This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix I-107D

AQUATIC — RIPARIAN — WATERSHEDS

Riparian areas are resilient, diverse, and functioning within their site potential. Riparian areas in

Proper Functioning Condition are managed to maintain that condition with no downward trends,

and there is an annual increase in the number of areas functioning at risk that show an upward

trend towards Proper Functioning Condition. Less resilient and more sensitive areas are recovering. Tall trees, moderate or large in diameter, within riparian areas are fairly frequent. Riparian

areas are covered by protective vegetation and generally connected with their streams and

upslopes.

Most soils have protective cover, adequate levels of soil organic matter, and coarse woody material distributed in varying sizes and types. Soils also have adequate physical properties for vegetation growth and hydrologic function. Physical, chemical, and biological processes in all soils function similarly to soils that have not been harmfully disturbed.

Roads in riparian areas are few and stable. Roads exist in riparian areas only under the following

circumstances: where needed for major public transportation thoroughfares, where they do not

cause problems to aquatic and riparian resources, or where there are no other practical alternatives. Some road corridors from new roads are apparent, but roads in sensitive landscapes are

few and stable. There is moderate-to-strong evidence of human management activity across the

landscape.

Aquatic species habitat. Restoration strategies are implemented on nearly all high risk sites

within Category 2 and portions of Category 3 watersheds, promoting recovery of watershed, riparian, water quality and aquatic conditions characteristic for that geoclimatic setting. Improved

aquatic habitat conditions allow threatened and endangered aquatic species populations to stabilize and expand into previously occupied habitat. Native aquatic species population's strongholds

are increasing basin-wide. Major river corridor conditions allow most aquatic species to achieve

their full life cycles.

The following DRFC applies to Forest Service- or BLM-administered lands identified in PACFISH

and INFISH. The DRFC is to maintain or restore:

1) Water quality to a degree that provides for stable and productive riparian and aquatic ecosystems;

2) (a) Sediment regimes that are appropriate to geoclimatic setting. Elements of the sediment

regime include the timing, volume, rate, and character of sediment input, storage, and transport.

(b) Hydrologic regimes in streams, lakes, and wetlands appropriate to the geoclimatic setting.

Important elements of the hydrologic regime include those processes necessary to sustain

proper channel form and riparian, aquatic, and wetland habitats and to allow proper patterns of

sediment, nutrient, and wood routing. This includes the timing, magnitude, duration, and spatial

distribution of peak, high, and low flows.

3) Instream flows to support healthy riparian and aquatic habitats, the stability and effective function of stream channels, and the ability to route flood discharges;

4) Natural timing and variability of the water table elevation in meadows and wetlands;
A|jjJ6fidix 11071

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

5) Diversity and productivity of native and desired non-native plant communities in riparian

zones;

6) Riparian vegetation to:

a) provide an amount and distribution of large woody debris characteristic of natural aquatic

and riparian ecosystems;

b) provide adequate summer and winter thermal regulation within the riparian and aquatic

zones;

c) help achieve rates of surface erosion, bank erosion, and channel migration characteristic of

those under which the communities developed;

7) Riparian and aquatic habitats necessary to foster the unique genetic fish stocks that evolved

within the specific geoclimatic region;

8) Habitat to support viable populations of native plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate aquatic and

riparian-dependent species, including threatened and endangered species, that are well distributed within their historical ranges.

9) Habitat to support harvestable populations of native aquatic and riparian-dependent species

of commercial, cultural, and recreational significance.

10) Habitat to support desired recreational fishing opportunities for non-native species where they

will not further erode native species status or prevent attainment of objectives for native

species.

Alternative 5

In addition to the DRFC elements common to all action alternatives, the following is the vision of

the long-term (50-100 years) condition of the land under Alternative 5:

FOREST

In the dry forest PVG, successional and disturbance processes are maintained through vegetation

management, endemic insect and disease disturbances, and fire. Forest species and composition

are consistent with the following fire regime:

Nonlethal Underburns Lethal Fires Mixed Severity Fires

60-70% 10-20% 15-25%

There are either large patches dominated by young forest and old multi-story forests within timber

emphasis areas, or a mosaic of age classes composed of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir in

other emphasis areas (table C).

In the moist forest PVG, successional and disturbance processes are maintained through intensive vegetation management, endemic insect and disease disturbances, windthrow often aided by

root rot, and fire. Forest species and composition are consistent with the following fire regime:
Nonlethal Underburns Lethal Fires Mixed Severity Fires

5-20% 20-40% 50-65%

There are either large patches of young forest and old multi-story forest within timber emphasis

areas, or a mosaic of age classes in the other emphasis areas (table C). Serai western white pine

dominates the young forest structural stage.

In the cold forest PVG, successional and disturbance processes are maintained through endemic

and epidemic insect and disease disturbances, and minimal vegetation management. Forest

species and composition are consistent with the following fire regime:

Nonlethal Underburns Lethal Fires Mixed Severity Fires

5-15% 5-15% 75-85%

There is a high abundance and persistence of old forest dominated by lodgepole pine and

Douglas-fir in the multi-story structural stage. The young forest stages have a moderate component of serai whitebark pine and Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir. Stands are well distributed in a

mosaic of age classes (table C).

The forest potential vegetation groups have an overall range of structural stages as follows:

Table C. Desired Structural Stages: Alt. 5

PVG | Regen | Young | Old Multl | Old Single | Other*

Distribution (expressed as a % of the PVG)

Dry Within** I 5-15 130-40 I 10-20 135-50 10-15

Dry Outside** 10-20 25-35 20-30' 20-40

Moist Within** 20-30 40-50 20-30 10-20

Moist Outside** 15-25 50-60 15-25 5-15

Cold Within** 15-25 35-45 25-35 5-15 1-2

Cold Outside** | 15-25 [45-55 | 20-30 |s-10 |

Shade-Intolerant Species (expressed as a % of the structural stages)

Dry 90-100 60-70 50-70 90-100

Moist 75-85 70-75 50-75 90-100

Cold 75-80 60-70 35-50 80-100

*refers to understory of grasses, shrubs, forbs

**Within=within timber emphasis areas; Out8ide=outside timber emphasis areas

Forest wildlife habitat. Forested wildlife emphasis areas have the necessary forest structure and

composition, ecological processes, and ecosystem function to meet the needs of all species associated with forest communities. Areas of habitat are extensive to assure species distribution and

densities associated with forest habitats. Forested land contains habitat attributes of old forests

which connect with areas of similar vegetation. Natural Areas have high species endemism or biodiversity and contribute to moderate gains in species viability. Human activities are at levels that

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix MQ73

allow sufficient useable habitat for most species to be represented and well distributed in

forested environments. Management activities occur primarily in areas of major disturbances.

Roads are few.

In forest PVGs, other emphasis areas have the necessary forest structure and composition, ecological processes, and ecosystem function to meet the needs of most forest-dependent wildlife

species, but species densities are low. Forested land contains habitat attributes of old forests

which are mostly connected with areas of similar vegetation. Human activities are at levels that

allow most species to maintain a desired distribution in forested environments. Management activities occur primarily in areas of major disturbances.

RANGELANDS

Within Livestock Emphasis Areas

Rangelands reflect a mosaic of multiple-aged shrubs, forbs, and native and exotic perennial

grasses. There is a management emphasis on maintaining a grass-dominated plant community in

the shrubland types for livestock production. Forbs and shrubs are a minor, but significant, part of

the plant community. Seedings have been diversified by the addition of various forb and shrub forage species. New infestations of noxious weeds are not common across the landscape and existing large infestations are slowly declining.

Western juniper-dominated sites are rare across the rangelands. The exception is rock outcrops,

ridges, mesas, or other sites not prone to fire which typically have shallow soil areas with little

accumulation of fine fuels.

Microbiotic crust cover is improving in shallow soil areas or sites that have an inherent low potential for vascular plant cover. Microbiotic crusts are not declining in other rangeland plant communities. Prescribed burning and prescribed natural fire have maintained the more grass-dominated

communities although the burning is not continuous and is prescribed as 'mosaic'. Altered sagebrush steppe has been converted to diverse perennial plant communities that provide forage production. Greenstripping and other fire breaks are apparent along roads and along the altered

sagebrush steppe boundaries.

Outside Livestock Emphasis Areas

Same as Alternative 4 for the general description. The specific description by PVG is described

below.

Potential Vegetation Groups (both within and outside Livestock Emphasis Areas)

Dry Grass Potential Vegetation Group

Within this group, nonlethal fires predominate on 70-90 percent of the area within livestock

emphasis areas, and 40-60 percent of the area outside emphasis areas, burning in herbaceous

vegetation at less than 25-year intervals. The remaining fires are lethal, or mixtures of nonlethal

and lethal, causing mortality of overstory shrubs or conifers. Seventy to 90 percent of the area

within livestock emphasis areas, and up to 80 percent of the area outside livestock emphasis

areas, are dominated by native grasses and forbs without conifer and shrub encroachment.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

ApjMJttdix 1-1074

Dry Shrub Potential Vegetation Group

In this group, about 75-85 percent of the fires are lethal within livestock emphasis areas, and 85-

95 percent are lethal outside these areas, causing overstory mortality in stages dominated by

shrubs and conifers at 25- to 75-year intervals. On perennial bunchgrass dominated sites, nonlethal fires predominate at 25- to 75-year intervals.

Thirty to 50 percent of the area in this group is dominated by native grasses and forbs with an

overstory layer of shrubs. Fifteen to 25 percent of the area within livestock emphasis areas is

herbaceous-dominated, as is 5-15 percent of the area outside emphasis areas. The remaining

areas are dominated by desirable exotic and native plant seedings, annual grasses or noxious

weeds, and a small amount of closed shrub communities with declining herbaceous layers.

Cool Shrub Potential Vegetation Group

In this group, the dominant fire regime is lethal on 60-80 percent of the area within livestock

emphasis areas and 80-95 percent of the lands outside emphasis areas. These lethal fires cause

overstory mortality in stages dominated by shrubs and conifers at 25- to 150-year intervals, with

higher frequencies on more productive sites. Twenty to 40 percent of the fires within livestock

emphasis areas, and 5-15 percent of fires outside emphasis areas are nonlethal, occuring within

herbaceous-dominated stages at intervals of less than 25 years.

Sixty to 80 percent of the area in this group is dominated by native grasses and forbs with an

overstory layer of shrubs. Twenty to 40 percent of the area within the livestock emphasis areas,

and 5-15 percent of the area outside emphasis areas contains mixtures of perennial grasses and

forbs. Conifers are dominant on less than 5 percent of the area within livestock emphasis area,

and on less than 30 percent of the land outside livestock emphasis areas.

Rangeland wildlife habitat. Within rangelands, wildlife emphasis areas have the necessary

structure and composition, ecological processes, and ecosystem function to meet the needs of

Federal and State listed and sensitive rangeland-dependent wildlife species. The distribution of

different amounts and ages of shrubs, grassland, and woodland is approaching desired levels in a

mosaic pattern. Rehabilitation or restoration of native bunchgrass is accomplished where site

potential permits. Management activities to control exotics are frequent and concentrated. Blocks

of habitats are more connected with areas of similar vegetation. Human activities are at a level

that allows most species to maintain a desired distribution. Roads are few.

Other emphasis areas in rangelands may have the necessary structure and composition, ecological processes, and ecosystem functions to meet needs of all Federal and State listed and special

status species dependent on rangeland habitat. Vegetation is appropriate for the site, with multiple

age classes of shrubs and grass being common. Rehabilitation or restoration of native shrub and

grass communities has been accomplished. Management activities to control exotic plants are frequent. These habitats are more fragmented and less connected due to changes in abundance of

native vegetation. Areas may not be connected with other areas of similar vegetation to maintain

species distribution and densities. Human activities are at a level that allows sufficient useable

habitat for most species to be represented and maintain expected distribution, but some species

densities may be low. In many areas roads are closed (seasonal or permanent) or relocated to

increase habitat quality by reducing human disturbance; road densities are variable.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

A}i$HMidix 1-107$

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC

Social and economic systems have adjusted to significant changes in the location, amounts and

product mix of commodity and noncommodity outputs.

Where economic efficiency and biological capability direct land management toward commodity

outputs, land allocations have significantly increased outputs of these commodities, and economic

and social systems have adjusted accordingly.

Where land capability is more suited to support ecological values (such as endangered species),

land allocations emphasize the economic and social values of protected biological resources, and

economic and social systems have adjusted accordingly.

The role of Federal agencies in local communities has changed based on agency emphasis on

the particular suite of goods and services emphasized in a particular area.

AQUATIC — RIPARIAN — WATERSHEDS

The DRFC for riparian areas, streams, lakes, soil, and road corridors in aquatic emphasis areas.

is similar to the DRFC of alternatives 4 and 6.

There is no downward trend in riparian condition and function in timber emphasis areas. While

large trees are rare, small to moderate sized trees provide some watershed protection. Many

riparian areas remain open and without vegetation cover. Some areas are connected to their

streams and upslopes and some (the more sensitive and less responsive areas) are fragmented

and isolated. Some streams are low in productivity and have habitat that is simple and uniform.

Structure is provided by small diameter wood in the smaller streams; structure is transient or

absent in the larger, lower gradient streams. Substrate is fairly homogeneous and tends to be of

finer size than is characteristic for the geoclimatic setting. Large and deep pools in the larger

lower gradient streams are infrequent.

Large portions of the landscape in timber emphasis areas have minimal protective soil cover,

organic matter and coarse woody material; most biomass is stored in small diameter trees and as

litter. Vegetation growth and hydrologic function are moderately impaired. There is evidence of

openings from old and new road corridors across the landscape. Large amounts of the landscape

are open or partially open and next to the road corridors. The landscape appears fragmented.

Riparian vegetation appears separate and disconnected from upslope vegetation.

There is no downward trend in riparian condition and function in livestock emphasis areas, where

exotic grasses are dominant and shrubs are rare. Most riparian areas appear open and are minimally covered by vegetation. Some areas are connected to stream channel, floodplains, and subsurface flow networks, but most are disconnected from these processes. Woodlands are rare.

Some streams are low in productivity, and have habitat that is simple and uniform. Structure is

provided by exotic vegetation and infrequent shrubs. Substrate is fairly homogeneous and tends

to be of finer size and more abundant than characteristic for the geoclimatic setting and stream

type. Large deep pools in the larger lower gradient streams are infrequent. Many streams are

wide and shallow.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

ApjMMidix 14076

Large portions of the landscape in livestock emphasis areas have minimal protective soil cover

and organic matter, mostly in the form of above ground biomass and shallow rooted plants. Soil

and hydrologic function is moderately impaired.

Riparian areas in recreation emphasis areas are fragmented in areas of concentrated and developed recreation. Small openings are frequent because of trails and other developments. In undeveloped areas, riparian areas are resilient and functioning within condition characteristic for that

valley bottom setting and vegetation type. Streams are generally productive and somewhat

diverse, and areas of concentrated or developed use have bare or reinforced streambanks interspersed with vegetated and resilient streambanks. Structure is intermittent; substrate tends to be

uniform in areas of concentrated use and of various sizes in areas of dispersed use. Habitat is

fairly simple and uniform in concentrated use areas, and increasingly complex in areas of less

use. Large deep pools are concentrated in some areas and absent in others.

New roads in some riparian areas within recreation emphasis areas are evident and stable, but

overall roads in riparian areas are few. Old and new road corridors blend into the landscape as

much as possible.

Aquatic species habitat. Restoration strategies have been implemented on nearly all high risk

sites within aquatic and recreation emphasis areas, allowing recovery of watershed, riparian,

water quality, and aquatic conditions characteristic for that geoclimatic setting. Improved aquatic

habitat conditions allow threatened and endangered aquatic species populations to stabilize and

expand into previously occupied habitat. Native aquatic species population strongholds are

increasing basin-wide. Major river corridor conditions have improved to allow most species to

achieve their complete life cycles.

The following DRFC applies to Forest Service- or BLM-administered lands identified in PACFISH

and INFISH. The DRFC is to maintain or restore:

1) Water quality to a degree that provides for stable and productive riparian and aquatic

ecosystems;

2) Stream channel integrity, channel processes, and the sediment regime (including the elements

of timing, volume, and character of sediment input and transport) under which the riparian and

aquatic ecosystems developed;

3) Instream flows to support healthy riparian and aquatic habitats, the stability and effective function of stream channels, and the ability to route flood discharges;

4) Natural timing and variability of the water table elevation in meadows and wetlands;

5) Diversity and productivity of native and desired non-native plant communities in riparian zones;

6) Riparian vegetation to:

a) provide an amount and distribution of large woody debris characteristic of natural aquatic

and riparian ecosystems;

b) provide adequate summer and winter thermal regulation within the riparian and aquatic

zones;

c) help achieve rates of surface erosion, bank erosion, and channel migration characteristic of

those under which the communities developed;
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix 1-1077

7) riparian and aquatic habitats necessary to foster the unique genetic fish stocks that evolved

within the specific geoclimatic region;

8) habitat to support populations of well-distributed native and desired non-native plant, vertebrate, and invertebrate populations that contribute to the viability of riparian-dependent communities.

Alternative 6

In addition to the DRFC elements Common to All Action Alternatives, Alt. 6 is portrayed by a

DRFC that is similar to that of Alt. 4. Acknowledging that in the short term (<50 years), conditions

are likely to look different under Alt. 6 than they do under Alt. 4, it is anticipated that in the long

term, conditions would look similar to those described under Alt. 4. Therefore, for the DRFC specific to Alt. 6, see Alt. 4.

Alternative 7

In addition to the DRFC elements common to all action alternatives, the following is the vision of

the long-term (50-100 years) condition of the land under Alternative 7:

FOREST

In the dry forest Potential Vegetation Group (PVG), successional and disturbance processes are

maintained through endemic insect and disease disturbances, and fire. Forest species and composition are consistent with the following fire regime:

Nonlethal Underburns Lethal Fires Mixed Severity Fires

50-70% 10-25% 15-30%

Within reserves, there is a high occurrence and persistence of young forest dominated by ponderosa pine in the regeneration and young forest structural stages. Stands are fairly well distributed in a mosaic of age classes (table E). Outside reserves, there is a moderate occurrence of old

single story forest dominated by ponderosa pine with a moderate component of Douglas-fir and a

minor component of grand fir. Vegetation management is used in addition to natural disturbances

and fire to maintain successional and disturbance processes. Stands are fairly well distributed in a

mosiac of age classes (table E).

In the moist forest PVG, successional and disturbance processes are maintained through endemic insect and disease disturbances, windthrow often aided by root rot, and fire. Forest species and

composition are consistent with the following fire regime:

Nonlethal Underburns Lethal Fires Mixed Severity Fires

5-20% 20-40% 50-65%

Within reserves, there is a high occurrence and persistence of regeneration, young forest, and old

multi-story stages dominated by shade-intolerant species, grand fir/white fir, and Engelmann

spruce/subalpine fir (table E). Outside the reserves there is a moderate occurrence and persistence of young forest consisting of western white pine, western larch and ponderosa pine with a
minor component of grand fir. Vegetation management is used in addition to natural disturbances

and fire to maintain successional and disturbance processes. Stands are distributed in a mosaic

of age classes (table E).

In the cold forest PVG, successional and disturbance processes are maintained through fire and

endemic insect and disease disturbances. Forest species and composition are consistent with the

following fire regime:

Nonlethal Underburns Lethal Fires Mixed Severity Fires

5-20% 15-30% 55-75%

Within reserves, there is a high occurrence and persistence of regeneration, young forest, and old

multi-story stages of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir. Stands are

distributed in mosaics of age classes (table E). Outside reserves, the young forest stage is dominated by serai whitebark pine with a moderate component of Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir in a

mosaic of age classes. Stands are distributed in large-patch mosaics of age classes (table E).

The potential vegetation groups have an overall range of structural stages as follows:

Table E. Desired Structural Stages: Alt.7

Forest wildlife habitat. Within reserves, habitat is maintained to contribute to biodiversity,

species viability, and delisting of threatened, endangered, and special status species. All major

vegetation types are included in large reserves, providing an adequate representation of wildlife

habitats. Forested areas within reserves contain necessary structure, composition, and attributes

of old forests. Reserves have often absorbed large disturbance events and impacts from activities

adjacent to reserves and still provide sufficient habitat. Reserves of all vegetation types are present in more than one location so that large-scale disturbances are less likely to disrupt the intent

of the reserve in the short term. Human activities are at levels that allows all species to maintain

This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Apjsettdix 1-107$

their distribution. Densities of species may be low, but all expected species are present. Road use

restrictions are common to maintain species densities and prevent disturbances that will cause

animals to be displaced.

Outside of reserves the DRFC for forested wildlife habitat is similar to that of Alternative 3.

RANGELANDS

Within Reserves

Where noxious weeds or other exotic plants have not dominated the vegetation types, rangelands

(especially the cool shrub areas) reflect a diverse mosaic of multiple-aged shrubs, forbs, and

native grasses. Seedings include native species, especially in the moist areas, and have become

more diverse especially in the shrub component. Noxious weeds are increasing on the rangelands

as a result of minimal control and due to the increasing competitiveness of noxious weeds with

native plant species. The dry shrublands are especially affected by noxious weeds, with a majority

already infested.

Western juniper encroachment onto dry grassland, dry and cool shrubland, and riparian areas, is

retarded by natural fire where the understory vegetation provides adequate fine fuel to permit fire.

Some juniper stands are being reduced in spatial extent by limited juniper cutting, especially

those stands that (1) are of sufficient density that site biodiversity is being compromised, and (2)

are not likely to be affected by wildfire. Western juniper presence is confined primarily, but not

exclusively, to sites such as rock outcrops, ridges, mesas and other sites that are not fire prone,

which typically are characterized by low fine fuel accumulation and shallow soils.

Microbiotic crust cover has improved in all rangeland types, with the exception of those dominated

by altered sagebrush steppe. The frequency of fire in the altered sagebrush steppe has prevented

substantial microbiotic crust cover from occurring.

Altered sagebrush steppe has occupied a majority of the dry shrub communities, especially the

Wyoming sagebrush warm sites. Some altered sagebrush steppe areas, especially those in the

more moist areas, are slowly moving toward a native plant community as native plants re-invade

these areas. The slow conversion of altered sagebrush steppe sites to medusahead and yellow

starthistle is apparent in some areas. Greenstripping and other fire breaks have been naturally

colonized by some native species, although the seeded species is still dominant.

Outside Reserves

Same as Alternative 3, for the general description. The specific description by PVG is described

below.

Potential Vegetation Groups (both within and outside Reserves)

Dry grass Potential Vegetation Group

Within this group, nonlethal fires predominate on 70-90 percent of the area within reserves, and

40-60 percent of the area outside reserves, burning in herbaceous vegetation at less that 25-year

intervals. The remaining fires are lethal or mixtures of nonlethal and lethal, with mortality of over-
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix M08D

story shrubs or conifers occurring. Seventy to 90 percent of the area within reserves areas, and

50-70 percent of the area outside reserves, are dominated by native grasses and forbs without

conifer and shrub encroachment.

Dry Shrub Potential Vegetation Group

In this group, about 25-45 percent of the fires are lethal within reserves, and 85-95 percent are

lethal outside reserves, causing overstory mortality in stages dominated by shrubs and conifers at

25- to 75-year intervals. On perennial bunchgrass dominated sites, nonlethal fires predominate at

25- to 75-year intervals.

Twenty to 40 percent of the area in this group within reserves is dominated by native grasses and

forbs with an overstory layer of shrubs. Five to 15 percent of the area within reserves is herbaceous-dominated. The remaining area within reserves is dominated by cheatgrass and noxious

weeds, dense sagebrush canopy areas, and seedings. Forty to 60 percent of the area outside of

reserves in the dry shrub potential vegetation group is dominated by shrub stages with a healthy

understory layer in which native grasses and forbs are well represented. Five to 20 percent of the

area is dominated by native grass and forb communities outside of reserves. The remaining area

outside reserves is dominated by closed shrub communities with declining herbaceous layers, by

annual grasses or by seedings of exotic grasses, and by other plants.

Cool Shrub Potential Vegetation Group

In this group, 60-80 percent of the fires are lethal within reserves, and 80-95 percent of the fires

are lethal ouside reserves. These lethal fires cause overstory mortality in stages dominated by

shrubs and conifers at 25- to 150-year intervals, with higher frequencies on more productive sites.

Twenty to 40 percent of the fires within reserves, and 5-15 percent of fires outside reserves are

nonlethal, occurring within herbaceous-dominated stages at intervals of less than 25 years.

Fifty to 70 percent of the area in this group is dominated by shrub stages with a healthy understory layer in which native grasses and forbs are well represented. Twenty to 40 percent of the area

within reserves, and 10-30 percent of the area outside reserves contains mixtures of perennial

grasses and forbs. Conifers are dominant on 5-10 percent of the area within reserves, and less

than 30 percent of the land outside reserves.

Rangeland wildlife habitat. All major rangeland cover types are included in the reserve system.

providing representation of habitat and areas large enough to support all native species. Reserves

represent the same habitats in several locations, to ensure that if a large disturbance event occurs

in one reserve, the effects are short term relative to the communities represented in all reserves.

Human activities are at levels that allow species to maintain expected distribution and abundance

for the habitats represented. Few roads are located within reserves. Because of these conditions,

biodiversity, species viability, and continued recovery of federally listed threatened and endangered species is occurring within reserves.

Rangeland habitat attributes outside of reserves are meeting the needs of endemic species, but

not to the same extent as within reserves. Vegetation conditions are not barriers to movement of

species between reserves. Conditions outside of reserves do not cause reserves to become

islands of habitat. Human activities are at levels that allow all species to maintain distribution and

abundance, but densities may be reduced. Use of roads are regulated as needed to maintain

habitat effectiveness for species persistence.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Appendix 14081

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC

Social and economic systems have adjusted to significant changes in the location, amounts and

product mix of commodity and noncommodity outputs from Federal lands in different parts of the

basin.

Human use and activities are very low within reserves but increase with distance away from

reserve boundaries. Because short-term restoration actions within reserves have been completed

by 50-100 years, economic benefits are no longer derived from reserve restoration activities.

In areas most affected by reserves, economic and social adjustments have completed a shift

away from commodity outputs and toward deriving the economic and social benefits of protected

biological resources.

In areas more distant from reserves and corridors, economic and social systems have adjusted to

stable outputs of commodities.

AQUATIC — RIAPARIAN — WATERSHEDS

Within Reserves

Riparian areas within reserves are resilient, diverse, and functioning within their site potential.

Many less resilient, more sensitive areas are recovering. Tall trees, moderate or large in diameter,

are fairly frequent within riparian areas. Riparian areas are covered by protective vegetation and

generally connected with their streams and upslopes. In rangeland reserves, riparian area soils

are dominated by native, deep-rooted plants, and shrubs are especially common along stream

banks. Wetlands are prevalent across the lower gradient valley bottoms.

Streams within reserves are generally productive, having a diversity and complexity of habitat.

Stream cover and structure from inputs of large wood and bank vegetation are abundant.

Substrates consist of a variety of particle sizes, which accommodate the spawning and rearing

needs of all species. Large, deep, and complex pools are common.

Most soils within reserves have protective cover, adequate levels of soil organic matter, and

coarse woody material that is well distributed in varying sizes and plant parts. Soils also have

adequate physical properties for vegetation growth and hydrologic function. Physical, chemical,

and biological processes of all soils function similarly to comparable soils which have not been

harmfully disturbed.

There is little evidence of openings from old road corridors across the landscape within reserves,

in riparian areas or elsewhere, and no evidence of new openings from road corridors.

Aquatic species habitat: within reserves. Restoration strategies have been implemented on

nearly all high-risk sites within reserve areas. This allows recovery of watershed, riparian, water

quality and aquatic conditions characteristic for that geoclimatic setting. Improved aquatic habitat

conditions allow threatened or endangered aquatic species populations to stabilize and expand

into previously occupied habitat. Native aquatic species population strongholds have increased

basin-wide. Major river corridor conditions allow near full expression of aquatic life histories.
This information is excerpted from the February 1996 version of the Eastside and Upper Columbia River Basin Preliminary Draft EISs.

It is provided here for reference only. At the time of this publication, the EISs were still in draft form. To see the specific objectives and

standards as they have evolved, please refer to the EIS documents directly.

Afjpewdix X-l$82

Outside of reserves

Riparian areas outside of reserves are mostly resilient and becoming diverse. Tall trees are uncommon in riparian areas. Most non-reserve riparian areas are connected to their upslopes and streams.

In rangelands outside of reserves, riparian area soils are covered by a mixture of exotic and

native vegetation. Wetlands are visible but infrequent in the lower gradient valley bottoms.

Streams are moderately productive and complex. Large, deep and complex pools are present in

many streams.

Many soils have protective cover, adequate levels of soil organic matter and coarse woody material.

The following DRFC also applies in Alternative 7:

1) Maintain and restore the distribution, diversity, and complexity of watershed and landscapescale features to ensure protection of the aquatic systems to which species populations and

communities are uniquely adapted.

2) Maintain and restore spatial and temporal connectivity within and between watersheds.

Lateral, longitudinal, and drainage network connections include floodplains, wetlands, upslope

areas, headwater tributaries, and intact strongholds. These connections must provide chemically and physically unobstructed routes to areas critical for fulfilling life history requirements of

aquatic and riparian-dependent species.

3) Maintain and restore the physical integrity of the aquatic system, including shorelines, banks,

and bottom configurations.

4) Maintain and restore water quality necessary to support healthy riparian, aquatic, and wetland

ecosystems. Water quality must remain in the range that maintains the biological, physical, and

chemical integrity of the ecosystem, benefitting survival, growth, reproduction, and migration of

individuals composing its aquatic and riparian communities.

5) Maintain and restore the sediment regime with which the aquatic system evolved. Elements of

the sediment regime include the timing, volume, rate, and character of sediment input, storage,

and transport.

6) Maintain and restore in-stream flows sufficient to create and sustain riparian, aquatic, and wetland habitats and to retain patterns of sediment, nutrient, and wood routing. The timing, magnitude, duration, and spatial distributions of peak, high, and low flows must be protected.

7) Maintain and restore the timing, variability, and duration of floodplain inundation and water

table elevation in meadows and wetlands.

8) Maintain and restore the species composition and structural diversity of plant communities in

riparian zones and wetlands to provide adequate summer and winter thermal regulation, nutrient filtering, appropriate rates of surface erosion, bank erosion, and channel migration and to

supply amounts and distributions of large wood sufficient to sustain physical complexity and

stability.

9) Maintain and restore habitat to support well distributed populations of native plant, invertebrate,

and vertebrate riparian-dependent species.
Appendix n

Common and scientific names of species.

Common name Scientific name

Flora:

African rue Peganum harmala

Alder Alnus hill

Bitter brush Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.

Blue-leaved penstemon Penstemon glaucinus

Broad-fruit mariposa Calochortus nitidus

Brome-grass Bromus L.

Buck rush Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) T. & G.

Canada thistle Cirsium arvense

Cheatgrass Bromus tectorum L.

Clustered lady's-slipper Cypripedium fasciculatum

Common crupina Crupina vulgaris

Crenulate grape-fern Botrychium crenulatum

Crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.

Cronquist's stickseed Hackelia cronquistii

Dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica

Diffuse knapweed Centaurea diffusa

Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco.

Dyers woad /safe tinctoria

Grand fir Abies grandis (Dougl.) Forbes

Green-tinged paintbrush Castilleja chlorotica

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Howellia Howellia aquatilis

Howell's gumweed Grindelia howellii

Huckleberries Vaccinium L.

Iberian starthistle Centaurea iberica

Idaho fescue Festuca idahoensis Elmer

Juniper Juniperus L.

Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis L.

Knapweed Centaurea L.

Leafy spurge Euphorbia esual L.

Lemhi penstemon Penstemon lemhiensis

Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Dougl.

Long-bearded mariposa-lily Calochortus longebarbatus var. longebarbatus

Macfarlane's four-o'clock Mirabilis macfarlanei

Malheur wire-lettuce Stephanomeria malheurensis

Manzanita Arctostaphylos Adans.

Matgrass Nardus stricta

Mediterranean sage Salvia aethiopis

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Mountain hemlock Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.

Mt. Mazama collomia Collomia mazama
Appeiwflx!MQS4

Mulford's milk-vetch Astragalus mulfordiae

Musk thistle Carduus nutans

Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum

Osgoodmountains milkvetch Astragalus yoder-williamsii

Palouse goldenweed Haplopappus liatriformis

Payson's milkvetch Astragalus paysonii

Peck's mariposa-lily Calochortus longebarbatus var. Peckii

Perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium

Picabo milkvetch Astragalus oniciformis

Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa Dougl.

Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria

Purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa

Pygmy monkeyflower Mimulus pygmaeus

Rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea

Russian knapweed Centaurea repens

Sagebrush Artemisia L.

Saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima

Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium

Spalding's campion Silene spaldingii

Spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum

Spotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa

Squarrose knapweed Centaurea virgata

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum

Subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.

Suksdorf's lomatium Lomatium suksdorfii

Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta

Syrian bean-caper Zygophyllum fabago

Tansy ragwort Senecio jacobaea

Thompson's clover Trifolium thompsonii

Twin-spike moonwort Botrychium paradoxum

Upward-lobed moonwort Botrychium ascendens

Washington monkeyflower Mimulus washingtonensis var. Washingtonensis

Washington polemonium Polemonium pectinatum

Weak milk-vetch Astragalus solitarius

Western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.

Western juniper Juniperous occidentalis Hook.

Western redcedar Thuja plicata Donn.

Western white pine Pinus monticola Dougl.

Wheat Triticum aestivum L.

White bark pine Pinus albicaulis Engelm.

White fir Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl.

Whitetop Cardaria spp.

Willow Salix L.

Yellow hawkweed Hieracium pratense

Yellow starthistle Centaurea solstitialis

Annual, Biennial Forb:

Alyssum desertorum

Amisimkia intermedia
AppemHx

H 1085

Blepharipappus scaber

Clarkia pulchella

Coldenia grand/flora

Collinsia parviflora

Collomia grand/flora

Cordylanthus ramosus

Cryptantha affinis

Cryptantha ambigua

Descurainia pinnata

Descurainia richardsonii

Draba verna

Epilobium minutum

Epilobium paniculatum

Eriogonum vimineum

Erodium cicutarium

Euphorbia spp.

Galium bifolium

Gayophytum humile

Gapophytum nuttallii

Hemizonia pungens

Holosteum umbellatum

Lactuca ludoviciana

Lagophylla ramosissima

Lay/a galndulosa

Lepidium perfoliatum

Linanthus harknessi

Lupinus microcarpus

Madia gracilis

Madia saliva

Microsteris gracilis

Mimulus breweri

Montia perfoliata

Navarretia sp.

Orthocarpus tenuifolius

Phacelia linearis

Plectritis macrocera

Polemonium micranthum

Polygonum majus

Ranunculus testiculatus

Ranunculus occidentalis

Sanguisorba minor

Sisymbrium altissimum

Taraxacum ceratophorum

Tragopogon dubius

Verbascum thapsus

Annual Grass:

Agrostis interrupta

Bromus brizaeformis

Bromus japonicus
Al&IXSMflJi

l JHQS6

Bromus mollis

Bromus tectorum

Festuca bromoides

Festuca microstachys

Festuca octoflora

Taeniatherum asperum

Perennial Forb:

Achillea millefolium

Agoseris glauca

Agoseris grandiflora

Allium acuminatum

Allium douglasii

Antennaria rosea

Antennaria dimorpha

Arabis hoboelii

Arabis puberula

Arabis sparsiflora

Aster campestris

Astragalus beckwithii

Astragalus curvicarpus

Astragalus filipes

Astragalus lentiginosus

Astragalus prushii

Astragalus reventus

Astragalus stenophyllus

Balsamorhiza careyana

Balsamorhiza sagittata

Calochortus macrocarpus

Castilleja applegatei

Castilleja chromosa

Chaenactis douglasii

Cheilanthes gracillima

Crepis acuminata

Crepis intermedia

Erigeron bloomeri

Erigeron elegantulus

Erigeron filifolius

Erigeron linearis

Erigeron poliospermus

Erigeron pumilus

Eriogonum heracleoides

Eriogonum microthecum

Eriogonum niveum

Eriogonum ovalifolium

Eriogonum sphaerocephalum

Eriogonum strictum

Eriogonum thymoides

Eriogonum umbellatum

Eriophyllum lanatum
AppemflxlMQS

?

Fritillaria pudica

Geum campanulatum

Hydrophyllum capitatum

Leptodactylon pungens

Linum perenne

Lithophragma bulbifera

Lomatium canbyi

Lomatium cous

Lomatium macrocarpum

Lomatium triternatum

Lupinus caudatus

Lupinus laxiflorus

Lupinus lepidus

Mertensia long/flora

Microseris nutans

Microseris troximoides

Orobanche uniflora

Penstemon humilis

Penstemon gracilis

Penstemon laetus

Penstemon richardsoni

Penstemon speciosus

Petalostemon ornatum

Phacelia hastata

Phlox douglasii

Phlox hoodii

Phlox longifolia

Potentilla glandulosa var. intermidia

Ranunculus occidentalis

Senecio canus

Senecio integerrimus

Sisyrinchium douglasi

Sisyrinchium idahoense

Stellaria americana

Stellaria nitens

Trifolium dubium

Trifolium macrocephalum

Trifolium microcephalum

Zygadenus paniculatus

Perennial Grass:

Agropyron saxocpla

Agropyron smithii

Agropyron spicatum

Bromus carinatus

Danthonia unispicata

Elymus cinereus

Keoleria cristata

Oryzopsis humenoides

Poa ampla
ApfXHwHxIMQSS

Poa bulbosa

Poa compressa

Poa cusickii

Poa pratensis

Poa sandbergii

Sitanion hystrix

Stipa columbiana

Stipa comata

Stipa occidentalis

Stipa thurberiana

Sedge:

Carex rossii

Carex geyeri

Kobresia simpliciuscula

Shrub:

Artemisia arbuscula

Atremisia tridentata spp. tridentata

Atremisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis

Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana

Artemisia rigida

Cercocarpus ledifolius

Chrysothamnus nauseosus

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus

Grayia spinosa

Holodiscus dumosus

Purshia tridentata

Ribes cereum

Symphoricarpos oreophilus

Tetradymia canescens

Tetradymia glabrata

Lichen: Texosporium sancti-jacobi

Invertebrates:

Arachnids, Pseudoscorpionida

Gastropoda Apochtonius malheuri

Acroloxus coloradensis

Cryptomastix magnidentata

Discus marmorensis

Megomphix lutarius

Monadenia felis minior

Oreohelix idahoensis idahoensis

Oreohelix jugalis

Oreohelix nevadensis

Oreohelix strigosa delicata

Oreohelix strigosa honiogyra

Oreohelix vortex

Oreohelix waltoni
A$>pemHxIMQ89

Insecta, Coleopatera Agonum belleri

Cicindela arenicola

Glacicavicola bathyscoides

Nebria gebleri fragariae

Nebria vandykei wyeast

Insecta, Lepidoptera Charidryas acastus dorothyea

Euphilotes rita mattonii

Limenitis archippus lahontani

Polites sabuleti sinemaculata

Polites mardon

Insecta, Orthopera Acrolophitus pulchellus

Mollusks:

Banbury Springs lanx Lanx n. sp. 1

Snake River physa Physa natricina

Idaho springsnail Pyrgulopsis idahoensis

Bliss Rapids springsnail Taylorconcha serpenticola

Desert valvata Valvata utahensis

Vertebrates:

Fish:

Bass Micropterus spp.

Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus

Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis

Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Goose Lake sucker Catostomus occidentalis lacusanserinus

Klamath largescale sucker Catostomus snyderi

Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi

Leatherside chub Gila cope/

Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus

Malheur sculpin Cottus bairdi ssp.

Margined sculpin Cottus marginatus

Oregon Lakes tui chub Gila bicolor oregonensis

Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata

Pit-Klamath Brook lamprey Lampetra lethophaga

Pygmy whitefish Prosopium coulteri

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ssp.

Shorthead sculpin Cottus confusus

Shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris

Slender sculpin Cottus tenuis

Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka

Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss

Torrent sculpin Cottus rhotheus

Walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum

Westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi
Appe<wHxIMQ90

Wood River Bridgelip sucker Catostomus columbianus hubbsi

Wood River sculpin Coitus leiopomus

Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri

Birds:

American kestrel Falco sparverius

American robin Turdus migratorius

Ash-throated flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens

Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus

Band-tailed pigeon Columba fasciata

Bank swallow Riparia riparia

Barn swallow Hirundo rustica

Barred owl Strix varia

Black-backed woodpecker Picoides arcticus

Black-billed magpie Pica pica

Black-capped rosy finch Leucosticte arctoa

Black-chinned hummingbird Archilochus alexandri

Black-throated gray warbler Dendroica nigrescens

Blue grouse Dendragapus obscurus

Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus

Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus

Boreal owl Aegolius funereus

Brewer's blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus

Brewer's sparrow Spizella breweri

Broad-tailed hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus

Burrowing owl Athene cunicularia

Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus

Canyon Wren Catherpes mexicanus

Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum

Chestnut-backed chickadee Parus rufescens

Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina

Chukar Alectoris chukar

Cliff swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota

Columbia sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus

Common loon Gavia immer

Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor

Common poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii

Common raven Corvus corax

Common snipe Gallinago gallinago

Cooper's hawk Accipiter cooperii

Downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens

Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri

European starling Sturnus vulgaris

Ferruginous hawk Buteo regalis

Flammulated ow lOtus flammeolus

Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos

Grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum

Gray flycatcher Empidonax wrightii
AppeiwflxS 1091

Gray partridge Perdix perdix

Great horned owl Bubo virginianus

Greater sandhill crane Grus canadensis tabida

Great gray owl Strix nebulosa

Green-tailed towhee Pipilo chlorurus

Hammond's flycatcher Empidonax hammondii

Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus

Horned lark Eremophila alpestris

House finch Carpodacus mexicanus

Lark bunting Calamospiza melanocorys

Lark sparrow Chondestes grammacus

Lazuli bunting Passerina amoena

Lewis' woodpecker Melanerpes lewis

Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus

Long-billed curlew Numenius americanus

Long-eared owl Asio otus

Merlin Falco columbarius

Mountain bluebird Sialia currucoides

Mountain chickadee Parus gambeli

Mountain quail Oreortyx pictus

Mourning dove Zenaida macroura

Northern flicker Colaptes auratus

Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis

Northern pygmy-owl Glaucidium gnoma

Northern rough-winged swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis

Northern shrike Lanius execubitor

Northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina

Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis

Pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus

Pine siskin Carduelis pinus

Pinyon jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus

Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus

Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea

Red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus

Red-naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis

Red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis

Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus

Ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus

Rock wren Salpinctes obsoletus

Rough-legged hawk Buteo lagopus

Rufous hummingbird Selasphorus rufus

Rufous-sided towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus

Sage sparrow Amphispiza belli

Sage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus

Sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus

Short-eared owl Asio flammeus

Southern red-backed vole Clethrionomys gapperi

Spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia
Appmdfciil-SOSK

Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri

Swainson's hawk Buteo swainsoni

Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus

Townsend's solitaire Madestes townsendi

Townsend's Warbler Dendroica townsendi

Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor

Turkey vulture Cathartes aura

Upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda

Vaux's swift Chaetura vauxi

Veery Catharus fuscescens

Vesper sparrow Pooecetes gramineus

Violet-green swallow Tachycineta thalassina

Western bluebird Sialia mexicana

Western meadowlark Sturnella neglecta

Western red-backed vole Clethrionomys californicus

Western screech owl Otus kennicottii

Western snowy plover Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus

Western tanager Piranga ludoviciana

White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis

White-headed woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus

White-winged crossbill Loxia leucoptera

Wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo

Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus

Williamson's sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus

Willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii

Wilson's warbler Wilsonia pusilla

Winter wren Troglodytes troglodytes

Wood duck Aix sponsa

Woodpecker Picoides spp.

Yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus

Yellow-breasted chat Icteria wrens

Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata

Yellow warbler Dendroica petechia

Mammals:

American badger Taxidea taxus

American marten Maries americana

Black bear Ursus americanus

Black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus

Bobcat Lynx rufus

Bushy-tailed woodrat Neotoma cinerea

California bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis californiana

Chipmunk Tamias spp.

Common porcupine Erethizon dorsatum

Coyote Canis latrans

Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus

Domestic horse (Feral) Equus caballus

Elk Cervus elaphus
AppeiwflxS 1093

Fisher Martes pennant!

Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes

Golden-mantled ground squirrel Spermophilus lateralis

Gray wolf Canis lupus

Great basin pocket mouse Perognathus parvus

Grizzly bear Ursus arctos

Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus

Least chipmunk Tamias minimus

Little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus

Long-eared myotis Myotis evotis

Long-legged myotis Myotis volans

Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata

Lynx Lynx lynx

Moose Alces alces

Mountain lion Felis concolor

Mountain (or bighorn) sheep Ovis canadensis

Mule or black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus

Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus

Northern grasshopper mouse Onychomys leucogaster

Ord's kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii

Pale western big-eared bat Plecotus townsendii pallescens

Pallid bat Antrozous pallidus

Pinon mouse Peromyscus truei

Pronghorn antelope Antilocapra americana

Pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis

Rocky Mountain elk Cervus elaphus nelsonii

Rocky Mountain gray wolf Canis lupis irremotus

Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans

Spotted bat Euderma maculatum

Squirrel Ammospermophilus spp.

Townsend's big-eared bat Plecotus townsendii

Townsend's ground squirrel Spermophilus townsendii

Washington ground squirrel Spermophilus Washington!

Western small-footed myotis Myotis ciliolabrum

White tail deer Odocoileus virginianus

White-tailed jack rabbit Lepus townsendii

Wolverine Gulo gulo

Woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou

Yellow-pine chipmunk Tamias amoenus

Yuma Myotis Myotis yumanensis

Amphibians and Reptiles:

Coeur d'Alene salamander Plethodon idahoensis

Common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis

Desert horned lizard Phrynosoma platyrhinos

Gopher snake Pituophis melanoleucus

Longnose leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii

Long-toed salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum
Appendix JMQ94

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1997 - 589-106 / 41217 REGION NO. 10

Mojave black-collared lizard Crotaphytus bicinctores

Night snake Hypsiglena torquata

Northern leopard frog Rana pipiens

Pacific treefrog Pseudacris regilla

Painted turtle Chrysemys picta

Racer Coluber constrictor

Rubber boa Charina bottae

Sagebrush lizard Sceloporus graciosus

Sharp-tailed snake Contia tenuis

Short-horned lizard Phrynosoma douglassii

Side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana

Southern alligator lizard Elgaria multicarinatas

Spotted frog species A Rana pretiosa sp. A

Spotted frog species B Rana pretiosa sp. B

Striped whipsnake Masticophis taeniatus

Tailed frog Ascaphus truei

Western fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Western pond turtle Clemmys marmorata

Western rattlesnake Crotalus viridis

Western skink Eumeces skiltonianus

Western toad Bufo boreas

Woodhouse's toad Bufo woodhousii
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Quigley, Thomas M.; Lee, Kristine M.; Arbelbide, Sylvia J., tech. eds. 1997. Evaluation of the

Environmental Impact Statement Alternatives by the Science Integration Team. 2 Vols. Gen. Tech.

Rep. PNW-GTR-406. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific

Northwest Research Station. 1094 p.

The Evaluation of EIS Alternatives by the Science Integration Team describes the outcomes, interactions, effects, and consequences likely to result from implementing seven different management

strategies on Forest Service (FS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) administered lands within the Interior Columbia Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. Two environmental

impact statement teams developed seven alternative approaches to the management of forest, rangeland, aquatic, and watershed systems of FS- and BLM- administered lands. The alternatives varied

from continuation of current management, to managing biodiversity within a network of large

reserves, to actively managing to restore ecosystem health and integrity. Continuing with current

management direction, in the absence of interim protection measures, results in continued declining trends in ecological integrity and increasing risk to species. No single alternative was found to

result in improved outcomes for all species, reduced risk to ecological integrity, and improved

resiliency for social and economic systems. Alternatives that prioritize activities to restore and/or

maintain ecological integrity and simultaneously provide desired goods and services within the

capability of the ecosystem appear to have favorable trends in most species outcomes, landscape

functions, and resiliency in social and economic systems. The Draft and Final Environmental

Impact Statements are expected to differ to some extent from the preliminary Draft Environmental

Impact Statement analyzed for this evaluation.
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