T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l yc onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2). NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. J UL I US XA VI E R HE XO N, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 09- 30379 D . C . N o. 3: 08 -c r- 00 24 3-K I- 1 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt

f orthe D i s tr i c tof

O r e gon G a rrM . K i ng, S e ni orD i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng

S ubm i tt e d M a r c h 7, 2011 ** P ort l a nd, O r e gon B efo re: T H O M A S , G R A B E R , an d T A L L M A N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. J ul i us X a vi e rH e xon appe a l s hi s c onvi c t i on unde r18 U . S . C . § 2251( a ) , a nd hi s s e nt e nc e s f

ortha tc onvi c t i on a nd f

orhi s c onvi c t i ons unde r18 U . S . C . § 2423



# FI LED MA R 09 2011 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

a nd 18 U . S . C . § 2252. B e c aus e the pa rt i e s a r e f a m i l i a rw i th the f

a c tua l a nd p r o c e d u r a l h i s t o ryo f

th i s c a s e , w e n e e d n o tr e c o u n ti th e r e . W e a f f i rm. I T he di s tr i c tc ourtpr ope r l yc onc l ude d tha ti tha d s ubj e c tm a tt e rj ur i s di c t i on o v e rH e x o n ’s in d ic tm e n t u n d e r1 8 U .S .C . § 2 2 5 1 ( a ) f o rth e p r o d u c tio n o f

c h ild pornogr aphy . I n U

n ite d S ta te s v . Mc Ca lla , 5 4 5 F .3 d 7 5 0 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 8 ) , c e r t. deni ed , 129 S . C t . 1363 ( 2009) , w e he l d tha t18 U . S . C . § 2251 “ i s not u n c o n s titu tio n a l b e c au s e it c r im in a liz e s th e p r o d u c tio n o f ‘h o m e g r o w n ’ c h ild pornogr aphy , ” orpornogr aphypr oduc e d w i thoutapurpos e t o s ha r e ors e l l i t . 545 F . 3d a t755 ( c i t i ng G on zales v. R ai ch , 5 4 5 U .S . 1 ( 2 0 0 5 ) ) ; se e U ni ted Stat es v. Fe r gus on , 560 F . 3d 1060, 1064–65 ( 9th C i r . ) ( r e j e c t i ng ac ons t i tut i ona l c ha l l e nge i de nt i c a l t o H e xon’ s ( c i t i ng Mc Ca lla , 5 4 5 F .3 d a t 7 5 3

– 5 6 ) ) , ce rt. deni ed , 1 3 0 S . C t. 2 8 6 ( 2 0 0 9 ) . I I T h e e v id e n c e w a s s u f

f ic ie n t to s u s ta in H e x o n ’s c o n v ic tio n u n d e r1 8 U .S .C . § 2 2 5 1 ( a ) . V ie w in g it in th e lig h t m o s t f a v o r ab le to th e p r o s e c u tio n , th e e v id e n c e “is a d e q u a t e t o a l l o w any r a t i ona l tr i e rof f a c t[ t o f i nd] the e s s e nt i a l e l e m e nt s of the cr i m e bey on d a re as on abl e dou bt . ” U n ite d S ta te s v . N

e v ils , 598 F . 3d 1158, 1164 ( 9th C i r . 2010) ( e n ba nc ) ( quot a t i on om i tt e d) ( a l t e r a t i on i n or i gi na l ) . U nde ra ny3

i nt e rpr e t a t i on of

the s t a tut e , the gove rnm e ntm a de a n a m pl e s how i ng tha tH e xon

“ e m pl oy [ e d] ” a nd “ us e [ d] ” K A R “ t o e nga ge i n . . . s e xua l l ye xpl i c i tc onduc tf orthe p u rp o s e o f

p r o d u c in g a n yv is u a l d e p ic tio n o f s u c h c o n d u c t.” 1 8 U .S .C . § 2 2 5 1 ( a ) . T he go vernm entpu tforw ar d evi dence s ho w i ng H exon i nstruct i ng K A R t o p er form s e x u a llye x p lic it a c ts o n f ilm . S eeS E R at 544–45; P S R at 5; R e d at 33–34 . F u rth e rm o r e , § 2 2 5 1 is p a rt o f a“c o m p r e h e n s iv e s ta tu to rys c h e m e to er adi ca t e s exual expl oi t at i on of chi l dren, ” U ni te d State s v . T

hom as , 893 F . 2d 1066, 10 68 (9th C i r. 19 90 ), and “ m ustbe i nt erpret ed i n acc ord w i th the st atut e’ s broad and g ener al pu rpose of f ac i l i t at i ng the prosec ut i on of i nd i vi du al s w ho ar e i nv ol ved w i th chi l d p orno graphy, ” U ni ted Stat es v. Moh rbacher , 1 8 2 F .3 d 1 0 4 1 , 1 0 4 9 ( 9 th C i r. 19 99 ). F i nal l y, ou r pre ce dentsquare l y hol ds thatthere i s no requi re m entun der § 2251( a ) tha tthe c hi l d pornogr aphy H e xon c r e a t e d be pr of e s s i ona l l ypr oduc e d or d is tr ib u te d to th e p u b lic . See Mc Ca lla , 5 4 5 F .3 d a t 7 5 5 ; U ni ted S ta te s v . Sm ith , 7 9 5 F .2 d 8 4 1 , 8 4 5 (9 th C ir. 1 9 8 6 ) ( § 2 2 5 1 d o es n o t req u ire “th at th e d ef en d an t’ s u ltim a te g o a l b e d is tr ib u tio n o f th e v is u a l d e p ic tio n ” ) ; se e al so U ni ted Stat es v. G r iffith , 2 8 4 F .3 d 3 3 8 , 3 4 7 ( 2 d . C ir . 2 0 0 2 ) ( § 2 2 5 1 “d o e s n o t r e q u ir e th a t a defe nd antprod uce the se xu al l y e xp l i ci tdepi ct i on for c om m er ci al gai n”);4 II I T he di s tr i c tc ourtdi d notabus e i t s di s c r e t i on w he n i tde ni e d H e xon’ s m ot i on f o ram is tr ia l. T h e p r o s e c u to r ’s q u e s tio n w a s r e le v a n t to e s tab lis h th e e a s e w ith w hi ch H exon coul d fol l ow throu gh on hi s threa tt o em ai l se xu al l y e xp l i ci tpi ctures of K A R t o h ergrandp ar ent s. K A R had al so t es t i fi ed thatH exon had the pass w ord t o he rM y S pa c e pa ge a nd ha d a l t e r e d i t s c ont e nt s , i nc l udi ng by a ddi ng p h o to g r ap h s . S eeS E R at 178. B ec au se “[n ]o th in g in th e [ p ro se cu to r’s q u es ti o n ] . . . c a n b e c o n s tru e d to r e f le c t a n in te n tio n b yth e p r o s e c u to rto m is le a d th e ju ry ,” it w a s n o t im p r o p e r . U

n ite d S ta te s v . E ts itty , 13 0 F . 3d 42 0, 42 4 (9th C i r. 19 97 ) ( per c u r ia m ) . I V T he di s tr i c tc ourtne i the rabus e d i t s di s c r e t i on norvi ol a t e d App re nd iv. N ew Je rs ey , 530 U . S . 466 ( 2000) , w he n i tappl i e d as e nt e nc i ng e nha nc e m e ntf or p r o d u c in g d e p ic tio n s o f s a d is tic c o n d u c t. T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt w a s w ith in its di sc re t i on t o con cl ud e thatvi deos depi ct i ng H exon , an adul tm an, engagi ng i n anal i nt e r c our s e w i th K A R , af e m a l e t e e na ge re vi nc i ng pa i n, “ portr a y [ ] s a di s t i c or m a s o c h is tic c o n d u c t o ro th e rd e p ic tio n s o f v io le n c e .” U .S .S .G . § 2 G 2 .1 ( b ) ( 4 ) . Se e, e . g. , U

ni ted Stat es v. R earden , 34 9 F . 3d 60 8, 61 2, 61 5 (9th C i r. 20 03 ).5

H ex o n ’ s Appr e ndic l a i m f a i l s . Ea c h o f

H e x o n ’ s c o n v i c t i o n s u n d e r1 8 U . S. C. § 2 2 5 1 ( a ) c a rr ie s as ta tu to rym a x im u m o f th irtyy e a r s ’ im p r is o n m e n t. I d. § 2251( e ) . N othi ng i n the c ourt ’ s appl i c a t i on of the U . S . S . G . § 2G 2. 1( b) ( 4) enhancem ent“ expo se d [H exon ] t o a great erst atut ory m axi m um pu ni shm entthan that . ” U ni te d State s v . B anue los , 322 F . 3d 700, 705 ( 9th C i r . 2003) . F urtherm ore, fo r h i s co n v i ct i o n s o n th o se co u n t s, H ex o n w as sen t en ced t o tw en ty years’ im p r is o n m e n t. S E R at 62, 65. “ W e ha ve he l d r e pe a t e dl ytha tade f e nda ntc a nnot ob t ai n rel i ef

un der Appr e ndiw hen h i s s ent ence do es no texce ed the st atut ory m axi m um autho ri ze d b y the j ury’ s ver di ct. . . . ” U ni ted Stat es v. Sa

ya , 247 F . 3d 92 9, 94 2 (9th C i r. 20 01 ) ( col l ec t i ng ca se s) . AF F I RME D.