```

[Congressional Bills 109th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. Res. 202 Agreed to Senate (ATS)]

109th CONGRESS
  1st Session
S. RES. 202

   Urging the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation 
 Movement/Army to fully implement the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 
                            January 9, 2005.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 19, 2005

    Mr. Frist (for himself, Mrs. Dole, and Mr. Lugar) submitted the 
        following resolution; which was considered and agreed to

_______________________________________________________________________

                               RESOLUTION

 
   Urging the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation 
 Movement/Army to fully implement the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 
                            January 9, 2005.

Whereas the people of Sudan have been devastated by war for all but 10 years 
        since Sudan gained its independence in 1956;
Whereas the second civil war in Sudan between the Government of Sudan in the 
        north and the Sudan People's Liberation Army in the south began in 1983 
        and lasted for more than 20 years;
Whereas more than 2,000,000 people died and more than 4,000,000 people were 
        internationally displaced or became refugees as a direct or indirect 
        result of the civil war in Sudan;
Whereas the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army 
        failed on numerous occasions to bring a peaceful and just end to the 
        civil war in Sudan throughout the 1990s;
Whereas, in September 2001, President George W. Bush appointed former Senator 
        John Danforth as Special Envoy for Peace in Sudan to explore the 
        potential of the United States to become involved in searching for a 
        just resolution to the civil war in Sudan, and appointed Andrew Natsios, 
        the Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, as the Special Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan to 
        enhance the delivery of assistance that could help reduce the suffering 
        of the people of Sudan;
Whereas, in July 2002, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation 
        Movement/Army reached the historic Machakos Protocol, an agreement on 
        the role of religion in Sudan and the right to self-determination for 
        the people of southern Sudan;
Whereas, in October 2002, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's 
        Liberation Movement/Army signed a memorandum of understanding that 
        called for a cessation of hostilities and unimpeded humanitarian access 
        to all areas of Sudan;
Whereas peace talks continued throughout 2003, with discussions focusing on 
        wealth sharing and the control of 3 contested areas of Sudan;
Whereas, on November 19, 2004, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's 
        Liberation Movement/Army signed a declaration committing themselves to 
        reach a final comprehensive peace agreement by December 31, 2004, in the 
        context of a special session of the United Nations Security Council;
Whereas, on November 19, 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously 
        adopted Security Council Resolution 1574, which welcomed the commitment 
        of the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/
        Army to reach an agreement by the end of 2004, and highlighted the 
        intention of the international community to assist the people of Sudan 
        and support the implementation of a comprehensive peace agreement;
Whereas the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army 
        initialed the final elements of a comprehensive peace agreement on 
        December 31, 2004;
Whereas, on January 9, 2005, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's 
        Liberation Movement/Army formally signed the Comprehensive Peace 
        Agreement;
Whereas the Comprehensive Peace Agreement provides for a new constitution, new 
        arrangements for power sharing and wealth sharing, and a 6-year interim 
        period to be followed by a referendum in southern Sudan so that the 
        people of southern Sudan can decide their political future;
Whereas the Comprehensive Peace Agreement provides for new institutions to be 
        created and a new Government of National Unity to be installed in Sudan 
        once the constitution is ratified;
Whereas despite progress on reaching a peace agreement on the North-South 
        conflict there has been little progress to end the ongoing conflict in 
        the region of Darfur;
Whereas, after tens of thousands of civilians died due to a targeted campaign of 
        violence by the Government of Khartoum, Congress declared on July 22, 
        2004, that the atrocities in Darfur were genocide, committed primarily 
        by the Government of Sudan and its allied Janjaweed militias;
Whereas, on September 9, 2004, Secretary of State Colin Powell testified that 
        ``genocide has been committed in Darfur'';
Whereas, on June 30, 2005, President Bush confirmed that ``the violence in 
        Darfur region is clearly genocide [and] the human cost is beyond 
        calculation'';
Whereas the Comprehensive Peace Agreement provides a model for the resolution of 
        all conflicts in Sudan, including Darfur, eastern Sudan, and elsewhere;
Whereas, on July 9, 2005, the 6-year interim period under the Comprehensive 
        Peace Agreement began with the formation of a new transitional 
        government and the signing of an interim constitution, and Dr. John 
        Garang, the Chairman of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army, was 
        sworn in by President Omar Hassan al Bashir as First Vice President of 
        Sudan;
Whereas millions of the people across Sudan continue to suffer from the effects 
        of war, including displacement and war-related disease, hunger, and 
        malnutrition;
Whereas the people of southern Sudan are in desperate need of reconstruction 
        assistance to build and improve vital infrastructure components that are 
        nearly nonexistent in southern Sudan;
Whereas, despite the historic signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 
        January 2005, the key to success will now be the full and timely 
        implementation of the agreement by all sides, wholly consistent with the 
        letter, spirit, and intent of the agreement; and
Whereas the impact and efficacy of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement will also 
        be measured by the political resolution of ongoing conflict in other 
        parts of Sudan, including Darfur and the east of Sudan: Now, therefore, 
        be it
    Resolved, That the Senate--
            (1) commends the people of Sudan on the signing of the 
        historic Comprehensive Peace Agreement on January 9, 2005;
            (2) urges the new Government of National Unity of Sudan, 
        consisting of elements of the National Congress Party and the 
        Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army, to fully implement the 
        Comprehensive Peace Agreement in a timely manner consistent 
        with the letter, spirit, and intent of the agreement;
            (3) requests that the United States Government--
                    (A) commit to high-level, sustained engagement to 
                closely monitor the implementation of the Comprehensive 
                Peace Agreement and events on the ground in Sudan, 
                including in Darfur and elsewhere; and
                    (B) sustain pressure as appropriate to ensure the 
                Comprehensive Peace Agreement is implemented in a full, 
                timely, and thorough manner;
            (4) urges the United States Government--
                    (A) to maintain sanctions on the Government of 
                Sudan as appropriate until the Comprehensive Peace 
                Agreement has been fully honored and implemented; and
                    (B) to renew efforts to implement additional 
                sanctions through the United Nations Security Council 
                until peace in Darfur is achieved and those responsible 
                for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and 
                criminal acts are brought to justice;
            (5) strongly urges the Government of National Unity of 
        Sudan to use the Comprehensive Peace Agreement as the basis for 
        negotiation of a peaceful resolution of the conflicts in Darfur 
        and other areas of Sudan;
            (6) strongly supports the expansion of the size and role of 
        the mission of the African Union in Darfur to protect civilians 
        in Darfur and encourages continued support for this mission 
        from the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 
        and other countries and international organizations;
            (7) strongly supports the United Nations Mission in the 
        Sudan and the expansion of this mission to protect civilians 
        and aid workers throughout Sudan;
            (8) supports the continued provision of humanitarian and 
        reconstruction assistance from the United States to the people 
        of southern Sudan, in addition to the assistance allocated for 
        the people of Darfur, so that the people of Sudan may 
        experience and appreciate the benefits of peace;
            (9) supports international efforts to facilitate the safe 
        and voluntary return of refugees and internationally displaced 
        persons to their homes in Sudan; and
            (10) calls upon the governments of all countries in the 
        Sudan region and around the world to actively support and 
        monitor the full implementation of the Comprehensive Peace 
        Agreement to help ensure that the people of Sudan pursue the 
        path to peace, prosperity, and security.
                                 <all>
```