San Diego; San Diego State University -- 70 -- 70

Loyola Marymount University -- -- 13 13

San Diego State University 26 20 a 46

San Jose State University

a

-- -- 7 7

Santa Clara University 12 -- -- 12

University of California, Berkeley 5 13 5 23

University of California, Davis 32 -- -- 32

University of California, Los Angeles 25 13 a 38

University of California, Santa Barbara

a

12 -- -- 12

University of San Francisco 22 -- -- 22

University of San Diego -- -- a

University of Southern California

a

32 5 a 37

Colorado

a

Colorado State University 22 -- 24 46

University of Colorado 41 19 32 92

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs 31 -- -- 31

Connecticut University of Connecticut 27 -- 12 39

Yale University -- 0 a 0

Connecticut; 

Massachusetts

a

Consortium: Yale University; College of the Holy Cross

-- 16 -- 16

Delaware University of Delaware 18 -- 11 29

District of 

Columbia

George Washington University -- 32 -- 32

Georgetown University 24 -- -- 24

Howard University 9 -- 15 24

Florida Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 47 41 38 126

Florida A&M University 16 23 -- 39

Florida Institute of Technology 18 -- -- 18

Florida International University 34 -- -- 34

Florida Southern College 13 -- -- 13

Florida State University 34 -- 16 50

Jacksonville University -- 33 -- 33
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 38 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

University of Central Florida 31 -- 25 56

University of Florida 31 21 19 71

University of Miami -- -- 4 4

University of South Florida 48 28 13 89

University of Tampa 27 -- -- 27

University of West Florida 16 -- -- 16

Georgia Columbus State University 15 -- -- 15

Consortium: Georgia Institute of Technology; Morehouse College -- 21 -- 21

Fort Valley State University 15 -- -- 15

Georgia Institute of Technology 20 22 a 42

Georgia Military College

a

41 -- -- 41

Georgia Regents University 9 -- -- 9

Georgia Southern University 43 -- -- 43

Georgia State University 14 -- -- 14

Morehouse College -- - a

North Georgia College and State University

a

80 -- -- 80

Savannah State University -- 7 -- 7

University of Georgia 23 -- 17 40

Valdosta State University -- -- 5 5

Guam University of Guam 12 -- -- 12

Hawaii University of Hawaii, Manoa 45 -- 6 51

Idaho Boise State University 31 -- -- 31

University of Idaho 16 15 -- 31

Illinois Consortium: Illinois Institute of Technology; Northwestern University -- 13 -- 13

Eastern Illinois University 6 -- -- 6

Illinois Institute of Technology -- 9 a 9

Illinois State University

a

10 -- -- 10

Northern Illinois University 7 -- -- 7

Northwestern University -- -- a

Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

a

21 -- 12 33

Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville 16 -- -- 16

University of Illinois, Chicago 38 -- -- 38

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 21 15 17 53

Western Illinois University 20 -- -- 20

Wheaton College 29 -- -- 29

Indiana Ball State University 24 -- -- 24
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 39 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

Indiana State University -- -- 10 10

Indiana University 29 -- 14 43

Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis 16 -- -- 16

Purdue University 17 30 20 67

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 12 -- -- 12

Iowa University of Notre Dame 18 33 19 70

Iowa State University 22 11 11 44

University of Iowa 12 -- 11 23

University of Northern Iowa 22 -- -- 22

Kansas Kansas State University 31 -- 16 47

Pittsburg State University 22 -- -- 22

University of Kansas 14 13 9 36

Kentucky Eastern Kentucky University 17 -- -- 17

Morehead State University 7 -- -- 7

University of Kentucky 18 -- 13 31

University of Louisville 29 -- 7 36

Western Kentucky University 37 -- -- 37

Louisiana Grambling State University 10 -- -- 10

Louisiana State University and A&M College 22 -- 9 31

Louisiana Tech University -- -- 8 8

Northwestern State University 11 -- -- 11

Southern University and A&M College 4 10 -- 14

Tulane University 13 19 3 35

Maine Maine Maritime Academy -- 8 -- 8

University of Maine 11 -- -- 11

Maryland Bowie State University 5 -- -- 5

Johns Hopkins University 17 -- -- 17

Loyola University, Maryland 17 -- -- 17

McDaniel College 19 -- -- 19

Morgan State University 16 -- -- 16

University of Maryland, College Park 13 -- 32 45

Massachusetts Boston University 24 9 a 33

Consortium: Boston University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology

a

-- 34 -- 34

College of the Holy Cross -- -- a

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

a

18 9 a 27

Northeastern University

a

30 -- -- 30
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 40 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 16 -- 10 26

University of Massachusetts, Lowell -- -- 5 5

Worcester Polytechnic Institute 12 -- 9 21

Michigan Central Michigan University 18 -- -- 18

Eastern Michigan University 19 -- -- 19

Michigan State University 36 -- 11 47

Michigan Technological University 8 -- 8 16

Northern Michigan University 12 -- -- 12

University of Michigan 16 20 15 51

Western Michigan University 25 -- -- 25

Minnesota Minnesota State University, Mankato 24 -- -- 24

Saint John's University 20 -- -- 20

University of Minnesota, Duluth -- -- 7 7

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 40 13 10 63

University of Saint Thomas -- -- 16 16

Mississippi Alcorn State University 7 -- -- 7

Jackson State University 9 -- 2 11

Mississippi State University 19 -- 12 31

University of Mississippi 27 5 a 32

University of Southern Mississippi

a

13 -- 10 23

Mississippi; 

Tennessee

Consortium: University of Mississippi; University of Memphis

-- 19 -- 19

Missouri Lincoln University 10 -- -- 10

Missouri State University 26 -- -- 26

Missouri University Of Science & Technology 11 -- 4 15

Missouri Western State University 16 -- -- 16

Saint Louis University -- -- 14 14

Truman State University 14 -- -- 14

University of Central Missouri 13 -- -- 13

University of Missouri, Columbia 20 14 21 55

Washington University 20 -- -- 20

Wentworth Military Academy and College 13 -- -- 13

Montana Montana State University 18 -- 4 22

University of Montana 25 -- -- 25

Nebraska Creighton University 21 -- -- 21

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 24 12 12 48
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 41 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

University of Nebraska, Omaha -- -- 12 12

Nevada University of Nevada 20 -- -- 20

University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- -- 9 9

New Hampshire University of New Hampshire 25 -- 10 35

New Jersey New Jersey Institute of Technology -- -- 8 8

Princeton University 19 -- -- 19

Rutgers University 17 0 11 28

Seton Hall University 15 -- -- 15

New Mexico New Mexico Military Institute 43 -- -- 43

New Mexico State University 14 -- 12 26

University of New Mexico 13 17 9 39

New York Canisius College 19 -- -- 19

Clarkson University 23 -- 10 33

Cornell University 19 6 7 32

Fordham University 39 -- -- 39

Hofstra University 19 -- -- 19

Manhattan College -- -- 7 7

Niagara University 19 -- -- 19

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute -- 14 9 23

Rochester Institute of Technology 20 -- 10 30

Saint Bonaventure University 5 -- -- 5

Saint John's University 16 -- -- 16

Siena College 24 -- -- 24

State University of New York College, Brockport 15 -- -- 15

State University of New York, Maritime College -- 26 -- 26

Syracuse University 23 -- 2 25

University of Rochester -- 9 -- 9

North Carolina Appalachian State University 19 -- -- 19

Campbell University 58 -- -- 58

Consortium: Duke University; North Carolina State University; University of North 

Carolina, Chapel Hill -- 34 -- 34

Duke University 7 5 a 12

East Carolina University

a

25 -- 8 33

Elizabeth City State University 6 -- -- 6

Fayetteville State University -- -- 11 11

North Carolina A&T State University 20 -- 14 34

North Carolina State University 26 15 a 41a
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 42 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

Saint Augustine's College 3 -- -- 3

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 14 5 a 19

University of North Carolina, Charlotte

a

33 -- 19 52

Wake Forest University 12 -- -- 12

North Dakota North Dakota State University 11 -- 23 34

University of North Dakota 23 -- -- 23

Ohio Bowling Green State University 16 -- 5 21

Capital University 9 -- -- 9

Central State University 17 -- -- 17

John Carroll University 12 -- -- 12

Kent State University 18 -- 15 33

Miami University -- 17 9 26

Ohio State University 26 28 30 84

Ohio University 20 -- 6 26

University of Akron 12 -- -- 12

University of Cincinnati 29 -- 19 48

University of Dayton 18 -- -- 18

University of Toledo 18 -- -- 18

Wright State University 20 -- 18 38

Xavier University 20 -- -- 20

Oklahoma Cameron University 21 -- -- 21

Oklahoma State University 17 -- 18 35

University of Central Oklahoma 12 -- -- 12

University of Oklahoma 19 15 12 46

Oregon Oregon State University 27 26 11 64

University of Oregon 28 -- -- 28

University of Portland 21 -- 15 36

Pennsylvania Bucknell University 17 -- -- 17

Carnegie Mellon University -- 21 -- 21

Consortium: University of Pennsylvania; Villanova University -- 31 -- 31

Dickinson College 21 -- -- 21

Drexel University 13 -- -- 13

Edinboro University of Pennsylvania 6 -- -- 6

Gannon University 22 -- -- 22

Indiana University of Pennsylvania 20 -- -- 20

Lehigh University 16 -- -- 16
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 43 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania 10 -- -- 10

Pennsylvania State University 54 37 21 112

Saint Joseph's University -- -- 9 9

Shippensburg University 16 -- -- 16

Slippery Rock University 9 -- -- 9

Temple University 18 -- -- 18

University of Pittsburgh 29 -- 15 44

University of Scranton 31 -- -- 31

Valley Forge Military College 31 -- -- 31

Widener University 25 -- -- 25

Wilkes University -- -- 7 7

Puerto Rico University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez 40 -- 3 43

Rhode Island University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 41 -- 7 48

Providence College 14 -- -- 14

University of Rhode Island 19 -- -- 19

South Carolina Charleston Southern University -- -- 7 7

Clemson University 28 -- 14 42

Furman University 13 -- -- 13

Presbyterian College 16 -- -- 16

South Carolina State University 19 -- -- 19

The Citadel 88 67 19 174

University of South Carolina 33 19 14 66

Wofford College 13 -- -- 13

South Dakota South Dakota School of Mines and Technology 10 -- -- 10

South Dakota State University 14 -- 10 24

University of South Dakota 9 -- -- 9

Tennessee Austin Peay State University 18 -- -- 18

Carson-Newman College 12 -- -- 12

East Tennessee State University 12 -- -- 12

Middle Tennessee State University 17 -- -- 17

Tennessee State University -- -- 7 7

Tennessee Technological University 12 -- -- 12

University of Memphis 8 6 a 14

University of Tennessee, Knoxville

a

16 -- 14 30

University of Tennessee, Martin 6 -- -- 6

Vanderbilt University 9 11 -- 20
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 44 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

Texas Angelo State University -- -- 12 12

Baylor University -- -- 15 15

Consortium: Prairie View A&M University; Rice University -- 10 -- 10

Prairie View A&M University 12 -- a 12

Rice University

a

-- -- a

Saint Mary's University

a

14 -- -- 14

Sam Houston State University 18 -- -- 18

Stephen F. Austin State University 13 -- -- 13

Tarleton State University 28 -- -- 28

Texas A&M University 82 48 24 154

Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi 8 -- -- 8

Texas A&M University, Kingsville 9 -- -- 9

Texas Christian University 39 -- 6 45

Texas State University, San Marcos 15 -- 15 30

Texas Tech University 13 -- 11 24

University of Houston 13 -- 14 27

University of North Texas -- -- 15 15

University of Texas, Arlington 23 -- -- 23

University of Texas, Austin 17 8 8 33

University of Texas, El Paso 39 -- -- 39

University of Texas, Pan American 12 -- -- 12

University of Texas, San Antonio 27 -- 27 54

Utah Brigham Young University 50 -- 28 78

University of Utah 22 13 9 44

Utah State University -- -- 12 12

Weber State University 31 -- -- 31

Vermont Norwich University 71 38 14 123

University of Vermont 18 -- -- 18

Virginia College of William and Mary 14 -- -- 14

Consortium: Hampton University; Norfolk State University; 

Old Dominion University -- 62 -- 62

George Mason University 23 -- -- 23

Hampton University 20 -- a 20

James Madison University

a

29 -- -- 29

Norfolk State University 19 -- a 19

Old Dominion University

a

36 -- a 36

University of Richmond

a

30 -- -- 30
Appendix II: Fiscal Year 2012 Officer 

Production by ROTC Unit and by Service

Page 45 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State Unit Army Navy Air Force Total

University of Virginia 42 11 22 75

Virginia Military Institute 86 37 14 137

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 54 38 16 108

Virginia State University 16 -- -- 16

Washington Central Washington University 17 -- 10 27

Eastern Washington University 15 -- -- 15

Gonzaga University 26 -- -- 26

Pacific Lutheran University 28 -- -- 28

Seattle University 15 -- -- 15

University of Washington 15 32 28 75

Washington State University 21 -- 10 31

West Virginia Marshall University 4 -- -- 4

West Virginia State University 11 -- -- 11

West Virginia University 22 -- 7 29

Wisconsin Marquette University 21 19 9 49

Wyoming University of Wisconsin, La Crosse 18 -- -- 18

University of Wisconsin, Madison 34 14 14 62

University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh 18 -- -- 18

University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point 25 -- -- 25

University of Wyoming 8 -- 5 13

Total 5,880 1,406 1,790 9,076

Source: GAO Analysis of military service ROTC data.

-- = service does not have a unit at the location listed.

a

The Navy has several units with multiple host schools. These units are listed separately. Several of 

these units are located within multiple states. Specifically, the Navy’s unit that includes host schools 

Yale University and College of the Holy Cross is located in Connecticut and Massachusetts. 

Additionally, the Navy’s unit that includes host schools University of Mississippi and University of 

Memphis is located in Mississippi and Tennessee. 
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 46 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

This appendix contains enrollment information on the number of students 

in each of the military services’ Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)

programs across all years of study by unit and by the schools within the 

unit.47 Table 7 presents the Army’s enrollment information as of 

November 2012, table 8 presents the Navy’s enrollment information as of 

November 2012, and table 9 presents the Air Force’s enrollment 

information as of December 2012. The enrollment information is 

alphabetized by state or U.S. territory and then by unit and then by school 

within the unit.48 Based on our analysis of each military service’s ROTC 

enrollment data, we identified that the services’ ROTC programs had 

about 53,000 students enrolled across all years of study in 2012—the

Army had over 33,000 students enrolled, the Navy had over 6,000 

enrolled, and the Air Force had over 14,000 students enrolled.

Table 7: Army Enrollment by Year of Study as of November 2012

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Alabama

Alabama A&M University 26 19 21 24 90

Alabama A&M University 26 13 13 19 71

Athens State University 0 0 0 1 1

University of Alabama, Huntsville 0 6 8 4 18

Auburn University 38 27 32 45 142

Auburn University 38 27 32 45 142

Auburn University, Montgomery 8 22 24 26 80

Alabama State University 0 1 1 0 2

 47Year of study represents the year the student currently is enrolled in. For example, first 

year students are mostly freshmen and are expected to graduate after 2016, second year 

students are mostly sophomore and are expected to graduate in 2015, third year students 

are mostly juniors and are expected to graduate in 2014, and forth year students are 

mostly seniors and are expected to graduate in 2013. Fifth year students are mostly 

graduate students.

48The Navy maintains 12 ROTC administrative units in which the command structure and 

ROTC activities are divided between more than one host school. The Navy refers to these 

units as consortiums.

Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study 

and by Military Service
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 47 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Auburn University, Montgomery 2 6 5 9 22

Faulkner University 0 0 0 0 0

Huntingdon College 0 1 0 0 1

Troy State University, Montgomery 0 0 0 0 0

Troy University 6 14 18 17 55

Jacksonville State University 45 21 22 13 101

Jacksonville State University 26 21 22 13 82

Talladega College 19 0 0 0 19

Marion Military Institute 31 234 65 35 365

Concordia College 0 10 2 0 12

Judson College 1 0 2 0 3

Marion Military Institute 30 224 61 35 350

Tuskegee University 16 17 22 19 74

Tuskegee University 16 17 22 19 74

University of Alabama 8 29 25 26 88

Stillman College 0 0 0 1 1

University of Alabama 8 29 25 25 87

University of Alabama, 

Birmingham 28 27 25 20 100

Birmingham-Southern College 2 0 0 0 2

Herzing College 0 0 0 0 0

Miles College 0 0 0 0 0

Samford University 0 2 0 2 4

University of Alabama, Birmingham 26 25 23 18 92

University of Montevallo 0 0 2 0 2

University of North Alabama 32 16 13 9 70

University of North Alabama 32 16 13 9 70

University of South Alabama 28 19 23 18 88

Spring Hill College 1 0 2 2 5

University of Mobile 1 0 2 0 3

University of South Alabama 26 19 19 16 80

Alaska

University of Alaska, Fairbanks 13 17 9 15 54

University of Alaska, Anchorage 5 13 5 6 29

University of Alaska, Fairbanks 8 4 4 9 25
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 48 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Arizona

Arizona State University 19 30 49 34 132

Arizona State University 12 24 39 26 101

Grand Canyon University 7 6 10 8 31

Northern Arizona University 59 25 27 37 148

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 14 11 16 21 62

Northern Arizona University 45 14 11 16 86

University of Arizona 24 20 28 22 94

Northern Arizona University, Tucson 0 0 0 0 0

University of Arizona 24 20 28 22 94

Arkansas

Arkansas State University 39 26 18 10 93

Arkansas State University 20 14 13 9 56

Arkansas State University, Beebe 19 12 5 1 37

Arkansas State University, Mountain 

Home 0 0 0 0 0

University of Arkansas 55 50 30 36 171

John Brown University 0 2 1 2 5

Northeastern State University 11 4 3 6 24

University of Arkansas 34 27 19 23 103

University Of Arkansas, Fort Smith 10 17 7 5 39

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff 48 35 11 12 106

University of Arkansas, Monticello 7 3 4 4 18

University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff 41 32 7 8 88

University of Central Arkansas 32 36 27 20 115

Arkansas Tech University 8 10 4 7 29

Henderson State University 6 12 5 2 25

Hendrix College 0 0 1 0 1

Ouachita Baptist University 4 1 3 1 9

University of Arkansas, Little Rock 0 2 8 2 12

University of Central Arkansas 14 11 6 8 39

California

California Polytechnic State 

University 14 22 13 8 57

California Polytechnic State University 14 22 13 8 57
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 49 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

California State University, 

Fresno 19 19 13 8 59

California State University, Fresno 14 17 13 8 52

Fresno City College 5 2 0 0 7

California State University, 

Fullerton 36 36 27 32 131

Biola University 1 0 5 7 13

California State University, Fullerton 26 28 21 22 97

Cerritos College 1 1 0 0 2

Chapman University 1 1 1 1 4

DeVry University, Pomona 0 0 0 0 0

Fullerton College 6 2 0 0 8

Irvine Valley College 1 0 0 0 1

Mount San Antonio College 0 2 0 0 2

University of California, Irvine 0 0 0 0 0

Vanguard University 0 2 0 2 4

Whittier College 0 0 0 0 0

Claremont McKenna College 58 58 55 50 221

Azusa Pacific University 9 14 17 18 58

Azusa Pacific University, Graduate 

School 0 0 0 0 0

California Baptist University 4 3 7 14 28

California State Polytechnic University, 

Pomona 17 12 10 2 41

California State University, San 

Bernardino 17 9 8 7 41

Chaffey College 0 2 0 0 2

Citrus College 0 1 0 0 1

Claremont Graduate University 0 0 1 0 1

Claremont McKenna College 3 7 8 4 22

Harvey Mudd College 0 1 0 0 1

Loma Linda University 0 0 0 0 0

Mount San Antonio College 1 0 0 0 1

Occidental College 0 0 0 0 0

Pitzer College 0 2 0 0 2

Pomona College 0 0 0 1 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 50 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

San Bernardino Valley College 1 0 0 0 1

Scripps College 2 0 0 0 2

University of California, Riverside 3 6 4 2 15

University of La Verne 0 1 0 2 3

University of Redlands 1 0 0 0 1

San Diego State University 44 49 36 32 161

Art Institute of California, San Diego 0 0 0 0 0

California State University, San Marcos 3 11 9 2 25

Coleman College 0 0 0 0 0

Grossmont College 3 2 0 0 5

National University 0 0 0 3 3

Palomar College 2 3 0 0 5

Point Loma Nazarene University 1 6 4 3 14

San Diego Mesa College 1 1 0 0 2

San Diego Miramar College 2 0 0 0 2

San Diego State University 28 17 11 13 69

Southwestern College 2 2 0 0 4

University of California, San Diego 2 3 4 4 13

University of Phoenix 0 0 3 0 3

University of San Diego 0 4 5 7 16

Santa Clara University 34 10 18 19 81

Mission College 1 0 0 0 1

Monterey Institute of International 

Studies 0 0 0 0 0

San Jose State University 8 0 4 6 18

Santa Clara University 10 7 13 13 43

Stanford University 3 3 1 0 7

West Valley College 12 0 0 0 12

University of California, Berkeley 14 11 10 7 42

California State University, East Bay 0 3 3 2 8

De Anza College 0 1 0 0 1

Dominican University of California 0 0 0 1 1

Mills College 0 0 0 0 0

Saint Mary's College of California 0 0 0 0 0

Samuel Merritt College 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 51 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Sonoma State University 0 0 0 0 0

University of California, Berkeley 14 7 7 4 32

University of California, Davis 43 26 22 15 106

California State University, Sacramento 29 15 11 7 62

Simpson University 1 2 3 1 7

University of California, Davis 13 9 8 7 37

University of California, 

Los Angeles 22 21 26 13 82

California State University, Los Angeles 0 0 0 0 0

California State University, Northridge 5 8 10 4 27

Loyola Marymount University 0 0 0 0 0

Master's College 1 2 0 0 3

Pepperdine University 2 1 3 2 8

University of California, Los Angeles 14 10 13 7 44

University of Phoenix 0 0 0 0 0

University of California, Santa 

Barbara 10 11 11 9 41

California Lutheran University 0 0 0 0 0

Chapman University 0 0 0 0 0

Santa Barbara City College 1 0 0 0 1

University of California, Santa Barbara 9 11 11 8 39

Westmont College 0 0 0 1 1

University of San Francisco 14 14 19 26 73

Academy of Art University 0 0 1 1 2

Dominican University of California 0 1 0 1 2

San Francisco State University 4 5 4 7 20

Sonoma State University 1 0 0 1 2

University of San Francisco 9 8 14 16 47

University of Southern California 21 40 22 24 107

California State University, Dominguez 

Hills 2 6 2 3 13

California State University, Long Beach 5 13 10 8 36

Loyola Marymount University 0 0 0 0 0

Occidental College 0 0 0 1 1

Southwestern University School of Law 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 52 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

University of California, Irvine 8 15 6 3 32

University of Southern California 6 6 4 9 25

Vanguard University 0 0 0 0 0

Colorado

Colorado State University 68 46 33 35 182

Colorado State University 51 36 26 29 142

University of Northern Colorado 17 10 7 6 40

University of Colorado 63 48 39 35 185

Colorado Christian University 0 2 0 3 5

Colorado School of Mines 7 3 9 2 21

Colorado Technical University 0 0 0 0 0

Community College of Denver 1 0 0 0 1

Johnson & Wales University 0 0 0 0 0

Metropolitan State College of Denver 16 5 2 4 27

Red Rocks Community College 0 1 0 0 1

Regis University 0 0 1 1 2

University of Colorado 34 30 21 21 106

University of Colorado, Denver 3 3 5 3 14

University of Denver 2 4 1 1 8

University of Colorado, Colorado 

Springs 42 25 30 36 133

Colorado Christian University 0 0 0 3 3

Colorado College 0 0 1 0 1

Colorado State University, Pueblo 13 3 4 7 27

Colorado Technical University 1 0 2 2 5

Devry University 0 0 0 2 2

National American University 0 0 3 2 5

Pikes Peak Community College 1 1 0 0 2

Regis University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Colorado, Colorado 

Springs 27 21 19 20 87

University of Phoenix 0 0 1 0 1

Webster University 0 0 0 0 0

Connecticut

University of Connecticut 44 43 27 34 148
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 53 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Central Connecticut State University 0 1 2 0 3

Eastern Connecticut State University 2 4 2 2 10

Fairfield University 0 1 1 2 4

Housatonic Community College 0 1 0 0 1

Quinnipiac University 0 0 1 1 2

Sacred Heart University 0 0 0 2 2

Saint Joseph College 0 0 0 0 0

Southern Connecticut State University 0 1 0 2 3

University of Connecticut 8 21 12 15 56

University of Hartford 0 1 1 2 4

University of New Haven 34 13 8 7 62

Wesleyan University 0 0 0 0 0

Yale University 0 0 0 1 1

Delaware

University of Delaware 36 26 20 17 99

Delaware State University 3 2 0 2 7

Lincoln University 0 1 0 0 1

Salisbury State University 11 6 3 4 24

University of Delaware 19 17 16 11 63

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore 2 0 0 0 2

Wesley College 1 0 0 0 1

Wilmington University 0 0 1 0 1

District of 

Columbia

Georgetown University 24 26 28 35 113

American University 6 11 9 11 37

Catholic University of America 6 5 3 6 20

George Washington University 6 4 8 10 28

Georgetown University 6 5 8 8 27

Institute Of World Politics 0 1 0 0 1

Marymount University 0 0 0 0 0

Howard University 18 11 12 24 65

Corcoran School of Art and Design 0 0 0 0 0

Howard University 18 10 11 22 61

University of the District of Columbia 0 1 1 2 4
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 54 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Florida

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical 

University 41 32 43 40 156

Bethune-Cookman University 7 5 5 3 20

Daytona State College 2 2 1 0 5

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 23 15 34 35 107

Stetson University 9 10 3 2 24

Florida A&M University 9 23 27 23 82

Florida A&M University 9 23 27 23 82

Florida Institute of Technology 26 18 15 15 74

Brevard Community College 0 1 0 1 2

Florida Institute of Technology 26 17 15 14 72

Keiser University 0 0 0 0 0

Florida International University 50 60 39 45 194

Barry University 1 0 0 1 2

Broward College 6 12 1 1 20

Florida Atlantic University 13 9 16 12 50

Florida International University 8 16 14 15 53

Florida Memorial University 0 1 0 2 3

Miami Dade College 17 11 2 5 35

Palm Beach Atlantic University 3 4 1 1 9

Palm Beach State College 1 1 0 0 2

University of Miami 1 6 5 8 20

Florida Southern College 20 12 21 16 69

Florida Southern College 17 11 18 13 59

Polk State College 2 1 0 0 3

Southeastern University 1 0 3 3 7

Florida State University 43 43 43 30 159

Florida State University 35 32 43 30 140

Tallahassee Community College 8 11 0 0 19

University of Central Florida 57 43 31 34 165

Seminole State College Of Florida 2 2 0 0 4

University of Central Florida 46 37 31 34 148

Valencia Community College 9 4 0 0 13

University of Florida 45 33 40 45 163
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 55 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

College Of Central Florida 2 1 0 0 3

Edward Waters College 0 0 0 0 0

Florida State College, Jacksonville 1 0 2 0 3

Jacksonville University 1 1 0 0 2

Saint Leo University 0 0 1 7 8

Santa Fe College 10 8 0 0 18

University of Florida 26 18 20 30 94

University of North Florida 5 5 17 8 35

University of South Florida 57 33 50 50 190

Clearwater Christian College 1 1 0 5 7

Eckerd College 0 0 1 2 3

Hillsborough Community College 0 0 1 0 1

Saint Leo University 9 9 11 9 38

Saint Petersburg College 4 2 2 0 8

University of South Florida 43 21 35 34 133

University of Tampa 19 14 26 28 87

University of Tampa 19 14 26 28 87

University of West Florida 61 15 16 15 107

Northwest Florida State College 15 6 0 0 21

Pensacola State College 2 0 0 0 2

University of West Florida 44 9 16 15 84

Georgia

Columbus State University 49 21 27 21 118

Columbus State University 49 21 27 21 118

Fort Valley State University 50 34 18 11 113

Albany State University 14 12 7 7 40

Darton College 1 0 0 0 1

Fort Valley State University 35 22 11 4 72

Georgia Institute of Technology 18 17 27 24 86

Agnes Scott College 0 1 1 0 2

DeVry Institute of Technology 0 0 0 0 0

Emory University 0 2 1 2 5

Georgia Institute of Technology 12 8 6 4 30

Kennesaw State University 3 5 15 15 38
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 56 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Savannah College of Art and Design 0 0 0 1 1

Southern Polytechnic State University 3 1 4 2 10

Georgia Military College 61 40 59 51 211

Georgia College & State University 0 0 1 0 1

Georgia Military College 58 33 44 37 172

Mercer University 3 7 14 14 38

Georgia Regents University 29 25 15 13 82

Georgia Regents University 21 24 11 10 66

Medical College of Georgia 0 0 0 0 0

Paine College 8 0 1 0 9

Troy University 0 0 3 3 6

University of South Carolina, Aiken 0 1 0 0 1

Georgia Southern University 48 74 73 45 240

Armstrong Atlantic State University 0 8 11 2 21

East Georgia College 0 0 0 0 0

Georgia Southern University 48 61 57 34 200

Savannah College of Art and Design 0 0 1 2 3

Savannah State University 0 5 4 7 16

Georgia State University 15 16 25 28 84

Clark Atlanta University 0 0 0 4 4

Clayton State University 1 2 2 2 7

Emory University 0 0 1 0 1

Georgia State University 9 9 15 7 40

Mercer University 0 0 1 0 1

Morehouse College 4 5 3 12 24

Spelman College 1 0 3 3 7

North Georgia College and State 

University 300 193 157 100 750

North Georgia College and State 

University 300 193 157 100 750

University of Georgia 46 38 20 22 126

Gainesville State College 2 0 1 0 3

Georgia Gwinnett College 22 21 2 0 45

University of Georgia 22 17 17 22 78

Guam
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 57 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

University of Guam 47 40 18 10 115

Northern Marianas College 1 4 0 0 5

University of Guam 46 36 18 10 110

Hawaii

University of Hawaii, Manoa 62 44 54 53 213

American Samoa Community College 19 5 0 0 24

Brigham Young University, Hawaii 0 0 0 1 1

Chaminade University of Honolulu 0 5 6 8 19

Hawaii Pacific University 3 5 16 12 36

Honolulu Community College 0 0 0 1 1

University of Hawaii, Hilo 10 3 0 1 14

University of Hawaii, Manoa 30 25 31 25 111

University of Hawaii, West Oahu 0 1 1 5 7

Windward Community College 0 0 0 0 0

Idaho

Boise State University 76 40 38 40 194

Boise State University 30 15 15 25 85

Brigham Young University, Idaho 41 11 12 7 71

College Of Idaho 0 1 0 1 2

Idaho State University 5 8 6 3 22

Northwest Nazarene University 0 5 5 4 14

University of Idaho 12 15 11 14 52

Lewis-Clark State College 1 0 0 1 2

University of Idaho 11 15 11 13 50

Illinois

Eastern Illinois University 30 20 11 12 73

Eastern Illinois University 30 19 11 12 72

Lakeview College of Nursing 0 1 0 0 1

Illinois State University 33 25 18 14 90

Bradley University 2 3 5 1 11

Heartland Community College 0 0 0 0 0

Illinois State University 30 22 11 12 75

Illinois Wesleyan University 1 0 2 1 4

Northern Illinois University 40 30 21 10 101
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 58 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Kishwaukee College 3 2 1 0 6

Northern Illinois University 37 28 20 10 95

Southern Illinois University, 

Carbondale 21 38 18 12 89

Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 21 38 18 12 89

Southern Illinois University, 

Edwardsville 51 23 16 20 110

Lewis and Clark Community College 3 1 0 0 4

McKendree University 0 0 0 0 0

Southern Illinois University, 

Edwardsville 41 21 16 20 98

Southwestern Illinois College 7 1 0 0 8

University of Illinois, Chicago 73 37 43 47 200

Chicago State University 24 6 4 4 38

Columbia College 0 0 0 0 0

DePaul University 0 7 9 6 22

Illinois Institute of Technology 3 2 7 4 16

Indiana University, Northwest 12 7 3 2 24

Loyola University 4 2 7 13 26

North Park University 0 0 0 0 0

Northeastern Illinois University 1 2 1 3 7

Northwestern University 0 0 0 0 0

Purdue University, Calumet 4 2 3 1 10

Resurrection University, College of 

Nursing 0 0 0 1 1

Robert Morris University 1 1 0 1 3

Saint Xavier University 0 0 2 0 2

University of Chicago 0 0 0 1 1

University of Illinois, Chicago 24 8 7 11 50

University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign 24 29 23 21 97

Parkland College 0 3 0 0 3

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 24 26 23 21 94

Western Illinois University 3 29 24 16 72

Monmouth College 0 1 0 0 1

Western Illinois University 3 28 24 16 71
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 59 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Wheaton College 39 43 33 31 146

Aurora University 2 2 1 0 5

Benedictine University 0 0 0 1 1

Elmhurst College 0 0 0 2 2

Lewis University 3 12 5 5 25

North Central College 0 1 0 0 1

Olivet Nazarene University 20 14 14 13 61

Rush University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Saint Francis 0 0 0 0 0

Wheaton College 14 14 13 10 51

Indiana

Ball State University 56 42 25 22 145

Ball State University 26 26 17 13 82

Indiana University-Purdue University, 

Fort Wayne 25 15 3 5 48

Indiana Wesleyan University 5 1 5 4 15

Indiana University 45 42 22 23 132

Indiana University 45 42 22 23 132

Indiana University-Purdue 

University, Indianapolis 54 54 26 27 161

Butler University 4 4 3 0 11

Franklin College 1 0 1 1 3

Indiana University, Kokomo 1 11 6 2 20

Indiana University-Purdue University, 

Indianapolis 46 35 14 21 116

Marian University 0 1 1 2 4

University of Indianapolis 2 3 1 1 7

Purdue University 39 51 26 25 141

Purdue University 39 51 26 25 141

Rose-Hulman Institute of 

Technology 38 34 21 14 107

DePauw University 0 1 0 1 2

Indiana State University 13 15 3 1 32

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 12 6 6 6 30

University of Evansville 0 0 1 0 1

University of Southern Indiana 13 12 11 6 42
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 60 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

University of Notre Dame 12 20 14 22 68

Bethel College 1 1 0 0 2

Holy Cross College 0 0 3 1 4

Indiana University, South Bend 1 3 0 1 5

Saint Mary's College 1 2 0 3 6

University of Notre Dame 7 8 9 12 36

Valparaiso University 2 6 2 5 15

Iowa

Iowa State University 30 35 32 30 127

Buena Vista University 8 9 4 3 24

Drake University 1 4 1 3 9

Grand View University 0 0 1 0 1

Iowa State University 21 22 26 24 93

University of Iowa 17 26 26 22 91

Coe College 1 2 3 5 11

University of Iowa 16 24 23 17 80

University of Northern Iowa 4 12 19 17 52

Allen College of Nursing 0 0 0 0 0

Loras College 0 0 0 0 0

University of Dubuque 3 7 10 13 33

University of Northern Iowa 1 5 9 4 19

University of Wisconsin, Platteville 0 0 0 0 0

Kansas

Kansas State University 56 39 33 26 154

Kansas State University 56 39 33 26 154

Pittsburg State University 24 19 13 10 66

Pittsburg State University 24 19 13 10 66

University of Kansas 45 24 18 17 104

Baker University 0 0 0 0 0

Haskell Indian Nations University 4 1 0 0 5

Kansas City Kansas Community 

College 1 1 0 0 2

MidAmerica Nazarene University 3 3 2 2 10

University of Kansas 33 14 15 15 77

University Of Saint Mary 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 61 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Washburn University 4 5 1 0 10

Kentucky

Eastern Kentucky University 186 27 25 22 260

Eastern Kentucky University 27 25 21 16 89

Union College 0 0 0 3 3

University Of The Cumberlands 159 2 4 3 168

Morehead State University 6 37 18 10 71

Morehead State University 5 25 11 6 47

University Of Pikeville 1 12 7 4 24

University of Kentucky 41 38 23 25 127

Asbury College 3 1 1 4 9

Centre College 4 2 0 1 7

Georgetown College 2 1 1 0 4

Kentucky State University 0 0 0 0 0

Lexington Community College 2 0 0 0 2

Midway College 0 1 0 0 1

Transylvania University 0 0 0 1 1

University of Kentucky 30 33 21 19 103

University of Louisville 20 25 23 26 94

Bellarmine University 1 1 4 6 12

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0

Indiana University, Southeast 2 0 1 2 5

Spalding University 0 0 0 1 1

University of Louisville 17 24 18 17 76

Western Kentucky University 26 27 33 26 112

Campbellsville University 0 0 0 1 1

Kentucky Wesleyan College 0 0 0 0 0

Murray State University 4 3 8 7 22

Western Kentucky University 22 24 25 18 89

Louisiana

Grambling State University 29 31 30 19 109

Grambling State University 19 27 27 16 89

Louisiana Tech University 2 2 1 0 5

University of Louisiana, Monroe 8 2 2 3 15
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 62 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Louisiana State University and 

A&M College 33 37 31 18 119

Louisiana State University and A&M 

College 31 21 14 12 78

McNeese State University 0 0 0 1 1

Southeastern Louisiana University 0 3 1 0 4

University of Louisiana, Lafayette 2 13 16 5 36

Northwestern State University 12 6 16 16 50

Louisiana State University, Shreveport 0 1 3 2 6

Northwestern State University 12 5 13 14 44

Southern University and A&M 

College 9 12 14 14 49

Southern University and A&M College 9 12 14 14 49

Tulane University 16 21 15 14 66

Dillard University 1 2 0 3 6

Louisiana State University, Health 

Sciences Center 0 0 0 0 0

Loyola University, New Orleans 2 1 1 1 5

Our Lady of Holy Cross College 0 0 0 0 0

Southern University, New Orleans 0 1 0 0 1

Tulane University 5 5 8 7 25

University of New Orleans 7 10 4 1 22

Xavier University of Louisiana 1 2 2 2 7

Maine

University of Maine 14 20 14 15 63

Colby College 0 1 0 0 1

Husson University

3 4 3 3 13

New England School of 

Communications 1 0 2 0 3

Unity College 0 0 0 0 0

University of Maine 10 15 9 12 46

University of Maine, Augusta 0 0 0 0 0

Maryland

Bowie State University 26 12 13 12 63

Anne Arundel Community College 0 1 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 63 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Bowie State University 26 10 12 11 59

Saint Mary's College of Maryland 0 0 0 0 0

Strayer University 0 1 0 0 1

University of Maryland, Baltimore 

County 0 0 0 0 0

University of Maryland, University 

College 0 0 1 1 2

Johns Hopkins University 25 27 21 27 100

Johns Hopkins University 11 13 10 12 46

Maryland Institute College of Art 0 0 3 1 4

Stevenson University 6 6 3 5 20

University of Baltimore 2 2 1 1 6

University of Maryland, Baltimore 

County 6 6 4 8 24

Loyola University, Maryland 18 20 17 14 69

College of Notre Dame of Maryland 

University 0 2 0 0 2

Goucher College 0 1 1 0 2

Loyola University, Maryland 10 3 6 7 26

Towson University 8 14 10 7 39

University of Maryland, Baltimore 0 0 0 0 0

McDaniel College 32 20 20 23 95

Hood College 5 6 4 4 19

McDaniel College 18 5 5 12 40

Mount Saint Mary's University 9 9 11 7 36

Morgan State University 22 22 15 11 70

Coppin State University 3 9 6 2 20

Morgan State University 19 13 9 9 50

University of Maryland, College 

Park 18 37 23 17 95

University of Maryland, College Park 18 34 15 13 80

University of Maryland, University 

College 0 3 8 4 15

Massachusetts

Boston University 19 25 22 22 88

Babson College 0 0 0 1 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 64 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Bentley University 1 0 0 0 1

Boston University 12 14 11 11 48

Bridgewater State College 2 1 6 4 13

Curry College 0 1 0 2 3

Fisher College 0 0 0 0 0

Massachusetts Maritime Academy 0 6 1 2 9

New England Law, Boston 0 0 0 1 1

Stonehill College 4 2 4 1 11

University of Massachusetts, Boston 0 1 0 0 1

University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth 0 0 0 0 0

Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology 20 20 13 14 67

Endicott College 4 3 6 4 17

Gordon College 2 1 0 1 4

Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary 0 0 1 0 1

Harvard University 2 5 0 0 7

Lesley University 1 1 1 0 3

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2 1 3 2 8

Salem State University 8 3 1 5 17

Tufts University 0 6 1 1 8

Wellesley College 1 0 0 1 2

Northeastern University 28 19 24 27 98

Berklee College of Music 0 0 0 0 0

Boston College 9 4 5 7 25

Emerson College 0 0 0 0 0

Emmanuel College 0 1 0 0 1

Framingham State College 0 1 0 0 1

Northeastern University 15 9 10 14 48

Regis College 0 1 1 0 2

Simmons College 1 0 2 0 3

Suffolk University 0 2 1 3 6

University of Massachusetts, Boston 0 0 0 0 0

Wentworth Institute of Technology 3 1 5 3 12

University of Massachusetts, 

Amherst 41 30 23 22 116
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 65 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

American International College 1 1 0 1 3

Bay Path College 0 0 0 1 1

Elms College 0 0 0 0 0

Hampshire College 0 1 1 0 2

Mount Holyoke College 0 0 0 0 0

Springfield College 0 2 0 1 3

Springfield Technical Community 

College 1 1 0 0 2

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 21 18 15 11 65

Western New England University 9 5 6 5 25

Westfield State College 9 2 1 3 15

Williams College 0 0 0 0 0

Worcester Polytechnic Institute 22 27 24 18 91

Anna Maria College 1 1 0 1 3

Assumption College 0 3 0 0 3

Becker College 0 0 0 0 0

Clark University 0 0 0 0 0

College of the Holy Cross 1 1 3 0 5

Daniel Webster College 2 0 0 0 2

Fitchburg State University 2 4 3 2 11

Mount Wachusett Community College 2 0 0 0 2

Nichols College 0 1 0 0 1

University of Massachusetts, Lowell 6 6 8 7 27

Worcester Polytechnic Institute 7 10 7 7 31

Worcester State University 1 1 3 1 6

Michigan

Central Michigan University 64 54 28 24 170

Alma College 0 0 0 0 0

Central Michigan University 53 36 12 18 119

Ferris State University 11 18 16 6 51

Northwood University 0 0 0 0 0

Eastern Michigan University 40 29 25 12 106

Baker College of Jackson 0 0 0 0 0

Eastern Michigan University 34 24 18 11 87

Madonna University 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 66 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Spring Arbor University 6 5 7 1 19

Wayne State University 0 0 0 0 0

Michigan State University 52 39 37 42 170

Michigan State University 52 39 37 42 170

Michigan Technological 

University 28 11 13 13 65

Finlandia University 0 0 0 3 3

Michigan Technological University 28 11 13 10 62

Northern Michigan University 30 17 10 9 66

Northern Michigan University 30 17 10 9 66

University of Michigan 16 31 29 18 94

Concordia University 0 0 1 0 1

Davenport University 0 0 0 0 0

Madonna University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Detroit Mercy 0 0 2 0 2

University of Michigan 9 23 21 16 69

University of Michigan, Flint 1 0 0 1 2

Wayne State University 2 5 4 1 12

Western Michigan University 63 33 20 20 136

Calvin College 5 2 4 3 14

Grace Bible College 0 0 0 0 0

Grand Valley State University 3 0 1 2 6

Hope College 0 0 0 0 0

Olivet College 0 0 0 0 0

Western Michigan University 55 31 15 15 116

Minnesota

Minnesota State University, 

Mankato 40 26 17 17 100

Bethany Lutheran College 0 0 1 1 2

Gustavus Adolphus College 3 6 1 1 11

Minnesota State University, Mankato 37 20 15 15 87

Saint John's University 38 35 25 23 121

Saint Cloud State University 23 13 12 10 58

Saint John's University 15 22 13 13 63
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 67 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

University of Minnesota, Twin 

Cities 29 30 26 26 111

Augsburg College 0 1 0 0 1

Bethel University 1 2 1 4 8

Century College 1 0 0 0 1

Concordia University 0 1 0 1 2

Crown College 1 0 0 0 1

Hamline University 0 0 0 0 0

Metropolitan State University 0 1 1 0 2

North Central University 0 0 0 0 0

Northwestern College 0 0 2 1 3

Saint Catherine University 1 2 0 1 4

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 18 18 12 15 63

University of Saint Thomas 7 5 10 4 26

William Mitchell College of Law 0 0 0 0 0

Mississippi

Alcorn State University 21 16 9 17 63

Alcorn State University 21 16 9 17 63

Jackson State University 43 23 24 20 110

Belhaven University 1 0 2 0 3

Hinds Community College 1 0 0 0 1

Jackson State University 26 8 10 11 55

Millsaps College 0 0 2 0 2

Mississippi College 3 7 5 6 21

Mississippi Valley State University 11 6 4 3 24

Tougaloo College 1 2 1 0 4

Mississippi State University 26 10 23 23 82

East Mississippi Community College 2 0 0 0 2

Mississippi State University 24 10 23 23 80

Mississippi University for Women 0 0 0 0 0

University of Mississippi 36 28 24 24 112

Northeast Mississippi Community 

College 0 3 0 0 3

University of Mississippi 36 23 24 23 106
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 68 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

University of Mississippi, Medical 

Center 0 2 0 1 3

University of Southern 

Mississippi 26 24 21 9 80

Pearl River Community College 1 0 0 0 1

University of Southern Mississippi 25 24 20 8 77

William Carey University 0 0 1 1 2

Missouri

Lincoln University 23 11 5 8 47

Lincoln University 23 11 5 8 47

Missouri State University 7 10 21 21 59

College of the Ozarks 0 2 0 0 2

Drury University 0 0 1 2 3

Evangel University 0 0 0 2 2

Missouri State University 7 8 20 15 50

Southwest Baptist University 0 0 0 2 2

Missouri University Of Science &

Technology 19 13 18 12 62

Columbia College 1 0 5 4 10

Drury University 1 0 2 1 4

Missouri University Of Science & 

Technology 17 13 9 7 46

Park University 0 0 1 0 1

Webster University 0 0 1 0 1

Missouri Western State 

University 16 23 13 13 65

Benedictine College 3 1 0 4 8

Calvary Bible College 0 0 0 0 0

Missouri Western State University 4 10 5 5 24

Northwest Missouri State University 3 3 3 2 11

Park University 4 2 2 0 8

Rockhurst University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Missouri, Kansas City 2 7 2 2 13

William Jewell College 0 0 1 0 1

Truman State University 53 13 18 18 102

Truman State University 53 13 18 18 102
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 69 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

University of Central Missouri 1 9 22 16 48

University of Central Missouri 1 9 22 16 48

University of Missouri, Columbia 20 20 26 24 90

Central Methodist University 0 0 1 0 1

Columbia College 0 0 1 2 3

University of Missouri, Columbia 20 20 24 20 84

Westminster College 0 0 0 2 2

Washington University 12 29 15 23 79

Fontbonne University 0 0 0 0 0

Harris-Stowe State University 0 2 0 0 2

Lindenwood University 8 11 6 3 28

Maryville University 0 0 0 1 1

Missouri Baptist University 0 1 0 0 1

Saint Louis College of Pharmacy 0 0 0 0 0

Saint Louis University 1 9 1 12 23

University of Missouri, Saint Louis 1 4 3 1 9

Washington University 2 2 5 4 13

Webster University 0 0 0 2 2

Wentworth Military Academy and 

College 31 21 32 18 102

Missouri Valley College 0 0 4 3 7

Wentworth Military Academy and 

College 31 21 28 15 95

Montana

Montana State University 42 26 22 18 108

Montana State University 38 24 17 15 94

Montana State University, Billings 4 1 5 2 12

Rocky Mountain College 0 1 0 1 2

University of Montana 10 12 18 19 59

Carroll College 7 6 3 6 22

University of Montana 3 6 15 13 37

Nebraska

Creighton University 14 10 15 14 53

Bellevue University 0 0 0 0 0

Creighton University 13 8 11 13 45
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 70 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Midland University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Nebraska, Omaha 1 2 4 1 8

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 28 22 19 14 83

Concordia University 0 0 0 1 1

Doane College 0 0 0 0 0

Nebraska Wesleyan University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Nebraska, Kearney 7 6 7 4 24

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 21 16 12 9 58

Nevada

University of Nevada 69 40 33 27 169

Community College of Southern 

Nevada 3 1 0 0 4

University of Nevada 50 24 15 16 105

University of Nevada, Las Vegas 16 15 18 11 60

New Hampshire

University of New Hampshire 26 32 28 27 113

Colby-Sawyer College 0 0 0 1 1

Franklin Pierce University 0 0 0 0 0

Granite State College 0 0 0 0 0

Keene State College 0 0 0 0 0

New England College 0 0 0 0 0

Plymouth State University 1 3 4 2 10

Saint Anselm College 1 1 0 1 3

Saint Joseph's College 0 1 0 0 1

Southern New Hampshire University 2 1 0 1 4

University of New England 2 0 1 0 3

University of New Hampshire 17 19 13 11 60

University of Southern Maine 3 7 10 11 31

New Jersey

Princeton University 22 25 20 15 82

College of New Jersey 7 9 7 1 24

Princeton University 7 9 4 7 27

Rider University 1 0 3 2 6

Rowan University 7 5 6 5 23

Rutgers University, Camden 0 2 0 0 2
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 71 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Rutgers University 28 32 24 24 108

Middlesex Community College 0 1 0 0 1

Monmouth University 0 1 0 1 2

Rutgers University 28 30 24 23 105

Seton Hall University 22 22 21 20 85

Caldwell College 0 0 0 0 0

Drew University 0 0 0 0 0

Fairleigh Dickinson University 0 0 0 0 0

Kean University 0 1 1 4 6

Montclair State University 0 3 1 1 5

New Jersey City University 0 0 0 0 0

New Jersey Institute of Technology 2 0 2 0 4

Ramapo College of New Jersey 1 0 2 0 3

Rutgers University, Newark 0 1 0 0 1

Saint Peter's University 0 0 0 0 0

Seton Hall University 18 13 13 12 56

Stevens Institute of Technology 0 1 2 1 4

Union County College 1 2 0 0 3

William Paterson University 0 1 0 2 3

New Mexico

New Mexico Military Institute 1 7 284 105 397

New Mexico Military Institute 1 7 284 105 397

New Mexico State University 21 24 18 19 82

New Mexico State University 21 24 18 19 82

University of New Mexico 29 34 21 20 104

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 1 1

New Mexico Highlands University 0 0 0 1 1

University of New Mexico 29 33 21 18 101

University of Phoenix 0 1 0 0 1

New York

Canisius College 23 33 19 13 88

Canisius College 4 8 10 6 28

Daemen College 0 0 0 0 0

D'Youville College 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 72 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Erie Community College 3 1 0 0 4

Hilbert College 0 0 1 0 1

Medaille College 1 0 0 0 1

State University of New York, Buffalo 14 18 6 3 41

State University of New York, Buffalo 

State College 1 6 2 4 13

Clarkson University 27 19 21 20 87

Clarkson University 15 13 10 13 51

Saint Lawrence University 1 0 1 1 3

State University of New York, College of 

Technology, Canton 4 2 2 1 9

State University of New York, Potsdam 7 4 8 5 24

Cornell University 18 16 24 24 82

Cornell University 5 3 7 7 22

Elmira College 2 3 3 4 12

Ithaca College 4 5 4 5 18

State University of New York, 

Binghamton University 5 2 5 6 18

State University of New York, Cortland 2 3 5 2 12

Fordham University 26 26 31 30 113

Barnard College 0 0 1 0 1

Berkeley College 0 0 1 0 1

City University of New York City, City 

College 1 0 0 1 2

City University of New York, Baruch 

College 0 0 0 0 0

City University of New York, Bernard 

Baruch College 0 0 0 0 0

City University of New York, John Jay 

College of Criminal Justice 0 2 0 2 4

City University of New York, Lehman 

College 1 0 1 2 4

College of New Rochelle 0 0 0 0 0

Columbia University 1 0 1 3 5

Fordham University 11 11 7 11 40

Iona College 0 0 0 0 0

King's College 1 1 0 0 2
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 73 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Long Island University 0 1 0 0 1

Manhattan College 1 0 0 1 2

Manhattanville College 0 0 1 0 1

Marist College 5 5 9 4 23

Marymount Manhattan College 0 0 0 0 0

Mercy College 0 0 1 0 1

Monroe College 0 0 0 0 0

Monroe Community College 0 1 0 0 1

Mount Saint Mary College 0 0 0 1 1

New School for Social Research 0 0 0 0 0

New York Institute of Technology 0 0 0 0 0

New York University 1 2 3 3 9

Pace University 1 0 1 0 2

Polytechnic University 1 1 0 0 2

State University of New York, Maritime 

College 2 2 2 2 8

State University of New York, New Paltz 0 0 1 0 1

Vassar College 0 0 0 0 0

Vaughn College of Aeronautics 0 0 2 0 2

Hofstra University 19 30 13 14 76

Adelphi University 0 2 0 0 2

Briarcliffe College 0 0 1 0 1

City University of New York, Hunter 

College 0 0 0 0 0

City University of New York, John Jay 

College of Criminal Justice 0 0 1 0 1

Dowling College 0 0 0 3 3

Hofstra University 7 6 4 6 23

Long Island University, C. W. Post 0 1 1 1 3

Molloy College 0 1 2 1 4

Nassau Community College 1 5 0 0 6

New York Institute of Technology 0 0 0 1 1

Saint Joseph's College 2 0 0 0 2

State University of New York College, 

Old Westbury 2 1 1 0 4
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 74 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

State University of New York, 

Farmingdale 4 3 3 0 10

State University of New York, Stony 

Brook 2 10 0 2 14

Suffolk Community College 1 1 0 0 2

Vaughn College of Aeronautics 0 0 0 0 0

Niagara University 23 14 15 24 76

Niagara University 23 14 15 24 76

State University of New York, Buffalo 

State College 0 0 0 0 0

Rochester Institute of 

Technology 30 10 17 10 67

Monroe Community College 1 1 0 0 2

Nazareth College of Rochester 2 0 0 0 2

Roberts Wesleyan College 0 0 0 0 0

Rochester Institute of Technology 23 9 14 9 55

Saint John Fisher College 2 0 1 0 3

State University of New York, Geneseo 2 0 0 0 2

University of Rochester 0 0 2 1 3

Saint Bonaventure University 22 19 15 12 68

Alfred University 0 0 0 0 0

Houghton College 1 2 2 2 7

Saint Bonaventure University 11 11 8 6 36

State University of New York, College of 

Technology, Alfred 4 1 1 1 7

University of Pittsburgh, Bradford 6 5 4 3 18

Saint John's University 8 13 17 14 52

Adelphi University 0 0 0 0 0

City University of New York City, City 

College 0 0 0 0 0

City University of New York, Baruch 

College 1 0 0 0 1

City University of New York, Brooklyn 

College 0 0 0 0 0

City University of New York, College of 

Staten Island 0 2 0 0 2

City University of New York, John Jay 

College of Criminal Justice 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 75 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

City University of New York, Queens 

College 0 1 0 0 1

City University of New York, York 

College 0 0 1 0 1

Molloy College 0 0 0 0 0

New York Institute of Technology 0 0 0 0 0

New York University 0 0 0 0 0

Pratt Institute 0 0 0 0 0

Saint John's University 7 10 16 14 47

Vaughn College of Aeronautics 0 0 0 0 0

Siena College 19 20 18 16 73

Albany College of Pharmacy and Health 

Sciences 0 0 0 0 0

College of Saint Rose 1 0 0 0 1

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 3 9 6 8 26

Russell Sage College 0 0 0 0 0

Siena College 4 2 7 4 17

Skidmore College 0 0 0 0 0

State University of New York, Albany 7 9 5 4 25

Union College 4 0 0 0 4

State University of New York 

College, Brockport 20 21 14 14 69

Genesee Community College 1 1 0 0 2

Monroe Community College 1 0 0 0 1

Roberts Wesleyan College 1 0 1 0 2

State University of New York College, 

Brockport 17 20 13 14 64

Syracuse University 27 24 29 30 110

Cazenovia College 0 0 0 0 0

Colgate University 0 0 0 0 0

Columbia College 0 0 0 0 0

Hamilton College 0 0 0 0 0

Le Moyne College 2 3 1 1 7

Mohawk Valley Community College 1 0 0 0 1

Onondaga Community College 3 2 0 0 5
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 76 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

State University of New York, College of 

Agriculture and Technology, Morrisville 3 1 1 0 5

State University of New York, College of 

Environmental Science and Forestry 1 0 2 0 3

State University of New York, Institute 

of Technology 1 0 0 0 1

State University of New York, Oswego 1 5 3 2 11

Syracuse University 8 13 19 24 64

Utica College 7 0 3 3 13

North Carolina

Appalachian State University 40 34 21 19 114

Appalachian State University 40 34 21 19 114

Campbell University 69 68 60 55 252

Campbell University 23 25 29 30 107

Fayetteville State University 21 20 16 15 72

Methodist University 8 10 11 6 35

University of North Carolina, Pembroke 17 13 4 4 38

Duke University 17 14 11 18 60

Duke University 12 5 4 11 32

North Carolina Central University 5 9 7 7 28

East Carolina University 29 20 22 25 96

East Carolina University 29 20 22 25 96

Elizabeth City State University 34 7 14 18 73

Elizabeth City State University 34 7 14 17 72

Mid Atlantic Christian University 0 0 0 1 1

North Carolina A&T State 

University 32 50 25 27 134

Elon University 4 4 0 2 10

Greensboro College 0 0 1 0 1

High Point University 7 9 0 3 19

North Carolina A&T State University 20 32 18 19 89

University of North Carolina, 

Greensboro 1 5 6 3 15

North Carolina State University 45 31 27 28 131

Meredith College 0 2 0 0 2

North Carolina State University 41 26 27 28 122
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 77 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Wake Technical Community College 4 3 0 0 7

Saint Augustine's College 49 22 14 8 93

North Carolina Wesleyan College 17 6 2 2 27

Peace College 3 0 0 0 3

Saint Augustine's College 18 4 10 4 36

Shaw University 11 12 2 2 27

University of North Carolina, 

Chapel Hill 11 13 18 9 51

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 11 13 18 9 51

University of North Carolina, 

Charlotte 59 60 24 28 171

Belmont Abbey College 4 2 0 2 8

Central Piedmont Community College 0 1 0 0 1

Davidson College 5 7 3 2 17

Gardner-Webb University 7 4 1 1 13

Johnson C. Smith University 2 3 0 2 7

Lenoir-Rhyne University 0 0 0 0 0

Queens University of Charlotte 0 0 0 1 1

University of North Carolina, Charlotte 37 35 18 17 107

Winthrop University 4 8 2 3 17

Wake Forest University 14 19 20 18 71

Salem College 0 1 0 0 1

Wake Forest University 9 7 13 14 43

Winston-Salem State University 5 11 7 4 27

North Dakota

North Dakota State University 11 15 15 11 52

Concordia College 0 2 3 0 5

Minnesota State University, Moorhead 0 3 0 2 5

North Dakota State University 11 10 12 9 42

University of North Dakota 29 27 29 25 110

University of North Dakota 29 27 29 25 110

Ohio

Bowling Green State University 50 28 21 18 117

Bowling Green State University 44 25 14 18 101

Heidelberg University 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 78 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Mercy College of Northwest Ohio 0 0 1 0 1

Ohio Northern University 2 0 0 0 2

Tiffin University 1 2 4 0 7

University of Findlay 1 0 0 0 1

University Of Northwestern Ohio 2 1 2 0 5

Capital University 9 13 12 10 44

Capital University 8 9 11 8 36

Denison University 0 0 0 1 1

DeVry Institute of Technology 0 0 0 0 0

Franklin University 0 0 1 0 1

Ohio Dominican University 0 3 0 0 3

Otterbein University 1 1 0 1 3

Central State University 37 33 21 9 100

Cedarville University 17 17 14 7 55

Central State University 20 16 7 2 45

Wilberforce University 0 0 0 0 0

John Carroll University 19 16 17 17 69

Baldwin-Wallace College 1 0 0 0 1

Case Western Reserve University 4 3 5 3 15

Cleveland State University 2 4 3 6 15

John Carroll University 11 7 8 8 34

Notre Dame College of Ohio 1 2 1 0 4

Ursuline College 0 0 0 0 0

Kent State University 44 27 20 16 107

Kent State University 20 18 16 8 62

University Of Mount Union 0 2 2 5 9

Youngstown State University 24 7 2 3 36

Ohio State University 70 57 32 16 175

Mount Carmel College of Nursing 0 0 0 2 2

Ohio State University 70 57 32 14 173

Ohio University 32 35 33 25 125

Ohio University 32 35 33 25 125

University of Akron 29 10 15 19 73

University of Akron 29 10 15 19 73
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 79 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

University of Cincinnati 17 22 26 26 91

Cincinnati Christian University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Cincinnati 17 22 26 26 91

University of Dayton 18 17 17 25 77

University of Dayton 18 17 17 25 77

University of Toledo 36 27 20 21 104

Adrian College 1 0 2 1 4

Lourdes College 0 0 1 1 2

University of Toledo 35 27 17 19 98

Wright State University 14 13 21 14 62

Wright State University 14 13 21 14 62

Xavier University 12 17 21 17 67

College of Mount Saint Joseph 0 1 0 0 1

Miami University 1 4 7 0 12

Northern Kentucky University 2 1 3 1 7

Thomas More College 1 0 0 0 1

Xavier University 8 11 11 16 46

Oklahoma

Cameron University 28 17 24 22 91

Cameron University 28 17 24 22 91

University of Oklahoma, Health 

Sciences Center 0 0 0 0 0

Oklahoma State University 12 14 19 21 66

Oklahoma State University 12 14 19 20 65

Oral Roberts University 0 0 0 1 1

University of Central Oklahoma 11 18 18 13 60

Langston University 0 0 0 0 0

Oklahoma Christian University 0 1 3 3 7

Oklahoma City University 0 0 2 0 2

Southern Nazarene University 2 0 0 0 2

University of Central Oklahoma 9 17 13 10 49

University of Oklahoma 12 24 23 16 75

University of Oklahoma 12 24 23 16 75

Oregon

Oregon State University 18 23 31 29 101
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 80 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Corban University 0 0 1 0 1

Oregon State University 16 22 26 28 92

Western Oregon University 2 1 4 1 8

Willamette University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Oregon 38 32 27 30 127

Southern Oregon University 6 7 5 7 25

University of Oregon 32 25 22 23 102

University Of Oregon, School Of Law 0 0 0 0 0

University of Portland 20 17 20 35 92

Concordia University 0 0 0 1 1

Eastern Oregon University 3 4 3 2 12

Lewis And Clark College 1 1 0 0 2

Portland State University 3 1 4 4 12

University of Portland 12 10 13 27 62

Washington State University 1 1 0 1 3

Pennsylvania

Bucknell University 39 21 18 24 102

Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania 13 9 7 6 35

Bucknell University 12 5 5 8 30

Lycoming College 1 2 1 1 5

Pennsylvania College of Technology 10 2 0 4 16

Susquehanna University 3 3 5 5 16

Dickinson College 16 15 18 15 64

Dickinson College 8 7 11 3 29

Franklin & Marshall College 0 0 0 0 0

Gettysburg College 0 0 0 4 4

Lebanon Valley College 0 0 0 0 0

Messiah College 0 0 3 4 7

Millersville University of Pennsylvania 8 6 4 2 20

Pennsylvania State University, 

Harrisburg 0 1 0 2 3

York College 0 1 0 0 1

Drexel University 27 22 13 24 86

Drexel University 25 18 9 17 69

La Salle University 0 2 1 3 6
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 81 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Rowan University 0 0 0 0 0

Rutgers University, Camden 0 0 0 0 0

Saint Joseph's University 2 1 0 3 6

University of Pennsylvania 0 1 3 1 5

University of the Sciences in 

Philadelphia 0 0 0 0 0

Edinboro University of 

Pennsylvania 51 30 13 3 97

Allegheny College 0 1 0 0 1

Edinboro University of Pennsylvania 51 29 13 3 96

Gannon University 36 28 16 15 95

Gannon University 10 8 5 4 27

Mercyhurst University 13 8 9 6 36

Pennsylvania State University, Erie 13 12 2 5 32

Indiana University of 

Pennsylvania 81 41 27 19 168

Clarion University 0 0 0 0 0

Indiana University of Pennsylvania 77 38 26 16 157

Saint Francis University 4 3 1 2 10

Seton Hill University 0 0 0 1 1

Lehigh University 30 26 13 17 86

Albright College 0 1 0 1 2

Alvernia University 1 3 0 1 5

Cedar Crest College 0 0 0 0 0

Desales University 2 2 1 1 6

East Stroudsburg University 0 0 0 0 0

Kutztown University of Pennsylvania 11 4 3 5 23

Lafayette College 1 1 2 1 5

Lehigh Carbon Community College 1 0 0 0 1

Lehigh University 6 5 7 6 24

Moravian College 1 3 0 2 6

Muhlenberg College 0 1 0 0 1

Northampton Community College 1 0 0 0 1

Pennsylvania State University, Berks 4 4 0 0 8

Pennsylvania State University, Lehigh 

Valley 2 2 0 0 4
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 82 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Lock Haven University of 

Pennsylvania 16 18 14 9 57

Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania 13 12 13 8 46

Mansfield University 3 6 1 1 11

Pennsylvania State University 72 61 64 55 252

Pennsylvania State University 56 52 57 50 215

Pennsylvania State University, Altoona 14 5 4 5 28

Pennsylvania State University, Hazelton 2 4 3 0 9

Shippensburg University 41 26 21 13 101

Shippensburg University 41 26 21 12 100

Wilson College 0 0 0 1 1

Slippery Rock University 51 31 11 15 108

Clarion University of Pennsylvania 10 7 2 3 22

Grove City College 0 0 0 0 0

Slippery Rock University 41 24 9 12 86

Temple University 22 24 26 21 93

Bryn Athyn College of the New Church 0 0 0 0 0

Bucks County Community College 0 1 0 0 1

Community College of Philadelphia 0 1 0 0 1

Holy Family University 0 0 0 0 0

Temple University 22 22 26 21 91

University of the Arts 0 0 0 0 0

University of Pittsburgh 46 51 38 35 170

California University of Pennsylvania 5 5 4 3 17

Carlow University 0 0 0 0 0

Carnegie Mellon University 1 0 1 0 2

Community College of Allegheny 

County 0 0 0 0 0

Duquesne University 4 6 3 6 19

Franciscan University of Steubenville 4 5 4 4 17

La Roche College 0 0 0 1 1

Pennsylvania State University, Fayette 1 0 0 0 1

Point Park University 0 0 0 4 4

Robert Morris University 1 4 1 3 9

Saint Francis University 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 83 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Seton Hill University 1 0 1 1 3

University of Pittsburgh 14 23 20 11 68

University of Pittsburgh, Greensburg 5 4 2 1 12

University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown 3 1 0 0 4

Washington and Jefferson College 7 3 2 1 13

West Liberty University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Scranton 50 33 31 29 143

Baptist Bible College 0 1 1 0 2

East Stroudsburg University 10 8 5 3 26

Keystone College 2 0 1 0 3

King's College 5 2 3 5 15

Luzerne County Community College 1 1 0 0 2

Marywood University 1 3 5 4 13

Misericordia University 0 0 0 1 1

Pennsylvania State University, WilkesBarre 1 0 0 0 1

University of Scranton 25 14 11 12 62

Wilkes University 5 4 5 4 18

Valley Forge Military College 76 12 25 21 134

Cabrini College 0 2 0 0 2

Eastern University 0 0 1 0 1

Rosemont College 0 0 1 0 1

Valley Forge Military College 76 10 23 21 130

Widener University 33 36 22 21 112

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania 0 0 0 0 0

Neumann University 3 0 1 0 4

Pennsylvania State University, Abington 9 7 2 1 19

Villanova University 7 9 8 6 30

West Chester University 3 8 8 7 26

Widener University 11 12 3 7 33

Puerto Rico

University of Puerto Rico, 

Mayaguez 80 106 58 64 308

Inter American University of Puerto 

Rico, Aguadilla 3 6 7 5 21
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 84 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Inter American University of Puerto 

Rico, Arecibo 10 39 9 11 69

Inter American University of Puerto 

Rico, Ponce 2 10 3 6 21

Inter American University of Puerto 

Rico, San German 33 25 13 10 81

Pontifical Catholic University 4 3 5 7 19

Universidad Adventista de las Antillas 0 0 1 0 1

University of Puerto Rico, Aguadilla 0 1 2 1 4

University of Puerto Rico, Arecibo 1 1 2 1 5

University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez 4 13 9 11 37

University of Puerto Rico, Ponce 9 6 4 9 28

University of the Virgin Islands, Saint 

Croix 14 2 3 3 22

University of Puerto Rico, 

Rio Piedras 74 38 52 46 210

American University of Puerto Rico 0 0 1 1 2

Bayamon Central University 0 0 0 0 0

Inter American University of Puerto 

Rico, Barranquitas 0 0 0 1 1

Inter American University of Puerto 

Rico, Bayamon 1 0 6 3 10

Inter American University of Puerto 

Rico, Fajardo 13 4 0 2 19

Inter American University of Puerto 

Rico, Guayama 0 0 1 0 1

Inter American University of Puerto 

Rico, Metro 12 3 10 11 36

Metropolitan University 3 3 4 2 12

Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico 0 0 1 3 4

Sacred Heart University 0 2 1 0 3

Turabo University 28 11 12 8 59

University del Este 3 1 5 4 13

University of Puerto Rico, Cayey 7 2 5 1 15

University of Puerto Rico, Humacao 0 0 1 1 2

University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 7 12 5 9 33

Rhode Island

Providence College 27 28 17 15 87
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 85 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Brown University 0 4 0 0 4

Bryant University 2 4 5 5 16

Community College of Rhode Island 6 1 0 0 7

Johnson & Wales University 1 1 3 3 8

Providence College 14 10 4 3 31

Rhode Island College 2 1 3 2 8

Rhode Island School of Design 0 0 0 0 0

University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth 2 7 2 2 13

University of Rhode Island 29 26 14 16 85

Roger Williams University 1 7 6 4 18

Roger Williams University, Law School 0 0 0 0 0

Salve Regina University 1 1 1 3 6

School name not provided 0 0 0 0 0

University of Rhode Island 27 18 7 9 61

South Carolina

Clemson University 47 35 29 31 142

Anderson University 1 0 2 1 4

Clemson University 42 34 26 30 132

Southern Wesleyan University 0 1 1 0 2

Tri-County Technical College 4 0 0 0 4

Furman University 20 9 13 16 58

Furman University 8 5 9 13 35

North Greenville University 12 4 4 3 23

Presbyterian College 15 14 13 12 54

Erskine College 0 0 0 1 1

Lander University 6 3 1 4 14

Newberry College 4 3 3 3 13

Presbyterian College 5 8 9 4 26

South Carolina State University 60 48 29 14 151

Claflin University 14 7 3 4 28

Denmark Technical College 0 1 0 0 1

South Carolina State University 29 31 24 6 90

Voorhees College 17 9 2 4 32

The Citadel 327 365 335 271 1298
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 86 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Charleston Southern University 1 1 8 6 16

College of Charleston 0 1 5 2 8

The Citadel 326 363 322 263 1274

University of South Carolina 89 73 31 34 227

Allen University 1 1 0 0 2

Benedict College 13 8 1 0 22

Coastal Carolina University 12 17 3 8 40

Francis Marion University 8 6 2 2 18

Morris College 20 3 1 0 24

University of South Carolina 35 38 24 24 121

Wofford College 10 19 17 24 70

Converse College 0 1 1 0 2

Limestone College 0 0 0 1 1

University of South Carolina, Upstate 0 6 5 14 25

Wofford College 10 12 11 9 42

South Dakota

South Dakota School of Mines 

and Technology 37 27 13 18 95

Black Hills State University 4 5 3 8 20

Chadron State College 9 10 4 1 24

National American University 0 0 0 3 3

South Dakota School of Mines and 

Technology 24 12 6 4 46

South Dakota State 0 0 0 2 2

South Dakota State University 9 6 13 15 43

Augustana College 0 0 0 0 0

Dakota State University 0 0 0 1 1

South Dakota State University 9 6 13 14 42

University of South Dakota 6 9 15 5 35

Briar Cliff University 0 0 0 1 1

Colorado Technical University, Sioux 

Falls 0 0 0 0 0

Dakota Wesleyan University 0 0 0 1 1

Morningside College 0 0 1 0 1

Mount Marty College 0 2 1 1 4
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 87 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

University of South Dakota 6 7 13 2 28

Wayne State College 0 0 0 0 0

Tennessee

Austin Peay State University 9 10 29 17 65

Austin Peay State University 6 10 26 15 57

Austin Peay State University, Fort 

Campbell 3 0 3 1 7

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 1 1

Carson-Newman College 16 13 12 14 55

Carson-Newman College 16 13 11 12 52

Lincoln Memorial University 0 0 1 2 3

East Tennessee State University 37 18 16 15 86

East Tennessee State University 37 17 13 12 79

King College 0 0 0 0 0

Mars Hill College 0 0 0 0 0

University of Virginia's College, Wise 0 1 3 3 7

Middle Tennessee State 

University 9 20 17 13 59

Middle Tennessee State University 9 20 17 13 59

Tennessee Technological 

University 13 15 8 17 53

Tennessee Technological University 13 15 8 17 53

University of Memphis 19 28 14 10 71

Christian Brothers University 0 1 0 0 1

Rhodes College 0 1 1 3 5

University of Memphis 19 26 13 7 65

University of Tennessee, 

Knoxville 45 26 27 33 131

Covenant College 0 0 0 0 0

Tennessee Wesleyan College 0 0 0 0 0

University of Tennessee, Chattanooga 23 7 11 14 55

University of Tennessee, Knoxville 22 19 16 19 76

University of Tennessee, Martin 26 21 12 11 70

Bethel University 1 0 0 0 1

Lambuth University 0 0 0 0 0

Union University 0 2 1 4 7
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 88 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

University of Tennessee, Martin 25 19 11 7 62

Vanderbilt University 8 16 17 20 61

Belmont University 3 2 0 8 13

Lipscomb University 0 1 2 3 6

Tennessee State University 0 3 3 1 7

Trevecca Nazarene University 0 0 1 1 2

Vanderbilt University 5 10 11 7 33

Texas

Prairie View A&M University 30 16 16 10 72

Prairie View A&M University 30 16 16 10 72

Saint Mary's University 22 15 23 28 88

Our Lady of the Lake University 0 0 1 0 1

Saint Mary's University 14 10 12 12 48

Saint Philip's College 2 0 0 0 2

Texas A&M University, San Antonio 0 0 3 2 5

Trinity University 0 1 0 1 2

University of Texas, Health Science 

Center, San Antonio 0 0 0 0 0

University of the Incarnate Word 6 4 7 13 30

Sam Houston State University 43 33 24 24 124

Sam Houston State University 43 33 24 24 124

Stephen F. Austin State 

University 28 17 24 18 87

Stephen F. Austin State University 28 17 24 18 87

Tarleton State University 96 36 40 39 211

Central Texas College 29 9 1 0 39

Tarleton State University 60 23 33 34 150

University of Mary Hardin-Baylor 7 4 6 5 22

Texas A&M University 217 285 134 97 733

Texas A&M University 217 285 134 97 733

Texas A&M University, Corpus 

Christi 48 18 9 14 89

Del Mar College 2 0 0 0 2

Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi 46 18 9 14 87

Texas A&M University, Kingsville 19 17 12 16 64
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 89 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Texas A&M International University 4 4 2 5 15

Texas A&M University, Kingsville 15 13 10 11 49

Texas Christian University 67 58 60 62 247

Baylor University 21 24 25 17 87

Columbia College 0 0 2 0 2

Tarleton State University, Waco 0 0 1 0 1

Texas Christian University 27 11 16 29 83

Texas Wesleyan University 1 1 1 2 5

Texas Woman's University 2 3 1 0 6

University of North Texas 16 19 14 14 63

Texas State University, San 

Marcos 23 19 20 18 80

Texas Lutheran University 0 0 0 0 0

Texas State University, San Marcos 23 19 20 18 80

Texas Tech University 39 24 25 12 100

Lubbock Christian University 0 2 1 0 3

Texas Tech University 39 22 24 12 97

Wayland Baptist University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Houston 18 22 20 13 73

Houston Baptist University 0 0 0 0 0

Houston Community College 1 1 0 0 2

Rice University 0 0 0 1 1

Texas Southern University 8 5 4 0 17

University of Houston 8 15 16 11 50

University of Houston, Clear Lake 0 0 0 1 1

University of Saint Thomas 1 1 0 0 2

University of Texas, Arlington 37 37 22 22 118

Dallas Baptist University 1 0 0 1 2

Southern Methodist University 2 1 0 2 5

Texas A&M University, Commerce 0 1 0 0 1

University of Dallas 3 5 1 2 11

University of North Texas 0 0 0 0 0

University of Texas, Arlington 30 29 21 17 97

University of Texas, Dallas 1 1 0 0 2

University of Texas, Austin 30 18 23 23 94
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 90 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Austin Community College 7 3 0 0 10

Concordia University 2 1 3 2 8

Huston-Tillotson University 0 2 1 0 3

Saint Edward's University 0 0 2 3 5

University of Texas, Austin 21 12 17 18 68

University of Texas, El Paso 22 16 40 26 104

El Paso Community College 0 0 0 2 2

Park University 0 0 5 2 7

University of Phoenix 0 0 0 0 0

University of Texas, El Paso 22 16 34 22 94

Webster University 0 0 1 0 1

University of Texas, Pan 

American 23 17 18 8 66

University of Texas, Brownsville 11 4 3 2 20

University of Texas, Pan American 12 13 15 6 46

University of Texas, San Antonio 67 44 35 27 173

San Antonio College 0 3 0 0 3

University of Phoenix 0 0 0 0 0

University of Texas, Health Science 

Center, San Antonio 0 0 0 0 0

University of Texas, San Antonio 67 41 27 18 153

Wayland Baptist University 0 0 8 9 17

Utah

Brigham Young University 135 66 52 39 292

Brigham Young University 67 22 22 21 132

Dixie State College Of Utah 23 13 5 3 44

Southern Utah University 27 13 8 3 51

University of Phoenix 0 0 0 1 1

Utah Valley University 18 18 17 11 64

University of Utah 32 31 32 21 116

Salt Lake Community College 4 3 1 0 8

University of Utah 19 16 16 12 63

Westminster College 9 12 15 9 45

Weber State University 67 36 41 44 188

Utah State University 43 13 20 25 101
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 91 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Weber State University 24 23 21 19 87

Vermont

Norwich University 202 172 154 105 633

Dartmouth College 2 3 0 4 9

Norwich University 200 169 154 101 624

University of Vermont 31 29 18 10 88

Castleton State College 1 2 1 0 4

Champlain College 0 0 1 1 2

Johnson State College 0 1 0 0 1

Middlebury College 0 2 1 0 3

Norwich University 0 0 0 0 0

Saint Michael's College 1 1 3 0 5

State University of New York, 

Plattsburgh 8 7 2 4 21

University of Vermont 21 16 10 5 52

Virginia

College of William and Mary 38 33 17 20 108

Christopher Newport University 19 20 11 10 60

College of William and Mary 19 13 6 10 48

George Mason University 57 33 34 31 155

George Mason University 50 32 33 26 141

Marymount University 3 0 0 0 3

Patrick Henry College 0 0 0 0 0

University Of Mary Washington 4 1 1 5 11

Hampton University 13 10 15 20 58

Hampton University 13 10 15 20 58

James Madison University 58 32 29 39 158

Bridgewater College 0 0 0 0 0

James Madison University 58 32 29 39 158

Norfolk State University 38 38 21 16 113

Norfolk State University 38 38 21 16 113

Old Dominion University 83 69 34 42 228

Old Dominion University 81 62 31 34 208

Regent University 1 0 2 3 6

Saint Leo University 0 1 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 92 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Tidewater Community College 0 2 0 1 3

Virginia Wesleyan College 1 4 1 4 10

University of Richmond 49 56 30 29 164

Hampden-Sydney College 9 3 2 4 18

Longwood University 9 12 5 2 28

Randolph-Macon College 0 0 0 1 1

University of Richmond 1 7 9 10 27

Virginia Commonwealth University 29 30 12 12 83

Virginia Union University 1 4 2 0 7

University of Virginia 36 51 41 44 172

Central Virginia Community College 1 0 0 0 1

Liberty University 25 30 24 22 101

Piedmont Virginia Community College 1 1 0 0 2

University of Virginia 9 20 17 22 68

Virginia Military Institute 261 268 129 133 791

Mary Baldwin College 19 11 7 9 46

Southern Virginia University 6 0 1 1 8

Virginia Military Institute 232 255 118 118 723

Washington and Lee University 4 2 3 5 14

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 

State University 150 122 101 67 440

Radford University 43 33 16 12 104

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 

University 107 89 85 55 336

Virginia State University 37 17 21 25 100

Virginia State University 37 17 21 25 100

Washington

Central Washington University 25 25 19 14 83

Central Washington University 25 25 19 14 83

Eastern Washington University 27 14 12 8 61

Eastern Washington University 22 14 10 7 53

Spokane Falls Community College 5 0 0 0 5

Washington State University 0 0 2 1 3

Gonzaga University 11 16 22 21 70

Gonzaga University 10 13 19 15 57
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 93 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Washington State University 0 0 0 0 0

Whitworth University 1 3 3 6 13

Pacific Lutheran University 21 20 18 29 88

Pacific Lutheran University 19 18 17 23 77

Pierce College 0 0 0 0 0

Saint Martin's University 1 0 1 5 7

University of Puget Sound 0 0 0 0 0

University Of Washington, Tacoma 1 2 0 1 4

Seattle University 9 8 14 14 45

Seattle University 9 8 14 14 45

Seattle University, School Of Law 0 0 0 0 0

University of Washington 20 22 24 19 85

Northwest University 1 0 0 1 2

Seattle Pacific University 2 2 3 5 12

University of Washington 17 20 21 13 71

Washington State University 47 26 20 20 113

Washington State University 47 26 20 20 113

West Virginia

Marshall University 22 15 16 3 56

Marshall University 22 15 16 3 56

West Virginia State University 18 20 8 5 51

Glenville State College 9 9 3 1 22

University of Charleston 2 3 3 0 8

West Virginia State University 6 7 1 3 17

West Virginia University Institute of 

Technology 1 1 1 1 4

West Virginia University 96 35 25 19 175

Fairmont State University 0 0 2 2 4

Waynesburg University 1 0 2 0 3

West Virginia University 95 35 21 17 168

Wisconsin

Marquette University 33 28 29 26 116

Carroll College 0 0 1 0 1

Concordia University, Wisconsin 1 1 0 1 3

Marquette University 25 17 22 18 82
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 94 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

yearb 2nd yearc 3rd yearc 4th yearc Total 

Milwaukee School of Engineering 0 1 2 2 5

University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 7 8 4 5 24

University of Wisconsin, Parkside 0 1 0 0 1

University of Wisconsin, La 

Crosse 14 19 10 20 63

Saint Mary's University 0 0 0 0 0

University of Wisconsin, La Crosse 10 12 3 4 29

Viterbo College 2 1 4 13 20

Winona State University 2 6 3 3 14

University of Wisconsin, Madison 41 55 26 26 148

Edgewood College 0 1 1 4 6

Maranatha Baptist Bible College 8 14 5 5 32

University of Wisconsin, Madison 21 22 15 10 68

University of Wisconsin, Whitewater 12 18 5 7 42

University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh 24 26 17 16 83

Marian University 0 0 1 0 1

Ripon College 3 1 5 4 13

Saint Norbert College 6 3 2 4 15

University of Wisconsin, Green Bay 2 4 0 0 6

University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh 13 18 9 8 48

University of Wisconsin, Stevens 

Point 2 14 26 21 63

University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire 1 3 6 3 13

University of Wisconsin, River Falls 0 3 3 4 10

University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point 0 3 11 7 21

University of Wisconsin, Stout 1 5 6 7 19

Wyoming

University of Wyoming 48 27 19 12 106

University of Wyoming 48 27 19 12 106

Total 10,357 8,843 7,549 6,666 33,415

Source: GAO analysis of military service ROTC data.

a

The state or U.S. territory represents the location of the unit and may not represent the location of 

the school because some schools are not located in the same state of the unit with which they are 

affiliated.

b

Enrollment data for 1st-year cadets includes 29 students in 5- or 6-year academic programs or those 

who have a prearranged leave of absence. 

c

Enrollment data for 2nd-year, 3rd-year, and 4th-year cadets may include graduate school students.
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 95 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Table 8: Navy Enrollment by Year of Study as of November 2012

Statea Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th 

year Total

Alabama

Consortium: Auburn University; 

Tuskegee University 60 46 33 18 2 159

Auburn University 39 32 20 13 2 106

Tuskegee University 21 14 13 5 0 53

Arizona

Arizona State University 52 32 28 9 1 122

Arizona State University 52 32 28 9 1 122

University of Arizona 26 14 8 15 1 64

Pima County Community 

College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Arizona 26 14 8 15 1 64

California

Consortium: University of California, 

Los Angeles; University of Southern 

California 41 38 27 22 2 130

University of California, Los 

Angeles 25 22 14 9 0 70

University of Southern 

California 16 16 13 13 2 60

Consortium: University of San Diego; 

San Diego State University 38 34 27 26 3 128

California State University, San 

Marcos 1 1 0 1 0 3

Point Loma Nazarene 

University 11 2 3 7 1 24

San Diego State University 10 13 6 5 0 34

University of California, San 

Diego 4 5 1 3 0 13

University of San Diego 12 13 17 10 2 54

University of California, Berkeley 19 14 9 10 0 52

California Maritime Academy 6 4 2 1 0 13

Stanford University 2 0 1 2 0 5

University of California, 

Berkeley 5 6 6 1 0 18

University of California, Davis 6 4 0 6 0 16
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 96 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Statea Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th 

year Total

Colorado

University of Colorado 33 22 14 12 3 84

Regis University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Colorado 30 20 14 9 3 76

University of Colorado, Denver 2 2 0 1 0 5

University of Colorado, Health 

Sciences Center 1 0 0 2 0 3

Connecticut; 

Massachusetts

Consortium: Yale University; College of 

the Holy Cross 20 16 16 15 0 67

College of the Holy Cross 5 11 6 9 0 31

Worcester Polytechnic Institute 5 4 8 6 0 23

Worcester State University 0 0 2 0 0 2

Yale University 10 1 0 0 0 11

District of 

Columbia

George Washington University 34 31 18 38 0 121

Catholic University of America 3 2 1 3 0 9

George Washington University 19 17 11 22 0 69

Georgetown University 0 1 3 3 0 7

Howard University 10 1 1 1 0 13

University of Maryland, College 

Park 2 10 2 9 0 23

Florida

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 66 30 29 22 3 150

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical 

University 66 30 29 22 3 150

Florida A&M University 40 30 19 23 0 112

Florida A&M University 26 16 10 10 0 62

Florida State University 13 12 9 13 0 47

Tallahassee Community 

College 1 2 0 0 0 3

Jacksonville University 37 20 23 22 0 102

Florida State College, 

Jacksonville 3 0 0 0 0 3

Jacksonville University 24 11 22 21 0 78

University of North Florida 10 9 1 1 0 21

University of Florida 29 26 20 17 3 95
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 97 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Statea Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th 

year Total

University of Florida 29 26 20 17 3 95

University of South Florida 19 24 19 13 1 76

Clearwater Christian College 0 1 1 0 0 2

University of South Florida 17 16 14 12 1 60

University of Tampa 2 7 4 1 0 14

Georgia

Consortium: Georgia Institute of 

Technology; Morehouse College 34 23 20 25 4 106

Clark Atlanta University 2 3 0 0 0 5

Georgia Institute of Technology 18 11 9 8 4 50

Georgia State University 1 2 2 3 0 8

Morehouse College 11 5 7 9 0 32

Southern Polytechnic State 

University 0 1 0 4 0 5

Spelman College 2 1 2 1 0 6

Savannah State University 29 31 14 16 0 90

Armstrong Atlantic State 

University 2 3 3 1 0 9

Savannah State University 27 28 11 15 0 81

Idaho

University of Idaho 21 20 8 13 1 63

Intercollegiate Center for 

Nursing Education 0 0 0 2 0 2

Lewis-Clark State College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Idaho 11 9 5 8 0 33

Washington State University 10 11 3 3 1 28

Illinois

Consortium: Illinois Institute of 

Technology; Northwestern University 19 7 10 19 0 55

Illinois Institute of Technology 6 1 4 8 0 19

Kennedy King College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Loyola University 5 5 2 7 0 19

Northwestern University 3 1 4 3 0 11

University of Illinois, Chicago 5 0 0 1 0 6

University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign 32 17 8 9 0 66

Parkland College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign 32 17 8 9 0 66
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 98 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Statea Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th 

year Total

Indiana

Purdue University 34 31 14 25 5 109

Purdue University 34 31 14 25 5 109

University of Notre Dame 21 26 26 28 1 102

Indiana University, South Bend 0 0 0 0 0 0

Saint Mary's College 2 0 0 4 0 6

University of Notre Dame 19 26 26 24 1 96

Iowa

Iowa State University 15 14 6 14 1 50

Iowa State University 15 14 6 14 1 50

Kansas

University of Kansas 17 11 5 13 0 46

Baker University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Kansas 17 11 5 13 0 46

Washburn University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Louisiana

Southern University and A&M College 24 17 11 17 1 70

Baton Rouge Community 

College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Louisiana State University and 

A&M College 9 12 2 6 1 30

Southeastern Louisiana 

University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Southern University and A&M 

College 14 5 9 11 0 39

Tulane University 17 15 12 12 0 56

Dillard University 2 1 1 1 0 5

Loyola University, New Orleans 3 3 0 0 0 6

Tulane University 12 9 11 9 0 41

University of New Orleans 0 0 0 0 0 0

Xavier University of Louisiana 0 2 0 2 0 4

Maine

Maine Maritime Academy 8 9 6 11 0 34

Husson University 1 2 0 1 0 4

Maine Maritime Academy 5 3 2 6 0 16

University of Maine 2 4 4 4 0 14

Massachusetts

Consortium: Boston University; 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 40 23 30 26 0 119
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 99 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Statea Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th 

year Total

Boston College 7 2 3 4 0 16

Boston University 15 11 16 12 0 54

Harvard University 7 1 3 2 0 13

Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology 8 7 6 6 0 27

Northeastern University 1 0 1 2 0 4

Tufts University 2 2 1 0 0 5

Michigan

University of Michigan 34 21 25 19 3 102

Eastern Michigan University 6 10 3 2 0 21

University of Michigan 28 11 22 17 3 81

Minnesota

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 19 8 4 16 0 47

Macalester College 0 0 0 1 0 1

University of Minnesota, Twin 

Cities 14 7 3 6 0 30

University of Saint Thomas 5 1 1 9 0 16

Mississippi; 

Tennessee

Consortium: University of Mississippi; 

University of Memphis 32 20 12 19 0 83

Christian Brothers University 2 2 0 3 0 7

University of Memphis 12 7 5 11 0 35

University of Mississippi 18 11 7 5 0 41

Missouri

University of Missouri, Columbia 22 17 14 14 2 69

Columbia College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Missouri, 

Columbia 22 17 14 14 2 69

Nebraska

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 19 6 8 13 1 47

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 19 6 8 13 1 47

New Jersey

Rutgers University 11 0 0 0 0 11

Rutgers University 11 0 0 0 0 11

New Mexico

University of New Mexico 28 15 12 11 0 66

Central New Mexico 

Community College 0 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 100 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Statea Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th 

year Total

University of New Mexico 28 15 12 11 0 66

New York

Cornell University 4 7 7 5 0 23

Cornell University 4 7 7 5 0 23

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 35 21 20 18 0 94

Rensselaer Polytechnic 

Institute 33 21 19 17 0 90

Russell Sage College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Union College 2 0 1 1 0 4

State University of New York, Maritime 

College 32 26 14 21 0 93

Columbia University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Fordham University 7 7 5 6 0 25

Molloy College 0 0 0 0 0 0

State University of New York, 

Maritime College 24 19 9 15 0 67

University of Rochester 28 11 13 18 0 70

Rochester Institute of 

Technology 16 4 6 7 0 33

Saint John Fisher College 1 0 0 0 0 1

State University of New York 

College, Brockport 3 2 1 0 0 6

University of Rochester 8 5 6 11 0 30

North Carolina

Consortium: Duke University; North 

Carolina State University; University of 

North Carolina, Chapel Hill 45 44 31 38 1 159

Duke University 12 6 5 9 0 32

North Carolina State University 24 29 18 21 1 93

University of North Carolina, 

Chapel Hill 9 9 8 8 0 34

Ohio

Miami University 20 9 15 14 3 61

Miami University 20 9 15 14 3 61

Ohio State University 13 21 14 20 4 72

Ohio State University 13 21 14 20 4 72

Oklahoma

University of Oklahoma 21 19 18 11 2 71

University of Oklahoma 21 19 18 11 2 71
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 101 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Statea Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th 

year Total

Oregon

Oregon State University 28 23 16 21 1 89

Oregon State University 28 23 16 21 1 89

Pennsylvania

Carnegie Mellon University 19 19 16 21 0 75

Carnegie Mellon University 4 4 4 7 0 19

Duquesne University 4 5 5 9 0 23

University of Pittsburgh 11 10 7 5 0 33

Consortium: University of 

Pennsylvania; Villanova University 34 51 31 52 0 168

Drexel University 7 10 5 22 0 44

Temple University 1 1 1 4 0 7

University of Pennsylvania 1 10 6 2 0 19

Villanova University 25 30 19 24 0 98

Pennsylvania State University 27 43 33 31 0 134

Pennsylvania State University 27 43 33 31 0 134

South Carolina

The Citadel 47 83 58 48 0 236

Medical University of South 

Carolina 0 0 0 0 0 0

The Citadel 47 83 58 48 0 236

University of South Carolina 31 18 16 15 0 80

Allen University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Midlands Technical College 0 0 1 0 0 1

University of South Carolina 30 18 15 15 0 78

Tennessee

Vanderbilt University 14 3 12 9 0 38

Belmont University 1 0 0 1 0 2

Tennessee State University 6 1 3 2 0 12

Vanderbilt University 7 2 9 6 0 24

Texas

Consortium: Prairie View A&M 

University; Rice University 24 20 21 20 2 87

Houston Baptist University 0 0 0 1 1 2

Prairie View A&M University 14 13 12 16 1 56

Rice University 5 0 4 0 0 9

Texas Southern University

1 0 2 1 0 4
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 102 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Statea Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th 

year Total

University of Houston 4 7 3 2 0 16

Texas A&M University 253 178 27 24 3 485

Texas A&M University 224 169 24 23 3 443

Texas A&M University, 

Galveston 29 9 3 1 0 42

University of Texas, Austin 28 16 7 14 0 65

Huston-Tillotson University 10 4 2 4 0 20

University of Texas, Austin 18 12 5 10 0 45

Utah

University of Utah 10 6 4 10 0 30

University of Utah 6 2 0 6 0 14

Weber State University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Westminster College 4 4 4 4 0 16

Vermont

Norwich University 25 30 27 35 0 117

Norwich University 25 30 27 35 0 117

Virginia

Consortium: Hampton University; 

Norfolk State University; Old Dominion 

University 85 49 24 52 0 210

Hampton University 20 12 0 11 0 43

Norfolk State University 18 3 3 3 0 27

Old Dominion University 45 34 21 38 0 138

Tidewater Community College 2 0 0 0 0 2

University of Virginia 20 20 12 11 0 63

University of Virginia 20 20 12 11 0 63

Virginia Military Institute 166 99 55 45 0 365

Mary Baldwin College 11 1 4 0 0 16

Virginia Military Institute 155 98 51 45 0 349

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 

University 78 50 38 36 10 212

Radford University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Virginia Polytechnic Institute 

and State University 78 50 38 36 10 212

Washington

University of Washington 28 16 15 17 0 76

Seattle University 2 1 0 2 0 5

University of Washington 26 15 15 15 0 71

Wisconsin
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 103 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Statea Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th 

year Total

Marquette University 25 20 14 23 0 82

Marquette University 23 18 13 21 0 75

Milwaukee School of 

Engineering 1 1 1 1 0 4

University of Wisconsin, 

Milwaukee 1 1 0 1 0 3

University of Wisconsin, Madison 18 12 8 18 2 58

University of Wisconsin, 

Madison 18 12 8 18 2 58

Total 2,148 1,622 1,101 1,229 66 6,166

Source: GAO analysis of military service ROTC data.

a

The state represents the location of the unit and may not represent the location of the school 

because some schools are not located in the same state of the unit with which they are affiliated.

Table 9: Air Force Enrollment by Year of Study as of December 2012

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Alabama

Alabama State 

University 38 23 12 8 0 81

Alabama State University 30 15 8 4 0 57

Auburn University, Montgomery 3 4 2 3 0 12

Faulkner University 1 0 1 1 0 3

Huntingdon College 3 1 1 0 0 5

Troy State University, Montgomery 1 3 0 0 0 4

Auburn University 41 35 20 23 13 132

Auburn University 37 35 20 23 13 128

Southern Union State Community College 4 0 0 0 0 4

Samford University 13 18 13 7 1 52

Birmingham-Southern College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Jefferson State Community College 5 0 0 0 0 5

Samford University 1 4 6 4 1 16

University of Alabama, Birmingham 6 13 7 3 0 29

University of Montevallo 1 0 0 0 0 1

Troy University 0 0 21 7 2 30

Troy University 0 0 21 7 2 30
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 104 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Tuskegee 

University 25 10 5 12 5 57

Tuskegee University 25 10 5 12 5 57

University of 

Alabama 48 28 22 15 5 118

Marion Military Institute 5 0 0 0 0 5

Shelton State Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Alabama 43 26 22 15 5 111

University of West Alabama 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of South 

Alabama 58 43 36 15 1 153

University of Mobile 2 0 0 0 0 2

University of South Alabama 22 10 13 5 1 51

University of West Florida 34 33 23 10 0 100

Alaska

University of 

Alaska, Anchorage 12 11 11 11 0 45

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Arizona 0 0 1 1 0 2

University of Alaska, Anchorage 12 11 10 10 0 43

Wayland Baptist University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Arizona

Arizona State 

University 57 35 22 28 6 148

Antelope Valley College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Arizona State University 55 30 20 26 4 135

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Arizona 0 0 0 0 0 0

Glendale Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Grand Canyon University 0 0 1 1 2 4

Mesa Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Paradise Valley Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Park University 0 0 0 1 0 1

Phoenix College 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Arizona 1 0 0 0 0 1

Yavapai College 0 0 1 0 0 1

Embry-Riddle 

Aeronautical 

University, Arizona 80 62 41 21 17 221

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Arizona 80 62 40 21 17 220
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 105 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Ohio State University 0 0 1 0 0 1

Northern Arizona 

University 39 31 22 13 5 110

Northern Arizona University 39 31 22 13 5 110

University of 

Arizona 36 29 18 10 3 96

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Arizona 0 0 0 0 0 0

Park University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pima County Community College 5 3 0 0 0 8

University of Arizona 31 26 17 10 3 87

Wayland Baptist University 0 0 1 0 0 1

Arkansas

University of 

Arkansas 30 24 7 9 4 74

John Brown University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Arkansas 29 24 7 9 4 73

University Of Arkansas, Fort Smith 1 0 0 0 0 1

California

California State 

University, Fresno 28 23 23 9 2 85

California State University, Fresno 25 19 23 9 2 78

Fresno City College 3 4 0 0 0 7

California State 

University, 

Sacramento 43 32 36 15 3 129

American River College 2 3 1 0 0 6

California State University, Sacramento 28 19 25 11 2 85

Cosumnes River College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 1 2 0 3

Folsom Lake College 1 1 1 0 0 3

Pacific Union College 0 1 1 0 0 2

Sacramento City College 0 1 0 0 0 1

San Joaquin Delta College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Sierra College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Solano Community College 1 0 2 0 0 3

University of California, Davis 7 3 3 2 1 16

University of the Pacific 1 1 1 0 0 3

Yuba College 0 1 1 0 0 2
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 106 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

California State 

University, San 

Bernardino 32 34 14 8 2 90

California Baptist University 3 4 2 1 0 10

California State Polytechnic University, 

Pomona 0 3 1 3 2 9

California State University, Fullerton 1 0 0 0 0 1

California State University, San Bernardino 18 15 9 2 0 44

Crafton Hills College 1 2 0 0 0 3

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Arizona 0 0 1 1 0 2

Mount San Antonio College 2 0 0 0 0 2

Mount San Jacinto College 1 1 1 0 0 3

Riverside City College 1 1 0 0 0 2

San Bernardino Valley College 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of California, Riverside 3 5 0 1 0 9

University of La Verne 1 1 0 0 0 2

Victor Valley College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Loyola Marymount 

University 27 31 13 11 4 86

Biola University 1 0 0 0 0 1

California Baptist University 0 1 0 0 0 1

California Lutheran University 0 0 0 0 0 0

California State Polytechnic University, 

Pomona 0 1 0 0 0 1

California State University, Dominguez Hills 0 0 0 0 0 0

California State University, Fullerton 2 2 3 1 1 9

California State University, Long Beach 5 8 3 2 2 20

California State University, Los Angeles 0 2 0 0 0 2

California State University, Northridge 2 0 0 0 0 2

Cypress College 1 1 0 0 0 2

El Camino College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Arizona 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fullerton College 3 0 0 0 0 3

Los Angeles Pierce College 0 2 0 0 0 2

Loyola Marymount University 3 3 3 6 0 15

Marymount College, Palos Verdes 0 1 0 0 0 1

Master's College 0 1 1 1 0 3

Moorpark College 1 0 0 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 107 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Mount Saint Mary's College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Mount San Antonio College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Mount San Jacinto College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Orange Coast College 4 1 1 0 0 6

Pepperdine University 0 1 1 0 0 2

Santa Monica College 2 1 0 0 0 3

University of California, Irvine 0 4 1 1 1 7

University of California, Los Angeles 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of California, Riverside 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Phoenix 0 0 0 0 0 0

Westmont College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Whittier College 0 0 0 0 0 0

San Diego State 

University 61 44 23 15 8 151

California State University, San Marcos 1 2 2 1 0 6

Grossmont College 1 1 1 0 0 3

MiraCosta College 1 0 0 0 0 1

National University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Palomar College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Point Loma Nazarene University 2 1 1 0 1 5

San Diego Christian College 0 1 0 0 0 1

San Diego City College 1 1 0 0 0 2

San Diego Mesa College 3 4 0 0 0 7

San Diego Miramar College 1 1 0 0 0 2

San Diego State University 37 24 17 10 6 94

Southwestern College 3 1 0 0 0 4

University of California, San Diego 9 6 2 4 1 22

University of San Diego 1 1 0 0 0 2

San Jose State 

University 44 20 23 4 2 93

De Anza College 2 0 0 0 0 2

Diablo Valley College 0 0 1 0 0 1

Foothill College 2 0 0 0 0 2

Menlo College 0 0 0 0 0 0

San Jose State University 37 17 21 3 2 80

Santa Clara University 1 2 1 0 0 4

Stanford University 0 0 0 1 0 1

University of California, Santa Cruz 1 0 0 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 108 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

West Valley College 1 1 0 0 0 2

University of 

California, Berkeley 16 17 7 9 0 49

Berkeley City College 1 0 0 0 0 1

California Maritime Academy 1 2 0 0 0 3

California State University, East Bay 0 0 0 1 0 1

Chabot College 1 1 1 0 0 3

City College of San Francisco 1 1 0 0 0 2

College of San Mateo 0 1 0 0 0 1

Diablo Valley College 3 0 1 0 0 4

Dominican University of California 0 1 0 0 0 1

Las Positas College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Notre Dame de Namur University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Saint Mary's College of California 0 0 1 0 0 1

San Francisco State University 2 2 2 2 0 8

Santa Rosa Junior College 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of California, Berkeley 6 6 2 5 0 19

University of California, Davis 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of San Francisco 0 1 0 1 0 2

University of 

California, Los 

Angeles 29 30 25 12 0 96

California Lutheran University 0 0 1 0 0 1

California Polytechnic State University 1 0 0 0 0 1

California State Polytechnic University, 

Pomona 0 2 1 0 0 3

California State University, Dominguez Hills 0 0 1 0 0 1

California State University, Fullerton 1 0 0 1 0 2

California State University, Long Beach 0 0 2 0 0 2

California State University, Los Angeles 1 0 0 0 0 1

California State University, Northridge 3 1 1 1 0 6

Fullerton College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Los Angeles Pierce College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Los Angeles Valley College 1 1 1 0 0 3

Mount San Antonio College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Orange Coast College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Pepperdine University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rio Hondo College 0 0 1 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 109 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Santa Monica College 3 2 0 0 0 5

University of California, Irvine 5 6 5 2 0 18

University of California, Los Angeles 9 11 11 7 0 38

University of California, Riverside 1 0 0 0 0 1

University of California, Santa Barbara 2 3 1 1 0 7

University of 

Southern California 18 27 15 11 4 75

Azusa Pacific University 1 5 2 0 0 8

Biola University 1 0 1 0 0 2

California State Polytechnic University, 

Pomona 1 4 3 1 1 10

California State University, Dominguez Hills 0 0 0 0 0 0

California State University, Fullerton 0 0 1 1 0 2

California State University, Long Beach 2 4 1 0 0 7

California State University, Los Angeles 1 1 2 0 1 5

California State University, Northridge 0 0 0 0 0 0

Claremont McKenna College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Glendale Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Golden West College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Long Beach City College 0 2 0 0 0 2

Los Angeles Valley College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Mount San Jacinto College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Pasadena City College 1 3 0 0 0 4

Rio Hondo College 2 1 1 0 0 4

Saddleback College 1 2 0 0 0 3

University of California, Irvine 0 0 0 1 0 1

University of Southern California 6 2 4 8 2 22

Ventura College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Colorado

Colorado State 

University 69 49 33 24 3 178

Aims Community College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Colorado State University 69 44 31 20 3 167

University of Northern Colorado 0 5 2 4 0 11

University of 

Colorado 87 45 37 37 9 215

Colorado Christian University 2 0 1 0 0 3

Colorado School of Mines 11 7 4 6 3 31
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 110 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Colorado Technical University 0 0 1 1 1 3

Front Range Community College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Metropolitan State College of Denver 8 7 4 3 0 22

Regis University 3 1 0 0 0 4

University of Colorado 46 18 23 16 4 107

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs 11 9 3 5 1 29

University of Colorado, Denver 1 0 0 3 0 4

University of Denver 4 3 1 3 0 11

Connecticut

University of 

Connecticut 20 14 13 14 1 62

Central Connecticut State University 3 3 0 4 0 10

Eastern Connecticut State University 2 0 1 1 0 4

Quinnipiac University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sacred Heart University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trinity College 2 0 0 0 0 2

University of Connecticut 12 11 11 9 1 44

University of Hartford 1 0 1 0 0 2

Yale University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Yale University 16 9 5 0 0 30

Quinnipiac University 1 1 0 0 0 2

Southern Connecticut State University 1 2 2 0 0 5

University of New Haven 6 4 1 0 0 11

Western Connecticut State University 2 1 1 0 0 4

Yale University 6 1 1 0 0 8

Delaware

University of 

Delaware 19 32 12 12 1 76

Delaware State University 2 6 1 2 0 11

Delaware Technical and Community College 2 0 0 0 0 2

Lincoln University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Salisbury State University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Delaware 15 25 9 10 1 60

Wilmington University 0 1 2 0 0 3

District of 

Columbia

Howard University 14 19 15 7 2 57

American University 2 6 2 1 0 11
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 111 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Catholic University of America 2 0 1 0 0 3

George Washington University 0 3 2 3 0 8

Georgetown University 0 1 1 0 0 2

Howard University 9 7 7 2 2 27

Marymount University 0 2 1 1 0 4

Trinity University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of the District of Columbia 1 0 1 0 0 2

Florida

Embry-Riddle 

Aeronautical 

University 177 53 34 32 16 312

Bethune-Cookman University 0 2 0 0 0 2

Daytona State College 0 1 0 1 0 2

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 176 50 33 31 16 306

Student has not selected a school 1 0 0 0 0 1

University of Central Florida 0 0 1 0 0 1

Florida State 

University 29 36 22 14 1 102

Florida A&M University 0 3 0 0 0 3

Florida State University 24 29 22 14 1 90

Tallahassee Community College 5 4 0 0 0 9

University of 

Central Florida 47 73 46 25 2 193

Brevard Community College 4 5 1 0 0 10

Seminole State College Of Florida 2 0 0 0 0 2

University of Central Florida 36 63 43 25 2 169

Valencia Community College 5 5 2 0 0 12

University of Florida 52 35 29 18 6 140

Santa Fe College 20 7 3 0 0 30

University of Florida 32 28 26 18 6 110

University of Miami 29 32 11 10 2 84

Barry University 3 0 0 0 0 3

Broward College 3 4 1 0 0 8

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Florida Atlantic University 2 2 0 0 0 4

Florida International University 2 10 5 5 0 22

Florida Memorial University 7 4 3 0 0 14

Georgia Institute of Technology 0 1 0 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 112 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Lynn University 0 1 0 0 0 1

Miami Dade College, Kendall Campus 7 4 0 0 0 11

University of Miami 5 6 2 5 2 20

University of South 

Florida 39 31 22 15 4 111

Clearwater Christian College 1 0 1 2 0 4

Eckerd College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 1 0 0 1

Florida Southern College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Hillsborough Community College 1 5 0 0 0 6

Saint Leo University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Saint Petersburg College 0 1 0 1 0 2

South University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Southeastern University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Troy University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of South Florida 33 21 17 9 4 84

University of Tampa 3 3 3 3 0 12

Georgia

Georgia Institute of 

Technology 37 28 19 14 5 103

Clark Atlanta University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clayton State University 0 1 1 0 0 2

Emory University 0 0 0 2 0 2

Georgia Institute of Technology 23 9 13 8 4 57

Georgia State University 5 8 0 1 1 15

Kennesaw State University 6 5 2 1 0 14

Morehouse College 0 0 1 1 0 2

Southern Polytechnic State University 3 5 1 1 0 10

Spelman College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of West Georgia 0 0 1 0 0 1

University of 

Georgia 16 22 15 11 1 65

Gainesville State College 1 2 0 0 0 3

University of Georgia 15 20 15 11 1 62

Valdosta State 

University 44 27 17 12 2 102

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 2 0 1 0 0 3

Georgia Military College 1 0 0 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 113 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Park University 0 0 1 0 0 1

Valdosta State University 41 27 15 12 2 97

Hawaii

University of 

Hawaii, Manoa 24 32 20 8 3 87

Chaminade University of Honolulu 1 2 3 0 0 6

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hawaii Pacific University 1 2 1 2 0 6

Kapiolani Community College 2 3 0 0 0 5

Leeward Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

North Carolina A&T State University 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Hawaii, Manoa 20 22 15 6 3 66

University of Hawaii, West Oahu 0 1 1 0 0 2

Illinois

Illinois Institute of 

Technology 23 16 9 12 8 68

Chicago State University 0 1 0 0 0 1

College of DuPage 2 0 0 0 0 2

DePaul University 0 0 0 1 1 2

Illinois Institute of Technology 4 2 1 4 6 17

Lewis University 3 0 1 0 0 4

Loyola University 3 3 1 0 0 7

Northeastern Illinois University 2 1 0 0 0 3

Northern Illinois University 6 2 1 3 0 12

Northwestern University 0 0 2 0 0 2

Saint Xavier University 0 1 1 0 0 2

University of Chicago 1 1 0 2 0 4

University of Illinois, Chicago 2 5 2 1 1 11

Wheaton College 0 0 0 1 0 1

Southern Illinois 

University, 

Carbondale 41 32 25 13 2 113

Logan College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Southeast Missouri State University 9 7 6 3 0 25

Southeastern Illinois College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 32 23 19 10 2 86

University of Illinois, 

Urbana-Champaign 24 21 22 11 4 82

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Arizona 0 0 0 1 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 114 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Parkland College 1 0 0 0 0 1

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 23 21 22 10 4 80

Indiana

Indiana State 

University 30 16 17 10 0 73

Indiana State University 22 13 11 6 0 52

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 7 3 6 4 0 20

Vincennes University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Indiana University 18 15 14 14 0 61

Butler University 1 0 0 0 0 1

DePauw University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Indiana University 16 14 14 13 0 57

Indiana University-Purdue University, 

Indianapolis 0 1 0 1 0 2

Purdue University 51 38 38 24 11 162

Indiana University 1 1 0 0 0 2

Purdue University 50 37 38 24 11 160

University of Notre 

Dame 20 17 13 16 2 68

Bethel College 0 3 0 1 0 4

Indiana University, South Bend 1 1 2 0 0 4

Saint Mary's College 2 1 0 1 0 4

Trine University 5 2 3 1 1 12

University of Notre Dame 9 5 6 9 0 29

Valparaiso University 3 5 2 4 1 15

Iowa

Iowa State 

University 41 27 14 12 6 100

Des Moines Area Community College 2 0 0 0 0 2

Drake University 1 1 0 0 0 2

Grand View University 0 1 0 0 0 1

Iowa State University 38 25 14 12 6 95

University of Iowa 12 20 11 6 1 50

Coe College 1 3 1 0 0 5

University of Iowa 11 17 10 6 1 45

Kansas

Kansas State 

University 30 15 15 12 3 75
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 115 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Kansas State University 30 15 15 12 3 75

Saint Louis University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Kansas 0 0 0 0 0 0

Washburn University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of 

Kansas 25 17 16 12 1 71

Baker University 0 0 0 1 0 1

Benedictine College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 1 0 0 0 1

Haskell Indian Nations University 0 0 0 0 0 0

MidAmerica Nazarene University 0 0 1 0 0 1

Saint Louis University 0 0 1 0 0 1

University of Kansas 23 15 13 11 1 63

Washburn University 1 0 1 0 0 2

Kentucky

University of 

Kentucky 46 21 19 19 5 110

Asbury College 0 0 1 0 1 2

Bluegrass Community and Technical College 2 0 0 0 0 2

Centre College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Eastern Kentucky University 4 3 0 2 0 9

Georgetown College 0 0 0 2 0 2

Kentucky State University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transylvania University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Kentucky 40 18 18 15 4 95

University of 

Louisville 15 12 12 11 4 54

Bellarmine University 0 0 1 0 0 1

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Indiana University, Southeast 1 0 0 0 0 1

University of Louisville 14 12 11 11 4 52

Louisiana

Louisiana State 

University and A&M 

College 27 12 15 12 5 71

Louisiana State University and A&M College 27 12 15 12 5 71

Southern University and A&M College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Louisiana Tech 

University 18 24 4 6 1 53
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 116 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Grambling State University 1 3 0 1 0 5

Louisiana Tech University 17 20 4 3 1 45

Northwestern State University 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Louisiana, Monroe 0 0 0 2 0 2

Tulane University 4 6 4 3 1 18

Loyola University, New Orleans 1 1 1 0 0 3

Tulane University 1 0 0 1 0 2

University of New Orleans 0 4 2 2 1 9

Xavier University of Louisiana 2 1 1 0 0 4

Maryland

University of 

Maryland, College

Park 34 37 30 22 1 124

Anne Arundel Community College 4 4 1 0 0 9

Bowie State University 0 3 0 0 0 3

Catholic University of America 0 0 1 0 0 1

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Frederick Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

George Mason University 7 4 6 3 0 20

Johns Hopkins University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Loyola University, Maryland 0 0 0 0 0 0

Montgomery College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Northern Virginia Community College 5 2 0 0 0 7

Prince George's Community College 3 1 0 0 0 4

Shepherd University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Towson University 2 3 1 0 0 6

University of Maryland, Baltimore 0 0 4 1 0 5

University of Maryland, Baltimore County 3 2 0 0 1 6

University of Maryland, College Park 8 16 16 16 0 56

University of Maryland, University College 1 0 1 2 0 4

Massachusetts

Boston University 23 12 14 8 2 59

Boston College 1 2 0 0 0 3

Boston University 14 5 8 6 0 33

Brandeis University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bridgewater State College 3 2 0 0 0 5

Emmanuel College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Northeastern University 2 1 3 2 1 9
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 117 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Simmons College 0 0 1 0 0 1

University of Massachusetts, Boston 1 1 0 0 1 3

Wentworth Institute of Technology 2 0 2 0 0 4

Massachusetts 

Institute of 

Technology 16 3 9 8 0 36

Harvard University 1 1 1 1 0 4

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 13 2 4 6 0 25

Salem State University 2 0 0 0 0 2

Tufts University 0 0 3 0 0 3

Wellesley College 0 0 1 1 0 2

University of 

Massachusetts, 

Amherst 15 17 12 8 0 52

American International College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Amherst College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Elms College 0 1 2 0 0 3

Holyoke Community College 2 0 0 0 0 2

Mount Holyoke College 0 1 1 1 0 3

Springfield College 0 0 1 0 0 1

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 8 10 5 6 0 29

Western New England University 5 3 3 1 0 12

Westfield State College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of 

Massachusetts, 

Lowell 18 11 9 7 0 45

Daniel Webster College 4 5 3 3 0 15

Middlesex Community College 2 0 0 0 0 2

University of Massachusetts, Lowell 12 6 6 4 0 28

Worcester 

Polytechnic Institute 23 13 7 11 0 54

Assumption College 1 0 1 1 0 3

Becker Community College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Clark University 0 1 0 0 0 1

College of the Holy Cross 4 0 0 0 0 4

Quinsigamond Community College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Worcester Polytechnic Institute 12 10 6 8 0 36

Worcester State University 4 2 0 2 0 8

Michigan
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 118 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Michigan State 

University 64 41 22 20 5 152

Central Michigan University 1 4 0 0 0 5

Hope College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Lansing Community College 3 2 0 0 0 5

Michigan State University 28 27 11 12 3 81

Olivet College 0 0 0 1 0 1

Western Michigan University 31 8 11 7 2 59

Michigan 

Technological 

University 25 20 23 16 11 95

Michigan Technological University 25 20 23 15 11 94

Syracuse University 0 0 0 1 0 1

University of 

Michigan 34 21 20 17 5 97

Eastern Michigan University 10 5 5 1 0 21

Lawrence Technological University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Oakland University 0 0 2 1 0 3

Spring Arbor University 1 0 0 0 0 1

University of Michigan 16 13 12 15 5 61

University of Michigan, Dearborn 3 1 1 0 0 5

University of Michigan, Flint 2 2 0 0 0 4

Wayne State University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Minnesota

University of 

Minnesota, Duluth 20 21 10 9 2 62

College of Saint Scholastica 1 0 0 1 0 2

Lake Superior College 1 1 0 0 0 2

University of Minnesota, Duluth 18 19 10 8 2 57

University of Wisconsin, Madison 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Wisconsin, Superior 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of 

Minnesota, Twin 

Cities 28 13 11 11 3 66

Normandale Community College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 28 13 11 11 3 66

University of Saint 

Thomas 26 24 15 19 4 88

Anoka-Ramsey Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 119 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Augsburg College 0 0 1 0 0 1

Bethel University 1 3 0 0 0 4

Hamline University 0 2 0 0 0 2

Inver Hills Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Macalester College 0 0 1 0 0 1

Normandale Community College 3 0 0 0 0 3

Northwestern College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Saint Thomas 22 16 13 19 4 74

University of Wisconsin, Stout 0 1 0 0 0 1

William Mitchell College of Law 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mississippi

Jackson State 

University 3 5 1 2 1 12

Belhaven University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hinds Community College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Jackson State University 2 4 1 2 1 10

Millsaps College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Mississippi College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of North Texas 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mississippi State 

University 27 22 13 8 4 74

Mississippi State University 27 22 13 6 4 72

Mississippi University for Women 0 0 0 2 0 2

University of 

Mississippi 14 10 2 4 0 30

University of Mississippi 14 10 2 4 0 30

University of 

Southern 

Mississippi 19 9 8 4 0 40

University of Southern Mississippi 19 9 8 4 0 40

William Carey University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missouri

Missouri University 

Of Science & 

Technology 34 17 12 4 12 79

Missouri University Of Science & Technology 34 17 12 4 12 79

Saint Louis 

University 38 23 14 15 0 90

Harris-Stowe State University 1 0 0 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 120 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Lindenwood University 3 0 0 0 0 3

McKendree University 1 1 1 0 0 3

Saint Louis University 8 9 3 6 0 26

Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville 17 9 8 4 0 38

Southwestern Illinois College

4 0 0 0 0 4

University of Missouri, Saint Louis 2 2 1 2 0 7

Washington University 1 2 1 3 0 7

Webster University 1 0 0 0 0 1

University of 

Missouri, Columbia 35 31 20 11 5 102

Central Methodist University 1 1 1 0 0 3

Columbia College 3 2 1 2 0 8

University of Central Missouri 5 5 2 1 0 13

University of Missouri, Columbia 26 23 16 8 5 78

Montana

Montana State 

University 32 25 9 7 4 77

Montana State University 32 25 9 7 4 77

Nebraska

University of 

Nebraska, Lincoln 16 16 14 14 3 63

Doane College 1 0 1 0 0 2

Nebraska Wesleyan University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 15 16 13 14 3 61

University of Texas, Arlington 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of 

Nebraska, Omaha 17 17 17 13 0 64

Bellevue University 0 0 1 1 0 2

Clarkson College 0 0 0 0 0 0

College of Saint Mary 1 0 0 0 0 1

Creighton University 4 4 4 5 0 17

Grace University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Nebraska Methodist College 3 0 3 0 0 6

University of Nebraska, Medical Center 0 0 5 0 0 5

University of Nebraska, Omaha 8 13 4 7 0 32

Nevada

University of 

Nevada, Las Vegas 16 18 15 13 1 63
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 121 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Community College of Southern Nevada 2 4 0 0 0 6

University of Nevada, Las Vegas 14 14 15 13 1 57

New Hampshire

University of New 

Hampshire 12 17 10 12 1 52

New England College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Saint Anselm College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Southern New Hampshire University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of New Hampshire 12 16 10 12 1 51

New Jersey

New Jersey 

Institute of 

Technology 13 23 13 16 0 65

Drew University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Essex County College 0 3 0 0 0 3

Fairleigh Dickinson University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Kean University 0 1 2 1 0 4

Montclair State University 1 3 0 3 0 7

New Jersey City University 0 2 1 0 0 3

New Jersey Institute of Technology 5 5 5 6 0 21

Ramapo College of New Jersey 0 1 0 0 0 1

Rutgers University, Newark 2 1 2 0 0 5

Saint Peter's University 0 2 1 0 0 3

Seton Hall University 2 3 0 1 0 6

Stevens Institute of Technology 3 1 2 3 0 9

William Paterson University 0 1 0 2 0 3

Rutgers University 19 19 8 11 2 59

Brookdale Community College 0 3 0 0 0 3

College of New Jersey 0 0 0 0 0 0

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Arizona 0 0 0 0 0 0

Monmouth University 1 0 0 1 0 2

Princeton University 0 1 0 0 0 1

Raritan Valley Community College 2 0 0 0 0 2

Rutgers University 16 15 8 10 2 51

New Mexico

New Mexico State 

University 28 31 10 8 2 79

New Mexico State University 23 26 9 5 2 65
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 122 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

University of Texas, El Paso 5 5 1 3 0 14

University of New 

Mexico 24 24 15 4 0 67

Central New Mexico Community College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0 0

New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology 2 0 0 0 0 2

University of New Mexico 21 24 15 4 0 64

Wayland Baptist University 0 0 0 0 0 0

New York

Clarkson University 29 31 6 9 3 78

Clarkson University 17 22 5 7 3 54

Saint Lawrence University 1 1 0 0 0 2

State University of New York, College of 

Technology, Canton 3 3 0 0 0 6

State University of New York, Potsdam 8 5 1 2 0 16

Cornell University 9 8 8 8 0 33

Cornell University 5 2 2 6 0 15

Elmira College 2 2 1 1 0 6

Ithaca College 0 1 4 0 0 5

State University of New York, Binghamton 

University 1 2 1 1 0 5

State University of New York, Cortland 1 1 0 0 0 2

Manhattan College 13 29 22 8 1 73

Barnard College 0 1 0 0 0 1

City University of New York City, City College 0 2 0 0 1 3

City University of New York, Bernard Baruch 

College 0 2 1 0 0 3

City University of New York, Hunter College 0 1 0 0 0 1

City University of New York, John Jay College 

of Criminal Justice 0 5 0 0 0 5

City University of New York, Lehman College 0 0 0 0 0 0

City University of New York, Queens College 0 2 1 0 0 3

College Of Mount Saint Vincent 1 0 0 3 0 4

Columbia University 0 1 0 2 0 3

Fordham University 0 1 0 1 0 2

Hofstra University 0 0 1 0 0 1

Iona College 0 2 0 0 0 2

Long Island University, C. W. Post 0 0 0 0 0 0

Manhattan College 5 3 6 0 0 14
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 123 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Mercy College 0 0 0 0 0 0

New York Institute of Technology 0 0 0 0 0 0

New York Law School 0 0 0 0 0 0

New York University 1 2 0 1 0 4

Pace University 0 0 1 0 0 1

Polytechnic University 1 2 1 0 0 4

Saint John's University 1 0 0 0 0 1

State University of New York, Farmingdale 0 2 1 0 0 3

State University of New York, Stony Brook 1 2 0 0 0 3

United States Merchant Marine Academy 0 0 9 0 0 9

Vaughn College of Aeronautics 3 1 1 1 0 6

Rensselaer 

Polytechnic Institute 12 14 11 13 0 50

Empire State College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 8 8 5 10 0 31

Russell Sage College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Siena College 0 3 1 0 0 4

State University of New York, Albany 4 3 5 2 0 14

Union College 0 0 0 1 0 1

Rochester Institute 

of Technology 27 20 9 16 0 72

Monroe Community College 2 2 0 0 0 4

Nazareth College of Rochester 1 0 0 0 0 1

Roberts Wesleyan College 0 0 0 1 0 1

Rochester Institute of Technology 22 16 8 12 0 58

Saint John Fisher College 0 0 0 0 0 0

State University of New York College, 

Brockport 1 2 1 3 0 7

State University of New York, Geneseo 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Rochester 1 0 0 0 0 1

Syracuse University 15 13 23 8 0 59

Hamilton College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Le Moyne College 0 1 1 3 0 5

Norwich University 0 0 1 0 0 1

State University of New York, College of 

Environmental Science and Forestry 0 1 0 0 0 1

State University of New York, Institute of 

Technology 0 0 0 1 0 1

State University of New York, Oswego 1 1 4 2 0 8
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 124 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Syracuse University 14 10 16 2 0 42

Utica College 0 0 1 0 0 1

North Carolina

Duke University 5 6 6 5 0 22

Duke University 4 1 1 5 0 11

North Carolina Central University 1 5 5 0 0 11

East Carolina 

University 41 30 14 12 3 100

East Carolina University 41 29 14 12 3 99

Fayetteville State University 0 1 0 0 0 1

Mount Olive College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 0 0 0 0 0 0

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 

University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fayetteville State 

University 22 34 10 8 0 74

Fayetteville State University 17 29 6 4 0 56

Methodist University 1 0 1 0 0 2

University of North Carolina, Pembroke 4 5 3 4 0 16

Wingate University 0 0 0 0 0 0

North Carolina A&T 

State University 24 29 15 10 2 80

Bennett College 0 2 0 0 0 2

Elon University 1 1 1 1 0 4

Greensboro College 1 0 1 0 0 2

Guilford College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Guilford Technical Community College 1 1 0 0 0 2

High Point University 0 0 2 1 0 3

North Carolina A&T State University 15 16 8 4 1 44

University of North Carolina, Greensboro 5 7 3 4 0 19

Winston-Salem State University 1 1 0 0 1 3

Worcester Polytechnic Institute 0 1 0 0 0 1

North Carolina 

State University 22 28 16 13 9 88

Clemson University 0 0 0 0 0 0

North Carolina State University 22 28 15 13 9 87

Shaw University 0 0 1 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 125 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

University of North 

Carolina, Chapel 

Hill 13 18 8 6 0 45

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 13 18 8 6 0 45

University of Tampa 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of North

Carolina, Charlotte 25 41 20 18 0 104

Belmont Abbey College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Davidson College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Johnson C. Smith University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lenoir-Rhyne University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Norwich University 0 0 0 1 0 1

Queens University of Charlotte 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of North Carolina, Charlotte 25 38 19 17 0 99

Winthrop University 0 1 1 0 0 2

North Dakota

North Dakota State 

University 49 30 18 12 2 111

Concordia College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Minnesota State University, Moorhead 0 1 1 1 0 3

North Dakota State University 13 6 5 4 1 29

University of Minnesota, Crookston 0 0 0 1 0 1

University of North Dakota 36 23 12 6 1 78

Ohio

Bowling Green 

State University 21 15 15 11 1 63

Bowling Green State University 11 14 9 8 0 42

Heidelberg University 0 0 0 1 0 1

Lourdes College 0 0 1 0 0 1

Ohio Northern University 1 0 1 0 0 2

Tiffin University 1 0 1 0 0 2

University of Toledo 8 1 3 2 1 15

Kent State 

University 63 27 14 12 4 120

Baldwin-Wallace College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Case Western Reserve University 0 1 0 0 1 2

Cleveland State University 2 0 0 0 0 2

Kent State University 48 21 9 11 1 90

University of Akron 12 3 4 1 2 22
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 126 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

University Of Mount Union 0 0 1 0 0 1

Youngstown State University 1 1 0 0 0 2

Miami University 24 22 16 13 5 80

Miami University 24 22 16 13 5 80

Miami University, Hamilton 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ohio State 

University 49 41 19 28 4 141

Columbus State Community College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Mount Carmel College of Nursing 0 0 1 1 0 2

Ohio State University 48 38 18 27 4 135

Ohio Wesleyan University 0 1 0 0 0 1

Otterbein University 0 1 0 0 0 1

Ohio University 16 19 15 3 4 57

Ohio State University 0 0 0 0 1 1

Ohio University 16 19 15 3 3 56

University of 

Cincinnati 25 27 16 12 9 89

College of Mount Saint Joseph 0 2 0 0 0 2

Northern Kentucky University 2 1 1 2 0 6

University of Cincinnati 22 21 15 10 9 77

Xavier University 1 3 0 0 0 4

Wright State 

University 64 39 33 21 15 172

Cedarville University 12 10 18 10 7 57

Sinclair Community College 4 2 1 0 0 7

University of Dayton 4 6 0 4 1 15

Urbana University 0 0 0 1 0 1

Wilberforce University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wright State University 44 21 14 6 7 92

Oklahoma

Oklahoma State 

University 35 20 11 10 6 82

Langston University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Northeastern State University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Oklahoma State University 35 20 8 9 6 78

Oral Roberts University 0 0 3 0 0 3

University of Central Oklahoma 0 0 0 1 0 1

University of Tulsa 0 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 127 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

University of 

Oklahoma 35 32 29 12 5 113

Oklahoma Baptist University 0 1 1 0 0 2

Oklahoma Christian University 0 0 1 0 0 1

Oklahoma City Community College 1 0 1 0 0 2

Park University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rose State College 3 0 0 0 0 3

Southern Nazarene University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Central Oklahoma 2 1 0 0 0 3

University of Oklahoma 29 30 26 12 5 102

Webster University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Oregon

Oregon State 

University 27 16 16 13 5 77

Oregon State University 27 15 14 13 5 74

University of Oregon 0 1 2 0 0 3

Western Oregon University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of 

Portland 34 22 23 19 12 110

Clark College 0 2 0 0 0 2

Concordia University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lewis And Clark College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Mount Hood Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Portland Community College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Portland State University 1 2 2 0 0 5

Reed College 1 0 0 0 0 1

University of Portland 29 14 19 19 12 93

Washington State University 1 0 1 0 0 2

Willamette University 0 2 1 0 0 3

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania State 

University 63 54 28 22 8 175

Pennsylvania State University 63 51 27 22 8 171

Pennsylvania State University, Altoona 0 3 1 0 0 4

Saint Joseph's 

University 17 17 6 7 1 48

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania 1 0 0 0 0 1

Drexel University 2 3 2 0 1 8
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 128 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

La Salle University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Neumann University 0 1 0 0 0 1

Pennsylvania State University, Abington 1 1 0 0 0 2

Pennsylvania State University, Delaware 

County 0 1 0 0 0 1

Rowan University 0 0 0 2 0 2

Rutgers University, Camden 2 3 0 0 0 5

Saint Joseph's University 7 4 0 1 0 12

Temple University 0 1 1 1 0 3

Thomas Jefferson University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Pennsylvania 1 1 0 0 0 2

Villanova University 1 2 2 2 0 7

West Chester University 1 0 1 1 0 3

Widener University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of 

Pittsburgh 20 26 19 13 1 79

California University of Pennsylvania 0 0 1 1 0 2

Carlow University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Carnegie Mellon University 5 1 1 0 0 7

Duquesne University 1 2 1 1 0 5

Franciscan University of Steubenville 3 1 2 1 0 7

Pennsylvania State University, Greater 

Allegheny 1 1 0 0 0 2

Point Park University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Robert Morris University 1 2 0 0 0 3

University of Pittsburgh 7 19 14 10 1 51

University of Pittsburgh, Greensburg 1 0 0 0 0 1

Washington and Jefferson College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Wilkes University 19 16 8 8 2 53

Baptist Bible College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania 4 0 2 4 0 10

East Stroudsburg University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Keystone College 0 1 0 0 0 1

King's College 0 4 1 0 0 5

Marywood University 2 0 0 0 0 2

Pennsylvania State University, Hazelton 2 0 0 0 0 2

Pennsylvania State University, Wilkes-Barre 0 1 0 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 129 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Pennsylvania State University, Worthington 

Scranton 0 1 1 0 0 2

University of Scranton 0 0 2 0 0 2

Wilkes University 10 9 2 4 2 27

Puerto Rico

University of Puerto 

Rico, Mayaguez 60 36 12 5 0 113

Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce 0 0 0 0 0 0

Inter American University of Puerto Rico 0 0 1 0 0 1

University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez 60 35 11 5 0 111

University of Puerto 

Rico, Rio Piedras 41 36 16 6 0 99

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, 

Arecibo 0 1 0 0 0 1

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, 

Barranquitas 1 0 0 0 0 1

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, 

Bayamon 6 10 2 2 0 20

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, 

Metro 5 2 4 0 0 11

Metropolitan University 2 0 2 0 0 4

Polytechnic University 4 6 1 1 0 12

Sacred Heart University 0 1 0 0 0 1

University del Este 0 1 1 0 0 2

University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon 5 1 0 1 0 7

University Of Puerto Rico, Carolina 2 1 1 0 0 4

University of Puerto Rico, Cayey 3 0 0 0 0 3

University Of Puerto Rico, Medical Science 

Center 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 10 11 5 2 0 28

University Of Turabo 3 1 0 0 0 4

South Carolina

Charleston 

Southern University 0 0 10 4 0 14

Charleston Southern University 0 0 6 3 0 9

College of Charleston 0 0 3 1 0 4

Medical University of South Carolina 0 0 1 0 0 1

Clemson University 56 23 28 18 10 135

Anderson University 0 1 0 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 130 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Clemson University 51 22 28 18 10 129

Tri-County Technical College 5 0 0 0 0 5

The Citadel 139 89 60 55 1 344

The Citadel 139 89 60 55 1 344

University of South 

Carolina 22 27 12 8 7 76

Benedict College 1 2 0 0 0 3

Claflin University 0 0 1 1 0 2

Midlands Technical College 1 1 0 0 0 2

South Carolina State University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of South Carolina 20 24 11 7 7 69

South Dakota

South Dakota State

University 21 14 13 8 5 61

Augustana College 2 1 1 1 1 6

Dakota State University 2 0 0 0 0 2

South Dakota State University 17 13 12 7 4 53

University of Sioux Falls 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tennessee

Tennessee State 

University 16 11 16 10 0 53

Austin Peay State University 2 0 1 1 0 4

Belmont University 3 0 1 0 0 4

Fisk University 3 0 1 0 0 4

Lipscomb University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Middle Tennessee State University 5 7 9 3 0 24

Nashville State Community 0 1 0 0 0 1

Tennessee State University 1 1 2 4 0 8

Tennessee Technological University 0 1 1 0 0 2

Vanderbilt University 1 0 0 1 0 2

Western Kentucky University 0 1 1 1 0 3

University of 

Memphis 25 28 13 8 0 74

Christian Brothers University 1 2 0 0 0 3

Lemoyne-Owen College 2 1 0 0 0 3

Rhodes College 0 0 0 1 0 1

Southwest Tennessee Community College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Tennessee State University 0 1 0 0 0 1
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 131 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

University of Memphis 21 23 13 7 0 64

University of 

Tennessee, 

Knoxville 49 34 14 13 2 112

Pellissippi State Technical Community College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Tennessee State University 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Tennessee, Knoxville 48 33 14 13 2 110

Texas

Angelo State 

University 38 17 16 16 0 87

Angelo State University 38 17 16 16 0 87

Baylor University 45 32 25 24 5 131

Baylor University 40 32 25 24 5 126

McLennan Community College 3 0 0 0 0 3

University of Mary Hardin-Baylor 2 0 0 0 0 2

Texas A&M 

University 219 175 63 29 15 501

Texas A&M University 219 175 63 29 15 501

Texas Christian 

University 13 20 14 8 1 56

Tarrant County College 0 3 0 0 0 3

Texas Christian University 5 9 4 3 0 21

University of Texas, Arlington 7 8 10 5 1 31

Weatherford College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Texas State 

University, San 

Marcos 28 23 23 8 0 82

Texas Lutheran University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Texas State University, San Marcos 27 22 13 7 0 69

University of Dallas 0 0 1 0 0 1

University of Iowa 0 0 1 0 0 1

Wayland Baptist University 0 1 8 1 0 10

Texas Tech 

University 26 23 13 10 4 76

Lubbock Christian University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Texas Tech University 25 23 13 10 4 75

Wayland Baptist University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of 

Houston 11 30 10 9 0 60

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0 0
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 132 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Houston Community College 0 2 0 0 0 2

Rice University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Texas Southern University 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Houston 10 25 10 8 0 53

University of Houston, Downtown 0 1 0 1 0 2

University of North Texas 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Saint Thomas 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Texas, Health Science Center 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of North 

Texas 40 36 19 9 1 105

Collin County Community College 0 3 1 0 0 4

Midwestern State University 5 0 2 1 0 8

Southern Methodist University 2 1 0 0 0 3

Texas Woman's University 1 3 0 0 0 4

University of Dallas 0 3 1 0 0 4

University of North Texas 30 22 15 8 1 76

University of Texas, Dallas 2 4 0 0 0 6

University of Texas, 

Austin 30 27 26 14 5 102

Austin Community College 3 1 0 0 0 4

Huston-Tillotson University 0 1 1 0 0 2

Saint Edward's University 0 1 0 0 1 2

University of Texas, Austin 27 24 25 14 4 94

University of Texas, 

San Antonio 67 49 41 27 8 192

Alamo Community College District 2 4 0 0 0 6

San Antonio College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Trinity University 0 1 0 3 0 4

University of Portland 5 0 0 0 0 5

University of Texas, Health Science Center, 

San Antonio 0 0 2 4 3 9

University of Texas, San Antonio 59 42 37 19 5 162

University of the Incarnate Word 0 2 2 1 0 5

Utah

Brigham Young 

University 64 48 33 24 2 171

Brigham Young University 60 45 27 21 2 155

Utah Valley University 4 3 6 3 0 16

University of Utah 33 23 19 13 4 92
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 133 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 0 0 0 0 0

LDS Business College 4 0 0 0 0 4

Park University 0 1 0 0 0 1

Salt Lake Community College 3 3 0 0 0 6

University of Portland 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Utah 19 14 13 11 2 59

Weber State University 7 1 5 2 2 17

Westminster College 0 4 1 0 0 5

Utah State 

University 51 27 17 9 5 109

Utah State University 51 27 17 9 5 109

Vermont

Norwich University 77 44 45 26 1 193

Norwich University 76 44 45 26 1 192

Saint Michael's College 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Vermont 1 0 0 0 0 1

Virginia

University of 

Virginia 49 28 31 22 2 132

Cedarville University 0 1 0 0 0 1

James Madison University 5 6 4 10 0 25

Liberty University 16 9 14 4 2 45

Piedmont Virginia Community College 2 1 0 0 0 3

University of Virginia 26 11 13 8 0 58

Virginia Military 

Institute 91 43 94 88 0 316

Mary Baldwin College 0 4 2 0 0 6

Virginia Military Institute 91 39 92 88 0 310

Virginia Polytechnic 

Institute and State 

University 80 79 54 22 14 249

University of Virginia 0 0 0 1 0 1

Virginia Military Institute 1 0 0 0 0 1

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 

University 79 79 54 21 14 247

Washington

Central Washington 

University 15 36 20 11 0 82

Central Washington University 15 36 20 11 0 82
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 134 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

University of

Washington 31 24 30 15 4 104

Bellevue College 1 1 0 0 0 2

Edmonds Community College 0 2 0 0 0 2

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 0 2 1 1 0 4

Everett Community College 1 0 0 0 0 1

North Seattle Community College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Northwest University 1 0 0 0 0 1

Pierce College 0 1 0 0 0 1

Seattle Pacific University 1 0 4 1 0 6

Seattle University 0 0 1 2 0 3

University of Washington 27 17 24 11 4 83

Washington State 

University 55 25 19 22 10 131

Lewis-Clark State College 0 1 0 0 0 1

University of Idaho 20 6 5 6 3 40

Washington State University 35 18 14 16 7 90

West Virginia

West Virginia 

University 37 18 15 10 4 84

West Virginia University 37 18 15 10 4 84

Wisconsin

Marquette 

University 9 13 8 14 3 47

Carroll College 0 0 2 0 0 2

Carthage College 0 0 0 0 0 0

Concordia University, Wisconsin 1 1 0 0 0 2

Marquette University 4 2 1 4 0 11

Milwaukee Area Technical College 1 0 0 0 0 1

Milwaukee School of Engineering 1 2 2 6 2 13

University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 1 8 3 3 1 16

University of Wisconsin, Parkside 1 0 0 0 0 1

Wisconsin Lutheran College 0 0 0 1 0 1

University of 

Wisconsin, Madison 34 27 17 12 2 92

Edgewood College 1 0 1 0 0 2

Maranatha Baptist Bible College 3 1 1 2 0 7

University of Wisconsin, Madison 24 20 15 7 2 68

University of Wisconsin, Whitewater 6 6 0 3 0 15
Appendix III: Enrollment by Year of Study and 

by Military Service

Page 135 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

State or U.S. 

territorya Unit School

1st 

year 

2nd 

year

3rd 

year

4th 

year

5th

year Total

Wyoming

University of 

Wyoming 16 16 10 4 3 49

Park University 0 0 0 0 0 0

University of Wyoming 16 16 10 4 3 49

Total 4,998 3,898 2,700 1,952 487 14,035

Source: GAO analysis of military service data.

a

The state or U.S. territory represents the location of the unit and may not represent the 

location of the school because some schools are not located in the same state of the unit 

with which they are affiliated.
Appendix IV: Comments from the Department 

of Defense

Page 136 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Appendix IV: Comments from the 

Department of Defense
Appendix IV: Comments from the Department 

of Defense

Page 137 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC
Appendix IV: Comments from the Department 

of Defense

Page 138 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC
Appendix IV: Comments from the Department 

of Defense

Page 139 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC
Appendix V: GAO Contact and Staff 

Acknowledgments

Page 140 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Brenda S. Farrell, (202) 512-3604 or farrellb@gao.gov

In addition to the contact named above, Margaret Best (Assistant 

Director), Emily Biskup, Rebekah J. Boone, Richard Burkard, Timothy 

Carr, Susan Ditto, Cynthia Grant, Kimberly Mayo, Michael S. Pose, 

Stephanie Santoso, and John Wren made major contributions to this 

report.

Appendix V: GAO Contact and Staff 

Acknowledgments

GAO Contact

Staff 

Acknowledgments
Related GAO Products

Page 141 GAO-14-93 Oversight of ROTC

Military Personnel: DMDC Data on Officers’ Commissioning Programs is 

Insufficiently Reliable and Needs to be Corrected. GAO-07-372R. 

Washington, D.C.: March 8, 2007.

Military Personnel: Strategic Plan Needed to Address Army’s Emerging 

Officer Accession and Retention Challenges. GAO-07-224. Washington, 

D.C.: January 19, 2007.

Reserve Officers’ Training Corps: Questions Related to Organizational 

Restructuring. GAO/NSIAD-96-56. Washington, D.C.: February 6, 1996.

Officer Commissioning Programs: More Oversight and Coordination 

Needed. GAO/NSIAD-93-37. Washington, D.C.: November 6, 1992.

Reserve Officers’ Training Corps: Less Need for Officers Provides 

Opportunity for Significant Savings. GAO/NSIAD-91-102. Washington, 

D.C.: May 6, 1991.

Related GAO Products

(351806)
The Government Accountability Office, the audit, evaluation, and 

investigative arm of Congress, exists to support Congress in meeting its 

constitutional responsibilities and to help improve the performance and 

accountability of the federal government for the American people. GAO 

examines the use of public funds; evaluates federal programs and 

policies; and provides analyses, recommendations, and other assistance 

to help Congress make informed oversight, policy, and funding decisions. 

GAO’s commitment to good government is reflected in its core values of 

accountability, integrity, and reliability.

The fastest and easiest way to obtain copies of GAO documents at no 

cost is through GAO’s website (http://www.gao.gov). Each weekday 

afternoon, GAO posts on its website newly released reports, testimony, 

and correspondence. To have GAO e-mail you a list of newly posted 

products, go to http://www.gao.gov and select “E-mail Updates.”

The price of each GAO publication reflects GAO’s actual cost of 

production and distribution and depends on the number of pages in the 

publication and whether the publication is printed in color or black and 

white. Pricing and ordering information is posted on GAO’s website, 

http://www.gao.gov/ordering.htm. 

Place orders by calling (202) 512-6000, toll free (866) 801-7077, or 

TDD (202) 512-2537.

Orders may be paid for using American Express, Discover Card, 

MasterCard, Visa, check, or money order. Call for additional information.

Connect with GAO on Facebook, Flickr, Twitter, and YouTube.

Subscribe to our RSS Feeds or E-mail Updates. Listen to our Podcasts.

Visit GAO on the web at www.gao.gov.

Contact:

Website: http://www.gao.gov/fraudnet/fraudnet.htm

E-mail: fraudnet@gao.gov

Automated answering system: (800) 424-5454 or (202) 512-7470

Katherine Siggerud, Managing Director, siggerudk@gao.gov, (202) 512-

4400, U.S. Government Accountability Office, 441 G Street NW, Room 

7125, Washington, DC 20548

Chuck Young, Managing Director, youngc1@gao.gov, (202) 512-4800

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 441 G Street NW, Room 7149 

Washington, DC 20548

GAO’s Mission

Obtaining Copies of 

GAO Reports and 

Testimony

Order by Phone

Connect with GAO

To Report Fraud, 

Waste, and Abuse in 

Federal Programs

Congressional 

Relations

Public Affairs

Please Print on Recycled Paper.