N O T FO R PUB L ICAT IO N UNITED STATES C OUR T OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH C IR C UIT
UNITED STATES OF AM ER IC A,

Pla i ntiff-Appe lle e , v. ALISON LEE GENDR

E AU, De fe nda n t-Appe l la

nt. No. 22-30136

D.C . No. 2:21-c r-00022-DLC
M EM O R ANDUM *

Appe a l from

the Unite d

Stat e s Distric t C ourt for the Distric t of M o nta

na Dana L. C hriste nse n, Distric t Judge , Pre siding Subm itte d Se pte m

be r 15, 2023 * * Se attle , W a s hington B e fore : W . FLETC HER , R . NELSON, a nd C OLLINS, C irc uit Judge s. De fe nda nt Alison Le e Ge ndre a

u ple a de d guilty

to five c ounts of viola

ting 18 U.S.C . § 1343. Ge ndre a

u wa s the a c c ounting m ana ge r of the Ye llowstoneHa rle y Davidson fra

nc hise in B e lgra d e , M onta na . Ge n dre a

u a dm itte d

both to the

owne rs 

# FIL ED N OV 17 2023 M OLLY C. DW Y E R, CLERK U. S. CO URT O F A PPEALS

* This disposition is not a ppropria te for public at ion a

nd is not pre c e de nt e xc e pt a s provide d

by Ninth C irc uit R

ule 36-3.

* * The pa

ne l una nim ously c onc lude s this c a se is suita ble for de c ision without ora l a

rgum e nt. Se e Fe d. R . App. P. 34(a)(2).of the Ha

rle y -Davidson fra

nc hise and a

she riff’ s de puty that she ha d be e n e m be z z ling m one y . She wa s subse que ntly indic te d on five c ounts of wirefra ud in
an am ount totaling $13,095.56. Ge ndre a u ple d guilty
. At se nte nc ing, the gove rnm e nt sought re stitution unde r the M andatory

Vic tim s R e stitution Ac t (M V R A), 18 U.S.C . § 3663A, for the full a m ount tha t the Ha rle y -Davidson franc hise owne rs te stifie d wa s m issing. Ge ndre a u a rgue d both tha

t the gove rnm e nt
c ould only

re c ove r re stitution for the am ount liste d in the indic t m e nt a nd tha t she
e m be z z le d only

from the pa yroll a c c ount. Thedistric t c ourt found by a pre p onde ranc e of the e vide nc e tha t Ge ndre a u ha d stole n $306,419.72 a nd a warde d that am ount in re stitution. Ge ndre a u tim e ly a ppe a le d
. W e have jurisdic tion unde r 28 U.S.C . § 1291. “ [T] he le ga l ity of a re stitution orde r” is re vie we d de novo. Unite d State s v . Pe te rson , 538 F.3d 1064, 1074 (9th C ir. 2008). If there stitution orde r “ is within the

bounds of the

sta tutory fra m e -work” the orde r “ i s re vie we d for a n a buse of disc re tion.” Unite d State s v . Hac k e tt , 311 F.3d 989, 991 (9th C ir. 2002) (inte rna l quota tion m a rks om itte d).

“ Fa c t ua l findings supporting a

n orde r of re stitution a

re re vie we d for c le ar e rror.” Id. Ge ndre a

u a rgue s tha t the M VR

A pe rm its re stitution only up to theam ount
se t forth in theindic tm e nt to whic h she ple a de d guilty . W e hav e squa re ly he ld tha t
2the M VR

A pe rm its re stitution for “ an e ntire sc he m e , inc luding unc ha rge d
c onduc t.” Unite d State

s v . Gric e , 319 F.3d 1174, 1177–78 (9th C i r. 2003) (pe r c uriam ); a c c ord In reHe r Maje sty theQue e n in Right of C

an. , 785 F.3d 1273, 1276 (9th C ir. 2015) (pe r c uriam ). Ge ndre a u a rgue s tha t this a pplic ation of the M VR

A viola t e s the Fifth Am e ndm e nt’ s Grand Jury C la use be c a use only five wire tra

nsa c tions we re c ha

rge d in the indic tm e nt. Howe ve r, wire fra ud re quire s the gove rnm e nt to prove“ a sc he m e to de fraud.” Unite d State s v . Hussain , 972 F.3d 1138, 1143 (9th C ir. 2020) (inte rna l quota

t ion m a rks om itte d). As a

re sult, “ t he fra udule nt sc he m e a s a whole ” is “pa

rt of the c ha

rge d o ffe n se ” of wire fra

u d
. Unite d State

s v . Loftis , 843 F.3d 1173, 1177 (9th C ir. 2016). Ge ndre a u a lso c onte nds tha

t she ha d a right to a jury tria l on the am ount of
re stitution. Our pre c e de nt fore c lose s this a rgum e nt. Se e

, e . g.  ̧ Unite d State

s v . Dady a n , 76 F.4th 955, 961 (9th C ir. 2023) (c o lle c ting c a se s). Fina lly , Ge ndre a

u a rgue s tha t the re wa s ina de q

uate proof tha

t she skim

m e d
c a sh. W e find no c le a

r e rror in the distric t

c ourt’ s findings of fa c t. The Ha rle y Davidson fra

nc hise ’ s owne rs provide d de ta ile d a c c ounting tha t re ve a le d signific ant
am ounts of c a sh m issing. Ge ndre a u a l so a dm itte d to a

she riff’ s de puty

tha t she

3skim

m e d c a sh. The re we re no furthe r disc re pa nc i e s in thec o m

pa ny ’ s a c c ounts
a fte r Ge ndre a

u wa s fire d
. AFFIRM E D.

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