Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 1

VENTURA COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

RULE 74.19 - GRAPHIC ARTS (Adopted 8/11/92, Revised 9/10/96, 4/10/2001, 11/11 /2003 ,xx/xx/2011 )

A. Applicability

The provisions of this rule apply to:

1. Any person who applies any ink, coating, adhesiv e, fountain solution, or solvent containing Reactive Organic Compounds (ROC) as part of a graphic arts operation.

2. Any person in the District who manufactures or supplies any ink, coating, adhesive, fountain solution, or solvent containing VOC ROC sold for use in a graphic arts operation in the District.

B. Requirements

1. Inks, Coatings, and Adhesives: No person shall app ly the following inks, coatings, or adhesives with an ROC content in exces s of the following limits:

ROC Limits Grams of ROC per Liter (Pounds of ROC per Gallon) o f Coating, Ink, or Adhesive, Less Water and Exempt Organic Compounds

Effective Dates Category Feb. 28,1993 April 1,2 002 Limits

Inks 300 (2.5) 300 (2.5) Flexographic Inks on

Porous Substrates 300 (2.5) 225 (1.88) Coatings 300 (2.5) 300 (2.5)

Adhesives 300 (2.5) 150 (1.25)

For low-solids inks, coatings or adhesives, which h ave 120 grams per liter (1 pound per gallon) or less of solids, the ROC conten t is on a grams per liter of

material basis.

2. Fountain Solution: Until January 1, 2012, N n o person shall apply fountain

solution with an ROC content in excess of the follo wing limits:

Limits Grams of ROC per Liter (Pounds of ROC per Gallon) o f Material

Effective Dates Category Feb. 28, 1993 April 1,2002 Limits

Fountain Solution 115 (0.96) 80 (0.67) Fountain Solution-Refrigerated 115 (0.96) 100 (0.83) The l00 g/l (0.83 lb/gal) limit shall only apply to refrigerated fountain solutions

that are cooled to 55 o F or less at the supply tank. A visible or easily accessibleProposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 2 temperature readout shall be installed, and a senso r shall measure the fountain solution temperature at the supply tank connected t o the operating press.

Effective January 1, 2012, no person shall apply a ny fountain solution with an ROC Content in excess of any of the following limit s:

FOUNTAIN SOLUTION LIMITS

BY PRINTING METHOD LIMITS

ROC

CONTENT 1
(Percent by weight - applied LIMITS

ROC

CONTENT (Grams per

Liter - applied)

a. HEATSET WEB-FED OFFSET LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING 1) If no refrigeration and contains alco hol: 1.6 16 2) If refrigerated below 55 o F and contains alcohol 3.0 30 3) If no alcohol in fountain solution 5.0 50

b. NON-HEATSET WEB-FED OFFSET LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING (Use of alcohol prohibited in this fo untain solution) 5.0 50

c. SHEET-FED LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING if maximum sheet size is greater than 11X17 inches or if tot al solution reservoir is greater than one gallon: 1) If no refrigeration and contains al cohol 5.0 50 2) If refrigerated below 55 o F and contains alcohol 8.5 85 3) If no alcohol in fountain solution 5.0 50

d. ALL OTHER PRESSES NOT LISTED ABOVE 1) If no refrigeration 8.0 80 2) If refrigerated below 55 o F 10.0 100

Any refrigerated chiller used shall be equipped wit h a visible or easily accessible temperature gauge, and the sensor shall measure the fountain solution temperature at the supply tank connected to the operating press

.

Effective January 1, 2012, no person shall use any fountain solution that contains alcohol in any Non-Heatset web-fed offset lithograp hic printing operation.

3. Effective until April 1, 2002, no person shall use a solvent to perform cleaning operations unless the solvent ROC composite partial pressure is 33 mm Hg or less

at 20 o C (68 o F) and the solvent ROC content is less than the fol lowing limits:

LIMITS Grams per Liter (g/l) of Solvent Pounds per Gallon (lb/gal) of Solvent

(g/l) (lb/gal)

Surfa ce Preparation 450 3.8 Repair and Maintenance Cleaning 750 6.3 Coatings and Adhesives Application

1 The ROC Content of Fountain Solutions is based on the ROC weight divided by the full weight of the ap plied solution including any exempt compounds.Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 3 Equipment Cleaning 950 7.9 Radiation Curing Ink Removal Cleaning 800 6.7 Ink Application Equipment Cleaning: (including roller wash a nd blanket wash) Lithographic and Letterpress Printing 800 6.7 Other Printing 450 3.8 Other, not listed 200 1.7

Effective April 1, 2002, Until January 1, 2012, no person shall use a solvent to perform solvent cleaning unless th e solvent complies with the applicable in excess of the applicable ROC content and ROC Composite Partial Pressure requirements limits as set forth below:

SOLVENT CLEANING ACTIVITY LIMITS

ROC g/l (lb/gal)

of Material LIMITS

ROC Composite

Partial Pressure mm Hg @ 20 o C a. Surface Preparation 70 (0.58) Not Applicable b. Repair and Maintenance Cleaning 50 (0.42) Not Applicable c. Cleaning of Coatings or Adhesives Application Equipment 950 (7.9) AND 33

d. Cleaning of Ink Application Equipment 1) General, unless listed below 100 (0.83) AND 3 2) Flexographic Printing a)Specialty Flexographic 810 (6.8) AND 21 b)Other Flexographic 100 (0.83) AND 3 3) Gravure Printing a)Publication 900 (7.5) AND 25 b)Packaging 100 (0.83) AND 3 4) Lithographic or Letter Press Printing a)Roller Wash - 300 (2.5) OR 10 b)Blanket Wash 300 (2.5) OR 10 c)Metering Roller Cleaner 300 (2.5) OR 25 d)Plate Cleaner 300 (2.5) OR 25 5) Radiation Curing Ink 800 (6.7) AND 33

Effective January 1, 2012, no person shall use a so lvent to perform solvent cleaning in excess of the applicable ROC content li mits set forth below:Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 4 SOLVENT CLEANING ACTIVITY LIMITS ROC Content (as applied) Grams of ROC per Liter of Material

g/l (lb/gal) a. Surface Preparation of Substrate 25 (0.21) b. Repair and Maintenance Cleaning 25 (0.21)

c. Other Press Parts 25 (0.21) d. Cleaning of Coatings or Adhesives Application Equipment 25 (0.21)

e. Cleaning of Ink Application Equipment 1) General, unless listed below 25 (0.21) 2) Flexographic Printing a)Specialty Flexographic 100 (0.83) b)Other Flexographic 25 (0.21) 3) Gravure Printing a)Publication 100 (0.83) b)Packaging 25 (0.21) 4) Lithographic or Letter Press Printing a)Roller Wash 100 (0.83) b)Blanket Wash 100 (0.83) c)Metering Roller Cleaner 100 (0.83) d)Plate Cleaner 100 (0.83) e)Removable Press Compone nts 25 (0.21) 5) Radiation Curing Ink Removal 100 (0.83)

4. Cleaners Containing Methylene Chloride: Effective April 1, 2002, n N o person shall use a solvent for cleaning purposes if that c leaner contains any methylene

chloride.

5. No person shall perform cleaning operations unl ess one of the following cleaning

devices or methods is used:

a. Wipe cleaning;

b. Remote reservoir cold cleaner;

c. Spray bottles or containers with a maximum capac ity of 16 fluid ounces from which solvents are applied without propellant- induced force;

d. Cleaning equipment utilizing a closable solvent container. The solvent container shall remain closed during cleaning opera tions, except when depositing and removing objects to be cleaned, and during non-operation, except when performing maintenance and repair to th e cleaning equipment.

1) If a solvent flow method is used, the solvent sh all not be atomized.Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 5 2) If a solvent flushing method is used, the solven t shall be flushed through the system by pumping.

6. In lieu of complying with the requirements of Subsection B.1, emissions of RO C,

excluding emissions from clean up operations, may b e controlled by an emission capture and control system, which reduces ROC emiss ions to the atmosphere, provided that:

a. During any period of continuous operation not to exceed 24 hours, the capture and control system shall have a combined ef ficiency of at least 85 percent, by weight, for publication roto gravure and at least 75 80 percent, by weight, for other types of printing operations; and,

b. The collection system shall vent all drying oven exhaust to the control

device and shall have one or more inlets for collec tion of fugitive emissions; and,

c. ROC emissions are no greater than emissions if c ompliant inks, coatings, and adhesives as per Subsection B.1 were used; and,

d. During any period of operation of a thermal or catalytic incinerator, combustion temperature shall be continuously monito red; and,

e. During any period of operation of a catalytic incin erator, exhaust gas temperature shall be continuously monitored; and,

f e . Written approval for such equipment, in the form of an Authority to Construct and Permit to Operate, is received from t he Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO).

7. All ROC-containing materials including used cleaning towels shall be stored in

closed containers that are nonabsorbent and do not leak.

8. Waste ROC material s wastes shall be disposed of in a manner consistent with

Federal, State, and local hazardous waste regulatio ns.

9. The manufacturer of any ink, coating, adhesive, fountain solution, or solvent

subject to this rule shall include the following in formation on the product container or a data sheet supplied with the product :

a. Material name, manufacturer identification, spec ific mixing instructions (if applicable).

b. VOC contentProposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 6 1) The VOC content of inks, coatings, and adhesive s expressed as

grams per liter (or pounds per gallon), less water and less exempt organic compounds. For low-solids inks, coatings o r adhesives, the VOC content is expressed as grams per liter of material.

2) The VOC content of fountain solutions and solv ents expressed as

grams per liter (or pounds per gallon) or percent by weight of

material , and if applicable, the recommended application di lution

ratio

.

c. Until January 1, 2012, T t he VOC composite partial pressure expressed as

mm HG at 20 o C, if applicable.

d. The density of the material expressed as grams per liter (or pounds per

gallon).

e. The solids content of all low-solids inks, coa tings or adhesives, expressed

as grams per liter (or pounds per gallon).

For the purposes of this Subsection, the term "VO C" is equivalent to the term

"ROC".

10. Prohibition of Specification: No person shall specify or require the use of any ink, coating, adhesive, solvent cleaner, or fountain sol ution, in a graphic arts operation subject to the provisions of this rule that does no t meet the limits and requirements of this rule.

C. Exemptions

1. The requirements of Subsections B.1, B.2, B.3, a nd B.4 shall not apply to:

a. Any stationary source that emits less than 200 p ounds of ROC in every rolling period of 12 consecutive calendar months fr om graphic arts operations. Emissions from aerosol products, cold cleaners, and vapor degreasers shall not be included in this exemption determination. ROC emissions from graphic arts operations used exclusi vely for research, classroom instruction in schools, laboratory analys is, or determination of product quality and commercial acceptance shall not be included in this exemption determination.

b. Graphic arts operations used exclusively for res earch, classroom instruction in schools, laboratory analysis, or det ermination of product quality and commercial acceptance provided total em issions of ROC from such equipment are less than 200 pounds in any roll ing period of 12 consecutive calendar months from printing, coating, adhesive, and solvent cleaning operations.Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 7

2. The requirements of t T his rule shall not apply to:

a. Screen Printing, which is subject to Rule 74.19 .1.

b. Operations which apply any ROC containing ink, coating, or adhesive on

ceramic materials.

c. Circuit Board Circuitry Printing.

d. Operations using darkroom equipment associated with lithographic

printing plate making.

e. Operations which apply inks used to indicate th at sterilization has

occurred.

f. Ink

Jet printing. Digital Printing Operations.

g. Proof presses.

h. Prepress operations such as the cleaning or proc essing of film processors, color scanners, plate processors, film cleaning, an d plate developers.

i. Blanket repair materials used in containers of f our ounces or less.

j. Aerosol coating products that are in compliance with regulations and requirements adopted by the California Air Resource s Board (California Code of Regulations Title 17, Subchapter 8.5, Secti on 94522).

k. Cleaning activities using Clean Air Solvents as defined in Section G.9.

3. The solvent cleaning requirements of Subsection B.3 shall not apply to cleaning solvents used to clean ultraviolet lamps and reflec tors, or electron beam

processors.

D. Recordkeeping Requirements.

Any person subject to this rule shall:

1. Maintain a current file for each ink, coating, a nd adhesive in use and in storage.

The file shall include a data sheet or material lis t that provides material name, manufacturer identification, applicable product cat egory from Subsection B.1, specific mixing instructions, and grams of ROC per liter (or pound of ROC per gallon) of coating (or ink or adhesive) less water and less exempt organic compounds, and grams of ROC per liter (or pounds of ROC per gallon) of

material.Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 8

2. Maintain a current file for each fountain soluti on and cleaning solvent in use and in storage. The file shall include a data sheet or material list that provides material name, manufacturer identification, applica ble solvent cleaning activity from Subsection B.3 for each cleaning solvent, spec ific mixing instructions if any,

and grams of ROC per liter (or pounds of ROC per gallo n) of material, and, if applicable until January 1, 2012 , ROC composite partial pressure. The required data sheets for fountain solutions shall provide th e ROC content, and minimum recommended dilution, which can be used to calcula te the ROC content percent by weight, as applied or ROC content, grams per lit er of material, applied.

3. Maintain records on a daily basis showing the am ount of inks, coatings, adhesives, fountain solutions, and solvents used. If only com pliant inks, coatings, adhesives, fountain solutions, and solvents are used, these re cords may be maintained on a monthly basis instead of a daily basis.

4. Any person claiming the exemption in subsections C.1.a. or C.1.b shall provide monthly records sufficient to substantiate this cla im, as follows:

a. Ink emission records shall be maintained using o ne of the following options and District-approved emission factors:

1) Group the quantity of all inks used and use the highest ROC content, and the minimum density,

2) Report process inks and pantone colors separatel y and:

a) Use the specific ROC content and density values for each process ink and the highest ROC and the minimum den sity for pantone inks; or

b) Use the highest ROC content and minimum density for both process and pantone inks.

3) Itemize each ink and pantone color and use the s pecific ROC content and density value for each.

For the purpose of subsection D.4.a, "minimum de nsity" means the lowest

weight per unit volume for inks in a reported group , or the default value of 1.01 kilograms per liter (8.44 pounds per gallon) w here minimum density

is unknown.

b. Coating, adhesive, fountain solution, and solven t emission records shall be maintained by itemizing each coating, adhesive, fou ntain solution, and solvent and using the specific ROC content and dens ity value for each.Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 9

5. If compliance is achieved through the use of em ission control equipment maintain

daily records of key system operating parameters fo r emission control equipment as specified in the Permit to Operate.

6. The recordkeeping method chosen shall be made a par t of the Permit to Operate. If a permit is not required:

a. Records shall be main tained as if only compliant materials were being used; and

b. The recordkeeping method chosen shall be submitted to the APCO for filing; and

c. The record keeping method shall not be changed with out written approval

of the APCO.

7. 6. Inventory, usage, and emission control equipment o peration records shall be retained for a minimum of two years and shall be ma de available to District Personnel upon request.

E. Test Methods

1. Measurement of the ROC and/or solids content of inks, coatings, adhesives, fountain solutions, and solvents, except publicatio n roto gravure inks shall be conducted and reported in accordance with EPA Refer ence Method 24

, Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water Con tent, Density, Volume Solids and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings, and SCAQMD Method 303 -91, Determination of Exempt Compounds, Revised February 1993 (EPA Approved August 1996), for determination of exempt compounds as necessary

.

2. Measurement of the ROC content of publication roto gravure inks shall be conducted and reported in accordance with EPA Refer ence Method 24A

, Publication Rotogravure Inks and Coatings, and SCAQMD Method 303 -91, Determination of Exempt Compounds, Revised February 1993 (EPA Approved August 1996) for determination of exempt compounds as necessary

.

3. If applicable, measurement of the ROC content of ultraviolet-cured inks shall be determined using ASTM Method D5403-93( 1998 2007 ) (EPA Approved 1993)

, Standard Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable

Materials Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Produ cts . This method determines the ROC weight percent of inks designed to be cured by ultraviolet light. Calculation of the ROC content in grams per liter requires knowing the ink density. The density of inks shall be determined u sing ASTM D1475-98, Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products (EPA Approved 1990)

.

4. Until January 1, 2012, ROC composite pressure shall be calculated using a widely accepted published source such as: Boublik, T., V. Fried and E. Hala, "The Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances," Elsevier Scientific P ublishing Co., New YorkProposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 10 (1973), Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, McGra w-Hill Book Company, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rub ber Publishing Company (1986-87), and Lange's Handbook of Chemistr y, John A. Dean, editor, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1985). The true vapor pr essure of a component in a solvent mix may be determined by ASTM Method D287 9- 86 97, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope . The ROC composite pressure of a solvent mix consisting entirely of ROC may be deter mined by ASTM Method

D2879- 86 97

.

5. The capture and control efficiency of air pollu tion control equipment shall be

determined according to EPA's technical document, as specified in U.S.EPA’s "Guidelines for Determining Capture Efficiency," Ja nuary 9, 1995, and methods

i n 40 CFR 52.741 (a)(4)(iv), Control Device Efficiency Testing and Monitoring

, and 40 CFR 51, Appendix M, Methods 204-204F as app licable

. Destruction efficiency, measured and calculated as carbon, shal l be determined by 40 CFR 60, Appendix A-6, Method 18, or Appendix A-7, Methods 2 5, or 25A or by ARB

Method 422.

6. The ROC content of any cyanoacrylate adhesive sh all be determined using SCAQMD Test Method 316B Revised August 1997 : "Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Adhesives Containing Cyanoacrylate s Adhesives ." (EPA Approved August 1997).

7. The alcohol content of any fountain solution sha ll be determined using SCAQMD Test Method 313-91, Revised February 1997, “Determi nation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrom etry (GC/MS) (EPA Approved June 1993).

8. When more than one test method or set of test me thods are specified for any testing, noncompliance with any requirement of this rule established by any one of the specified test methods or set of test methods s hall constitute a violation of this

rule.

F. Violations

Failure to comply with any provision of this rule, including recordkeeping requirements,

shall constitute a violation of this rule.

G. Definitions

1. "Adhesive": A material that is applied for the primary purpose of bonding two

surfaces together by surface attachment. Adhesive used in a graphic arts operation such as in the binding or laminating of magazines, books, or other printed

materials.Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 11

2. “Aerosol Coating Product”: Any pressurized coat ing product containing pigments or resins that dispenses product ingredients by mea ns of a propellant, and is packaged in a disposable can for hand-held applicat ion.

3.. “Alcohol”: An organic chemical known as a mono hydric alcohol, in which one hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to a carbon atom in place of a hydrogen atom. Common examples include, are not limited to, methan ol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and pentanol.

4. “Blanket”: Any

rubber or synthetic rubber mat used in offset-lith ography to transfer or "offset" an image from a planographic printing p late to paper or other substrate.

5. “Blanket Repair Material”: The material used in offset printing to correct low spots in the press blanket.

2. 6. "Blanket Wash": Solvent used to clean the rubber- surface fabric used to transfer the image from the plate to the substrate.

3. 7. "Blower": A unit, mounted on a web printing press, that sets and dries nonheatset ink by using unheated ambient air to accelerate the oxidation of the solvent
components.

8. “Circuitry Printing”: Printing on circuit board s, membrane switches, or other electronic circuitry.

9. “Clean Air Solvent”: A solvent certified by the South Coast Air Quality Management District as a Clean Air Solvent as defin ed by SCAQMD Rule 102.

4. 10 "Coating": A layer of material applied to a subst rate in a relatively unbroken film to perform a protective or decorative function

.

11. “Combined Efficiency”: The efficiency of an ap proved emission control system, measured by the collection system’s capture efficie ncy multiplied by the destruction or control efficiency of the control de vice, expressed as a percentage.

12. “Digital Printing Operations”: Operations usin g a digital printer that uses digital data to control the deposition of ink, toner or dye to create images. Digital print operations include, but are not limited to, the fol lowing technologies: inkjet, thermography, electrophotography, and magnetography

.

5. 13. "Exempt Organic Compounds": Shall be as defined i n Rule 2 of these rules.

6 14 . "Flexographic Printing": The ap plication of words, designs, or pictures by roll printing technique in which the pattern to be appli ed is raised above the printing roll and the image carrier is made of rubber or oth er elastomeric material. A printing method that uses a raised image carrier on a flexible printing roll to applyProposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 12 words, designs, or pictures onto a substrate. The roll is typically made of rubber or other elastomeric materials. The portion of th e roll that is not raised is often referred to as the non-image area. Ink may be mete red to the substrate by means of an anilox roll, which is usually constructed of a steel or aluminum core which is coated by an industrial ceramic whose surface co ntains millions of very fine dimples, known as cells.

7. 15. "Fountain Solution": The solution applied to the image plate to maintain the hydrophilic properties of the nonimage areas and to keep the nonimage area free

from ink. Fountain solution is primarily water and contains at least one of the following materials: etchants such as mineral salt s, hydrophilic gums; or ROC

additives to reduce the surface tension of the wate r.

8. 16. "Fugitive Emissions": Uncollected emissions of VO C from any portion of the printing, coating or laminating operation.

9. 17. "Grams of ROC per Liter of Coating ( or Ink or Adhesive), Less Water and Exempt Compounds": The weight of ROC that are emitted during use, coating, curing or drying per combined volume of ROC and coating ( or ink or adhesive)

solids and can be calculated by the following equation as follows :

Grams of ROC per Liter of Coating ( or Ink or Adhesive), Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds = W s - W w - W es V m - V w - V es

Where: W s = weight of volatile compounds in grams

W w = weight of water in grams

W es = weight of exempt compounds in grams

V m = volume of material in liters

V w = volume of water in liters

V es = volume of exempt compounds in liters

10. 18. "Grams of ROC per Liter of Material": The weight o f ROC per volume of

material can be calculated by the following equation as follows :

Grams of ROC per liter of material = W s - W w - W es V m

Where: W s = Weight of volatile compounds in grams

W w = Weight of water in grams

W es = Weight of exempt compounds in grams

V m = Volume of material in liters

11. 19. "Graphic Arts": All screen, gravure, letterpress, flexographic, ink jet, and lithographic printing processes or related coating or laminating processes.Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 13

12. 20. "Graphic Arts Operation": Any packaging gravure, publication gravure, flexographic printing, screen printing, letterpress , ink jet, digital printing, or lithographic printing operation, or any associated cleaning, coating or laminating

or adhesive operation to produce a printed product. manufacturing converted flexible packaging materials for the packaging indu str y

. These operations include printing application equipment, coating equipment, laminating equipment, flashoff areas, ovens, conveyors or other equipment in a n uninterrupted series with such operation.

13. 21. "Gravure Printing": An intaglio printing op eration method in which the ink is transferred from minute etched wells on a plate to the substrate, which is supported by an impression roller, with excess ink removed by a doctor blade.

14. 22. "Heater or Dryer": A device used to vaporize heat set inks.

15. 23. "Heatset Ink": A printing ink used on continuous web-feed printing presses that are equipped with dryers or ovens. The ink dries o r sets by heat-induced evaporation of the ink oils and subsequent chilling of the ink by chill rolls.

24. “Ink”: A pigmented and/or dyed liquid or paste used especially for printing or other graphic arts operations.

16. 25. "Ink Jet Printing": Printing methods where the li quid ink is transferred at high velocity through a small diameter opening(s) to a s olid substrate. Ink jet systems include, but are not limited to: Air-brush; Thermal -jet; Drop-on-demand using piezoelectric crystals; and Continuous with ink rec ycling.

17. 26. "Lamination": A process of bonding two or more la yers of material to form a single, multiple-layer sheet by using adhesive.

18. 27. "Letterpress Printing": A printing method where in which the image area is raised relative to the nonimage area and the ink is transf erred to the paper directly from the image surface.

19. 28. "Lithographic Printing": Printing by a planograph ic method in which the image

and non

- image areas are on the same plane and are chemically differentiated

. This printing process differs from other printing p rocesses where the image is typically printed from a raised or recessed surface

.

20. 29. "Low-Solids Inks, Coatings or Adhesives": Any pro duct that contains 120 grams or less of solids per liter (1 pound or less of sol ids per gallon) of material.

21. 30. "Maintenance Cleaning": A solvent cleaning operat ion or activity carried out to keep general work areas, tools, machinery or equipm ent excluding application equipment, in clean and good operational condition.Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 14

22. 31. "Metering Roller": A roller used to meter the fou ntain solution to the printing plate in a continuous contacting dampening system o n a lithographic printing

press.

23. 32. "Nonheatset Ink": Printing ink that sets and drie s by absorption into the substrate, and hardens by ambient air oxidation that may be ac celerated by the use of infrared, ultraviolet, or electron-beam radiation but does not involve the use of heat from dryers or ovens

.

24. 33. "Nonporous Substrate": A substrate whose surface prevents penetration by water, including but not limited to foil, polyethylene, po lypropylene, cellophane, metalized polyester, nylon, or mylar. Any paper-li ke substrate, including cardboard or paperboard, that is coated with a nonp orous material shall be considered a nonporous substrate.

34. “Offset Lithographic Printing”: A planographic method in which the image and non-image areas are on the same plane. Typically, the ink is offset from a plate to a rubber blanket, and then from the blanket to the substrate.

35. “Other Press Parts”: Any press parts that do n ot come into contact with inks, adhesives, or coatings. Other press parts include, but are not limited to, pressure rollers, motors, and belts. Rollers, blankets, met ering rollers, fountains, impression cylinders and plates shall not be consid ered as other press parts.

25. 36. "Oven": A heating chamber which uses heat, ultrav iolet (UV) radiation, or electron beam (EB) radiation to bake, cure, polymer ize, or dry a surface coating.

26. 37. "Packaging Gravure": Gravure printing on paper, p aperboard, foil, film or other substrates which are to be used to produce containe rs or packages.

27. 38. "Pantone Color": A printing ink created for color matching by combination of process inks.

28. 39. "Porous Substrate": Any surface or substrate that is permeable to water including but not limited to paper, cardboard, paperboard and any paper product that is coated with a porous material.

40. “Prepress Operations”: Any operation associate d with printing plate making including but not limited to, film photo processors and plate photo processors, color scanners, film cleaning, or plate developers.

29. 41. "Printing Ink": Any fluid or viscous composition used in printing, impressing, or transferring an image onto a substrate.

42. “Printing Plates”: Printing processes such as offset lithography use printing plates to transfer an image to paper or other substrates. The plates may be made of metal,Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 15 plastic, rubber, paper, and other materials. The im age is put on the printing plates using photomechanical, photochemical, or laser engr aving processes. The image may be positive or negative.

30. 43. "Process Ink": The hues: yellow, magenta, and cya n, plus black used in the fourcolor print process.

44. “Proof Press”: A press that is used only for the sole purpose of printing a sample copy of a graphic art product to check the quality of the print, color reproduction

and editorial content.

31. 45. "Publication Gravure": Gravure printing on paper which is subsequently formed into books, magazines, catalogues, brochures, direc tories, newspaper supplements or other types of printed material.

32. 46. "Radiation Curing Inks ": The use of electronic radiation to polymerize or c ure specially-formulated inks, coatings, or adhesives o n a substrate. Electron Beam and ultraviolet light are radiation curing methods used in graphic arts operations. Inks which dry by polymerization reaction induced b y either ultraviolet or electron

beam radiation. 47. “Reactive Organic Compound (ROC)”: As defined in Rule 2. ROC and VOC are identical and may be used interchangeably.

33. 48. "Remote Reservoir Cold Cleaner": A device in whic h solvent is pumped through a sink-like work area for cleaning parts and drains immediately, without forming a pool, through a single drain hole less than 100 squ are centimeters (15.5 sq. in.) in

area into an enclosed container which is not access ible for soaking parts.

49. “Removable Press Component”: Any part, compone nt, or accessory of a press that is physically attached to the press and does c ome into contact with ink, which is removed from the press prior to being cleaned. Rollers, blankets, metering rollers, fountains, impression cylinders and plates shall not be considered as removable press components.

34. 50. "Repair Cleaning": A solvent cleaning operation o r activity carried out during a repair process.

51. “ Repair process ”: is T t he process of returning a damaged object or an obje ct not operating properly to good condition.

35. 52. ROC Composite Partial Pressure": The sum of the p artial pressures of the compounds defined as ROCs. ROC composite partial p ressure is calculated as

follows:Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 16 

## ( ) ( ) ( )

PP W VP

MW

W

MW W

MW W

MW c i i

i i n

w

w e

e

e n i

i i n =       + 

     + 

     =

= = 

# ∑ ∑ ∑ 1

1 1 Where:

W i = Weight of the "i"th ROC compound, in grams

W w = Weight of water, in grams

W e = Weight of the "e"th exempt organic compound, in grams MW i = Molecular weight of the "i"th ROC compound, in g /(g-mole)

MW w = Molecular weight of water, in g/(g-mole)

MW e = Molecular weight of the "e"th exempt organic com pound, in g/(g-mole)

PP c = ROC composite partial pressure at 20 C, in mm Hg

VP i = Vapor pressure of "i"th ROC compound at 20C, in mm Hg.

36. 53. "ROC -Containing Materials": Inks, coatings, or adhesives ;
, materials used for cleanup or of ink s , coating s , or adhesive s; removal

, materials used for removal of adhesives; solvent, paper and cloth, and waste containing, im pregnated with, coated with, or mixed with Reactive Organic Compoun ds.

37. 54. "Roller Wash": Solvent used to clean the metal in k rollers on a printing press.

38. 55. "Screen Printing": A process where the printing i nk passes through a web or a

fabric to which a refined form of stencil has been applied. The stencil openings determine the form and dimensions of the imprint.

56. “Sheet-Fed Printers”: Any printer that process es single individual sheets of

material one at a time instead of a continuous roll of input material.

57. “Solvent Cleaning”: The use of any solvent to remove uncured adhesives, uncured inks, uncured coatings, or contaminants fro m a substrate.

39. 58 "Solvent Flushing": The use of a solvent to remov e uncured adhesives, uncured inks, uncured coatings, or contaminants from the in ternal surfaces and passages of the equipment by flushing solvent through the equip ment.

40. 59. "Specialty Flexographic Printing": Flexographic p rinting on polyethylene or polypropylene food packaging, fertilizer bags, or l iquid-tight food containers.

41. 60. "Sterilization Indicating Inks": Inks that change color to indicate that sterilization

has occurred. Such inks are used to monitor the st erilization of medical instruments, autoclave efficiency and the thermal p rocessing of foods for prevention of spoilage.

61. “Substrate”: Any surface of any material that is the designated recipient of any ink, coating, or adhesive.Proposed Amendments, June 14, 2011 01/04 Rule 74.19 : 17

42. 62. "Surface Preparation": The removal of contaminants such as dust, soil, oil, grease, etc., from a substrate prior to coating, adhesive, or ink applications.

43. 63. "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)": Shall have th e same meaning as Reactive Organic Compounds (ROC) as defined in Rule 2 of the se Rules.

64. “Web-Fed”: An automatic system which supplies substrate from a continuous roll, or from an extrusion process.

44. 65. "Wipe Cleaning": The method of cleaning a surface by physically rubbing it with a material or device such as a rag, paper, brush or cotton swab moistened with a

solvent.