@c$&+'$$& 2lFf H. L. Mitchell, Director 
THE SOUTHERN FOREST SURVEY 

The Southern Forest Survey, an activity of the Southern 

Forest Experiment Station, covers the seven States of the 

St at ion ' s t e r r i to r y--Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, 

Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas. This Survey is a part of the nation-wide Forest Survey authorized 

by the McSweeney-McNary Forest Research Act of 1928. 

Its five-fold purpose is (1) to take inventory of the supply 

of standing timber and other forest products; (2) to ascertain the rate at which this supply is being increased through 

growth; (3) to determine the rate at which this supply is 

being diminished through use, and by fire, insects, disease, and other destructive agencies; (4) to estimate the 

present requirements and the p~obable future trend in the 

requirements for timber and other forest products; and 

(5) to correlate these findings with existing and anticipated 

economic conditions, in order that policies may be formulated for the effective use of lands suitable for forest production. 

The present Forest Survey of Arkansas is the second to be 

made in two-thirds of the Stake, and the first in the Ozark 

region. The initial Survey, other than in the Ozarks, was 

made between 1934 and 1936. Pn its 1945 national Reappraisal of theforest situation, the Forest Service alsogave 

statewide estimates of forest area, timber volume, growth, 

and drain. Because of differences in standards and procedures, however, the estimates of the Reappraisal are not 

directly comparable with results of the Forest Survey. 

The Forest Survey was made in cooperation with the Arkansas State Forestry and Parks Commission. 
CONTENTS 

Page 

The forest resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Almost three-fifths of the State in forest . . . . . . . . . . Hardwood types most extensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two-thirds of stands below saw-timber size . . . . . . . . Half of the forest well stocked . , . . . . . . . . . , . . Growing stock volume nearly 10 billion cubic feet . . . . . . Saw-timbes volume 37 billion board feet . . . . . . . . . . Large trees of good quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual net growth, 549 million cubic feet; saw-timber growth 

almost 2. 2 billion board. feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total 1948 drain, 41 1 million cubic feet; saw-timber drain 

just over 2 billion board feet . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 

The changing forest resource . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . 9 

Southwest provides contrasts in forest practices . . . . . . . 10 

Ouachita hardwoods increase . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 11 

Delta forests shrink . , . . . . . . . , , . . . . , . . . . 12 

Accuracy of the Survey . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 

Summary tables: 

1. Forest-land area by Survey region, 1948-51 . . . . . . . . 1 

2. Saw-timber volume by softwood tree grade, hardwood log 

grade, and. tree diameter, 1948-51. . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

3. Changes in forest-type acreage in Southwest region, 1936 

to 1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

4. Changes in forest-type acreage in Guachita region, 1936 

to 1951 . . . . , . . . . , . . , . . . , . . , . . . 11 

Detailed tables: 

5. Forest and nonforest land area by Survey region, 1948-51 . 6. Forest land by class of ownership, 1948-51 , , . . . . . 7. Land area and commercial forest area by county, 1948-51. 

8. Commercial forest land by stand size and forest type, by 

Survey region, 1948-51 ... ........,.. 

9. Commercial forest land by degree of tree stocking and 

forest type, by Survey region, 1948-51 . . . , . . . . 10. Area of saw-timber stands by stand quality and forest type, 

by Survey region, 1948-51 . . . , . . , . . . . , . . 11. Basal area per acre of growing stock and cull trees by 

forest-type group and Survey region, 1948-51. . . . , . 12. Total volume by class of timber and species, by Survey 

region, 1948-51 . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 
CONTENTS (Cont'd. ) 

Page 

13. Total volume by class of timber and species, by Survey 

region, 1948-51. ................... 22 

14. Growing stock by species and Survey region, 1948-51. ... 23 

15. Distribution of grow'ng stock by species within each 

forest type, 1948-51 ................. 24 

16. Growing stock by species and stand size, by Survey region, 

1948-51.. ..................... 25 

17. Average volume per acre of growing stock by forest type and 

Survey region, 1948-51 ................ 26 

18. Average wIume per acre of growing stock by stand size and 

forest type, 1948-51. ................. 26 

19. Saw-timber volume by species and tree diameter, by Survey 

region, 1948-51. ................ 27 

20. Saw-timber volume by species and stand size, by Survey 

region, 1948-51. ............... 28 

21. Saw-timber volume by species and Survey region, 1948-51 . 29 

22. Average saw-timber volume per acre by forest type and 

Survey region, 1948-51 ................ 30 

23. Average saw-timber volume per acre by stand size and 

forest type, 1948-51. ................. 30 

24. Softwood saw-timber volume by tree grade and stand quality, 

by species group and Survey region, 1948-51. . 31 

25. Hardwood saw-timber volume by log grade and stand-quality, 

by species group and Survey region, 1948-51. .. 32 

26. Net annual growth of saw timber and growing stock by species 

and class of timber, by Survey region, 1948-51 . 33 

27. Net annual growth per acre of saw timber and growing stock, 

by forest-type and stand-size group, by Survey region, 

1948-51.. ..................... 34 

28. Commodity drain on saw timber and growing stock in 

species groups, by commodity and Survey region, 1948. . 35 

29. Commodity drain of saw timber and total growlng stock by 

species, 1948. ................... 36 

30. Commodity drain on saw timber and growing stock, by 

specles group and class of timber by Survey region, 1948. 36 

Definitions of terms. .................. 37 

Standard Forest Survey tables ................. 43 
FOREST STATISTICS FOR ARKANSAS 

This report summarizes the data on forest land area, timber 

volume, growth, and drainll collected by the Southern Forest Survey 

in Arkansas in 1947 -1 951.2/ The State, with the exception of the Ozark 

survey region (fig. l), was previously s u r v e ye d during the period 

3 / 1934-1 936.- Comparisons between the findings of the two surveys are 

presented on pages 9 to 12. 

A comprehensive analysis of Arkansas' forest resources and 

timber industries will be published later. 

The Forest Resource 

Almost three -fifths of the State in forest 

Arkansas has a land area of 33.7 million acres. Fifty-seven 

percent, or 19.4 million acres, is in forest. Virtually all the forest 

land is capable of producing commercial timber, and less than 20, 000 

acres is withdrawn from this use. 

Table 1. --Forest-land area by Survey 

The proportion of region, 1948-51 

- 

0 u a c hi t a Mountains, too Delta 3,497.7 3 7 

rough in many sections for State 19, 364.3 57 

forested land varies from 

1/ Technical terms used in this report are defined on pages 37-42. - 

- 21 Forest statistics for the Ozarkand Southwest Arkansas regions are 

also available in Forest Survey Releases 57 and 65 respectively. 

L/ Survey dates by region were: Southwest, 1936 and 1949; Ouachita, 

1936 and 1951; Delta, 1935 and 1950; Ozarks, 1948. 

37 to 71 percent among the Survey Survey regions (table I), It region is highest in the rolling 

Southwest, which has large Thousand Percent 

a r e a s of low agricultural - acres 

productivity. Widespread 

clearing of the rich alluvium Southwest 6, 339.2 71 

of the Delta has left this re- Ouachita 3, 392. 9 70 

gion the least forested. The Ozark 6, 134.5 58 

Forest 

land 

Proportion 

of total land 

forested 
Flgure I- Forest Survey regions in Arkansas 
agriculture, remain 70 percent forested. The Ozarks, with both rugged 

mountains and fertile plateaus, are 58 percent forest land. 

Eighty-five percent of the commercial forest land in Arkansas 

is held by private owners. Federal and county governments own almost 

all the remainder. State ownership is negligible. 

Hardwood types most extensive 

Three-fifths of the forest acreage is in hardwood t3~es (fig. 2). 

Bottomland hardwoods and cypress prevail in the Delta and extend along 

the rivers of the Southwe st, The Ozarlc forests run lleavily to upland 

oak, hickory, and gum. Softwood types predominate in the Southwest 

and Ouachita regions, Shortleaf and loblolly pines are the principal 

softwood species, with shortleaf pine predominant in the Ouachita and 

Ozark Mountains, 

Two -thirds of stands below saw -timber size 

Pole-timber stands cover almost one-half the forest acreage of 

the State (fig. 3). Smaller stand sizes occupy an additional 17 percent 

of the total forest area. Only one-third is in stands of saw-timber size-- 

i, e., containing 1, 500 board feet or more per acre. The disproportion - - 

of small trees is especially prevalent in the Ozarks and in the upland 

hardwood types throughout the State. Over one-half the loblolly-shortleaf type, however, is in saw-timber stands and nearly one -half the 

bottomland hardwoods. The Southwest region has 49 percent of its forest area in saw timber, and the Delta 43 percent. Only 30 percent of 

the Ouachita Mountain forests are in saw timber, while the Ozarks trail 

with 17 percent, 

Half the fore st well stocked 

. ~ 

Fifty-two percent (fig, 4) of the forest area is well stocked, in 

the sense that it contains at least 70 percent of the number of good trees 

(including well-established seedlings) required for full stocking. Thirtyeight percent of the forest is medium stocked--40 to 69 percent of full 

stocking. Nine percent is poorly (10 to 39 percent) stocked. Only 1 

percent is nonstocked. Stocking is best in the Ouachltas and Southwest, 

poorest in the Ozarks. 

, . , . 

Of the major forest types, the loblolly-shortleaf pine type is the 

best stocked, upland hardwoods the poorest. In all forest types, fully 

effective utilization of the growing space is hampered by the presence 

of large numbers of cull trees, principally hardwoods Almost one- 
/ LOBLOLLY-SHORTLEAF PINE-HARDWOOD 

UPLAND HARDWOOD 

BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD 

( NONTYPED; LESS THAN 10% FOREST 

Figure 2. --Generalized forest types in Arkansas. 
Lorpe 

Saw tlmber 

Srnoll 

sow tlrnbC, 

PO10 tlrnh' 

Seedling 

a sop~lng 

Nanrtoibd 

o 1,000 2,000 3.m 4,000 spoo 6,000 

ThouIOnd Acres 

Figure 3. --Forest area by stand size and forest type group, 1948-51. 

fourth of the total basal area (wh?ch includes all good trees 2 inches 

d.b.h. and larger and cull trees 5 inches d.b.h. and l a r g e r ) i s in culls. 

The Ozark region, which has the highest proportion of upland hardwoods 

and is poorest from the standpoint of stocking, also has the highest proportion of basal area in cull trees--one-third. Similarly, the better 

stocking and higher proportion of pine in the Ouachitas is reflected in 

the lower proportion--15 percent--of basal area in cull trees. 

Growina stock volume nearl~l0 billion cubic feet -- -- 

The volume of growing stock 

is 9.8 'aillion cubic feet, an average 

of 507 cubic feet or 7 cords per acre. 

Hardwoods total 5. 7 billion, s oft - 

woods 4,l billion c~bic feet (fig. 5). 

,"illion 

C". Ft. 

Figure 4. --Degree of stocking Figure 5. --Crowing stoclc by 

by Survey region, 1948 -51. Survey region, 1948-51. 
Hardwoods make up 92 percent 

of the total volume in the Delta, 

83 percent in the Ozarks, 44 

percent in the Southwest, and 

35 percent in the Ouachita 

Mountains. Three -fourths of 

the pine volume and 56 percent 

of the hardwood volume is in 

saw-timber trees (fig. 6). In 

addition to the growing-a t o c k 

volume there is 3.0 billion cubic feet of sound wood in cull 

trees and 2.0 billion cubic feet 

in the tops and limbs of sawtimber size hardwoods. 

Saw-timber volume 37 billion 

board feet - 

Arkansas' forests contain 36. 8 billion board feet of 

saw timber, ha1 f of it in the 

Southwest region (fig. 7). 

Twenty billion board feet, or a 

little more than 1 /2 of the sawtimber volume, is hardwood, 

Saw -timber volume per 

acre averages about 1,900board 

feet in the State. The Southwest 

region averages almost 2, 900 

board feet, the Delta n e a r 1 y 

2, 100, the Ouachita more than 

1, 700, and the Ozark less thal 

900. Softwood t y p e s average 

nearly 2, 600 bead feet to the 

acre, bottomland hardwood 

o v e r 2, 300, upland hardwood 

nearly 900, and upland ha r d - 

wood-pine almost I, 100. Red 

and white oaks together make 

up 54 percent of the hardwood 

volume (fig. 8); sweetgum, 

black, and tupelo gum 19 percent; hickories 6 percent; and 

Figure 6. --Growing stock volume in 

pole -timber and saw -timber trees, 

1948-51. 

Figure 7. --Saw-timber volume by 

Survey region, 1948-51. 

other Softrwd 

other nordrood 

Figure 8. --Saw -timbe r volume by 

species, 1948-51. 
other hardwoods 21 percent. Shortleaf pine accounts for 53 percent of 

the softwood volume, loblolly pine for 43 percent, cypress and cedar 

together for 4 percent. 

Large trees of good quality 

Trees 20 inches d. b. h. and larger make up about one-quarter of 

the total hardwood saw-timber volume; about 55 percent is in trees 14 to 

18 inches d. b. h. ; and only one-fifth is in 12-inch trees (table 2). Of the 

softwood saw-timber volume, three-fifths is in trees 14 inches d. b. h. 

and larger (about one-tenth is in 20-inch and larger trees), and two-fifths 

is in 10- and 12-inch trees. 

Table 2. --Saw-timber volume by softwood tree grade, hardwood log 

grade, and tree diameter, 1948-51 

Softwood: 

10 to 12 7, 184. 7 640. 0 1,498.4 5, 046. 3 

14 to 18 7,799. 1 1, 948. 9 2,470. 2 3, 380. 0 

20 and up 1, 791. 6 700. 0 503. 1 588. 5 

Total 16, 775.4 3, 288. 9 4,471.7 9, 014. 8 

Hardwood: 

12 4, 042. 8 ... 2. 3 4, 040. 5 

14 to 18 10, 726. 0 52. 3 1, 872. 7 8, 801. 0 

20 and up 5, 254.4 1,435. 7 1, 896. 7 1, 922. 0 

20, 023. 2 1, 488. 0 3, 771. 7 14, 763. 5 

Species group 

and d. b. h. 

class (inches) 

All classes 36, 798. 6 4, 776. 9 8, 243.4 23, 778. 3 

- - - - - - Million board feet - - - - - - 

Grade 2 

Quality is closely related to tree size. In hardwood trees 20 

inches d. b. h. and larger, more than three-fifths of the volume is in 

grades 1 and 2--that is, logs that yield, on the average, at least 65 and 

40 percent respectively of their net volume in No. 1 Common andbetter 

grades of lumber. In 14- to 18-inch t r e e s l e s s thanone-fifth of the volume is of grade 1 or 2 quality. The 12-inch class is entirely grade 3, 

which yields, on the average, less than 40 percent No. 1 Common and 

Grade 3 A 11 

grades Grade 1 
better. A breakdown of grade-3 hardwood material according to its 

suitability for factory lumber or ties and construction lumber is given 

in table 25. 

In softwood saw-timber trees 20 inches and larger, 67 percent 

of the volume is in grade 1 and 2 trees. (Grade 1 and 2 softwood trees 

have at least 12 feet oi clear bole and 25 percent of the merchantable 

length clear of limbs and knots in sections not less than 8 feet in length.) 

In 14- to 18-inch trees, 57 percent of the volume is in grade 1 and 2 

trees. In the 10- to 12-inch group, only 30 percent of the volume is in 

these two grades. 

One -third of all grade -3 material is in fair or better stands -- 

that is, stands with at least four grade-2 hardwood logs or softwood 

trees per acre. 

Stands of fair or better quality make up less than half the sawtimber acreage. 

Annual net growth, 549 million cubic feet; saw-timber growth almost 

2. 2 billion board feet 

Current net annual growth is estimated at 549 million cubic feet 

for growing stock, and 2, 181 million board feet for saw timber alone 

(table 26). Statewide, slightly more than one-half of the saw-timber 

growth is on softwoods. In terms of all growing stock, however, softwood growth does not quite equal hardwood growth. Softwood growth is 

concentrated on trees of saw-timber size, while more than two-fifths of 

the hardwood growth is on pole-timber trees. 

Net annual growth per acre of growing stock averages 28 cubic 

feet, ranging from 14 in the Ozarks to 44 in the Southwest. The net 

annual growth of saw timber averages 113 board feet per acre. In stands 

of saw-timber size, growth averages 282 board feet per acre in softwood types and 165 board feet per acre in hardwood types. 

Total 1948 drain, 41 1 million cubic feet; saw-timber drain just over 2 

billion board feet 

In 1948, cutting for industrial and domestic use removed an es - 

timated 411 million cubic feet from the growing stock. Of this, sawlogs 

made up 63 percent; fuel wood 13 percent; pulpwood 10 percent; other 

products 14 percent (fig. 9). Softwoods comprised 57 percent of the total 

drain. Sawlogs and pulpwood accounted for 92 percent of the softwood 
drain, but for less than one-half of the hardwood drain. One-quarter of 

the hardwood drain resulted from fuel-wood cutting. Arkansas' timber 

stands also supplied considerable amounts of veneer logs, tight cooperage, handle stock, and pine poles and piling. 

Sowlog3 

Fuel wood 

Pvlprood 

veneer lops 

PO',. 

coapsroge bolts 

Other 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Mlll,an Cubic Feet 

softuwd 

PJ 8 s, 

Figure 9. --Drain on growing stock, by commodity, 1948. 

The volume of saw timber cut was 2, 055 million board feet, 

divided almost equally between hardwood and softwood. Saw-timber 

drain by commodity was similar to that of the total drain, except that 

sawlogsaccounted for 71 percent of the saw-timber drain and pulpwood 

but 3 percent. 

Arkansas' primary forest industries include some 1,700 sawmills, 2 pulp mills, and 162 non-lumber establishments manufacturing 

handles, cooperage stock, miscellaneous dimension, veneer, and excelsior. In addition, six plants treat wood products with preservatives 

and one processes chemical wood. While most of the sawmills are 

small, nearly 100 produced at least 3 million board feet apiece in 1948. 

There is considerable use of wood for fuel, fence posts, and miscellaneous farm timbers. 

The Changing Forest Resource 

The forests of the Southwest, Ouachita, and Delta survey re - 

gions, which include more than two-thirds of the forest land in Arkansas, 

were surveyed in 1934-36 and again in 1949-51. 
During the period between surveys, small increases in forest 

acreage in the uplands were overbalanced by extensive land clearing in 

the bottomlands. Upland hardwood and pine -hardwood types spread at 

the expense of pine forest, The loggers' preference for pine reduced 

the softwood volume, while upland hardwood volume gained. In the bottomlands, where hardwood species prevail, timber volume declines were 

in general accord with forest acreage reductions due to land clearing. 

Throughout the resurveyed area the proportion of small trees in the 

stands increased. 

Southwe st provides contrasts in forest practices 

The Southwest region contains one of the few large areas in the 

nation where there has been a sizeable gain in pine volume since the 

middle 1930's. In the seven-county area east of the Ouachita River, pine 

saw-timber volume has increased by one-third. In terms of total pine 

growing stock the increase has been 17 percent. Nearly all this forest 

acreage is privately owned: it is estimated that almost half is held by 

large lumber and pulp companies who employ professional foresters to 

manage their land. 

These large volume galns, resulting from conservative timber 

harvesting, hardwood control, and fire protection, have not been duplicated in the remaining thirteen counties of the Southwest region, where 

the bulk of the forest is on farms or in other small tracts. While some 

owners are improving the productivity of their holdings, the cut in many 

stands has exceeded growth, and pine volume has dropped about onefourth. 

The improvement east of the Ouachita River, while striking, has 

not been able to reverse trends in the Southwest region as a whole. Region-wide, softwood (mainly pine) decreased in extent and quantity while 

hardwood increased. Between the 1936 and 1949 surveys the acreage 

classed as pine forest decreased 9 percent, but pine-hardwood acreage 

increased 20 percent and upland hardwood acreage rose 35 percent 

(table 3). 

Table 3. --Changes in forest-type acreage in Southwest region, 1936-49 

Fore st type 1 1936 1 1949 I Change 

Thousand acres Percent 

Loblolly -shortleaf pine 2,100.1 1, 903.8 - 9 

Loblolly - shortleaf pine -hardwood 1,708.8 2, 052.6 +20 

Bottomland hardwood 1, 358.5 1, 300.7 - 4 

Upland hardwood types 803.6 1,082.1 - +35 

Total commercial forest 5,971.0 6,339.2 + 6 
Pine growing-stock volume dropped 8 p e r c en t while 

hardwood increased4 p e r cent 

(fig. 10). Heavy increases in 

small trees brought a b out the 

change in hardwood volume. In 

saw-timber size growing stock, 

softwood and hardwood both declined--4 percent and 1 percent 

respectively. Forest acreage 

increased 6 percent, mainly because of farm landabandonment. 

Ouachita hardwoods increase 

Figure 10. --Changes in growing - 

In the Ouachita region, stoclc volume ili Southwest region, 

forest acreage increased 3 per- 1936 t~ 1949. 

cent between 1936 and 1951. 

During this period the area in the pine type dropped 16 percent (table 4). 

Many acres previously in pine are now of the mixed pine -hardwood type, 

which increased 40 percent. 

Table 4. --Changes in forest-type acreage inOuachita region, 1936 to 1951 

Forest type 1 1936 ( 1951 I Chahge 

Thousand acres Percent 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 1,535.2 1,292.3 -1 6 

Loblolly -shortleaf pine -hardwood 796.6 1,115.2 +40 

Hardwood types 972.3 984.0 - + 1 

Total commercial forest 3,304.1 3,391.5 + 3 

The effects of heavy pine 

cutting and vigorous hardwood 

growth are also apparent in volume changes (ftg. 11). Hardwood growing s to c k increased 

15 percent; softwoods declined4. 

Insaw-timber size growing 

stock, hardwood increased 6 

percent while softwood dropped 

10. For all species combined, 

growing-stock volume was up 2 

percent; saw timber down 6 percent. Larger trees have borne 

the brunt of the cutting for softwood sawlogs. In 1936, sevenPJ 1, s= 

percent 1 !0 S,f,.O,d o,dwood j0 1 

Figure 11. --Changes in growingstock volume in Ouachita region, 

1936 to 1951. 
teen percent of the softwood saw-timber volume was contained in trees 

20 inches in d. b. h. and larger. By 1951 less than 8 percent of the volume was in trees of this size. 

Delta forests shrink 

During the period 1935 to 1950, the forests of the Delta region 

declined 16 percent in growing-stock volume and 22 percent in saw-timber volume. These changes in volume closely paralleled a 19-percent 

decrease in forest land acreage. Land clearing, which was primarily 

responsible for this decline in forest acreage, was concentrated in the 

alluvial bottoms, the bottomland hardwood acreage declining one -fourth. 

While the total timber volume is considerably less than in 1935, 

the stocking has changed but slightly. On a per-acre basis, the volume 

of total growing stock increased 4 percent and saw-timber volume decreased 4 percent. 

Because large trees have been cut most heavily, the proportion 

of smaller trees has risen, In terms of volume, the decline in trees 20 

inches in d.b.h. and larger was almost twice as great as the decline for 

all saw timber. 

Accuracy of the Survey 

The estimates of forest acreage and timber volume are based 

upon a systematic sampling method involving a forest -nonforest clas slfication on aerial photographs and on-the-ground measurement of quarteracre sample plots. In the Delta and Ozark regions, pairs of plots were 

located every 3 miles on lines 3 miies apart; in the Southwest and Ouachita regions the average spacing was 4 miles on lines 3 miles apart. 

Accuracy of the est~mates may be affected by two types of error. 

The first type stems from the use of a sample to estimate the whole and 

from variability of the item being sampled. This type is termed sampling error; it is susceptible to a mathematical evaluation of the probability of error, The second type of error derives from human mistakes 

in measurement, judgment, arithmetic, or recording, and from limitations of method or equipment. Effects of this second type of error-- 

often referred to as reporting and estimating error--cannot be appraised 

mathematically, but the Forest Survey constantly attempts to hold such 

errors to a minimum by proper training and good supervlslon, and by 

emphasis on careful work. 
Statistical analysis of the data, using random-sampling formulas, 

indicates a sampling error of 0.4 percent for the State estimate of total 

forest area, 1.7 percent for total cubic-foot volume, and 2. 1 percent for 

total board-foot volume. However, because a systematic sample is generally more efficient than a random sample of the same size, these estimates of sampling error may be considered as setting an upper limit 

of error, rather than as expressing the actual probability of error. 

As the acreage and volumes for the State are broken down by 

Survey region, county, fore st type, species, and other subdivisions of 

the data, the possibility of error increases and is greatest for the 

smallest items. The order of this increase is suggested in the following tabulation, which shows the sampling error to which the estimates 

may be liable on a probability of two chances out of three. 

sampled 1 sampling / sampled I sampling sampled 1 sampling 

Forest area Cubic volume I Board-foot volume 

Growth estimates are based on radial-growth measurements and 

mortality data taken on the sample plots. No attempt was made to calculate sampling error in these estimates. 

Size of area I Maximum I Volume I Maximum I Volume I Maximum 

error 

Drain estimates are conversions of production estimates. Lumber production was estimated from a survey conducted by the U. S. 

Bureau of Census. For other commodities a canvass of manufacturers 

was conducted by the Forest Service, Commercial log and bolt production, other than for lumber, was obtained by a 100-percent canvass of 

establishments or producers. Production of fuel wood and fence posts, 

and for miscellaneous domestic use of farms, was estimated from an 

area sample. The data on production of each commodity were converted 

to drain upon growing stock by using drain-to-production ratios derived 

from measurements taken on sample cutting areas. The sampling errors 

M acres Percent Million Percent Million Per cent 

cu. ft. bd. ft. 

error error 
to which the State cubic-foot drain estimates are liable, on a probability 

of two chances out of three, are found in the following tabulation. 

Percent error 

Commodity 

Sawlogs 

Veneer logs 

Cooperage bolts 

Pulpwood 

Fuel wood 

Chemical wood 

Poles and piling 

Posts 

Hewn ties 

Round mine timbers 

Misc. logs and bolts 

All commodities 

Sampling error of 

cubic -foot drain 
Table 5. --Forest and nonforest land area by Survey region, 1948-51 

Commercial 19, 341. 8 0,,339..2 3, 391. 3 6, 113. 7 3,497. 4 

Noncommercial: 

Reserved 19. 8 .*. 1.4 18. 1 .3 

I South- I 

Class of land State /I Ouachita west 1 

Unproductive 2. 7 . . . ... 2. 7 ... Total 19. 364. 3 6. 339. 2 3. 392. 9 6. 134. 5 3. 497. 7 

Nonforest 1 - / 14, 379. 7 2, 535. 1 1,433. 3 4, 526. 0 5. 885. 3 

Total, all classes 33, 744. 0 8, 874. 3 4, 826. 2 10, 660. 5 9, 383. 0 

- - - - - - - -Thrrasand acres - - - - - - - - 

Forest: 

Ozark 

1/ Includes some acres of water according to Survey standards of area 

classification but defined by the Bureau of Census as land. 

Delta 

Thousand acres Percent 

Table 6. --Forest land by class of ownership, 1948-51 

Private: 

~arml_/ 5,549. 1 28. 7 

Other 10, 877. 1 56. 2 

Total private 16, 426. 2 84. 9 

Public: 

National forests 2, 292. 2 11. 8 

Soil Conservation Service 70. 1 .4 

Fish and Wildlife Service 107. 0 .6 

Public domain 130.4 .7 

Other federal 213. 5 1. 1 

State 4. 1 (L/ 1 

County 98. 3 .5 

Total public 2, 915. 6 15. 1 

All ownership 19, 341. 8 100.0 

1/ Based on 1945 Census of Agriculture. 

F/ - Negligible. 

Class of ownership Commercial forest 
Table 7.--Land area and commercial forest area by county, 1948-511-1 

Bradley 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Chicof 

Clark 

County 

Clay 

Clehurne 

Cleveland 

Columbia 

conway 

Desha 

Drew 

rau1lmer 

Franklin 

Fvlfon 

All land 

Garland 

Grant 

Greene 

H~mpsfead 

Hot spring 

- Thousand Thousand percent 

- acre* - acres 

Howard 

Independence 

hard 

Jackson 

Jefferron 

Commercial forest 

T- T- percent 

acres - apre3 

Johnson 432.6 234. 7 54. 3 

Lafayetfe 343.7 235. 8 68. 6 

Lawrence 378.9 136. 1 35. 9 

Lee 396.8 157. 2 39. 6 

Lincoln 361.6 165. 1 45.7 

Little River 348. 2 229. 6 65. 9 

Logan 465.3 261. 6 56. 2 

Lonoke 512. 0 179. 9 35. 1 

Madison 532. 5 354. 9 66. 6 

Marion 401.9 273. 1 68. 0 

County 

Miller 

Miraiasippi 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Nevada 

Newton 

Ouachita 

Perry 

Phillips 

Pike 

All land 

poinsett 

Polk 

Pope 

prairie 

Pulaski 

Commercial forest 

Randolph 

St. Francis 

saline 

Scott 

searcy 

Sebastian 

sevier 

Sharp 

stone 

union 

Van Buren 

Washington 

White 

Woodruff 

Yell 

All counties 

I1 

ti County data on raw-timber volvme and growing stock, suitable for combining into county groups, are available as a 

evpp1ement to this release. 
STATE 

Softwood typcc 

Loblolly-mhortlcai pvlc 3. 703. 3 400. 1 I, 613. 2 1.358. 1 284.6 17. 3 

Lobloli*-.hortlcsf pinehardwood 3. 518. 5 299. 1 I. 016. 5 1. 931. 3 248.8 LO. 8 

Table 8.--Commercial forest land by stand size and forest type. by Survey region. 1948-51 

Cedar 

Total 

Forest type 

Hardwood tuoe.: . . Bpttomland hardwood 4. 397. 0 843. 1 1,291.4 1.729.8 462.4 70. 3 

............... ?'hou.and.EIE. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

All 'tand sire. 

Upland hardwood 5, 145. 1 256. 5 562. 1 2. 790. 6 1. 437. 3 98. 6 

Upland hardwood-pme 2. 296. 5 117. I 22 8 1.490. 3 432.9 31. 1 

'rota1 I. 216. 7 2. 075. 3 6. 010. 7 2. 332. 6 203. 3 

All types 19.341. 8 1.915.9 4,7050 9.388.6 3.050.4 281.9 

SOUTHWEST 

Large 

saw 

timber 

soitwoo* *pea: 

Loblolly-nhorfleai pine 1,903.8 244.7 1.010.9 454. 0 160.0 34. 2 

Loblolly-shorfleni pinehardwood 2, 052. 6 222.1 119. 3 913. 6 123.5 14. 1 

Total 466. 8 1. 790. 2 1. 367. 6 283. 5 48. 3 

Hnrdwood types: 

Bottomland hardwood 1, 300. 7 243. I 365. 0 531.7 131.2 29. 1 

Upland hardwood 138. 2 13. 9 31. 1 79.7 6. 8 6. 7 

Upland hardwood-pine 943.9 60. 3 116.0 622.8 118.2 26.6 

Total 2. - 382. 8 317.9 5lLl 1.234.2 256. 2 62.4 

ALI types 6.339. Z 784. 7 2. 302. 3 2. 601. 8 539.7 110.7 

Small 

saw 

timber 

OUACHITA 

Softwood types: 

Loblolly-shortlcaf pvle 1. 292. 3 140. 5 483. 9 596. 8 63. 3 7.8 

Loblolly-shortleai pin.. 

hardwood 1. 086. 9 59. 1 154. 1 179. 6 90. 2 3. 9 

Cedar - 28.3 ... ... 19.9 8. 1 ... Total 199.6 638. 0 1. 396. 3 161.9 11. 7 

Hardwood types: 

Bott~mland hardwood 172.6 36. 0 48. 0 79.3 9. J ... Upland hardwood 265. 0 12.0 11.3 151. 8 67. 5 18.4 

Upland hardwood-pine 546.4 18.4 37. L 379. 0 111.8 ... Total =7=g& 66.4 96. 5 614. 1 188.6 18. 4 

A11 types 3,391. 5 266. 0 734.5 2,010.4 350. 5 30. 1 

OZARK 

Soitwood fypca: 

Loblolly-ahortlcnf phc 468.9 14. 9 98. 4 291. 2 , 59. I 5.3 

Loblolly-.horflcaf pinchardwood 271. 8 15. 7 50. 3 185.6 20. L ... Ccdnr 210.3 ... ... 63. 8 176. 0 lO.-5 

Total 22L2 30, 6 148.7 540. 6 255.3 IS. 8 

Hardwood type*: 

Bottomland hardwood 321. 6 56. 2 76. 7 133. 2 46. 7 8. 8 

Upland hardwood 4, 094. 8 202.5 417.5 2.1007 1.311. L 63. 0 

Upland hardwood-pine - 706.3 38.4 55. 5 414. 6 190. 0 7. 8 

Total - 5. ILL. 7 297. 1 549. 7 2. 648, 5 1, 547. 8 79. 6 

All fypca 6. 111. 7 127, 7 698.1 3. 189. 1 1. 803. 1 95. 1 

DELTA 

Softwood type.: 

Loblolly-ehortlcaf pine 38. 3 ... LO. 0 16. 1 Z. 2 ... Loblolly-shortleaf pin.. 

hardwood 107. 2 2. 2 32. 8 14. 5 14. 9 2. 8 

Cedar 2. 8 ... ... 2. 8 ... ... Total 148.) 2. 2 52. 8 73.4 17. I 2. 8 

Hardwood tmc.: 

Bottomland hardwood 2.602. 1 507. 2 801.7 985.6 275. 2 32. 4 

Upland hardwood 647. I 28. 1 102.2 454.4 51. 9 10. 5 

Upland hardwood-phe 99.9 ... 13. 1 73.9 12.9 ... Total - 535.3 917.0 1. 513.9 340.0 42. 9 

A11 type. 3.497.4 537. 5 969. 8 1. 587. 3 357. 1 45.7 

11 Include. areas not claaaified elsewhere. - 

Pole timber 

Seedling 

.ad 

.=piin. 

Nonstocked 

and other 

areas 11 
STATE 

Softwood Lypea: 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 3. 703. 3 2. 717. 5 788. 1 150. 4 47.3 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood 3.518.5 2. 144.9 I. 212.7 140. 1 20. 8 

Table 9.-Commercial forest land by degree of tree s.ocking and forest type, by Survey region. 1'948-51 

Cedar 

Total 

Foresf type 

Hardwood types: 

Bottomland hardwood 4.397.0 2, 134. 3 1, 825. 7 366.7 70. 3 

Upland hardwood 5. 145. 1 1. 905. 5 2. 261. 8 879. 2 98. 6 

Upland hardwood-phe 2, 296. 5 1. 009. 0 1. 065. 6 187. 5 34. 4 

Total u=?ad 5. 048. 8 5. 153. 1 1.433.4- 203. 3 

Ail types 19,341. 8 9.960.6 7,307. 8 1,791. 5 281. 9 

SOUTHWEST 

Softwood types: 

Loblolly-ehorfleaf pine 1. 903. 8 1.417. 8 381. 2 70. 6 34.2 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood 1.345. 5 640.3 5 '. 7 14. 1 

Total sz 2. 763. 3 1. 021. 5 123. 3 48. 3 

Hardwood types: 

Bottomland hardwood 1,300. 7 484.0 675. 5 112. I 29. 1 

Upland hardwood 138. 2 48. 5 76. 1 6. 9 6. 7 

Upland hardwood-pine - 943.9 377.2 489. 5 50. 6 26.6 

Total 909. 7 1. 241. 1 169.6 62.4 

All types 6, 339. 2 3,673. 0 2. 262. 6 292.9 110.7 

OUACHITA 

Softmod types: 

Lobloliy-8hortleaf pine 1. 292. 3 1. 075. 5 189. 5 19. 5 7. 8 

Loblolly-shortleaf plne-hardwood 1. 086. 9 640.7 406. 3 36. 0 3. 9 

Cedar-hardwood - 28. 3 7. 7 12.2 8. 4 . . . Total 1. 723. 9 608.0 63. 9 11.7 

-----...-----. Thovsandacres - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

Hardwood types: 

Bottomland hardwood 

Uvland hardwood 

All 

stocking 

Upland hardwood-pme - 546.4 278. 3 229. 9 38. 2 . . . Total 434.2 403.7 127. 7 IS. 4 

All types 3. 391. 5 2. 158. 1 1,011.7 191.6 30. 1 

OZARK 

Poorly 

stocked 

Softwood types: 

Shortleaf pine 

Shortleaf pine-hardwood 

Cedar 

Total 

Nonatoc~ed 

Well 

stocked 

Hardwood type.: 

Bottomland hardwood 

Upland hardwood 

Upland hardwood-pine 

Total 

Medium 

stocked 

All types 

S.,itwood typee: 

Loblolly -shortleaf pine 

Loblolly-shortlcaf pine-hardwood 

Cedar 

Total 

321. 6 120.4 134.9 57. 5 8. 8 

4,094.8 1.453. 5 1,830.9 747.4 63. 0 

- 706.3 297. 2 306.2 95. 1 7. 8 

1. 871. 1 2. 272. 0 900.0 79.6 

6, 113. 7 2, 196. 8 2, 750. 6 1. 070. 9 95. 4 

DELTA 

~ ~ 

Hardwood type.: 

Bottomland hardwood 2. 602. 1 1.443. 6 941.9 184. 2 32. 4 

Upland hardwood 647. 1 333.9 254.4 48. 3 10. 5 

upland hardwood-pine 99.9 56. 3 40. 0 3. 6 . . . Total - 1.833.8 1. 236. 3 236.J 42. 9 

All types 3,497.4 1,932.7 1. 282. 9 236. 1 45. 7 
Table 10.--Area of saw-timber stands by ~tand quality and forest type, by Survey region. 1948-51 

Hardwood type.: 

Bottomland hardwood 

Upland hardwood 

Upland hardwood-pme 

Total 

roreet type 

All types 6. 620. 9 3. 024. 1 3. 596. 8 

SOUTHWEST 

Softwood types, 

~oblolly-shortleaf pine 1. 255. 6 626.0 629.6 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood - 1.001.4 401.9 599.5 

Total 2, 257. 0 1. 027. 9 1. 229. 1 .- Hardwood typea: 

Bottomland hardwood 608.7 246.4 362. 3 

Upland hardwood 45.0 20. 8 24. 2 

Upland hardwood-pine - 176.3 64, 2 112. 1 

Total a - 331.4 498. 6 

All types 3, 087. 0 1,359. 3 1, 727. 7 

OUACHITA 

- . - . - - - - - . - - Thousand acre* - - - - - - - - - 

STATE 

Softwood types: 

Loblolly-ehortleaf pine 2, 013. 3 1. 005. 1 1. 008. 2 

~~bl~ll~-~h~~tl~af pine-hardwood - 1. 315. 6 576. 7 738.9 

Total 3 1. 581. 8 1.747. 1 

All qua1itie.s 

Softwood types: 

~~bl~ll~-~h~~tl~af pine 624.4 309. 6 314. 8 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood - 213. 2 122.8 90. 4 

Total - 837. 6 432.4 405. 2 

Hardwood typea: 

Bottomland hardwood 

Upland hardwood 

Pair or better 

Upland hardwood-pine 

Total 

Poor 

All types 1,000. 5 492.4 508. 1 

OZARK 

Softwood typee: 

Shortleaf pine 113.3 58. 4 54. 9 

shortleaf ~i~~-ha~d~ood - 66. 0 47.6 18.4 

Total a 106. 0 73. 3 

Hardwood types: 

Bottomland hardwood 132.9 68. 8 64. 1 

Upland hardwood 620. 0 322.6 297.4 

Upland hardwood-pine - 93.9 46. 3 47. 6 

Total 3 437.7 409. 1 

All typea 1. 026. 1 543.7 482.4 

DELTA 

Softwood types: 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 20.0 11. 1 8.9 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood - 35. 0 4.4 30. 6 

Total 3 - 15. 5 39. 5 

Hardwood type.: 

Bottomland hardwood 1. 308. 9 565. 2 743.7 

Upland hardwood 

Upland hardwood-pine 

Total 

All types 1. 507.3 628.7 878. 6 
Table 11. --Basal area per acre of growing stock and cull trees by 

forest-type group and Survey region, 1948-51 

Cull trees 

All trees 

Forest-tyoe proup 

- 

Upland hardwood: 

2 and 4 1 / inch trees - 10.9 8. 7 13. 3 11.4 8. 8 

Growing stock 26. 7 34. 1 27. 6 23. 1 37. 6 

Cull trees 

All trees 

- - - - - - - - Squarefeet - - - - - - - 

Softwoods: 

11 2 and 4 inch trees - 15. 1 13. 5 18. 8 12. 7 13. 8 

Growing stock 43. 2 49. 2 40. 9 26. 2 32. 5 

Cull trees - 9.2 9. 1 7. 5 14. 0 8. 7 

All trees 67. 

- 

5 71. 8 67. 2 52. 9 55. 0 

Bottomland hardwood: 

2 and 4 1 / inch trees - 7. 0 6. 0 9.4 6. 7 7.4 

Growing stock 43.9 41. 7 42. 8 41. 5 45. 4 

State 

All types 

11 2 and 4 inch trees - 11.7 11. 1 17. 0 11.4 8. 0 

Growing stock 37. 0 45. 1 37. 8 24. 5 43.2 

Cull trees - 14. 6 12. 8 9.7 18. 4 16. 1 

All trees 63. 3 69. 0 64. 5 54. 3 67. 3 

1/ - Includes only sound, well-formed trees. 

west 

Ouachita Ozark Delta 

SOUTHWEST 

So'twood: 

Loblolly pvl~ 1, 520. 6 1, 510.1 L. 136.0 130. 2 243.9 . . . 10. 5 

Shortleaf pin% 1, 054. 6 1.051.4 691.4 76.4 283.6 ... 3.2 

Other softwooda 10. i 37. 5 29.5 1. 8 4.2 . . . 2. 6 Tofnl TTiKT 

- 2.5990 1,856.9 210.4 531.7 . . . 16. 3 

,,--A ... A. 

TabIr 13.--Total v~1vm~ by c1a.m d timber and apscica. by Survsy 1948.11 

255. 5 135.5 69.3 ... 66. 2 48. 9 71. I 

441. 6 241. f 121.5 ... 120.7 82. 2 117. 2 

110.4 61. 9 21.4 . . . 43.5 13.2 32.3 

94.8 59.4 IS. I . . . 24.3 10. (I IS.< 

66. 0 30. 1 2,. 9 . . . 8.2 13. 1 22.8 

- 149.1 55.3 22. 6 . . . 32.7 14. 5 79. 6 

- L, LL7.7 587.4 291.8 . . . 295. 6 191.9 3lS.l 

2, 216, 2 1. 618. 3 973. 2 14. 1 630.8 191.9 346. 0 

OZARK 

sprcic. 

Shorfled pin= 281.1 267. 2 118.1 15. 5 lL3.3 ... 11.9 

Dthcr .aftwood. - 28.1 19.3 6. I 1. 8 11.4 ... 9.8 

Totill - 310. 2 286. 5 121. 5 37. 1 124. 7 . . . 23.7 

Hardwood: 

Red or*. 995.5 109.1 301. 0 . . . 208.3 200. I 285. 8 

Wblc oak. 895. 0 388. 6 190.7 . . . 197.9 190.4 376. 0 

Hickories 1%. 6 181. Z 66. I . . . 111.8 38. 3 115.1 

Swccfgum 132.7 83. 5 13.4 . . . 30. 1 16. 8 22.4 

Black and Npria guma L81. 6 78. 2 19. 9 ... 18.1 $4. 2 69. 2 

Other hordwooda - 187. 2 119. 5 71. 1 . . . 61. 4 18. 7 299. 0 

Tots1 1.180.3 716, 5 . . . 633.8 178.8 1. 167. 5 

All apccic. 3, 136. 8 1.666.8 871. 0 17.3 718. 5 118. 8 I, 191. 2 

DELTA .<"f.~""d. 

------........--..... Million cubic IFIS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . 

STATE Sdtd? 

Lobloily pine 1. 510. 8 1, 560. 1 I, 170. 1 131.1 255. 7 ... Shorflcaf pine 10. 1 

2.413. 7 1, 389. 6 1.477. 6 184.1 727.5 ... OW? .oih.ada 21. i 199. 0 172. 9 124. 7 LO. 0 28.2 . . . Tot* Z6. L 

- -5 1. 122, 6 2,772.4 138. 8 1.011.4 ... 60.9 

Hardwoo*: 

Red oaks 3.011.1 I, 636. 8 946. 2 . . . 690.6 607.1 

Wbits oak. 766. 9 2,646. 1 1,420. 0 759.5 . . . 660. 5 507.9 

Hi.*ori.. 118.2 

804. 2 476.4 I??. 9 . . . 218. 5 120.2 

5w.cfg"m 207. 6 1.110.1 139. 9 409. 1 . . . 310. B Z08. 2 

Black md tupelo gvn. 162. 0 

589.9 288. 6 198.3 . . . 90. 3 114.7 

Other hardwood. 186. 6 

- 2.489. 1 1.117.4 658.1 . . . 159. 1 108. 5 

Total 961. 2 

- 10.650. 5 5. 679. 1 3, 169. J . . . Z, 109.8 1.966. 9 1.001. I 

Ail ~PFLLFS 11, 834. 0 9. 801.7 5,941 7 338.8 3,521.2 1.966.9 3, 065.4 

. .~. . -. I.OblOll* pine 

Shortled pin. 

Other .off*.ood. 

'rota, 

Growing alack 

19. 6 19. + LO. 0 1.5 7. 9 ... .2 

23.5 23. 5 15.2 2. 0 6. 1 ... ... 

a 

116.4 103. 3 84. 4 13.3 5. 6 ... 13. 1 

- L46. 2 109. 6 16. 8 19. 8 ... 13. 1 

upper atcm. 

and limb. 

TO,., All fvnbcr grow_g 

SlOE* 

~ ~ 

Red .at. 720. 8 108. 8 241. 6 ... 167. 2 160.9 151. 1 

Whits oak. 142. 3 328. 2 202.4 . . . 125. 8 138. 5 75. 6 

Hiskorie. 120, 6 81. 3 31. 5 . . . 51. 8 20. 6 16.7 

Srretgum 190.4 IL6.9 78. 6 . . . 48. 3 11. 1 20.4 

Black and Npelo gum. LZS. 5 67. 2 43. 2 . . . 24. 0 2L 6 11.7 

Other bsrdxood. - 1. 286. 1 680. 9 439.8 ... 211. L 27,. 0 31Z. 1 

Total - 2. 985. 8 1, 695. 1 1. 037. 1 . . . 658. 2 662.7 627. 8 

Cull ticea PO,.. 

timber 

tree8 

S~w-Li~b.~ Lrcca 

Sawlag 

pmtion. 

Upper 

Item. 
Tablel4. --Growing stock by species and Survey region, 1948-51 

Species 

----- - Million cubic feet - - - - - - 

Softwood: 

Loblolly pine 1, 560. 1 1, 510. 1 3G. 6 ... 19. 4 

Shortleaf pine 2, 389. 6 1, 051. 4 1, 047. 5 267. 2 23. 5 

Cypress 155. 3 37. 1 9.7 5. 7 102.8 

Cedar 17. 6 .4 3.1 13. 6 .5 

Total 4, 122. 6 2, 599. 0 1, 090. 9 286. 5 146. 2 

Hardwood: 

Southern red, black 

and scarlet oaks 788.4 290. 9 74. 9 352. 6 70. 0 

Cherrybark, Shumard, 

and northern red oaks 300.4 79. 5 36. 7 121.5 62. 7 

Water oaks 548. 0 212. 8 23. 9 35. 2 276. 1 

White oaks 582. 5 190. 3 115. 8 202. 8 73. 6 

Other white oaks 837. 5 270.7 126.4 185. 8 254. 6 

Sweetgum 739.9 470. 1 59.4 83. 5 126. 9 

Black and tupelo gums 288. 6 113. 1 30. 1 78. 2 67. 2 

Cottonwood 70. 2 4. 1 1. 5 7.7 56. 9 

Willow 115.9 16. 2 2. 8 1.7 95. 2 

Pecan 146. 6 20. 0 2. 6 10. 9 113. 1 

Other hickories 476.4 147. 0 64. 9 181. 2 83. 3 

Elms 271. 5 71. 9 26. 0 41. 1 132. 5 

Maples 57.7 21. 1 3. 8 11.4 21. 4 

Yellow-poplar .9 .2 . . . . . . .7 

Sycamore 48. 1 14. 9 6. 3 9. 0 17. 9 

Ash 126. 1 23. 8 3. 1 17. 3 81. 9 

Beech 19. 6 15. 0 . . . 2.4 2. 2 

Sweetbay and magnolia 8. 0 6. 4 .4 1. 2 . . . Hackberry 106.9 17. 1 2. 0 7.4 80.4 

Other hardwoods 145. 9 31. 0 6. 8 29. 4 78. 7 

Total 5, 679. 1 2, 016. 1 587.4 1, 380. 3 1, 695. 3 

All species 9, 801. 7 4, 615. 1 1, 678. 3 1, 666. 3 1, 841. 5 

State Ouachita 

west 

Ozark Delta 
Table 15. --Distribution of growing stock by species within each forest type, 1948-51 

Softwood: 

Loblolly pine 15. 9 31. 0 26. 7 ... 1.3 ... 4. 1 

Shortleaf pine 24. 4 57.1 26. 8 5. 5 (in ... 7.4 

Cypress 1. 6 ... (c/) ... 6. 3 ... ... Cedar - .2 (11) 1 30. 4 (11) .3 .4 

Total 42. 

= 

1 88. 1 53. 5 35.9 7. 6 .3 11.9 

Hardwood: 

Southern red, black. 

and ~carlet oaks 

Cherrybark, Shumard, 

and northern red oaks 

Water oaks 

White oaks 

Other white oaks 

Species 

Sweetgum 

Black and tupelo gums 

Cottonwood 

Willow 

Pecan 

Other hickories 

Elms 

Maples 

Yellow-poplar 

Sycamore 

All 

types 

Ash 

Beech 

Sweet bay and magnolia 

Hackberry 

Other hardwoods 

Lablollyshortleaf 

pine 

Bottom. 

land 

hardwood 

Upland 

hardwood 

Loblollyshortleaf 

pinehardwood 

Total 

Upland 

hardwoodpine 

Cedar 

All species 

1 I Negligible. - 
Sonwood: 

Loblolly pule 1.560. 1 436.2 888. 6 223. 9 LO. 9 5 

Short1c.f pi"* 2.189. 6 348.6 1.354.7 668. 0 17.9 .4 

Otb~r.o..wood. 172. 9 50.8 76. 8 40. 2 5.1 lZ/l 

Total 831.6 2. 320. L 932.1 31.9 9 

Tsbl~ L6.--Growing stock by SPFCLES and .Lsnd size. by 5-7-7 rcgion. 1918-51 

Hardwood: 

Red oaks 

Whifc an*. 

........... ~. ~. ~~ -~ 

Sweat$um 139. P 156.7 310.0 218. I 14. 6 2 

Black and tupelo gum. 288. 6 81.3 108.6 87. 2 8. I I 

Dfhcr hardroods L. 117.I 319.4 101.1 358. I 33.9 2. 9 

Total 1. 170. 7 i, 971. 1 2. 3ZO. 6 203.9 9.8 

Ail .pccics 9, 801. 1 2.006.f 1, 291. 2 3,2527 231. B 10. 1 

Nonstockrd 

and at 

..... 1" -1 

Softrood: 

Lobiolly pvlr 

shoraeai pin. OlhC. .oftwood. 

Tala, 

................... .Million cubic i.rr -------........--. - . 

STATE 

Spcciea 

Hardrood: 

Red o-kn 583. 2 136. 5 264. L 118.1 4. 5 ... Whits oak. 461. 0 85. 8 196. 2 172. U 1. 8 1. Z 

Hiclroric. 117. 0 31.1 57.9 56. 6 7 .I 

Svactgum 110. L 95. L ZOS. 1 163. 3 6. 4 ... Black snd tvp~la gums 113. I 31.7 49. 5 24.7 1.2 ... othcr hlrdwoads - 211. i 59.4 86. 8 91.0 3.4 1. I 

Total 445.9 859. 8 685.7 22.0 2.7 

Ail .pccir. I, 615. i 1.059.4 2.160. 8 I. 051.6 16.9 3.4 

Polr-timbcr 

Softwood: 

Seedling 

snd 

.'pLinl 

ALL 

.tand 

.ire. 

Loblolll pinr 

Shortlclf pin. 

Other .oftwoo*. 

rota, 

Llrgr 

s-w 

timhcr 

Hardwood: 

Red oak. 135.5 19. 8 30. 8 BL. I 2.4 ... Whit. oaks 2+2.2 29.1 53.0 152.1 7.7 I 

Hicko~ic. 6ri. 9 5. 1 13.5 44.1 1. 9 ... Swscrg~m 59.1 4. 9 21. 6 31. I 1.4 ... Black and Nprio %urns 30. 1 l. 7 9.9 14.9 .6 ... Other h-rdraod. - 55.5 9.4 11.4 27.8 2.7 ... Totrl rn 73.3 144. 2 353. I 16.7 

ALL ~~rcic. 1.678. 1 244. 0 669 6 711.1 23.4 I 

OZARK 

Small 

.sw 

timber 

Softwood: 

Sh~.fl~af pin= 

hh.. .offwood. 

Total 

Hsrdwoad: 

Red a&. 

Whit* as*. 

Hick0ri.s 

Sw~ctgum 

BLrEk an* ,up.,o gum. 

0th.. hardwood. 

Total 

1\11 .pcria. 

267. 2 19. L 102.3 138.1 i. 2 .2 

- 3 

IS. 1 0.6 1, 5 10. I 1. 7 lgl 

- 19. 1 106. 8 148. 9 10.9 .2 

Hardwood: 

Rrd oak. 108. 8 78. 3 160. 7 158.8 10.7 0.3 

Whifc oaks 328, 2 87. 1 lli.7 L22. I) 6. 5 3 

Hickoric. ... 81. 1 11. 2 27. 0 43. 8 I. I 

... Slurofgum 126. 9 37, z ill 37.3 L. 0 

... Bhrk and Nprls sums 67. 2 21, 0 25. 5 20.3 .4 

Other hardwood. 680. 9 222. I 212.1 - 175. I 10.7 3 

Total L.695. 1 618. 8 - 457.7 557.3 30. 6 7 

*li species I, 811. 5 489.4 735.1 183. I 32.0 -9 

1, incLudc. no, cl..s*ird si.cwhei-. c, ,Ircgligiblc. 
Table 17. --Average volume per acre of growing stock by forest type 

and Survey region, 1948-51 

Softwood types: 

Loblolly-shortleaf 

pine 857 1, 051 722 449 755 

Loblolly-shortleaf 

~ine-hardwood 547 666 381 382 356 

South- Forest type Ouachita 

Cedar 

Total 

Hardwood types: 

Bottomland hardwood 562 594 519 477 559 

Upland hardwood 27 2 481 217 245 42 0 

Upland hardwood-pine - 352 433 3 24 247 48 1 

Total 395 

- 5 24 329 260 530 - 

All types 507 728 49 5 273 527 

- - - - - - - - Cubic feet - - - - - - - 

Ozark 

Table 18. --Average volume per acre of growing stock by stand size 

and forest type, 1948-51 

Delta 

Softwood types: 

Loblolly-shortleaf 

pine 857 1, 531 1, 196. 453 5 9 15 

Loblolly-shortleaf 

pine-hardwood 547 1, 223 863 343 7 2 ... 

Cedar - 

97 ... . . . 210 4 8 19 

All softwood types - 683 1. 399 1, 067 3 84 6 1 11 - --------- .-e.-. 

1 

Hardwood types: 

Bottomland hardwood 562 9 07 7 68 3 84 9 5 7 0 

Upland hardwood 272 67 0 59'; 277 8 0 46 

Upland hardwood-pine - 352 781 728 348 8 3 12 

All hardwood types 395 - 84 5 717 3 26 83 48 ~ ~ 

All types 507 1, 047 913 346 78 38 

1/ Includes areas not classified elsewhere. - 

- - - - - - - - -Cubic feet - - - - - - - - - - 

Small 

saw 

timber 

Large 

saw 

timber 

Forest type 

All 

stand 

sizes 

Pole 

timber 

Seedling 

and 

sapling 

Nonstocked 

and other 

areas 1 - / 
Bed 0-k. 6. 027. I 1,252, 2 3,164.0 1. 185. I 421. 8 

White ' 4.778. 2 971. 6 2, 504. 2 882. 0 116. I 

Hickorir. 1,238.2 321. 6 702. 6 145.7 68. 3 

sWrctgum 2, ieo. p 560. 6 1.491. 6 381. I 144.6 

Black and rupclo gums 1. 255. I 180. 2 bB9.3 110.2 75.6 

Ofhcr hardwoods 1. 143. 5 752. 6 2.111.9 795.3 423. 7 

ralnl - 10.021. 

- 

2 4,012. 8 IO.726. 0 1,700.0 1. iil< 

ALL .pcsi.e 36.198. 6 11. 227. 5 18. 525. L 5. 181.7 1,861.3 

Specie. 

. . Sh~.tl~.f pin. 

Ofher saftraod. 

Tot11 

Hl.d.rood: 

Red oar. 

Whit, oaks 

. - - . . - - - - - - - - - . . . . . Milll0" board ir.r . . . . - . . . . . . - . . . . . 

STATE 

Soffrrood: 

Lobidly pbc 7, 194.0 2, 514. 7 3.523. L 918.1 171.1 

Shor8cd ~vlr 8. 827. 5 4,417. 0 3.9ll.S 119. 0 31. 7 

Other .oftwood. - 753.9 193. 0 162. 2 101. 2 91.5 

Tot11 - 16,7IL+ I. 181. 7 7. 199. I 1,484. 7 306.9 

nL, 

diameter 

cll..c. 

SOUTHWEST 

satf*.oa*: 

L.obloliy pvlr 

Shortlasf pins 

Other .oftwoad. 

10 - 12 

inch.. ll 

110. L 412. I 211.9 22. 1 . . . 

- PI. L 25.0 9. 1 . . . . . . 

- 141. 2 437. 1 2BS.O 21. I ... 

FTiCkmrk v 199.6 

Swcrtgurn 101. L 

Bllrk and mprlo gum. 271.7 

OLhcr haidrood. 2. 776. B 

T~tll 

I4 - LB 

inch*. 

ALL #pcrica 7, 212. 2 

I/ H~rdwood ..r-timb.r -,urn. not rallied i" tree. und.r - 

20 - Z4 

inrhs. 

26 1nch.m 

."d up 
STATE 

Table 20.--Saw-timber volume by specica and atand sire, by Suru~y region. 1948-51 

Soilwood: 

Loblolly pine 

Shortleaf mine 

Hardwood: 

Red orka 6.027 1 1. 147. 2 2,187. 6 1.785.7 L97.5 9. 1 

White oaka 4.118. 2 1. 225. 5 I. 5JZ.I i.79L.7 216. 2 12.4 

Hickories 1. 238. 2 288, '3 391. 7 493.9 58. 6 5. 1 

Sueefaum 2. 580. 9 767. 6 1. 181. 1 582. 6 48. 7 .9 

alack and tupelo gums I. 255. 3 +46. 7 415.8 129. 8 32. 6 .I 

Ofhcr hardxloode 4, 143. 5 1, 630. 1 1.615. I 797.7 90.1 9.9 

Taial 20,023.2 - 5. 906.0 7.613. 7 5. iSl.4 644. 3 - 37. 8 

All apccies 16.798, 6 10.473. 2 Li.58O.I 1.967.4, 139.4 IS. 1 

SOUTHWEST 

Hardwood: 

Red orb 

White oaka 

Hickories 

Sueefaum 

alack and tupelo gums 

Ofher hardxlood. 

.................... Million boaid icct ---.............. 

Seedling 

and 

""ling 

Pole timbci 

SOUTHWEST 

Non.iocied 

and other 

..... !I 

Sp~cics 

soitwao*: 

Labially pins 

Shortleaf 01". 

Large 

saw 

timber 

,411 

afand 

.ires 

Hardwood: 

Red onis 

White oaks 

Hickones 

SrFrt%um 

Black and tup.,o gvma 

other hardwood. 

Small 

.aw 

timber 

Hardwood: 

Rld oaia 

While oaks 

Hickories 

Src~tgum 

Black and LVllFLo cum. 

Hickorie. 

sweetgum 

alack and *"pol., gvmr 

0th.~ hardwoods 

Tofri 

Soitwood: 

Lablolly pin. 

Shortlea' pine 

Ofh~r softroad. 

Total 

DELTA 

1.4 13. 0 15.5 ... ... 5 14. 0 16. 0 0.3 ... 

112. 9 287. 6 47. 8 6. 4 ... 174. 8 104, 6 79.3 6. 7 ... 

Hardwood: 

Red oaka 1, 552. 7 398. L 672. 8 433. P 41. 9 2. 6 

White oaks 1. 214. 9 50,. 1 406. 1 137. 3 30.1 ... Hickories 199. 6 48. 5 61. 0 82. 9 1. 2 ... Srcslgum 501. I 2Z2.9 192. 0 81. 9 4.3 ... Black and tupelo gum. 271.7 109.9 94. 1 64. 8 2.9 ... Ofher barduooda - 2, 776. 8 I, 156.0 1. 111. 2 431. 1 41. 5 ... Total Qjj& 2.436.7 2. 570. 2 1.435.3 112.0 2. 6 

All apcciea 7,242. 2 2.611.5 2.974.8 1. 511.6 138. I 2. 6 

q Includss areas not ~l%amlii~d ei8ewhcrc. 
Softwood: 

Loblolly pine 7, 194. 0 6, 985. 4 148.7 . . . 59. 9 

Shortleaf pine 8, 827. 5 4. 133. 7 3, 892.9 710. 1 90. 8 

Cypress 731. 1 180. 1 17. 6 19. 1 514. 3 

Table 21.--Saw-timber volume by apeeiee and Sur~y region. 1948-51 

Cedar 

Total 

Species 

Hardwood: 

Southern red, black 

and scarlet oaks 

Cherrybark. Shumard, 

and northern red oaks 

Water oaks 

White oaks 

Other white oaks 

Sweetgum 

Black and tupelo gums 

Cottonwood 

Willow 

Pecan 

---------- -Million board feet - - - - - - - - - - - 

State 

Other hickories 

Elms 

Maples 

Yellow-poplar 

Sycamore 

Ash 419. 7 75. 8 2. 2 57. 6 284. 1 

Beech 83. 5 63. 0 ... 8. 8 11.7 

Sweetbay and magnolia 18. 4 12. 8 1. 7 3.9 ... Hackberry 433.7 50. 5 6. 0 28. 7 348. 5 

Southwest 

Other hardwoods 354.7 69. 6 12. 7 88. 1 184. 3 

Total 20. 023. 2 6, 938. 5 1, 818. 1 4, 689. 8 6, 576. 8 

All species 36. 798. 6 18, 238. 3 5, 884. 1 5,434.0 7, 242. 2 

Quachita Ozark Delta 
Table 22. --Average saw-timber volume per acre by forest type and 

Survey region, 1948-51 

Softwood types: 

Loblolly-shortleaf pime 3, 324 4, 356 2, 636 1, 116 2, 230 

Loblolly -shortleaf pinehardwood 2, 016 2, 548 1, 307 1, 195 1, 099 

Forest type 

Cedar 225 ... 385 208 143 

All softwood types 2. 594 3,418 2,010 909 1,373 

Hardwood types: 

Bottomland hardwood 2,342 2,474 1, 899 1,967 2,352 

Upland hardwood 893 1,751 772 817 1, 241 

Upland hardwood-pine 1, 061 1,329 940 784 1, 143 

All hardwood types 1,464 1,978 1, 063 885 2, 102 

All types 1, 903 2, 877 1,735 889 2, 071 

------ Board feet - - - - - - - 

State 

Table 23. --Average saw-timber volume per acre by stand size and forest 

type, 1948-51 

west 

- --~. - - - .~ 

Softwood types: 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 3,324 7, 921 4, 875 906 152 8 

Loblolly-shortleaf 

pine-hardwood 2, 016 6, 158 3,423 893 184 . . . Cedar - 225 ... ... 499 106 5 7 

A11 softwood types z,sg4 - 7, 167 4, 314 888 151 13 

Ouachita 

Forest type 

Hardwood types: 

Bottomland hardwood 2, 342 4, 854 3, 246 1, 050 383 3 06 

U~land hardwood 893 3, 586 2.434 693 25 1 151 

- - - - - - - - - -Board feet - - - - - - - - - 

Upland hardwood-pine - 1, 061 3, 838 3, 049 817 214 26 

All hardwood types 1,464 4,489 3, 005 826 27 0 183 

Ozark 

Nonstocked 

and other 

11 areasA 11 

stand 

Small 

saw 

timber 

All types 1, 903 5,466 3,737 849 24 2 136 

11 - Includes areas not classified elsewhere. 

Delta 

Large 

saw 

I-izes timber 

Cord- !ieedling 

and 

sapling 
Table 24. --Softwood saw-timber volume by tree grade and stand quality, 

bs 

Species group: 

Loblolly pine 7, 194. 0 1, 384.4 1,777.3 1, 616. 9 2, 415. 4 

Shortleaf pine 8, 827. 5 1, 566. 8 2, 583. 8 1, 612. 3 3, 064. 6 

Species group 

Other softwoods 753.9 337.7 110. 6 111.7 193.9 

Total 16,775.4 3,288.9 4,471.7 3, 340. 9 5, 673. 9 

Grade 3 

Survey region: 

Southwest 11, 299. 8 2, 232.4 2, 880.4 2, 483. 1 3, 703. 9 

Ouachita 4, 066. 0 741.2 1, 179. 2 621. 9 1, 523. 7 

Ozark 744.2 97.2 276.4 123. 6 247. 0 

Delta 665.4 218. 1 135.7 112.3 199. 3 

Total 16, 775.4 3, 288. 9 4,471. 7 3, 340. 9 5, 673. 9 

and All Grade 1 Grade 2 fair and In poor 

Survey region 

- - - - - - - -Million board feet - - - - - - -~ -grades etter stands stands 
sprcir, group: 

Red oak. 

While oaks 

Hickarica 

swretgum 

Table 25.--Hardwood maw-t~mber volume by log grade and stand quahty, by epecics group and Survey reglor,. 1948.51 

alack and tupelo gums 

Other hardw0.d. 

Total 

Speclea group 

and 

suruey reglo" 

6, 938. 5 438. 7 1,260.8 4,248. 1 1, 550. 6 2, 697.5 990.9 327.8 663. 1 

1. 818. 1 118. 5 323. 6 1. LOO 6 196.8 903. 8 275.4 59. 5 215 9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - .M >ill board fee, . - . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . 

All 

g'sdca 

Grade 

L 

Grade 

2 

Grade 3 A 1 Grade 3 B 

TOW 

in fa~r 

and better 

atand. 

in 

pool 

,,and8 

-10t-1 

I" 'a,= 

and better 

stands 

in 

stands 
Table 26. --Net annual growth of saw timber and growing stock by species and class 

of timber. by Survey region, 1948-51 

STATE 

Saw-timber trees 392.6 227. 0 165. 6 2. 180. 8 1. 168. 4 1. 012.4 

Clas 8 

of 

timber 

. - , --- - 

Pole-timber trees - 156. 2 31. 8 124.4 ... ... ... Total 548. 8 258. 8 290. 0 2, 180. 8 1, 168. 4 1, 012.4 

SOUTHWEST 

Saw-timber trees 212.2 152.9 59. 3 1, 179. 3 811. 0 368. 3 

Pole-timber trees - 63. 6 15. 3 48. 3 ... ... ... Total 2- 

- 168. 2 107.6 1, 179. 3 811.0 368. 3 

- - - Million cubic feet - - - - - -Million board feet - - - 

Growing stock I Saw timber 

OUACHITA 

Saw-timber trees 64. 7 52. 8 11.9 336. 2 263. 1 73.1 

All 

species 

Pole-timber trees - 25. 7 10. 3 15. 4 ... ... ... Total - 90. 4 63. 1 27. 3 336. 2 263. 1 73.1 

OZARK 

Saw-timber trees 46. 2 14. 9 31.3 254. 8 58. 4 196.4 . - 

Pole-timber trees - 37.9 4.4 33.5 ... ... ... Total - 

- 

84. 1 19. 3 64. 8 254. 8 58. 4 196.4 

Softwood 

DELTA 

Saw-timber trees 69. 5 6.4 63. 1 410. 5 35.9 374.6 

Hardwood All 

species 

Pole-timber trees - 29. 0 1. 8 27. 2 ... ... ... Total - 98. 5 8. 2 90. 3 410. 5 35.9 374.6 

Softwood Hardwood 
Table 27. --Net annual growth per acre of saw timber and growing stock, 

by forest-type and stand-size group, by Survey region, 

group I types I I type I type I types I type I type - - - -Cubic feet - - - - - - -- Board feet - - - 

Growing stock 

STATE 

Saw timber 44 5 7 3 1 223 282 165 

Pole timber 24 3 3 20 7 0 93 57 

Saw timber 

Other stand sizes - 9 11 8 - 13 19 11 

Total 28 4 1 2 0 113 169 7 7 

SOUTHWEST 

Saw timber 5 8 65 39 294 327 206 

Pole timber 33 4 0 2 6 99 118 79 

Other stand sizes - 

15 17 12 - 2 1 2 7 16 

Total 44 

- 5 2 2 9 186 229 114 - - 

Stand-size 

3UACHITA 

Saw timber 38 4 0 24 186 197 125 

Pole timber 25 2 9 17 73 84 4 9 

All I /~oftwoodI~arciwmd/ A11 I (Softwoodl~ardwood 

Other stand sizes 

Total 

Saw timber 

Pole timber 

Other stand sizes 

Total 

Saw timber 

Pole timber 

OZARK 

3 1 19 103 

26 13 41 

7 7 - - 10 

22 12 - 4 2 

DELTA 

56 3 3 186 

4 2 26 7 6 

Other stand sizes - 12 (1 1) 12 - 2 1 5 22 

Total 28 4 2 28 117 122 117 

1 / Negligible. - 
snuiag. 

veneer logs 

cooperage bolts 

Pulpwood 

rue, wood 

Chemical woad 

Piling 

Pole. 

P0.f. 

Hem tica 

Round minc timbers 

Mi.ceLleneous product. 

Total 

Table 28.--Commodify drain llii saw timber and growing ~tock in specie. groups, by commodity and Survey region. 1948 

Sawlog. 

veneer log. 

coopirag. bolts 

hipwood 

Fvciwood 

Chemical woo* 

Piling 

Pole. 

PO.,. 

HE- tie. 

Round m.ne timber. 

Mi.ccllan~oua products 

Total 

Commodity 

104. 7 70. 1 

... 4. 9 

... LO. 2 

.i ... 2.9 50. L 

... 1. L 

.I ... 2.2 ... 1 1L.L 

. L 9. 9 

1 ... Ill1 10. 5 

110.7 178.1 

DELTA 

Sawlog. 31. i 6. 1 25. 0 196. 2 31.1 164. B 

Vmeer log. 5. 5 ... 5. 5 35.9 ... 35.9 

Coopera%= boltn 3.9 ... 3.9 25. 5 ... 25. 5 

Pulpwood 2. 1 .8 1.3 4.3 1. 3 3.0 

Fuel wood 21.8 1. 7 LO. i 101.1 7. 8 93.3 

Chcmical wood 5 ... 5 1.5 ... 1, 5 

Piling .2 . Z ... i. I 1. 1 ... Pale. (!I i ILII ... 2 . L ... Posts L. 0 .2 1. 8 8. 1 1~11 8. 1 

H~~ ti.. 1.4 r~ii 1.4 7.9 I" i 7.9 

Round minc timber. ... ... ... ... ... ... Miscellaneous piodvcta - 4.0 (11) 4. 0 - 11. I ... 14. 1 

Total = 72. 5 9. 0 63. 5 395.9 

- 11. 8 154. 1 

....... Mllli.3" cubic feet - - - - - - ....... Million board ice, - - - - - - 

STATE 

aa~iogs zi8.8 175.7 83. I 1,449.8 901. 9 547.9 

Veneer logs 12.3 ... 12.3 81. 6 ... 81. 6 

Cooperage bolts LO. 0 ... 10. 0 65. 6 ... 65. 6 

Pulp.rood 40. 8 38. I 2. 7 66. 6 60. 5 6. 1 

Fucl wood 52. 5 8. I 44.4 243. 9 38. I 205. 8 

Chemical woad 3.1 ... 9.3 10.0 ... 10. 0 

Pilbg 0.7 0. 7 ... 1. 3 3.3 ... Poiea 3.9 3.9 ... 18.9 18. 9 ... Posts LO. 6 4. 0 6. 6 30.2 6 29. 6 

HF- ties 6. 5 .I 6. 1 38.9 1.7 37.2 

Rovnd mine timbers 5 .3 0. 2 0.4 0. 4 ... MisccIlaneou# products - 11.4 2. 2 9. 2 46. 0 10.4 15. 6 

Total 411.3 233. + 177. 9 2.055. 2 1,035.B 1, 019. 4 

SOUTHWEST 

Sawlogn LSZ. 7 109. 1 41.4 846. 9 560. 8 286. 1 

Veneer Logs 4.5 ... 4. 5 30.1 ... 10. 1 

Cooperage bolt. 1.1 ... 1.4 9.4 ... 9.4 

Pulpwood 31.0 29. 6 1.1 10. 1 I?. 0 3. 1 

Furl wpod 12. 1 3. 6 8. 5 56.5 11.3 39. L 

Chemical waod 2.4 ... 2. 4 7.3 ... 7.3 

Piling 5 .5 ... 2. (I 2. 0 ... Polea 2. 5 2. 5 ... 11.9 11.9 ... Posts 2.0 .4 I. 6 7. 2 1 7. 1 

HE- ties 3.3 -4 2. 9 19, 5 1. 5 18. 0 

Ron"* mine timber. ... ... ... ... ... ... Miacrllaneoua products - L. 7 1. 0 1. 7 - 11.7 4.9 6. 8 

Totai 215. 

= 

I 141. 31 67. 8 - 1. 052, 6 645. 5 407. 1 

Growing siock 1 Saw timber 

*I1 

mpccie. Softwood Hardrood All SpCCieI Sofhaod Hardwood 
Table 29. --Commodity drain of saw timber and growing stock by species, 1948 

Species I Grow~ng stock I Saw timber 

I I 

Million cubic feet Million board feet 

Softwood: 

Pines 227.4 1.012. 2 

Other 

Total 

Hardwood: 

Oaks 114. 2 

Sweetgum 29. 1 

Black and tupelo gums 8. 5 

Other 

Total 

All species 411.3 2, 055. 2 

Table 30. --Commodity drain on saw timber and growing stock, by species group 

and class of timber by Survey region, 1948 

Pole-timber trees 67. 3 42. 1 25. 2 ... ... ... Total zic? 233.4 177. 9 2, 055. 2 1, 035. 8 1, 019. 4 

Class 

of 

timber 

SOUTHWEST 

Saw-timber trees 179. 1 119. 3 59. 8 1, 052. 6 645. 5 407. 1 

Pole-timber trees - 36. 0 28. 0 8. 0 ... ... ... Total - 

- 

215. 1 147.3 67. 8 1, 052. 6 645. 5 407. 1 

Saw-timber trees 

Pole-timber trees 

Total 

- - Million cubic feet - - - - - -Million board feet - - - - 

STATE 

Saw-timber trees 344.0 191.3 152.7 2, 055. 2 1, 035. 8 1, 019. 4 

Growing stock 1 Saw timber 

Saw-timber trees 

Pole-timber trees 

Total 

Saw-timber trees 

Pole-timber trees 

Total 

Hardwood 

OUACHITA 

55. 9 44. 1 11. 8 317. 6 

- 12. 7 10. 6 2. 1 ... - 

68. 6 54. 7 13. 9 - 317. 6 

OZARK 

47.4 20. 2 27. 2 289. 1 

- 7.7 2. 2 5. 5 ... - 22.4 32. 7 - 

Softwood 

DELTA 

61. 6 7.7 53.9 395.9 

All 

species 

All 

species Softwood Hardwood 
Definitions of Terms 

Forest Land 

Forest land. Includes: (a) land which is at least 10 percent stocked by 

trees of any size and capable of producing timber or other wood products, 

or of exerting an influence on the climate or on the water regime; 

(b) land from which the trees have been removed to less than 10 percent 

stocking and which has not been developed for other use; (c) afforested 

area; (d) chaparral areas. 

Commercial forest land. Forest land which is (a) producing, or is 

physically capable of producing, usable crops of wood (usually saw timber), (b) economically available now or prospectively, and (c) not withdrawn from timber utilization. 

Noncommercial forest land. Forest land (a) withdrawn from timber 

utilization through statute, ordinance, or administrative order but which 

otherwise qualifies as commercial forest land or (b) incapable of yielding usable wood products (usually saw timber) because of adverse site 

conditions, or physical inaccessibility. 

Species 

Commercial species. Includes species that normally have value for 

commercial timber products; excludes so-called weed or noncommercial 

species such as blackjack oak, scrub post oak, blue beech, sourwood, 

etc. 

Soft\r.oods. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), shortleaf pine (P. echinata), 

baldcypress (Taxodium distichum), and eastern redccdar (Juniperus 

virg iniana). 

Hardwoods. Broadleaved species, of which the most numerous genera 

or species are the oaks (Ouercus spp. ), hickories (Carya spp. ), and 

sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua). 

Class of Timber 

Saw-timber tree. A live tree of commercial species at least 9. 0 inches 

d. b. h. in softwoods and 11. 0 inches d. b. h. in hardwoods, that contains 

at least a 12-foot merchantable butt log--or, if the butt log is a cull, at 
least 50 percent of the gross volume is in merchantable logs. To be 

merchantable, a log must meet the following requirements: 

(a) In softwoods, logs having a minimum 6-inch small-end 

diameter inside bark and at least one-third sound, with 

sweep or crook not exceeding two-thirds the small-end 

diameter. 

(b) In hardwoods, logs having a minimum 8-inch small-end 

diameter inside bark and which meet the specifications 

of a grade 3B or better log. 

Pole-timber tree. A live tree of commercial species between 5. 0 inches 

d. b. h. and saw-timber size, but straight and clear enough to become a 

saw-timber tree in the future. In the South, trees of this size are commonly termed cordwood trees. 

Seedling and sapling trees. Live, well-established seedlings and trees 

of commercial species less than 5. 0 inches in d. b. h., sound and of good 

form. 

Cull tree. A live tree 5. 0 inches or larger in d. b. h., which is unmerchantable for sawlogs now or prospectively because of defect, rot, or 

species. 

Forest Type 

Forest type is based on the dominant and codominant trees of commercial species and good form which govern the stand-size class. 

~oblolly-shortleaf pine. Stands in which loblolly and shortleaf pines 

comprise 75 percent or more of the trees. 

Z,ohlolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood. Stands in which loblolly and shortleaf pines comprise at least 25 percent of the trees, but less than 75 

percent. 

Cedar. Stands in which eastern redcedar comprises at least 25 percent 

of the trees. 

Upland hardwood. Stands in which upland hardwoods comprise 75 percent or more of the trees, and no pine is present. 

Upland hardwood-pine. Stands in which upland hardwoods comprise 75 

percent or more of the trees, and some pine is present. 
Bottomland hardwood. Stands in which bottomland hardwoods and cypress comprise 75 percent or more of the trees. 

Stand-size Class 

Large saw timber. Stands with saw-timber trees having a net volume 

of at least 1, 500 board feet per acre and at least half of this volume in 

softwoods 15. 0 inches d. b. h. and larger, and hardwoods 17. 0 inches 

d. b. h, and larger. 

Small saw timber. Stands which have a net volume of at least 1, 500 

board feet per acre in saw-timber trees, but which do not meet the 

specifications for large saw timber.. 

Pole timber. Stands failing to meet the saw-timber specification but at 

least 10 percent stocked with pole-timber and larger trees (5. 0 inches 

d. b. h. and larger) and with at least half the minimum stocking in poletimber trees. In the South, stands of this class are commonly termed 

cordwood stands. 

Seedling and sapling. Stands not qualifying as either saw-timber or poletimber stands, but having at least 10 percent stocking of trees of commercial species and with at least half the minimum stocking in seedling 

and sapling trees. 

Nonstocked and other areas. Commercial forest land not qualifying as 

saw timber, pole timber, or seedling and sapling stands. 

Tree Stocking 

Stocking is the extent to which growing space is effectively utilized 

by present or potential growing-stock trees of commercial species. 

Stands are considered to be well stocked when the percentage of full 

stocking is 70 or above, medium stocked when the percentage is 40 to 

69, poorly stocked when the percentage is 10 to 39, and nonstocked when 

the percentage is under 10. 

Volume 

Saw-timber volume. Net volume in board feet, International 114-inch 

rule, in merchantable sawlogs in saw-timber trees. 
Total volume. Net volume in cubic feet (inside bark) or standard cords 

(including Lark) of live saw-timber trees, pole-timber trees, and cull 

trees of all species. 

Growing stock. Net volume in sawlog portion of saw-timber 

trees, upper stems of softwood saw-timber trees, and stems 

of pole-timber trees to a minimum diameter of 4 inches 

inside bark. 

Other material. Net volume in upper stems and limbs of 

hardwood saw-timber trees, and stems and limbs of cull 

trees, to a minimum diameter of 4 inches inside bark. 

Basal area 

Basal area. Cross-sectional area, including bark, of trees at breast 

height, measured in square feet. 

Diameter 

D. b. h. (diameter breast high). Tree diameter in inches, outside bark, 

measured at 4-112 feet above ground. 

Diameter class. The 2-inch diameter classes extend from 1. 0 inch 

below to 0. 9 inch above the stated midpoint. Thus, the 12-inch class 

includes trees 11. 0 inches to and including 12. 9 inches d, b. h. 

Growth 

Net annual growth of saw timber. The change during the inventory year 

in net board-foot volume of live saw timber on commercial forest land 

resulting from natural causes exclusive of catastrophic losses. 

Net annual growth of growing stock. The change during the inventory 

year in net cubic-foot volume of the growing stock on commercial forest 

land resulting from natural causes exclusive of catastrophic losses. 

Drain 

Commodity drain on saw timber. The board-foot volume of live sawtimber trees removed from commercial forest land during a specified 

year as timber products and logging waste. 
Commodity drain on growing stock. The cubic-foot volume of live sawtimber and pole-timber trees removed irom commercial forest land 

during a specified year as timber products and logging waste. 

Log and Tree Grade 

Tree grades for softwoods: 

Grade 1 (smootd/ trees). Not less than 20 feet of'clear bole 

and at least 40 percent of the merchantable length clear of 

limbs and knots in sections not less than 8 feet in length. All 

cedar sawlog trees were graded as No. 1. 

Grade 2 (limby trees). Not less than 12 feet of clear bole 

and 25 to 39 percent of the merchantable length clear of 

limbs and knots in sections not less than 8 feet in length. 

Grade 3 (rough trees). Merchantable trees below grade-2 

specifications. 

Loe grades for hardwoods:L/ 

Grade 1. Logs having, in general, five-sixths or more of 

their length on the 3 best faces in clear-cuttings not less 

than 5 feet long; they yield, on the average, at least 65 percent of their volume in No. 1 Common and better grades of 

lumber. 

Grade 2. Logs having, in general, two-thirds or more of 

their length on the 3 best faces in clear-cuttings not less 

than 3 feet long; they yield, on the average, at least 40 percent of their volume in No. 1 Common and better grades of 

lumber. 

- I/ Except as noted for cedar. 

- 2/ For detailed external specifications of log grades used, see Forest 

Service Committee on Interim Hardwood Sawlog Grades, "Interim sawlog grades for southern hardwoods, '' Southern Forest Experiment Station, 9 pp., illus. Rev. 1948. 
Grade 3. 

--A. Logs below grade 2, having one-half or more of - - - 

their length on the 3 best faces in clear-cuttings not less 

than 2 feet long; they yield, on the average, at least 13 

percent of their volume in No. 1 Common and better 

grades of lumber. 

--B. Logs which do not meet the clzar-cutting requirements of 3A or higher grades, but which are sound, reasonably straight, and without large knots or knot clusters; 

they are suitable for ties or low-grade structural timbers. 

Stand Quality 

Fair and better. A stand in which at least four grade-2 or better hardwood logs or softwood trees are present per acre. 

- Poor. A stand in which fewer than four grade-2 or better hardwood 

logs or softwood trees are present per acre. 
Standard Forest Survey Tables 

To insure that Forest Survey statistics for the different 

States and major forest regions of the country are on a comparable 

basis, a plan for nationally standardized terminology, definitions, 

forest categories, and summary tables has been formulated. The 

survey of Arkansas' forests was partly completed before the plan 

was promulgated, and therefore the foregoing tables do not conform 

in every respect to present national standards. 

Chief differences are: (1) the national standards make some 

changes in the forest type categories used in the foregoing tables; 

(2) upper-stem volume of hardwood saw-timber trees is included in 

growing stock under the national standards but excluded from growing 

stock in the foregoing tables; (3) limb volume of both merchantable 

and cull hardwood saw-timber trees is included in a single category 

under the national standards, whereas the hardwood upper stems and 

limbs category in the foregoing tables includes upper-stems and limb 

volumes of merchantable hardwood saw timber but excludes upper 

stems and limbs of hardwood cull trees. 

There follows a set of 10 nationally standard tables in which 

data from the foregoing tables have been adjusted to conform as 

nearly as possible to the national Forest Survey standards. It will 

be noted that estimates of cubic volume for timber inventory, growth, 

and drain are all affected by this adjustment. 
Table I. --Land area, by major classes of land, Arkansas, 1948-51 

- -- 

Class of land I Area 

I 

Thousand acres 

Forest: 

Commercial 19,341. 8 

Noncommercial: 

Reserved from commercial timber use 19.8 

Unproductive for timber use 

Total 

11 Nonforest - 

Total, all classes 33,744. 0 

1/ Includes some acreage of water according to Survey standards of 

;rea classification but defined by the Bureau of Census as land. 

Table 11. --Commercial fore st land area, by ownership and stand- size 

classes, Arkansas, 1948-51 

Other 

Total 

- - 

State ) .~. . .- ... . . . County and muni-) 21 

cipal ) - 102.4 34.4 40. 2 27. 8 

Private 16,426. 2 5, 624. 1 7,913. 1 2, 889. 0 

Seedling 

and sapling 

stands 1_/ 

All ownership 19, 341. 8 6, 620. 9 9,388. 6 3,332. 3 

11 Nonstocked and other areas included with seedling and sapling stands. 

------ -Thousandacres - - - - - - - 

Federally owned or 

managed: 

National forest 2, 292. 2 787.4 1, 231. 0 273. 8 

Indian *. . .-. . + ~ -.- 

Ownership class 

- r/ Separation of State, county, and municipal not available. - 

Sawtimber 

stands 

Total 

Poletimber 

stands 
Table 111. --Area of commercial forest land, 

by major forest types, 

Arkansas, 1948-51 

Forest type I Thousad acres 

Loblolly- shortleaf 1 / pine - 3,953. 6 

~ak-~ineZ_/ 3, 549. 6 

Oak-hickory 7, 441. 6 

Total 19, 341. 8 

11 Differs from national specification in that only - 

stands with 75 percent or more pine are included. 

2/ Differs from national specification in that stands 

with 25 to 75 percent pine are included. 

Table IV. --Net volume of live saw timber and growing stock on 

commercnal forest land, by stand-size class, Arkansas, 

1948-51 

Stand-size class I Saw timber 1 Growing stock 

Million board feet Million cubic feet 

Saw-timber stands 28. 053. 5 

Pole -timber stands 7, 967.4 

Seedllng and sapling stands 739.4 

Nonstocked and other areas 

not elstwhere classlf~ed 38. 3 

Total 36, 798. 6 11, 099. 8 
Table V. --Net volume of live saw timber and growing stock on 

commercial forest land, by ownership class, Ar~ansas, 

1948-51 

Ownership class 1 Saw timber I Growing stock - 

Million board feet Million cubic feet 

Federally owned or managed: 

National forest 

Indian 

Other 

Total 

State ... ... " 11 

County and municipal) - 170.9 

- 

50. 3 

7r .- 

Private: 

Farm ... ... ' 21 

Industrial and other) - ... ... - 

Total 31, 528. 9 9, 608. 8 

All ownerships 36, 798. 6 11, 099. 8 

11 Separation between State, county, and municipal not available. 

TI Separation between farm, industrial, and other not available. - 
Table VI. --Net volume of live saw timber and growing stock on 

- commercial -- forest land, by species, Arkansas, 1948-51 

Species / Saw timber 1 Growing stock I I - 

Million board feet Million cubic feet 

- Softwoods: 

Shortleaf and loblolly pines 

Cypress 

Other eastern softwoods 

Total 

Hardwoods: 

White oaks (a. - alba and prinus) 

Red oaks (Q. - borealis and 

falcata var. pagodaefolia) 

Other white oaks 

Other red oaks 

Sugar maple 

Soft maples 

Beech 

Sweetgum 

Tupelo and blackgum 

Ash 

Hickory 

Cottonwood and aspen 

Basswood 

Yellow-poplar 

Black walnut 

Other eastern hardwoods 

Total 

All species 36, 798. 6 11, 099. 8 
Table VII. --Net volume of live saw timber on commercial forest land, by diameter class groups 

and species, Arkansas, 1948-50 

- (10 inches 1 12 inched14 inches 116 inches (18 inches (and up I 

Million board feet - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

Southern yellow pines 3, 206. 8 3, 784. 9 3,338. 9 2, 583.4 1, 514. 6 1, 592. 9 16, 021. 5 

Species 

White and red pines ... ... . . ~ ... ... ~.. ... Other eastern softwoods 67. 6 125.4 101. 8 157.4 103.0 198.7 753.9 

Diameter class groups 

(20 inches Total 

White oaks (0. alba - - 

and prinus) ... 463.7 527. 5 367. 3 299. 5 431. 7 2,089.7 I 

+ Other white oaks *a# 51L9 507.6 481. 0 321.3 866.7 2,688. 5 

m Red oaks (Q. borealis and 

I - 

falcata var. pagodaefolia) ... 227.1 259.6 212.3 165. 2 284. 1 1, 148.3 

Other red oaks ... 1,025. 1 1,044.2 804. 3 678.4 1,326.8 4,878.8 

Yellow birch 

Sugar maple 

Beech 

Sweetgum ... 560.6 646.2 470. 3 378. 1 525. 7 2,580.9 

Tupelo and blackgum ... 180. 2 240.6 237. 2 211. 5 385. 8 1, 255. 3 

Yellow-poplar ... ... ... 2. 1 ... 2. 9 5. 0 

Other eastern hardwoods ... 1,062. 1 1, 083.9 960.3 767. 5 1, 387. 6 5, 261. 4 
Table VIII. --Net volume of all timber on c o m m e r c i a l f o r e s t land, 

by class of material and species group, Arkansas, 

1948-51 

Growing stock: 

Class of material 

Saw-timber trees: 

Sawlog portion 

Upper stem portion 

Total 

Total ( Softwoods / Hardwoods 

Pole-timber trees 3, 521. 2 1, 011. 4 2, 509. 8 

Total growing stock 11, 099. 8 4, 122. 6 6, 977. 2 

---- Million cubic feet - - - - 

Other material: 

Sound cull trees 

Rotten cull trees 

Hardwood - limbs 

Salvable dead trees 61. 3 26. 3 35. 0 

Total other material 3,795. 5 87. 2 3, 708. 3 

Total, all timber 14, 895. 3 4, 209. 8 10, 685. 5 

Table IX. --Net annual growth, annual mortality, and commodity drain 

on live saw timber and growing stock on commercial forest 

land, by species groups, Arkansas, 1948 

Item 

Million board feet Million cubic feet 

Net annual growth 2, 180. 

-- 

8 1, 168.4 1, 012.4 614.4 258. - 8 355.6 

- 

Annual mortality 220.8 100.7 120. 1 - 

-- 

77. 2 - 

- 

27. 8 - 49.4 

Commodity drain 

Timber products 1,909. 6 1, 000.7 908. 9 381. 0 206. 7 174.3 

Logging waste 145. 6 -- 35. 1 110. 5 96.4 - 26. 7 -- 69. 7 

Total commodlty drain 2, 055. 2 1, 035. 8 1, 019.4 477. 4 233.4 244. 0 

Growing stock 

Softwoods 

Saw timber 

Hardwoods 

Softwoods 

Hardwoods 
Table X. --Total - output of timber products and commodity drain on live saw timber and growing 

stock, ~rkansas, 1948 

-7 Commodity Commodity drain 

Sawlogs MBM~ 1,43Q000 226, 288 1,449. 8 901. 9 547. 9 294.4 175.7 118.7 

Veneer logs 

and bolts MBMZI - 71,000 9, 917 81. 6 ... 81. 6 17. 6 . . . 17. 6 

Product 

Cooperage logs 

and bolts 

Pulpwood logs I 

in Pulpwood bolts 0 

I Fuel wqod 

Milllon board feet Mllllon cubic feet 

of products cut- I dram on saw tlmber / on growlng stork 

Piling 

Standardm;? Number 

un~t cu. woods 

Poles 

Posts 

Hewn ties 

MBM?! 46,000 6, 587 65. 6 

MBMY ..,. ... ... Std. 

cords? 616,000 46,621 66. 6 

Std. 

cords3_/1,349,000 101, 228 243.9 

M linear 

feet 828 580 3.3 

M pieces 261 3, 286 18. 9 

M pieces 16,771 10, 565 30. 2 

M pieces 736 5, 170 38. 9 

Hard- 1 Total 

woods / 

Mine timbers M cu. ft. 506 506 0.4 .4 .5 .3 0. 2 

~iscellaneous~~ M cu. ft. 12,656 12, 656 56. 0 10.4 45. 6 17. 6 2. 2 15. 4 

Total 423,404 2, 055. 2 1, 035. 8 1, 019. 4 477.4 233.4 244. 0 

Softwoods 

1/ Includes material from both growing stock and other miscellaneous sources. 

Hardwoods 

International 114-inch rule. 

Rough wood basis. 

</ Includes chemical wood, excelsior, handle stock, shingle bolts, etc. -