Petition CP 12-3 

233 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE ••SCHIFFHARDINup SUITE 6600 

CHICAGO, IWNOlS 60606 

William M. t 312.258.5500 Hannay 


312-258-5617 
 f312.258. 5600 

whannay@schiffhardin.com www.schiffhardin.com 

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0 ~ % ...... <::: June 26, 2012 N '"'f1::r ro oeo ...J 0.. 

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m () )> BY E-MAIL (') -0 .... 

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Mary 0.' F. Toro -.. C 

"';:', W Director of Regulatory Enforcement 


Consumer Product Safety Commission 


4330 East West Highway 


Bethesda, MD 20814 


Re: Petition of Safety Glazing Certification Council to Initiate Rulemaking 

Dear Ms Toro: 

Following up on our conference call last month, I am enclosing (in pdf format) a copy ofthe 

Petition ofthe Safety Glazing Certification Council to Initiate Rulemaking to Amend 16 C.F.R. Part 

1201, Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials, and three accompanying exhibits. 

You had suggested that we submit this petition to you and that you would forward it to the 

Secretary ofthe Commission for docketing. 

We appreciate your courtesy in this matter and look forward to working with the Staff in 

connection with our petition. Please let me know ifyou have any questions now or in the future. 

William 

;m~ M. Hannay 

cc: Thomas Henehan 

CHICAGO I WASHINGTON I NEW YORK I LAKE FOREST I ATLANTA I SAN FRANCISCO I BOSTON I ANN ARBOR I CHARLOTTE 
Petition CP 12-3 

BEFORE THE 

U.S. CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION 

PETITION REQUESTING THE COMMISSION TO INITIATE A RULEMAKING TO 


AMEND 16 C.F.R. PART 1201, SAFETY STANDARD FOR 


ARCHITECTURAL GLAZING MATERIALS 


PETITION OF 


SAFETY GLAZING CERTIFICATION COUNCIL 


William M. Hannay 

Counsel for Safety Glazing Certification Council 

Schiff Hardin LLP 

233 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 6600 

Chicago IL 60606 

(312) 258-5617 

June 26,2012 
BEFORE THE 

U.S. CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION 

PETITION REQUESTING THE COMMISSION TO INITIATE A RULEMAKING TO 


AMEND 16 C.F.R. PART 1201, SAFETY STANDARD FOR 


ARCHITECTURAL GLAZING MATERIALS 


PETITION OF 


SAFETY GLAZING CERTIFICATION COUNCIL 


INTRODUCTION 

Pursuant to Sections 7 and 9 ofthe Consumer Product Safety Act, 15 U.S.C. 

Sections 2056 and 2058, and the u.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission ("Commission") 

regulations issued thereunder at 16 C.F.R. Part 1201, the Safety Glazing Certification Council 

files this petition requesting the Commission to initiate a rulemaking to amend 16 C.F .R. Part 

1201, Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials, by replacing the test procedures now 

contained in 16 C.F.R. § 1201.4 with the methods of test for safety glazing materials set forth in 

ANSI Z97.1 (most current version). 

• The proposed amendment is illustrated in a markup of 16 C.F.R. Part 1201, attached 

hereto as Exhibit A. 

• A copy ofthe most current version ofANSI Z97.1 is attached hereto as Exhibit B.1 

• A comparison ofthe two test methods is attached hereto as Exhibit C. 

I The most current version of ANSI Z97.1 is designated "2009€2", meaning that it was 

approved pursuant to ANSI procedures in 2009 and was shortly thereafter amended to correct 

minor errata (,,€2,,) after publication. The attached copy is licensed to CPSC for the purposes of 

this petition. 

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In support ofthis request, SGCC® submits the following information: 

INTEREST OF THE PETITIONER 

The Safety Glazing Certification Council ("SGCC®") is a non-profit corporation that 

provides for the certification of safety glaz.ing materials to various safety standards, including 16 

CFR Part 1201 and ANSI Z97.1. Established in 1971, SGCC® has the following purposes: 

(a) To promote public safety by encouraging maintenance ofthe highest standards of 

excellence in the manufacture ofsafety glazing materials. 

(b) To encourage and cooperate in developing standards related to other performance 

characteristics of glazing products. 

(c) To plan, organize, direct, coordinate and maintain a certification program for 

glazing materials to assure that glazing products meet applicable standards or 

performance requirements adopted or approved by the Council. 

The organization is managed by a board ofdirectors comprised equally of representatives 

from the public interest sector and from the safety glazing industry. For more than thirty years, 

SGCC® has maintained a certification program under which manufacturers of safety glazing 

products voluntarily submit their products for testing to an SGCC-approved independent testing 

laboratory. The testing procedures used in SGCC®'s program are those established in ANSI 

Z97.l and CPSC 16 C.F.R. Part 1201. Participants in the SGCC® program undergo facility 

auditing and independent test sample selection and testing every 6 months. SGCC® currently 

has over ISO licensed manufacturers with approximately 250 manufacturing or fabricating 

facilities in the United States and over 15 foreign countries. 

Management and control of SGCC® is vested in a board ofdirectors, half representing 

industry and half representing the public interest. To prevent industry dominance of SGCC® 

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actions, half the voting power ofthe board resides in the public interest directors regardless of 

the number ofdirectors present at a meeting. For further information, see http://sgcc.org. 

SGCC® licensees that manufacture or fabricate safety glazing materials must certify that 

the labeled material complies with the applicable specification (either or both 16 CFR Part 1201 

or ANSI Z97.1). Compliance ofa certified product with the applicable specification(s) is 

checked periodically by approved independent testing laboratories under the supervision of a 

qualified Administrator, retained by and responsible to SGCC®, who is unaffiliated with any 

licensee of safety glazing materials. 

PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO PART 1201 

Based on over 30 years experience in the administration ofthe certification ofsafety 

glazing materials under both ANSI Z97.1 and CPSC's 16 CFR Part 1201, SOCOi> represents to 

the Commission that consumers and the glazing industry would be far better served by replacing 

Part 1201' s older test procedures with ANSI Z97. t 's more efficient and more modern 

procedures. By testing under a single test procedure for both standards, consumers would be 

assured ofmore uniform and up-to-date methods of testing to confirm the safety characteristics 

of glazing products, the industry will avoid the burden and confusion from having to conduct 

duplicative testing, and the test laboratory community will have the clarity of a single 

methodology and avoid the necessity ofhaving to maintain separate types oftesting equipment. 

16 CFR Part 120 t serves two functions: (l) it serves as a specification for glazing 

materials in doors (and other locations) as described in § 1201.1 and (2) it sets forth a test 

methodology in § 1201.4 to establish that glazing products meet that specification. SOCC® does 

not propose any change to the scope and exemptions contained in § 120 t.1 ; we do, however, 

recommend replacing the test methodology contained in § 1201.4. 

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SGCC® recommends that -- in lieu ofthe test methodology described in § 1201.4-­

ANSI Z97.1 (most current version) be substituted as the test method. Specifically, SGCC® 

proposes that all ofthe text of §1201.4 (and the accompanying Figs. 1-5) be deleted and that in 

their place be substituted the following: 

§ 1201.4 Test procedures 

Testing shall be in accordance with the test provisions of ANSI 

Z97.1 (most current version), "American National Standard for 

Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings - Safety Performance 

Specifications and Methods ofTe st." 2 

A copy of 16 C.F .R. Part 1201 -- marked to show the proposed deletion and addition -- is 

attached hereto as Exhibit A. A copy ofthe most current version ofANSI Z97.1 (licensed to 

CPSC for the purposes ofthis petition) is attached hereto as Exhibit B. See ANSI Z97.1, 

Sections 4 ("Specimens to Be Tested") and 5 ("Test Specifications"). 

HISTORY AND PROCEDURES OF ANSI Z97.1 

ANSI Z97.1 (Standard - Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings - Safety 

Performance Specifications and Methods ofTest) was first developed under the auspices ofthe 

American National Standards Institute in the 1960s. Successive Accredited Standards 

Committees (ASCs) have been formed over the intervening years to review, develop and 

maintain Z97.1 to establish the specifications and methods oftest for the safety properties of 

"safety glazing materials" (glazing materials designed to promote safety and to reduce or 

minimize the likelihood of cutting and piercing injuries when the glazing materials are broken by 

2 Copies of ANSI Standard Z97.1 (most current version) are available from the American 

National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, or online at 

http://webstore.ansi.org/FindS landards.aspx ?SearchString=Z97. I&SearchOption=O&PageN um= 

O&SearchTermsArray=null% 7cZ97.1 % 7cnull. 

-4­
human contact) as used for all building and architectural purposes. The ASC maintains a public 

website at http://www.l.msiz97.com. 

The current version ofthe ANSI standard (2009€2) is a successor standard to the 2004€ 

edition and is the product ofseveral years ofmeetings, votes, and ongoing work by the 

Accredited Standards Committee and its members. The 2004€ standard succeeded those ofthe 

1984 (reaffirmed in 1994), 1975, 1972 and 1966 editions. The current standard, like its 

predecessors, was developed under procedures accredited by ANSI as meeting the criteria for 

American National Standards. The consensus committee that approved the Standard was 

balanced to ensure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an 

opportunity to participate. Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by 

ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been 

met by the standards developer, in this case ASC 297. 

Consensus is established when, in the judgment ofthe ANSI Board of Standards Review, 

substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial 

agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus 

requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward 

their resolution. The current ASC for 297.1 consists ofrepresentatives from approximately 30 

glass manufacturers, interlayer makers, fabricators, consultants, and specifiers as well as 12 

individual members (including the Administrator ofthe SGCC®) and observers (including 

representatives of the CPSC).3 

3 The primary observer for the CPSC on ASC 297 was Thomas Caton, and the alternate 

member was Mark Kumagai. 

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RATIONALE FOR THE AMENDMENT 


Congress has expressed its preference in 15 U.S.C. § 2056(b) for the Commission to rely 

upon voluntary consumer product safety standards whenever compliance with such voluntary 

standards would eliminate or adequately reduce the risk of injury addressed and it is likely that 

there will be substantial compliance with such voluntary standards. Here, SGCC® believes that 

these Congressional concerns and the public interest would be well-served by the replacement of 

the existing test methodology set forth in Section 1201.4 with the methods oftest for safety 

glazing material set forth in ANSI Z97.1 (most current version). (A chart comparing and 

commenting on the differences between CPSC 16 C.F.R. 1201 and ANSI Z97.1 is attached to 

this Petition as Exhibit C.) 

As a historical matter, in its original development of 16 CFR Part 1201, the Commission 

was influenced by ANSI Z97.1. 4 The test methodology in Section 1201.4, however, has not been 

maintained and kept up-to-date, and many aspects of it that need clarification have not been 

clarified since its original adoption by the Commission. By contrast, ANSI Z97.1 has continued 

to evolve and improve, through and including the current 2009£2 version, and has regularly been 

modified to deal with important issues that have arisen over the years. S For example, 16 CFR § 

1201.4 does not provide any guidance for testing "bent glass" - which has become a 

4 The Commission noted that it reviewed information contained in ANSI Z97.1-1975 to 

determine appropriate levels of test impact energy, see 42 Fed. Reg. 1434, and revised its 

proposed labeling language to conform with ANSI Z97.1 's labeling requirements, see 42 Fed. 

Reg. 1441. The test method set forth in 16 CFR § 1201.4 was also influenced by ANSI Z97.1­

1972. Cj. 41 Fed. Reg. 6182 (Feb. 11, (976) (proposed rule permitting continued use ofZ97.1 

impact test frames). This language, however, did not appear in the final version of the Rule in 

, January 1977. Cj. 41 Fed. Reg. 1445. 

S For the very reason that Z97.1 is regularly updated, SGCC® recommends that the 

phras~ "most current version" be added to the references to Z97.1 in the revised Section 1201.4 

in o~et to ensure that Part 1201' s test procedures are always up-to-date. 

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commercially important building tool- while ANSI Z97.1-2009€2 does. There are other practical 

issues in the use ofSection 1201.4 test equipment that have been clarified and addressed in 

Z97.l-2009€2 (e.g., evaluation oflaminated glass after breakage). 

The use of a single test method and qualification procedure - ANSI Z97.1 (most current 

version) - would allow greater understanding by consumers, specifiers (such as architects), 

building code officials, as well as the industry and the test labs. Unlike Part 1201, ANSI Z97.1 is 

updated and reviewed on a five to ten year cycle so that it has and will remain in step with the 

industry and technology being used by consumers. 

6 

In the view ofSGCC®, ANSI Z97.1 is a more rigorous test standard than Part 1201 and 

will better protect the consumer. For example: 

(1) Z97.1 requires that more samples be tested while Section 1201.4 has been interpreted 

as requiring only one sample to be tested, 

(2) Z97.l requires an additional center-punch test for some products, and 

(3) Z97.1 builds in increased durabil ity test requirements. 

From a safety perspective, it should be noted that ANSI Z97.1 does not include wired 

glass as a "safety glazing material" and similarly excludes from the definition other types of 

glass that, ifbroken, can be hazardous not only because oftheir cutting and piercing potential, 

but also because a break may be life threatening.' The new interpretation and qualification 

6 SGCC® notes that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ("NHTSA") 

has taken a similar approach to that recommended here. On July 12,2005, NHTSA published a 

Final Rule amending 49 CFR 571.205, Glazing Materials, 132 FR 39959, which adopts by 

reference ANSUSAE Z26.1-1996 for the testing ofautomotive glazing materials. 

, 16 CFR 1201(c) exempts from wired glass Part 1201 where its use is required by 

ordinance and also excludes certain other products. SGCC® is not requesting any change in 

these exemptions. 

-7­
procedures for ANSI Z97.1 will allow for tighter control over glazing perfonnance in hazardous 

locations including doors. 

There is a trend towards adopting and referencing ANSI Z97.1 in other standards. For 

example, Z97.1 is now being referenced in Building Codes such as IBC 2012 and IRC 2012. In 

addition, Z97.1 is referenced in the new standard for glass in table tops being developed by 

ASTM's Subcommittee F15,42 on Furniture Safety. See ASTM WK22334, 

http://www.astm.orgldatabase.cartiworkitems/WK22334.htlll. (Glass in table tops has been an 

issue with injuries over the past years and is not addressed in 16 CFR Part 1201.) 

Currently, 16 CFR Part 1201 covers only doors, door leaves and such. Glazing materials, 

however, are being used in much broader expanses than in the past, and ANSI Z97.1 is 

commensurately broad. There is great confusion in the industry regarding which test 

methodology needs to be used in what circumstance and how different the tests are, as between 

the ANSI and CPSC standards. SGCC is often asked whether one test method is acceptable for 

the other. At present, manufacturers must shoulder the burden of paying for dual qualification 

testing when the adoption of a single test procedure could avoid that unnecessary duplication. 

ANSI Z97.1 broadly defines and applies to safety glazing products for all applications, 

while 16 CFR Part 1201 applies more narrowly. The existence oftwo test methodologies for the 

two standards creates confusion among members ofthe industry, the consuming public, and the 

building code community. Because ofthis confusion, various specifying entities reference one or 

both standards. This in turn forces most manufacturers to perfonn redundant testing to both 

standards. This creates wasted expense and a misutilization of resources. 

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CONCLUSION 

For these reasons, SGCC respectfully requests that this petition be docketed for public 

comment and urges the Commission to publish the revised 16 CFR § 1201.4 as a proposed rule 

and move rapidly towards issuance of the revision as a final rule under the Consumer Product 

Safety Act. 

DATED: June 26, 2012 

William M. Hannay 

Counsel for Safety Glazing Certification Council 

Schiff Hardin LLP 

233 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 6600 

Chicago IL 60606 

-9­
Con,um.r Product Safety Commllllon 

11143.1 Ember1aiD, materiahl (ambel'll

aDd aah) ClOntabUn, re.plrable fre.. form aabellto.; rbk of CaD_ lUIIIOCi. 

_ted. with iDhalatiOD of aabeatoe ft. 

ben. 

(a) The Commission finds that it is in 

the public interest to regulate the risk 

of cancer associated with inhalation of 

asbestos fibers from artlflcial 

emberizing materiais (embers and ash) 

containing respirable free·form asbes· 

tos under the Consumer Product Safety 

Act (CPSA) rather than under the Fed· 

eral Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) 

because of the desirablUty of aVOiding 

possibly lengthy. resource-consuming. 

inefficient rulemaking proceedings 

under the FHSA. and because of the 

avatlablUty of civll penalties under the 

CPSA for knowing noncompltance. 

(b) Therefore. arttftc1al emberlzing 

materials (embers and ash) containing 

respirable free-form asbestos are regulated under the CPSA. 

(42 FR 63354. Dec. IS. 1971] 

111141.9-1148.11 [ReleE'ved] 

f 1141.18 Lillhten that are intended 

for ipitfn, IIJDO~ materiala and 

that caD be operated by childreD; 

riab of death or ~ury. 

(a) The Commission finds that It Is In 

the public interest to regulate under 

the Consumer Product Safety Act any 

risks of lrijury associated with the fact 

that lighters intended for Igniting 

smoking materials can be operated by 

young chlldren. rather than regulate 

such risks under the Federal Hazardous 

Substances Act or the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970. 

(b) Therefore. If the Commission 

finds regulation to be necessary. risks 

of death or lrijury that are associated 

with l1ghters that are Intended for Igniting smoking materials. where such 

risks exlst because the ltghters can be 

operated by young children. shall be 

regulated under one or more provisions 

of the Consumer Product Safety Act. 

Other risks associated with such light­ ers. and that are based solely on the 

fact that the lighters contain a haz. 

ardous substance. shall continue to be 

regulated under the Federal Hazardous 

Substances Act. 

[51 FR 37556. July 12. 19931 

EXHIBIT A 

pt. 1201 

f 1141.17 Multl·purpo18 1111hten that 

CaD be operated by children; nab 

of death or iJVury. 

(a) The Commission finds that it is In 

the pubUc Interest to regulate under 

the Consumer Product Safety Act any 

risks of Injury associated with the fact 

that mUlti-purpose lighters can be operated by young chlldren. rather than 

to regulate such risks under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act or the 

Polson Prevention Packaging Act of 

1970. 

(b) Therefore. If the Commission 

finds regulation to be necessary. risks 

of death or Injury that are associated 

with multi-purpose lighters because 

the lighters can be operated by young 

chUdren shall be regulated under one or more provisions of the Consumer 

Product Safety Act. Other risks that are essociated with such lighters. and 

that are bued solely on the fact that 

the lighters contain a hazardous substance. shall continue to be regulated 

under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act. 

[84 FR 71884. Dec. 22, 19991 

PART 1201-SAFETY STANDARD 

FOR ARCHITECTURAL GlAZING 

MATERIALS 

Subpart A-The Standard 

Sec. 

l3Ol.l scope. application and findings. 

1201.2 Deflnltions. 

120I.S Cenera1 requirements. 

1201.4 Test procedures. 

1301.5 Certification and labeUng requirements. 1201.8 Prohibited stockpll1ng. 

1201.7 Effectlv. date. 

FIGURIt I TO SUBPART A-CLASS IMPACT TEsT 

STRUCTURl! 

FIGURIt 2 TO SUBPART A-TEsT FRAMR 


FIGURES 3 AND 4 TO SUBPART A-TEsT SPECI­


MENS 

FIGUR! 5 TO SUBPART A-IMPACTOR 

Subpart B [ReMfVed] 

Subpart C-Statemenfl of Policy and 


Inte'Pretatlon 


1201.40 Interpretation concerning bethtub 

and shower doors and enclosures. 

At.mfORlTY: Secs. 2, 3. 1. 8. 14. 19. Pub.!... 

92-573. 88 Stet. 1212-17; (1$ U.S.C. 2051, 2052. 

2056. 2051, 2083, 2068). 

193 
§ 1201.1 

SOURCE: 42 FR 1441, Jan. 6, 1977, unless oth· 

erwlse noted. 

Subpart A-The standard 

§ 1201.1 Scope, application and fwdings. 

(a) Scope. This part 1201, a consumer 

product safety standard, prescribes the 

safety requirements for glazing mate· 

rials used or intended for use in any of 

the following architectural products: 

(1) Storm doors or combination 

doors. 

(2) Doors. 

(3) Bathtub doors and enclosures. 

(4) Shower doors and enclosures. 

(5) [Reserved] 

(6) Sliding glass doors (patio-type). 

It also requires that these architectural products which incorporate glazing materials be constructed with glazing materials that meet the requIrements of this part. The safety requirements are designed to reduce or eliminate unreasonable risks of death or serious injury to consumers when glazing 

material is broken by human contact. 

(b) Appllcatlon. This part 1201 shall 

apply to glazing materials, as that 

term is defined in § 1201.2(a){Il). for use 

in the architectural products listed in 

paragraph (a) of this section: and to 

those architectural products listed in 

paragraph (a) of this section if they are 

made with. or incorporate glazing materials as that term is defined in 

§ 1201.2(n){1l). The standard applies to 

glazing materials and architectural 

products incorporating glazing materials that are produced or distributed 

for sale to or for the personal use, consumption or enjoyment of consumers 

in or around a permanent or temporary 

household or residence or in recreational. school, public. or other 

buildings or parts thereof. This part 

1201 applies only to those glazing materials manufactured after the effective 

date of the standard; and to those architectural products identified in paragraph (a) of this section that are manufactured after the effective date of the 

standard. Thus. architectural products 

identified in paragraph (a) of this sec­ tion manufactured after the effective 

date of the standard must incorporate 

glazing materials that comply with the 

standard. For purposes of this stand16 CFR Ch. II (1-1-05 Edition) 

ard, fabricators are considered to be 

manufacturers of the architectural 

products listed in paragraph (a) of this 

section. Architectural glazing materials used in the products listed in 

paragraph (a) of this section and used 

in mobile homes are not subject to the 

provisions of this part 1201. While this 

part 1201 prescribes a test method to 

determine whether glazing materials 

subject to this part 1201 standard meet 

the reqUirements of the standard, the 

standard itself does not require that a 

manufacturer test any glazing materials or products subject to the standard. All obligations of manufacturers 

to perform testing are imposed by section 14 of the Consumer Product Safety 

Act and certification regulations which 

will be established by a separate rulemaking proceeding. However. the Commission intends to use the test procedures set forth in this part 1201 to determine whether materials and products subject to the standard meet the 

requirements of the standard. 

(c) Exemptions. The following products. materials and uses are exempt 

from this part 1201: 

(1) Wired glass used in doors or other 

assemblies to retard the passage of fire, 

where such door or assembly is required by a federal. state. local. or mu­ nicipal fire ordinance. 

(2) Louvers ofjalOUSie doors: 

(3) Openings in doors through which a 

3 inch diameter sphere Is unable to 

pass: 

(4) Carved glass (as defined in 

§ 1201.2(a)(36». dalle glass (as defined in 

§ 1201.2(a)(37)). or leaded glass (as defined in §IZ01.2(a)(14». which is used in 

doors and glazed panels (as defined in 

§§ 120l.Z(a)(7) and (a)(10» if the glazing 

material meets all of the following criteria: 

(1) The coloring. texturing, or other 

design qualities or components of the 

glazing material cannot be removed 

without destroying the material: and 

(li) The primary purpose of such glazing is decorative or artistic; and 

(iii) The glazing material Is conspicuously colored or textured so as to be 

plainly visible and plainly identifiable 

as aesthetic or decorative rather than 

functional (other than for the purpose 

of admitting or controlliing admission 

194 
Consumer Product Safety Commission 

of light components or heat and cold); 

and 

(iv) The glazing material. or assembly into which it is incorporated.· is divided into segments by conspicuous 

and plainly visible lines. 

(5) Glazing materials used as curved 

glazed panels in revolving doors; 

(6) Commercial refrigerated cabinet 

glazed doors. 

(d) Findingsl-(I) The degree and na­ ture of the risk of injury the rule is designed to eliminate or reduce. The Commission finds that the nature of the 

risks of injury this standard is designed to eliminate or reduce are as 

follows: 

(1) Lacerations. contusions. abrasions. and other injury or death resulting from walking or running into 

glazed doors or sliding glass doors believed to be open or glazed panels mistaken as a means of ingress or egress. 

or pushing against glazing material in 

doors or glazed panels in an attempt to 

open a door. 

(li) Lacerations. contusions. abrasions. and other injury or death resulting from aCcidentally falling into or 

through glazed doors. sliding glass 

doors. glazed panels. bathtub doors and 

enclosures and shower doors and enclosures. 

(iii) Lacerations. contusions. abrasions. and other injury or death resulting from the act of installing. replacing. storing or otherwise manipulating 

glazing material in doors. sliding glass 

doors. glazed panels. bathtub doors and 

enclosures and shower doors and enclosures. or from broken glazing material 

in doors. sliding glass doors. glazed 

panels. bathtub doors and enclosures 

and shower doors and enclosures. The 

I The Commlsslon's findings apply to the 

architectural glazing standard as Issued at 42 

FR 1426. on January 6. 1977. Since that date. 

the Commission has revoked portions of the 

standard which prescribed requirements for 

"glazed panels" (45 FR 57383. August 28. 1980); 

an accelerated environmental durability test for· plastlc glazing materials Intended for 

outdoor exposure (45 FR 66002. October 6. 

1980); and a modulus of elasticity test. a hardness test:. and an Indoor aging test appll· 

cable to plastic glazing materials (47 FR 

27856. June 28. 1982). However. the findings 

have not been revised and they are therefore. not fully applicable to the remaining reo 

qulrements of the standard. 

§ 1201.1 

Commission estimates that 73.000 injuries associated with architectural glazing materials in the architectural products within the scope of this standard 

were treated in hospital emergency 

rooms during 1975. and that about 2.400 

of these injuries required the patients 

to be hospitalized. Extrapolating to 

total injuries in the United States the 

Commission further estimates that approximately 190.000 injuries were associated with architectural glazing products covered by this standard. Although injuries occur at any age, children aged 14 and under appear to be at 

particular risk of injury since as a 

group they represent apprOXimately 

half the injuries while comprising less 

than 30 percent of the population. Lacerations are the most common injuries 

associated with architectural glaZing 

materials and account for 72 percent to 

93 percent of the injuries associated 

with the architectural products identified in paragraph (a) of this section. 

These lacerative injuries span a broad 

spectrum of severity and extent of 

body part affected. During 1975, an estimated 200 injuries were treated in 

emergency rooms for lacerations over 

25 to 50 percent of the victims' bodies 

and over 7.000 persons were treated for 

lacerations to the head or face. On the 

basis of all injury information available to the Commission, it is apparent 

that the severity of the injuries associated with architectural glazing materials ranges from minor cuts to damage 

to tendons. nerves, muscles. and blood 

vessels resulting in extensive surgery. 

Peripheral nerve injuries result in 

varying degres of loss in sensation and 

motion which may never be restored 

completely. Tendon and muscle injuries may involve loss of movement. 

Some victims of architectural glazing 

material incidents are disfigured. and 

sustain emotional trauma as well. Severing of arteries and veins has led to 

death. One way of quantifying the extent of the public health problem relating to injuries associated with products 

is to estimate the total number of disability days resulting from the injuries. Using average days of restricted 

activity by age for specific injuries and 

body parts (Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, Number 57. National 

195 
§ 1201.1 

Center for Health Statistics. U.S. Department of Health. Education. and 

Welfare). it is estimated that about 

230.000 days of restricted activity resulted from injuries associated with architectural products which were treated in emergency rooms alone. 

(2) TlJe approximate number of con­ sumer products, or types or classes thereof, subject to the standard. The types of 

glazing materials affected by or subject 

to the standard are laminated glass. 

tempered glass. wired glass. organiccoated glass. annealed glass. and plastics. Architectural products that incorporate the aforementioned glazing materials that are also affected by or subject to the standard are; storm doors or 

combination doors. doors. bathtub 

doors. and enclosures. shower doors 

and enclosures. glazed panels and sliding glass doors (patio-type) (see paragraph (a) of this section). The Commission has estimated that 13 to 16 percent 

of the total market for glazing material incorporated in products within 

the scope of the standard will be affected by the standard. Most of the 

glazing subject to the standard is currently covered by state safety glazing 

legislation. To date. more than 30 

states have enacted safety glazing legislation. but this legislation is neither 

consistent nor completely uniform 

among states. Annual markets for the 

architectural products which incorporate glazing material and that are 

within the scope of the standard have 

been estimated by the Commission in 

terms of square feet of glazed area and 

number of units. The market for glazing material incorporated in products 

within the scope of the standard was 

estimated to be 234.8 million square 

feet in 1975. These figures are discussed 

in the Economic Impact Statement. pp. 

3-7. and appendix A to the Economic 

Impact Statement. pp. 18-30. which are 

available for review in the Office of the 

Secretary of the Commission. Washington. D.C. 20207. 

(3) The need ofthe public for the architectural glazing material and products incorporating that glazing material subject 

to the standard. and the probable effect of 

the standard upon the utJlity. cost or avallabJlity of those products to meet the 

need of the pubIJc-(i) The need of the 

public for the architectural glazing mate16 CFR Ch. II (1-1-05 Edition) 

rials and products incorporating that 

glazing material. The need of the public 

for architectural products within the 

scope of the standard incorporating 

glazing material is substantial since 

these products serve such functions as 

transmission of light. visual communication. protection from weather. ventilation. and indoor climate control. 

and since reasonable substitutes for 

these products do not exist as a group. 

Each of the types of glazing material 

subject to the standard has individual 

properties which meet public needs. although one type of glazing material is 

often an acceptable substitute for another. 

(il) Probable effect of the standard 

upon the cost ofarchitectural glazing ma­ terials and architectural products incorporating the glazing material to meet the 

need of the public for the products. The 

probable cost effects of the standard 

for architectural glazing materials are 

listed below. 

(A) The cost impact of the standard 

on consumers will be concentrated in 

those states with no present state safety glazing legislation. In those states. 

the average increase in cost per housing start resulting from the standard is 

estimated to range from $30 to $50. or 

approXimately one-tenth of one percent 

of the price of a typical new house; and 

the cost for residential remodeling and 

replacement is expected to be in the 

range of SO.25 to SO.30 per household annually. 

(B) The increased cost of glazing material for nonresidential uses will be 

paid ultimately by consumers through 

higher prices of goods and services. 

Generally. the increased cost of glazing 

is not passed to consumers immediately. but is spread over the life of 

the nonresidential structure. Therefore. the increased cost to consumers 

for glazing material in nonresidential 

structures will probably rise slowly 

over time to an annual level of approximately SI.IO per household in states 

with no safety glazing legislation and 

$0.20 to SO.50 per household in the other 

states. In many of the states with state 

regulations. the impact of the standard 

on residential construction and new 

housing prices will be near zero. since 

most of the glazing is currently covered by the state glazing legislation. 

196 

Consumer Product Safety Commission 

(C) The probable effect of the standard on the various glazing materials 

within the scope of the standard will 

differ. The retail price of laminated 

glass used in some Category II applications will probably increase by 10 to 15 

percent per square foot. The incremental cost to consumers for ungraded 

laminated glass is estimated to be approximately $0.14 per household, annually. The cost to consumers for tempered glass, organic-coated glass, and 

plastics is not expected to increase because of the standard. Information 

available to the Commission indicates 

that the technology needed for producing wired glass which can comply 

with the standard is not readily available. See appendix A of the Economic 

Impact Statement. pp. 45-56. for the incremental cost calculation by product 

category and application. 

(ut) Probable effect of the standard 

upon the utility of archltectural glazing 

materials and architectural products incorporatlng the glazing materials to meet 

the need of the publJc for the products. 

The probable effect of the standard in 

regard to the utility of architectural 

glazing materials and the architectural 

products incorporating glazing material should be to increase the utUity of 

the products. The basic effect of the 

standard woul.d be the substitution of 

certain safer glazing materials for annealed glass in certain architectural 

products. The Commission believes 

that such a substitution would increase 

utility for most consumers because of 

the usually increased durability of the 

glazing material that complies with 

the Commission's standard. and the 

knowledge that the product incorporating the glazing material is safer. 

There will be disutility for those consumers who prefer non-complying 

wired glass and organic-coated glass 

when these materials become unavailable for certain applications due to 

their likely inabUity to comply with 

the standard. However, the share of the 

glazing material market claimed by organic-coated and wired glass is small. 

(iv) Probable effect of the standard 

upon the availability of architectural 

glazing materials and architectural products Incorporatlng the glazing materials to 

meet the need of the pUblic for the products. The Commission finds that the 

§ 1201.1 

proposed standard should not have impacts of significant magnitude on the 

aVailability of architectural products 

within the scope of the standard. since 

domestic production capacity appears 

to be sufficient to handle any increased 

demand for glazing material to be used 

in those products. In addition. an increased demand for raw materials necessary to manufacture glazing materials that comply with the standard 

wtll be small in comparison to the volume of raw materials currently used 

for glazing for the products that wtll be 

subject to the standard. Furthermore. 

no major change in demand for the architectural products subject to the 

standard incorporating glazing materials which would affect production is 

expected. The Commission finds that. 

in the absence of technological advances. certain glazing materials will 

no longer be available for particular 

applications. Unless technological advances are made. wired glass will be 

unavailable for use in the architectural 

products within the scope of the standard with the exception of fire door applications where special provisions of 

the standard apply. Similarly, organiccoated glass which has the film applied 

to annealed glass at the factory may 

no longer be available for Category II 

products due to an inability to pass 

those impact test provisions of the 

standard. The availability of glass replacement glazing in residential applications may be reduced. since plastic 

glazing often will be the only economical material available to consumers 

when immediate replacement is needed. 

(4) Any means of achieving the objectives of the standard while minlmiz1ng ad­ verse effects on competition or disruption 

or dislocation ofmanufacturing and other 

commercial practices consistent wlth the 

pub1Jc health and safety. The Commission has considered other means of 

achieving the objective of the standard, 

but has found none that it believes 

would have fewer adverse effects on 

competition or that would cause less 

disruption or dislocation of manufacturing and other commercial practices. 

consistent with the public health and 

safety. For the glazing industry in general. the disruptions and dislocations 

197 
§ 1201.2 

of existing manufacturing and com­ mercial practices due to the standard are expected to be minor. However. it 

is possible that indivIdual segments of 

the glazing materials industry are likely to be adversely affected by the 

standard. Specifically. there is likely 

to be disruption to the wired glass mar­ ket, the organic-coated glass market 

and. to a lesser extent. to the laminated glass market. Manufacturers of 

wired glass will face a serious problem 

because technological improvements in 

the product will need to be made before 

wired glass can be used in Category I 

applications and because it probably 

will not be usable at all in Category II 

applications (see § 1201.2(a) (3) and (4) of 

the standard). since there appears to be 

little prospect at this time of developing a wired glass product capable of 

Withstanding the Category II. 400 foot 

pound impact test prescribed in § 1201.4 

of the standard. Laminated glass cur­ rently used for Category I applications can meet the 150 foot pound impact 

test requirements. but not all laminated glass currently used for Category 

II applications can meet the 400 foot 

pound impact test reqUirements. The 

price increase for technologically upgrading laminated glass will be borne 

by consumers. The Commission believes. however. that the competitive 

impact of the proposed changes would 

not severely weaken the position of 

laminated glass in the market place. 

The wired glass. organic-coated glass. 

and laminated glass markets affected 

by the standard are small in relation to 

the entire industry. The standard is 

not expected to have an appreciable 

impact on foreign or domestic competition. Increased competition is expected 

between primary glass temperers and 

regional temperers. with primary temperers taking an increased share of the 

original storm door. sliding door. bathtub enclosure and shower door mar­ kets. Sales of nonresidential glazing 

for major nonresidential buildings will 

remain with the primary glass companies. The regional temperers are ex­ pected to handle almost all the temperIng of glazing for smaller nonresidential buildings. Thus, they will gain some of this market at the expense of 

local dealers and distributors. How­ ever. the distributors and dealers prob16 CFR Ch. II (1-1-05 Edition) 

ably will operate as order takers for 

the smallest jobs. It is expected that 

glazing distributors and dealers will ex­ perience reduced market shares in both 

the residential and nonresidential new glazing markets. This will occur as a result of the transfer of business to the 

primary glass manufacturers and re­ gional temperers. since tempered glass 

must be produced to size and it is not 

feasible to keep in inventory all sl2;es 

which might be needed. 

(5) Summary findIng. The Commission 

finds that there are unreasonable risks 

of injury associated with architectural 

glazing materials used In the architectural products listed in paragraph (a) 

of this section. In assessing the question of whether unreasonable risks of 

injury or injury potential are associated with architectural glazing materiais. the Commission has balanced the 

degree. nature and frequency of injury 

against the potential effect of the 

standard on the ability of architectural 

glazing materials to meet the need of 

the public and the effect of the standard on the cost. utility. and availability of architectural glazing materials to meet that need. The Commission finds that this standard. including 

its effective date. is reasonably nec­ essary to eliminate or reduce the un­ reasonable risks of iJ'!.lury associated 

with architectural glazing materials 

and that promulgation of the standard 

is in the public interest. 

(Sec. 9(e). Pub. L. 9Z-573. 86 Stat. lZ15 (15 

U.S.C. 2058(e» (5 U.S.C. 553) 

[4Z FR 1441. Jan. 6. 1977. as amended at 43 FR 

57246 Dec. 7. 1978; 45 FR 57389. Aug. 28. 1980; 47 

FR 27856. June 28, 1982; 49 FR 1107. Feb. Z7. 

1984] 

§ 1201.2 Definitions. 

(a) As used in this part 1201: 

(I) Annealed glass means glass that 

has been subjected to a slow, controlled 

cooling process during manufacture to 

control residual stresses so that It can be cut or subjected to other fabrication. Regular polished plate. float. 

sheet. rolled. and some patterned sur­ face glasses are examples of annealed 

glass. 

(2) Bathtub doors and enclosures means assemblies of panels and/or doors that are installed on the lip of or immediately surrounding a bathtub. 

198 
Consumer Product SOlety Commission 

(3) Category I products means any of 

the following architectural products: 

(i) Storm doors or combination doors 

that contain no single piece of glazing 

material greater than 9 square feet 

(0.83 square meters) in surface area of 

one side of the piece of glazIng material. 

(il) Doors that contain no single 

piece of glazing material greater than 9 

square feet (0.83 square meters) in sur­ face area of one side of the piece of 

glazing material. 

(4) Category II products means any of 

the following architectural products: 

(i) Shower doors and enclosures. 

(ti) Bathtub doors and enclosures. 

(Ill) Sliding glass doors (patio type). 

(tv) Storm doors or combination 

doors that contain any piece of glazing 

material greater than 9 square feet 

(0.83 square meters) In surface area of one side of the piece of glazing material. 

(v) Doors that contain any piece of 

glazing material greater than 9 square 

feet (0.83 square meters) in surface area of one side of the piece of glazing material. 

(5) Distributor means a person to 

whom a consumer product is delivered 

or sold for purposes of distribution in commerce. including persons cutting 

glazing material to size, except that 

such term does not Include a manufacturer or retailer of such product. 

(6) Distribution in commerce means to 

sell In commerce, to introduce or deliver for introduction Into commerce, or to hold for sale or distribution after 

introduction into commerce. 

(7) Door means an assembly that Is 

Installed in an interior or exterior 

wall; that is movable in a sliding. pivoting. hinged. or revolving manner of 

movement: and that Is used by con­ sumers to produce or close off an opening for use as a means of human passage. 

(8) Fabricator means any person who 

assembles or otherwise incorporates 

glazing materials into an architectural 

product listed in § 1201.1 (a). A fabricator is considered a manufacturer as defined in paragraph (a)(16) of this sec­ tion. 

(9) Glass means a hard. brittle. amor­ phous substance produced by fusion. 

usually consisting of mutually dis­

§ 1201.2 

solved silica and silicates that also 

contains sods and lime. It may be 

transparent. translucent. or opaque. 

(10) [Reserved] 

(11) Glazing material means glass. including annealed glass. organic coated 

glass. tempered glass. laminated glass. 

wired glass; or combinations thereof 

where these are used: 

(1) In openings through the architectural products listed in § 1201.1 (a). or (li) As the architectural products 

themselves. e.g. unframed doors. 

(12) Jalousie door means a door (as 

"door" is defined In paragraph (a)(7) of 

this section) having an opening glazed 

with operable. overlapping louvers. 

Each louver is one of a series of over­ lapping pIeces of glazing material designed to admit ventilation and light 

but exclude rain and is typically operated by a crank and gear mechanism. 

(13) Laminated glass means glazing 

material composed of two or more 

pieces of glass. each piece being either 

tempered glass. heat strengthened 

glass, annealed glass or wired glass, 

bonded to an intervening layer or lay­ ers of resilient plastic material. 

(14) Leaded glass means a decorative 

composite glazing material made of Individual pieces of glass whose perimeter is enclosed by lengths of durable 

metal such as lead or zinc and the 

pieces of glass are completely held together and supported by such metal. 

Such pieces of glass can be clear. colored, beveled. painted. or flashed and 

etched. 

(15) Manufacture means to manufacture, produce or assemble. 

(16) Manufacturer means any person 

who manufactures, fabricates or imports a glazing material or architectural product listed in § 1201.1 (a) that 

Incorporates glazing material. 

(17) Mirror means a treated. polished or smooth glazing material that forms 

images by the reflection of light. 

(18) Mobile home means a structure 

transportable in one or more sections. 

which is eight body feet (2.4 body me­ ters) or more in width and is thirtytwo body feet (9.7 body meters) or more in length. and which Is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the 

required utilities. 

199 

§ 1201.2 

(19) Other buildings or parts thereof means buildings or parts thereof (other 

than residential. school. public. or rec­ reational buildings) in which all or part of the building is open to the public with or without specific invitation. 

Included are bulldings or parts thereof 

such as banks and recreational or re­ tail facilities in a building and 

multiuse buildings that contain residential units. 

(20) Organic-coated glass means a glazing material consisting of a piece of 

glass, coated and bonded on one or both 

sides with an applied polymeric coating. sheeting. or film. 

(21) Patio door (See "sliding glass 

doors (patio-type)" in paragraph (a)(31) 

of this section). 

(22) Permanent label means a label 

that will remain permanently legible 

and visible after installation of the 

glazing material and that would be destroyed in attempts to remove it from 

the glazing material and includes (but 

is not limited to) sandblast. acid etch. 

hot-stamp. and destructible polyester 

labels. 

(23) [Reserved) 

(24) Private labeler means an owner of a brand or trademark on the label of a consumer product which bears a private label. and includes any fabricator. 

distributor. or installer who cuts cer­ tified and permanently labeled glazing 

materials into smaller pieces. 

(25) Public building means a building 

of public assembly or meeting including (but not limited to) a museum. place of worship. or restaurant. 

(26) Recreational building means a 

buildIng used for recreational purposes 

including (but not llmited to) a theater. stadium. gymnasium. amusement 

park building or library. 

(27) Residential building means a building. permanent or temporary. 

such as a single or multifamily residence. including (but not limited to) a house. apartment building. lodging 

home. dormitory. hotel. motel. hospital. sanitarium. and nursing home. 

used as a dwelling for one or more persons or families and any structure 

which is attached to. a part of. or appurtenant to such a building. Public areas of all residential buildings. such as lobbies and other common facilities. are included within the definition of 

16 CFR Ch. II (1-1-05 Edition) 

"other buildings or parts thereof" in 

paragraph (a)(19) of this section. For 

purposes of this part 1201. a mobile 

home as defined in paragraph (a) (18) of 

this section is not considered to be a residential building. 

(28) Retailer means a person to whom 

a consumer product is delivered or sold 

for purposes of sale or distribution by 

such person to a consumer; the term 

retailer includes a person who cuts 

glazing material to size for consumers. (29) School building means a building 

designed primarily for the conduct of 

educational instruction and includes 

the classrooms. libraries. administrative offices. auditoriums. eating and 

sanitary facUities. stadiums. gymnasiums and all other structures asso­ ciated with such buildings. 

(30) Shower door and enclosure means an assembly of one or more panels installed to form all or part of the wall 

and or door of a shower stall. 

(31) SlJding glass door (patio-type) means an assembly of one or more panels. at least one of which is suitably 

movable for use as a means of human 

ingress or egress. The term includes 

the nonmovable and movable panels of 

such assembly. 

(32) Storm door (or combination door) 

means a movable assembly. used in 

tandem with an exterior door to protect the exterIor door against weather 

elements andlor to improve indoor climate control. 

(33) Tempered glass means a piece of 

specially heat treated or chemically 

treated glass that cannot be cut. 

drilled. ground. or polished after treatment without fracture. When fractured 

at any point, if highly tempered. the 

entire piece breaks into small particles. 

(34) Wired glass means a single piece 

of annealed glass that contains wire 

embedded in the body of the glass. 

(35) Commission means the Consumer 

Product Safety Commission. 

(36) Carved glass means a decoration 

glazIng material in which a permanent 

visible design has been produced by 

polishing. grinding. or otherwise re­ moving portions of the surface. 

(37) Dalle glass or dalle de verre (including faceted glass) means a decorative composite glazing material made 

of Individual pieces of glass which are 

200 

INSERT 

§ 1201.4 Test Procedures 

Testing shall be in accordance with the test provisions of ANSI Z97.1 (most current version). "American 

National Standard for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings - Safety Performance Specifications 

and Methods ofTest.· 2,1 

2J Copies of ANSI Standard Z97.1 (most current version) are available from the American National 

Standards Institute. 25 W. 43rd Street. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, or online at 

http://webstore.ansLorgiFindStandards.aspX?SearchString=Z97.1 &SearchOption=O&PageNum=O&Searc 

hTerrnsArray=nuIiO/07cZ97.1 0/07cnull. 

Consumer Product Safety Commission 

Imbedded In a cast matrix of concrete or epoxy. 

(b) Definitions given In the Consumer 

Product Safety Act, and not repeated 

in this section, are appUcable to this 

part. 

ec) Test methods and recommended 

practices pubUshed by the American 

SOCiety for Testing and Materials 

(ASlM) 1, and referred to In this part 

1201, are hereby Incorporated by ref­ erence Into this part. 

(d) Test methods and recommended 

practices published by the American 

National Standards Institute (ANSI) 

and referred to in this part 1201. are hereby incorporated by reference Into 

this part. 

(Sec. 9(e). Pub. L. 92-573. 88 Stat. 1215; (15 

U.s.C. 2058(8): (5 U.S.C. 553) 

[42 PR 14U. Jan. e. 1977. as amended at.2 PR 

81860. Dec. 1. 1977: ~3 FR 5002. Oct. 30, 1918: ~3 PR 5lU1. Dec. 1, 1918; ~5 PR 51389. Aua. 28. 

1980; 41 PR 21856. June 28. 1982} 

11101.3 General requirementa. 

(al All glazlng materials to Which 

this standard appUes. as described In 

51201.1. shall meet the impact and environmental test reqUirements In 51201.4. 

and shall be labeled by manufacturers 

In accordance with §lZOI.5. 

I tNt methodt and recom 

ctlc:es al'tl approved by. published by. 

allahle for purchase from the Amer:IaIn 

§ 1201.4 

(b) Glazing materials used in architectural products not listed In 

§l201.1(a) are not sul:Uect to this part. 

Any material not listed In the definition of "glazlng material" In 

Sl201.2(a)(ll) Is not subject to this part 

1201. 

[42 PR 1111, Jan. 6, 1977. as amended at 47 PR 

27856. June 28, 1982J 

1120U(e)(2)(I) 

11201.4(_)(2)(11)(11) 

201 

(H) The structural framing shall be 

weide or securely bolted at the cor­ ners an braced by one of the alternate 

methods own in figure I and shall be 

securely b ted to the fioor. 

(lU) The er subframe (see figures 

2, 3. and 4) fi securing the test speci­ men on all 1\ I' edges shall be reinforced at each mer. The material Is 

shown as wood figure 3. but other 

materials may be used: Provlded, The 

test specimen will ntact only the ne­ oprene strips. which all have a shore 

A durometer hardness f 30 to 50. 

(iv) Any reasonable eans may be 

used to secure the subfr e to the test 

frame so long as the m nting Is se­ cure and the pressure on t e glazing in 

the subframe is not sign cantly altered when the subframe is I' oved. 

(v) Pressures on the test pecimen 

shall be controlled. and the mpression of the neoprene strips sha be between 10 and 15 percent of the iginal 

thickness of the neoprene. Se uring 

methods such as wing bolts and c ps 

shall be uniformly spaced no gr tel' 

than 18 inches (45 centimeters) a with no fewer than two on any edge. 0 

limit the compression of the neopre 

and prevent distortion of the subfram 

metal shims of an appropriate thic ness shall be used as shown in figur 

and 4. 

(2) Impactor. (i) The impactor sh 1 be 

a leather punching bag as show n fig­ ure 5 on this section. The bag all be 

filled with No. 7 /Z chilled Ie shot to ' a total weight of complete assembly as shown in figure 5. of pounds ±4 

ounces (45.36±O.1l kilogr s). The rubber bladder shall be 1 in place and 

fUled through a hole t into the upper 

part. After filling rubber bladder, 

the top should be e er twisted around 

the threaded me rod below the metal 

sleeve or pulled vel' the metal sleeve 

and tied with cord or leather thong. 

Note that hanging strap must be 

removed. T e bag should be laced in 

the norm manner. The exterior of the 

bag sha be completely covered by liz 

inch ( centimeters) wide glass filament reinforced pressure sensitive 

(Figure 5.) 

Provisions shall be made for raisthe impactor or to drop heights of 

to 48 inches (1.22 meters). At its reease it shall have been supported so 

16 CFR Ch. /I (1-1-05 EdiHon) 

that the rod going through its cente was in line with the steel support ca e in a manner designed to minimize bble or oscillation after its release. 

(3) Environmental durabl1Jty test quipment-(i) Boll test. Two conta ers of 

water shall be provided with eaos to 

maintain one at 1500 is OF 6' ±2 °e) 

and the second at a slow bo at atmospheric pressure. The con iners shall 

be large enough to acce a rack holding three specimens, e 12 inches (30 

centimeters) square, 0 the glazing ma­ terial in a vertical sition. The rack 

shall be pOSitioned 0 that each speci­ men is surrounded y at least one inch 

(2.5 centimeters) water. 

(ll) Simulated weathering test. The 

equipment sh be a xenon arc (watercooled) Wea er-Ometer employing a lamp rated 6500 watts and automatic 

light mon oring and control systems. 

Borosilic e inner and outer filters 

shall used. An appropriate water 

spray yc1e shall be used. Operating 

proc ures 'shall be in accordance with 

AS G 26-70, "Standard Recended Practice for Operating 

ght-and Water-Exposure Apparatus 

enon-Arc Type) for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials," April 13, 1970, as 

augmented for plastics by ASTM D 

2565-70, "Standard Recommended Pracice for Operating Xenon-Arc Type 

ater-Cooled) Light- and Water-Expo­ s e Apparatus for Exposure of Plastl ," Procedure B. June 12, 1970, which 

corporated by reference. Copies 

of b documents are available from 

the Jl!. erlcan Society for Testing and 

Mated ls, 1916 Race Street. Philadelphia, P ylvania 19103. They are also 

available or inspection at the National 

Archives d Records Administration 

(NARA). Fo information on the availability of th material at NARA, call 

202-741--6030, or go to: http:// 

www.archives./fo 'federal_register! 

code_of_federal_ egulations/ 

ibr_Iocations.html. This incorporation 

by reference was a roved by the Director of the Feder Register. These 

materials are incorp ated as they 

exist in the edition whi has been approved by the Director 0 the Federal 

Register and which has bee filed with 

the Office of the Federal Reg ter. 

(c) Test specimens-(l) Co tJon of 

specimens. All specimens shall bested 

202 

as sup ied by the manufacturer. following oval of any temporary protective m king materials. No tests 

shall be co menced before the specimens have b n stored in the laboratory for 4 hou Specimens shall be arranged to permi ree circulation of air 

to all surfaces dur g this period. 

(2) Impact spec s. Impact specimens shall be of the rgest size manufactured up to a maxi urn width of 34 

inches (86 centimeters) d a maximum 

height of 76 inches (l.9 ters). Specimens shall be tested for e ch nominal 

thickness offered by the rna ufacturel-. 

(3) Environmental durabi specJmens-(i) Boil test. Three ces 12 

inches by 12 inches (30 centim ers by 

30 centimeters) with nomInal thi 

identical to those submitted fo 

impact test shall be used. 

(ti) Weatherlng tests-(A) [Reserved 

(8) Organic-coated glass-(I) Orien ­ tion specif1ed. Six organic-coated glas 

specimens 2 inches by 6 inches (5 centimeters by 15 centimeters) by nominal 

thickness identical to those submitted 

for the impact test shall be used. 

(~ Orientation unspecJt1ed. Nine organic-coated glass specimens. 2 inche 

by 6 inches (5 centimeters by 15 cen ­

meters) by nominal thickness ident' al 

to those submitted for the impac est 

shall be used except that wh the 

glazing material is symmetri across 

its thickness. six specimen may be 

used. 

(iii) Indoor service. Fou 

samples identical to th e 

for the impact test. 

(d) Test procedures-( 

cedure. Each specim shall be struck 

within 2 inches (5 entimeters) of its 

geometric center ith the impactor 

dropped from single height. designated accord' g to the product category. Speci ns for Category I shall 

be impacted one time from a drop 

height of I to 18V. inches (458 to 470 

millimete . Specimens for Category 

II shall e impacted one time from (!) (i) When breakage occurs 

drop he ht of 48 to 48 1h inches (1.22 to cracks and fissures may 0 cur) no 

1.23 m ers). For all specimens that are opening shall develop in the t t samnot s mmetric from surface to surface. pIe through which a 3 inch (7 milliual number of specimens shall be meter) diameter solid steel s 

i acted on each side. For glazing ma- weighing 4 pounds ±3 oz (l.8I±O.08 

t ials which will be evaluated by para- grams). passes when placed ot 

raph (e)(l)(iii) of this section. this im- dropped) in the opening and permitt 

pact test procedure is not required. to remain for a period of one secon 

203 

(2) Environmental durabJlJty test proc 

dures-(i) Boil test. The specimens sh 1 

be immersed in the 150 F (66°C) w . er 

for 3 minutes. They shall the be 

quickly removed and immersed the 

boiling water and left there for hours. 

The specimens shall then be emoved. 

cooled. and dried for ex . ation as 

specified in paragraph (e) (i) of this 

section. 

(ti) Accelerated weath ing test. The 

specimens shall be r. tained in the 

Weather-Ometer (par raph (b)(3)(ti) of 

this section) for period of 1200±1 

hours. and expose 0 a radiant flux of 

50 mlcrowatts p square centimeter 

(12 calories per cond per square centimeter) while onitoring at a wavelength of 340 anometers. 

(A) [Rese edl 

(8) Org, nic-coated glass-(I) Orientation spe ed. Three specimens shall be 

mount with the surface that is intende to be oriented indoors faced 

awa from the radiation source: the 

t r three specimens shall be kept in 

rkness at 73 OF (23°C) for use as conIs. Materials so tested shall be labe d according to § 1201.5(c) of this 

pa 201. 

(~Orientation unspecif1ed. Three 

specim ns shall be mounted with one of 

the su ces toward the radiation: 

three spe mens shall be mounted with 

the other rface toward the radiation. 

and three ecimens shall be kept in 

darkness at of (23°C) for use as controIs. When e glazing material is 

symmetric acr s its thickness. three 

specimens shall irradiated. 

(e) Interpretatio ofresults-(l) Impact 

test. A glazing rna rial may be qualified for use in both tegory I and Category II products if it eets the impact 

reqUirements for Cate ry II. A glazing 

material shall bejudge to pass the impact test if the specime tested meets 

anyone of the criteria 1 ted in paragraphs (e)(l) (I) through ( of this section: 
this criterion. the sample after 

beln impacted shall be placed. while 

remal ng in the subframe. in a horizontal. pact side up position with a minimu of one foot (31 centimeters) 

of free sp e immediately beneath the 

specImen. 

'" (n) When eakage occurs. what ap­ Wpear to be the largest particles shall 

be selected wi in 5 minutes subsequent to the tes and shall weigh no more than the equ alent weight of 10 

square inches (64 s are centimeters) 

of the original specim . For the purposes of this section p tic1e means a portion of a broken t t specimen 

which is determined by ide Ifying the 

smallest possible perimeter ound all 

points in the portion of the br en test 

speCimen. always passing along 

or exposed surfaces. 

(Hi) [Reserved] 0) (iv) The specimen does not rem in 

within the subframe and no breakage 

caused by the impactor. ® (v) The specimen does not break. 

(2) Environmental durability tests- (1) 

Boll test. The ,glass itself may crack In 

this test. but no bubbles or other defects shall develop more than I/i inc 

(12 millimeters) from the outer edge f 

the specimen or from any crack t at 

may develop. Any specimen in w. ich 

the glass cracks to an extent th confuses the interpretation of the esults 

shall be discarded. and anoth speci­ men shall be tested in its ste 

(ii) Accelerated weather! 


[Reserved] 


(B) Organic-coated gl Specimens 

shall bejudged satisfact ry if they pass 

both the adhesion tes and the tensile 

test described bela in paragraph 

(e)(U)(B) (1) and (2,) Q this section, 

(1) Adhesion test organic-coated glass 

onljJ-(l) SpecJme . The specimens for 

this test are the inch by 6 inch (5 centimeters by 15 entimeters) weathered 

specimens an the control specimens. 

The specim s shall be conditioned 

just prior t the performance of the adhesion te at 13° ±6 "F (23" ±3 ·C) and 

50±5 per nt relative humidity for 24 

hours. 

(ll) pparatus. The test apparatus 

shal consist of a constant-rate-of-exte on-type (CRE) tensile tester with 

moving crosshead set to move at 12 

i ches per minute (5 millimeters per 

second) and load range such tha the 

average pull force will fall at 30 a 50 

percent of full scale. A cutter all be 

used containing new razor b des for 

cutting 1 inch (25 millim er) wide 

specimens of the organic oating on the glass. The razor bia s shall be 

used one time only. 

(Jii) Procedure. Using 

cut a straight. 1 inc 

wide strip of the org ic coating in the 

lengthwise directio of the glass specimen along and wi in 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) of one e e. Peel back. cleanly 

and evenly. ab t 2 inches (50 millimeters) of one e of the 1 inch (25 millimeters) wid organic strip. Attach a strip of reO forced pressure sensitive 

tape to th side of the organic strip opposite th adhesive. to extend this free 

end to out 8 inches (200 millimeters) 

in len h. Place the end of the glass 

pane rom which the organic strip was rem ed in the lower clamp of the tensil tester and and the free end of the 

e in the upper clamp. Peel the reainder of the organic strip from the 

g 5 mechanically and obtain a record 

of e pull force value. Determine and rec d the average pull force value for 

each imen from the chart. Weathered d control specimens are to be 

tested ternately. 

(M In pretation of results. The 01'­

gentc-coa d glass adhesion shall be 

judged sati actory if the average pull 

force for the eathered specimens is no less than 90 p cent of the average pull 

force for the c trol specimens. 

(2) Tensile stre test (organ1c-coated 

glass onl)? (1) e specimens for this 

test are the sam 2 inch by 6 inch (5 

centimeter by 15 centimeter) specimens used in the ad sion test. 

(1i) Apparatus. The E tensile tester 

shall be used with tli moving crosshead set to move at 2 

minute (0.8 millimeter p 

the load range such that t 

w1ll break at 30 to 60% of 1 scale. A 

cutter shall be used conta ing new razor blades for cutting 'h inc (12 millimeter) wide specimens of the rganic 

coating on the glass. The razor lades 

shall be used one time only. 

Wi) Procedure. Using the th incfl (12 

millimeter) razor cutter. cut a strai t 

strip of the organic coating in 

204 
§ 1201.5 Certification and labeling reo quirements. 

(a) Manufacturers and private label· ers of glazing materials covered by this 

part 1201 shall comply with the requirements of section 14 CPSA (15 U.S.C. 

2063) and regulations issued under sec· tion 14. 

(b) [Reserved] 

(c) Organic-coated glass that has 

been tested for environmental exposure 

from one side only must bear a perma· 

nent label on the coating stating 

"GLAZE nus SIDE IN" and shall bear 

in the central 50 percent of the surface area the following message in letters at 

least 'I. inch (1 mUlimeters) high: "SEE 

PERMANENT LABEL FOR IMPORTANT MOUNTING INSTRUCTION." 

The latter message shall be attached to 

either side of the glazing by any means which shall ensure the message will reo main in place until installation. 

142 FR 1441. Jan. 6, 1971. as amended at 45 FR 

66007, Oct. 6, 1980) 

§ 12{)1.6 Prohibited stockpiling. 

(a) Stockpillng. For the purposes of 

this section. the term stockpiling means manufacturing or importing the af· 

fected products between the date of 

issuance of this part in the FEDERAL 

REGISTER and the effective date set out 

below in § 1201.1 at a rate signiflcantly 

greater (prescribed in paragraph (b) of 

§ 1201.7 

this section) than the rate at which the 

affected products were produced or imported during a base period (prescribed 

in paragraph (c}(2) of this section). 

(b) Prohibited acts. Manufacturers and 

importers of glazing materials. fabricators, and manufacturers or importers 

of architectural products specified in 

§ 1201.1(a) who incorporate glazing ma­ terial shall not incorporate glazing ma­ terials which do not comply with the 

requirements of this part 1201 into such 

products between the date of issuance 

of this part in the FEDERAL REGISTER 

and the effective date set out in § 1201.1 

below at a rate greater than the rate of 

production or importation during the 

base period (defined in paragraph (c)(2) 

of this section) plus ten percent. For 

wired glass used in doors or other as­ semblies subject to this part 1201 and 

intended to retard the passage of fire. 

when such doors or other assemblies are required by a Federal. State. local 

or municipal fire ordinance. the rate of 

production during the base period may 

be increased annually by no more than 

10 percent. 

(c) Definitions. As used in this sec­ tion: 

(I) Rate of production (or importation) 

means the total number of affected ar· chitectural products incorporating 

glazing material not complying with 

this part manufactured or imported 

during a stated base period. 

(2) Base period means. at the option of 

the manufacturer or importer. any period of 180 consecutive days prior to 

January 6. 1911. said period to be se­ lected within an interval which begins 

July 6. 1915. 

§ 1201.7 Effective date. 

The effective date of this part 1201 

shall be July 6. 1917 except: 

(a) For glazing materials used in 

doors or other assemblies subject to 

this part and intended to retard the 

passage of fire when such doors or other assemblies are required by a Federal. State. or local or municipal fire 

ordinance. the effective date shall be 

January 6. 1980. 

(b) Architectural glazing materials 

manufactured before July 6. 1977 may 

be incorporated into architectural 

products listed in § 1201.1 (a) through 

July 5. 1978 if: 

205 
§ 1201.7 

(1) The architectural glazing material conforms to ANSI Standard Z97.1­

1972 or 1975, "Performance Specifications and Methods of Test for Safety 

Glazing Material Used in Bulldings," 

1972 or 1975 z. which is incorporated by 

reference. and 

(2) The architectural glazing material is permanently labeled to indicate 

it conforms to ANSI Z97.l-1972 or 1975 or is accompanied by a certificate cer­ tifying conformance to ANSI Z97.1 1972 

or 1975. 

(c) Tempered glass manufactured before July 6. 1977 may be incorporated 

into architectural products listed in 

§ 1201.1 (a) through July 5. 1981 if: 

(1) The tempered glass conforms to 

ANSI Z97.1-1972 or 1975; and 

(2) The tempered glass is permanently labeled to indicate It conforms 

to ANSI Z97.1-1972 or 1975 or is accom­ panied by a certificate certifying con­ formance to ANSI Z97.1-1972 or 1975. 

(d) Laminated glass manufactured on or after July 6, 1977 through December 

'Copies of ANSI Standard Z91.1-197Z or 1915 are available from the American National 

Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New 

York, New York 10018. They are also avaUable for inspection at the National Archives 

and Records Administration (NARA). For Information on the availability of this mate­ rial at NARA, call 202-741-6030. or go to: http://Www.archlves.gov/federal_registlftr/ 

cOOe_o(j'ederal_reguJatioru./ 

Jbr_locations.html.Thls Incorporation by ref­ erence was approved by the Director of the 

Federal Register. These materials are incor· 

porated as they exist In the edItIons which 

have been approved by the Director of the 

Federal Register and which have been filed 

with the Office ofthe Federal Register. 

16 CFR Ch. II (1-1-05 Edition) 

3. 1977 may be Incorporated into category II products as defined in 

§ 120l.Z(a)(4) through July 5, 1978 if: 

(1) The laminated glass conforms to 

ANSI Z97.1-1972 or 1975; and 

(2) The laminated glass is permanently labeled to indicate that it con· forms to ANSI Z97.1-1972 or 1975 or is 

accompanied by a certificate in accord­ ance with section 14(a) of the CPSA 

certifying conformance to ANSI Z97.1­

1972 or 1975. 

(e) Architectural products manufactured between July 6, 1977 and July 5, 

1978 incorporating glazing material in 

accordance with paragraph (b) of this 

section, may be distributed and sold 

without restriction. 

(0 Architectural products manufactured between July 6. 1977 and July 5. 

198] incorporating tempered glass in 

accordance with paragraph (c) of this 

section, may be distributed and sold 

without restriction, 

(g) Architectural products identified 

in § 1201.2(a)(4) manufactured between 

July 6, 1977 and July 5. 1978 incorporating laminated glass in accordance 

with § 120L7(d) may be distributed and 

sold without restriction. 

(h) Patinaed glass manufactured between July 6. 1977 and January 8. 1979. 

in accordance with the Commission's 

stay order published in the FEDERAL 

RECISTER of August 9. 1977 (42 FR 

40188), may be sold without restriction, 

Architectural products incorporating 

such glazing may also be sold without 

restriction. 

[43 FR 50422, Oct. 30, 1978. as amended at 43 

FR 57247, Dec. 7. 1978; 46 FR 63250, Dec. 31. 

1981) 

206 
---

1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 1201-GLASS IMPACT TEST STRUCTURE 

ALTERNATIVE CHANNEL MOUNTING HOLES 

.\ALTERNATlVE FRAM BRACES 

c--_

,-­ L __

~-::::::::::::::::::.::--

TSPECIMEN MOUNTING fRAME 

FIG I-GLASS IMPACT TEST STRUCTUR 

207 
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Ow

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5*'lv(1.. ATTACHM(NT ~lOCAl( AT 

vE ATIC Al ([HIE A ll...E -OF' n:S T 

SPECIMEN AND A MINIMUM Of 60tH. 

HORtZOPltTAl CENlER UN( 

THIS .OATION or fR_ ocr REQUIRED 

tF SWIVEL AT!ACrtMEHf 

IS ..OUNTE 0 ON 

} SEPARATE CONSTRUCTION 

~"". ,\", ,.. .... 

sue FRAME 

..E..II£.S 


fOR TEST 


SPEC'lIEN 

$MALlE A 


TtfAIf4 34 I~ • 


16 IN 


NOT E. sue fOAIoIE FOR 

HOLOING TEST SPEc,..e" 

1101 SHOWN 

FIG 2-TEST FRAME 

,\\) :T:~:E-";':~ \ OF tRACING 

\ \ '"AlOE. uSE ONE BRACE 

\ \ AT EACH 


\ \ vERnCAl 


\ \ "E"SEO 


\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

\ \ 

SO IN WIN 

N 

Cl 

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£i'l 

..... 

~ ~ 

~ ~ 

i1 »g: 

t>1 

~ " 

N -

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Q 

::0 

~ = 
nsumer Product Safety Commission Pt. 1201. Subpt. A. FI 

FIGURES 3 AND" TO SUBPART A OF PART 1201-TEST SPECIMENS 

CORRECT 

•

, 

NOUNHNG , 

SOB-FRAN! \ 

COMPONENTS 

\ 

FIG 4-GLASS TEST SPECIMEN '--J 

,MOUNTING SUB·FRAME(EXPLODEDl 8 STAND 

209 
FIGURE 5 TO SUBPART A OF PART 1201-IMPACTOR 

liN LONG .I [~ IN. OIA 

"ETAl Slt En (SERIES 

OF "E TAL WASHERS 

..Ay 8E uS EO I FI~~ BAG WITH l ElIO SIIOT SO THA 

TOTAL WEIGHT Of ASSE"BLY 


1$ IDOll:t 40Z 


COVER ENTIRE SURFACE 

OF BAG WITH 1/2 INCH 


WIDE GLASS FilAMENT 


REINFORCED PRESSURE 


SENSITIVE TAPE. 


EYE NUT fOR ~lniNG 

IRIOl£ (SEE fiG 2 1 

FIG 5 -IMPACTOR 

210 

i 
Consumer Product Safety Commission 

Subpart B [Reserved] 

Subpart C-Statements of Policy and InterpretaHon 

§ 1201.40 Interpretation concerning bathtub and shower doors and en­ closures. 

(a) Purpose and background. The purpose of this section is to clarify the 

scope of the terms "bathtub doors and 

enclosures" and "shower door and enclosure" as they are used in the Standard in subpart A. The Standard lists 

the products that are subject to it 

(§ 120I.l(a». This list includes bathtub 

doors and enclosures, a term defined in 

the Standard to mean "assemblies of 

panels and/or doors that are installed on the lip of or immediately surrounding a bathtub" (§ 1201.2(a)(2)). The 

list also includes shower doors and en­ closures, a term defined to mean "(assemblies) of one or more panels installed to form all or part of the wall 

and/or door of a shower stall" 

(§ I201.2(a)(30)) . Since the Standard became effective on July 6, 1971. the question has arisen whether the definitions 

of these products include glazing materials in a Window that is located over a 

bathtub or within a shower stall and in 

the exterior wall of a building. The 

definitions of the terms "bathtub doors 

and enclosures" and "shower door and 

enclosure" contain no specific exemption for glaZing materials in such windows. If read literally, the Standard 

could include glazing materials in an 

exterior wall window located above a 

bathtub because that window could be 

Interpreted as being "immediately surrounding" the bathtub. Similarly. the 

Standard. if read literally. could include glazing materials in an exterior 

wall Window because that window 

could be interpreted as forming "all or 

part of the wall •• • of a shower 

stall." 

(b) Interpretation. When the Consumer 

Product Safety Commission issued the 

Standard, it did not intend the standard to apply to any item of glazing material in a window that is located over a bathtub or within a shower stall and 

in the exterior wail of a building. The 

Commission clarifies that the Standard 

does not apply to such items of glazing 

material or such windows. This inter­

§ 1202.2 

pretation applies only to the term 

"bathtub doors and enclosures" and 

"shower door and enclosure" and does 

not affect the applicability of the 

Standard to any other product. 

[46 FR 45751. Sept. 15. 19811 

PART 1202-SAFETY STANDARD 


FOR MATCHBOOKS 


Sec. 


1202.1 Scope and effective date. 


1202.2 Findings. 


1202.3 Definitions. 


1202.4 Matchbook general requirements. 


1202.5 Certification. 


1202.6 Marking. 


1202.7 Prohibited stockpiling. 


AUTHORITY: Secs. 2. 3. 7. 9. 14. 16. and 19. 

Pub. L. 92-573. 86 Stat. 1212-17 (15 U.S.C. 2051. 

2052. 2056. 2058. 2063. 2065. and 2068). 

SoURCE: 43 FR 53709. Nov. 17. 1978, unless 

otherwise noted. 

§ 1202.1 Scope and effective date. 

(a) Scope. This part 1202. a consumer 

product safety standard. prescribes the 

safety requirements. including labeling 

requirements. for the matchbook. This 

part 1202 applies to all matchbooks 

manufactured in or imported into the 

United States after its effective date. 

(b) Effective date. The effective date 

shall be May 4. 1978. 

§ 1202.2 Findings. 1 

(a) Risk of injury. The Commission 

finds that unreasonable risks of injury 

from accidents are associated with 

matchbooks. These unreasonable risks. 

I The Commission's findings apply to the 

matchbook standard that it published on 

May 4. 1977 (42 FR 22656-70). On Mar. 31, 1978. 

the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit set aside portions of that standard (D. 

D. Bean & Sons. Co. v. CPSC. 574 F. 2d 643). On 

Nov. 17. 1978. the Commission publlshed a revised version of the standard which reflects 

the court's decision. However. the findings 

have not been revised and they are therefore 

not fully applicable to the revised matchbook requirements. For example, the revised 

standard does not address the unreasonable 

risk of Il'\lury of "[blum injuries that have 

been sustained by persons from fires that 

have been set by the afterglow of extinguished bookmatches" (§ 1202.2(a)(6)) because 

the court set aside the afterglow performance requirement. 

211 
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American National Standard 

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Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test 

Secretariat 


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Approved by Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z97 


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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements 

for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards 

developer. 

Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, 

substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial 

agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus 

requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward 

their resolution. 

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any 

respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, 

marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the 

standards. 

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no 

circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person 

shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in 

the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be 

addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. 

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. 

The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to 

reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of approval 

Purchases ofAmerican National Standards may receive current information on all standards by 

calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. 

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No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or 

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FORWARD 

(This forward is not part of ANSI Z97.1-2009U ) 

This standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American 

National Standards. The consensus committee that approved the Standard was balanced to 

ensure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to 

participate. It was developed within the approved scope as stated in section 1J. of the standard. 

This Standard is available for public review on a continuing basis. This provides an opportunity 

for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-Iarge. 

The use of an addenda system will allow revisions made in response to public review or 

committee actions to be published as required. 

This standard, which is the result of extended and careful consideration of available knowledge 

and experience on the subject, is intended to provide minimum requirements that are 

recommended for use, adoption, enforcement by federal, state and local authorities and by 

model codes. It is recommended that this standard be referenced but not incorporated in any 

statute. 

This Standard does not recommend where safety glazing should be used or, when it is used, 

what type of glazing material should be used. For this information one should consult other 

codes, standards and manufacturer's information. 

Neither the standards committee nor the secretariat feel that this standard is perfect or in its 

ultimate form. It is recognized that, although safety-glaZing materials are widely used and 

accepted, new developments are to be expected and revisions of the standards are necessary as 

the art progresses and further experience is gained. 

This standard is a successor standard to the 2004e edition. The 2004e standard succeeded those 

of the 1984 (reaffirmed in 1994), 1975, 1972 and 1966 editions. 

In order for material to be considered for reference or to continue to be referenced in the ANSI 

Z97.1 standard, it shall meet the following criteria: 

1. The referenced material, including title and date, and the manner in which it is to be 

utilized shall be specifically identified in the text of ANSI Z97.1. 

2. 	The standard or portions of a standard intended to be enforced shall be written in 

mandatory language. 

3. The scope or application of the reference material shall be clearly described. 

4. The referenced material shall not have the effect of requiring proprietary materials. 

5. The standard shall not prescribe a proprietary agency for quality control or testing. 

For communication with the Committee please refer to the following page. 

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CORRESPONDENCE WITH ASC Z97 COMMITTEE 

General. ANSI Codes and Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to 

represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact 

with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee 

meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to: 

Secretary, Z97 Main Committee 

c/o Julia Schimmelpenningh 

Solutia Inc. 

730 Worcester st. 

Springfield, MA 01151 

JCSCHI@Solutia.com 

Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate 

changes that appear necessary or deSirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the 

application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically. 

The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Proposals should be as 

speCific as possible: citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording and a detailed 

description of the reasons for the proposal. Pertinent documentation should be included. 

Interpretations. On written request, the ASC Z97 Committee will render an interpretation of 

any requirement of the Standard. The request for interpretation should be clear and 

unambiguous. The following format is recommended: 

Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and provide a concise description. 

Edition: Cite the edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested. 

Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement 

suitable for general understanding and use, not a request for an approval of a 

proprietary design or situation. 

Requests that are not in the above format may be rewritten by the Committee or its Secretary 

prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request. The 

Committee reserves the right to deem certain requests for interpretations as not within its scope 

or expertise and refuse to address them. 

The committee reserves the right to reconsider any interpretation when or if additional 

information, which might affect that original interpretation, becomes available to the Committee. 

Persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the Committee for reinterpretation. The 

ASC Z97 does not "approve," "certify," "rate," or "endorse," any item, construction, proprietary 

device, or activity beyond what is addressed in the Standard. 

Attending Committee Meetings. The ASC Z97 holds meetings that are open to the 

public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of the Committee or 

www.ANSIZ97.com for meeting information. 

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DISCLAIMER AND CONDITION OF USE 

The Accredited Standards Committee ("ASC") Z97 and its Secretariat, currently the Glazing 

Industry Secretariat Committee, have developed this recommended safety performance 

specification and test method for glazing materials through a consensus standards development 

process the American National Standards Institute has approved. This process brings together 

volunteers representing varied view points and interests to achieve consensus on safety related 

issues. While the ASC Z97 and its Secretariat administer the process in accordance with ANSI 

established rules designed to promote fairness in the development of consensus, neither the ASC 

Z97 nor its Secretariat independently tests, evaluates, or verifies the accuracy of any information 

or the soundness of any judgments contained within the document, ANSI Standard Z97.1. 

The ASC Z97, together with its members, affiliates, and its Secretariat, expressly disclaim and 

shall not be liable for any personal injury, property or other damage of any nature, whether 

special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the 

publication, use of, or reliance upon this document, whether based upon breach of contract, 

breach of warranty, tort (including negligence), strict liability, or otherwise, even if advised of the 

possibility of such damages. The foregoing negation of damages is a fundamental element of the 

use of the information and data contained herein, and this information and data would not be 

developed, compiled, and forwarded by ASC Z97 to ANSI without such limitation. 

The ASC Z97, together with its members, affiliates, and its Secretariat, also make no guarantees 

or warranties, express or implied, including without limitation, any and all warranties concerning 

the accuracy or completeness of the information in the document, its fitness or appropriateness 

for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, and its non-infringement of any third party's 

intellectual property rights. Together, they make no representations or warranties regarding the 

information's compliance with any other applicable statute, rule, law, or regulation. 

Building codes vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and those using this document must consult 

the most current version of the applicable building code in effect in the jurisdiction where the 

glazing material is to be installed for restrictions or limitations upon the use of glazing materials 

tested to this document, ANSI Standard Z97.1. The ASC Z97, together with its members, 

affiliates, and its Secretariat, disclaim any duty or obligation, except as may be required by 

established ANSI rules, to update or revise the document based upon provisions of or changes to 

the building codes. 

In developing this safety performance specification and test method and submitting it to ANSI for 

approval and publication, neither the ASC Z97, its members, nor its Secretariat is undertaking to 

render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor are they 

undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Those using 

this document should rely upon their own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the 

advice of competent professionals in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given 

circumstances. Neither the ASC Z97, its members, nor its Secretariat has any power, nor do they 

undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor do they list, 

certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any 

certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not 

be attributable to ASC Z97 and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of this 

statement. 

----------_._._---------­

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This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards 


Committee 297. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all 


committee members voted for its approval. At the time the ASC 297 approved this standardl the 

ASC 297 had the following members: 

Kevin Olahl Chair 

Julia Schimmelpenninghl Secretary 

Organization Represented Primary Member Alternate Member 

3M Construction Markets Division LAB 

AGC Flat Glass North America 

AIMCAL Window Film Committee 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member (Observer) 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

ANSI Z97.1 Individual Member 

Arch Aluminum and Glass 

Architectural Testing Inc. 

Arkema Inc. 

Atlas Material Testing Technology, LLC 

Consolidated Glass Corp. 

DuPont Glass Laminating Products 

Evonik Cyro LLC 

Flex-O-Glassl Inc. 

Glass Association of North America 

Guardian Industries Corp. 

Hurricane Test Laboratory LLC 

Lucite Internationall Inc 

Oldcastle Glassl Inc. 

Pilkington North America, Inc. 

Pilkington PLC 

Plaskolite Inc. 

Product Certification Consultants LLC 

Q Panel Corporation 

SABIC Innovative Plastics 

SaftiRrst/O'Keeffe's Inc. 

Sheffield Plastics Inc. 

Solutia Inc. 

Steel Consulting Services 

Technical Glass Products 

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission 


(Observer) 


Viracon Inc. 


Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates 


Kenneth Smith 

Mark Cody 

Darrell Smith 

Robert Brown 

C. Greg carney 

Edward Conrath 

Charles Cumpston 

Ray Foss 

Brian Gartner 

John Kent 

Debra Levy 

Scott Norville 

Julie Ruth 

John Turnbull 

Cliff Monroe 

Scott Swaltek 

Joseph Mitchell 

Oscar Cordo 

carl carmen 

Valerie Block 

Darrell Sparks 

Alfred Hunsicker 

Urmilla Sowell 

Kevin Olah 

Vinu Abraham 

Rick Gano 

Richard Wright 

Chris Barry 

Thomas Zaremba 

David Chan 

Garrett Tom 

Steve Novak 

Ralph Buoniconti 

Jeff Griffiths 

Karl Weicking 

Julia Schimmelpenningh 

Kate Steel 

Jerry Razwick 

Thomas caton 

Jack Foushee 

William Nugent 

James Mannix 

Greg Feathers 

Vickie Lovell 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

Max Perlstien 

Tom DeMain 

Richard Slomko 

Louis Marryman 

Serge Molinari 

Harold Warp 

Sara Neiswanger 

Henry Gorry 

Jose Colon 

Robert Williams 

R. Herrington 

Timothy Ling 

Steven Grossman 

Tammy Rucker 

Kelly O'Keeffe 

Dan Laporte 

Aaron Jackson 

Mark Kumagai 

Brian Louks 

Robert Hannen 

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Steering Committee Me zg7 

Kevin Olah, Chair 

Julia Schimmelpenningh, Secretary 

Mark Cody 

John Kent 

John Turnbull 

Richard Wright 

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Table of Contents 

1 
 Scope, Purpose, and Limitations ................. 111 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3 


1.1 Scope..................................................................................................................3 


1.2 Purpose...............................................................................................................3 


1.3 Limitations...........................................................................................................3 


2 
 Referenced Sta nda rds .............................................................................................................................................5 


3 Definitions ..............................................................................................................7 


4 Specimens to Be Tested..........................................................................................9 


4.1 Condition of Specimens......................................................................................... 9 


4.2 Thickness of Specimens........................................................................................9 


4.3 Size Classification of Specimens........................................................................... 10 


4.4 Specimens for Impact Tests................................................................................ 10 


4.5 Specimens for Boil Test....................................................................................... 11 


4.6 Specimens for Weathering Tests.......................................................................... 11 


4.7 Specimens for Modulus and Hardness Tests.......................................................... 11 


5 Test Specifications .................................................................................................12 


5.1 Impact Test. ...................................................................................................... 12 


5.2 Center Punch Fragmentation Test ........................................................................ 26 


5.3 Boil Test for Laminated Glass.............................................................................. 27 


5,4 Weathering Tests for Laminates, Organic-Coated Glass and Plastics........................ 27 


6 Marking of Safet:y Glazing Material ......................................................................37 


6.1 Label Content..................................................................................................... 37 


6.2 Application of Label. ........................................................................................... 37 


6.3 Special Application Labeling................................................................................. 38 


7 ANNE-X.......................................•...........................................................................39 


8 APPENDIX ...........................................................•...........•.••..................................40 


Al. General ............................................................................................................. 40 


A2. Safe Performance Criteria (See section 5.1.2) ....................................................... 40 


A3. Development of Human Engineering Data Chart.................................................... 40 


A4. Interpretation of Results (See section 5.1.4) ......................................................... 42 


----------------~----,----.~.--..------.------­

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Table of Figures 

Figure 1: Impact Test Structure .......................................................................................... 13 


Figure 2: Impact Test Frame - Front View ........................................................................... 14 


Figure 2.1: Detail of Section A-A PROPERLY Clamped Test Specimen..................................... 15 


Figure 2.2: Detail of Section A-A IMPROPERLY Clamped Test Specimen ................................. 15 


Figure 3: Impact Test Frame - Side View ............................................................................ 16 


Figure 4: Impact Test Frame - Bent Glazing - Front View..................................................... 17 


Figure 4.1: Detail of Section B-B.......................................................................................... 18 


Figure 4.2: Detail of Section C-C.......................................................................................... 18 


Figure 4.3: Detail of Section D-D ........................................................................................ 19 


Figure 5: Bent Glass Impact Test Frame (Exploded View) ...................................................... 19 


Figure 6: Impact Test Frame - Bent Glazing - Side View ........................................................ 20 


Figure 7: Impactor ............................................................................................................. 22 


Figure A1: Human Engineering Data .................................................................................... 41 


Table of Tables 

Table 1: Grouping of Tests for Safety Glazing Materials.......................................................... 9 


Table 2: Applicable Interpretation of Results for Shot Bag Impact ........................................ 25 


Table Xl: Reference Standards ........................................................................................... 39 


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American National Standard for Safety Glazing 

Materials Used in Buildings - Safety Performance 

Specifications and Methods of Test 

1.1 	 Scope. 

This standard establishes the specifications and methods of test for the safety properties of 

safety glazing materials (glazing materials designed to promote safety and reduce the likelihood 

of cutting and piercing injuries when the glazing materials are broken by human contact) as used 

for all building and architectural purposes. 

1.2 	 Purpose. 

The purpose of this standard is to prescribe the minimum safety performance characteristics of 

safety glazing materials. This standard affords a basis for; (1) safety standards for adoption in 

regulations by federal, state, and local regulatory bodies; and (2) for use by building code 

offiCials, architects, designers, specifiers and others as a reference standard. Approval of a 

material under this standard constitutes acceptance of its safety characteristics and the retention 

of those characteristics. It is not to be construed as appraisal of its durability or appearance as a 

glazing material. 

1.3 	 Limitations. 

1.3.1 	 Conformance of a material to this standard demonstrates minimum 

acceptable safety characteristics of the material in use. 

1.3.2 	 While this Standard relates to the minimum safety performance 

property test criteria for safety glazing materials, the lowest 

classification level herein per section 5.1.2 has NOT been accepted by 

all jurisdictions (e.g. CPSC 16 CFR 1201, building codes, etc ... ) as "safe 

performance" for unrestricted human impact accident modes. 

Therefore Class C herein applies to glazing material acceptable by the 

authority having jurisdiction that either: 

(1) 	 has restricted human impact accident modes in 

application; or that 

(2) 	 has a combination of minimal impact characteristics with 

a fire safety function other than energetic human impact 

alone. 

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1.3.3 	 Conformance of a material to this standard is not to be construed as an 

appraisal of its strength, durability or appearance as a glazing material, 

nor does this standard specify situations in which safety-glazing 

materials should be used. 

1.3.4 	 This standard does not address the methods used for the installation of 

safety glazing materials. 

1.3.5 	 A condition of conformance of a material to this standard is its uniform 

production so that it will consistently exhibit these safety 

characteristics. 

1.3.6 	 Monolithic annealed glass, monolithic heat strengthened glass, 

monolithic chemically strengthened glass and monolithic fire rated 

wired glass are not considered safety glazing materials under this 

standard. 

,---,---------­

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This standard is intended for use in conjunction with the cited editions of the following standards 

(see ANNEX Xl for edition year): 

ASTM Cl036, Standard Specification for Flat Glass!. 

ASTM C1048 Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass - Kind HS, Kind FT, Coated and 

Uncoated Glassl 

. 

ASTM Cl172 Standard Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass!. 

ASTM C1349 Standard Specification for Architectural Flat Glass Clad Polycarbonate1

• 

ASTM C1464 Standard Specification for Bent Glass1

• 

ASTM 0618 Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testingl 

, 

ASTM 0756 Practice for Determination of Weight and Shape Changes of Plastics under 

Accelerated Service Conditions!, 

ASTM 0785 Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating 

Materials1

, 

ASTM 0790 Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Un-reinforced and Reinforced 

Plastics and Electrical Insulating Material1

, 

ASTM 0883 Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics1

, 

ASTM 01003 Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent 

Plastics1

, 

ASTM 01435 Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics!, 


ASTM 02240 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Ourometer Hardness1

, 


ASTM 02565 Standard Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor 


Applications1

• 

ASTM 06110 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched 

Specimens of Plastics1

, 

ASTM E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the OE System1

, 

1 ASTM, International. 100 Barr Harbor Olive, West Conshohocken, PA 

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ASTM E313 Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from 

Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates!. 

ASTM G155 Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of NonMetallic Materials! . 

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) 16 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1201 

Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials2 • 

ISO 4892.2 Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources - Part 2 Xenon Arc 

Sources3 • 

2 United States Code of Federal Regulations: title 16, volume 2; superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 

20402, United States. 

3 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Geneva Switzerland 

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asymmetric material. Glazing in which component layers of its construction makeup are 

different in thickness, kind, type or pattern texture about its interlayer and/or central plane 

surface. 

bentglass. Flat glass that has been shaped while hot into a form that has curved surfaces. 

bubble. A visible gas pocket in the interlayer material or in the plastic glazing sheet material, or 

between the interlayer and another layer of glass or plastic glazing sheet material. 

cracking. The visible breaking, splitting or fissuring, either partially or completely through the 

thickness of an individual layer of material. 

crack-free partide. A portion of a broken test specimen that is determined by identifying the 

smallest possible perimeter around all points in the portion of the broken test specimen, always 

passing along un-separated cracks or exposed surfaces. 

crazing. The visible breaking, splitting or fissuring of a material, typically patterned with a 

network of fine lines that do not penetrate through the thickness of an individual layer of 

material. 

delamination. A condition in which one of the glass or plastiC glazing sheet material layers 

loses its bond to an interlayer and separates physically. 

disc%ration. A visibly noticeable chemical or process induced color deviation in the 

appearance of a material. 

fire-resistant wired glass. Flat transparent or translucent soda lime silicate glass which has 

an interconnected steel wire mesh, incorporated in the glass during its manufacturing process. 

To be considered as fire resistant, this product shall be covered by an appropriate listing body 

and when installed shall be labeled accordingly. 

laminatedglazing. A manufactured assembly consisting of at least one sheet of glass bonded 

to at least one other sheet of glass or plastiC glazing material with an organic interlayer. Note: 

when broken, numerous cracks appear, but glass fragments tend to adhere to the interlayer. See 

ASTM Cl172 for additional information. 

2-p/y glass Jaminates. A laminated glass consisting of two sheets of glass bonded 

together with an interlayer. 

multi-ply glass laminates. A laminated glass consisting of more than two layers of 

glass and/or plastic glazing sheet material bonded together by interlayers, where both of 

the outer surfaces are glass. 

---------------------->,~.-.-..---.----------~-

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glass/plastic laminates. A laminated glass consisting of one or more layers of glass 

and one or more layers of plastic glazing sheet material bonded together with one or 

more interlayer(s) in which the plastic surface faces inward when the glazing is installed 

in a structure. 

mirrol'S. Architectural glazing materials whose intended use is based on their reflective quality. 

These materials are composed of a reflective surface and may have a substrate of glass! or 

plastic. 

organk-coated glass. An assembly conSisting of a sheet of glass covered on one or both 

surfaces with either: (1) an adhesive-applied organic film or sheeting! or (2) an applied coating. 

When broken numerous cracks appear! but the glass fragments tend to adhere to the applied 

organic material. 

plastic glazing material A single sheet of synthetic plastic material! a combination of two or 

more such sheets laminated together! or a combination of plastic material and reinforcement 

material in the form of fibers or flakes. This material contains as an essential ingredient an 

organic substance of large molecular weight; is solid in its finished state; and! at some stage in 

its manufacture or in its processing into finished articles! can be shaped by flow. See ASTM 

C1349 for additional information. 

safety glazing materials. Glazing materials so constructed! treated! or combined with other 

materials that! if broken by human contact! the likelihood of cutting or piercing injuries that 

might result from such contact is reduced. 

tempered glass. (also known as a toughened glass). Glass of any shape that has been 

subjected to a thermal treatment process characterized by uniform heating followed by rapid 

uniform cooling to produce compressively stressed surface layers. See ASTM C1048 for 

additional requirement information. 

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Table 1: Grouping of Tests for Safety Glazing Materials 

Glazing Typal 

Test 

sa 

ftI c ._ 

c·­N 

E.!! 

.3" 

~Ia lftl 

Ea 

~ 

'2 i III 

ftI"" III ~ftIftI 0­ ou" 

ul:n 

i C 

ftI 'iii _ftI

A.a 

..., 

C 

~;'Ila

u: .~ it :; 

ell: 

I 

Impact 

Test 5.1 

Center Punch Fragmentation 

Boil 

• 

! Weathering 

Indoor aging 

• 

! Hardness 

Test 5.2 

Test 5.3 

Test 5 4 

Test 5.4.3 

Test 4.7 5.1.4 (3) 

X 

Xl 

)(",5 

X 

X2 

X 

)(",5 

X 

X 

X5 

X 

~ 

X 

, 

I 

Modulus 

Test 4.7 5.1.4 (3) 

~ 

1 Bent and mirror glazing shall be tested in accordance with requirements of the base-glazing product; 

see section 4.4 

2 Center Punch Fragmentation test is used to evaluate the fracture pattem of tempered glass 

specimens that do not break during impact test of section U. 

3 Excludes glass/plastic laminates 

4 Weathering tests on laminated and organic coated glasses shall be performed on the thinnest 

construction of all components in clear glass with clear plastics. 


5 Products intended for indoor use only are not subject to weathering test. 


6 Only required if breakage occurs under impact 


4.1 Condition of Specimens. 

Tests shall be applied to specimens as shipped by the manufacturer and shall be representative 

of commercial production, except that any protective masking material shall be removed prior to 

test. 

4.2 Thickness of Specimens. 

The thickness of the specimens to be tested shall be measured and recorded along with the 

nominal thickness in accordance with accepted industry practice (for glass as set forth in ASTM 

CI036 or other national or international standards.). No manufacturer shall mark or advertise as 

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passing the tests, described in this standard, any product of different nominal thickness than that 

of the specimens passing the tests. 

4.3 Size Classification of Specimens. 

A description of impact specimens to be tested as required for size classification as set forth 

below: 

Unlimited Size (U) 	 34 inches by 76 inches, ± 0.125 (1/8) inch (863 mm by 1930 

mm, ± 3 mm) 

Limited Size (l) 	 Appropriate to Manufacturer, Largest size commercially produced 

by the manufacturer less than 34 inches by 76 inches, ± 1/8 

inch (863 mm by 1930 mm, ± 3 mm). Minimum specimen size: 

16 inches by 30 inches, ± 1/8 inch (406 mm by 762 mm, ± 3 

mm). 

No manufacturer submitting specimens that are in the Limited Size Classification shall mark or 

advertise as passing the tests, described in this standard, any product with either dimension 

greater than those of the specimens passing the tests. 

4.4 Specimens for Impact Tests. 

For impact test (see section 5.:..1.) of any safety glazing material, four specimens, each of the 

thickness and size described in sections 4.2 and 4.3 respectively, shall be required. If the test 

specimens are of an asymmetric material, two shall be impacted from each side. 

For impact test after aging (see section 5.4.4) of safety glazing materials used in indoor 

applications, four specimens, each of the thickness and size described in sections 4.2 and 4.3 

respectively, shall be required. If the test specimens are of an asymmetric material two shall be 

impacted from each side. 

For mirror glazing products using either reinforced or non-reinforced organic adhesive backing 

material, four specimens each with the backing material applied, of the thickness and size 

described in sections 4.2 and 1.J. respectively, shall be required. The specimens shall be 

impacted only on the non-reinforced side and with no other material applied. 

Bent glass test methods shall be the same as for flat sample testing except as referenced in the 

text and figures of this standard (See Figure!, .!r..l, !,l, Y 5. and A). For unlimited size (U) 

classification of bent glass, 34 in x 76 in (864 mm x 1930 mm) specimens with a simple arcshaped bend of 40 inches (1016 mm) shall be tested. Interpretation of results shall be the same. 

See ASTM C1464 for additional information. 

Note: Where project specIfic requirements or limitations in production exis~ other shapes and 

sizes may be tested and classified as limited (L). 

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4.5 Specimens for Boil Test. 

For boil test (see section .s..J) three specimens, each 12 inches by 12 inches, representative of 

commercial production and of identical manufacture and nominal thickness as submitted for 

impact testing (see section 4.4), shall be required. 

4.6 Specimens for Weathering Tests. 

For weathering tests (see section 5.4), specimens as described in sections 4.6.1 and 4.6.2, 

representative of commercial production and of like thickness as submitted for impact testing 

(see section 4.4), shall be required. 

4.6.1 Plastic Glazing Material. 

One un-backed panel, a minimum 6 inches by 6 inches (152 mm by 152 mm), shall be exposed. 

One additional un-backed panel, a minimum 6 inches by 6 inches (152 mm by 152 mm), shall be 

kept in darkness and used as a control. 

NOTE: A minimum offive specimens, each 0.5 inch by 5 inches (12.7 mm by 127mm), is necessary for the 

Charpy Impact Test (ASTM D6110). Alternate panel sizes may be used provided that enough material exists 

to cut a total offive specimens after exposure. Edges shall be trimmed fram exposedpanels prior to cutting 

specimens to minimize edge effects. For materials suspected ofbeing anisotropic, the direction ofone axis 

shall be marked an each pane~ and all specimens shall be cut in the same direction. 

4.6.2 Laminated Glass and Organic-Coated Glass. 

Six specimens, each, a minimum of 2 inches by 6 inches (SO mm by 152 mm) shall be prepared. 

Three specimens shall be exposed and three shall be kept in darkness and used as controls. 

4.7 Specimens for Modulus and Hardness Tests 

4.7.1 Specimens for Flexural Modulus. 

The specimen dimensions are dependent on the thickness of the material and the span distance 

capabilities of the testing machine. The dimensions shall meet the requirements of ASTM 0790 

for flatwise tests. For common plastic glazing thicknesses and common testing machine 

capabilities, specimens 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) wide and 5 inches (127 mm) long can meet the 

requirements. Decreased width and/or increased length may be needed in some cases to meet 

the span to depth ratiO, span to width ratio and span to length requirements of the standard. 

4.7.2 Specimens for Rockwell Hardness. 

The specimens shall be at least 1 inch (25 mm) square and at least 1/4 inch (6 mm) thick. 

Materials less than 0.25 inch (6 mm) thick may be stacked provided that the precautions noted in 

ASTM 0785 are met. 

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5.1 Impact Test. 

Required specimens shall be tested as submitted except that any protective masking or 

protective material shall be removed prior to the test. Any applied coating integral to the 

specimens shall not be removed. The specimens shall be conditioned to a uniform test 

temperature between 65°F and 85°F (18°C and 29°C) for at least 4 hours with separation to 

permit free air circulation. 

5.1.1 Apparatus. 

The test apparatus shall consist of a test frame and an impactor system. The test frame consists 

of a main frame mounted on two base beams with stiffening members and a sub-frame, in which 

the specimen is held. The impactor system consists of the impactor, traction, release, and 

suspension devices. 

(1) Main Frame. The main frame shall be constructed to minimize movement, deflection, 

twisting or racking of its members during testing. For this purpose, the structural framing 

members shall be steel angles 3 inches by 5 inches by 0.25 inch (76 mm by 127 mm by 6 mm) or 

other sections and materials of equal or greater rigidity. The main frame shall be welded or 

securely bolted at the corners and braced as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. 

The main frame is mounted to a rigid floor and/or walt Horizontal members made of steel 

sections connect the main frame to a rigid wall. The base beams are connected to the main 

frame by diagonal members of steel sections (see Figure 1, FigUre 2 and FigUre 3). Attach 

the two base beams of the main frame to a concrete base or floor using bolts M16 or equivalent. 

Internal dimensions of main frame4 (FigUre 2) shall be: 

Internal width: 33.25 inches ±0.2 inch (835 mm ±5 mm) 

Internal height: 75.25 inches ± 0.2 inch (1902 mm ±5 mm) 

4 The internal dimensions of the main frame shall be 1.1 inch (28 mm) J$s than unlimited-size (34 inches by 76 inches 

[863 mm by 1930 mm]) specimen dimensions. 

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Alternate Channel Mounting Holes 

Impactor 

Sub-Frame 

Figure 1: Impact Test Structure 

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S'MVELATTACHMENT 

LOCATEATVERT'ICAL 

CEN'TER1.N! OF lEST / 	 __w MIN. 

MIJVE HORIZON1lNo. 

CENTERLINE. 

.. .. 

.. 

.. 

~::a~ MNJ8t 

.. 

.. .. 

.1 

.. 

•••••• ~ 

• 

.. .. . .. .. 

' .. fA .. .. 

\ 

1\ 

'1\' 

~ \ 

.. ~ 

.. • .. .. 

WIDTH OF 

r18 

A1 

~A<:rERNATE 

8M; 

NOTE: 

TE8TSPEClaEN _ 

SUB FRAME MEMBERS 

FOR TESTINB SPECIMENS AI I PR1'HMI34"X 7ft' 

0UTER8U&PIWE 

NOT SHOWN 

Figure 2: Impact Test Frame - Front View 

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14 
STEELANGLE 

L5X3X!a THK 

INNER 

SUB-FRAME 

j-MIN. 


TEST 
 METAL SHIMS TO 

SPECIMEN PROVIDE NO MORE 

~::=::D=-_=~=====$-- THAN 15% RUBBER '- COMPRESStoN 

(BASED ON THICKNESS 

OFOLASS) 

Figure 2.1: Detail of Section A-A PROPERLY Clamped Test Specimen 

{>1/8 inch (3 mm» 

5· 


TEST 

SPECIMEN 

Figure 2.2: Detail of Section A-A IMPROPERLY Clamped Test Specimen 

{>1/8 Inch (3 mm» 

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erMIN. 

NO MORE THAN 

rWHEN 

BAG IS 

HANGING FREE 

lEST 

SPECIMEN 

BOLT 

SECURELY 

TO FLOOR 

;------38" MIN.------eoI 

CONCRETE WALL 

STEB.BEAM 

OR OllER 

STURDY 

CONSTRUCTION 

o 

ALTERNATE MEANS 

OF BRACING TEST 

FRAME. USE ONE 

BRACE AT EACH 

VERTICAL MEMBER 

~1-~---38"MIN.----~ 

.....--------8O'"MIN.-------"'I 

Figure 3: Impact Test Frame - Side View 

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16 
Z91.1-2009E2 

8WNELATTACHMENT 

LOCATIATVI!RTICH. 

CENTERLINE OF TEST / 	 ____w MIN. 

N!IIJVE HORIZCJN1jN. 

CENT'EAIJNE. 

• 

:..:c~ MINUSJre 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

.1 

• 

•••••• 

• 

• • • 

· • 

r • • • 

\ 

1\ 

" \" 

~ 1\ 

• i;­

• • 

• • 

.L 

WIDTH OF 

.. 

11 

TH18 PORI1ON OF 

TEST FRAME 

NOT REQUIRED IF 

SWlVELATTACHMENT 

18 MOUNTED ON 

8EFMATE CON8TRUCTION 

k~U3 

9 NOTE: 

OUTER 8\JB.FRAME 

NOT SHOWN 

TEST 8PEOIIEN _ 

TEST SPECIMEN MNJe-, 

DIt.EN8ION 10 MATCH WIDTH OF 

MINUS,­ [ (FOR EXAMPLE: A 34-X 7f1' ......001----------,..I...... SAMPLE WlTHA4f1' RADIUS BEN) 

WOULD HAVEACHORD LENGTH 


OF az.r. THEREFOAE az.r -o:nr· 82.1f') 


Figure 4: Impact Test Frame - Bent Glazing - Front View 

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1 

STEEL ANGLE 

L5X3X!"THK 

5" S.X~" INNER 

8 .. SUB-FRAME 

NEOPRENE STRIPS·· , 

DUROMETER HARDNESS: " 

30-50 SHORE "A" .J:~"--I---+..-.I..--r--'w._....t.... ... 

3-

MIN. 

TEST SPECIMEN- \ ___ _ 'a...--"''--r-----, ,­

1~" MIN. 

t OUTER I 

SUB-FRAME I 

.~ 2" MIN.­

Figure 4.1: Detail of Section B-B 

MAINFRAME 

NEOPRENE STRI 

- TEST SPECIMEN 

... RADIUS SUPPORT BLOCK 

Figure 4.2: Detail of Section C-C 

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Z97.1-2009<E2 

Figure 4.3: Detail of Section D-D 

~====~~M~F~ 

Radius SUpport Block 

-:-: ::.-:-: ::.- .. - .. ~ 

.. -.. _. l 

Radius SUb Frame 

Side SUb Frame 

Test Specimen 

Figure 5: Bent Glass Impact Test Frame (Exploded View) 

-----.-~---.---.

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Z97.1-2009E2 

CONCRETE WALL 

8TEB.BEAM 

OR OTHER 

SlURDY 

CONSTRUCTION 

8O"MIN. 

ALTERNATE MEANS 

OF BRACING TEST 

FRAME. USE ONE 

BRACE AT EACH 

VER11CAL MEMBER 

CENTERLINE 

OF 'TEST NOMOREntAN SPECIMEN rWHEN 

BAG IS 

HANGING FREE 

;---------80" MlN.-------....-.j 

Figure 6: Impact Test Frame - Bent Glazing - Side View 

--------_._-­

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(2) Sub-frame. (Test Specimen Mounting Frame). (See Figure 1 and Figure 2) The sub-frame 

for securing the specimens on all four edges consists of two parts made from wood or other 

material which is hard enough to withstand the pressure exerted by the clamping forces. Each 

part shall be provided with a groove or rebate in which a strip of elastomeric rubber is laid; the 

specimen shall only contact the elastomeric rubber strips. 

The inner sub-frame (FigUre 2.1 and FigUre 2.2), which is in contact with the specimen, is 2­

inches by 0.75 inch (50 mm by 19 mm) minimum. The outer part of the sub-frame holds the 

specimen and is 2 inches by 1.5 inches (50 mm by 38 mm) minimum. 

The sub-frame is fixed to the main frame by at least twelve bolts (M10 bolts, scissors clamps or 

equivalent). These shall be fixed at the points marked on Figure 1 and Figure 2, with no fewer 

than two on any edge and spaced no more than 18 inches (450 mm) apart. 

To provide and limit elastomeric rubber compression and avoid sub-frame distortion, noncompressible shims appropriate to glazing thickness shall be used to separate the inner and outer 

parts of the sub-frame (See FigUre 2.1). 

The elastomeric rubber strip, the only element of the sub frame that the test specimen shall 

come into contact with, shall be 0.8 inch (20 mm) wide by 0.4 inch (10 mm) thick and have a 

Shore-A hardness of 40 ± 10. (ASTM D2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property -

Durometer Hardness). 

NOTE: Modifications that clearly do not alter the function or performance of the main frame or sub-frame 

are acceptable. Any reasonable means may be used to secure the sub-frame to the main frame provided 

the mounting is secure and the pressure on the glazing specimen in the sub-frame is controlled. 

(3) Impactor. The impactor shall consist of the leather bag described in Figure 7, a 

commercial punching bagS with its bladder left in place, or any other leather bag of nominally 

identical shape and size. The bag shall be filled with lead shot of 2.4 mm + 0.1 mm diameter 

(nominal USA No. 71/2 or European No. 7 lead shot) and taped. After filling with lead shot, the 

top shall be either pulled over the metal sleeve and tied with a cord; or twisted around the 

threaded eyebolt shaft and tied below the metal sleeve, or both. To reduce bag damage during 

testing, the exterior of the leather bag surface shall be completely covered with glass filament 

reinforced pressure sensitive polyester adhesive tape6, 0.5 inch to 0.6 inch (12 mm to 15 mm) in 

width and 0.006 inch (0.15 mm) thick. Tape the entire bag, using three (3) rolls or 180 yards 

(165 m) total length, and taping in a diagonal-overlapping manner. Tape the neck of the bag 

separately, with additional glass filament reinforced tape of the same kind. The total mass of the 

impactor assembly shall be 100 Ib +4 oz (45.4 kg + 0.2 kg), excluding traction system 

attachments. 

5 Such as 9 inch (229 mm) diameter by 14 inch (356 mm) high Everlast 4207 (raw, full grain 3 ounce (85 grams) 


cowhide) or Everlast 4212 (split 3 ounce (85 grams) cowhide) available from Everlast Sports, Bronx, New York, USA. 


These are trade names. This information is given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement 


of any product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. 


6 Such as 3M No. 898 (a trade name), or equal. (See footnoteS regarding trade name). 


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Z97.1-2009E2 

To reduce bag deformation during testing, the bag shall be rotated about the axis of its 

suspension device before each specimen or sample set, by no less than 30 degrees, and by no 

more than 90 degrees. 

NOTE: To reduce bag damage during testing, a thin homogeneous or non-woven plastic film no more than 

0.005 inch (0.13 mm) thick or a loosely draped woven cloth towel weighing no more than 0.05 gjcm2 

(0.0113 oz./in2) shall not be attached to the impactor, but rather may be suspended vertically in front of 

the surface ofthe specimen ata distance no more than 0.4 inch (10 mm). 

The impactor shape shall be maintained constant during testing. To reduce visible deformation of 

the impactor, it shall be removed from the suspension device and pummeled with a rubber mallet 

into its approximate original shape. 

THREADED EYE OR 

SWIVEL FI1TING REMOVE 

HAHGlNG~ 

STRAP 11- CIA. X 1-LONG 

STEEL SLEEVE WORM-DRIVE (SERES OF STEEL

INSTALLBEFORE~ HOSEaAMP WASHERS MAV BE USED)

BAG ISTAPED 

i"CIA. 

(OR LARGER) 

THREADED 

FUBAG WITH LEAD SHOT STEEL ROD 

so THATTOTAL WEIGHT" 

OFAS8EM8lV IS 100 oz ". 

COVER ENTlRE SURFACE 


OF BAG WJTtt- WIDE 


GlASS FILAMENT REINFORCEl)--" 


PRE88URE SENSfTtVE TAPE " 


TAPE NECK SEPARATELV 

0PT10NAI.4- RADIUS _ 

ON WASHER EDGE 


1'0 PREVENT TEARING 


EYE NUT FOR 


UFTING BRlDL.C' 


(SEE FIG. 2) 

Figure 7: Impactor 

----------------------_._._.--.---­

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---------------------------------------

(4) Suspension Device. The impactor is suspended by means of a single, stranded steel cable, 

approximately 0.125 inch (3 mm) diameter, from an upper swivel-fixture above the head of the 

main frame at an elevation of which the minimum distance between the swivel-fixture and 

impactor centerline is 60 inches (1,524 mm). The upper swivel-fixture must be rigid to ensure 

the point of suspension remains stationary. The lower swivel(s) or equivalent shall be provided 

on the bag for rotation of the impactor about its suspension device axes between impact events. 

When at rest, the surface of the impactor, at it's maximum diameter, shall be located no more 

than 2 inches (51 mm) from the surface of the specimen and no more than 2 inches (51 mm) 

from the center of the specimen. 

(5) Traction and Release System. A traction system shall be used which enables the impactor 

to be brought into its launch poSition. The launch poSition depends on the drop height selected. 

The traction cable is connected to the impactor traction system by a release mechanism, with 

provisions for rotating the impactor. 

To position the impactor at the selected drop height, a traction force shall be applied to raise the 

impactor such that the axis of the impactor shall be aligned with the suspension cable, with the 

cable remaining taut. To ensure this, the top and bottom ends of the impactor shall be 

connected to the release device by a suitable link. 

5.1.2 Impact Classification. 

Glazing materials shall be submitted for impact testing to a selected drop height class. 

5.1.2.1 Drop Height Class. 

Glazing materials conforming to this standard are classified by their performance under the 

impact test at the selected drop height. 

Class A - glazing material that complies with the requirements of section 5.1.4 when 

tested by the procedure of section 5...1.,1 at a drop height between 48 inches and 48.5 

inches (1219 mm and 1232 mm) using an impact specimen appropriate to the size 

classification. 

Class B - glazing material that complies with the requirements of section 5.1.4 when 

tested by the procedure of section.2..U at a drop height of between 18 inches and 18.5 

inches (457 mm and 470 mm) using an impact specimen appropriate to the size 

classification. 

Class C - shall apply only for fire-resistant wired glass. It is a material that complies with 

the requirements of section 5.1.4 when tested by the procedure of section 5.1.3 at a 

drop height of between 12 inches and 12.5 inches (305 mm and 318 mm) using an 

impact specimen size of 34 inches by 76 inches (863 mm by 1930 mm). 

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5.1.2.2 Drop Height Qualification. 

Glazing material qualified for classification at the higher impact drop height level "Class A", shall 

be deemed to comply with the lower impact drop height level "Class 8". 

5.1.3 	 Procedure. 

(1) 	 Place and center each specimen in the sub-frame so each edge is encased in the 

elastomeric rubber strip to a depth of at least 0.4 inch (10 mm). With the 

specimen mounted, the elastomeric rubber strip shall not be compressed by 

more than 15% of its thickness. For bolts, torque shall be 15 ft·lb. + 4 ft·lb 

(20Nm+ 5Nm). 

(2) 	 Select a drop height classification from section 5.1.2.1. Rotate the impactor as 

required. Raise the impactor to the selected drop height intended for 

classification and stabilize it. At the selected drop height, the suspension device 

shall be taut and the axes of the impactor and cable shall be in line. 

(3) 	 The impactor, stabilized in the launch position in a vertical plane normal to the 

test specimen, is released and falls without initial velocity or axial rotation. At 

least one impact shall occur on each test specimen. Unbroken specimens may be 

reused for higher classification impact testing. 

(4) 	 Classify the test specimen according to the Glazing Types in Table 2. Inspect 

each test specimen after impact and record and report whether it complied or 

did not comply with the Applicable Interpretation of Results contained in Table 2. 

If classified as Tempered Glass, open the sub frame to allow any particles to be 

released and fall free. 

(5) 	 If any of the required specimens fail to comply with the requirements of section 

5.1.4, the material shall not be classified for impact. 

(6) 	 For asymmetriC materials, the test shall be carried out on both sides using equal 

numbers of separate specimens. 

(7) 	 When the required number of specimens are impacted and inspected, report the 

impact classification as described in section s.,.u. If all specimens tested by 

impact either do not break, or break according to the requirements of section 

5.1.4, the glazing material shall be classified as described in section 5.1.2, at the 

impact level tested. Classification shall comprise the word "Class", followed by a 

letter designation ("A" or "8" or "C") for drop height class. 

(8) 	 If it is required to test the material to a higher impact classification level, repeat 

the test on the required number of undamaged specimens of the same material 

at the higher impact level. At the fabricator's discretion, previously tested but 

unbroken specimens may be used for higher impact classification testing. 

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(9) 	 Each specimen of bent glass will be impacted on the convex surface at the 

center of the specimen perpendicular to the frame from the selected drop height 

(see Figure 6). 

Note: The convex surface is tested due to the realistic constraints of the test set-up in impacting 

the concave surface. Additionally, as of the date of this publication no data was available that 

showed one surface is more or less likely to break dun"ng impact. 

Table 2: Applicable Interpretation of Results for Shot Bag Impact 

I nterpretation of 

Results 

Laminated 

Glass 

Tempered 

Glass 

Plastic 

Glazing 

Organic 

Coated 

Glass 

Fire 

Resistant 

Wired 

Glass 

5.1.4(1) X X X 

5.1.4 (2) X 

5.1.4 (3) X 

5.1.4 (4) X X X X X 

5.1.4 	 Interpretation of Results. 

Evaluation after impact shall occur whether the spedmen remains fully engaged in the frame, 

partially engaged in the frame, or is entirely disengaged from the frame. A glazing material shall 

be judged to pass the impact test if anyone of the applicable criteria below is met by each of the 

required number of impact specimens tested. 

(1) 	 When breakage occurs with appearance of numerous cracks and fissures, but 

remains substantially in one piece and no tear or shear or opening develops 

within the vertical specimens through which a 3.0 inch (76 mm) diameter sphere 

can pass using a horizontally applied force of 4.0 lb. (18 N) or less. 

(2) 	 When breakage occurs, the 10 largest crack-free particles shall be selected 

within 5 minutes subsequent to the impact and shall weigh no more than the 

equivalent weight of 10 square inches (640 square millimeters) of the original 

specimen. For purposes of impact test evaluation when breakage occurs, the 

average thickness of a tempered glass specimen containing grooves, bevels, or 

other thickness altering fabrication shall be considered the average of the 

thinnest measurement of each of the ten (10) geometrically largest crack-free 

particles. This average thickness will then be used to determine the maximum 

allowable weight of the ten (10) largest crack-free particles. 

NOTE: The weight in ounces of10 square inches ofglass is equal to 14.5 times the glass thickness 

in inches. The weight in grams of 10 square inches of glass is equal to 412 times the glass 

thickness in inches (16.18grams/mm). 

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(3) 	 When breakage occurs due to impact, the stiffness and hardness of the 

specimens shall be determined. A modulus of elasticity (see ASTM 0790) less 

than 550,000 psi (3.9 Gpa) and a Rockwell hardness (see ASTM 0785) less than 

M or R 140 shall indicate satisfactory compliance. 

(4) 	 The specimen does not break after impact:. See section .5..l for all specimens of 

tempered glass that do not fracture. 

5.2 	 Center Punch Fragmentation Test 

This test is to be performed in addition to the test described in section 5.1. Specimens for testing 

shall previously have been tested per section 5...1. SpeCimens temperature shall be between 65°F 

and 85°F (18.3°C and 29.4°C) prior to testing. 

5.2.1 	 Equipment 

The following equipment is required: 

(1) 	 A sharp impactor such as a pointed hammer of about 2.65 ounces (75 g) mass, 

or a spring loaded center punch (such as Starrett No. 18C automatic center 

punch) or similar appliance can be used. 

(2) 	 A means of specimen support consisting of a flat base with adjustable horizontal 

curbs to prevent scattering of fragments. 

(3) 	 A calibrated scale suitable for accurately weighing selected particles to the 

nearest 0.004 ounce (0.1 gram). 

(4) 	 A calibrated micrometer similar to Starrett No. 230, 0 inch - 1 inch (0 mm to 25 

mm ) capable of measuring the thickness of the selected specimen I particle. 

5.2.2 	 Procedure 

(1) 	 Place the specimen on the flat base and place the curb lightly along the 

specimen edges so the sample can elongate slightly yet the fragments remain 

interlocked. 

(2) 	 Strike the test specimen 1 inch (25-mm) inboard of the longest edge at its 

midpoint until fracture occurs. 

5.2.3 	 Particle Weight Determination 

(1) 	 Within five minutes after fracture collect and weigh the ten (10) largest crackfree particles. In the event any of the ten (10) largest particles cracks after 

original selection, all pieces shall be weighed. 

(2) 	 For transparent flat glass, measure the thickness of the largest particle. For 

patterned glass thickness measurement, see ASTM Cl036 for thickness 

measurement technique. Record the thickness. 

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5.2.4 	 Center Punch Fragmentation Interpretation of Results 

(1) 	 The total weight of the ten (10) largest crack-free pieces shall weigh no more 

than the equivalent weight of 10 square inches (6452 mm2) of the original test 

sample. (The weight in ounces of 10 square inches of glass is equal to 14.5 times the 

glass thickness in inches. The weight in grams of 10 square inches of glass is equal to 

412 times the glass thickness in inches (16.18 grams/mm». 

(2) 	 No one particle shall be longer than 4 inches (102 mm). 

5.2.5 	 If any of the required specimens fail to comply with the requirements 

of section the material shall not be classified for impact. 

5.3 	 Boil Test for Laminated Glass. 

This test shall be made to determine the probable effect of exposure to high temperature and 

humidity conditions for a long period of time. 

5.3.1 	 Procedure. 

Three 12 inch by 12 inch (305 mm x 305 mm) flat specimens, as submitted, shall be immersed, 

vertically, in water at 150°F ± 10°F (65.6°C ± 6°C) for 3 minutes and then quickly transferred to 

and simfiarly immersed in boiling water. The specimens shall be kept in the boiling water for 2 

hours and then removed. 

5.3.2 	 Interpretation of Results. 

The glass itself may crack in this test, but no bubbles or other defects shall develop more than 

0.5 inch (12 mm) from the outer edge of the specimen or from any crack that may develop. Any 

specimen in which the glass cracks to an extent confusing the results shall be discarded without 

prejudice, and another specimen shall be tested instead. 

5.4 	 Weathering Tests for Laminates, Organic-Coated Glass and 

Plastics. 

The purpose of these tests is to determine whether these safety-glazing materials will 

successfully retain their safety characteristics after exposure to weathering conditions for an 

extended period of time. The weathering methods described in section 5.4.1 shall be used for all 

materials subjected to exterior exposure. After weathering, organic-coated glass shall be tested 

as described in sections 5.4.2.1 and 5.4.2.2; laminates shall be tested as described in sections 

5.4.2.1 and 5.4.2.3, and plastiCS shall be tested as described in section 5.4.2.4 in order to 

evaluate whether or not the safety glazing meets the weathering requirements. Plastic and 

OrganiC coated materials intended for interior use only shall be subjected to the requirements of 

section 2..1..l. 

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Z97.1-2009E:2 

5.4.1 Weathering Methods. 


The specimens shall be subjected to one of the following two weathering exposure alternatives. 


For laminated and organic-coated glass, three (3) specimens with the side marked for exterior 


exposure shall be exposed to the energy source. Three (3) additional specimens shall be controls 


and shall be held in darkness at 73.40 F ± 3.60 F (23°C ± 20 C) until needed (see sections 5.4.2.2 


and .5....1..b.J). For the plastics, see section 1...2..1. 


5.4.1.1 Natural Exposure. 

5.4.1.1.1 Procedure. 

The specimens shall be exposed in accordance with ASTM 01435 using a 26° North latitude, 

direct exposure, faCing South, open-backed mounting. 

5.4.1.1.2 Location. 

The specimens shall be exposed in South Florida, United States 

5.4.1.1.3 Duration. 

The specimens shall be exposed for one year. On average, a one year exposure approximates a 

Total Ultraviolet (TUV) exposure of 300 ± 25 MJ/m2 at 295-385 nm. 

5.4.1.2 Accelerated Exposure. 

5.4.1.2.1 Apparatus. 

The specimens shall be subjected to exposure in a Xenon-Arc Type Operating Light Apparatus as 

specified in ASTM G155. 

5.4.1.2.2 Procedure. 

The specimens shall be exposed 3,000 hrs in accordance to ASTM 02565 (or ISO 4892.2) and 

the following conditions: 

5.4.1.2.3 Filter Type. 

Borosilicate inner and outer (or equivalent) 

5.4.1.2.4 Cycle. 

Utilize Cycle 1 of ASTM 02565. (102 minutes of irradiation, 18 minutes of irradiation and water 

spray.) 

5.4.1.2.5 Black Panel Temperature. 

145° ± 4°F (63° ± 2°C) 

5.4.1.2.6 Relative Humidity. 

50% ± 5% 

5.4.1.2.7 Spray Water. 

Deionized 

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5.4.1.2.8 Level of Irradiance. 

0.35 ± 0.02 watts/m2@ 340 nm, or 41.5 ± 2.5 w/m2 from 300 400nm. 


5.4.1.2.9 Exposure. 


3000 hours. On average, 3000 hour Xenon arc exposure approximates a TUV exposure of 300 ± 


25 MJ/m2 equivalent to one year South Florida exposure at 26° North Latitude direct exposure 


facing South. 


5.4.2 Tests after Weathering 


Specimens exposed in accordance with section 5.4.1.1 and/or section 5.4.1.2 shall be tested after 


weathering according to the procedures outlined in sections 5.4.2.1 and 5.4.2.2. For organic­


coated glass, section 5.4.2.1; for laminates, section 5.4.2.3; and for plastics section 5.4.2.4. 


5.4.2.1 Tests after Weathering for Laminated and Organic Coated Materials 


Assessment of optical changes after weathering are included for Laminated and Organic Coated 


materials as significant changes can be indicative of product degradation which may have an 


affect on impact and safety performance. 


5.4.2.1.1 Specimens shall be measured at a point more than 10 mm inward from any edge. 


5.4.2.1.2 	 When compared to control (unexposed) samples, no weathered specimen shall 

exhibit more than the allowable change, as specified, for the following properties: 

(l) 	 Visible Light Transmittance change not greater than 5 percentage units 

(e.g.: 91 % control + 5% = 96% or 86%) as measured according to ASTM 

D1003; Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of 

Transparent Plastics. 

(2) 	 Yellowness Index (for clear products only) change not greater than 0.5 YI 

units (e.g.: 0.70 YI control + 0.5 = 1.20) as measured according to ASTM 

E313; Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices 

from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates. 

(3) Haze change not greater than 0.5 percentage units (e.g.: 0.70 control 

1.20 or 0.20) as measured according to ASTM D1003; Standard Test 

Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics. 

(4) 	 Delta E less than or equal to 5 units as measured according to ASTM 

E308; 	Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE 

System. 

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5.4.2.2 Tests after Weathering for Organic-Coated Glass Only. 

Organic-Coated Glass specimens shall be judged satisfactory if they pass the requirements of 

section 5.4.2.1, adhesion test (see section 5.4.2.2.1) and the tensile strength test (see section 

5.4.2.2.2). 

5.4.2.2.1 Adhesion Test. 

5.4.2.2.1.1 Specimens. 


Six specimens, (nominally 2 inch by 6 inch (52 mm by 152 mm» prepared as described in section 


4.6.2 shall be tested. The specimens shall be conditioned just prior to the performance of the 

adhesion test at 73.50F ± 3.50F (23°C ± 20C) and 50% ± 2% relative humidity for 24 hours. 

5.4.2.2.1.2 Apparatus. 

The test apparatus shall be (a) a tensile tester of the constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type with 

the moving cross head set to move at 12 inches (305 mm) per minute and the load range set so 

that the average peel force will fall at 30%-50% of full scale and (b) a cutting device containing 

new razor blades for cutting 1 inch (25 mm) wide speCimens (use each blade one time only), 

5.4.2.2.1.3 Procedure. 

USing the 1 inch (25 mm) razor cutting device, cut a straight strip of the organic coating in the 

lengthwise direction of the glass sample. Peel back about 2 inches (52 mm) of one end of the 1 

inch (12 mm) wide organic strip. Attach a strip of pressure-sensitive tape to the side of the 

organic strip OPPOSite the adhesive to extend this free end to about 8 inches (203 mm) in length. 

Place the end of the glass panel from which the organic strip was removed in the lower clamp of 

the tensile tester and the free end of the tape in the upper clamp. Peel the remainder of the 

organic strip from the glass mechanically and obtain a record of the peel value. Determine the 

'average pull for each specimen from the chart record. 

5.4.2.2.1.4 Interpretation of Results. 

The organic-coated glass adhesions shall be judged satisfactory if the average adhesion value of 

the three exposed specimens is no less than 75% of the average adhesion value of the three 

control (unexposed) specimens. 

5.4.2.2.2 Tensile Strength Test. 

5.4.2.2.2.1 Specimens. 

The samples for this test are the same specimens used in the adheSion test (see section 

5.4.2.2.1) and conditioned as in section 5.4.2.2.1.1. 

5.4.2.2.2.2 Apparatus. 

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The test apparatus shall be (a) a CRE tensile tester set as follows: gage length - 2 inches (52 

mm)i crosshead speed - 2 inches (52 mm) per minutei load range - set full-scale load so that 

specimens will break at 30%-60% of full scale and (b) a cutter containing new razor blades for 

cutting 1/2 inch (12 mm) wide specimens (use each blade one time only). 

5.4.2.2.2.3 Procedure. 

USing the 1/2 inch (12 mm) razor cutting device, cut a straight strip of the organic coating in the 

lengthwise direction of the glass sample for the full 6 inch (152 mm) length. Carefully peel this 

strip from the glass panel and test it for breaking strength in the tensile strength tester. 

5.4.2.2.2.4 Interpretation of Results. 

The organic-coating tensile shall be judged satisfactory if the average tensile value of the three 

exposed specimens is no less than 75% of the average tensile value of the three control 

specimens. 

5.4.2.3 Tests after weathering for laminated glass only. 

5.4.2.3.1 Specimens. 

After exposure, the test specimens may be cleaned, if necessary, using a procedure 

recommended by their manufacturer to remove any residues present. 

5.4.2.3.2 Conditioning. 

Both the unexposed and exposed specimens shall be conditioned prior to examination or further 

testing for a minimum of 48 hours at 71°F to 75°F (22°C to 24°C) and 50% ± 2% relative 

humidity. 

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5.4.2.3.3 Viewing. 

When irradiated and conditioned, the exposed specimens shall be examined and compared 

visually with the unexposed controls. Specimens shall be placed in a vertical position. The 

viewer shall look through the specimen using daylight without direct sunlight, or using a 

background light suitable for observing blemishes. View at 36 inch (910 mm). 

5.4.2.3.4 Interpretation of Results. 

Any improvement in clarity or discoloration is acceptable. When examined after ultraviolet 

exposure, each exposed test specimen shall be substantially free of noticeable decomposition as 

defined by absence of the following specific kinds of developed defects or blemishes, when 

observed by this inspection method in comparison to unexposed control specimen(s): 

(1) 	 No bubbles or delamination shall be visible more than 0.4 inch (10 mm) from any 

outer edge of the specimen, and 

(2) 	 No crazing or cracking is allowed. 

(3) 	 If no noticeable decomposition and no other defects develop upon exposure, the 

glazing material shall be reported as visually acceptable. Otherwise, 

unacceptable glazing material shall be reported as visually blemished. 

5.4.2.4 Tests after Weathering for Plastics Only. 

5.4.2.4.1 Specimens shall be evaluated before and after exposure in accordance 

with ASTM D6110, Charpy Impact Test, method B, with the following exceptions: 

(1) The specimens shall not be notched. 

(2) The specimens shall be tested with the exposed surface in tension. 

(3) The specimens shall be exposed and tested f1atwise. 

(4) The 	span shall be reduced to 2 inches (52 mm) for thin material that may slip 

through the supports without breaking. 

(5) The 	average of five (5) samples take from the weathered specimens shall be 

reported. 

5.4.2.4.2 Interpretation of Results. 

Plastic materials shall be acceptable for use as safety glazing if the impact strength as measured 

by the Charpy Impact Test is not reduced by more than 25% as a result of the natural or 

accelerated exposure. No bubbles or other physical degradation shall develop in the exposed 

portion. 

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5.4.3 	 Aging Tests for Plastics and Organic-Coated Glass Used in Indoor 

Applications Only7. 

The purpose of these tests is to determine whether plastic and organic-coated glass for indoor 

use only will successfully retain their safety characteristics after exposure to simulated aging 

conditions for an extended period of time. The specimens described in 4.4 for impact test after 

aging shall be used. 

5.4.3.1 Aging Tests for Plastics used in Indoor Applications Only 

Specimens passing the requirements of natural or accelerated exposure (section 5.4.1) and 

subsequent testing (section 5.4.2) are deemed qualified for indoor applications. 

5.4.3.1.1 Apparatus. 

A non-corroding container with a shelf suitable to support the test specimen above the solution 

used for maintaining the required humidity. The container shall be tightly sealed except for a 

small capillary which permits release of vapor pressure that might otherwise lift the top off the 

container. Each test specimen shall be tested preferably in a separate container. 

5.4.3.1.2 Testing Procedures. 

The plastiC shall be subject to exposure to warm, humid and dry cycles. Four plastic specimens 

shall be subjected the following procedures: 

5.4.3.1.2.1 Test Conditions. 

Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 73.4 ± 3.6°F (23 ± 2°C) and 50 ± 5 % 

relative humidity. 

5.4.3.1.2.2 Conditioning. 

Condition the test specimens at 73.4 ± 3.6°F (23 ± 2°C) and 50 ± 5 % relative humidity for not 

less than 40 hours prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice ASTM 0618. 

5.4.3.1.2.3 Cycle. 

Ten (10) complete humid/dry test cycles (480 total hours - not including Conditioning from 

5.4.3.1.2.2) where one cycle includes 24 hours at 140°F ± 50 F (60°C ± 3°C) and 88 % relative 

humidity, followed by 24 hours at l400F ± 50 F (60°C ± 3°C) in an oven. 

7 Test procedure excerpted from discontinued standard. Reprinted, with permiSSion, from ASTM 0756-93 Practice for 

Determination of Weight and Shape Changes of Plastics Under Accelerated Service Conditions, copyright ASTM 

International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428 (Discontinued 1998)1 

-----------------,----~"-.-----'----~-------

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5.4.3.1.3 Weight and dimensions of specimens. 

5.4.3.1.3.1 Weight. 

Measure and record the weight within 0.05 % if the specimen weighs 3.4 oz (100 g) or less, and 


within 0.1 % if the specimen exceeds 3.4 oz (100 g) in weight. 


5.4.3.1.3.2 Dimensions of Directionally Formed Specimens. 


Measure and record the thickness to 0.001 in (0.025 mm), the plane dimension in the direction of 


injection or transfer to 0.001 in (0.025 mm), and the plane dimension across the direction of 


injection or transfer to 0.001 in (0.025 mm). 


5.4.3.1.3.3 Dimensions of Compression Molded Specimen. 

Measure and record the thickness to 0.001 in (0.025 mm), and the perpendicular dimensions in 

the plane at right angles to the direction of molding to 0.001 in (0.025 mm). 

5.4.3.1.3.4 Conditioning of Specimens for Weight and Dimension 

Specimens shall be brought to room temperature in a clean, empty, sealed container, which will 

require 10 to 30 min. Then the specimen shall be weighed in less than 10 min after exposure to 

room conditions. The dimensions shall be measured immediately after weighing the specimen. 

5.4.3.1.4 Visual Inspection. 

Noticeable qualitative changes in surfaces, outline, and general appearance of the test specimen 

shall be recorded after each stage of the testing procedure. These changes include color, surface 

irregularities, odor, and splits, in accordance with ASTM 0883. Changes shall also be noted as 

they occur, especially those which alter the shape so that intended dimensions are no longer 

significant. 

5.4.3.1.5 Specimen Exposure. 

(1) 	 Prior to exposure, condition the specimen according to section 5.4.3.1.2.2. 

Weigh, measure and inspect the conditioned specimen in accordance with 

sections 5.4.3.1.3 and 5.4.3.1.4. 

(2) 	 Expose the specimen for 24 h on the shelf of a container maintained at 140 ± 

1.8°F (60 ± 1°C) in the oven, and containing a saturated solution of sodium 

sulfate to maintain a relative humidity of 85 to 89 %. 

(3) 	 Remove the specimen from the container, place it in a clean, empty, sealed 

container, and bring to room temperature in accordance with section 5.4.3.1.3.4. 

(4) 	 Wipe the specimen with the absorbent cloth, and then weigh, measure 

dimensions, and examine visually in accordance with sections S.4.3.1.3 and 

5.4.3.1.4 respectively. 

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(5) 	 Within 2 hours after completion of the operation described in section 

5.4.3.1.5(2), expose the specimen for 24 hours in a dry oven at 140 ± 1.8°F (60 

± 1°C). 

(6) 	 Remove the specimen from the oven, place it in a clean, empty, sealed 

container, and bring to room temperature in accordance with section 5.4.3.1.3.4. 

(7) 	 Wipe the specimen with the absorbent cloth, and then weigh, measure 

dimensions, and examine visually in accordance with sections 5.4.3.1.3 and 

5.4.3.1.4 respectively. 

(8) 	 Recycle the specimen in accordance with section 5.4.3.1.2.3. Weigh and 

measure dimensions in accordance with section 5.4.3.1.3 and perform visual 

inspection in accordance with section 5.4.3.1.4. Continue recycling, weighing 

and measuring until the total hours of exposure are completed. Weigh and 

measure specimens at completion of total hours after conditioning according to 

section 5.4.3.1.2.2. 

5.4.3.1.6 Physical Testing. 

5.4.3.1.6.1 	 The specimen shall be subjected to physical tests in accordance with section 5.4.4. 

5.4.3.1.6.2 	 One additional specimen shall be retained unexposed as a control for the effects of 

the exposure cycling. Then, all specimens shall be tested as described in section 

5.4.4. 

5.4.3.2 Aging Tests For Organic-Coated Glass used In Interior Applications Only 

5.4.3.2.1 Apparatus. 

A conditioning chamber of sufficient size to hold up to 34 inch by 76 inch (864 mm x 1930 mm) 

panels vertically and capable of maintaining conditions of 1400 F ± 5°F (600 C ± 30C), lDOOF ± 

50 F (380C ± 30C) and 95% ± 5% relative humidity, and OaF ± 5°F (180C ± 3°C). 

5.4.3.2.2 Procedure. 

Place four of the organic-coated glass specimens pOSitioned vertically and spaced at least 1 inch 

(25 mm) apart in the chamber. Raise the temperature to 140°F ± 5°F (60°C ± 5°C) within 3 

hours and maintain for 21 hours. Change the chamber conditions to lOO°F ± 5°F (380C ± 30 C) 

and 95% ± 5% relative humidity in 3 hours and maintain for 21 hours. This represents one 

complete cycle. Expose the specimens to 10 complete cycles. At the completion of the tenth 

cycle, change the chamber conditions to OaF ± 5°F (18°C ± 3°C) in 3 hours and maintain for 21 

hours. The fifth specimen shall be retained unexposed as a control for the effects of the 

exposure cycling. Upon completion of the required number of exposure cycles, all specimens 

shall be tested as described in section 5.4.4. 

-----._--------" ----~---------~----.-

17 A.M 

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5.4.4 Impact Test after Aging for Plastics and Organic-Coated Glass 

5.4.4.1 Apparatus. 

The apparatus described in section 5.1.1 shall be used. 

5.4.4.2 Procedure. 

All the specimens exposed as described in section shall be conditioned as described in 

section and evaluated by the procedure in section 5.1.2. 

5.4.4.3 Interpretation of Results. 

The exposed specimens shall again satisfactorily complete the impact test in accordance with 

section.5:..l..J. Milkiness may develop but defects other than these shall be cause for rejection. 

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After having successfully passed the appropriate tests in this standard, like products and 

materials produced in the same manner as specimens submitted per test shall be legibly and 

permanently marked with a label. 

6.1 	 Label Content. 

The label shall contain the following information: 

(1) 	 Supplier's name, distinctive mark or deSignation. 

(2) 	 The words "American National Standard Z97.1-2009" or the characters "ANSI 

Z97.1-2009." 

(3) 	 Classification of test size (L or U) and drop height class (A, B or C). Plastic 

glazing does not require drop height. 

(4) 	 Place of fabrication (if fabricator has more than one location fabricating the 

product). 

NOTE: Additional details and information, such as thickness and date of manufacture, are 

permitted. 

6.2 	 Application of Label. 

The appropriate party using the following guidelines shall apply the permanent label: 

(1) 	 Laminated and fire-resistant wired glass stock sheets (i.e., size produced by the 

manufacturer) shall be labeled by the manufacturer of the stock sheet. 

(2) 	 All glazing products including cut size laminates, fire-resistant wired glass and 

tempered glass shall be labeled by the company producing the finished cut to 

size glass product. 

(3) 	 The fabricator or manufacturer shall label plastic glazing materials. 

(4) 	 The installer of the safety film shall label field-applied organic coatings (films). 

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-------------------------------------

6.3 Special Application Labeling. 

Certain types of glazing material shall also be marked with additional information as appropriate. 

6.3.1 Safety Glazing Materials Used in Indoor Applications Only. 

After having successfully passed the appropriate tests (see section 5.4.3), like products and 

materials produced in the same manner as specimens submitted for testing shall be legibly and 

permanently marked with the words - "Indoor Use Only". 

6.3.2 Organic-Coated Glass Only. 

Organic-coated glass materials shall be legibly and permanently marked with the words "Glaze 

This Side In," to indicate to the installer, inspector, or user which side of the organic-coated glass 

should be exposed to the elements if there is a specific side that should be exposed. 

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(This Annex is a mandatory part of American National Standard Z97.1-2009€ and indicates the 

publication year of the applicable standard referenced in ANSI Z97.1-2009€.) 

ANNEX X 

Table Xl 

ASC Z97.1-2009£ 


Reference Standards 


As listed in ANSI Z97.1-2009£ 

Location 

Referenced 

Section(s) 

Current Edition 

ASTM C1036 4.2 2006 5.2.3 

ASTM C1048 3 2004 

ASTM C1172 3 2009 

ASTM C1349 3 2004 

~64 4.4 2006 

18 5.4.3.1.2.2 2008 

ASTM 0756 5.4.3.1 1993 

ASTM 0785 4.7.2 2008 5.1.4(3) 

ASTM 0790 4.7.1 2007e1 5.1.4(3) 

ASTM 0883 5.4.3.1.4 2008 

ASTM 01003 5.4.2.1.2(1 ) 2007e1 5.4.2.1.2(3) 

ASTM 01435 5.4.1.1.1 2005 

ASTM 02240 5.1.1 (2) 2005 

ASTM 02565 5.4.1.2.2 1999(2008) 5.4.1.2.4 

ASTM 06110 4.6.1 Note 2008 5.4.2.4.1 

ASTM E308 5.4.2.1.2(4) 2008 

ASTM E313 5.4.2.1.2(2) 2005 

ASTM G155 5.4.1.2.1 2005a 

~RPart1201 1.3.2 1977 

5.4.1.2.2 2006 

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Z97.1-2009E2 

(This Appendix is not part of American National Standard Z97.l-2009E

, but is included for 

information only.) 

Basis of Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test 

AI. General 

One purpose in the development of this standard is to provide a single functional test that will 

simulate such human contact as normally results in cutting and piercing injuries. The 

performance of each safety glazing material is evaluated by impacting in the normally installed 

position. The test should be conducted from the direction that human impact would occur. Only 

such auxiliary tests as are considered necessary to evaluate the continued performance level, are 

used in the case of glazing containing organic material. 

Al. Safe Performance Criteria (See section ~) 

The performance criteria are directly related to the reduction of cutting and piercing injuries to 

persons who impact the glazing used in buildings. 

The 100-ft. Ibf (445 N) and ISO-ft. Ibf (667 N) energy levels were established as practically 

related to those situations in which the limited acceleration path precluded, in most cases, the 

possibility of an individual developing their full kinetic energy (ke) potential (see section 1.3). 

The 400-ft. Ibf (1779 N) impact level was established for relatively unlimited acceleration paths in 

which it might be reasonable to expect that an energetiC teenager might develop something 

approaching his or her full impact velOCity. 

As section A3 of this Appendix indicates, the independent safety experts who conSidered the 

matter judged that these values were practical. (See section A3 and Figure AI.) 

A3. Development of Human Engineering Data Chart 

Safety experts indicate that a 100-lb (45 kg) person is representative of glass breakage accident 

victims. From Figure Al it is apparent that a 100-lb (45 kg) person running at the rate of a 4­

minute mile has about 755 ft. Ibf (3358 N) of kinetic energy. The amount of this energy a person 

might deliver to a glazed opening would depend upon the way the glazed surface was impacted. 

A "straight-arm" would transmit more energy to the glazing material than an arm that flexes with 

the impact. 

For test purposes, Accredited Standards Committee Z97 deCided, after extensive evaluation, to 

use a readily available leather punching (speed) bag filled with 100 pounds of lead shot to 

simulate the running (person). The test impact values were selected as representative of energy 

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Z97.1-2009E:2 

levels likely to be delivered by humans in practical situations involving interior doors and patio 

doors. These test levels were set considerably below the 755-ft. Ibf (3358 N) kinetic energy level 

of the typical victim, since the impact energy delivered to the glazing material - perhaps first by 

the hands, then by the head, and then by the knees - is much less than the kinetic energy of the 

running (person). Also, the impact will be at less than normal (90-degree) incident angle in most 

cases. 

~ 3000 

c:; 

o 

LI. 

~ 2500 

~ ;-2000 o 

o 

LI. 

200lb 

150lb 

100lb 

MAXIMUM IMPACT ENERGY 

FROM 1O()'lb BOY 

1000 rRUNNING 22ft/s 

.lib 755---------­ 50lb 

500 

25Jb 

o : 10 15 I 25 30 I VELOCITY, ft/s 

5 ";jih 

I 

22 ttls 

I 

30 ftls 

(FAST WALK} 14-min mi) (lO-S 100 vd) 

0.39i 1.56 3.62 6.25 9.n 14.1 

FREE-FALL DISTANCE REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE VELOCITY, FEET 

Figure AI: Human Engineering Data 

Figure Al was developed to assist ASC Z97 committe~ in establishing perfo~man~e c:iteria for 

safety glazing materials subject to human impact. It IS based on the follOWing kinetic energy 

formula: 

ke 1/2mv2 

where 

ke =kinetic energy in foot pounds-force 

m =mass of missile 

=weight of missile in pounds/ (32.2 ft/s2) 

v =velocity of missile in feet per second 

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Maximum impact energy equals the kinetic energy of the person in motion at the moment of 

impact. Actual impact energy (that which the person delivers) is considerably less, except 

perhaps in the case of a person falling on a non-vertical surface. 

A4. Interpretation of Results (See section ~) 

Within the scope of this standard, which has as its objective redUCing the frequency of cutting 

and piercing injuries, it is evident that a material that does not break under impact is safe from 

these types of injuries. 

"Break safe" criteria were developed largely as a matter of judgment based on observation of 

available glazing materials breaking under the test conditions. It is intended that any material 

that meets anyone of the criteria in section 5.1.4 be considered safe within the scope of this 

standard. 

To allow for practical interpretation of results, which admittedly may appear loosely defined to 

the uninitiated, rather severe impact levels were selected. The safety experts and the members 

of the original drafting committee who observed the many tests conducted in developing the 

standard were confident that laboratory personnel will quickly develop an ability to apply 

objective judgments using these criteria . 

.-------~-.---. 

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As the voice of the u.s. standards and conformity assessment system, the American National 

Standards Institute (ANSI) empowers its members and constituents to strengthen the U.s. 

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promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems, 

and safeguarding their integrity. 

Founded October 19, 1918 

Legal Status A 501(c)3 private, not-for-profit organization 

Address: 

Headquarters New York Office * 

1819 L Street, NW 25 West 43rdStreet 

Suite 600 4th Floor 

Washington, DC 20036 New York, NY 10036 

+1 (202) 293-8020 + 1 (212) 642-4900 

Leadership 

Arthur E. Cote, P.E S. Joe Bhatia 

Chairman of the Board President and Chief Executive Officer 

Executive Vice President and Chief Engineer 

National Fire Protection Association 

Employees 90+ 

Membership Comprised of Government agencies, Organizations, Companies, Academic and 

International bodies, and individuals, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 

represents the interests of more than 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals. 

Annual Budget $22 million 

Affiliations 

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ANSI is the official U.s. representative to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 

and, via the U.S. National Committee, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ANSI 

is also a member of the International Accreditation Forum (IAF). 

Regionally, the Institute is the U.S. member of the Pacific Area Standards Congress (PASC) and 

the Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT). ANSI is also a member of the Pacific 

Accreditation Cooperation (PAC) and via the ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board (ANAB), a 

member of the Inter American Accreditation Cooperation (IAAC). 

Websites: 

• ANSI Online 

• ANSI eStandards Store (eSS) 

• NSSN: A National Resource for Global Standards 

Serial Publications 

• ANSI Congressional Standards Update (monthly) 

• What's New (weekly) 

• Standards Action (weekly) 

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Introduction to ANSI 

http://www.ansi.org/about ansjfintroduction/introduction.aspx?menuid=l 

Overview of the U.S. Standardization System 

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has served in its capacity as administrator and 

coordinator of the United States private sector voluntary standardization system for more than 90 

years. Founded in 1918 by five engineering societies and three government agencies, the 

Institute remains a private, nonprofit membership organization supported by a diverse 

constituency of private and public sector organizations. 

Throughout its history, ANSI has maintained as its primary goal the enhancement of global 

competitiveness of U.S. business and the American quality of life by promoting and facilitating 

voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems and promoting their integrity. 

The Institute represents the interests of its nearly 1,000 company, organization, government 

agency, institutional and international members through its office in New York City, and its 

headquarters in Washington, D.C. 

National Standardization 

ANSI facilitates the development of American National Standards (ANS) by accrediting the 

procedures of standards developing organizations (SDOs). These groups work cooperatively to 

develop voluntary national consensus standards. Accreditation by ANSI signifies that the 

procedures used by the standards body in connection with the development of American National 

Standards meet the Institute's essential requirements for openness, balance, consensus and due 

process. 

ANSI is often asked about the total number of standards (and standards setting bodies) in the 

United States. It is estimated that in the U.S. today there are hundreds of "traditional" standards 

developing organizations - with the 20 largest SDOs producing 90% of the standards - and 

hundreds more "non-traditional" standards development bodies, such as consortia. This means 

that the level of U.S. participation is quite expansive as the groups themselves are comprised of 

individual committees made up of experts addressing the technical requirements of standards 

within their specific area of expertise. 

At year-end 2006, about 200 of these standards developers were accredited by ANSI; there were 

more than 10,000 American National Standards (ANS). 

In order to maintain ANSI accreditation, standards developers are required to conSistently adhere 

to a set of requirements or procedures known as the "ANSI Essential Requirements," that govern 

the consensus development process. Due process is the key to ensuring that ANSs are developed 

in an environment that is eqUitable, accessible and responsive to the requirements of various 

stakeholders. The open and fair ANS process ensures that all interested and affected parties have 

an opportunity to participate in a standard's development. It also serves and protects the public 

interest since standards developers accredited by ANSI must meet the Institute's requirements 

for openness, balance, consensus and other due process safeguards. 

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That is why American National Standards are usually referred to as "open" standards. In this 


sense, "open" refers to a process used by a recognized body for developing and approving a 


standard. The Institute's definition of openness has many elements but basically refers to a 


collaborative, balanced and consensus-based approval process. The ~ontent of these standards 


may relate to products, processes, services, systems or personnel. 


In its role as the only accreditor of U.S. voluntary consensus standards developing organizations, 


ANSI helps to ensure the integrity of the standards developers that use our ANSI Essential 


Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards. A separate process, 


based on the same principles, determines whether standards meet the necessary criteria to be 


approved as American National Standards. Our process for approval of these standards (currently 


numbering approximately 10(000) is intended to verify that the principles of openness and due 


process have been followed and that a consensus of all interested stakeholder groups has been 


reached. 


The hallmarks of this process include: 


• Consensus must be reached by representatives from materially affected and interested 

parties 

• Standards are required to undergo public reviews when any member of the public may 

submit comments 

• Comments from the consensus body and public review commenters must be responded 

to in good faith 

• An appeals process is required 

ANSI's use of the terms "open" and "openness" to describe standards is meant to characterize 

documents that have undergone this kind of consensus-based, transparent process. All ANSIaccredited standards developers follow the Essential Requirements which embrace globallyaccepted principles of standardization implemented by well-recognized, international standards 

bodies such as the International Telecommunication Union (rrU), International Organization for 

Standardization (ISO), and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). 

The terms and conditions used in the development of "open standards" should balance the 

interests of those who will implement the standard with the interests and voluntary cooperation 

of those who own intellectual property rights that are essential to the standard. Such terms and 

conditions should readily promote, and not unreasonably burden, accessibility to the standard for 

the communities of interested implementers. To achieve such balance, the payment of 

reasonable license fees and/or other reasonable and nondiscriminatory license terms may be 

required by the intellectual property rights holders. 

This balance of licensing rights (rather than waiver thereof) is consistent with an open standard. 

The word "open" does not imply "free" from monetary compensation or other reasonable and 

nondiscriminatory license terms. Further, an open standard may involve the payment of a fee to 

obtain a copy of the standard. Such fees are sometimes used to offset the costs associated with 

managing open standards development process. 

The ANSI process serves all standardization efforts in the United States by providing and 

promoting a process that withstands scrutiny, while protecting the rights and interests of every 

participant. In essence, ANSI standards quicken the market acceptance of products while making 

clear how to improve the safety of those products for the protection of consumers. 

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International Standardization 

ANSI promotes the use of u.s. standards internationally, advocates u.S. policy and technical 

pOSitions in international and regional standards organizations, and encourages the adoption of 

international standards as national standards where they meet the needs of the user community. 

The Institute is the sole U.S. representative and dues-paying member of the two major nontreaty international standards organizations, the International Organization for Standardization 

(ISO), and, via the U.S. National Committee (USNC), the International Electrotechnical 

Commission (IEC). As a founding member of the ISO, ANSI plays a strong leadership role in its 

governing body while u.s. participation, via the USNC, is equally strong in the IEC. 

Through ANSI, the u.s. has immediate access to the ISO and IEC standards development 

processes. ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of both the ISO and the IEC, 

and administers many key committees and subgroups. Part of its responsibilities as the U.S. 

member body to the ISO include accrediting U.S. Technical Advisory Groups (U.S. TAGs), whose 

primary purpose is to develop and transmit, via ANSI, U.S. pOSitions on activities and ballots of 

the international Technical Committee. U.S. pOSitions for the IEC are endorsed and closely 

monitored by the USNC Technical Management Committee (TMC). 

In many instances, U.S. standards are taken forward to ISO and IEC, through ANSI or the USNC, 

where they are adopted in whole or in part as international standards. For this reason, ANSI 

plays an important part in creating international standards that support the worldwide sale of 

products, which prevent regions from using local standards to favor local industries. Since 

volunteers from industry and government, not ANSI staff, carry out the work of the international 

technical committees, the success of these efforts often is dependent upon the willingness of U.s. 

industry and government to commit the resources required to ensure strong U.S. technical 

partiCipation in the international standards process. 

Conformity Assessment 

Conformity Assessment, the term used to describe ,steps taken by both manufacturers and 

independent third parties to determine fulfillment of standards requirements, also remains a high 

priority for the Institute. ANSI's program for accrediting third-party product certification have 

experienced significant growth in recent years, and the Institute continues its efforts to obtain 

worldwide acceptance of accredited certifications performed in the U.S. 

One of the best indicators of the strength of the U.S. system is the government's extensive 

reliance on, and use of, private sector voluntary standards. Pursuant to OMB Circular A119, 

federal government agencies are required to use voluntary standards for regulatory and 

procurement purposes when appropriate. State and local governments and agencies have 

formally adopted thousands of voluntary standards produced by ANSI, and the process appears 

to be accelerating. 

In summary, ANSI continues to be fully involved in its support of the goals of U.S. and global 

standardization and remains committed to enhancing of the quality of life for all global citizens. 

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www.ANSIZ97.com 
EXHIBIT C 

Comparison Chart of CPSC 16 CFR 1201 and ANSI Z97.1 

Item CPSC 16CFR 1201 ANSI Z97.1-2009 Comments 

1-Number of Samples 

Impact Tested 

No direction 4.4: Four (4) samples required 

for testing 

CPSC does not specify the number of samples required for 

testing and this has allowed some to test only 1 sample. 

ANSI's requirement for 4 samples is a statistically more 

viable number and adds to the credibility of the test. 

2-Categories and Classes 1201.4(c)(2) and (d)(1): test 

largest size manufactured 

up to max of 34X76-inch. 

Category I impacted at 18­

inches. Category 1\ 

impacted at 48 inches. 

4.3, 5.1.2.1: Unlimited Size (U) = 

test of 34X76-inch. Limited Size 

(L) = largest size produced < 

34X76-inch. 

Class A =48-inch impact 

Class 8 =18-inch impact 

CPSC establishes a relationship between size and impact 

distance. With the U and L and A, 8, C designators in ANSI 

Z97.1, this size impact distance is detailed and 

communicated more clearly, thus reducing the possibility of 

testing or market confusion. 

Class C =12-inch impact (apply 

to wired glass with restrictions, 

see section 1.3.2 and 1.3.6) 

3-Center Punch 

Fragmentation Test 

No direction 5.2: All Tempered samples that 

do not break in the impactor test 

are required to be center punch 

tested. 

The ANSI test brings all samples to failure, allowing for more 

complete evaluation of break characteristics. This additional 

test will screen out some products that might pass CPSC 

but would be fail an ANSI test. 

4-8ent Glass Testing No direction 4.4: Direction provided for test Direction provided in the ANSI standard 1) delineates that 

bent glass is different than flat and must be tested 

separately and 2) will result in a standardized test for better 

evaluation 

evaluation. 

of the product. This will improve product 

--­

5-Laminated glass 

evaluation after impact 

1201.4(e)(1)(i): Horizontally 5.1.4(1): Vertically Samples are tested vertically and normally would be 

installed vertically in the market place. The act of moving the 

sample to a horizontal position as required by CPSC can 

damage or alter the sample and creates less of an 

approximation of market place conditions. 

6-Weathering 

requirements for 

Laminated Glass 

No direction Table 1, 4.6: Weathering tests 

are required for laminated glass. 

8y ANSI testing and evaluating laminated glass for 

weathering, product long term performance and retention of 

safety characteristic are better able to be evaluated. 

-1­
-- -- -

7 -Details for weathering 1201.4(b)(3)(ii) and (d)(2) 5.4 Reference to weathering The references made in CPSC have not been maintained, 

and aging testing Reference to environmental tests reference obsolete equipment and standards, and are 

(environmental durability) durability test equipment 

and procedures 

limited in applicability. By contrast, the ANSI standard has 

been regularly updated and maintained to reflect current 

industry practices creating a more appropriate and 

comprehensive product evaluation. 

a-Specific exclusion for 

non-safety products 

1201.1(a) applies the 

standard only to glazing 

materials in certain uses; 

1201(c) exempts wired 

glass & certain other 

products from Part 1201. 

1.3.6 provided that 

monolithic glass 

including wired glass 

considered safety 

materials. 

certain 

products 

are not 

glazing 

ANSI has identified certain products that might comply with 

testing procedures but are known not to be safety glazing 

materials. This provides a supplemental assurance of safe 

products represented by ANSI testing. 

9-Guidance, direction, Limited direction Increased direction Throughout the ANSI standard, by virtue of regular 

clarity, tolerances maintenance and review, guidance and clarity is 

incorporated that provides increased direction to test 

operators thus resulting in a more consistent and 

standardized evaluation of products over CPSC. '-­

Version 6-26-12 

-2­