APPENDIX D2

PHASE IB ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE 

LIMITS OF DISTURBANCE
May 2018 

Phase IB Archaeological Survey for the 

Washington, D.C. to Richmond Southeast High 

Speed Rail (DC2RVA) Project 

Preferred Alternative Limits of Disturbance 
Phase IB Archaeological Survey for the 

Washington, D.C. to Richmond Southeast 

High Speed Rail (DC2RVA) Project 

Preferred Alternative Limits of Disturbance 

DHR #2014-0666 

by 

Kevin McCloskey, Emily Calhoun, Kerry González, and Mike Klein 

Prepared for 

Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation 

600 E. Main Street, Suite 2102 

Richmond, Virginia 23219 

Prepared by 

DC2RVA Project Team 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 

Richmond, Virginia 23219 

May 2018 

Kerri S. Barile, Principal Investigator Date 

May 14, 2018
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail i Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

ABSTRACT 

The proposed Washington, D.C. to Richmond (DC2RVA) segment of the Southeast High Speed 

Rail project was examined through a Phase IB archaeological survey. The proposed project is 

being completed under the auspices of the Federal Rail Administration (FRA) in conjunction with 

the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (DRPT). Because of the FRA’s 

involvement, the undertaking is required to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act 

of 1969 (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. 

The project is being completed as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) File Review 

#2014-0666. 

The current archaeological study included a Phase IB survey of portions of the Preferred 

Alternative limits of disturbance (LOD) (Arlington [Area 1] through Richmond [Area 6]) of the 

DC2RVA corridor. The DC2RVA corridor has been the subject of ongoing cultural resource 

investigations from 2014 to the present, including a Phase IA archaeological background review 

and archaeological predictive model (Klein at al. 2015) and a Phase IB archaeological survey of 

the mainline based on modeling (McCloskey et al. 2016). Since the conclusion of the previous 

Phase IB archaeological work, a draft environmental impact statement resulting in the selection 

of a Preferred Alternative has been completed. Additionally, engineering and design work has 

been completed for the corridor resulting in the definition of the physical footprint of 

improvements for the selected Preferred Alternative, including all road modifications, 

straightening of curves, the addition of wyes, proposed station locations, parking areas, etc. As 

such, the area of potential effects (APE) studied as part of the current report was defined by the 

LOD of the Preferred Alternative, including the footprint of physical improvements associated 

with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any associated roadwork, which had 

not been surveyed during the previous IB effort. 

The archaeological study consisted of a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing, supplemented 

by metal detector survey, throughout the APE beyond the limits of previous Phase IB 

investigations. Based on the pedestrian survey, subsurface testing (and, where necessary, metal 

detection) was carried out in locations deemed to have potential for intact subsurface deposits. 

Additionally, all sites within the APE not addressed by the previous DC2RVA Phase IB 

archaeological study and determined eligible or potentially eligible for listing in the National 

Register of Historic Places (NRHP), as well as those previously recorded sites that had not been 

evaluated by the DHR, were examined regardless of their location within areas identified for 

archaeological testing. The archaeological areas subjected to Phase IB study, inclusive of 

pedestrian and subsurface testing, encompass 158.8 acres (64.3 ha). 

Phase IB survey included a pedestrian survey and photo documentation followed by systematic 

subsurface testing, and metal detector survey when warranted, in locations deemed to have the 

potential for subsurface deposits. Pedestrian survey found that the majority of the archaeological 

APE was disturbed by buried utility corridors, modern development, and grading associated 

with the railroad. Following the pedestrian survey, a total of 511 shovel test pits (STPs) were 
ABSTRACT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail ii Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

excavated across the APE. The excavation of shovel test pits and metal detector hits resulted in 

the recovery of 140 artifacts that date predominantly to the historic period. 

Phase IB survey resulted in the identification of 23 archaeological sites and 5 isolated finds within 

the surveyed portions of the APE. Of these 23 archaeological sites, 17 were previously identified 

archaeological sites and 6 were newly recorded. Based on this survey it is recommended that one 

site, 44CF0680, remains eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criteria A and C. However, the 

portion of site 44CF0680 within the APE does not contribute to overall site eligibility. The 

survey identified nine archaeological sites (44HE0357, 44HE1097, 44HE1098, 44HE1094, 

44SP0187, 44SP0468, 44SP0687, 44SP0688, and 44ST1223) that are recommended potentially 

eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion D. It is further recommended that nine sites 

(44CF0022, 44CF0123, 44CF0260, 44HE1203, 44HE1204, 44PW1008, 44ST0011, 44ST0270, and 

44ST0271) are or remain unevaluated for the NRHP, but that the portions of all these sites 

within the APE do no contribute to their overall site eligibility. The remaining four 

archaeological sites (44HE1202, 44SP0767, 44SP0768, and 44ST1224,) are all recommended not 

eligible for listing in the NRHP. However, sites 44ST1224 and 44SP0786 are both small family 

cemeteries that have not been fully delineated, so they should be avoided or their boundaries 

defined. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail iii Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... iii

LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... vi

LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... xiii

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Project Location .......................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.2 DC2RVA Project Description ................................................................................................... 1-6

2. ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT ORGANIZATION ................................................................... 2-1

3. SURVEY METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 PHase IB Archaeological Area Selection ................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Archaeological Survey .............................................................................................................. 3-2

3.3 Laboratory Methods .................................................................................................................. 3-3

4. RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY ...................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Disturbance ................................................................................................................................. 4-1

4.2 Area 1: Arlington........................................................................................................................ 4-4

4.3 Area 2: Northern Virginia ......................................................................................................... 4-4

4.3.1 Archaeological Area 2a ............................................................................................... 4-5

4.3.2 Archaeological Area 2b ............................................................................................ 4-11

4.3.3 Archaeological Area 2c ............................................................................................. 4-13

4.3.4 Archaeological Area 2d ............................................................................................ 4-17

4.3.5 Archaeological Area 2e ............................................................................................. 4-20

4.3.6 Archaeological Area 2f ............................................................................................. 4-25

4.3.7 Archaeological Area 2g ............................................................................................ 4-29

4.3.8 Archaeological Area 2h ............................................................................................ 4-33

4.3.9 Archaeological Area 2i.............................................................................................. 4-37

4.3.10 Archaeological Area 2j .............................................................................................. 4-45

4.3.11 Archaeological Area 2k ............................................................................................ 4-49

4.3.12 Previously Recorded Site 44PW1008 ...................................................................... 4-62
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D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail iv Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.3.13 Previously Recorded Site 44ST0270 ........................................................................ 4-64

4.3.14 Previously Recorded Site 44ST0271 ........................................................................ 4-66

4.3.15 Newly Identified Site 44ST1223 ............................................................................... 4-67

4.3.15.1 Site Description .......................................................................................... 4-67 

4.3.15.2 Evaluation and Significance ..................................................................... 4-69 

4.3.16 Newly Identified Site 44ST1224 ............................................................................... 4-69

4.3.16.1 Site Description .......................................................................................... 4-69

4.3.16.2 Evaluation and Significance ..................................................................... 4-74

4.4 Area 3: Fredericksburg ............................................................................................................ 4-74

4.4.1 Archaeological Area 3a ............................................................................................. 4-75

4.4.2 Archaeological Area 3b ............................................................................................ 4-79

4.4.3 Archaeological Area 3c ............................................................................................. 4-82

4.4.4 Archaeological Area 3d ............................................................................................ 4-87

4.4.5 Archaeological Area 3e ............................................................................................. 4-90

4.4.6 Archaeological Area 3f ............................................................................................. 4-92

4.4.7 Previously Recorded Site 44ST0011 ...................................................................... 4-104

4.4.8 Previously Recorded Site 44SP0187 ...................................................................... 4-106

4.4.8.1 Site Description ........................................................................................ 4-106

4.4.8.2 Evaluation and Significance ................................................................... 4-112

4.4.9 Previously Recorded Sites 44SP0687 and 44SP0688 ........................................... 4-112

4.4.10 Previously Recorded Site 44SP0468 ...................................................................... 4-113

4.4.11 Newly Identified Site 44SP0767 ............................................................................. 4-116

4.4.11.1 Site Description ........................................................................................ 4-116

4.4.11.2 Evaluation and Significance ................................................................... 4-119

4.4.12 Newly Identified Site 44SP0768 ............................................................................. 4-119

4.4.12.1 Site Description ........................................................................................ 4-119

4.4.11.2 Evaluation and Significance ................................................................... 4-121

4.5 Area 4: Central Virginia ........................................................................................................ 4-122

4.5.1 Archaeological Area 4b .......................................................................................... 4-123

4.5.2 Archaeological Area 4c ........................................................................................... 4-127

4.5.3 Archaeological Area 4d .......................................................................................... 4-132

4.5.4 Archaeological Area 4e ........................................................................................... 4-138

4.5.5 Archaeological Area 4f ........................................................................................... 4-140
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D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail v Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.6 Area 5: Ashland ...................................................................................................................... 4-145

4.6.1 Archaeological Area 5a ........................................................................................... 4-146

4.6.2 Archaeological Area 5b .......................................................................................... 4-153

4.6.3 Archaeological Area 5c ........................................................................................... 4-162

4.7 Area 6: Richmond .................................................................................................................. 4-167

4.7.1 Archaeological Area 6a ........................................................................................... 4-168

4.7.2 Archaeological Area 6b .......................................................................................... 4-175

4.7.3 Archaeological Area 6c ........................................................................................... 4-179

4.7.4 Archaeological Area 6d .......................................................................................... 4-183

4.7.5 Archaeological Area 6e ........................................................................................... 4-185

4.7.6 Archaeological Area 6f ........................................................................................... 4-190

4.7.7 Archaeological Area 6g .......................................................................................... 4-196

4.7.8 Archaeological Area 6h .......................................................................................... 4-202

4.7.9 Previously Recorded Site 44HE0357 ..................................................................... 4-207

4.7.10 Previously Recorded Sites 44HE1094, 44HE1097 and 44SHE1098 ................... 4-209

4.7.11 Previously Recorded Site 44CF0022 ..................................................................... 4-211

4.7.12 Previously Recorded Site 44CF0123 ..................................................................... 4-215

4.7.13 Previously Recorded Site 44CF0260 ..................................................................... 4-215

4.7.14 Previously Recorded Site 44CF0680 ..................................................................... 4-217

4.7.15 Newly Identified Site 44HE1202 ........................................................................... 4-219

4.7.15.1 Site Description ........................................................................................ 4-219

4.7.15.2 Evaluation and Significance ................................................................... 4-222

4.7.16 Newly Identified Site 44HE1203 ........................................................................... 4-222

4.7.16.1 Site Description ........................................................................................ 4-222

4.7.16.2 Evaluation and Significance ................................................................... 4-225

4.7.17 Newly Identified Site 44HE1204 ........................................................................... 4-227

4.7.17.1 Site Description ........................................................................................ 4-227

4.7.17.2 Evaluation and Significance ................................................................... 4-230

5. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 5-1

6. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 6-1

APPENDIX A: MAPS DETAILING ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS .............................................. A-1

APPENDIX B: SHOVEL TEST CATALOG ........................................................................................ B-1

APPENDIX C: ARTIFACT CATALOG ............................................................................................... C-1

APPENDIX D: STATE LANDS PERMIT ............................................................................................ D-1
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D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail vi Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

APPENDIX E: NEWLY RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FORMS .................................. E-1

APPENDIX F: QUALIFICATIONS OF THE INVESTIGATORS ..................................................... F-1

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 1-1: DC2RVA Project Corridor ............................................................................................. 1-2

Figure 1-2: DC2RVA Project Corridor ............................................................................................. 1-4

Figure 1-3: Overview of the DC2RVA Project Area ...................................................................... 1-5

Figure 2-1: Archaeological Areas within DC2RVA Project Area 2.............................................. 2-2

Figure 2-2: Archaeological Areas within DC2RVA Project Area 3.............................................. 2-3

Figure 2-3: Archaeological Areas within DC2RVA Project Area 4.............................................. 2-4

Figure 2-4: Archaeological Areas within DC2RVA Project Area 5.............................................. 2-5

Figure 2-5: Archaeological Areas within DC2RVA Project Area 6.............................................. 2-6

Figure 4-1: Examples of Common Disturbances Noted Throughout the APE (Upper Left: 

Utility Line Corridors; Upper Right: Steep Slopes; Lower Left Access Roads; 

Lower Right: Standing Water) ...................................................................................... 4-3

Figure 4-2: Typical Environmental Setting in AREA 1, Looking East ........................................ 4-4

Figure 4-3: Representative View of AREA 2 Setting, Looking Northeast .................................. 4-5

Figure 4-4: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2a (Map 1 of 3) ............................................ 4-7

Figure 4-5: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2a (Map 2 of 3) ............................................ 4-8

Figure 4-6: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2a (Map 3 of 3) ............................................ 4-9

Figure 4-7: Steep Slope in Area 2a, Looking East......................................................................... 4-10

Figure 4-8: Steep Slope and Buried Utility Disturbance in Area 2a, Looking North ............. 4-10

Figure 4-9: Typical Setting in Archaeological Area 2b, Looking South .................................... 4-11

Figure 4-10: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2b (Map 1 of 1) .......................................... 4-12

Figure 4-11: Disturbance from Buried Utilities in Northern Portion of area 2c, 

Looking North ............................................................................................................... 4-13

Figure 4-12: Steep SLope and Buried Utility Disturbance in Southern Portion of 

Archaeological Area 2c, Looking East ....................................................................... 4-14

Figure 4-13: Portion of Area 2C Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking South ................... 4-14

Figure 4-14: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2c (Map 1 of 2) .......................................... 4-15

Figure 4-15: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2c (Map 2 of 2) .......................................... 4-16

Figure 4-16: Representative Soil Profile from Area 2c, STP 2c-C-2 ............................................. 4-17

Figure 4-17: Portion of Area 2d Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking North ................... 4-18

Figure 4-18: Steep Slope in Area 2d, Looking North ..................................................................... 4-18

Figure 4-19: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2d (Map 1 of 1) ......................................... 4-19
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D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail vii Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Figure 4-20: Representative Soil Profile from Area 2d, STP 2d-B-4 ............................................ 4-20

Figure 4-21: Disturbance from Buried Utilities in Area 2e, Looking West ................................. 4-21

Figure 4-22: Portion of Area 2e Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking North .................... 4-22

Figure 4-23: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2e (Map 1 of 2) .......................................... 4-23

Figure 4-24: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2e (Map 2 of 2) .......................................... 4-24

Figure 4-25: Representative Soil Profile from Area 2e, STP 2e-A-5 ............................................. 4-25

Figure 4-26: Steep Slope Disturbance in Area 2f, Looking South ................................................ 4-26

Figure 4-27: Portion of Area 2f Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking South ..................... 4-26

Figure 4-28: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2f (Map 1 of 2) ........................................... 4-27

Figure 4-29: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2f (Map 2 of 2) ........................................... 4-28

Figure 4-30: Representative Soil Profile from Area 2f, STP 2f-A-15 ............................................ 4-29

Figure 4-31: Typical setting in Area 2g, Looking South ................................................................ 4-30

Figure 4-32: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2g (Map 1 of 2) .......................................... 4-31

Figure 4-33: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2g (Map 2 of 2) .......................................... 4-32

Figure 4-34: Representative Soil Profile from Area 2g, STP 2g-A-1 ............................................ 4-33

Figure 4-35: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2h (Map 1 of 3) .......................................... 4-34

Figure 4-36: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2h (Map 2 of 3) .......................................... 4-35

Figure 4-37: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2h (Map 3 of 3) .......................................... 4-36

Figure 4-38: Steep Slope and Disturbance From Buried Utilities in Area 2h, 

Looking South ............................................................................................................... 4-37

Figure 4-39: Disturbance from Buried Utilities in Area 2i, Looking North ................................ 4-38

Figure 4-40: Disturbance from Road Grading in Area 2i, Looking South .................................. 4-38

Figure 4-41: Portion of Area 2i Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking East ........................ 4-39

Figure 4-42: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2i (Map 1 of 5) ........................................... 4-40

Figure 4-43: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2i (Map 2 of 5) ........................................... 4-41

Figure 4-44: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2i (Map 3 of 5) ........................................... 4-42

Figure 4-45: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2i (Map 4 of 5) ........................................... 4-43

Figure 4-46: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2i (Map 5 of 5) ........................................... 4-44

Figure 4-47: Representative Soil Profile from Area 2i, STP 2i-L-4 ............................................... 4-45

Figure 4-48: Portion of Area 2j Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking North ..................... 4-46

Figure 4-49: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2j (Map 1 of 2) ........................................... 4-47

Figure 4-50: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2j (Map 2 of 2) ........................................... 4-48

Figure 4-51: Representative Soil Profile from Area 2j, STP 2j-A-7 ............................................... 4-49

Figure 4-52: Buried Utility Disturbance in Area 2k, Looking North ........................................... 4-50

Figure 4-53: Portion of Area 2k Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking North ................... 4-50

Figure 4-54: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 1 of 11) ........................................ 4-51

Figure 4-55: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 2 of 11) ........................................ 4-52

Figure 4-56: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 3 of 11) ........................................ 4-53

Figure 4-57: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 4 of 11) ........................................ 4-54
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D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail viii Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

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Figure 4-58: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 5 of 11) ........................................ 4-55

Figure 4-59: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 6 of 11) ........................................ 4-56

Figure 4-60: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 7 of 11) ........................................ 4-57

Figure 4-61: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 8 of 11) ........................................ 4-58

Figure 4-62: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 9 of 11) ........................................ 4-59

Figure 4-63: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 10 of 11) ...................................... 4-60

Figure 4-64: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 2k (Map 11 of 11) ...................................... 4-61

Figure 4-65: Representative Soil Profile from Area 2k, STP 2k-W-4 ........................................... 4-62

Figure 4-66: Site 44PW1008 ............................................................................................................... 4-63

Figure 4-67: Overview of Site 44PW1008 within APE, Looking North ...................................... 4-64

Figure 4-68: Sites 44ST0270, 44ST0271, and 44ST1223 ................................................................... 4-65

Figure 4-69: Overview of Site 44ST0270 within APE, Looking West .......................................... 4-66

Figure 4-70: Overview of Site 44ST0271 within APE, Looking West .......................................... 4-67

Figure 4-71: General View of Site 44ST1223, Looking Northwest ............................................... 4-68

Figure 4-72: Representative STP Profile for Site 44ST1223 ........................................................... 4-69

Figure 4-73: Site 44ST1224/089-5624 ............................................................................................... 4-70

Figure 4-74: Site 44ST1224/089-5624, Looking North ................................................................... 4-71

Figure 4-75: Site 44ST1224, William Daffan Headstone Detail .................................................... 4-72

Figure 4-76: Site 44ST1224, Unknown Headstone Detail .............................................................. 4-72

Figure 4-77: Site 44ST1224, Ann M. Burrus Headstone Detail ..................................................... 4-73

Figure 4-78: Site 44ST1224, Hugh W. Daffan Headstone Detail (Left) and Unknown 

Headstone Detail (Right) ............................................................................................. 4-73

Figure 4-79: Representative View of Area 3 Setting, Looking Northeast ................................... 4-75

Figure 4-80: Steep Slope in Area 3a, looking South ....................................................................... 4-76

Figure 4-81: Portion of Area 3a Subjected to Subsurface Testing, looking North ..................... 4-76

Figure 4-82: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3a (Map 1 of 2) .......................................... 4-77

Figure 4-83: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3a (Map 2 of 2) .......................................... 4-78

Figure 4-84: Representative Soil Profile from Area 3a, STP 3a-D-7 ............................................. 4-79

Figure 4-85: Steep Slope in Area 3b, Looking West ....................................................................... 4-80

Figure 4-86: Portion of Area 3b Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking North ................... 4-80

Figure 4-87: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3b (Map 1 of 1) .......................................... 4-81

Figure 4-88: Buried Utility Disturbance in Area 3c, Looking West ............................................. 4-82

Figure 4-89: Portion of Area 3c Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking North .................... 4-83

Figure 4-90: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3c (Map 1 of 3) .......................................... 4-84

Figure 4-91: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3c (Map 2 of 3) .......................................... 4-85

Figure 4-92: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3c (Map 3 of 3) .......................................... 4-86

Figure 4-93: Representative Soil Profile from Area 3c, STP 3c-D-2 ............................................. 4-87

Figure 4-94: Portion of Area 3d Subjected to Subsurface Testing, looking North .................... 4-88

Figure 4-95: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3d (Map 1 of 1) ......................................... 4-89
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D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail ix Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

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Figure 4-96: Representative Soil Profile from Area 3d, STP 3d-A-1 ............................................ 4-90

Figure 4-97: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3e (Map 1 of 1) .......................................... 4-91

Figure 4-98: Typical Setting in Portions of Area 3f Subjected to Subsurface Testing, 

Looking North ............................................................................................................... 4-92

Figure 4-99: Road and Buried Utility Disturbance in Area 3f, Looking South .......................... 4-93

Figure 4-100: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3f (Map 1 of 10) ......................................... 4-94

Figure 4-101: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3F (Map 2 of 10) ........................................ 4-95

Figure 4-102: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3f (Map 3 of 10) ......................................... 4-96

Figure 4-103: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3f (Map 4 of 10) ......................................... 4-97

Figure 4-104: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3f (Map 5 of 10) ......................................... 4-98

Figure 4-105: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3f (Map 6 of 10) ......................................... 4-99

Figure 4-106: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3f (Map 7 of 10) ....................................... 4-100

Figure 4-107: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3f (Map 8 of 10) ....................................... 4-101

Figure 4-108: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3f (Map 9 of 10) ....................................... 4-102

Figure 4-109: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 3f (Map 10 of 10) ..................................... 4-103

Figure 4-110: Representative Soil Profile from Area 3f, STP 3f-D-51 .......................................... 4-104

Figure 4-111: Sites 44ST0011, 44SP0187, 44SP0687, and 44SP0688 .............................................. 4-105

Figure 4-113: Detail from O’Sullivan’s (1863) Photograph Showing a View of 

Fredericksburg Across the Rappahannock River Showing a Mill Adjacent 

to the Railroad Bridge ................................................................................................ 4-107

Figure 4-114: Detail from Gray’s New Map of Fredericksburg (1878) ............................................. 4-108

Figure 4-115: Detail of an 1856 Bird’s Eye View of Fredericksburg, Virginia, View 2986 ....... 4-109

Figure 4-116: Detail from View of Fredericksburg, Va. Nov. 1862 ................................................... 4-109

Figure 4-117: Sophia Street Showing Marked Utility Line, Looking Southwest ....................... 4-110

Figure 4-118: Edge of the Ridge and Slope Down to the Rappahannock River, 

Looking Southeast ...................................................................................................... 4-110

Figure 4-119: Floodplain Portion of Site 44ST0187, Looking Southeast ..................................... 4-111

Figure 4-120: Representative Soil Profile from Site 44SP0187 ...................................................... 4-112

Figure 4-121: Overview of Site 44SP0688 within APE, Looking West ........................................ 4-113

Figure 4-122: Overview of Sites 44SP0688 and 44SP0687, Looking Southeast .......................... 4-113

Figure 4-123: Site 44SP0468 ............................................................................................................... 4-115

Figure 4-124: Metal Detector Survey in Site 44SP0468, Looking Northeast ............................... 4-116

Figure 4-125: General View of Site 44SP0767, Facing Northwest ................................................ 4-117

Figure 4-126: Sites 44SP0767 and 44SP0768 .................................................................................... 4-118

Figure 4-127: Representative STP Profile from Site 44SP0767 ...................................................... 4-119

Figure 4-128: Site 44SP0768/088-5511, Looking South ................................................................. 4-120

Figure 4-129: Site 44SP0768/088-5511, Headstone Details ........................................................... 4-121

Figure 4-130: Site 44SP0768/088-5511, Fencepost Detail .............................................................. 4-121

Figure 4-131: Representative View of Area 4 Setting, Looking North ........................................ 4-122
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D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail x Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

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Figure 4-132: Buried Utility Disturbance and Slope in Area 4b, Looking North ...................... 4-123

Figure 4-133: Portion of Area 4b Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking South .................. 4-124

Figure 4-134: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4b (Map 1 of 2) ........................................ 4-125

Figure 4-135: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4b (Map 2 of 2) ........................................ 4-126

Figure 4-136: Representative Soil Profile from Area 4b, STP 4b-A-4 .......................................... 4-127

Figure 5-137: Eastern Portion of Area 4c, Looking East ................................................................ 4-128

Figure 4-138: Western Section of Area 4c, Looking North ........................................................... 4-128

Figure 4-139: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4c (Map 1 of 3) ........................................ 4-129

Figure 4-140: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4c (Map 2 of 3) ........................................ 4-130

Figure 4-141: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4c (Map 3 of 3) ........................................ 4-131

Figure 4-142: Steep Slope and Buried Utility Disturbance in Area 4d, Looking South ............ 4-132

Figure 4-143: Portion of Area 4d Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking North ................. 4-133

Figure 4-144: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4d (Map 1 of 3) ....................................... 4-134

Figure 4-145: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4d (Map 2 of 3) ....................................... 4-135

Figure 4-146: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4d (Map 3 of 3) ....................................... 4-136

Figure 4-147: Disturbed Soils in Area 4d STP................................................................................. 4-137

Figure 4-148: Representative Soil Profile from Area 4d, STP 4d-E-1 .......................................... 4-137

Figure 4-149: Inundated Portion of Area 4e, Looking South ....................................................... 4-138

Figure 4-150: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4e (Map 1 of 1) ........................................ 4-139

Figure 4-151: Utility Disturbance in Area 4f, Looking North (Slope to Rail on Left) ............... 4-140

Figure 4-152: Portion of Area 4f Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking North ................. 4-141

Figure 4-153: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4f (Map 1 of 2) ......................................... 4-142

Figure 4-154: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 4f (Map 2 of 2) ......................................... 4-143

Figure 4-155: Disturbed STP in Area 4f ........................................................................................... 4-144

Figure 4-156: Representative Soil Profile from Area 4f, STP 4f-A-5 ............................................ 4-144

Figure 4-157: Representative View of Area 5 Setting, Looking North ........................................ 4-145

Figure 4-158: Road Construction Grading Disturbance in Area 5a, Looking Northwest ........ 4-146

Figure 4-159: Portion of Area 5a Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking East ..................... 4-147

Figure 4-160: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5a (Map 1 of 5) ........................................ 4-148

Figure 4-161: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5a (Map 2 of 5) ........................................ 4-149

Figure 4-162: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5a (Map 3 of 5) ........................................ 4-150

Figure 4-163: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5a (Map 4 of 5) ........................................ 4-151

Figure 4-164: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5a (Map 5 of 5) ........................................ 4-152

Figure 4-165: Representative Soil Profile from Area 5a, STP 5a-A-2 ........................................... 4-153

Figure 4-166: Road Construction Disturbance in Area 5b, Looking East ................................... 4-154

Figure 4-167: Portion of Area 5b Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking West ................... 4-154

Figure 4-168: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5b (Map 1 of 7) ........................................ 4-155

Figure 4-169: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5b (Map 2 of 7) ........................................ 4-156

Figure 4-170: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5b (Map 3 of 7) ........................................ 4-157
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail xi Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Figure 4-171: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5b (Map 4 of 7) ........................................ 4-158

Figure 4-172: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5b (Map 5 of 7) ........................................ 4-159

Figure 4-173: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5b (Map 6 of 7) ........................................ 4-160

Figure 4-174: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5b (Map 7 of 7) ........................................ 4-161

Figure 4-175: Representative Soil Profile from Area 5b, STP 5b-X-3 ........................................... 4-162

Figure 4-176: Overview of Area 5c, Looking West ........................................................................ 4-163

Figure 4-177: Pasture Containing Largest Portion of Area 5c Subjected to Subsurface 

Testing, Looking North .............................................................................................. 4-163

Figure 4-178: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5c (Map 1 of 3) ........................................ 4-164

Figure 4-179: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5c (Map 2 of 3) ........................................ 4-165

Figure 4-180: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 5c (Map 3 of 3) ........................................ 4-166

Figure 4-181: Representative Soil Profile from Area 5c, STP 5c-C-12 ......................................... 4-167

Figure 4-182: Typical Setting in Area 6, Looking West ................................................................. 4-168

Figure 4-183: Railroad and Road Construction Disturbance Along Hungary Road in 

Area 6a, Looking East ................................................................................................ 4-169

Figure 4-184: Inundation Portion of Area 6a, Looking South ...................................................... 4-169

Figure 4-185: Portion of Area 6a Subjected to Subsurface Testing, North of 

Hungary Road, Looking North ................................................................................ 4-170

Figure 4-186: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6a (Map 1 of 4) ........................................ 4-171

Figure 4-187: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6a (Map 2 of 4) ........................................ 4-172

Figure 4-188: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6a (Map 3 of 4) ........................................ 4-173

Figure 4-189: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6a (Map 4 of 4) ........................................ 4-174

Figure 4-190: Representative Soil Profile from Area 6a, STP 6a-U-5 ........................................... 4-175

Figure 4-191: Amtrak Station Construction Disturbance in Area 6b, Looking Southeast ....... 4-176

Figure 4-192: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6b (Map 1 of 2) ........................................ 4-177

Figure 4-193: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6b (Map 2 of 2) ........................................ 4-178

Figure 4-194: Road Construction and Buried Utility Disturbance in Area 6c Along 

Dumbarton Road, Looking west .............................................................................. 4-179

Figure 4-195: Area 6c Along CSXT Rail, Looking South ............................................................... 4-180

Figure 4-196: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6c (Map 1 of 2) ........................................ 4-181

Figure 4-197: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6c (Map 2 of 2) ........................................ 4-182

Figure 4-198: Overview of Area 6d, Looking Northwest ............................................................. 4-183

Figure 4-199: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6d (Map 1 of 1) ....................................... 4-184

Figure 4-200: Overview of Area 6e, Looking Northwest .............................................................. 4-185

Figure 4-201: Road Running Through Area 6e, Looking North .................................................. 4-186

Figure 4-202: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6e (Map 1 of 3) ........................................ 4-187

Figure 4-203: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6e (Map 2 of 3) ........................................ 4-188

Figure 4-204: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6e (Map 3 of 3) ........................................ 4-189
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail xii Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Figure 4-205: Road Construction and Slope disturbance in Area 6f Along Commerce 

Road, Looking Northeast .......................................................................................... 4-190

Figure 4-206: Portion of Area 6f Subjected to Subsurface Testing, Looking South ................... 4-191

Figure 4-207: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6f (Map 1 of 4) ......................................... 4-192

Figure 4-208: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6f (Map 2 of 4) ......................................... 4-193

Figure 4-209: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6f (Map 3 of 4) ......................................... 4-194

Figure 4-210: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6f (Map 4 of 4) ......................................... 4-195

Figure 4-211: Representative Soil Profile from Area 6f, STP 6f-A-2 ............................................ 4-196

Figure 4-212: Grading of Overpass in Area 6g on Elliham Avenue, Looking West ................. 4-197

Figure 4-213: Portion of Area 6g, North of Elliham Avenue, subjected to Subsurface 

Testing, Looking North .............................................................................................. 4-197

Figure 4-214: Grading from Overpass, within Proctors Creek Battlefield, Looking East ....... 4-198

Figure 4-215: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6g (Map 1 of 3) ........................................ 4-199

Figure 4-216: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6g (Map 2 of 3) ........................................ 4-200

Figure 4-217: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6g (Map 3 of 3) ........................................ 4-201

Figure 4-218: Representative Soil Profile from Area 6g, STP 6g-A-3 .......................................... 4-202

Figure 4-219: Utility and Rail Construction Disturbance along CSXT Corridor in 

Area 6h, Looking South ............................................................................................. 4-203

Figure 4-220: View from APE in Area 6h Looking West Toward Location oF 44CF0680 ........ 4-203

Figure 4-221: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6h (Map 1 of 3) ........................................ 4-204

Figure 4-222: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6h (Map 2 of 3) ........................................ 4-205

Figure 4-223: Survey Results in Archaeological Area 6h (Map 3 of 3) ........................................ 4-206

Figure 4-224: Representative Soil Profile from Area 6g, STP 6h-A-1 .......................................... 4-207

Figure 4-225: Sites 44HE1098, 44HE1097, 44HE0357, 44HE1094, and 44CF0123 ...................... 4-208

Figure 4-226: Overview of Site 44HE0357, Looking West ............................................................ 4-209

Figure 4-227: Overview of Site 44HE1094, Looking West ............................................................ 4-210

Figure 4-228: Overview of Site 44HE1098, Looking North (Top); Overview of 

Sites 44hE1097 and 44HE1098, Looking North (Bottom) ...................................... 4-211

Figure 4-229: Site 44CF0022............................................................................................................... 4-213

Figure 4-230: Overview of Site 44CF0022 within APE, Looking North ...................................... 4-214

Figure 4-231: Overview of Site 44CF0123 within APE, Looking West ....................................... 4-215

Figure 4-232: Site 44CF0260............................................................................................................... 4-216

Figure 4-233: Overview of Site 44CF0260 within APE, Looking South ...................................... 4-217

Figure 4-234: Site 44CF0680............................................................................................................... 4-218

Figure 4-235: Site 44HE1202 .............................................................................................................. 4-220

Figure 4-236: General View of Site 44HE1202, Facing North ....................................................... 4-221

Figure 4-237: Representative STP Profile for Site 44HE1202 ........................................................ 4-221

Figure 4-238: Sites 44HE1203 and 44HE1204 .................................................................................. 4-223

Figure 4-239: Site 44HE1203 Bates 1835 Historic Map Overlay ................................................... 4-224
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail xiii Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Figure 4-240: Overview of Site 44HE1203 Noting Grading of Hospital Steet, 

Looking East ................................................................................................................ 4-226

Figure 4-241: Site 44HE1203, Assumed Intact Portion of the Site (at the Crest of the 

Valley Slope) is Circled in Red, Looking West ....................................................... 4-227

Figure 4-242: Site 44HE1204 Bates 1835 Historic Map Overlay ................................................... 4-228

Figure 4-243: Overview of Site 44HE1204, Noting Buried Utility Corridor, Modern 

Road, and Railroad Disturbance, Looking Southeast ............................................ 4-229

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 2-1: Phase IB Archaeological Areas ............................................................................................ 2-1

Table 5-1: Summary of Identified Archaeological Sites ..................................................................... 5-2
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

INTRODUCTION 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), a member of the DC2RVA Project Team, 

and on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (DRPT), 

conducted a Phase IB archaeological survey of the Arlington (Area 1) through Richmond (Area 

6) areas of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond (DC2RVA) high speed rail Preferred Alternative. 

The project is being completed as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) File #2014-

0666. 

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and DRPT propose passenger rail service and rail 

infrastructure improvements in the north-south travel corridor between Washington, D.C. and 

Richmond, VA. These passenger rail service and rail infrastructure improvements are collectively 

known as the DC2RVA project (Project). The Project will deliver higher speed passenger rail 

service, increase passenger and freight rail capacity, and improve passenger rail service frequency 

and reliability in a corridor shared by growing volumes of passenger, commuter, and freight rail 

traffic, thereby providing a competitive option for travelers going between Washington, D.C. and 

Richmond and those traveling to and from adjacent connecting corridors. The Project is part of 

the larger Southeast High Speed Rail (SEHSR) corridor (Figure 1-1), which extends from 

Washington, D.C. through Richmond, VA, and from Richmond continues east to Hampton Roads 

(Norfolk), VA and south to Raleigh, NC, and Charlotte, NC, and then continues west to Atlanta 

and south to Florida. The Project connects to the National Railroad Passenger Corporation 

(Amtrak) Northeast Corridor (NEC) at Union Station in Washington, D.C. 

The purpose of the SEHSR program, as stated in the 2002 Tier I Final Environmental Impact 

Statement (EIS) completed for the full SEHSR corridor, is to provide a competitive transportation 

choice to travelers within the Washington, D.C. to Charlotte travel corridor. The purpose of the 

current Washington, D.C. to Richmond SEHSR project described here is to fulfill the purpose of 

the SEHSR Tier I EIS within this segment of the larger SEHSR corridor. The Project, by increasing 

rail capacity and improving travel times between Washington, D.C. and Richmond, will improve 

passenger train performance and reliability in the corridor, enabling intercity passenger rail to be 

a competitive transportation choice for travelers between Washington, D.C. and Richmond, and 

beyond. 

Given FRA’s funding involvement and permitting through various other federal agencies, the 

Project is required to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, 

as amended, and its implementing regulations under 36CFR800. Additionally, all cultural 

resource work was designed to comply with the Virginia Antiquities Act (Code of Virginia § 10.1-

2300) and guidelines and regulations promulgated by the DHR as necessary. 

 

1 
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Centralia !(

Atlanta

Raleigh

Columbia

Richmond

Charlotte

Jacksonville

Washington D.C.

Cary

Jesup

Taccoa

Durham

Denmark

Savannah

Gastonia

Salisbury

Greensboro

Burlington

Petersburg

Gainesville

Spartansburg

Hampton Roads

Fredericksburg

Kannapolis

\\cltsmain\GIS_DATA\GIS\Projects\011545_VADeptofRails-PublicTransportation\0239056_RAPS-4AltDev-ConceptEng\map_docs\mxd\Dovetail Figures\Fig1-1_SEHSRCorridor_8.5x11.mxd | Last Updated: 06.11.2015

Overview of the

SEHSR Corridor

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 40 80

Miles

Basemap Source: 2014

ESRI World Light Gray Base

Figure 1-1

1 inch=80 miles

@ 8.5 x 11 inches

Southeast High

Speed Rail (SEHSR)

Segment Status

Charlotte to

Atlanta

Tier I EIS

Washington

D.C. to

Richmond

Tier II EIS

Richmond to

Raleigh

Tier II EIS

Raleigh to

Charlotte

Richmond to

Hampton

Roads

Tier I EIS

SEHSR

Extended

Feasibility Studies

Complete
INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-3 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

1.1 PROJECT LOCATION 

The Washington, D.C. to Richmond corridor spans 123 miles (198 km) along an existing rail 

corridor owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) between Control Point RO (milepost [MP] CFP 

110) in Arlington, VA to the CSXT A-Line and S-Line junction at MP A-11 in Centralia, VA 

(Chesterfield County) (Figure 1-2). For the purposes of engineering and environmental planning, 

the Preferred Alternative has been subdivided into six areas that correspond with improvements 

and have been named and numbered 1–6 from north to south (Figure 1-3). In previous 

archaeological reports associated with the DC2RVA corridor (Klein at el. 2015; McCloskey et al. 

2016) the corridor was subdivided into 22 segments. These 22 divisions have since been 

reorganized and incorporated into the existing 6 areas; in an effort to be consistent with the Tier 

II draft EIS and the impending Tier II final EIS these 6 areas have been used for the purposes of 

the current archaeological investigation. 

At the northern terminus in Arlington, VA, the Project limit ends at the southern approach to 

Long Bridge, a double-track rail bridge taking the rail corridor over the Potomac River; however, 

the northern terminus of Union Station in Washington, D.C. will be used for ridership and 

revenue forecasting, as well as service development planning within the Project corridor. The 

southern terminus in Centralia is the junction of two CSXT routes that begin in Richmond and 

rejoin approximately 11 miles (17.7 km) south of the city. Proposed improvements are along 

CSXT-owned track, generally parallel to the I-95 corridor between northern Virginia and 

Richmond. From north to south, the project travels through the following counties and cities: 

 Arlington County 

 City of Alexandria 

 Fairfax County 

 Prince William County 

 Stafford County 

 City of Fredericksburg 

 Spotsylvania County 

 Caroline County 

 Hanover County 

 Henrico County 

 City of Richmond 

 Chesterfield County 

In Arlington, the Project connects to existing CSXT track extending across the Potomac River on 

the Long Bridge into Washington, D.C. and Union Station, the southern terminus of Amtrak’s 

NEC. At Centralia, the Project connects to both the Richmond to Raleigh segment of the SEHSR 

corridor and the Richmond to Hampton Roads segment of the SEHSR corridor. The Washington, 

D.C. to Richmond segment is an integral part of the overall Washington, D.C. to Charlotte SEHSR 

corridor and provides a critical link between high speed intercity passenger service from Boston 

to Washington, D.C. and the southeastern United States. 
\\cltsmain\GIS_DATA\GIS\Projects\011545_VADeptofRails-PublicTransportation\0239056_RAPS-4AltDev-ConceptEng\map_docs\mxd\Dovetail Figures\Fig1-2_DC2RVAProjectCorridor_8.5x11.mxd | Last Updated: 06.10.2015

Overview of the

DC2RVA Project

Corridor

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 7 14

Miles

DC2RVA Project

Corridor

Virginia Rail Lines

1 inch=14 miles

@ 8.5 x 11 inches

Figure 1-2

Basemap Source: 2015 Bing Maps

Road (Microsoft Corporation

and its data suppliers)

RF&P

RF&P

A-Line

Buckingham

Branch

Railroad

AM Junction

S-Line

Peninsula

Subdivision

Doswell

Centralia

Arlington

(RO)

Acca

Yard
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Legend

Area 1: Arlington (Long

Bridge Approach)

(CFP 110 - CFP 109.3)

Area 2: Northern

Virginia

(CFP 109.3 - CFP 62)

Area 3: Fredericksburg

(CFP 62 - CFP 48)

Area 4: Central Virginia

(CFP 48 - CFP 19)

Area 5: Ashland

(CFP 19 - CFP 9)

Area 6: Richmond

(CFP 9 - A 011)

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

Base Mapping: 2015 USGS

Topographic Map

Figure 1-3

DC2RVA Project Areas of

the Preferred Alternative

[ 0 5 10

Miles

0 10 20

Kilometers

FAIRFAX

COUNTY

PRINCE WILLIAM

COUNTY

STAFFORD

COUNTY

SPOTSYLVANIA

COUNTY

CAROLINE

COUNTY

HANOVER

COUNTY

HENRICO

COUNTY

Richmond

CHESTERFIELD

COUNTY

Town of 

Ashland

Arlington

MARYLAND

WASHINGTON, D.C.

CFP 110

CFP 109.3

CFP 062

CFP 048

CFP 019

CFP 009

A 011

Potomac River

04/2018
INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-6 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

1.2 DC2RVA PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

The Project will include specific rail infrastructure improvements and service upgrades intended 

to improve the travel time, service frequency, and on-time performance of passenger trains 

operating between Washington, D.C. and Richmond, VA. Specific improvements to the existing 

rail infrastructure between Arlington, VA, and Centralia, VA include: 

 Corridor-wide upgrades to existing track and signal systems to achieve higher operating 

speeds, including curve realignments, higher-speed crossovers between tracks, passing 

sidings, and grade crossing improvements. 

 Corridor-wide improvements to train operating capacity to achieve higher passenger 

train service frequency and reliability, including an additional main track along most of 

the corridor, and additional controlled sidings, crossovers, yard bypasses and leads, and 

other capacity and reliability improvements at certain locations. 

 Station and platform improvements for Amtrak and Virginia Railway Express (VRE) 

stations. 

Environmental studies (the Tier II EIS) in support of the Project continue to assess the 

environmental impacts of these improvements and identify ways to avoid, minimize, or 

otherwise mitigate such impacts. 

Studies in support of the Project will address passenger and freight rail operations and service 

between Union Station in Washington, D.C. and Richmond and beyond, but the Project does not 

include physical improvements to the Long Bridge across the Potomac River or to rail 

infrastructure within Washington, D.C. Other projects will address improvements to the rail 

infrastructure north of Arlington and south of Centralia along the SEHSR corridor. 

1.3 PREVIOUS SURVEYS AND CURRENT STUDY 

The DC2RVA Team has been conducting Phase I-level cultural resource studies for the entire 123-

mile (198 km) DC2RVA corridor since December 2014. These include Phase IA and Phase IB 

archaeological surveys and reconnaissance-level architectural studies. To date, the findings have 

been detailed in two archaeology reports and 16 architectural reports. The current study included 

a Phase IB archaeological survey of LOD expansion areas within the Preferred Alternative of the 

DC2RVA corridor in any part of the APE that was not included in a previous document. 

Environmental Context, Historic Context, and Background Review sections for the overall project 

corridor are not included, as this information was presented in previous DC2RVA project reports 

(e.g., Klein at al. 2015; McCloskey et al. 2016). The results of the architectural survey, examining 

all above-ground resources, spanning the entire 123-mile (198 km) corridor are discussed in 

separate documents (e.g., Anderson and Staton 2016; Manning et al. 2016; Manning and Salvato 

2016; Peckler 2016; Staton et al. 2016a; Staton et al. 2016b; Staton and Lesiuk 2015; Sylvester and 

Staton 2016) 

The current archaeological study comprises a Phase IB survey of the DC2RVA corridor based on 

the results of previous Phase IA (Klein at al. 2015) and Phase IB (McCloskey et al. 2016) 

archaeological studies of the corridor, including predictive modeling. The archaeological APE for 

the DC2RVA project, as defined in consultation with the DHR, includes the footprint of physical 

improvements associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any 
INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-7 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

associated roadwork. Since the conclusion of the previous Phase IB archaeological work, a draft 

EIS resulting in the selection of a Preferred Alternative has been completed. Additionally, 

engineering and design work has been completed for the corridor resulting in the definition of 

the physical footprint of improvements for the selected Preferred Alternative, including all road 

modifications, straightening of curves, the addition of wyes, proposed station locations, parking 

areas, etc. As such, the APE studied as part of the current report was defined by the LOD of the 

Preferred Alternative and is located generally along the existing 123-mile (198-km) CSXT rail 

corridor. 

The cultural resource survey was conducted from February to April 2018. The fieldwork was 

conducted by Kevin McCloskey, Emily Calhoun, Kerry González, Mike Klein, Jonas Schnur, 

Theresa Ulrich, Bryce Matheny, and Jordan Scott, with Kerri S. Barile serving as Principal 

Investigator. Drs. Barile and Klein, as well as Ms. Calhoun and Ms. González, meet or exceed the 

standards established for Archaeologists by the Secretary of the Interior (SOI). 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT ORGANIZATION 

The DC2RVA corridor spans 123 miles (198 km) along an existing rail corridor owned by CSXT 

between Control Point RO (MP CFP 110) in Arlington, VA to the CSXT A-Line and S-Line junction 

at MP A-11 in Centralia, VA (Chesterfield County). The corridor generally parallels the I-95 

corridor between Northern Virginia and Richmond, traversing twelve cities and counties 

(Arlington County, City of Alexandria, Fairfax County, Prince William County, Stafford County, 

City of Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Caroline County, Hanover County, Henrico 

County, City of Richmond, and Chesterfield County). 

For the purposes of engineering and environmental planning, the DC2RVA corridor has been 

subdivided into six areas. Locations within these six areas were designated for archaeological 

survey through a review of modern aerial imagery, comparisons to DHR’s site files, and in light 

of the predictive model created for the 2015 DC2RVA archaeological APE (Klein et al. 2015). Based 

on this analysis, the six DC2RVA project areas were further subdivided for the purposes of the 

current archaeological study, corresponding to discrete locations identified for archaeological 

survey. The archaeological areas subjected to Phase IB study encompassed 158.8 acres (64.3 ha). 

These subdivided locations, referred to as Phase IB archaeological areas, were given alphabetical 

letter designations within each of the larger six DC2RVA project areas (Table 2-1; Figure 2-1 

through Figure 2-5). 

TABLE 2-1: PHASE IB ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS 

Project Area Phase IB Archaeological Areas 

Area 1, Arlington 

Archaeological Areas n/a 

Total Acreage 0 

Area 2, Northern Virginia 

Archaeological Areas 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h ,2i, 2j, and 2k 

Total Acreage 60.9 acres 

Area 3, Fredericksburg 

Archaeological Areas 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f 

Total Acreage 29.5 acres 

Area 4, Central Virginia 

Archaeological Areas 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, and 4f 

Total Acreage 3.9 acres 

Area 5, Ashland 

Archaeological Areas 5a, 5b, and 5c 

Total Acreage 31.7 acres 

Area 6, Richmond 

Archaeological Areas 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g, and 6h 

Total Acreage 32.8 acres 

Note: Revisions to the LOD during the course of fieldwork eliminated the need for archaeological survey in Archaeological Area 4a, so it is not 

discussed or addressed within these results. Source: Dovetail 2018 

2 
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 10,000 20,000

Feet

0 4,000 8,000

Meters

Figure 2-1

Archaeological Areas

within DC2RVA 

Project Area 2

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

2a

2c

2b

2d

2e

2f

2g

2h

2i

2j

2k
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 3,000 6,000

Feet

0 1,000 2,000

Meters

Figure 2-2

Archaeological Areas

within DC2RVA 

Project Area 3

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

3a

3b

3c

3d

3e

3f
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 6,000 12,000

Feet

0 2,000 4,000

Meters

Figure 2-3

Archaeological Areas

within DC2RVA 

Project Area 4

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

4b

4c

4d

4e

4f
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 3,000 6,000

Feet

0 1,000 2,000

Meters

Figure 2-4

Archaeological Areas

within DC2RVA 

Project Area 5

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

5a

5b

5c
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 6,000 12,000

Feet

0 2,000 4,000

Meters

Figure 2-5

Archaeological Areas

within DC2RVA 

Project Area 6

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

6a

6b

6f

6c

6d

6e

6g

6h
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 3-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

SURVEY METHODOLOGY 

The goal of the archaeological survey was to identify any archaeological sites within the 

archaeological APE that are listed in or eligible for the NRHP. The survey methods 

employed to meet this goal were chosen with regard to the project’s scope (i.e., the project’s 

potential to affect significant resources, should they be present), the potential of the project area 

to contain significant resources, local field conditions, documented prior disturbance, the limits 

of previous Phase IB survey, and the results of prior predictive modeling of the APE. 

3.1 PHASE IB ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA SELECTION 

As previously noted, the DC2RVA corridor has been the subject of ongoing cultural resource 

investigations from 2014 to present, including a Phase IA archaeological background review and 

archaeological predictive model (Klein at al. 2015) and a Phase IB archaeological survey of the 

mainline based on modeling (McCloskey et al. 2016). This previous Phase IB investigation 

examined the output locations from the predictive modeling efforts within the APE, defined at 

the time as 50 feet (15.2 m) on both sides of the center of the existing 123-mile (198-km) project 

corridor. This investigation found that the overwhelming majority of the APE was disturbed by 

buried utility corridors, modern development, and grading associated with the railroad. The field 

observations and results from this previous Phase IB investigation helped to inform the selection 

of areas warranting archaeological survey within the LOD of the Preferred Alternative, which 

serves as the APE for the current investigation. The results of this survey combined with 

additional locational and disturbance factors were used to select the areas subjected to Phase IB 

survey within the scope of this project and they include: 

 Proximity and relative location to areas previously identified by predictive modeling to 

have high, medium, and low potential for archaeological deposits 

 Proximity and relative location to previously recorded archaeological sites and battlerelated architectural resources 

 Location relative to the limits of the previous Phase IB APE 

 Topography 

 Location within utility corridors as defined from the previous Phase IB survey 

 Modern disturbance noted on aerial imagery and documented during the previous 

Phase IB survey 

These factors were analyzed and delineated during an intensive GIS-based desktop analysis of 

the Preferred Alternative LOD. The analysis rendered discrete locations throughout the length of 

the corridor that warranted archaeological survey within the scope of the current Phase IB 

investigation. These discrete locations were then grouped for ease of survey, as discussed in the 

following section (3.2 Archaeological Survey). 

3 
SURVEY METHODOLOGY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 3-2 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

During the desktop review discussed above, it became apparent that certain locations along the 

corridor required additional historic map analysis. The predictive model developed by Klein et 

al. (2015) and implemented by McCloskey et al. (2016) consulted and incorporated historic maps 

which shaped the model development and thus were reflected in the output probability locations. 

To mirror this methodology, a variety of historic maps were georeferenced using GIS software 

and used to identify additional locations for archaeological survey in the Fredericksburg and 

Richmond areas of the APE. These locations were targeted for historic map analysis because the 

Preferred Alternative LOD extended well beyond the previous Phase IB APE and a multitude of 

map resources were available for analysis. Other historic locations considered but eliminated 

from analysis due to a lack of LOD modifications/track improvements outside the 2016 Phase IB 

APE (in that their historic map analysis was completed as part of the predictive model), were 

Ashland and Alexandria. 

Historic maps consulted in Fredericksburg included Ferguson (1909), Gray (1878), and Sanborn 

Map Company (1886, 1891, 1896, 1902, 1912, 1919, and 1927). In Richmond maps georeferenced 

included Baist (1889), Bates (1835), Beers (1877), Ludwig (1865), Randal (1922), and Sanborn Map 

Company (1905). These maps were used to note areas within the APE that reflected a historical 

occupation and could yield intact archaeological deposits. Locations identified through this 

analysis were flagged for archaeological survey and in some locations, this analysis resulted in 

the identification of archaeological site boundaries, based purely on historic map projections. 

3.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

As previously discussed, locations within the six DC2RVA project areas were designated for 

archaeological survey through a review of modern aerial imagery, comparisons to DHR’s site 

files, analysis of the Phase IA study and predictive model, and evaluating the results of the prior 

Phase IB survey. The locations indicated by this review, referred to as Phase IB archaeological 

areas, were given alphabetical letter designations within each of the larger six DC2RVA project 

segments. The archaeological areas were designated first by their DC2RVA area number and then 

by their lettered designation assigned as part of this study, for example Archaeological Area A in 

Area 2, Northern Virginia, is notated within this report as “2a”. Shovel test pits (STPs) were 

excavated at 50-foot (15.2-m) intervals along transects across these Phase IB archaeological areas 

within the larger APE. Given the highly disturbed nature of the APE, judgmental shovel testing 

(shovel tests placed not on transect but judgmentally placed given field conditions) was also 

employed in order to maximize subsurface sampling and to verify subsurface integrity. 

Each STP within the archaeological area was given a numerical designation. The provenience 

information for each STP included the archaeological area alphabetical designation, lettered 

transect designation, and the sequential numerical designation. For example, STP 2a-A-1 refers 

to the first STP on the first transect excavated within Area A of Area 2, Northern Virginia. STPs 

were not excavated in areas of obvious modern disturbance. STPs measured approximately 1.3 

feet (38.1 cm) in diameter and were excavated to penetrate at least 0.3 feet (10.2 cm) into sterile 

subsoil where possible. Shovel test radials were excavated at 25-foot (7.6-m) intervals in cardinal 

directions from shovel tests that produced cultural materials. 

All soils excavated from STPs were passed through 0.25-inch (0.6-cm) hardware mesh cloth. Each 

distinct soil horizon was given a stratum designation (e.g., I, II) in order to delineate stratigraphic 

relationships. All artifacts were recovered and bagged by stratum. The project name, area 

designation, transect, STP, stratum, excavator, date, and material recovered were recorded on 
SURVEY METHODOLOGY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 3-3 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

field tags for each level. Soil conditions, weather information, and notations on disturbances were 

recorded in field notes. 

Metal detector survey was carried out within the American Battlefield Protection Program’s 

(ABPP) potential National Register (PotNR)-established boundaries of all Civil War battlefields 

that intersect the Phase IB archaeological areas within the APE. Additionally, judgmental metal 

detector survey was completed in areas deemed to have high probability for containing Civil War 

resources. This assessment of probability was based on the evidence of recent metal detecting 

activity by amateurs and other surface features identified during the pedestrian survey. 

The metal detector surveys were only completed in areas deemed through pedestrian survey to 

have the potential for intact subsurface deposits and thus overlapped the STP survey transects 

within potential Civil War sites. The metal detector surveys were conducted by staff who have 

received specialized training in using metal detectors at Civil War sites, using a Fisher Gold Bug 

and a Tesoro Cibola metal detector. Metal detecting was conducted in a zig-zag pattern along 

transects spaced at 6-foot (1.8-m) intervals. The discriminating function of the metal detector was 

turned off and any positive contacts were identified with pin flags. The locations of all positive 

contacts were excavated to determine if the contact was positive for historic ferrous and/or nonferrous metal artifacts. All contacts positive for artifacts were mapped and, if need be, were used 

to produce artifact distribution maps that show and discriminate between locations of military 

and non-military and possible dual use artifacts. 

3.3 LABORATORY METHODS 

Any archaeological specimens collected during the Phase IB survey were transported to 

Dovetail’s laboratory in Fredericksburg, VA, for processing and analysis. Prior to artifact 

washing, each bag was cross-referenced with the field log to confirm provenience information 

and contents. Stable objects were washed with tap water and a soft brush with special attention 

paid to edges of ceramics and glass to better aid in identification. After washing, the artifacts were 

grouped by provenience and placed on a drying rack. 

Once dry, the artifacts were cataloged for analysis. Specific characteristics were described using 

currently accepted terminology and were entered into an Access database. After cataloging, 

diagnostic artifacts were pulled and directly marked with their provenience information or 

accession number. 

Specific ware types and manufacture dates were identified using Adams (2002), Bartoviks (1980), 

Greer (1970), Nelson (1968), Noël Hume (1991), Pittman et al. (1987), and South (1977). Non-tool 

prehistoric lithics were identified using Andrefsky (1998), Odell (2004), and Whittaker (1994). 

Hafted bifaces and prehistoric ceramics, if recovered, were assigned types using standard 

regional typologies (i.e., Coe 1964; Custer 1989; Ritchie 1971). 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

The archaeological areas subjected to Phase IB study, inclusive of pedestrian and subsurface 

testing, encompass 158.8 acres (64.3 ha). For purposes of this report, areas of archaeological 

testing will be described by their orientation to the existing rail, as that rail is oriented at the 

specific segment location in each area. 

The following discussion first presents a general summary of the extensive disturbance noted 

throughout the APE. Following this discussion, the survey results from each area within the 

DC2RVA preferred alternative corridor are presented inclusive of location, noted disturbance, 

and general results. Within each segment description is a detailed presentation of the 

archaeological areas that warranted subsurface testing, and all of the identified sites are described 

in detail, including NRHP eligibility recommendations. Maps of archaeological areas surveyed 

within the APE are not presented within the body of this results section; instead these are 

presented in Appendix A. Also presented as appendices are the shovel test catalog (Appendix B), 

the artifact catalog (Appendix C), archaeological State Lands Permit (Appendix D), and newly 

recorded archaeological site forms (Appendix E). 

The significance of each site within this survey was evaluated in relation to the NRHP eligibility 

criteria. Sites were evaluated in regards to Criterion A, for their association with events that have 

made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; Criterion B, for their 

association with people significant in our nation’s history; Criterion C, for their embodiment of 

the distinctive characteristics of a style, type, or period of construction; and Criterion D, for their 

potential to yield information important to our understanding of history or prehistory. The seven 

aspects of integrity (location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association) 

were also examined, as they pertain to subsurface deposits and particularly in relation to NRHP 

assessment under Criterion D. 

4.1 DISTURBANCE 

As expected within a project corridor that is so closely aligned with an existing major railroad 

corridor, the archaeological areas subjected to Phase IB survey within the DC2RVA corridor 

contained substantial portions in which subsurface archaeological testing was not warranted (for 

detailed photographs of disturbance within the corridor as a whole, see McCloskey et al. 2016). 

Substantial subsurface disturbance throughout much of the APE rendered systematic shovel 

testing unnecessary, impracticable, or unsafe (Figure 4-1). The single largest source of surface 

disturbance within the corridor is grading associated with the construction and maintenance of 

the existing railroad. A number of other disturbances are found repeatedly throughout the 

corridor, including buried utility transmission lines, access roads, and large areas of standing 

water. 

4 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-2 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Throughout the 123 miles (198 km) of the DC2RVA corridor, the track of the existing railroad and 

associated ballast are largely level, with their topographic relief varying only a few feet across the 

entire length of the corridor. The surrounding natural topographic relief, however, varies 

substantially, from the tops of significant hills to low lying areas near wetlands and streams. To 

maintain the largely level rail line through these topographic variances, a great deal of grading 

has been undertaken. Throughout the DC2RVA corridor, where the existing rail is substantially 

higher than the natural surface, a large artificial berm is required to carry the existing rail at its 

level. Where the rail needs to be lower than the natural surface, it has been cut through leaving 

high walled, steeply sloped embankments leading from the natural topography down to the rail 

bed. The entire width of the APE was often within these graded and thus artificially sloped areas. 

Although the width of the Preferred Alternative corridor often extends substantially further from 

the existing rail than the APE of the 2016 survey (McCloskey et al. 2016), these areas are often 

those in which the grading from the existing rail to the surrounding land is most extreme, and 

therefore even this wider corridor was largely disturbed by grading. Not only are these areas 

disturbed and susceptible to erosion, therefore not likely to contain intact cultural deposits, they 

are also in many cases so steep as to make any kind of subsurface testing entirely impracticable. 

Outside of areas disturbed by grading for the existing railroad, the largest cause of disturbance 

in the DC2RVA archaeological APE is the presence of buried utility corridors. Petroleum 

pipelines and fiber optic cable parallel the existing railroad line on one or both sides and often 

are located within the APE. The prevalence of these buried utility lines precluded subsurface 

testing because of obvious safety reasons; additionally, conversations with utility marking 

personnel knowledgeable about those corridors indicated that their installation involved a great 

deal of subsurface disturbance/earth moving. The petroleum pipeline was described as 

occupying a trench that was cut approximately 20 feet (6.1 m) wide. It is important to note that 

there are many areas within the corridor, in which these buried utilities combine with other 

disturbances, in particular the construction and maintenance grading discussed above. As such, 

in many locations, multiple subsurface disturbances are evident and occupy the entire width of 

the APE. 

Another source of substantial disturbance throughout the length of the DC2RVA corridor is the 

presence of standing water in the archeological APE. Whether as a result of natural streams or as 

a result of drainage from the existing rail corridor accumulating in low-lying or poorly drained 

areas, large portions of the areas identified for Phase IB study were covered in standing water. 

Standing water was present in areas not mapped as being within one of the numerous streams 

that lie in or near the DC2RVA corridor. 

 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-3 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-1: EXAMPLES OF COMMON DISTURBANCES NOTED THROUGHOUT THE APE 

(UPPER LEFT: UTILITY LINE CORRIDORS; UPPER RIGHT: STEEP SLOPES; LOWER LEFT 

ACCESS ROADS; LOWER RIGHT: STANDING WATER) 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-4 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.2 AREA 1: ARLINGTON 

Area 1 of the DC2RVA archaeological APE is located entirely in the City of Arlington (see Figure 

2-1). Extending less than 1 mile (1.6 km), Area 1 follows the existing rail line and runs through 

highly developed areas of Arlington adjacent to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. 

Analysis of the Preferred Alternative compared to the previous DC2RVA Phase IB survey, aerial 

photography, DHR records, and the predictive model from 2016 indicated no additional Phase 

IB survey was warranted in Area 1 as a result of previous disturbance (Figure 4-2). 

FIGURE 4-2: TYPICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING IN AREA 1, LOOKING EAST 

4.3 AREA 2: NORTHERN VIRGINIA 

The Northern Virginia area of the Preferred Alternative encompasses those portions of the LOD 

lying within Arlington, Fairfax, and Prince William Counties, as well as part of the LOD within 

Stafford County (see Figure 2-1). Beginning in the north at the Arlington-Fairfax County Line, 

and ending in the south near Dahlgren Junction, approximately 1-mile (1.6-km) north of the 

Rappahannock River, Area 2 runs along approximately 47 miles (75.6 km) of the existing CSXT 

rail. The Area 2 archaeological APE encompasses 60.9 acres (24.6 ha) identified for archaeological 

survey. 

The setting of the Northern Virginia segment is varied; however, most of the area consists of 

rolling terrain containing young deciduous forest with some stands of pine and varying degrees 

of grasses and brambles (Figure 4-3). Area 2 consists of 11 archaeological areas, lettered 2a 

through 2k, that were identified for Phase IB testing. Of these, Archaeological Areas 2a, 2b, and 

2h required no subsurface testing as these areas were disturbed in their entirety. These areas were 

the subject of pedestrian survey and photo documentation only. The remaining eight 

archaeological areas were subjected to subsurface testing in at least some portions. A number of 

the archaeological areas are crossed by or adjacent to streams, including the Occoquan River and 

Marumsco, Farm, and Neabsco Creeks. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-5 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Like much of the DC2RVA project corridor as a whole, substantial portions of Area 2 were not 

subjected to subsurface testing due to existing soil disturbances. These disturbances mainly 

consisted of the grading and embankments required by the existing railroad. Other disturbances 

included substantial buried fiber optic and petroleum utility transmission lines, and artificial 

ditches. 

FIGURE 4-3: REPRESENTATIVE VIEW OF AREA 2 SETTING, LOOKING NORTHEAST 

The pedestrian survey within Area 2 identified a small family cemetery, recorded as site 

44ST1224/089-5624. Subsequent subsurface testing in the area resulted in the excavation of 156 

shovel tests in Area 2. Stratigraphy varied greatly across this area, as would be expected from 

such a small sample over such a large geographic area. Shovel testing produced no artifacts, but 

seven artifacts were uncovered by metal detecting and a single artifact by surface collection 

within the area, resulting in the identification of one site (44ST1223) and one isolated find (ISF 2e1). Additionally, three previously recorded sites, 44PW1008, 44ST0270, and 44ST0271, not 

previously examined by prior DC2RVA Phase IB survey, intersect Area 2. All previously and 

newly recorded sites are discussed below general descriptions of the archaeological area within 

Area 2. 

4.3.1 Archaeological Area 2a 

Area 2a is made up of four small clusters of areas requiring archaeological study, three lying 

along the southern side of the existing CSXT rail line, in Fairfax County, approximately 1-mile 

(1.6-km) east of the interchange of Interstate Highways 95 (I-95) and 495 (I-495) in Springfield, 

and one lying on the eastern side of the rail, approximately 500 feet (152.4 m) north of Airport 

Access Road in the City of Arlington. All three clusters lie in an area that is extensively developed 

with suburban residential, commercial and industrial construction. Area 2a stretches across 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-6 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

approximately 8.5 miles (13.7 km) of the proposed corridor, through an area where the rail is 

largely oriented east to west, though it does turn to the south at the far eastern end of Area 2a. 

The four areas within this distance, beginning with the northernmost respectively, are 

approximately 560 feet (170.6 m), 600 feet (182.9 m), 310 feet (94.5 m) and 290 feet (88.4 m) long, 

with the widest section reaching 80 feet (24.4 m). Archaeological Area 2a encompasses a total of 

3 acres (1.2 ha). No subsurface testing was conducted within Area 2a, as the entire area was 

disturbed, lying mainly within substantial grade between the surrounding land and the existing 

railroad (Figure 4-4 through Figure 4-6). Disturbance was also caused by multiple buried utilities 

running through the project area (Figure 4-7 and Figure 4-8). No artifacts were found, and no sites 

were discovered. 

 
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Figure 4-4

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2a

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Figure 4-5

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2a

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Figure 4-6

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2a

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-10 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-7: STEEP SLOPE IN AREA 2A, LOOKING EAST 

FIGURE 4-8: STEEP SLOPE AND BURIED UTILITY DISTURBANCE IN AREA 2A, 

LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-11 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.3.2 Archaeological Area 2b 

Archaeological Area 2b, in Fairfax County, is made up of two small strips of APE identified for 

archaeological study, located on the east side of the existing CSXT rail, immediately to the north 

of the Occoquan River. Spanning across a combined length of 700 feet (213.4 m), and with a 

maximum width of 40 feet (12.2 m), Archaeological Area 2b lies in a strip of land paralleling the 

existing rail that has been cleared for a petroleum pipeline. Archaeological Area 2b encompasses 

a total of 0.3 acres (0.1 ha) subjected to Phase IB archaeological survey. The area is relatively level 

in the north but begins to slope down towards the river as it extends to the south. No subsurface 

testing was conducted within Archaeological Area 2b, as the entire area was disturbed, with 

testing precluded by construction grading related to the existing rail, the large trench containing 

the petroleum pipeline, and the slope down to the Occoquan River (Figure 4-9). No artifacts were 

found and no new sites were discovered (Figure 4-10). 

FIGURE 4-9: TYPICAL SETTING IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA 2B, LOOKING SOUTH 
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Figure 4-10

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2b

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-13 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.3.3 Archaeological Area 2c 

Archaeological Area 2c is located in Prince William County, beginning just south of the Occoquan 

River, opposite from Area 2b. This area consists of six discrete sections of areas requiring 

archaeological study lying in two large clusters, one along the east side of the existing rail 

immediately south of the river and one at the intersection of the existing rail with Dawson Beach 

Road in Woodbridge. Area 2c, which is surrounded by residential and industrial areas of 

Woodbridge, contains a mixture of young deciduous wooded areas with substantial 

undergrowth and cleared areas, which generally contain utility corridors (Figures 4-11 through 

Figure 4-13). Area 2c spans slightly less than 1 mile (1.6 km) of the existing rail corridor, and the 

six irregularly shaped sections vary in size, encompassing a combined area of 5.1 acres (2 ha). 

Much of Area 2c was not subjected to subsurface testing because of disturbances during 

pedestrian survey. These disturbances included graded surfaces associated with railroad 

construction and petroleum pipeline facilities. However, two small portions within Area 2c were 

subjected to STP survey (Figure 4-14 and Figure 4-15). Eight STPs were excavated along three 

transects. No artifacts were found and no sites were discovered. 

FIGURE 4-11: DISTURBANCE FROM BURIED UTILITIES IN NORTHERN PORTION OF AREA 

2C, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-14 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-12: STEEP SLOPE AND BURIED UTILITY DISTURBANCE IN SOUTHERN PORTION 

OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA 2C, LOOKING EAST 

FIGURE 4-13: PORTION OF AREA 2C SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

SOUTH 
A

B

1

2

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Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2c

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
C

1

2

3

4

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Figure 4-15

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2c

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-17 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP depth in Area 2c was 1.1 feet (33.5 cm) with a maximum depth of 1.6 feet (48.8 

cm). A-horizon depths ranged from 0.3 feet (9.1 cm) to 0.9 feet (27.4 cm) with an average depth of 

0.5 feet (15.2 cm). A representative profile has dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) silt loam 

overlying strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) silt loam subsoil mottled with 2.5Y 7/6 yellow clay loam 

(Figure 4-16).

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 3/4) silt loam

= Strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

 silt loam with yellow

 (2.5Y 7/6) clay loam

I

II

FIGURE 4-16: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 2C, STP 2C-C-2 

4.3.4 Archaeological Area 2d 

Archaeological Area 2d is located on the west side of the existing railroad, immediately to the 

north of Neabsco Creek, near its mouth at Occoquan Bay. Archaeological Area 2d consists of a 

single linear block, measuring approximately 930 feet (283.5 m) from north to south and 55 feet 

(16.8 m) across its greatest width, a total of 1.1 acres (0.4 ha). The setting of Archaeological Area 

2d is typified by second growth woods with a variable understory of vines and brambles (Figure 

4-17). Although approximately half of the width of Archaeological Area 2d was not subjected to 

subsurface testing due to disturbance from construction and maintenance grading for the existing 

rail, as well as a buried fiber optic line that parallels the rail, STPs were excavated through the 

entire length of the area within the narrow strip of undisturbed land on the edge of the area 

(Figure 4-18). Two transects totaling 36 STPs were initially designated for excavation in 

Archaeological Area 2d, but the entirety of the “A” transect was observed to be disturbed, leaving 

the single B transect of 18 STPs as the entirety of excavation (Figure 4-19). No artifacts were found 

and no sites were discovered. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-18 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-17: PORTION OF AREA 2D SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

NORTH 

FIGURE 4-18: STEEP SLOPE IN AREA 2D, LOOKING NORTH 
A

B

1

5

10

15

18

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Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2d

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-20 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP depth in Area 2d was 1.1 feet (33.5 cm) with a maximum depth of 1.8 feet (54.9 

cm). A-horizon depths ranged from 0.3 feet (9.1 cm) to 0.7 feet (21.3 cm) with an average depth of 

0.5 feet (15.2 cm). Typical STP profiles in Archaeological Area 2d consisted of very dark brown 

(10YR 2/2) silty clay with coal and ash inclusions, overlying a sterile subsoil of strong brown 

(7.5YR 4/6) clay loam mottled with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay (Figure 4-20). The coal and ash 

inclusions noted in Stratum I likely originated from rail operations, from either freight or 

locomotive by-products, and were observed in the upper soil strata of many STPs in close 

proximity to the rail corridor. 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

 silty clay with coal and ash

= Strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

 clay loam with light gray

 (10YR 7/1) clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-20: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 2D, STP 2D-B-4 

4.3.5 Archaeological Area 2e 

Archaeological Area 2e lies adjacent to Leesylvania State Park on a wooded peninsula between 

Neabsco and Powells Creeks in Prince William County. Because Archaeological Area 2e is in close 

proximity to Leesylvania State Park and archaeological survey work was completed in an area 

along the CSXT/Park boundary, a DHR State Lands Permit was obtained to adequately assure 

that all parties were thoroughly informed of the archaeological survey work. All excavation was 

conducted in accordance with that permit which is included in Appendix D. 

Archaeological Area 2e consists of three discrete blocks identified for archaeological study, all of 

which are linear and parallel the existing rail line. The three areas span across approximately 1 

mile (1.6 km) of the existing corridor and measure a total of 13.8 acres (5.6 ha). The two blocks of 

survey located to the west, measure 2,700 feet (823.0 m) long and 1,700 feet (518.2 m) long, while 

the block on the east is 1,600 feet (487.7 m) long. All three blocks vary in width but tend to be 

approximately 100 feet (30.5 m) wide, with a maximum width of 130 feet (39.6 m). The 

environmental setting includes both wooded and maintained grassy areas and is generally gently 

sloping with isolated locations containing more substantial slope. The bulk of the area is 

disturbed, with gravel roads, buried pipelines and construction grading for the existing rail 

precluding subsurface testing in the majority of the three blocks of survey (Figure 4-21). However, 

small portions of each of the three blocks of survey were tested (Figure 4-22). In total, 22 STPs 

were excavated along four transects (Figure 4-23 and Figure 4-24). STP survey produced no 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-21 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

artifacts, but a single artifact, a fragment of insulator glass, was recovered from the surface, 

collected, and designated ISF 2e-1. Isolated finds are, by definition, not eligible for NRHP listing. 

FIGURE 4-21: DISTURBANCE FROM BURIED UTILITIES IN AREA 2E, LOOKING WEST 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-22 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-22: PORTION OF AREA 2E SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

NORTH 
C

1

6

1

D

5

10

1

B

SFC 2e-1

ISF 2e-1

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-23

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2e

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Isolated Find

Boundary

 Negative STP

 STP Not Excavated *# Surface Collection

Disturbed
1

A

6

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-24

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2e

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-25 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP depth in Area 2e was 1.0 feet (30.5 cm) with a maximum depth of 1.2 feet (36.6 

cm). A-horizon depths ranged from 0.1 feet (3.0 cm) to 0.5 feet (15.2 cm) with an average depth of 

0.3 feet (9.1 cm). A typical STP profile in Archaeological Area 2e consisted of dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/4) loam overlying dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay loam, which in turn 

capped yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay loam subsoil (Figure 4-25). 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/4) loam

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/6) clay loam

I

II

III

III = Yellowish brown

 (10YR 5/8) clay loam

FIGURE 4-25: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 2E, STP 2E-A-5 

4.3.6 Archaeological Area 2f 

Archaeological Area 2f consists of two blocks of survey, which encompass a total of 2.2 acres (0.9 

ha), on the west side of the existing rail located just to the south of Powells Creek in Prince William 

County. Both study blocks parallel the existing rail, with the smaller, northern of the two 

measuring approximately 130 feet (39.6 m) in length and the southern extending for 

approximately 1,900 feet (579.1 m), covering an area measuring 2.2 acres (0.9 ha). Width varied 

constantly across the length of these areas, but the widest parts of the corridor were 

approximately 55 feet (16.8 m) across. Archaeological Area 2f was typified by a substantial slope 

running from east to west leaving only a narrow strip of level ground within the project area. 

Vegetation consisted of secondary growth forest with a substantial understory of vines and 

brambles. In much of Archaeological Area 2f only pedestrian survey was undertaken due to 

disturbance related to the road running through the area or to extreme slopes or erosion that 

rendered STP survey impractical (Figure 4-26), but STP survey was completed through the 

southern block of Area 2f (Figure 4-27). A total of 30 STPs was excavated along a single transect 

within Archaeological Area 2f (Figure 4-28 and Figure 4-29). No artifacts were recovered, nor 

were any features or new archaeological sites encountered. Archaeological Area 2f does intersect 

with previously identified site 44PW1008, discussed within the sites description section below 

the area descriptions. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-26 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-26: STEEP SLOPE DISTURBANCE IN AREA 2F, LOOKING SOUTH 

FIGURE 4-27: PORTION OF AREA 2F SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

SOUTH 
A

15

9

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-28

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2f

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed
9

10

15

20

25

30

35

38

44PW1008

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-29

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2f

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Previously

Recorded Site
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-29 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP depth in Archaeological Area 2f was 0.9 feet (27.2 cm) with a maximum depth 

of 1.3 feet (39.6 cm). A-horizon depths ranged from 0.2 feet (6.1 cm) to 0.6 feet (18.3 cm) with an 

average depth of 0.4 feet (12.2 cm). STP profiles varied somewhat across the area, but a typical 

profile consisted of dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) silty sand with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded 

sandstone overlying gray (10YR 7/1) degraded sandstone bedrock (Figure 4-30). 

2.4'

1.6'

0.8'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 3/4) with gray

 (10YR 7/1) degraded

 sandstone

= Gray (10YR 7/1) degraded

 sandstone

I

II

FIGURE 4-30: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 2F, STP 2F-A-15 

4.3.7 Archaeological Area 2g 

Archaeological Area 2g, located in Prince William County, is situated in a wooded area just north 

of Aquia Creek. Consisting of two separate blocks of identified for Phase IB study, Area 2g lies 

entirely on the east side of the existing railroad. The northern block is very narrow, with a 

maximum width of a little over 10 feet (3.1 m) and a length of approximately 290 feet (88.4 m), 

while the southern block is wider, with a width of approximately 40 feet (12.2 m) and measuring 

190 feet (57.9 m) in length. Archaeological Area 2g encompassed a total of 0.3 acres (0.1 ha) 

subjected to Phase IB archaeological survey. Archaeological Area 2g was generally typified by 

level topography and open older growth forest, and not as obviously subject to disturbance as 

much of the corridor. However, upon excavation of STPs, it became clear that the area had 

actually been subjected to substantial construction grading related to the existing railroad (Figure 

4-31). Two STPs were excavated on two transects (Figure 4-32 and Figure 4-33). No artifacts were 

found and no sites were discovered. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-30 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-31: TYPICAL SETTING IN AREA 2G, LOOKING SOUTH 
A

1

6

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-32

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2g

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated
B

1

4

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-33

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2g

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-33 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Only two STPs were excavated in Archaeological Area 2g, and both showed substantial evidence 

of disturbance. The average STP depth in Area 2g was 1.2 feet (36.6 cm) with a maximum depth 

of 1.7 feet (39.6 cm). All soils above subsoil in both STPs were disturbed. A representative profile 

consisted of dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) silty clay overburden, overlying another layer of 

overburden made up of olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) with dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay 

overlying yet another disturbed level consisting of dark brown (10YR 3/4) with reddish yellow 

(7.5YR 6/8) clay (Figure 4-34). 

2.4'

1.6'

0.8'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 3/4) silty clay

= Olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6)

 with dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 3/4) clay

I

II

III

III =Dark brown (7.5YR 3/4)

 with reddish yellow

 (7.5YR 6/8) clay

FIGURE 4-34: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 2G, STP 2G-A-1 

4.3.8 Archaeological Area 2h 

Archaeological Area 2h lies in Stafford County across Aquia Creek from Archaeological Area 2g 

and consists of eight small blocks of areas identified for archaeological study, dispersed across 

approximately 1.7 miles (2.7 km) on both sides of the existing CSXT rail line and comprising 4.1 

acres (1.7 ha). These eight blocks contain a total length of approximately 3,700 feet (1,127.8 m), 

and vary in width, reaching a maximum width of approximately 110 feet (33.5 m). Archaeological 

Area 2g is situated generally in low lying areas with young deciduous forest, the entirety of which 

was disturbed and not suitable for subsurface survey (Figure 4-35 through Figure 4-37). 

Disturbance arose from erosion, the steep existing railroad, and buried utility lines (Figure 4-38). 

No artifacts were recovered and no sites were identified. 

 
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Figure 4-35

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2h

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Figure 4-36

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2h

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Figure 4-37

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2h

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-37 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-38: STEEP SLOPE AND DISTURBANCE FROM BURIED UTILITIES IN AREA 2H, 

LOOKING SOUTH 

4.3.9 Archaeological Area 2i 

Archaeological Area 2i is located in Stafford County near the Brooke VRE station. This area spans 

across approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) of the existing rail corridor beginning 0.6 miles (1.0 km) 

south of Courthouse Road and continuing to the crossing of Eskimo Hill Road over the existing 

rail. This archaeological area consists of 16 separate study blocks encompassing a total of 18.8 

acres (7.6 ha) located both on the sides of the existing railroad and along Eskimo Hill Road. A 

large section located in the wooded area north of the existing rail extending from Union Camp 

Drive between Andrew Chapel Road and Mt. Hope Church Road was identified for Phase IB 

study, but was not tested because the landowners denied access. Settings varied across Area 2i 

and included open fields and yards as well as areas of secondary growth woods. Topography 

was typified by gentle slopes in less disturbed areas, and as elsewhere in the corridor, more 

extreme slopes near existing rail and road grading. Large portions of Archaeological Area 2i were 

disturbed by both road and rail construction, landscaping around residences, as well as buried 

utilities (Figure 4-39 and Figure 4-41). Fifty-Four STPs were excavated along 15 transects (Figure 

4-42 through Figure 4-46). No artifacts were found and no sites were discovered. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-38 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-39: DISTURBANCE FROM BURIED UTILITIES IN AREA 2I, LOOKING NORTH 

FIGURE 4-40: DISTURBANCE FROM ROAD GRADING IN AREA 2I, LOOKING SOUTH 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-39 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-41: PORTION OF AREA 2I SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING EAST 
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-42

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2i

(Map 1 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-43

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2i

(Map 2 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed

No Access
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-44

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2i

(Map 3 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed

No Access
F-1 F-2 F-3

G-1 G-2

RS

T

UV

AA

Z

Y

X

W

15

12

10

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-45

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2i

(Map 4 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed

No Access
H

I

J

K

L

1

56

MN

432 1

2

3

4

5

6

OP

5

4

3

2

6

1

7

1

6

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-46

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2i

(Map 5 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-45 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP depth in Archaeological Area 2i was 1.1 feet (33.5 cm) with a maximum depth 

of 1.9 feet (57.9 cm). A-horizon depths ranged from 0.2 feet (6.1 cm) to 1.5 feet (45.7 cm) with an 

average depth of 0.7 feet (21.3 cm). STP profiles varied across this relatively large area, but a 

generally typical profile consisted of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam topsoil overlying 

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silty clay loam subsoil (Figure 4-47). 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/4) silt loam

= Light yellowish brown

 (10YR 6/4) silty clay loam

I

II

FIGURE 4-47: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 2I, STP 2I-L-4 

4.3.10 Archaeological Area 2j 

Archaeological Area 2j is located in Stafford County in a swath of woods located north of Potomac 

Creek, near Daffan. This archaeological area, located in a semi-rural area on the edges of the 

Fredericksburg suburbs, contains three separate blocks, two on the east of the existing rail and 

one on the west. These sections lie almost entirely within forests, but a cleared powerline corridor 

does cut across the area. Archaeological Area 2j encompasses a total of 1.5 acres (0.6 ha) of 

identified for Phase IB study. The natural topography of the area is gently sloping or level, but 

the extreme slope of the existing rail does cut through the areas identified for study. The entirety 

of the east side of the rails was disturbed by a petroleum pipeline corridor, but one of the sections 

on the west side was largely undisturbed allowing for STP survey (Figure 4-48). Five STPs were 

excavated along a single transect (Figure 4-49 and Figure 4-50). No artifacts were found and no 

sites were discovered. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-46 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-48: PORTION OF AREA 2J SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

NORTH 
A

1

5

10

15

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-49

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2j

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-50

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2j

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-49 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP depth in Archaeological Area 2j was 1.0 feet (30.5 cm) with a maximum depth 

of 1.4 feet (42.7 cm). A-horizon depths ranged from 0.1 feet (3.0 cm) to 0.7 feet (21.4 cm) with an 

average depth of 0.4 feet (12.2 cm). A representative profile has a dark yellowish brown (10YR 

4/4) sandy loam topsoil overlying brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay subsoil (Figure 4-51). 

1.8'

1.2'

0.6'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/4) sandy loam

= Brownish yellow

 (10YR 6/8) sandy clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-51: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 2J, STP 2J-A-7 

4.3.11 Archaeological Area 2k 

Archaeological Area 2k begins directly across Potomac Creek from the end of Archaeological 

Area 2j. From there it follows the existing rail to the southwest, then curving to the west, before 

curving back to the southwest, ending approximately 2,000 feet (609.6 m) from the railroad’s 

crossing of Primmer House Road. In addition to the sections that parallel the rail on both sides, 

Area 2k includes blocks deemed suitable for archaeological study that extend along Primmer 

House and Leeland Roads at their crossing with the existing rail. Composed of 18 separate blocks, 

Archaeological Area 2k encompasses 10.6 acres (4.3 ha). The majority of Area 2k lies within 

wooded locations, varying from relatively open older growth to young secondary growth with 

dense vines and brambles. Most of Area 2k is gently sloping, but the rolling natural topography 

occasionally becomes steeper, and the existing rails and roads through these slopes required 

substantial construction grading. These natural and artificial slopes precluded subsurface testing 

in much of Archaeological Area 2k, as did buried utility lines and eroded areas (Figure 4-52). 

Small Portions of Archaeological Area 2k were, however, suitable for subsurface testing (Figure 

4-53). Twenty STPs were excavated on eight transects (Figure 4-54 through Figure 4-64). Metal 

detector survey was conducted in portions of Archaeological Area 2k based on the evidence of 

recent metal detecting activity by amateurs and other surface features identified during the 

pedestrian survey. These features were believed to be indicative of a Civil War era archaeological 

site and, as such, metal detecting was conducted. 

No artifacts were recovered from the STPs in Archaeological Area 2k, but metal detector survey, 

undertaken when depressions were observed in the project area, recovered seven artifacts which 

resulted in the identification of site 44ST1223, a nineteenth-century historic site with a Civil War 

component. Additionally, two previously identified archaeological sites, 44ST0270 and 44ST0271, 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-50 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

slightly overlap the project area within Area 2k. Also, pedestrian survey within Archaeological 

Area 2k identified a small family cemetery, recorded as site 44ST1224/089-5624. New and 

previously identified sites are discussed separately below the area descriptions. 

FIGURE 4-52: BURIED UTILITY DISTURBANCE IN AREA 2K, LOOKING NORTH 

FIGURE 4-53: PORTION OF AREA 2K SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

NORTH 
R-1

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Figure 4-54

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 1 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative

Disturbed
S-1

S-2

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Figure 4-55

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 2 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
44ST1224

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Figure 4-56

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 3 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary

Disturbed
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Figure 4-57

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 4 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Figure 4-58

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 5 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Figure 4-59

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 6 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
V 123

4

T

U

1

2

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Figure 4-60

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 7 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
44ST0271

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Figure 4-61

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 8 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed

Previously

Recorded Site
W-1

W-2

W-3

W-4

W-5

X-1

X-2

X-3

Y-5

Y-4

Y-3

Y-2

Y-1

MD-1

MD-2

MD-3 MD-4

MD-5 MD-6

MD-7

44ST1223

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Figure 4-62

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 9 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary

Negative STP

*#

Metal Detector Hit

)" Civil War Feature

Disturbed
W

1

44ST0270

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Figure 4-63

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 10 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed

Previously

Recorded Site
Z-1

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Figure 4-64

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 11 of 11)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-62 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP depth in Archaeological Area 2k was 1.1 feet (33.5 cm) with a maximum depth 

of 1.5 feet (45.7 cm). A-horizon depths ranged from 0.1 feet (3.0 cm) to 0.6 feet (18.3 cm) with an 

average depth of 0.4 feet (12.2 cm). A representative profile consists of very dark grayish brown 

(2.5Y 3/2) silt loam topsoil, capping light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silty clay subsoil (Figure 4-

65). 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Very dark grayish brown

 (2.5Y 3/2) silt loam

= Light yellowish brown

 (2.5Y 6/4) silty clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-65: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 2K, STP 2K-W-4 

4.3.12 Previously Recorded Site 44PW1008 

Site 44PW1008 is an archaeological site of indeterminate age or cultural affiliation in Prince 

William County (Figure 4-66). DHR site files record no notes of the associated site artifacts and 

indicate that the site is unevaluated regarding its NRHP eligibility. Most of the site as previously 

mapped lies outside the APE to the west. The APE within this site lies in a graded area between 

two artificial sloped surfaces, with push piles and dumped trash (Figure 4-67). Because of these 

artificial slopes, visual observation from the project corridor into the site was limited. However, 

to the extent that the site overlaps the present survey area, substantial disturbance is evident on 

the surface. Two STPs on the transect testing this portion of Archaeological Area 2f lie within the 

site boundaries. Both STPs had similar profiles consisting of a thin topsoil of dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 3/4) overlying gray (10YR 7/1) degraded sandstone. This is consistent with the area 

having been extensively graded. Because of the limited portion of the site lying within the project 

boundaries it is recommended that site 44PW1008 remains unevaluated for the NRHP. 

However, within the archaeological APE, this portion of site 44PW1008 has been substantially 

disturbed and retains little soils that might retain archaeological deposits, and as such any 

portion of the site within the APE would not contribute to the site’s overall eligibility. 

 
44PW1008

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Figure 4-66

Site 44PW1008

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI 

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-64 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-67: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44PW1008 WITHIN APE, LOOKING NORTH 

4.3.13 Previously Recorded Site 44ST0270 

Site 44ST0270, a reported Civil War camp, was identified to DHR by an informant who observed 

hut depressions in the area (Figure 4-68). The site has not been evaluated for NRHP eligibility. 

The substantial majority of the site lies outside the present survey area, and the portion that lies 

within the survey area is either on the extremely steep artificial slope up to Primmer House Road, 

or in the eroded area at the bottom of that slope (Figure 4-69). A pedestrian survey of the site 

indicated that no depressions or other visual indicators of the site were found intact within the 

project APE. It is therefore unlikely that any portion of the site within the current survey area 

remains intact, and given the nature of the site’s initial recordation, may not have been part of the 

site core to begin with. It is recommended that site 44ST0270 remains unevaluated for the 

NRHP. However, within the archaeological APE, the portion of site 44ST0270 has been 

extensively compromised by buried utilities and a gravel road, and as such any portion of the 

site within the APE does not contribute to the site’s overall eligibility. 

 
44ST0271

44ST1223

44ST0270

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Figure 4-68

Sites 44ST270,

44ST0271, and

44ST1223

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-66 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-69: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44ST0270 WITHIN APE, LOOKING WEST 

4.3.14 Previously Recorded Site 44ST0271 

Site 44ST0271 is also an informant-identified Civil War camp (see Figure 4-68). DHR site files 

indicate that the site is unevaluated in regard to its NRHP eligibility. The substantial majority of 

the site as mapped lies outside the present survey area on private property to which Dovetail 

archaeologists did not have access. However, to the extent that the site overlaps the present 

survey area, the likelihood of undisturbed subsurface remains is low, as the area shows 

substantial erosion and disturbance relating to the existing rail line and a buried fiber optic line 

paralleling the rail (Figure 4-70). No depressions or other visual indicators of the site were found 

intact within the project APE. As such it is recommended that site 44ST0271 remains 

unevaluated for the NRHP. However, within the archaeological APE, the portion of site 

44ST0271 has been substantially disturbed by both utility trenches and grading for the existing 

rail, and as such any portion of the site within the APE would not contribute to the site’s overall 

eligibility. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-67 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-70: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44ST0271 WITHIN APE, LOOKING WEST 

4.3.15 Newly Identified Site 44ST1223 

4.3.15.1 Site Description 

Site 44ST1223 is located in a wooded setting (Figure 4-71) on the north side of the CSXT rail line, 

just east of Primmer House Road, more specifically, within the central portion of Archaeological 

Area 2k (see Figure 4-68). This site represents a Civil War campsite occupied during the winter 

of 1862–1863 when the Union Army was ordered into winter quarters. The site was initially 

identified during the pedestrian survey based on the presence of two square depressions 

measuring approximately 3-foot (0.3-m) square, representing ‘hut holes’ (areas where soldier’s 

winter tents were located) as well as recent metal detecting activity. These features were roughly 

linear in nature, however given only two were identified an exact layout is difficult to ascertain. 

While shovel testing resulted in no cultural materials, a cursory metal detector sweep of the 

archaeological APE was conducted to further delineate the portion of the site within the project 

limits. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-68 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-71: GENERAL VIEW OF SITE 44ST1223, LOOKING NORTHWEST 

Much of the area is disturbed from logging, access roads, and buried utility lines which appear 

to have impacted a portion of the site. Due to property access limitations, only a portion of the 

site was investigated; however, additional hut holes were observed on a neighboring parcel. The 

portion of the site investigated during this survey measures approximately 223 feet (67.9 m) x 54 

feet (62.4 m), covering an area of 0.2 acres (0.08 ha). It sits at an elevation of approximately 185 

feet (56 m) above mean sea level (AMSL). 

A total of seven artifacts was recovered from six metal detector hits at site 44ST1223, all 

representing the historic occupation of the site. Materials recovered include cut nails, barrel 

banding, and a broken horseshoe. While these artifacts could also represent a historic domestic 

occupation, the presence of hut holes and recent metal detectorist activity indicates this site 

represents a Civil War-era winter encampment. Furthermore, discussions with local metal 

detecting amateurs suggest that this site was occupied by the elements of the Third Corps during 

the winter of 1862–1863, and several Union and Confederate-related artifacts have been recovered 

from the general vicinity in the past. 

The average depth of STPs within the site was 0.9 feet (0.3 m), with the deepest STP extending to 

a depth of 1 foot (0.3 m). The average A-horizon measured 0.47 feet (0.1 m). The maximum Ahorizon measurement within the site was 0.6 feet (0.2 m). An average soil profile for this site 

contained two stratigraphic levels. Stratum I, consists of a very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) silt 

loam which overlaid a subsoil consisting of a light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) clay loam (Figure 

4-72). 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-69 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Very dark grayish brown

 (2.5Y 3/2) silt loam

= Light yellowish brown

 (2.5Y 6/4) clay loam

I

II

FIGURE 4-72: REPRESENTATIVE STP PROFILE FOR SITE 44ST1223 

4.3.15.2 Evaluation and Significance 

Site 44ST1223 is a nineteenth century Civil War encampment occupied during the winter of 1862–

1863. Excavations at the site resulted in little cultural material specific to the Civil War occupation 

of the site, but surface evidence indicates that features related to hut holes are present. While this 

site is tied to the Civil War, specifically when the Union Army went into winter quarters, this is 

not considered a significant historical event or pattern of events as Civil War winter encampments 

are found throughout this portion of Virginia (Criterion A) and, as such, Criterion A is not 

applicable. Additionally, there are no known associations with significant persons (Criterion B) 

and the deposits do not illustrate distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of 

construction (Criterion C). Furthermore, nearly 100 sites of this type have been identified in 

Stafford County alone, approximately 20 of which were subjected to a Phase II evaluation (i.e. 

Brady et al. 2004; Klein et al. 2007) and would be more applicable for Criterion C. 

However, the presence of above-ground remains representative of Civil War features and the 

recovery of artifacts representing the nineteenth century Civil War occupation of the site suggests 

that further excavation at the site has the potential to yield significant data about the nineteenth 

century occupation of the area (Criterion D). As such, Dovetail recommends site 44ST1223 as 

potentially eligible for NRHP listing, under Criterion D.

4.3.16 Newly Identified Site 44ST1224 

4.3.16.1 Site Description 

Site 44ST1224/089-5624 is a small mid-nineteenth century family cemetery, known as the Daffan 

Cemetery, located in densely wooded portion of Archaeological Area 2k (Figure 4-73 and Figure 

4-74). The cemetery is on the north side of the CSXT rail line and south of Leeland Road, situated 

approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of Falmouth, Virginia, in Stafford County. The site was 

identified during the pedestrian survey and no shovel tests were excavated within the cemetery 

area. The site measures approximately 35 x 40 feet (10.7 x 12.2 m), covering an area of 0.04 acres 

(0.02 ha). It sits at an elevation of approximately 130 feet (39.6 m) AMSL. 

 
44ST1224

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Figure 4-73

Site 44ST1224

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-71 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-74: SITE 44ST1224/089-5624, LOOKING NORTH

Surface features noted at the site include five headstones, one associated footstone, and at least 

three unmarked interments. The first headstone reads “IN / Memory of / WILLIAM DAFFAN / 

DIED / April 2nd, 1855/in the 78th year of / His age.” The marker is sandstone and has an 

unmarked associated sandstone footstone (Figure 4-75). The second headstone, also sandstone, 

has an engraved circle thought to contain an angel and reads “In memory of” (the rest of the text 

is buried) (Figure 4-76). The third sandstone marker has been damaged and is represented by 

detached top half and the bottom half which remains in its original location. The detached top 

half is decorated with a rose and reads “In memory of”. The in situ base bears the inscription 

“...ANN M. / BURRUS/ WIFE OF P. H. BURRUS / Caroline County/ Who died / November 

22nd 1848 / 29th year of her age.” (Figure 4-77). The fourth headstone is also sandstone and reads 

“IN / Memory of / HUGH W. DAFFAN / DIED / Sept, 22. 1847 / In the 11 year / of his age.” 

(Figure 4-78). The final headstone is granite and has no discernible inscription (Figure 4-78). 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-72 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-75: SITE 44ST1224, WILLIAM DAFFAN HEADSTONE DETAIL 

FIGURE 4-76: SITE 44ST1224, UNKNOWN HEADSTONE DETAIL 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-73 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-77: SITE 44ST1224, ANN M. BURRUS HEADSTONE DETAIL 

FIGURE 4-78: SITE 44ST1224, HUGH W. DAFFAN HEADSTONE DETAIL (LEFT) AND 

UNKNOWN HEADSTONE DETAIL (RIGHT)

In addition to the marked interments, at least three additional unmarked graves were noted 

during the pedestrian survey of the cemetery area. These unmarked interments were identified 

based on the presences of shallow rectangular depressions. Based on the presence of both marked 

and unmarked graves, it appears that a minimum of eight individuals may be buried within the 

cemetery. Given the interment dates on the discernible grave markers, the cemetery was 

established circa 1847 and abandoned circa 1855, suggesting it was in use for a very short period 

during the mid-nineteenth century. The Stafford County Cemetery Committee completed a 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-74 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

survey of the cemetery in April 2009 and noted similar conditions and the presence of at least 

seven graves (both marked and unmarked) (Dodd 2009). This 2009 survey noted that the 

cemetery was threatened by neglect and that at least one grave had been disturbed and damaged. 

4.3.16.2 Evaluation and Significance 

Site 44ST1224/089-5624 is a small mid-nineteenth-century family cemetery, including the marked 

interments of five individuals and at least three unmarked graves. No subsurface excavations 

were conducted within the cemetery area, as such the boundaries of the cemetery have not been 

delineated. The cemetery appears to be typical of small family burying grounds encountered 

throughout the region and does not display any unique architectural elements or known 

association with people or events important in history. As such, it is recommended that site 

44ST1224/089-5624 is not eligible for NRHP inclusion under Criteria A–D. However, it is 

recommended that the general cemetery area should be avoided or further delineation efforts 

should be undertaken to determine the exact limits of the cemetery. 

4.4 AREA 3: FREDERICKSBURG 

Area 3 of the DC2RVA Preferred Alternative encompasses those portions of the LOD lying within 

a part of Stafford County, and the City of Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County in their 

entirety. A very small portion of Area 3 extends into Caroline County with the final archaeological 

area terminating approximately 800 feet (243.8 m) south of the Spotsylvania-Caroline County line. 

Beginning in the north near Dahlgren junction and ending on the south between Claiborne and 

Guinea, Area 3 runs along approximately 13 miles (20.9 km) of the existing CSXT rail. The areas 

identified for archaeological survey within Area 3 encompasses 29.5 acres (11.9 ha). 

The setting of Area 3 is varied, running directly through downtown Fredericksburg and the local 

environs, but continuing into the rural areas to the southeast of the city. The northern portions of 

Area 3 reflect the urban environment around Fredericksburg, and as the corridor moves further 

to the south, the setting transitions to one dominated by wooded areas. (Figure 5-29). Area 3 

consists of six archaeological areas, lettered 3a through 3f, designated for Phase IB study within 

the scope of the current investigation. One of these, Archaeological Area 3e, was inaccessible at 

the time of field survey and no pedestrian or subsurface archaeological investigations were 

completed in this area. The remaining five archaeological areas were subjected to subsurface 

testing in at least some portions. A number of the archaeological areas are crossed by or adjacent 

to streams, including the Rappahannock River, and Deep Run and Massaponax Creeks (see 

Figure 2-2). 

Like much of the DC2RVA project corridor as a whole, substantial portions of Area 3 were not 

subjected to subsurface testing due to existing disturbances. These disturbances mainly consisted 

of the construction grading creating embankments required by the existing railroad. Other 

disturbances included substantial buried fiber optic and petroleum utility transmission lines and 

artificial ditches. Although the majority of area within Area 3 was disturbed and therefore not 

subjected to subsurface testing, five archaeological areas received at least some subsurface testing 

(Figure 4-79). 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-75 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-79: REPRESENTATIVE VIEW OF AREA 3 SETTING, LOOKING NORTHEAST 

A total of 199 shovel tests was excavated in Area 3. Stratigraphy varied greatly across this area, 

as would be expected from such a small sample over such a large geographic area. Eight positive 

shovel tests and a single metal detector hit resulted in the identification of two new archaeological 

sites (44SP0767 and 3f-2) and two isolated finds (ISF 3c-1 and ISF 3f-1). Additionally, five 

previously recorded archaeological sites intersect Area 3 and were revisited during the current 

survey (44SP0187, 44SP0468, 44SP0687, 44SP0688, and 44ST0011). Artifacts were recovered from 

only one of these previously identified sites, 44SP0187. Newly and previously identified sites and 

ISFs are discussed below a general description of each area. 

4.4.1 Archaeological Area 3a 

Archaeological Area 3a begins at the existing CSXT railroad’s crossing of Kings Highway (Route 

3), and continues from there to the southwest, ending at the Rappahannock River, and spanning 

across approximately 2,400 feet (731.5 m). Archaeological Area 3a consists of eight blocks of area 

deemed suitable for archaeological study that are located on both sides of the existing rail and 

running along the sides of Kings Highway. These areas encompass a total of 8.1 acres (3.3 ha). 

The majority of this area is not suitable for subsurface testing as the corridor falls largely in the 

extensive construction grading related to both the railroad as it approaches a bridge crossing the 

Rappahannock River, and to the multi-lane overpass of Kings Highway over the railroad (Figure 

4-80). A small portion of Archaeological Area 3a, lying primarily along the western side of the 

rail, was tested via STP survey, but even there, many shovel test locations were left unexcavated 

as construction grading or inundation protrude across the transects (Figure 4-81). Twenty-one 

STPs were excavated and were located primarily on two transects, but a pair of judgmental STPs 

was excavated as well (Figure 4-82 and Figure 4-83). No artifacts were found and no new sites 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-76 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

were identified in Archaeological Area 3a. However, previously identified site 44ST0011 

intersects the APE in this area. 

FIGURE 4-80: STEEP SLOPE IN AREA 3A, LOOKING SOUTH 

FIGURE 4-81: PORTION OF AREA 3A SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

NORTH 
JM-1

JM-2

1

5

10

13

D

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-82

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3a

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed
13

D

C

13

15

20

25

30

35

39

1

4

44ST0011

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-83

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3a

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed

Previously

Recorded Site
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-79 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP depth in Archaeological Area 3a was 1.3 feet (39.6 cm) with a maximum depth 

of 3.0 feet (91.4 cm). A-horizon depths ranged from 0.1 feet (3.0 cm) to 2.0 feet (61.0 cm) with an 

average depth of 0.6 feet (18.3 cm). A typical shovel test profile in Archaeological Area 3a 

consisted of dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam overlying dark yellowish brown (10YR 

4/6) sandy loam, which sat atop brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sand subsoil (Figure 4-84). 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark grayish brown

 (10YR 4/2) sandy loam

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/6) sandy loam

I

III

II

III = Brownish yellow

 (10YR 6/8) sand

FIGURE 4-84: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 3A, STP 3A-D-7 

4.4.2 Archaeological Area 3b 

Archaeological Area 3b is a small area located in the downtown area of the City of Fredericksburg. 

Area 3b consists of a single block of survey area in a grassy level field to the south of the existing 

rail, overlooking the Rappahannock River. Measuring approximately 180 feet (54.9 m) long and 

40 feet (12.2 m) wide, Area 3b extends from the river bank to the edge of Sophia Street, 

encompassing 0.2 acres (0.8 ha) identified for archaeological survey. Enough of Area 3b was 

undisturbed that subsurface testing was feasible through its entire length, but disturbances from 

the railroad construction and from buried utilities were present (Figure 4-85 and Figure 4-86). 

Subsurface testing in Archaeological Area 3b consisted of the excavation of four STPs along a 

single transect as well as metal detector survey, as Area 3b overlaps the PotNR boundaries for 

Battle of Fredericksburg I (111-5295), Battle of Fredericksburg II (111-5296), and the Salem Church 

Battlefield (088-5181). All four STPs were positive, and this finding and a metal detector hit 

resulted in the expansion of previously identified site 44SP1087 (Figure 4-87). These results, 

including notes on soil stratigraphy, are discussed below as they relate to site 44SP1087. 

Additionally, the APE in Archaeological Area 3b crosses previously recorded archaeological sites 

44SP0687 and 44SP0688, which were examined as part of the study. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-80 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-85: STEEP SLOPE IN AREA 3B, LOOKING WEST 

FIGURE 4-86: PORTION OF AREA 3B SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

NORTH 
44SP0688

44SP0687

44SP0187

3b-MD-1A-1

A-2

A-3

A-4

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-87

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3b

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Positive STP

*#

Metal Detector Hit

Previously

Recorded Site
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-82 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.4.3 Archaeological Area 3c 

Archaeological Area 3c consists of six blocks that were part of the archaeological study lying 

along Lansdowne Road near its intersection with the existing CSXT rail, and one additional strip 

of testing along the east side of the rail, to the north of Lansdowne Road. The surrounding setting 

of Archaeological Area 3c is dominated by commercial and light industrial development. In 

general the setting of the studied areas within Archaeological Area 3c corresponds to this 

development, lying in level graded, mowed areas surrounding commercial facilities. However, 

portions of Archaeological Area 3c lie in areas of secondary growth woods. The seven blocks 

making up Archaeological Area 3c total 3.4 acres (1.4 ha). Although substantial disturbance was 

present within the area, five of the seven sections had sufficient undisturbed areas as to allow for 

subsurface testing (Figure 4-88 and Figure 4-89). Subsurface testing in Archaeological Area 3c 

consisted of 43 STPs aligned on nine transects (Figure 4-90 through Figure 4-92). A single positive 

STP resulted in the identification of an isolated find, ISF 3c-1, a fragment of prehistoric quartz 

debitage. Isolated finds are by definition not eligible for NRHP listing. 

FIGURE 4-88: BURIED UTILITY DISTURBANCE IN AREA 3C, LOOKING WEST 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-83 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-89: PORTION OF AREA 3C SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

NORTH 
H

1

5

10

14

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-90

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3c

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated
1

2

3

D

E

F

1

2

3

4

5

C

G

4

3

2

1

5

8

7

6

ISF 3c-1

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-91

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3c

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Isolated Find

Boundary

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Positive STP

Disturbed
J

K

A

B 1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-92

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3c

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-87 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP in Archaeological Area 3c reached a depth of 1.0 feet (30.5 cm) with the deepest 

STP extending to 1.8 feet (54.9 cm). A typical STP profile consisted of dark yellowish brown (10YR 

4/4) clay loam topsoil which sat above strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay subsoil with pockets of 

brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) clay (Figure 4-93). 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/4) clay loam

= Strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

 clay with pockets of

 brownish yellow (10R 6/8)

 clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-93: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 3C, STP 3C-D-2 

4.4.4 Archaeological Area 3d 

Archaeological Area 3d is a small area lying entirely on the steep slope lying between a curve in 

the existing CSXT rail and the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park (111-

0147). Archaeological Area 3d measures 425 feet (129.5 m) long and has a maximum width of 55 

feet (16.8 m) encompassing an area of 0.4 acres (0.2 ha) on the west side of the existing rail. The 

area is entirely covered in young mixed woods with an understory of greenbrier and brambles, 

and is generally characterized by steep slope, though a narrow relatively level area was present 

allowing for a transect of STPs which ran the entire length of Area 3c (Figure 4-94). A total of eight 

STPs was excavated (Figure 4-95). In addition to STP survey, metal detector survey was 

conducted within Archaeological Area 3d, as it overlaps the PotNR boundaries for the Battle of 

Fredericksburg I (111-5295) and the Battle of Fredericksburg II (111-5295). No artifacts were found 

and no new sites were discovered. However, the majority of Archaeological Area 3d lies within 

the mapped boundaries of previously identified site 44SP0468 (see site description below). 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-88 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-94: PORTION OF AREA 3D SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

NORTH 
A

1

5

8

44SP0468

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Figure 4-95

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3d

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Previously

Recorded Site
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-90 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP in Archaeological Area 3d reached a depth of 1.0 feet (30.5 cm), with the deepest 

extending to 1.2 feet (36.6 cm). A-horizon soils in 3d ranged from 0.3 feet (9.1 cm) to 0.8 feet (24.4 

cm) with an average depth of 0.6 feet (18.3 cm). STP profiles generally consisted of dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam topsoil overlying yellow (10YR 7/8) silt loam subsoil (Figure 4-96). 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/4) silt loam

= Yellow (10YR 7/8) silt

 loam

I

II

FIGURE 4-96: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 3D, STP 3D-A-1 

4.4.5 Archaeological Area 3e 

Archaeological Area 3e is located on the east side of Benchmark Road, which parallels the east 

side of the existing rail, running north to south across a length of 650 feet (198.1 m). The area 

includes two blocks identified for archaeological study and encompasses 0.6 acres (0.2 ha). This 

area is situated within a residential zone, south of Fredericksburg. At the time of survey 

Benchmark Road within Area 3a was closed for road construction, as such archaeological survey 

crews were not permitted to enter the area. Based on the inability to access Archaeological Area 

3e, no pedestrian or subsurface archaeological investigations were completed in this area (Figure 

4-97). No artifacts were found and no sites were discovered. 

 
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-97

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3e

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

No Access
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-92 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.4.6 Archaeological Area 3f 

Archaeological Area 3f is a long section of the LOD containing eight separate blocks including 

sections to both the east and west of the existing CSXT rail. Archaeological Area 3f begins 

approximately 3,000 feet (914.4 m) south of Mills Drive (U.S. Highway 17) near Olive in 

Spotsylvania County, and continues along the rail spanning approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) of 

the rail corridor, and encompassing a total of 16.9 acres (6.8 ha). The topography within 

Archaeological Area 3f consists generally of ridgetops and slopes, and is largely wooded with 

cleared areas for utility corridors as well as the unmaintained path of Benchmark Rd along the 

eastern side of the rail. North of Summit Crossing Road, STP survey was possible through much 

of the survey sections (Figure 4-98). However, the portions of Archaeological Area 3f south of 

Summit Crossing Road are typified by extensive construction grading resulting from the existing 

CSXT rail line as well as disturbance and erosion from the access roads and utility lines paralleling 

the existing rail line. Additionally, the intersection of those eroded areas with the numerous 

creeks crossing low lying spots within the area led to the inundation of substantial portions of the 

corridor. As such, work completed Archaeological Area 3f south of Summit Crossing Road 

included only pedestrian survey, no subsurface investigations were undertaken (Figure 4-99). 

Subsurface testing in Archaeological Area 3f included 124 STPs on 14 transects (Figure 4-100 

through Figure 4-109). Three positive STPs produced a total of seven historic artifacts, which 

together with the observations made during pedestrian reconnaissance resulted in the 

identification of two new archaeological sites and one isolated find. ISF 3f-1 consisted of a cut nail 

and a bottle glass fragment of indeterminate manufacture. Isolated Finds are, by definition, not 

eligible for NRHP listing. Sites 44SP0767 and 3f-2 are discussed in detail below the area 

descriptions. 

FIGURE 4-98: TYPICAL SETTING IN PORTIONS OF AREA 3F SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE 

TESTING, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-93 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-99: ROAD AND BURIED UTILITY DISTURBANCE IN AREA 3F, LOOKING SOUTH 

 
K

L

34

30

25

20

15

10

5

1

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-100

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 1 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated
10

J

I 5

1

77

D

C

75

70

65

60

55

53

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-101

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 2 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated
53

45

50

D

C

52

40

35

30

25

20

15

13

ISF 3f-1

F

E

H

G

16

17

18

19

20

21

44SP0767

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-102

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 3 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary

Isolated Find

Boundary

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Positive STP
13

C

1

D

5

10

12

A

B

1

5

10

13

44SP0768

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-103

Survey Results in

Archaological Area 3f

(Map 4 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated 

Positive STP

Disturbed
M

N

1

5

6

1

5

10

15

20

23

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North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-104

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 5 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-105

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 6 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-106

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 7 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-107

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 8 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-108

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 9 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-109

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 10 of 10)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-104 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

STPs excavated in Archaeological Area 3f reached an average depth of 0.9 feet (27.4 cm) with the 

deepest reaching 2.0 feet (61.0 cm). A-horizon soils averaged 0.3 feet (9.1 cm) deep, reaching a 

maximum of 2.0 feet (61.0 cm) in depth. A typical STP profile in Area 3f consisted of a topsoil of 

black (10YR 2/1) sand with humus, overlying dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand, which in 

turn overlay brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay subsoil (Figure 4-110). 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Black (10YR 2/1) sand

 with humus

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/4) sand

I

III

II

III = Brownish yellow

 (10YR 6/8) sandy clay

FIGURE 4-110: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 3F, STP 3F-D-51 

4.4.7 Previously Recorded Site 44ST0011 

Site 44ST0011 is a multicomponent site lying within the overall boundary of Ferry Farm (089-

0016) (Figure 4-111). This site, identified primarily as a prehistoric site but including colonial 

elements, has not been evaluated in regard to its NRHP eligibility. The majority of the site as 

mapped lies outside the present survey in an open field to the southwest of the wooded survey 

area. However, to the extent that the site overlaps the present survey area, it lies in a sloping 

eroded area lying at the base of the railroad bridge crossing the Rappahannock River to the south 

(Figure 4-112). As the bulk of the site lies outside the project corridor in a field toward which 

visibility was limited from the project corridor, the site integrity as a whole cannot be assessed. 

However, based on the Phase IB study, the portion of the site within the APE was found to be 

heavily disturbed by erosion from an ephemeral drainage leading to the Rappahannock River. Of 

the approximately 50,000 square feet (4,645. 2 sq. m) encompassed by the site as a whole, less than 

2 percent of the area lies within the APE. As such it is recommended that site 44ST0011 remains 

unevaluated for the NRHP. However, within the archaeological APE, the portion of site 

44ST011 has been substantially disturbed, and as such any portion of the site within the APE 

would not contribute to the site’s overall eligibility. 

 
44ST0011

44SP0187

44SP0688

44SP0687

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 300 600

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Figure 4-111

Sites 44ST0011, 

44SP0187, 44SP0687, 

and 44SP0688

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-106 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Figure 4-112: Overview of Portion of 44ST0011 Lying Within 

the APE, Looking North 

4.4.8 Previously Recorded Site 44SP0187 

4.4.8.1 Site Description 

Previously recorded site 44SP0187 is located in a portion of Archaeological Area 3b that was 

identified for additional archaeological study (see Figure 4-111). As recorded at the DHR, the site 

is a nineteenth-century cut stone bridge pier on the south bank of the Rappahannock River, east 

of Sophia Street in Fredericksburg. Site 44SP0187 was visited during the 2016 Phase IB 

archaeological survey focused on the rail mainline (McCloskey et al. 2016). Expansions to the 

LOD as a result of the final EIS planning and design work required Phase I survey within 

additional portions of the site and gave archaeologists a better window into the site deposits and 

stratigraphy. 

As noted by McCloskey et al. 2016, the DHR archives record site 44SP0187 as the remains of a 

bridge based on the observation of a cut-granite pier at the water’s edge during low tide. 

McCloskey et al. noted the site location likely represented the remains of a mill operation that 

had been replaced by a series of industrial plants over time as well as several incarnations of the 

railroad bridge. As such, it was postulated that the site likely includes the remains of several 

buildings and structures; however, no subsurface testing was conducted at that time based on the 

limits of APE. 

During the current survey, no cut stone was observed in the river, so although classified as a 

nineteenth-century bridge, the terrestrial portion of site 44SP0187 occupies the location of Marye’s 

Mill, depicted in an 1863 photograph taken during the Second Battle of Fredericksburg and mills 

identified on Gray’s (1878) map of late-nineteenth-century Fredericksburg (Hennessy 2011; 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-107 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Figure 44). The mill extends inland from the river’s edge to the ridge top along Sophia Street in 

all cases. In addition, the 1856 Bird’s Eye Views of Fredericksburg published in 1856 and redrawn in 

1862 depicts buildings at the approximate location of the survey, but there are no details clearly 

identify the function of the buildings (Figure 4-115 and Figure 4-116). 

Archaeological testing of site 44SP0187 included the excavation of four STPs and metal-detector 

survey along transects spaced at 6-foot (1.8-m) intervals. Metal detector survey was completed as 

the site is located within PotNR boundaries for Battle of Fredericksburg I (111-5295), Battle of 

Fredericksburg II (111-5296), and the Salem Church Battlefield (088-5181). The STP transect 

crossed the project area from approximately 25 feet (7.6 m) southeast of Sophia Street to the 

floodplain of the Rappahannock River (Figure 4-117 through Figure 4-119). 

FIGURE 4-113: DETAIL FROM O’SULLIVAN’S (1863) PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING A VIEW OF 

FREDERICKSBURG ACROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER SHOWING A MILL ADJACENT TO 

THE RAILROAD BRIDGE. THE CIRCLE OUTLINES THE MILL AND THE ARROWS IDENTIFY THE 

REMAINS OF THE RAILROAD BRIDGE. ONLY PIERS REMAIN IN THE RIVER. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-108 Phas

 

FIGURE 4-114: DETAIL FROM GRAY’S NEW MAP OF FREDERICKSBURG (1878). THE RED CIRCLE MARKS TH

BUILDINGS LABELED “FLOUR MILLS” IN RELATION TO THE RAILROAD BRIDGE AND SOPHIA S
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-109 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Figure 4-115: Detail of an 1856 Bird’s Eye View of Fredericksburg, Virginia, View 2986 

(SACHSE 1856). The Circle Outlines the Mill. 

FIGURE 4-116: DETAIL FROM VIEW OF FREDERICKSBURG, VA. NOV. 1862 (SACHSE 1863). 

THE CIRCLE OUTLINES THE MILL. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-110 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-117: SOPHIA STREET SHOWING MARKED UTILITY LINE, LOOKING SOUTHWEST 

FIGURE 4-118: EDGE OF THE RIDGE AND SLOPE DOWN TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER, 

LOOKING SOUTHEAST 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-111 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-119: FLOODPLAIN PORTION OF SITE 44ST0187, LOOKING SOUTHEAST 

The average depth of STPs within the site was 1.7 feet (0.5 m), with the deepest STP extending to 

a depth of 3 feet (0.9 m). The average A-horizon soils measured 0.7 feet (0.2 m). The maximum Ahorizon soils measurement within the site measured 1 foot (0.3 m). As a result of considerable 

disturbance and of the variation in anthropogenic, colluvial, and alluvial deposition across the 

project area, the profiles of STPs differed considerably. Road gravel in the topsoil and the mix of 

soils in the underlying stratum indicated disturbance in STP 3b-A-1, while, despite the presence 

of a relatively large artifact assemblage in STP 3b-A-2, the recovery of an aluminum twist-off 

bottle cap near the base of Stratum III indicated that all contexts were formed relatively recently 

(Figure 4-120). Despite apparent disturbance in STP 3b-A-3, located on the small bench above the 

active floodplain, the complete bricks and large brick bats protruding from the walls and near the 

base of the 2.2-foot (0.7-m) deep STP indicated the possible presence of an intact, deeply buried 

stratum. 

The domestic assemblage recovered during the STP survey included redware, whiteware, 

ironstone, stoneware, soft-paste porcelain and various types of bottle and vessel glass. 

Architectural artifacts included brick fragments, cut and wire nails, and window glass. In 

addition, a white ball-clay pipe stem, lamp parts, iron straps, and oyster shell were recovered. 

A large, rectangular fragment of an iron spring was encountered during metal-detector survey. 

Other metal items excavated during the metal-detector survey were wire and cut nails, bolts and 

screws, a faucet part, corroded iron, and aluminum cans, bottle caps, and pop tops. No artifacts 

clearly dating to the Civil War era or unambiguously associated with a mill were encountered 

during the archaeological survey. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-112 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

2.4'

1.6'

0.8'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Very dark brown 

 (7.5YR 2.5/3) sand

= Brown (7.5YR 4/3) sand

 with cobbles, brick, shell,

 charcoal, wood, and bone

I

II

III

III = Brown (7.5YR 4/3) sand

 with very small fragments

 of shell

FIGURE 4-120: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM SITE 44SP0187 

4.4.8.2 Evaluation and Significance 

Site 44SP0187 is the nineteenth-century Marye’s Mill and includes cut stone piers and likely other 

building remains. Excavations at the site resulted in the recovery of domestic material and 

evidence of intact subsurface features, but no direct evidence of milling operations. Additional 

excavations are needed to ascertain the integrity and significance of the deposits, as a buried 

intact mill-era stratum was noted during the survey. As such, Dovetail recommends that site 

44SP0187 is potentially eligible for the NRHP under Criterion A for its association with the 

nineteenth-century milling industry in the region and under Criterion D for its archaeological 

potential. 

4.4.9 Previously Recorded Sites 44SP0687 and 44SP0688 

Sites 44SP0867 and 44SP0688, each encompassing a city block in Fredericksburg (blocks 48 and 

49 respectively), were identified by the Center for Historic Preservation at the University of Mary 

Washington in 1992 (see Figure 4-111). Both sites were identified via systematic shovel test 

survey, followed by test unit excavation and backhoe trenching. According to DHR site files and 

the report summarizing investigations undertaken at these locations, both sites show evidence of 

the occupation of these city blocks spanning from the Late Archaic through the twentieth century. 

Artifacts listed in both site forms include Civil War buttons and Minié-style bullets from the 

Fredericksburg Union occupation, quartz lithics, animal bone and ceramics from the lateeighteenth- through early-nineteenth-century occupation, and artisan related objects. Pedestrian 

inspection of these sites during the current investigation indicated that both include paved 

parking lots and buildings, indicative of their urban location (Figure 4-121 and Figure 4-122). 

However, previous investigations of these locations have documented the presence of intact 

cultural deposits beneath modern development (Sanford et al. 1992). As such, it is recommended 

that sites 44SP0867 and 44SP0688 are potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-113 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-121: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44SP0688 WITHIN APE, LOOKING WEST 

FIGURE 4-122: OVERVIEW OF SITES 44SP0688 AND 44SP0687, LOOKING SOUTHEAST 

4.4.10 Previously Recorded Site 44SP0468 

Site 44SP0468, Jackson's Earthworks-Encampment site, is a large complex of earthworks and 

other encampment features associated with the Civil War First Battle of Fredericksburg and lying 

within the PotNR boundaries of the Fredericksburg I Battlefield (111-5295) (Figure 4-123). The 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-114 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

site is mapped mainly to the east of the corridor but encompassing most of Archaeological Area 

3d. A section of earthworks, likely associated with this site, was observed during the 2016 survey 

(McCloskey et al. 2016) but lay slightly outside the APE of that survey. The portion of the current 

survey area lying within the mapped boundaries of the site lies entirely on the steep and eroded 

slope running down from Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park (111-0147) 

towards the existing CSXT rail. STP and metal detector survey were undertaken in Archaeological 

Area 3c, including within site 44SP0468, but recovered no artifacts (Figure 4-124). This resource 

taken as a whole was recommended in the 2016 report to be potentially eligible for the NRHP 

under Criterion A for its associated with Civil War activity in the area and under Criterion D for 

its archaeological potential pending additional studies. DHR concurred with this 

recommendation in a letter dated October 11, 2016. The current survey did not yield additional 

artifacts from the site, but the previous recommendation that the site as a whole remains 

potentially eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and D, remains unchanged. 

 
44SP0468

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North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Figure 4-123

Site 44SP0468

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-116 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-124: METAL DETECTOR SURVEY IN SITE 44SP0468, LOOKING NORTHEAST 

4.4.11 Newly Identified Site 44SP0767 

4.4.11.1 Site Description 

Site 44SP0767 is located in a wooded setting (Figure 4-125) on the west side of the CSXT rail line, 

north of Summit Crossing Road, within the central portion of Archaeological Area 3f (Figure 4-

126). This site represents a potential Civil War earthwork measuring 150 by 115 feet (45.7 by 35 

m), comprising 0.33 acres (0.1 ha). It sits at an elevation of 210 feet (64 m) AMSL and is 

approximately 9 feet deep (2.7 m) from the top of earthen mound to the base of the depression. 

The site was identified during the pedestrian survey and subsequent STP testing and metal 

detector survey yielded no cultural material. However, a lack of cultural deposits should not 

negate the significance of this resource as it was likely hastily constructed in anticipation of a 

need to defend the nearby railroad during the Civil War. Unfortunately, an exhaustive map 

search did not reveal any documented earthwork located in this area which could have provided 

a narrower date range. Despite its absence on historic maps, the Union Army’s Fifth Corps were 

known to be in the general vicinity in 1864. Most notable among the known Civil War presence 

in the area, General Grant held a war council at the nearby Massaponax Church in 1864, less than 

5 miles (8 km) to the west of the site. The earthwork remains observed at site 44SP0767 could be 

representative of any one of these Civil War activities. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-117 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-125: GENERAL VIEW OF SITE 44SP0767, FACING NORTHWEST. YELLOW ARROWS 

MARK TOP OF EARTHWORK. 

 
44SP0767

44SP0768

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North American Datum of 1983

[

0 300 600

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Figure 4-126

Sites 44SP0767

and 44SP0768

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-119 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

An average soil profile for this site contained three stratigraphic levels. Stratum I consisted of a 

black (10YR 2/1) sand extending to a depth of 0.3 feet (0.09 m) that overlaid a dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/4) sand terminating at 0.6 feet (0.2 m). Beneath the second stratum was a subsoil 

of a brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay (Figure 4-127). Excavation ceased at 0.9 feet (0.3 m) 

below ground surface. 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Black (10YR 2/1) sand

 with humus

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/4) sand

I

II

III

III = Brownish yellow

 (10YR 6/8) sandy clay

FIGURE 4-127: REPRESENTATIVE STP PROFILE FROM SITE 44SP0767 

4.4.11.2 Evaluation and Significance 

Site 44SP0767 is a late-nineteenth century Civil War earthwork. Excavations at the site resulted in 

no cultural material specific to the Civil War occupation of the site and only a large surface feature 

characterizes this site. While this site is tied to the Civil War, it is unknown if it is related to a 

significant engagement during the war and, as such, Criterion A is not applicable. Additionally, 

there are no known associations with significant persons (Criterion B) and the deposits do not 

illustrate distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction (Criterion C). 

Above-ground remains representative of a Civil War earthwork comprise the entirety of the site 

and with no cultural remains present or identification of the earthwork on historic maps it is 

unclear at what point during the war this earthwork was constructed. As such, it is 

recommended that site 44SP0767 does not have the potential to yield significant data about the 

nineteenth century occupation of the area (Criterion D). 

4.4.12 Newly Identified Site 44SP0768 

4.4.12.1 Site Description 

Site 44SP0768/088-5511 is a small twentieth-century family cemetery and associated artifact 

scatter located in a densely wooded portion of Area 3f. The site is on the west side of the CSXT 

rail line and north of Summit Crossing Road (see Figure 4-126), situated immediately north and 

west of a communications tower and associated metal pre-fabricated shed (Figure 4-128). The site 

was identified during the pedestrian survey and based on the recovery of five fragments of clear 

bottle glass from one STP. The site measures approximately 250 x 150 feet (76.2 x 45.7 m), but the 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-120 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

cemetery area itself measures 25 x 25 feet (7.6 x 7.6 m). The site covers an area of 0.06 acres (0.02 

ha) and it sits at an elevation of approximately 230 feet (70.1 m) AMSL. 

FIGURE 4-128: SITE 44SP0768/088-5511, LOOKING SOUTH. NOTE THE COMMUNICATION 

TOWER AND SHED TO THE SOUTH AND HEADSTONE (RED ARROW). 

The artifact assemblage recovered from site 44SP0768 includes five artifacts, likely indicative of 

the twentieth century use of the cemetery or adjacent communication tower construction. All five 

artifacts consist of clear bottle glass. The only STP excavated in the site area was 3f-B-8 East from 

which the artifacts were recovered, all adjacent STPs were negative for cultural materials. This 

STP within the site contained two levels. Stratum I, which was 0.2 feet (6 cm) thick, consisted of 

a dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) sand. It overlaid a subsoil consisting of a strong brown (7.5YR 

5/6) sandy clay. The STP was terminated at a depth of 0.9 feet (27 cm). 

Surface features noted at the site location include two engraved headstones, one footstone, four 

metal fence posts, and one gate post. One headstone reads “CATLETT/ Vivian 1901–1952/Shirley 

1898–1948/Henry 1865–1919/Nellie 1869–1951” and the second reads “Annie Kate/ Gilchrist/ 

Born/October 11, 1882” (Figure 4-129). The death date on the second stone was not visible at the 

time of survey as it was buried, but images of the markers located in the findagrave.com database 

indicate the death date to be 1914 (Findagrave.com 2010). Based on the presence of these stones, 

it appears that a minimum of five individuals may be buried within the cemetery. Four metal 

fence posts and a metal gate post were observed surrounding the marked graves, although no 

fencing in between these posts remains (Figure 4-130). 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-121 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.4.11.2 Evaluation and Significance 

Site 44SP0768/088-5511 is a small twentieth-century family cemetery and artifact scatter, 

including five artifacts, the marked interments of five individuals, and the remains of decorative 

metal fencing. No subsurface excavations were conducted within the cemetery area, as such the 

cemetery has not been delineated. The cemetery appears to be typical of small family burying 

grounds encountered throughout the region and does not display any unique architectural 

elements or known association with people or events important in history. As such, it is 

recommended that site 44SP0768/088-5511 is not eligible for NRHP inclusion under Criteria 

A–D. However, it is recommended that the general cemetery area should be avoided or further 

delineation efforts should be undertaken to determine the exact limits of the cemetery. 

FIGURE 4-129: SITE 44SP0768/088-5511, HEADSTONE DETAILS 

FIGURE 4-130: SITE 44SP0768/088-5511, FENCEPOST DETAIL 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-122 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.5 AREA 4: CENTRAL VIRGINIA 

The Central Virginia segment (Area 4) of the DC2RVA Preferred Alternative encompasses those 

portions of the LOD lying within Caroline and Hanover Counties (with the exception of the small 

portion of Area 3 that extends into Caroline, as discussed above). Beginning in the north at Guinea 

and ending in the south at the South Anna River, Area 4 runs along approximately 28 miles (45.1 

km) of the existing CSXT rail. The areas subjected to study within Area 4 encompasses 3.9 acres 

(1.2 ha) (see Figure 2-3). 

The setting of Area 4 is almost entirely rural, with the development related to Kings Dominion 

theme park and industrial activity near Doswell being the only substantial development near the 

project corridor, other than the existing rail. In general, the areas subject to archaeological study 

within Area 4 are dominated by young evergreen or mixed woods and topography is 

characterized by either rolling slopes or flatter low lying areas that are often inundated (Figure 4-

131). Area 4 consists of five archaeological areas, 4b through 4f, designated for Phase IB 

archaeological study (note: revisions to the LOD during fieldwork eliminated the need for 

archaeological survey in Archaeological Area 4a, so it is not discussed or addressed within these 

results). Two of these archaeological areas, 4c and 4e, were dominated by disturbed, inundated, 

or sloping areas to such an extent as to entirely preclude shovel testing, though metal detector 

survey was undertaken in portions of Archaeological Area 4e. The remaining three archaeological 

areas were subjected to subsurface testing in at least some portions. The North and South Anna 

Rivers and their tributaries cross the project area in Archaeological Area 4. 

FIGURE 4-131: REPRESENTATIVE VIEW OF AREA 4 SETTING, LOOKING NORTH 

A total of 28 shovel tests was excavated in Area 4. Stratigraphy varied greatly across this area, as 

would be expected from such a small sample over such a large geographic area. No artifacts were 

recovered from Area 4 nor were any features or archaeological sites identified. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-123 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.5.1 Archaeological Area 4b 

Area 4b consists of eight blocks of identified for Phase IB study in Caroline County, four (one at 

each corner) at the crossing of Woodslane Road near Woodford and the existing rail, and four 

located similarly at the crossing of Paige Road and the existing rail near Bowling Green. These 

locations are both at-grade crossings of the rail over those roads, and the grading associated with 

road construction around these crossings has rendered -inundated areas occupying almost the 

entire width of the APE. As such, shovel testing in seven of the eight sections could not be 

completed (Figure 4-132). However, a small strip of woods and plowed field along the north side 

of Woodslane Road was the subject of subsurface investigation (Figure 4-133). The eight blocks 

encompass an area of 0.8 acres (0.3 ha). Subsurface testing in Archaeological Area 4b included the 

excavation of six STPs aligned on a single transect (Figure 4-134 and Figure 4-135). No artifacts 

were recovered and no sites or features were identified. 

FIGURE 4-132: BURIED UTILITY DISTURBANCE AND SLOPE IN AREA 4B, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-124 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-133: PORTION OF AREA 4B SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

SOUTH 
A

1

6

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North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-134

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4b

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
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North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-135

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4b

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-127 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP in Archaeological Area 4b reached a depth of 1.3 feet (39.6 cm). The deepest 

STP extended to a depth of 1.4 feet (42.7 cm). A-horizon soils in Area 4b ranged from 0.8 feet (24.4 

cm) to 1.0 feet (30.5 cm) with an average depth of 0.9 feet (27.4 cm). A typical STP profile within 

Area 4b consisted of a dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam plow zone overlying a 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay subsoil (Figure 4-136). 

2.4'

1.6'

0.8'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 4/4) sandy loam

= Yellowish brown

 (10YR 5/6) silty clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-136: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 4B, STP 4B-A-4 

4.5.2 Archaeological Area 4c 

Archaeological Area 4c consists of five blocks of area deemed suitable for Phase IB archaeological 

study spanning approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) along an east to west oriented stretch of the 

existing CSXT rail to the northeast of Ruther Glen in Caroline County. The first block is a long 

narrow strip paralleling the north side of the rail to the east of Penola Road, while the remaining 

four blocks are roughly semi-circular and are located at each corner of the crossing of Colemans 

Mill Road with the existing rail. The eastern section lies entirely in a deeply rutted gravel road 

lying adjacent to the CSXT rail corridor, while the western section lies in the steep slopes on the 

sides of Colemans Mill Road as it approaches the crossing with the rail (Figure 4-137 and Figure 

4-138). These disturbances precluded STP survey in Archaeological Area 4c (Figure 4-139 through 

Figure 4-141). No artifacts were recovered, nor were any sites or features identified. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-128 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 5-137: EASTERN PORTION OF AREA 4C, LOOKING EAST 

FIGURE 4-138: WESTERN SECTION OF AREA 4C, LOOKING NORTH 
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 90 180Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-139

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4c

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 90 180Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-140

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4c

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 90 180Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-141

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4c

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-132 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.5.3 Archaeological Area 4d 

Archaeological Area 4d is located in Ruther Glen, in Caroline County. It covers approximately 

3,000 feet (914.4 m) along the existing rail line from its northernmost to southernmost studied 

area. It consists of five discrete blocks located on both sides of the existing rail, to both north and 

south of the rail’s intersection with Dry Bridge Road (Virginia State Route 684). These five blocks 

include a linear distance of approximately 1,760 feet (536.4), which never exceeded 55 feet (16.8 

m) in width and encompassed an area of 0.8 acres (0.3 ha). The area is typified by gently rolling 

hills, and the study areas generally lie in thin wooded strips between utility corridors or access 

roads and the existing rail. The slope leading down to the existing rail line often occupies a 

substantial portion of the area width, and where it does not, disturbance associated with the 

parallel utility corridors and access roads occupy the bulk of the remainder (Figure 4-142). This 

leaves only a narrow strip available for subsurface testing, and in several places these 

disturbances occupied the entire width of the APE, entirely precluding subsurface testing (Figure 

4-143). One of the five blocks was, upon pedestrian survey, determined to be entirely disturbed. 

The remaining four blocks received subsurface investigation. STP survey consisted of a total of 

16 STPs placed along four transects, one transect in each of the four blocks (Figure 4-144 through 

Figure 4-146). Even where STPs were excavated, the profiles often indicated disturbed soils 

(Figure 4-147). No artifacts were recovered, nor were any sites or features identified in 

Archaeological Area 4d. 

FIGURE 4-142: STEEP SLOPE AND BURIED UTILITY DISTURBANCE IN AREA 4D, LOOKING 

SOUTH 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-133 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-143: PORTION OF AREA 4D SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

NORTH 
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North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 50 100Feet

0 20 40

Meters

Figure 4-144

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4d

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
B

C

1

5

9

1

5

10

11

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North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 20 40

Meters

Figure 4-145

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4d

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated
1

E

D

4

1

4

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 20 40

Meters

Figure 4-146

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4d

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-137 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

STP profiles vary substantially across Archaeological Area 4d, and as discussed above, a number 

of STPs contained clearly disturbed soils. STPs were excavated to an average depth of 1.2 feet 

(36.6 cm) with the deepest reaching 1.9 feet (57.9 cm). A horizon soils ranged from 0.2 feet (6.1 

cm) to 1.0 feet (30.5 cm), averaging 0.4 feet (12.2 cm). A typical non-disturbed STP profile within 

Area 4d consisted of dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam topsoil, under which was 

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay subsoil (Figure 4-148). 

FIGURE 4-147: DISTURBED SOILS IN AREA 4D STP 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark grayish brown

 (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam

= Brownish yellow

 (10YR 6/6) sandy clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-148: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 4D, STP 4D-E-1 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-138 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.5.4 Archaeological Area 4e 

Archaeological Area 4e consists of two study blocks on the west side of the existing rail line, 

immediately south of the North Anna River. The two areas span a total length of 865 feet (263.7 

m), which had a maximum width of 35 feet (10.7 m). These areas identified for Phase IB study 

encompass an area of 0.5 acres (0.2 ha). The area was generally unsuitable for subsurface testing 

based on the presence of an access road within the APE. Additionally, poorly drained soils within 

the APE had left much of the area inundated at the time of survey (Figure 4-149). Push piles were 

also observed throughout the areas identified for Phase IB study. Although a STP survey was not 

performed as a result of these clear signs of disturbance, a metal detection survey was conducted, 

as Archaeological Area 4e lies entirely within the study area for the North Anna Battlefield (042-

0123). The only items recovered from metal detection were modern refuse, such as beer cans, 

galvanized wire, and aluminum foil, that was discarded in the field. No artifacts were found and 

no sites or features were identified in Archaeological Area 4e (Figure 4-150). 

FIGURE 4-149: INUNDATED PORTION OF AREA 4E, LOOKING SOUTH 
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 50 100Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-150

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4e

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-140 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.5.5 Archaeological Area 4f 

Archaeological Area 4f is a north-south oriented area consisting of three discrete blocks, all 

located on the west side of the existing rail line. Located in Doswell less than 0.5 miles (0.8 km) 

west of Kings Dominion theme park, Archaeological Area 4f spans a total distance of 1.5 miles 

(2.4 km) and measures less than 40 feet (12.2 m) wide. The locations identified for Phase IB study 

encompass an area of 1 acre (0.4 ha). Most of this area was found to be disturbed as a result of the 

pedestrian survey, as most of the APE falls either in the slope leading to the existing rail, or in a 

buried fiber optic corridor (Figure 4-151). One section, however, contained enough level ground 

outside of the rail grade to permit a single transect of nine STPs (Figure 4-152). No artifacts were 

found and no sites or features were identified in Archaeological Area 4f (Figure 4-153 and Figure 

4-154). 

FIGURE 4-151: UTILITY DISTURBANCE IN AREA 4F, LOOKING NORTH (SLOPE TO RAIL ON 

LEFT) 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-141 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-152: PORTION OF AREA 4F SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, 

 LOOKING NORTH 

 
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-153

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4f

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
A

1

5

9

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-154

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 4f

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-144 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Although STP survey was undertaken in one portion of Archaeological Area 4f that was not 

obviously disturbed based on pedestrian reconnaissance, subsurface testing indicated that even 

that area was disturbed, likely by a nearby buried fiber optic utility corridor. All nine excavated 

STPs showed similar evidence of disturbance, with mixed soils to depths of 1.5 feet (45.7 cm). A 

typical STP profile consisted entirely of various clumps and bands of brownish yellow (10YR 

6/8), dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2), and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam and sandy clay 

with 40 percent gravel (Figure 4-155 and Figure 4-156). 

FIGURE 4-155:DISTURBED STP IN AREA 4F 

2.4'

1.6'

0.8'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I = Various clumps and bands 

 of brownish yellow

 (10YR 6/8), dark grayish 

 brown (2.5Y 4/2), and 

 brownish yellow 

 (10YR 6/6) sandy loam 

 and sandy clay with 

 40% gravel

I

FIGURE 4-156: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 4F, STP 4F-A-5 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-145 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.6 AREA 5: ASHLAND 

The Ashland Area (Area 5) of the DC2RVA Preferred Alternative encompasses those portions of 

the LOD to the north and south of downtown Ashland, located in Hanover County. Beginning in 

the north near the South Anna River and ending on the south near Center Street Road, Area 5 

extends along approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) of the existing CSXT rail. It also extends along U.S. 

Highway 1 (Route 1) to the northwest of that road’s crossing with the existing rail for 

approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 km). The archaeological area identified for Phase IB study with Area 

5 encompass 31.7 acres (12.8 ha) (see Figure 2-4). 

The setting of Area 5 is a mixture of rural and suburban, including both wooded areas, domestic 

lots, and industrial locations. In general, the Phase IB study areas lie along the edges of either the 

existing rail or those roads which cross the rail as it approaches Ashland. These areas were 

generally steeply sloped, particularly in those areas that approach either Route 1 or the 

substantial railroad bridge over the South Anna River (Figure 4-157). Area 5 consists of three 

archaeological areas, Areas 5a through 5c, designated for Phase IB study. Although pedestrian 

survey revealed that the majority of Area 5 was disturbed, at least some portion of each of the 

three areas was sufficiently intact to allow some subsurface testing. 

5

FIGURE 4-157: REPRESENTATIVE VIEW OF AREA 5 SETTING, LOOKING NORTH 

A total of 84 shovel tests was excavated in Area 5. Stratigraphy varied greatly across this area, as 

would be expected from such a small sample over such a large geographic area. Two artifacts 

were recovered from Area 5, resulting in the identification of a single isolated find, ISF 5a-1. No 

features or archaeological sites were identified. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-146 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.6.1 Archaeological Area 5a 

Archaeological Area 5a consists of several survey blocks, located along the existing rail, as well 

as along Cross Corner and Ellets Crossing Roads and Route 1. Archaeological Area 5a begins at 

the South Anna River and continues south across approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) of the existing 

rail corridor, as well as extending out along the aforementioned roads, to encompass a total of 13 

acres (5.3 ha) subjected to Phase IB survey. The APE within Archaeological Area 5a is largely 

occupied by mixed secondary growth forest, with dense brambles and numerous fallen trees, but 

the immediate surroundings outside the corridor are relatively developed including industrial 

and municipal facilities. The pedestrian survey of Archaeological Area 5a revealed wide-spread 

surface and subsurface disturbance, which precluded subsurface testing in most locations. The 

substantial construction grading necessary to build roads and railroads through the rolling 

topography within Archaeological Area 5a resulted in most portions lying in the steep artificial 

slopes leading up from or down to the nearby roads and railroads (Figure 4-158). However, some 

portions of Area 5a were located on level ground that was not obviously disturbed (Figure 4-159). 

Subsurface testing in Archaeological Area 5a included 14 STPs located on three transects (Figure 

4-160 through Figure 4-164). STPs produced two artifacts, resulting in the identification of a single 

isolated find. ISF 5a-1 consisted of two pieces of prehistoric quartz debitage produced from one 

primary STP and one radial STP. ISFs are, by definition, not eligible for NRHP listing. 

FIGURE 4-158: ROAD CONSTRUCTION GRADING DISTURBANCE IN AREA 5A, LOOKING 

NORTHWEST 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-147 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-159: PORTION OF AREA 5A SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING EAST 

 
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-160

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5a

(Map 1 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-161

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5a

(Map 2 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-162

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5a

(Map 3 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
A

1

5

6

ISF 5a-1

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-163

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5a

(Map 4 of 5)

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Isolated Find

Boundary

Negative STP

Positive STP

Disturbed
B

C

1

2

1

4

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-164

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5a

(Map 5 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-153 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP in Archaeological Area 5a reached a depth of 1.0 feet (30.5 cm), with the deepest 

STP excavated to 1.5 feet (45.7 cm). A-horizon soils in Area 5a had an average thickness of 0.5 feet 

(15.2 cm) and ranged from 0.1 feet (3.0 cm) to 0.8 feet (24.4 cm) thick. A typical STP profile for 

Archaeological Area 5a consisted of light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay loam topsoil, overlying light 

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silty clay (Figure 4-165) 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Light olive brown

 (2.5Y 5/3) clay loam

= Light yellowish brown

 (2.5Y 6/4) silty clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-165: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 5A, STP 5A-A-2 

4.6.2 Archaeological Area 5b 

Archaeological Area 5b consists of study blocks lying along the existing rail and along Archie 

Cannon Drive/Vaughan Road in the vicinity of the rail. These blocks span across approximately 

1.3 miles (2.1 km) north to south along the existing CSXT rail line and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) east to 

west along Archie Cannon Drive/Vaughan Road. The portion of Area 5b identified for Phase IB 

study encompasses an area of 11.2 acres (4.5 ha). The setting transitions from the more industrially 

oriented outskirts of Ashland to the essentially suburban setting along Archie Cannon Drive. As 

with much of Area 5, these blocks lie largely in the already graded areas along these 

transportation corridors and are disturbed (Figure 4-166). Several areas extending off Archie 

Cannon Drive/Vaughan Road, however, appeared relatively undisturbed and were subjected to 

STP survey (Figure 4-167). The portions of Archaeological Area 5b identified for Phase IB survey 

were tested with 29 STPs aligned on six transects (Figure 4-168 through Figure 4-174). No artifacts 

were recovered from testing in Area 5b, nor were any sites or features identified. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-154 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-166: ROAD CONSTRUCTION DISTURBANCE IN AREA 5B, LOOKING EAST 

FIGURE 4-167: PORTION OF AREA 5B SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

WEST 
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-168

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 1 of 7)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-169

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 2 of 7)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-170

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 3 of 7)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 50 100Feet

0 20 40

Meters

Figure 4-171

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 4 of 7)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
U-1

V

1

5

7

WX

5

1

6

8

V 9

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 20 40

Meters

Figure 4-172

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 5 of 7)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed
Z

Y

1

5

5

1

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[

0 50 100

Feet

0 20 40

Meters

Figure 4-173

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 6 of 7)

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

Base Mapping: ESRI World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated 

Disturbed
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 50 100Feet

0 20 40

Meters

Figure 4-174

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 7 of 7)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-162 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Average depth of STPs in Archaeological Area 5b was 1.0 feet (30.5 cm) with a maximum depth 

of 1.7 feet (51.8 cm), while A horizons, which ranged from 0.2 feet (6 cm) to 1.3 feet, averaged a 

depth of 0.6 feet (18.3 cm). A typical STP profile in Area 5b consisted of olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) 

sandy loam topsoil which capped light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay subsoil (Figure 4-

175). 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) 

 sandy loam

= Light yellowish brown

 (10YR 6/4) sandy clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-175: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 5B, STP 5B-X-3 

4.6.3 Archaeological Area 5c 

Archaeological Area 5c lies along both sides of Ashcake Road, south of downtown Ashland, at 

Ashcake’s crossing of the existing CSXT railroad. It covers approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 km), with 

one notable larger block running diagonally from Ashcake over approximately 900 feet (274.3 m) 

toward the existing rail. Two additional blocks of survey on Elmont Road were also included in 

Archaeological Area 5c, resulting in a total study area of 7.5 acres (3 ha). Located at the south end 

of Ashland, Archaeological Area 5c is a mixture of suburban and rural settings. The portions of 

Archaeological Area 5c lying immediately adjacent to Ashcake Road were almost entirely 

disturbed by road construction grading and development, though small undisturbed areas were 

found in some areas and tested with STPs (Figure 4-176). The bulk of this subsurface testing took 

place in the pasture lying within the southwest corner of Ashcake’s crossing with the CSXT rail 

(Figure 4-177). Archaeological Area 5c was tested with a total of 41 STPs along 8 transects (Figure 

4-178 through Figure 4-180). All STPs were negative, and no artifacts were recovered from 

Archaeological Area 5c. No archaeological features or sites were identified. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-163 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-176: OVERVIEW OF AREA 5C, LOOKING WEST 

FIGURE 4-177: PASTURE CONTAINING LARGEST PORTION OF AREA 5C SUBJECTED TO 

SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING NORTH 
1

5

10

15

18

E

D

C

B

A

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-178

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5c

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed
H

1

1

G

2

3

23

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-179

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5c

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed
E

F 2 1

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-180

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 5c

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-167 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

STPs in Archaeological Area 5c reached an average depth of 1.2 feet (36.6 cm) and a maximum 

depth of 1.6 feet (48.8 cm). A-horizon soils in Area 5c averaged 0.8 feet (24.4 cm) and ranged from 

0.3 to 1.2 feet (9.1 to 36.6 cm) in depth. A typical soil profile recorded in Area 5c consisted of dark 

olive brown (2.5Y 3/3) sandy loam topsoil overlying brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay 

sterile subsoil (Figure 4-181). 

2.4'

1.6'

0.8'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark olive brown

 (2.5Y 3/3) sandy loam

= Brownish yellow

 (10YR 6/6) sandy clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-181: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 5C, STP 5C-C-12 

4.7 AREA 6: RICHMOND 

The Richmond Area (Area 6) of the DC2RVA Preferred Alternative LOD is located in Henrico 

and Chesterfield Counties and the City of Richmond. Starting in the north, the first portion of 

the Phase IB study is located just south of Interstate Highway 295 (I-295). From there Area 6 

continues south through Glen Allen and towards the City of Richmond, passing through 

downtown Richmond and crossing the James River into the Manchester Area, continuing into 

Chesterfield County and ending at the crossing of Centralia Road and the existing CSXT railroad 

in Centralia (see Figure 2-5). Area 6 spans across approximately 14 miles (22.5 km) of the existing 

railroad corridor and areas within it identified for Phase IB study encompasses 32.8 acres (13.3 

ha). Area 6 consists of eight archaeological areas, 6a through 6h. 

The setting of Area 6 varies substantially from the commuter community settings found in Glen 

Allen and Centralia at either end of Area 6, through the dense commercial development in 

Henrico just north of Richmond, the downtown commercial setting, and heavily industrialized 

areas immediately south of the James River (Figure 4-182). Like much of the project corridor, 

substantial portions of Area 6 were found to be unsuitable for subsurface testing based on the 

pedestrian reconnaissance. This reconnaissance revealed a variety of existing disturbances within 

the APE, mainly consisting of the construction grading and artificially sloped embankments 

associated with the CSXT corridor. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-168 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-182: TYPICAL SETTING IN AREA 6, LOOKING WEST 

Subsurface testing in Area 6 consisted of STP survey, as well as metal detector survey within the 

small areas of the Yellow Tavern Battlefield (043-5108) and Proctor’s Creek Battlefield (020-5320) 

that overlap the APE. A total of 44 STPs was excavated in Area 6, producing 22 artifacts and 

resulting in the identification of a single new site, 44HE1202. Additionally, two sites were 

identified by historic map research (44HE1203 and 44HE1204), while eight previously identified 

sites (44CF0022, 44CF0123, 44CF0260, 44CF0680, 44HE0357, 44HE1094, 44HE1097, and 

44HE1098) that overlap the project area were inspected. 

4.7.1 Archaeological Area 6a 

Archaeological Area 6a, located in Henrico County, has its northern end just south of I-295. From 

there it follows the existing CSXT rail approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south across Mountain 

and Hungary Roads, before ending just south of Hungary Road. It includes small portions 

extending to the east and west along Hungary Road and Mountain Road. The total area 

encompassed by survey in Area 6a was 6.1 acres (2.5 ha). Near Hungary Road, the study area 

overlaps the Yellow Tavern Battlefield (043-5108). Construction grading associated with the 

railroad and the nearby roads, as well as buried utilities and inundation, precluded subsurface 

testing throughout much of Archaeological Area 6a (Figure 4-183 and Figure 4-184). However, 

where the railroad and surrounding land were all relatively level near the crossing of Hungary 

Road, STP survey was performed (Figure 4-185). Metal detection was attempted in the areas 

within the Yellow Tavern Battlefield (043-5108), but the graded, graveled setting and prevalence 

of trash limited the efficacy of that technique. STP survey included the excavation of 31 STPs on 

nine transects (Figure 4-186 through Figure 4-189). A total of 22 artifacts was recovered from Area 

6a, resulting in the identification of a single historic site, 44HE1202, discussed below after the area 

descriptions. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-169 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-183: RAILROAD AND ROAD CONSTRUCTION DISTURBANCE ALONG HUNGARY 

ROAD IN AREA 6A, LOOKING EAST 

FIGURE 4-184: INUNDATION PORTION OF AREA 6A, LOOKING SOUTH 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-170 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-185: PORTION OF AREA 6A SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, NORTH OF 

HUNGARY ROAD, LOOKING NORTH 

 
A

1

5

8

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-186

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6a

(Map 1 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-187

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6a

(Map 2 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-188

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6a

(Map 3 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
1

B

C

Z

T

1

4

U

W

Y

X

8

5

1

44HE1202

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-103

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6a

(Map 4 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary

Negative STP

STP Not Excavated

Positive STP

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-175 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

The average STP in Archaeological Area 6a reached a depth of 1.1 feet, with a maximum depth 

of 1.5 feet, while the A-horizon soils ranged from 0.1 to 1.1 feet, averaging 0.6 feet. A typical 

profile in Area 6a included olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) sandy loam topsoil, under which lay light 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay subsoil (Figure 4-190). 

2.4'

1.6'

0.8'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Olive brown (2.5Y 4/3)

 sandy loam

= Light yellowish brown

 (10YR 6/4) sandy clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-190: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 6A, STP 6A-U-5 

4.7.2 Archaeological Area 6b 

Archaeological Area 6b consists of only two small sections, one in the Amtrak parking lot at 

Bremner Boulevard and Staples Mill Road and the other along Hermitage Road near its 

intersection with Edenbrook Drive. These sections encompass 2.1 acres (0.8 ha). These areas are 

entirely disturbed, with the area at the Amtrak station having been recently paved and graded, 

while the areas along Hermitage Road lie entirely in steep slopes and drainages along the edge 

of that road (Figure 4-191). No STP survey was possible in Archaeological Area 6b, and no sites, 

features, or artifacts were identified (Figure 4-192 and Figure 4-193). 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-176 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-191: AMTRAK STATION CONSTRUCTION DISTURBANCE IN AREA 6B, LOOKING 

SOUTHEAST 
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-192

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6b

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-193

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6b

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-179 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.7.3 Archaeological Area 6c 

Archaeological Area 6c is another small area in Henrico County consisting of a number of blocks 

in one location along the overpass of Dumbarton Road over the existing CSXT rail and another 

pair of survey blocks along the CSXT rail south of Dumbarton Road. The areas identified for 

Phase IB study within Archaeological Area 6c encompass 9.6 acres (3.9 ha). This portion of the 

APE reflects the most heavily developed parts of the Richmond metro area, with disturbance 

related to the railroad, Interstate Highway 64 (I-64), the local road grid, and residential 

development all making the entirety of Archaeological Area 6c unsuitable for subsurface testing. 

The sections along Dumbarton Road lie mainly in the sloped margins of the overpass or in 

graveled front drives with buried utilities, while the sections along the CSXT rail lie in a highly 

deflated and graveled work area (Figure 4-194 and Figure 4-195). Given this widespread 

disturbance, no subsurface testing was undertaken in Archaeological Area 6c (Figure 4-196 and 

Figure 4-197). 

FIGURE 4-194: ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND BURIED UTILITY DISTURBANCE IN AREA 6C 

ALONG DUMBARTON ROAD, LOOKING WEST 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-180 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-195: AREA 6C ALONG CSXT RAIL, LOOKING SOUTH 

 
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Figure 4-196

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6c

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Figure 4-197

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6c

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-183 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.7.4 Archaeological Area 6d 

Archaeological Area 6d consists of a single study block located on the western side of the existing 

rail line, near the intersection of Hermitage Road and Leigh Street in the City of Richmond. The 

area begins approximately 400 feet (121.9 m) northwest of Hermitage Road, and its longest side 

parallels the existing rail for 650 feet (198.1 m) from there. Overall the area, which has a maximum 

width of approximately 185 feet (56.4 m), has a roughly triangular shape and occupies 1.4 acres 

(0.6 ha) in a heavily graded, graveled, and otherwise disturbed wedge of land between an electric 

power substation and the CSXT railroad (Figure 4-198). Subsurface testing in Archaeological Area 

6d was entirely precluded by disturbance. No artifacts were found and no sites or features were 

identified in Archaeological Area 6d (Figure 4-199). 

FIGURE 4-198: OVERVIEW OF AREA 6D, LOOKING NORTHWEST 

 
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-199

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6d

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-185 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.7.5 Archaeological Area 6e 

Archaeological Area 6e consists of two locations identified for Phase IB archaeological study: one 

along St. James Street, just north of downtown Richmond, and the second running adjacent to 

sections of CSXT rail between Oliver Hill Way and I-95, occupying a combined area of 7.1 acres 

(2.9 ha). The portion lying on the west side of St. James Street runs along that road for 

approximately 400 feet (121.9 m) and lies entirely in the extremely steep slope up from that road, 

or in the ditch between the slope and the road (Figure 4-200). The larger area, along the CSXT rail, 

is approximately 2,200 feet (670.6 m) long and is also entirely disturbed, dominated by gravel, 

rubble, and push piles (Figure 4-201). Subsurface testing in Archaeological Area 6e was entirely 

precluded by disturbance. No artifacts were found, and no new sites or features were identified 

during the survey; however, historic map analysis resulted in the identification of two new 

archaeological sites, 44HE1203 and 44HE1204 (Figure 4-202 through Figure 4-204), both described 

below. 

FIGURE 4-200: OVERVIEW OF AREA 6E, LOOKING NORTHWEST 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-186 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-201: ROAD RUNNING THROUGH AREA 6E, LOOKING NORTH 
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-202

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6e

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
44HE1203

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-103

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6e

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary

Disturbed
44HE1204

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-103

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6e

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-190 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.7.6 Archaeological Area 6f 

Archaeological Area 6f is composed of several separate blocks identified for Phase IB 

archaeological study generally organized into three locations. The first of these locations is 

between Commerce Road and the existing CSXT rail as they parallel I-95 near Ancarrow’s 

Landing in Richmond and the remaining two are situated along Ruffin Road and Dale Avenue. 

These sections encompass a total area of 3.4 acres (1.4 ha) identified for Phase IB archaeological 

study. The sections along Commerce and Ruffin Road were subjected to pedestrian survey only, 

as extensive grading activity in the industrial area along Commerce Road, buried utilities in the 

residential area on Ruffin Road, and paved surfaces throughout precluded subsurface 

investigations (Figure 4-205). However, in the wooded area to the south of Dale Avenue, no 

obvious disturbance was observed and as such, a single transect of two STPs was excavated 

(Figure 4-206). No artifacts were found and no sites were identified in Archaeological Area 6f 

(Figure 4-207 through Figure 4-210). 

FIGURE 4-205: ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND SLOPE DISTURBANCE IN AREA 6F ALONG 

COMMERCE ROAD, LOOKING NORTHEAST 

The two STPs excavated in Archaeological Area 6f had relatively similar soils, consisting of thin 

topsoil overlying clayey subsoil. The average STP reached a depth of 0.8 feet (24.4 cm), with the 

deeper STP reaching 1.0 feet (30.5 cm), while the A horizons averaged 0.3 feet (9.1 cm). A 

representative profile consists of brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam overlying light brownish (10YR 

6/2) gray sandy clay (Figure 4-211). 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-191 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-206: PORTION OF AREA 6F SUBJECTED TO SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING 

SOUTH 
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Figure 4-207

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6f

(Map 1 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
6e-1

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Figure 4-203

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6e

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary

Disturbed
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 100 200Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Figure 4-209

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6f

(Map 3 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
1

2

A

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 50 100

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-210

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6f

(Map 4 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-196 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Brown (10YR 4/3)

 sandy loam

= Light brownish gray

 (10YR 6/2) sandy clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-211: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 6F, STP 6F-A-2 

4.7.7 Archaeological Area 6g 

Archaeological Area 6g is located in Chesterfield County and consists of two large locations. The 

larger, northern block is clustered around Elliham Avenue at its overpass of the existing rail. The 

smaller, southern block is located near the intersection of Kingsland and Chester Roads. These 

combine for a total of 2.3 acres (0.9 ha). The southern portion of Archaeological Area 6g was not 

subjected to subsurface testing due to notable surface disturbances. It is situated in an area 

extensively graded and around Kingsland Road’s crossing of the existing rail line and in 

inundated areas as the grading along the rail approaches a creek. The much larger northern 

portion also contains substantial disturbance, as the overpass required substantial grading, and 

the area in general slopes down from I-95 on the east toward the much lower lying rail line. Along 

Elliham Avenue, driveways and the drainage and utilities along the road precluded subsurface 

testing (Figure 4-212). However, two sections, one in a flat field adjacent to the overpass and one 

paralleling the rail on the east, were subjected to subsurface testing (Figure 4-213). 

Subsurface testing in Archaeological Area 6g consisted of 10 STPs located on three transects. A 

very narrow portion of the Proctors Creek Battlefield (020-5320) overlaps the project area south 

of Elliham Avenue, but the steep, and apparently artificial slope in this area made STP and metal 

detector survey impracticable (Figure 4-214). No artifacts were recovered, nor were any new sites 

or features identified (Figure 4-215 through Figure 4-217). Previously identified site 44CF0022 

also intersected the APE in this location; the site is discussed in detail below. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-197 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-212: GRADING OF OVERPASS IN AREA 6G ON ELLIHAM AVENUE, LOOKING WEST 

FIGURE 4-213: PORTION OF AREA 6G, NORTH OF ELLIHAM AVENUE, SUBJECTED TO 

SUBSURFACE TESTING, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-198 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-214: GRADING FROM OVERPASS, WITHIN PROCTORS CREEK BATTLEFIELD, 

LOOKING EAST 

STPS in Archaeological Area 6g reached an average depth of 0.8 feet (9.1 cm) with a maximum 

depth of 1.4 feet (42.7 cm). A-horizon soils in Area 6g STPs had an average thickness of 0.4 feet 

(4.6 cm) and ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 feet (3.0 to 30.5 cm). A typical STP profile in Area 6g consisted 

of dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) silt loam topsoil overlying brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty 

clay subsoil (Figure 4-218). 

 
A

B

1

3

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-215

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6g

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed
1

5 C

44CF0680

44CF0022

44CF0680

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-216

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6g

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed

Previously

Recorded Site
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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 50 100Feet

0 20 40

Meters

Figure 4-217

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6g

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-202 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

2.4'

1.6'

0.8'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Dark yellowish brown

 (10YR 3/4) silt loam

= Brownish yellow

 (10YR 6/6) silty clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-218: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 6G, STP 6G-A-3

4.7.8 Archaeological Area 6h 

Archaeological Area 6h is the southernmost area within the APE. It is located in Chesterfield 

County and consists of three locations identified for Phase IB study lying on the east side of the 

existing CSXT rail between Chester Road and Virginia State Route 288, as well as two smaller 

locations further to the south, lying on either side of Old Lane on the west side of its crossing of 

the existing rail. Combined, these locations within Archaeological Area 6h include 0.7 acres (0.3 

ha). The three northern portions all lie in disturbed areas along the existing CSXT rail (Figure 4-

219). Three portions of this area are traversed by the mapped extent of previously recorded site 

44CF0680, Fort Darling, but no evidence of visible earthworks could be seen within or in the 

viewshed of the project corridor (Figure 4-220). Site 44CF0680 was evaluated as part of the 

previous DC2RVA Phase IB survey (McCloskey et al. 2016) but is discussed further below. 

The southern portion along Old Lane is also largely disturbed, either in graded or graveled areas 

along the road, but a small part of this location appeared undisturbed and was tested with a single 

STP (Figure 4-221 through Figure 4-223). This STP had a profile consisting of an A horizon of 

brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam reaching a depth of 0.7 feet (21.3 cm) overlaying a sterile subsoil 

of light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay sand that was excavated to a depth of 1.1 feet (33.5 cm) 

(Figure 4-224). This portion of Archaeological Area 6h is within Proctors Creek Battlefield (020-

5320), as such metal detector survey was completed. No artifacts were found and no new sites 

were identified in Archaeological Area 6h. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-203 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-219: UTILITY AND RAIL CONSTRUCTION DISTURBANCE ALONG CSXT CORRIDOR 

IN AREA 6H, LOOKING SOUTH 

FIGURE 4-220: VIEW FROM APE IN AREA 6H LOOKING WEST TOWARD LOCATION OF 

44CF0680 
44CF0680

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-221

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6h

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed

Previously

Recorded Site
44CF0260

44CF0680

44CF0680

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-222

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6h

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Disturbed

Previously

Recorded Site
A-1

44CF0680

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 30 60

Meters

Figure 4-223

Survey Results in

Archaeological Area 6h

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Imagery

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Negative STP

Disturbed

Previously

Recorded Site
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-207 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

1.2'

0.8'

0.4'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Brown (10YR 4/3)

 sandy loam

= Light yellowish brown

 (10YR 6/4) clay sand

I

II

FIGURE 4-224: REPRESENTATIVE SOIL PROFILE FROM AREA 6G, STP 6H-A-1 

4.7.9 Previously Recorded Site 44HE0357 

Site 44HE0357, located east of Main Street Station in Richmond, is currently recorded as a 

privy/pit complex dating to the eighteenth and nineteenth century (Figure 4-225). No 

bibliographic reference or other documentation is provided in DHR’s site files, other than to note 

that the site was recorded by then Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) archaeologist 

Lyle Browning. The site form further describes the site as: 

...bounded by the backs of several decrepit buildings on the west and a parking 

lot under tarmacadam on the east. To the north and south are derelict areas. The 

three holes presently open show a black heavily organic nightsoil buildup 

containing oyster shell, late 18th-mid 19th century ceramics, tile drain, metal drain 

frags., and gingerbeer bottles. Local tradition has it that the honeywagons were 

dumped in the vicinity in a small either alley or stream like area. This site is being 

at present severely pothunted by privy hunters for glass and ceramics. [Browning 

1980] 

The site is currently located underneath a paved parking lot to the east of Main Street Station 

(Figure 4-226). Based on its location within a paved parking lot, no Phase IB subsurface 

investigations were undertaken at the site during the current survey; as such the subsurface 

integrity of the site is unknown. However, pedestrian survey of the area did document nearsurface disturbances indicative of the urban location of the site. Excavations in the immediate 

vicinity of this site have demonstrated that cultural deposits have the potential to be preserved, 

buried under modern and historic fill (Laird 2006, 2010). Based on the potential for buried cultural 

deposits within this site location and the inability for the Phase IB methodology of this 

investigation to adequately assess the integrity of any potential deposits, it is recommended that 

site 44HE0357 is potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion D. 

 
44HE1098

44HE1097

44HE0357

44HE1094

44CF0123

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0 100 200

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Figure 4-225

Sites 44HE1098,

44HE1097, 44HE0357,

44HE1094, and 44CF0123

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI 

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-209 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-226: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44HE0357, LOOKING WEST 

4.7.10 Previously Recorded Sites 44HE1094, 44HE1097 and 44SHE1098 

Site 44HE1094 is recorded in DHR site files as a nineteenth-century Commissary Warehouse and 

located in Archaeological Area 6e northwest of the intersection of Interstate Highway 195 (I-195) 

and I-95. The site is currently not evaluated for listing in the NRHP (see Figure 4-225). The site 

was identified during archaeological work in advance of the Richmond Floodwall project in the 

early 1990s. Unfortunately, an archaeological report was never completed in association with this 

Richmond Floodwall project, so little is known about the identification or composition of the 

site. During the current survey, a pedestrian inspection of the site area found it to be located 

within a paved parking lot and extant buildings along 15th Street in Richmond (Figure 4-227). 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-210 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-227: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44HE1094, LOOKING WEST 

Sites 44HE1097 and 44HE1098, located west of Main Street Station in Richmond, were also 

identified during archaeological work in advance of the Richmond Floodwall project in the early 

1990s (see Figure 4-225). Both sites are currently recorded in DHR site records as being 

unevaluated for NRHP listing. DHR site files note site 44HE1097 as a railroad warehouse dating 

to the nineteenth century. DHR files further state that artifacts were collected from the site during 

monitoring associated with the floodwall construction, but do not elaborate on the type or 

number of materials collected. Site 44HE1098 is classified as a railroad site, but no other 

information is noted about the site's function or time period. The site was located during 

excavation and construction of the floodwall, and it was subjected to surface collection efforts 

during construction. Again, the type or number of materials collected is not recorded. Both sites 

are currently located underneath a paved parking lot adjacent to Main Street Station (Figure 4-

228). 

Given their location within paved parking lots and extant building, Phase IB subsurface 

investigations were not undertaken at these sites, as such the subsurface integrity of these sites is 

unknown as a result of this survey. Other excavations in the immediate vicinity of these sites 

have demonstrated that cultural deposits have the potential to be preserved, buried under 

modern and historic fill (Laird 2006, 2010). Based on the potential for buried cultural deposits 

within these site locations and the inability for the Phase IB methodology of this investigation to 

adequately assess the integrity of any potential deposits, it is recommended that sites 44HE1094, 

44HE1097, and 44HE1098 are potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion D. 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-211 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-228: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44HE1098, LOOKING NORTH (TOP); OVERVIEW OF 

SITES 44HE1097 AND 44HE1098, LOOKING NORTH (BOTTOM) 

4.7.11 Previously Recorded Site 44CF0022 

Site 44CF0022 is listed as an Archaic lithic scatter with a Woodland component that has not been 

evaluated for NRHP listing. The majority of the site is mapped to the east of the project area 

(Figure 4-229). The portions of the site lying within the APE are situated within the steeply sloped 

margins along I-95 and the substantially lower-lying CSXT rail line (Figure 4-230). To obtain 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-212 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

some information about this site, STPs were placed on a somewhat level area on the side of this 

slope. Five STPs were excavated and all contained deflated soils, with a thin topsoil, less than 0.1 

feet (3.0 cm) in all STPs transitioning into gravelly sandy clay subsoil. No artifacts were recovered 

and no features identified. As the majority of the site lies outside the current project area, it is 

recommended that the site remain unevaluated. However, given the highly eroded soils and 

widespread grading and road disturbance within Site 44CF0022 as it overlaps the current project 

area it is recommended that those portions of the site lying within the project area do not 

contribute to potential NRHP eligibility under Criterion D. 

 
44CF0022

44CF0680

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[

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Figure 4-229

Sites 44CF0022

and 44CF0680

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-214 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-230: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44CF0022 WITHIN APE, LOOKING NORTH 

 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-215 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.7.12 Previously Recorded Site 44CF0123 

Site 44CF0123, the Maury Street site, is an unevaluated multicomponent site with Early 

Woodland and nineteenth-century components, described as a prehistoric camp and historic 

dwelling. The portions of the site within the APE are located within heavily disturbed and graded 

areas owned by Richmond public utilities and in the artificially sloped surfaces associated with 

the Richmond Floodwall network (see Figure 4-225 and Figure 4-231). The extensive disturbance 

of the site within the current project area precluded subsurface testing, but observable conditions 

indicate that it is unlikely that intact archaeological deposits remain in those portions of the site. 

Because a substantial portion of the site lies outside the current survey area it is recommend that 

the site as a whole remain unevaluated, but given the conditions within the project area it is 

recommended that those portions of 44CF0123 lying within the project area do not contribute 

to potential NRHP eligibility under Criterion D. 

FIGURE 4-231: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44CF0123 WITHIN APE, LOOKING WEST 

4.7.13 Previously Recorded Site 44CF0260 

Site 44CF0260, a surface scatter of prehistoric lithics, lies on the south side of State Route 288, 

within a graded area between the SR 288 onramp and a large retention pond (Figure 4-232). A 

very small section of the site is situated within Archaeological Area 6h of the current 

investigation. A pedestrian survey of the site location was conducted and found that the area in 

which the site is located has little integrity remaining (Figure 4-233). The site was originally 

recorded as a surface scatter, but pedestrian survey identified no artifacts or features present on 

the ground surface. Based on the results of the pedestrian survey, no subsurface testing was 

conducted within the site area. Because a substantial portion of the site lies outside the current 

survey area, it is recommended that the site as a whole remain unevaluated, but given the 

conditions within the project area it is recommended that those portions of 44CF0260 lying 

within the project area do not contribute to potential NRHP eligibility under Criterion D. 
44CF0260

44CF0680

44CF0680

44CF0680

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[ 0 300 600Feet

0 100 200

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Figure 4-232

Sites 44CF0260

and 44CF0680

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-217 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-233: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44CF0260 WITHIN APE, LOOKING SOUTH 

4.7.14 Previously Recorded Site 44CF0680 

Site 44CF0680, Fort Darling or Centralia Earthworks site, is a large complex of earthworks and 

other encampment features associated with the Civil War activity south of Richmond. DHR has 

determined this site to be eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and C, and it is associated with 

architectural resource 020-0022. Archaeological Area 6h intersects the mapped extent of 

previously recorded site 44CF0680 in three locations, but no evidence of visible earthworks could 

be seen from the project corridor at any location (see Figure 4-220 and Figure 4-234). This resource, 

taken as a whole, was recommended in the McCloskey et al. (2016) to be eligible for the NRHP 

under Criteria A and C, and DHR concurred with this recommendation in a letter dated October 

11, 2016. Because of its notable association with the Civil War and preservation in other locations, 

it is recommended that site 44CF0680 remains eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and C. 

The subsurface integrity of the segments of the site overlapping the APE, however, have been 

compromised by the railroad construction and lack any visible evidence of earthworks, as such 

the portions of this site within the APE do not contribute to overall site eligibility. 

 
44CF0680

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[

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Figure 4-234

Site 44CF080

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-219 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.7.15 Newly Identified Site 44HE1202 

4.7.15.1 Site Description 

Site 44HE1202 is located in a small wooded area on the eastern side of the CSXT rail line, between 

the rail and Mayfair Avenue, just south of Hungary Road in Glen Allen, Henrico County (Figure 

4-235). This site appears to be a refuse scatter dating to the twentieth century (Figure 4-236). The 

site was initially identified during STP survey, via the recovery of 22 artifacts in five STPs. The 

site was bounded by negative STPs to the north and west, disturbance to the east and the project 

boundary to the south. Though no structural remains of a house or other building were observed 

within the project area, periwinkle abounded in the vicinity of the positive STPs, which could be 

indicative of intentional planting by historic occupants, suggesting the possibility of a house site. 

Ground surfaces in and around the site show substantial signs of disturbance, and the soils and 

inundation nearby indicate that the area may occasionally be flooded. The area is generally 

characterized by level topography and young deciduous trees, with a dense understory of vines 

and brambles, as well as the aforementioned periwinkle ground coverage. Site 44HE1202 

measures approximately 110 feet (33.5 feet) north to south and 50 feet (15.2 m) east to west, 

encompassing an area of 0.1 acres (404 m). Site 44HE1202 lies at 215.4 feet (65.7 m) AMSL. 

The assemblage recovered from site 44HE1202 includes 22 artifacts dating to the early-twentieth 

century. The artifacts primarily include clear, brilliant green, and aqua bottle glass likely 

representing casual discard rather than being indicative of a domestic occupation. Additional 

materials include nails, both machine-cut and those of indeterminate manufacturing, window 

glass, and a fragment of ironstone. 

 
44HE1202

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Figure 4-235

Site 44HE1202

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-221 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-236: GENERAL VIEW OF SITE 44HE1202, FACING NORTH 

The average depth of STPs within the site was 1.3 feet (39.6 cm), with the deepest STP also 

extending to a depth of 1.3 feet (39.6 cm). The average A horizon measured 0.8 feet (24.4 cm). The 

maximum A-horizon measurement within the site measured 0.9 feet (27.4 cm). The typical STP 

within the site contained two levels. Stratum I consists of a black (2.5Y 2.5/1) sandy loam which 

overlaid a subsoil consisting of a light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay (Figure 4-237). 

2.4'

1.6'

0.8'

0

Munsell:

Unexcavated

I

II

= Black (2.5Y 2.5/1)

 sandy loam

= Light yellowish brown

 (10YR 6/4) sandy clay

I

II

FIGURE 4-237: REPRESENTATIVE STP PROFILE FOR SITE 44HE1202 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-222 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

4.7.15.2 Evaluation and Significance 

Site 44HE1202 is likely a twentieth-century refuse scatter. Given the lack of evidence for a 

structure in the site boundaries and the widespread disturbance, as well as the abundance of sites 

dating to this period, it is unlikely that the site would yield significant information about 

twentieth-century occupation of the Glen Allen area, as such the site is not eligible for NRHP 

listing under criterion D. Nor is the site associated with a historical event or pattern of events 

(Criterion A) or significant persons (Criterion B) and the deposits do not illustrate distinctive 

characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction (Criterion C). As such, it is

recommended that site 44HE1202 is not eligible for NRHP listing. 

4.7.16 Newly Identified Site 44HE1203 

4.7.16.1 Site Description 

Site 44HE1203 is located in an urban setting (Figure 4-238 and Figure 4-239) on the west side of 

the CSXT rail line, along Hospital Street in Richmond, within the northern portion of 

Archaeological Area 6e. This site represents the “Grave Yard for Free People of Color and Slaves” 

identified solely based on current historic map analysis. The site was identified based on the 

Micajah Bates 1835 Plan of the City of Richmond Drawn From Actual Survey and Regional Plans (Figure 

4-239). Phase IB pedestrian survey of this portion of the APE indicated near-surface disturbance 

to the site location from buried utility corridors, modern development of the location, and 

construction associated with the modern alignment of Hospital Street. Given the presence of 

multiple near-surface disturbances, no subsurface testing was undertaken at the location and 

thus, no subsurface deposits associated with the site have been identified. The site, as defined 

from historic map analysis, measures 350 x 500 feet (106.7 x 152.4 m), encompasses an 

approximate area of 3.3 acres (1.3 ha), and is located at approximately 105 feet (32 m) AMSL. 

 
44HE1203

44HE1204

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Figure 4-238

Sites 44HE1203

and 44HE1204

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
44HE1203

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[

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Figure 4-239

Site 44HE1203 Bates 1835

Historic Map Overlay

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-225 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Further evidence of the presence of the “Grave Yard for Free People of Color and Slaves” as noted 

by Bates (1835) comes from previous archaeological investigations undertaken in advance of the 

proposed widening of I-64, of which the project area partially overlaps the DC2RVA 

archaeological APE (Calhoun 2013). The archaeological investigation, completed on behalf of 

VDOT, included the excavation of a series of backhoe trenches used to assess the stratigraphy 

and presence of archaeological features within the 0.68-acre (0.28-ha) project area. Extensive 

documentary, map, and background research as to the location and extent of the purported 

cemetery was conducted by VDOT in advance of the archaeological investigation (Calhoun 2013). 

The study noted that the cemetery location shows up intermittently on maps of city, including 

Beers (1877), Ellyson (1856), and Michler (1867). Documentary evidence of the cemetery was also 

noted in Richmond City Council Minutes from 1816 and an advertisement in the Richmond 

Enquirer in 1816 (see images in Calhoun 2013). In a discussion of the documentary evidence, 

Calhoun speculated that the interments may have been moved from the cemetery location to 

make way for the 1890 construction of the 5th Street Viaduct (now the Stonewall Jackson Bridge) 

and were reinterred in the graveyard at the Richmond Penitentiary. An excerpt from this report 

outlines the speculation on the individuals buried at the cemetery: 

Burying Ground were removed prior to, or during, the construction of the 1890 

viaduct and that [sic] they were reinterred in the graveyard at the Richmond 

Penitentiary. The Richmond Penitentiary closed in the early 1990s, and all of the 

graves were removed from the property and it was sold. During the archaeological 

exhumation, it was noted that dispersed amongst the prison burials were some 

that contained more than one individual and that were not consistent with other 

burials at the penitentiary. Kathy Biedleman, who directed the project, stated that 

she accessed records that indicated that these burials were originally interred in 

the Burying Ground and that when the viaduct was constructed in 1890, they were 

moved to the penitentiary (Interview with Robert Clarke). Unfortunately, the 

research conducted for the purpose of this report did not discover any records that 

substantiate this claim, and the several attempts to contact Ms. Biedleman have 

been unsuccessful. [Calhoun 2013] 

Despite overwhelming documentary evidence of the cemetery, no physical archaeological 

evidence was documented in the 2013 project area. Instead the geoarchaeological assessment 

indicated that the project area stratigraphy consisted of vary degrees of modern fill deposited on 

top of truncated ancient marine soils. The documentary and geoarchaeological analysis indicated 

that if the cemetery remains intact, that it was likely located at the crest of the valley slope 

immediately east of the extant Shockoe Hill Cemetery (127-0389) and Hebrew Cemetery (127-

6166). This location, as proposed by Calhoun (2013), is currently recorded as an above-ground 

resource, Talley’s Auto Service Center, located at 1305 N 5th Street (127-6660). 

 4.7.16.2 Evaluation and Significance 

Site 44HE1203 is a nineteenth-century “Grave Yard for Free People of Color and Slaves” as 

identified by Bates 1835. According to documentary evidence it was established circa 1816 and 

likely abandoned circa 1890. No subsurface excavations were conducted within the cemetery 

area, as such the cemetery has not been delineated. Pedestrian survey of the cemetery area within 

the current APE indicated a variety of modern disturbances. The APE within the site area is 

confined to the sidewalks north of Hospital Street, the road itself, and the slope immediately 

south of Hospital Street. Pedestrian survey of the site location indicates that the disturbance noted 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-226 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

within the APE, most notably the grading needed to construct Hospital Street (approximately 10 

feet [3 m]) would have disturbed the cemetery location (Figure 4-240). As such, the portion of 

site 44HE1203 within the APE lacks subsurface integrity and therefore does not contribute the 

site’s overall NRHP eligibility. However, it is recommended that site 44HE1203 should be 

considered unevaluated for the NRHP as no subsurface investigations within site location have 

been undertaken. It is further noted that Calhoun’s (2013) recommendation that if the cemetery 

remains intact, it would likely be located at the crest of the valley slope under the footprint of 

current Tallys Auto Shop, remains valid (Figure 4-241). The current survey noted that the crest of 

the valley slope, to the north of the current APE, appeared visually intact and not subjected to the 

extensive grading observed in the portion of the site within the APE. 

FIGURE 4-240: OVERVIEW OF SITE 44HE1203 NOTING GRADING OF HOSPITAL STEET, 

LOOKING EAST 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-227 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

FIGURE 4-241: SITE 44HE1203, ASSUMED INTACT PORTION OF THE SITE (AT THE CREST OF 

THE VALLEY SLOPE) IS CIRCLED IN RED, LOOKING WEST 

4.7.17 Newly Identified Site 44HE1204 

4.7.17.1 Site Description 

Site 44HE1204 is located in an urban setting (see Figure 4-238 and Figure 4-242) on the east side 

of the CSXT rail line, directly north of I-95, within the southern portion of Archaeological Area 

6e. This site represents Carrington’s Mill and associated mill race, identified based solely on 

historic map analysis. The site was identified based on the Micajah Bates’ 1835 Plan of the City of 

Richmond Drawn From Actual Survey and Regional Plans and also noted on the F.W. Beers’ 1877 Map 

of the City of Richmond. Phase IB pedestrian survey of this portion of the APE indicated nearsurface disturbance to the site location from buried utility corridors, modern development of the 

location, and construction associated with the modern alignment the railway (Figure 4-243). 

Based on the presence of multiple surface disturbances, no subsurface testing was undertaken at 

the location and thus no subsurface deposits associated with the site have been identified. The 

site, as defined from historic map projection, measures 1,400 x 150 feet (426.7 x 45.7 m), 

encompasses an approximate area of 1.8 acres (0.7 ha), and is located at approximately 90 feet 

(27.4 m) AMSL. 

 
44HE1204

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[

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Figure 4-242

Site 44HE1204 Bates 1835

Historic Map Overlay

Base Mapping: 2013 ESRI

USA Topo Map

Legend

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE

Site Boundary
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-229 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Figure 4-243: Overview of Site 44HE1204, Noting BURIED UTILITY Corridor, MODERN Road, 

AND RAILROAD Disturbance, Looking Southeast 

Carrington’s Mill first appears on the 1835 Bates maps and preliminary research was unable to 

define how long the mill had been operational by this time. The map shown in Figure 4-242 

indicates the canal running south from Shockoe Creek, the location of the mill wheel evidenced 

by the gap between the canal and the mill building, the mill building itself, and associated mill 

race. Research indicates that Colonel George M. Carrington owned the mill as well as the 

surrounding property and employed Anthony Victor as his manager/proprietor of the mill 

operations (Richmond Enquirer 1850). Based on advertisements in the Richmond Enquirer it seems 

that Carrington’s was a grist mill that also facilitated the storage of ice for the public. On May 14, 

1847, a notice was placed in the Richmond Enquirer stating that Carrington’s Mill would accept 

deposits of ice for the public and in 1849, Anthony Victor placed notices that “2,000 bbls best 

white corn wanted at Carrington’s Mill, which the highest cash price will be given” (Richmond 

Enquirer 1847 and 1849). While the mill suffered notable damages from a flood in the summer of 

1850, newspaper accounts in the years following suggest that Colonel Carrington repaired and 

rebuilt to continue his operation. However, this would seemingly not last long. On March 17, 

1852, notice was placed in the Richmond Times Dispatch that Colonel Carrington’s proprietor, 

Anthony Victor, was charged with shooting a man in the face over a young lady that was living 

in the house with Mr. Victor (Richmond Times Dispatch 1852). Victor was eventually charged with 

feloniously shooting a man and was sentenced to confinement in the penitentiary for three years 

(Richmond Enquirer 1852). 

By 1854, the mill is referenced as “Carrington’s Old Mill” indicating the mill was no longer 

operational. A specific notice in the Richmond Times Dispatch on June 24, 1854 mentions “a gang 

of little boys...who are in the habit of bathing in Shockoe Creek.....While the officers are 
RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-230 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

endeavoring to break up this indecent habit on the part of the boys, we will suggest to them the 

property of having an eye to the pond at Carrington’s old mill, where grown men congregate of 

evenings to bathe” (Richmond Times Dispatch 1854). Three years later, Colonel Carrington passed 

away with all of his personal possessions and presumably his real estate being sold at auction 

(Richmond Times Dispatch 1857). 

4.7.17.2 Evaluation and Significance 

Site 44HE1204 is an early-nineteenth-century mill site as identified by Bates 1835. According to 

documentary evidence it was established circa 1835 and likely abandoned by the 1850s. No 

subsurface excavations were conducted within the location of the mill site and, as such, the mill 

and associated infrastructure have not been delineated. Pedestrian survey of the mill site within 

the current APE indicated a variety of modern disturbances. The APE within the site area is 

confined to a wooded parcel along CSXT right-of-way. Pedestrian survey of the site location 

indicates that the disturbance noted within the APE, most notably buried utility corridors, 

modern development, and construction associated with the modern alignment the railway would 

have removed any trace of the former mill site. As such, the portion of site 44HE1204 within the 

APE lacks subsurface integrity and therefore cannot contribute the site’s overall NRHP 

eligibility. However, it is recommended that site 44HE1204 should be considered unevaluated 

for the NRHP as no subsurface investigations within the site location have been undertaken. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

The proposed DC2RVA preferred alternative of the SEHSR project was examined through a 

Phase IB archaeological survey. The proposed project is being completed under the auspices of 

the FRA in conjunction with the DRPT. Because of the FRA’s involvement, the undertaking is 

required to comply with the NEPA of 1969 and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation 

Act of 1966, as amended. The project is being completed as DHR File Review #2014-0666. 

The archaeological APE for the DC2RVA project includes the footprint of physical improvements 

associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any associated roadwork. 

The APE of the mainline was the subject of archaeological survey in 2015 and 2016. The results 

were summarized in a report (McCloskey et al. 2016) and submitted to the DHR for review. Since 

the conclusion of the previous Phase IB archaeological work, a draft EIS resulting in the selection 

of a Preferred Alternative has been completed. Additionally, engineering and design work has 

been completed for the corridor resulting in the definition of the physical footprint of 

improvements for the selected Preferred Alternative, including all road modifications, 

straightening of curves, the addition of wyes, proposed station locations, parking areas, etc. As 

such, the APE studied as part of the current report was defined by the LOD of the Preferred 

Alternative, and is generally located along the existing 123-mile (198-km) CSXT rail corridor. The 

goals of the Phase IB survey were to identify archaeological sites greater than 50 years in age and 

to provide an initial assessment of the physical integrity and research potential of any 

archaeological sites discovered within the APE in relation to potential NRHP eligibility. 

The archaeological study consisted of a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing, supplemented 

by metal detector survey, throughout the APE beyond the limits of previous Phase IB 

investigations. Based on the pedestrian survey, subsurface testing (and, where necessary, metal 

detector survey) was carried out in locations deemed to have potential for intact subsurface 

deposits. Additionally, all sites within the APE not addressed by the previous DC2RVA Phase IB 

archaeological study, determined eligible or potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP, and those 

previously recorded sites that had not been evaluated by the DHR were examined. The 

archaeological areas subjected to Phase IB study, inclusive of pedestrian and subsurface testing, 

encompass 158.8 acres (64.3 ha). 

A total of 511 STPs was excavated within areas identified for Phase IB study along the 123-milelong (198-km) APE. The excavation of shovel tests and metal detector hits resulted in the recovery 

of 140 artifacts that date predominantly to the historic period. Two locations identified for Phase 

IB study were not accessible at the time of the current investigation. The inaccessible portions of 

Archaeological Area 2k (off Union Camp Road in Stafford County) and Archaeological Area 3e 

(along Benchmark Road in Spotsylvania County) are not included within the results and 

recommendations presented in the scope of this report. 

5 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-2 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Phase IB survey resulted in the identification of 23 archaeological sites and 5 isolated finds within 

the surveyed portions of the APE (Table 5-1). Of these 23 archaeological sites, 17 were previously 

identified archaeological sites and 6 were newly recorded. Based on this survey it is 

recommended that one site, 44CF0680, remains eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criteria 

A and C. However, the portion of site 44CF0680 within the APE does not contribute to overall 

site eligibility. The survey identified nine archaeological sites (44HE0357, 44HE1097, 44HE1098, 

44HE1094, 44SP0187, 44SP0468, 44SP0687, 44SP0688, and 44ST1223) that are recommended 

potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion D. It is further recommended that 

nine sites (44CF0022, 44CF0123, 44CF0260, 44HE1203, 44HE1204, 44PW1008, 44ST0011, 

44ST0270, and 44ST0271) are or remain unevaluated for the NRHP, but that the portions of all 

these sites within the APE do no contribute to their overall site eligibility. The remaining four 

archaeological sites (44HE1202, 44SP0767, 44SP0768, and 44ST1224,) are all recommended not 

eligible for listing in the NRHP. However, sites 44ST1224 and 44SP0786 are both small family 

cemeteries that have not been fully delineated, so they should be avoided or their boundaries 

defined. 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES 

DC2RVA 

Project Area 

DHR 

Number Type Recommendation 

2f 44PW1008 Indeterminate Type or Age Unevaluated; Portion in APE does not 

contribute to Eligibility 

2k 44ST1223 Civil War Campsite; Nineteenth 

Century Potentially Eligible under Criterion D 

2k 44ST1224/ 

089-5624 

Daffan Family Cemetery; MidNineteenth Century Not Eligible 

2k 44ST0271 Civil War Camp; Nineteenth Century Unevaluated; Portion in APE does not 

contribute to Eligibility 

2k 44ST0270 Civil War Camp; Nineteenth Century Unevaluated; Portion in APE does not 

contribute to Eligibility 

3a 44ST0011 Indeterminate; Unknown Prehistoric and 

Colonial 

Unevaluated; Portion in APE does not 

contribute to Eligibility 

3b 44SP0187 Marye’s Mill; Nineteenth Century Potentially Eligible under Criteria A and D 

3b 44SP0687 Fredericksburg Block 48; Late Archaic 

through Twentieth Century Potentially Eligible under Criterion D 

3b 44SP0688 Fredericksburg Block 49; Late Archaic 

through Twentieth Century Potentially Eligible under Criterion D 

3d 44SP0468 Jackson’s Earthwork-Encampment; 

Nineteenth Century Potentially Eligible under Criteria A and D 

3f 44SP0768/ 

088-5511 

Family Cemetery and Artifact Scatter; 

Twentieth Century Not Eligible 

3f 44SP0767/ 

088-5516 

Civil War Earthwork; Nineteenth 

century Not Eligible 

6a 44HE1202 Refuse Scatter; Twentieth Century Not Eligible 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-3 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES 

DC2RVA 

Project Area 

DHR 

Number Type Recommendation 

6e 44HE1203 

Cemetery: “Grave Yard for Free People 

of Color and Slaves”; Nineteenth 

Century 

Unevaluated; Portion in APE does not 

contribute to Eligibility 

6e 44HE1204 Carrington’s Mill; Early-Nineteenth 

Century 

Unevaluated; Portion in APE does not 

contribute to Eligibility 

6e 44HE0357 Privy/Pit Complex; Eighteenth through 

Nineteenth Century Potentially Eligible under Criterion D 

6e 44HE1097 Railroad Warehouse; Nineteenth 

Century Potentially Eligible under Criterion D 

6e 44HE1098 Railroad Site; Indeterminate Age Potentially Eligible under Criterion D 

6e 44HE1094 Commissary Warehouse; Nineteenth 

Century Potentially Eligible under Criterion D 

6f 44CF0123 Camp and Dwelling; Early Woodland 

and Nineteenth Century 

Unevaluated; Portion in APE does not 

contribute to Eligibility 

6g 44CF0022 Lithic Scatter; Archaic through 

Woodland 

Unevaluated; Portion in APE does not 

contribute to Eligibility 

6h 44CF0260 Lithic Scatter; Unknown Prehistoric Unevaluated; Portion in APE does not 

contribute to Eligibility 

6h 44CF0680 Fort Darling/Centralia Earthworks; 

Nineteenth Century 

Eligible under Criteria A and C; Portion in 

APE does not contribute to Eligibility 

Source: Dovetail 2018 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

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D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-4 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

Manning, M. Chris, and Michelle Salvato 

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Speed Rail Project: Crossroads to Guinea (XRGU), Guinea to Milford (GUMD), and Milford 

to North Doswell (MDND) Segments, Spotsylvania, Carline, and Hanover Counties. 

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2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High 

Speed Rail Project: North Doswell to Elmont (NDEL) Segment, Hanover County. DC2RVA 

Team, Richmond, Virginia. 

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REFERENCES 

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 Preferred Alternative 

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1919 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Fredericksburg, Independent Cities, Virginia. Sanborn 

Map Company. Electronic document, www.loc.gov/item/sanborn09021_006/, 

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Speed Rail Project: Rosslyn to Alexandria (ROAF) Segment, Arlington County and the City 

of Alexandria. DC2RVA Team, Richmond, Virginia. 

Staton, Heather Dollins, M. Chris Manning, and Adriana Lesiuk 

2016b Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High 

Speed Rail Project: Lorton to Powells Creek (LOPC) Segment, Prince William and Fairfax 

Counties. DC2RVA Team, Richmond, Virginia. 

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Speed Rail Project: Dahlgren Junction to Fredericksburg (DJFB) Segment, City of 

Fredericksburg and Stafford County. DC2RVA Team, Richmond, Virginia. 

Sylvester, Caitlin, and Heather Dollins Staton 

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Speed Rail Project: Greendale to SAY/WAY (GNSA), SAY/WAY to AM Jct (SAAM), and 

Buckingham Branch/Hospital Wye (BBHW)) Segments, Henrico County and the City of 

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Whittaker, John C. 

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D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

APPENDIX A: MAPS DETAILING ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS 
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Richmond Richmond

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 500 1,000

Feet

0 200 400

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2a (Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 500 1,000

Feet

0 200 400

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 2a

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 500 1,000

Feet

0 200 400

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2a (Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

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FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Richmond Richmond

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2b (Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

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FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Richmond Richmond

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2c (Map 1 of 1)

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Archaeological APE
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Richmond Richmond

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2d (Map 1 of 1)

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FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Richmond Richmond

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2e (Map 1 of 1)

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World Topo

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FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2f (Map 1 of 1)

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World Topo

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FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2g (Map 1 of 1)

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World Topo

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FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Richmond Richmond

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2h (Map 1 of 2)

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FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2h (Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

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FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

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Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2i (Map 1 of 3)

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World Topo

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FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

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State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2i (Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

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Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
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Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2i (Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2j (Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2k (Map 1 of 6)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2k (Map 2 of 6)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2k (Map 3 of 6)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 

2k (Map 4 of 6)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters Overview of

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 5 of 6)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 2k

(Map 6 of 6)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3a

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3b

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3c

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3d

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 60 120

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3e

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 1 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 2 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 3 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 4 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 100 200

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 3f

(Map 5 of 5)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 4b

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 4b

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 4c

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 4c

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 4d

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 4e

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 4f

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 4f

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 5a

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 5a

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 5a

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 1 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 2 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 3 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 5b

(Map 4 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 5c

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 5c

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6a

(Map 1 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6a

(Map 2 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6a

(Map 3 of 3)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6b

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6c

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6c

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6d

(Map 1 of 1)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6e

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 200 400

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6e

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6f

(Map 1 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6f

(Map 2 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6f

(Map 3 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6f

(Map 4 of 4)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6g

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 100 200

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6g

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6h

(Map 1 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
\\DTS2\Main Job\14-015 RAPS\GIS\2018Work\14_015_RAPS_AE_2018New.mxd | Last Updated: 04.16.2018

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

Richmond Richmond

04/2018

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[

0 150 300

Feet

0 50 100

Meters

Overview of

Archaeological Area 6h

(Map 2 of 2)

Base Mapping: ESRI 

World Topo

Legend

Phase IB Survey

FEIS LOD/

Archaeological APE
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail B-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

APPENDIX B: SHOVEL TEST CATALOG 
TABLE B-1: SHOVEL TEST CATALOG

Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2c A 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black silty sand with road gravel and ballast

2c A 1 II 0.40 0.90 2.5Y 7/8 yellow clay with ballast terminated - rock impasse

2c A 2 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silt loam

2c A 2 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay mottled with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay disturbed

2c B 1 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silt loam

2c B 1 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand with 2.5Y 7/8 yellow clay

2c B 1 III 1.30 1.60 2.5Y 7/8 yellow clay

2c B 2 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silt loam

2c B 2 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay mottled with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2c C 1 I 0.00 0.30 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown silty clay

2c C 1 II 0.30 1.10 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown with 2.5Y 7/6 yellow silty clay

2c C 1 III 1.10 1.70 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay with 2.5Y 7/6 yellow clay loam

2c C 2 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2c C 2 II 0.30 1.00 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown silt loam with 2.5Y 7/6 yellow clay loam

2c C 3 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2c C 3 II 0.40 0.80 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown silt loam with 2.5Y 7/6 yellow clay loam

2c C 4 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2c C 4 II 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown silt loam with 2.5Y 7/6 yellow clay loam

2d A 1 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 2 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 3 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 4 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 5 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 6 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 7 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 8 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 9 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 10 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 11 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 12 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 13 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 14 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 15 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 16 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 17 Not Excavated disturbed

2d A 18 Not Excavated disturbed

2d B 1 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 1 II 0.60 0.90 10YR 4/3 brown with 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 1 III 0.90 1.10 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown with 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay and 10YR 7/1 light gray 

clay

2d B 1 IV 1.10 1.80 2.5Y 6/1 gray clay

2d B 2 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 2 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 4/3 brown with 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2d B 2 III 0.90 1.20 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown with 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay and 10YR 7/1 light gray 

clay

2d B 2 IV 1.20 1.60 2.5Y 6/1 gray clay

2d B 3 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 3 II 0.40 1.40 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 4 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 4 II 0.50 1.00 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 5 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 5 II 0.60 0.90 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 6 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 6 II 0.70 1.10 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 7 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 7 II 0.40 0.80 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 8 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 8 II 0.30 0.70 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 9 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 9 II 0.50 1.00 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 10 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 10 II 0.70 1.10 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 11 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 11 II 0.30 0.70 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 12 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 12 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 4/3 brown with 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 12 III 0.90 1.20 7.5YR 6/1 gray clay

2d B 13 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 13 II 0.40 0.80 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 14 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 14 II 0.70 1.10 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 15 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 15 II 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 16 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 16 II 0.30 0.80 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 17 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 17 II 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay loam with 10YR 7/1 light gray clay

2d B 18 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silty clay with coal and ash

2d B 18 II 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown clay with 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2e A 1 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e A 1 II 0.20 0.40 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2e A 1 III 0.40 0.80 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

2e A 2 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e A 2 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2e A 2 III 0.60 1.10 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay loam

2e A 3 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e A 3 II 0.40 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2e A 3 III 0.70 0.90 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay loam terminated - root impasse
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2e A 4 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e A 4 II 0.40 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2e A 4 III 0.60 0.90 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay loam

2e A 5 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e A 5 II 0.40 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2e A 5 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay loam

2e A 6 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e A 6 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2e A 6 III 0.70 0.90 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay loam terminated - root impasse

2e B 1 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam terminated - root impasse

2e C 1 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e C 1 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown loam

2e C 1 III 0.70 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

2e C 2 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e C 2 II 0.10 0.50 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown loam

2e C 2 III 0.50 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray clay

2e C 3 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e C 3 II 0.10 0.30 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown loam

2e C 3 III 0.30 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray clay

2e C 4 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e C 4 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown loam

2e C 4 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray clay

2e C 5 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam

2e C 5 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown loam

2e C 5 III 0.60 0.90 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray clay

2e C 6 Not Excavated buried cable line and push pile

2e D 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 1 II 0.40 1.00 2.5Y 6/6 olive yellow sandy clay

2e D 2 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 2 II 0.30 0.50 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

2e D 2 III 0.50 0.90 2.5YR 6/6 light red with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray sandy clay

2e D 3 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 3 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

2e D 3 III 0.60 1.00 2.5YR 6/6 light red with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray sandy clay

2e D 4 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 4 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

2e D 4 III 0.70 1.00 2.5YR 6/6 light red with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray sandy clay

2e D 5 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 5 II 0.50 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

2e D 5 III 0.70 1.20 2.5YR 6/6 light red with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray sandy clay

2e D 6 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 6 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

2e D 6 III 0.70 1.00 2.5YR 6/6 light red with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray sandy clay

2e D 7 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 7 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2e D 7 III 0.60 1.10 2.5YR 6/6 light red with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray sandy clay

2e D 8 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 8 II 0.10 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

2e D 8 III 0.50 1.00 2.5YR 6/6 light red with pockets of 5Y 6/2 light olive gray and mottles of 7.5YR 5/6 

strong brown sandy clay

2e D 9 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 9 II 0.30 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

2e D 9 III 0.40 1.00 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay

2e D 10 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

2e D 10 II 0.40 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

2e D 10 III 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay

2f A 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone disturbed

2f A 1 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 2 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 2 II 0.30 0.90 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 3 Not Excavated push piles

2f A 4 Not Excavated push piles

2f A 5 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 5 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 6 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 6 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 7 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 7 II 0.30 0.80 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 8 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam with 10YR 7/1 gray clay with degraded 

sandstone

2f A 8 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 9 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam with 10YR 7/1 gray clay with degraded 

sandstone

2f A 9 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 10 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam with 10YR 7/1 gray clay with degraded 

sandstone

2f A 10 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 11 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam with 10YR 7/1 gray clay with degraded 

sandstone

2f A 11 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 12 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2f A 12 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silt loam

2f A 12 III 0.60 1.10 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 13 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2f A 13 II 0.20 0.50 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silt loam

2f A 13 III 0.50 1.20 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 14 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2f A 14 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silt loam

2f A 14 III 0.60 1.30 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 15 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 15 II 0.60 1.30 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2f A 16 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 16 II 0.40 1.10 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 17 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 17 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 18 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 18 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 19 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 19 II 0.40 1.10 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 20 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 20 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 7/1 gray clay with degraded sandstone

2f A 21 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 21 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 7/1 gray clay with degraded sandstone

2f A 22 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 22 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 7/1 gray clay with degraded sandstone

2f A 23 Not Excavated eroding bank and slope

2f A 24 Not Excavated eroding bank and slope

2f A 25 Not Excavated eroding bank and slope

2f A 26 Not Excavated eroding bank and slope

2f A 27 Not Excavated eroding bank and slope

2f A 28 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 28 II 0.30 0.80 10YR 7/1 gray clay with degraded sandstone

2f A 29 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam with 10YR 7/1 gray degraded sandstone

2f A 29 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 7/1 gray clay with degraded sandstone

2f A 30 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray silt loam

2f A 30 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 31 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray silt loam

2f A 31 II 0.30 0.80 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 32 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray silt loam

2f A 32 II 0.50 1.00 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 33 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray silt loam

2f A 33 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 34 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray silt loam

2f A 34 II 0.30 0.90 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 35 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray silt loam

2f A 35 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 36 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 7/1 gray silt loam

2f A 36 II 0.30 0.80 10YR 7/1 gray clay

2f A 37 Not Excavated disturbed

2f A 38 Not Excavated disturbed

2g A 1 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty clay

2g A 1 II 0.50 1.20 2.5Y 6/6 olive yellow with 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown clay

2g A 1 III 1.20 1.70 7.5YR 3/4 dark brown with 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow clay

2g A 2 Not Excavated Disturbed

2g A 3 Not Excavated Disturbed

2g A 4 Not Excavated Disturbed
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2gA5 Not Excavated Disturbed

2gA6 Not Excavated Disturbed

2gB 1 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2gB 1 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown clay

2gB2 Not Excavated Disturbed

2gB3 Not Excavated Disturbed

2gB4 Not Excavated Disturbed

2iF 1 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

2iF 1 II 0.50 1.30 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown silty sand

2iF2 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

2iF2 II 0.60 1.20 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown silty sand

2iF3 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/2 very dark brown silt loam

2iF3 II 0.60 1.10 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay

2iG 1 Not Excavated gravel drive

2iG2 Not Excavated gravel fill

2iH 1 Not Excavated berm

2i I 1 Not Excavated berm

2iJ 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/3 dark brown silty clay loam

2iJ 1 II 0.400.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt

2iJ 1 III 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2iJ2 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay loam

2iJ2 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay loam

2iJ3 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silty clay

2iJ3 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay loam

2iJ4 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

2iJ4 II 0.80 1.20 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2iJ5 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

2iJ5 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown silty clay

2iJ5 III 1.20 1.60 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2iJ6 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

2iJ6 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown silty clay

2iJ6 III 1.40 1.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2iK 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/3 dark brown silty clay loam

2iK 1 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt

2iK 1 III 0.90 1.30 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2iK2 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 3/3 dark brown silty clay loam

2iK2 II 0.80 1.20 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2iK3 I 0.00 1.10 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silty clay

2iK3 II 1.10 1.50 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay loam

2iK4 I 0.00 1.50 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2iK4 II 1.50 1.90 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy loam

2iK5 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2iK5 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown silt loam

2iK5 III 0.80 1.20 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2iL 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/3 dark brown silty clay loam
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2i L 1 II 0.40 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2i L 2 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 3/3 dark brown silty clay loam

2i L 2 II 0.80 1.20 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2i L 3 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i L 3 II 0.40 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i L 3 III 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown with 10YR 6/3 pale brown silty clay loam

2i L 4 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i L 4 II 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay loam

2i M 1 Not Excavated road disturbance

2i M 2 Not Excavated berm, private utilities

2i M 3 Not Excavated berm, private utilities

2i M 4 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i M 4 II 0.40 0.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2i M 5 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i M 5 II 0.20 0.40 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown silt loam

2i M 5 III 0.40 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay loam

2i M 6 Not Excavated access road, slope

2i N 6 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silty clay

2i N 6 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay loam

2i N 6 III 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown clay loam

2i O 1 Not Excavated slope

2i O 2 Not Excavated slope

2i O 3 Not Excavated slope

2i O 4 Not Excavated slope

2i O 5 Not Excavated slope

2i O 6 Not Excavated slope

2i O 7 Not Excavated slope

2i O 8 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i O 8 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2i O 9 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i O 9 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2i O 10 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i O 10 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2i P 1 Not Excavated gas line

2i P 2 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i P 2 II 0.70 0.90 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silt loam

2i P 2 III 0.90 1.00 10YR 3/3 dark brown silt loam

2i P 2 IV 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown with 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sandy loam

2i P 3 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i P 3 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown with 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown clay loam

2i P 4 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i P 4 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silt loam

2i P 4 III 1.10 1.50 10YR 6/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2i P 5 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i P 5 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2i P 6 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silt loam

2i P 6 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

2i P 7 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 6/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam terminated - disturbed

2i Q 1 Not Excavated drainage, slope

2i Q 2 Not Excavated drainage, slope

2i Q 3 Not Excavated drainage, slope

2i R 4 Not Excavated road disturbance

2i R 5 Not Excavated road disturbance

2i S 1 Not Excavated road disturbance

2i S 2 Not Excavated road disturbance

2i S 3 Not Excavated slope

2i S 4 Not Excavated slope

2i S 5 Not Excavated slope

2i S 6 Not Excavated slope

2i T 3 Not Excavated slope

2i T 4 Not Excavated slope

2i T 5 Not Excavated drainage

2i T 6 Not Excavated slope

2i T 7 Not Excavated standing water

2i T 8 Not Excavated slope

2i T 9 Not Excavated slope

2i U 5 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2i U 5 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown sandy silt

2i U 6 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2i U 6 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

2i U 7 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2i U 7 II 0.80 0.90 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silty clay loam terminated - water

2i U 8 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2i U 8 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

2i U 9 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2i U 9 II 0.30 0.80 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

2i V 5 Not Excavated standing water

2i V 6 Not Excavated standing water

2i V 7 Not Excavated standing water

2i V 8 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i V 8 II 0.70 1.20 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray silt loam

2i V 9 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i V 9 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray silt loam

2i V 10 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i V 10 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray silt loam

2i W 6 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silt loam

2i W 6 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown with manganese sandy clay loam

2i W 7 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i W 7 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray with 7.5YR 5/4 brown silty clay loam

2i W 8 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2i W 8 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray with 7.5YR 5/4 brown silty clay loam

2i W 9 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i W 9 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray with 7.5YR 5/4 brown silty clay loam

2i W 10 Not Excavated slope

2i X 7 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/3 dark brown silty sand terminated - water

2i X 8 Not Excavated standing water

2i X 9 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty clay

2i X 9 II 0.40 0.90 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown silty clay

2i X 10 Not Excavated drainage

2i X 11 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty clay

2i X 11 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silty clay

2i X 12 Not Excavated embankment

2i Y 8 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i Y 8 II 0.80 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay

2i Y 9 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam terminated - root impasse

2i Y 10 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

2i Y 10 II 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

2i Y 11 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown silt loam

2i Y 11 II 0.50 1.00 10YR 6/3 pale brown silt loam

2i Y 12 Not Excavated sandbar

2i Z 9 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i Z 9 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray with 7.5YR 5/4 brown silty clay loam

2i Z 10 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i Z 10 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay

2i Z 11 I 0.00 1.10 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i Z 11 II 1.10 1.50 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray silt loam

2i Z 12 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2i Z 12 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray silt loam

2i AA 11 Not Excavated embankment

2i JM 1 Not Excavated utility, slope

2j A 1 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2j A 1 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown sandy loam

2j A 2 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2j A 2 II 0.50 1.00 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown sandy loam

2j A 3 Not Excavated slope, fiber optic

2j A 4 Not Excavated slope, fiber optic

2j A 5 Not Excavated slope, fiber optic

2j A 6 Not Excavated slope, fiber optic

2j A 7 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

2j A 7 II 0.10 1.40 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

2j A 8 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

2j A 8 II 0.30 0.80 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

2j A 9 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

2j A 9 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

2j A 10 Not Excavated slope, powerline
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2jA 11 Not Excavated slope, powerline

2jA 12 Not Excavated slope, powerline

2jA 13 Not Excavated slope, powerline

2jA 14 Not Excavated slope, powerline

2jA 15 Not Excavated slope, powerline

2kR 1 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2kR 1 II 0.10 0.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown silty clay with degrading bedrock

2kS 1 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2kS 1 II 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown silty clay with degrading bedrock

2kS2 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

2kS2 II 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown silty clay with degrading bedrock

2kT 1 I 0.00 0.60 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown silt loam

2kT 1 II 0.60 1.00 2.5Y 6/3 light yellowish brown silt loam

2kT 1 III 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silt loam

2kT2 I 0.00 0.50 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown silt loam

2kT2 II 0.50 0.80 2.5Y 6/3 light yellowish brown silt loam

2kT2 III 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silt loam

2kU 1 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown silt loam

2kU 1 II 0.40 1.00 2.5Y 6/3 light yellowish brown silt loam

2kU 1 III 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silt loam

2kU2 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown silt loam

2kU2 II 0.40 1.00 2.5Y 6/3 light yellowish brown silt loam

2kU2 III 1.00 1.4 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silt loam

2kV 1 I 0.00 0.10 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

2kV 1 II 0.10 1.00 2.5Y 6/3 light yellowish brown sandy loam

2kV 1 III 1.00 1.50 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

2kV2 I 0.00 0.10 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

2kV2 II 0.10 0.70 2.5Y 6/3 light yellowish brown sandy loam

2kV2 III 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

2kV3 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

2kV3 II 0.30 0.70 2.5Y 6/3 light yellowish brown sandy loam

2kV3 III 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

2kW 1 I 0.00 0.60 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2kW 1 II 0.60 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

2kW2 I 0.00 0.50 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2kW2 II 0.50 0.90 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

2kW3 I 0.00 0.60 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2kW3 II 0.60 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

2kW4 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2kW4 II 0.30 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

2kW5 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2kW5 II 0.40 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

2kX 1 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2kX 1 II 0.30 0.70 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

2kX2 I 0.00 0.50 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

2k X 2 II 0.50 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown clay loam

2k X 3 I 0.00 0.60 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

2k X 3 II 0.60 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy loam

2k Y 1 Not Excavated fiber optic line

2k Y 2 Not Excavated fiber optic line

2k Y 3 Not Excavated fiber optic line

2k Y 4 Not Excavated fiber optic line

2k Y 5 Not Excavated fiber optic line

2k Z 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/2 very dark brown sandy loam

2k Z 1 II 0.40 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

3a C 1 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 3/3 dark brown clay loam

3a C 1 II 0.70 1.00 7.5YR 5/4 brown sandy clay loam

3a C 1 III 1.00 1.60 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown sand root impasse on floodplain

3a C 2 Not Excavated floodplain

3a C 3 Not Excavated

3a C 4 Not Excavated

3a D 1 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy clay loam

3a D 1 II 0.50 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown and 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown clay

3a D 2 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy clay loam

3a D 2 II 0.40 0.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown and 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown clay

3a D 3 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 3 II 0.50 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3a D 3 III 0.70 1.10 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown sand

3a D 4 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 4 II 0.50 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3a D 4 III 0.80 1.10 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown sandy clay with approximately 25% surrounded - sub 

angular rocks

3a D 5 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 5 II 0.40 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 5 III 0.60 0.90 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown mottled with 2.5Y 8/2 pale yellow sandy clay

3a D 6 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 6 II 0.40 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 6 III 0.60 1.20 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 7 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 7 II 0.40 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 7 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sand

3a D 8 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 8 II 0.40 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 8 III 0.70 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sand

3a D 9 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 9 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 9 III 0.70 1.00 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sand

3a D 10 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 10 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 10 III 0.70 1.00 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sand
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3a D 11 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 11 II 0.20 0.40 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 11 III 0.40 0.80 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown sandy loam

3a D 12 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 12 II 0.10 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3a D 12 III 0.60 0.90 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown sandy clay

3a D 13 Not Excavated steep slope

3a D 14 Not Excavated steep slope

3a D 15 Not Excavated steep slope

3a D 16 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 17 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 18 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 19 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 20 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 21 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 22 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 23 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 24 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 25 Not Excavated graded slope behind nursing home

3a D 26 Not Excavated slope up to east in woods

3a D 27 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

3a D 27 II 0.20 0.50 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam with 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay

3a D 27 III 0.50 1.10 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay

3a D 28 Not Excavated slope up to east

3a D 29 Not Excavated slope up to east

3a D 30 Not Excavated slope south to floodplain

3a D 31 Not Excavated slope south to floodplain

3a D 32 Not Excavated slope south to floodplain

3a D 33 Not Excavated slope south to floodplain

3a D 34 Not Excavated slope south to floodplain

3a D 35 I 0.00 0.10 7.5YR 4/3 brown sandy loam and root mat

3a D 35 II 0.10 0.70 7.5YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

3a D 35 III 0.70 1.10 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow and 5Y 8/2 pale yellow mottled with 7.5YR 5/8 strong 

brown clay

3a D 36 I 0.00 0.80 7.5YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3a D 36 II 0.80 1.30 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow clay with 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown mottles

3a D 37 I 0.00 1.20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

3a D 37 II 1.20 2.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay/ clay loam water seeping in

3a D 38 I 0.00 1.20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

3a D 38 II 1.20 2.20 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay/ clay loam

3a D 39 Not Excavated bank of river

3a E 1 Not Excavated slope

3a F 1 Not Excavated old access road, disturbed

3a F 2 Not Excavated old access road, disturbed

3a JM 1 I 0.00 1.90 10YR 4/3 brown sand
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3a JM 1 II 1.90 2.00 10YR 6/3 pale brown sand

3a JM 2 I 0.00 2.00 10YR 4/3 brown sand

3a JM 2 II 2.00 3.00 10YR 6/3 pale brown sand

3b A 1 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 2/1 black sandy loam with road gravels at surface and pebbles and cobbles 

below

3b A 1 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown coarse sand with pockets of 5Y 8/2 pale yellow and 7.5YR 

5/6 strong brown

3b A 2 I 0.00 0.30 7.5YR 2.5/3 very dark brown sand

3b A 2 II 0.30 1.60 7.5YR 4/3 brown sand with cobbles, brick, shell, charcoal, wood, and bone

3b A 2 III 1.60 2.20 7.5YR 4/3 brown sand with very small fragments of shell

3b A 3 I 0.00 2.10 10YR 2/2 very dark brown coarse sand possible intact brick at base of STP

3b A 4 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 3/6 dark yellowish brown clay loam

3b A 4 II 1.00 2.20 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3b A 4 III 2.20 2.70 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown clay loam

3b A 4 IV 2.70 3.00 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy clay loam

3c A 1 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c A 1 II 0.20 0.90 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay loam

3c A 1 III 0.90 1.30 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c A 2 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c A 2 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay loam

3c A 2 III 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c A 3 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c A 3 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay loam

3c A 3 III 0.70 1.10 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c B 1 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c B 1 II 0.10 0.40 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay loam

3c B 1 III 0.40 0.90 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c B 2 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c B 2 II 0.10 0.60 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay loam

3c B 2 III 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c B 3 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c B 3 II 0.10 0.40 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown clay loam

3c B 3 III 0.40 1.00 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c C 1 I Not Excavated flooded

3c C 2 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam wet

3c C 2 II 0.70 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown mottled with 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c C 3 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

3c C 3 II 0.60 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay

3c D 1 Not Excavated graded slope down to drainage 

ditch

3c D 2 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

3c D 2 II 0.40 0.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c D 3 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

3c D 3 II 0.40 0.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c D 4 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3c D 4 II 0.60 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam and 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c D 4 III 0.90 1.20 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c D 5 Not Excavated ditch and rocks

3c E 1 Not Excavated graded area near road

3c E 2 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c E 2 II 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c E 3 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c E 3 II 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c E 4 East I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c E 4 East II 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c E 4 North I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c E 4 North II 0.50 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c E 4 South I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c E 4 South II 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c E 4 West I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c E 4 West II 0.70 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c E 4 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam

3c E 4 II 0.40 0.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown with large pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c F 1 Not Excavated graded area near road

3c F 2 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c F 2 II 0.40 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c F 3 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c F 3 II 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c F 4 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c F 4 II 0.40 0.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown clay with pockets of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3c G 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c G 1 II 0.40 0.80 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c G 2 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown clay loam

3c G 2 II 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown clay

3c G 3 Not Excavated standing water

3c G 4 I 0.00 1.40 10YR 2/1 black sand

3c G 4 II 1.40 1.80 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown sand wet

3c G 5 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/1 black sand water at 0.3'

3c G 6 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown sand

3c G 6 II 0.60 0.90 10YR 8/2 very pale brown sand wet

3c G 7 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown sand

3c G 7 II 0.60 1.00 10YR 8/2 very pale brown sand wet

3c G 8 Not Excavated disturbed, utilities

3c H 1 Not Excavated roots and large trees

3c H 2 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/2 very dark brown sand

3c H 2 II 0.40 0.70 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

3c H 2 III 0.70 1.20 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3c H 3 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/2 very dark brown sand

3c H 3 II 0.60 0.90 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

3c H 3 III 0.90 1.20 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3c H 4 I 0.00 0.80 Mix of 10YR 2/2 very dark brown, 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown, and 10YR 4/6 

dark yellowish brown sand

3c H 4 II 0.80 1.10 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy clay

3c H 5 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/2 very dark brown sand

3c H 5 II 0.60 0.90 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

3c H 5 III 0.90 1.30 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy clay

3c H 6 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam and root mat terminated - root impasse

3c H 7 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

3c H 7 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sandy clay

3c H 7 III 0.60 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown loam and root mat

3c H 8 Not Excavated large roots

3c H 9 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black fine sand

3c H 9 II 0.40 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sand flooding

3c H 10 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/1 black fine sand

3c H 10 II 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sand hydric

3c H 11 Not Excavated roots

3c H 12 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand wet, flooding

3c H 13 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3c H 13 II 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown mottled with 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay

3c H 14 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3c H 14 II 0.60 0.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown mottled with 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay

3c I 1 Not Excavated utility

3c I 2 Not Excavated utility

3c I 3 Not Excavated utility

3c J 1 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown compact silt 

loam

3c J 1 II 0.70 1.30 10YR 4/3 brown silt loam

3c J 1 III 1.30 1.70 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay loam

3c J 2 Not Excavated utility

3c J 3 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown with 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown and 7.5YR 5/6 

strong brown silty clay loam

3c J 3 II 1.00 1.40 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown silty clay loam

3c J 4 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 5/3 brown silt loam

3c J 4 II 1.00 1.30 10YR 5/3 brown with 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay loam

3c J 4 III 1.30 1.40 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam terminated - root impasse

3c J 5 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

3c J 5 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

3c K 1 Not Excavated utility

3d A 1 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

3d A 1 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 7/8 yellow silt loam

3d A 2 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

3d A 2 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 7/8 yellow clay loam

3d A 3 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

3d A 3 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 7/8 yellow clay loam

3d A 4 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3dA4 II 0.30 0.80 10YR 7/8 yellow clay loam

3dA5 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

3dA5 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 7/8 yellow clay loam

3dA6 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

3dA6 II 0.40 0.80 5YR 4/6 yellowish red clay loam

3dA7 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

3dA7 II 0.40 0.60 5YR 4/6 yellowish red clay loam root disturbance

3dA8 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown silt

3dA8 II 0.60 1.00 5YR 4/6 yellowish red clay

3fA 1 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black loam with humus and road gravels

3fA 1 II 0.30 0.40 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay loam with road gravels

3fA 1 III 0.40 0.60 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown compacted clay

3fA2 Not Excavated push pile

3fA3 Not Excavated push pile

3fA4 Not Excavated push pile

3fA5 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black loam with humus and road gravels

3fA5 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay loam with road gravels

3fA5 III 0.70 0.80 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown compacted clay terminated - root impasse

3fA6 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black loam and gravels disturbed

3fA6 II 0.20 0.40 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown clay loam with road gravels

3fA6 III 0.40 0.90 10YR 2/2 very dark brown clay loam with gravels

3fA6 IV 0.90 1.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown clay loam and gravels

3fA7 Not Excavated road

3fA8 Not Excavated gravels

3fA9 Not Excavated tower

3fA 10 Not Excavated in cemetery

3fA 11 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fA 11 II 0.20 0.90 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fA 11 III 0.90 1.20 2.5Y 5/6 light olive brown sandy clay and clay loam

3fA 12 Not Excavated gravel road

3fA 13 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand

3fA 13 II 0.40 0.80 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fA 13 III 0.80 1.10 10YR 2/1 black sand

3fA 13 IV 1.10 1.40 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fA 13V 1.40 1.70 2.5Y 5/6 light olive brown sandy clay and clay loam

3fB8 East I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/2 dark yellowish brown sand

3fB8 East II 0.20 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3fB8 North I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/2 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

3fB8 North II 0.60 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3fB8 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus terminated 

- brick bats immediately 

below surface

3fB9 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3fB9 II 0.30 0.60 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fB9 III 0.60 1.00 2.5Y 5/6 light olive brown sandy clay loam

3fB 10 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3f B 10 II 0.10 0.50 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3f B 10 III 0.50 1.00 2.5Y 5/6 light olive brown sandy clay loam

3f C 1 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f C 1 II 0.20 0.40 mix of 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown and 2.5Y 5/6 light olive brown sandy clay

3f C 1 III 0.40 0.80 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3f C 1 IV 0.80 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sand

3f C 2 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3f C 2 II 0.10 0.80 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3f C 2 III 0.80 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sand

3f C 3 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3f C 3 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown and 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown coarse sand

3f C 3 III 0.70 0.80 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f C 3 IV 0.80 1.10 10YR 5/2 grayish brown silt sand with brick flecks

3f C 3 V 1.10 1.30 2.5Y 5/4 light olive brown fine sand

3f C 4 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3f C 4 II 0.10 0.20 2.5Y 5/4 light olive brown fine sand

3f C 4 III 0.20 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f C 4 IV 0.30 0.40 10YR 5/2 grayish brown sand

3f C 4 V 0.40 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f C 4 VI 0.80 1.20 2.5Y 5/4 light olive brown fine sand

3f C 5 Not Excavated push pile and road

3f C 6 Not Excavated road

3f C 7 Not Excavated road

3f C 8 Not Excavated road

3f C 9 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3f C 9 II 0.20 0.80 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3f C 9 III 0.80 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sand

3f C 10 Not Excavated push pile

3f C 11 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 12 I 0.00 1.00

mix of 10YR 2/1 black sand, 10YR 5/8 yellowish brown sand, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish 

brown sand, 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay, and 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown 

sandy clay

3f C 13 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand with road gravels

3f C 13 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 5/2 grayish brown sand with gravels

3f C 13 III 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3f C 14 Not Excavated slope, above ravine

3f C 15 Not Excavated ravine

3f C 16 Not Excavated ravine

3f C 17 Not Excavated ravine

3f C 18 Not Excavated ravine

3f C 19 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and roots

3f C 19 II 0.20 0.30 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3f C 19 III 0.30 0.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay loam

3f C 20 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 2/1 black and root

3f C 20 II 0.70 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3f C 20 III 1.00 1.30 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay with gravels on ridge top

3f C 21 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/1 black and root

3f C 21 II 0.50 0.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3f C 21 III 0.70 0.80 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay with gravels terminated - root impasse, on ridge 

top

3f C 22 I 0.00 2.00 10YR 2/1 black sand with pockets and lenses of 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown and 

charcoal

3f C 23 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 sand root mat

3f C 23 II 0.30 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown sand

3f C 23 III 0.40 0.60 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3f C 24 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown sandy clay with gravels

3f C 24 II 0.10 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown sandy clay with 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3f C 24 III 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow clay

3f C 25 East I 0.00 0.70 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3f C 25 East II 0.70 1.10 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f C 25 North I 0.00 0.80 mix of 10YR 2/1 black sand with coal and charcoal, 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown 

sand, and 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3f C 25 North II 0.80 1.10 10YR 2/1 black sand with coal and charcoal

3f C 25 North III 1.10 1.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3f C 25 North IV 1.40 1.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3f C 25 South I 0.00 0.15 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3f C 25 South II 0.15 0.50 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3f C 25 West I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand with coal

3f C 25 West II 0.40 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3f C 25 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 2/1 black sand cut nail

3f C 25 II 0.60 1.00 mix of 10YR 4/3 brown sand with 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f C 25 III 1.00 1.30 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay disturbed

3f C 26 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 27 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 28 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 29 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 30 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 31 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 32 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 33 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 34 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 35 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 36 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 37 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 38 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 39 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 40 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 41 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 42 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 43 Not Excavated push pile, slope
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3f C 44 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 45 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 46 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 47 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 48 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 49 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 50 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 51 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 52 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 53 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 54 Not Excavated push pile, slope

3f C 55 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 56 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 57 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 58 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 59 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 60 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 61 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 62 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 63 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 64 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 65 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 66 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 67 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 68 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 69 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 70 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 71 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 72 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 73 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 74 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 75 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 76 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f C 77 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f D 3 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3f D 3 II 0.30 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand and gravels

3f D 3 III 0.50 0.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay and gravels

3f D 4 Not Excavated tire/ refuse dump

3f D 5 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mass

3f D 5 II 0.40 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown sand terminated - root impasse

3f D 6 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mass

3f D 6 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown sand with pockets of 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3f D 6 III 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3f D 7 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3f D 7 II 0.30 0.40 10YR 5/2 grayish brown sand
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3f D 7 III 0.40 0.80 2.5Y 5/4 dark grayish brown sandy clay with gravels

3f D 8 Not Excavated slope, buried utilities

3f D 15 Not Excavated ridge to west of road

3f D 16 Not Excavated slope

3f D 17 Not Excavated in road

3f D 18 Not Excavated in road

3f D 19 Not Excavated slope

3f D 20 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black root mat and sand

3f D 20 II 0.10 0.30 mix of 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand and 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay

3f D 20 III 0.30 0.70 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay

3f D 21 Not Excavated in road

3f D 22 Not Excavated slope

3f D 23 Not Excavated steep slope

3f D 24 Not Excavated steep slope

3f D 25 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3f D 25 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 25 III 0.90 1.20 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 26 Not Excavated outside project area

3f D 27 Not Excavated outside project area

3f D 28 Not Excavated push pile

3f D 29 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3f D 29 II 0.20 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 29 III 0.40 0.70 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 30 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3f D 30 II 0.20 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with 50% gravels

3f D 30 III 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 31 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3f D 31 II 0.10 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 31 III 0.40 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay with 50% gravels

3f D 32 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3f D 32 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 32 III 0.70 1.20 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 33 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3f D 33 II 0.10 0.20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 33 III 0.20 0.70 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 34 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and roots

3f D 34 II 0.10 0.50 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 34 III 0.50 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 35 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and roots

3f D 35 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 35 III 0.60 1.10 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 36 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and roots

3f D 36 II 0.30 0.50 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 36 III 0.50 0.70 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay terminated - root impasse

3f D 37 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and roots
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3f D 37 II 0.20 0.40 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 37 III 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 38 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand and roots

3f D 38 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 38 III 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 39 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and roots

3f D 39 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand terminated - root impasse

3f D 40 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 40 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 40 III 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay slope

3f D 41 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 41 II 0.10 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 41 III 0.30 0.80 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay slope

3f D 42 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 42 II 0.10 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 42 III 0.40 0.90 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay slope

3f D 43 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 43 II 0.10 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 43 III 0.40 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay slope

3f D 44 Not Excavated slope

3f D 45 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 45 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 45 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 46 East I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mass

3f D 46 East II 0.40 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f D 46 East III 0.80 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3f D 46 North I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3f D 46 North II 0.30 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 46 North III 0.50 1.10 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 46 South I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mass

3f D 46 South II 0.40 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f D 46 South III 0.80 1.20 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3f D 46 West Not Excavated write-off

3f D 46 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand with humus

3f D 46 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 46 III 0.60 0.90 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay atop possible earthwork

3f D 47 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand with humus

3f D 47 II 0.30 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 47 III 0.40 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay north of possible earthwork

3f D 48 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand with humus

3f D 48 II 0.10 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 48 III 0.50 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay

3f D 49 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand with humus

3f D 49 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3f D 49 III 0.60 0.90 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay gentle slope down to edge of ridge 

top

3f D 50 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand with humus

3f D 50 II 0.30 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 50 III 0.40 0.60 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay terminated - root impasse

3f D 51 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand with humus

3f D 51 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3f D 51 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay gentle slope

3f D 52 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 52 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f D 52 III 0.60 1.10 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay with gravels gentle slope down

3f D 53 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 53 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f D 53 III 0.70 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay with gravels

3f D 54 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 54 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f D 54 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay with gravels level upland

3f D 55 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 55 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f D 55 III 0.80 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay with gravels terminated - root impasse, level 

upland

3f D 56 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f D 56 II 0.20 0.40 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f D 56 III 0.40 0.90 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay with gravels

3f D 57 Not Excavated slopes and water

3f D 58 Not Excavated slopes and water

3f D 59 Not Excavated slopes and water

3f D 60 Not Excavated slopes and water

3f D 61 Not Excavated slopes and water

3f D 62 Not Excavated slopes and water

3f D 63 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand and roots

3f D 63 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand and gravels

3f D 63 III 0.80 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3f D 64 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus with 50% gravels

3f D 64 II 0.40 0.60 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand with 50% gravels

3f D 64 III 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with 50% gravels

3f D 65 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus with 50% gravels

3f D 65 II 0.20 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown compacted sand with 50% gravels

3f D 65 III 0.30 0.60 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with 50% gravels

3f D 66 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus with 50% gravels

3f D 66 II 0.30 0.50 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand with 50% gravels

3f D 66 III 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with 50% gravels

3f D 67 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus with 50% gravels

3f D 67 II 0.20 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand with 50% gravels

3f D 67 III 0.30 0.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with 50% gravels
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3fD 68 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus with 50% gravels

3fD 68 II 0.10 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand with 50% gravels

3fD 68 III 0.30 0.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with 50% gravels

3fD 69 Not Excavated on slope

3fD 70 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3fD 70 II 0.10 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3fD 70 III 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3fD 71 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand and humus

3fD 71 II 0.10 0.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fD 71 III 0.40 0.90 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sand

3fD 72 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand and humus

3fD 72 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fD 72 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sand

3fD 73 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand and humus

3fD 73 II 0.10 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fD 73 III 0.30 0.80 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sand

3fD 74 Not Excavated ravine

3fD 75 Not Excavated ravine

3fE 16 Not Excavated steep slope

3fE 17 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fE 17 II 0.10 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3fE 17 III 0.30 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sand with 25-50% gravels

3fE 18 Not Excavated wet

3fE 19 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fE 19 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fE 19 III 0.80 1.20 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3fE 20 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fE 20 II 0.20 0.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fE 20 III 0.40 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3fE 21 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fE 21 II 0.10 0.40 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fE 21 III 0.40 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3fF 16 Not Excavated steep slope

3fF 17 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fF 17 II 0.10 0.50 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3fF 17 III0.50 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sand with 25-50% gravels

3fF 18 Not Excavated wet

3fF 19 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fF 19 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3fF 19 III 0.70 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3fF 20 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fF 20 II 0.20 0.50 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fF 20 III 0.50 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3fF 21 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fF 21 II 0.20 0.30 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3fF 21 III 0.30 0.90 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3fG 16 Not Excavated steep slope

3fG 17 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fG 17 II 0.10 0.30 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand

3fG 17 III 0.30 1.10 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sand with 25-50% gravels

3fG 18 Not Excavated wet

3fG 19 Not Excavated slope

3fG 20 Not Excavated slope

3fG 21 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fG 21 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand

3fG 21 III 0.70 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

3fH 16 Not Excavated steep slope

3fH 17 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand with gravels

3fH 17 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3fH 17 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sand with gravels terminated - root impasse, wet

3fH 18 Not Excavated wet

3fH 19 Not Excavated slope

3fH 20 Not Excavated slope

3fH 21 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mat

3fH 21 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sand terminated - root impasse

3f I 1 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand

3f I 1 II 0.10 0.20 10YR 4/6 dark yellowish brown sand

3f I 1 III 0.20 1.20 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy clay with gravels

3f I 2 Not Excavated steep slope

3f I 3 Not Excavated steep slope

3f I 4 Not Excavated steep slope

3f I 5 Not Excavated steep slope

3f I 6 Not Excavated steep slope

3f I 7 Not Excavated steep slope

3f I 8 Not Excavated steep slope

3f I 9 Not Excavated steep slope

3f I 10 Not Excavated steep slope

3fJ 1 Not Excavated ravine

3fJ2 Not Excavated ravine

3fJ3 Not Excavated ravine

3fJ4 Not Excavated eroded road cut

3fJ5 Not Excavated eroded road cut

3fJ6 Not Excavated eroded road cut

3fJ7 Not Excavated eroded road cut

3fJ8 Not Excavated eroded road cut

3fJ9 Not Excavated eroded road cut

3fJ 10 Not Excavated eroded road cut

3fK 1 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK2 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK3 Not Excavated ravine, slope
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3fK4 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK5 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK6 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK7 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK8 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK9 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 10 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 11 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 12 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 13 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 14 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 15 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 16 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 17 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 18 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 19 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 20 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 21 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 22 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 23 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 24 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black organic loam

3fK 24 II 0.10 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay loam with 25% gravels

3fK 24 III 0.70 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay with 25% gravels

3fK 25 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black organic loam

3fK 25 II 0.10 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay loam with 25% gravels

3fK 25 III 0.70 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay with 25% gravels

3fK 26 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black organic loam

3fK 26 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay loam with 25% gravels

3fK 26 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay with 25% gravels

3fK 27 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fK 28 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mass

3fK 28 II 0.40 0.60 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3fK 28 III 0.60 1.00 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3fK 29 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black organic loam

3fK 29 II 0.10 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay loam with 25% gravels

3fK 29 III 0.60 0.90 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay with 25% gravels

3fK 30 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black organic loam

3fK 30 II 0.10 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay loam with 25% gravels

3fK 30 III 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay with 25% gravels

3fL2 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fL3 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fL4 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fL5 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fL6 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3fL7 Not Excavated ravine, slope
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3f L 8 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 9 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 10 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 11 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 12 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 13 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 14 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 15 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 16 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 17 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 18 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 19 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 20 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and humus

3f L 20 II 0.10 0.50 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with 50% gravels

3f L 21 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black organic loam

3f L 21 II 0.10 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay loam with 25% gravels terminated - root impasse

3f L 22 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black organic loam

3f L 22 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay loam with 25% gravels

3f L 22 III 0.70 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay with 25% gravels

3f L 23 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black organic loam

3f L 23 II 0.10 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay loam with 25% gravels

3f L 23 III 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow clay with 25% gravels

3f L 24 Not Excavated ravine, slope

3f L 25 Not Excavated ravine

3f L 26 Not Excavated ravine

3f L 27 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mass

3f L 27 II 0.10 0.20 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f L 27 III 0.20 0.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3f L 28 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mass

3f L 28 II 0.50 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f L 28 III 0.80 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3f L 29 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mass

3f L 29 II 0.50 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f L 29 III 0.80 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3f L 30 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 2/1 black sand and root mass

3f L 30 II 0.50 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sand with gravels

3f L 30 III 0.80 1.10 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay with gravels

3f M 1 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3f M 1 II 0.90 1.10 10YR 2/1 black with 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3f M 1 III 1.10 1.50 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3f M 2 Not Excavated disturbed/utilities

3f M 3 Not Excavated disturbed/utilities

3f M 4 Not Excavated disturbed/utilities

3f M 5 Not Excavated disturbed/utilities

3f M 6 Not Excavated disturbed/utilities
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

3fN 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN 1 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN2 Not Excavated railroad berm

3fN3 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN3 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN4 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN4 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN5 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN5 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN6 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN6 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN7 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN7 II 0.30 0.90 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN8 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN8 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN9 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN9 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 10 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN 10 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 11 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN 11 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 12 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN 12 II 0.10 0.50 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 13 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN 13 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 14 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN 14 II 0.30 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 15 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown silty sand

3fN 15 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 16 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand

3fN 16 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 17 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand

3fN 17 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 18 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand

3fN 18 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 19 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand

3fN 19 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 20 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand

3fN 20 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 21 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand

3fN 21 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 22 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand

3fN 22 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand

3fN 23 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silty sand

3fN 23 II 0.30 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty sand
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

4b A 1 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

4b A 1 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay with high percentage of rounded gravel

4b A 2 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

4b A 2 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay with high percentage of rounded gravel

4b A 3 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

4b A 3 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay with high percentage of rounded gravel

4b A 4 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

4b A 4 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay

4b A 5 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

4b A 5 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay

4b A 6 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

4b A 6 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown silty clay

4d B 1 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

4d B 1 II 0.30 1.50 10YR 6/3 pale brown clay sand with banding and angular gravel

4d B 1 III 1.50 1.90 10YR 4/1 dark gray sandy clay

4d B 2 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

4d B 2 II 0.30 1.00 10YR 6/3 pale brown sandy loam with pockets of various clay

4d B 2 III 1.00 1.40 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow sandy clay

4d B 3 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

4d B 3 II 0.30 1.00 10YR 6/3 pale brown sandy loam with pockets of various clay

4d B 3 III 1.00 1.40 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow sandy clay

4d B 4 Not Excavated

narrow berm between access road 

and slope down to railroad, 

disturbed

4d B 5 Not Excavated

narrow berm between access road 

and slope down to railroad, 

disturbed

4d B 6 Not Excavated

narrow berm between access road 

and slope down to railroad, 

disturbed

4d B 7 Not Excavated

narrow berm between access road 

and slope down to railroad, 

disturbed

4d B 8 Not Excavated

narrow berm between access road 

and slope down to railroad, 

disturbed

4d B 9 Not Excavated

narrow berm between access road 

and slope down to railroad, 

disturbed

4d B 10 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 5/3 brown sandy loam

4d B 10 II 0.40 1.10 10YR 6/3 pale brown sandy loam with pockets of various clay

4d B 10 III 1.10 1.20 10YR 2/1 black sandy loam

4d B 10 IV 1.20 1.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

4d B 11 Not Excavated ditch/berm at railroad grade

4d C 1 I 0.00 1.00 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

4d C 1 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

4d C 2 Not Excavated sewer line and rail grade

4d C 3 Not Excavated sewer line and rail grade

4d C 4 Not Excavated sewer line and rail grade

4d C 5 Not Excavated sewer line and rail grade

4d C 6 Not Excavated sewer line and rail grade

4d C 7 Not Excavated sewer line and rail grade

4d C 8 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

4d C 8 II 0.90 1.20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

4d C 9 Not Excavated eroded road/sewer line

4d D 1 I 0.00 0.20 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

4d D 1 II 0.20 1.00 7.5YR 5/8 strong brown sandy clay

4d D 2 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

4d D 2 II 0.20 0.60 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow sandy clay

4d D 2 III 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

4d D 3 Not Excavated push pile

4d D 4 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 3/3 dark brown sandy loam

4d D 4 II 0.20 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

4d E 1 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

4d E 1 II 0.30 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

4d E 2 I 0.00 0.20 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

4d E 2 II 0.20 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

4d E 3 I 0.00 0.20 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

4d E 3 II 0.20 0.60 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

4d E 4 I 0.00 0.20 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

4d E 4 II 0.20 1.10 60% 10YR 6/3 pale brown, 20% 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, and 20% 10YR 2/1 black 

sandy clay loam

4d E 4 III 1.10 1.50 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

4f A 1 I 0.00 1.50 Various clumps and bands of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown, 

and 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy loam and sandy clay with 40% gravel disturbed

4f A 2 I 0.00 1.50 Various clumps and bands of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown, 

and 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy loam and sandy clay with 40% gravel disturbed

4f A 3 I 0.00 1.50 Various clumps and bands of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown, 

and 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy loam and sandy clay with 40% gravel disturbed

4f A 4 I 0.00 1.50 Various clumps and bands of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown, 

and 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy loam and sandy clay with 40% gravel disturbed

4f A 5 I 0.00 1.50 Various clumps and bands of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown, 

and 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy loam and sandy clay with 40% gravel disturbed

4f A 6 I 0.00 1.50 Various clumps and bands of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown, 

and 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy loam and sandy clay with 40% gravel disturbed

4f A 7 I 0.00 1.50 Various clumps and bands of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown, 

and 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy loam and sandy clay with 40% gravel disturbed

4f A 8 I 0.00 1.50 Various clumps and bands of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown, 

and 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy loam and sandy clay with 40% gravel disturbed

4f A 9 I 0.00 1.50 Various clumps and bands of 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow, 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown, 

and 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy loam and sandy clay with 40% gravel disturbed

5a A 1 I 0.00 0.10 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown clay loam
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

5a A 1 II 0.10 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5a A 2 I 0.00 0.10 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown clay loam

5a A 2 II 0.10 0.60 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5a A 3 I 0.00 0.10 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown clay loam

5a A 3 II 0.10 0.60 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5a A 4 East I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown clay loam

5a A 4 East II 0.40 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5a A 4 West I 0.00 0.50 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown clay loam

5a A 4 West II 0.50 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5a A 4 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown clay loam

5a A 4 II 0.30 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5a A 5 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown clay loam

5a A 5 II 0.40 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5a A 6 I 0.00 0.50 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown clay loam

5a A 6 II 0.50 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5a B 1 I 0.00 0.60 2.5 3/3 dark olive brown silt loam with 40% gravel

5a B 1 II 0.60 1.00 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5a B 2 I 0.00 1.50 mixed sands and clays disturbed

5a C 1 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5a C 1 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5a C 2 I 0.00 0.60 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5a C 2 II 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5a C 3 I 0.00 0.80 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5a C 3 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5a C 4 I 0.00 0.70 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5a C 4 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b U 1 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown silt loam

5b U 1 II 0.30 0.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown silty clay

5b V 1 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b V 1 II 0.30 1.00 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown sandy loam mottled with 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy 

clay and 35% rounded gravels and cobbles

5b V 2 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b V 2 II 0.30 1.00 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown sandy loam mottled with 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy 

clay and 35% rounded gravels and cobbles

5b V 3 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b V 3 II 0.30 1.00 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown sandy loam mottled with 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow sandy 

clay and 35% rounded gravels and cobbles

5b V 4 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b V 4 II 0.60 1.00 10YR 5/2 grayish brown mottled with 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown sandy clay

5b V 5 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b V 5 II 0.20 0.80 10YR 5/2 grayish brown mottled with 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sandy clay and 30% 

gravel

5b V 6 Not Excavated sewer main

5b V 7 Not Excavated creek/stream

5b V 8 I 0.00 1.30 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

5b V 8 II 1.30 1.70 10YR 4/3 brown sandy clay with 40% 7.5YR 4/6 strong brown oxidation

5b V 9 I 0.00 1.30 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b V 9 II 1.30 1.70 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5b W 1 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown silt loam

5b W 1 II 0.30 0.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown silty clay

5b W 2 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown silt loam

5b W 2 II 0.30 0.70 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown silty clay

5b W 3 I 0.00 0.20 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown silt loam

5b W 3 II 0.20 0.60 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown silty clay

5b W 4 I 0.00 0.20 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown silt loam

5b W 4 II 0.20 0.80 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown silty clay

5b W 5 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5b W 5 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b W 6 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5b W 6 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b X 1 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5b X 1 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5b X 2 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5b X 2 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5b X 3 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5b X 3 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5b X 4 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5b X 4 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5b X 5 I 0.00 0.20 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5b X 5 II 0.20 0.80 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5b X 6 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

5b X 6 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5b Y 1 Not Excavated disturbed

5b Y 2 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b Y 2 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b Y 3 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b Y 3 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b Y 4 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b Y 4 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b Y 5 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b Y 5 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b Z 1 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b Z 1 II 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b Z 2 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b Z 2 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b Z 3 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b Z 3 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b Z 4 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5b Z 4 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5b Z 5 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

5bZ5 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cA 1 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cA 1 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cA2 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cA2 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cA3 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cA3 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cA4 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cA4 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cA5 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cA5 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cA6 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cA6 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cB 1 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cB 1 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cB2 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cB2 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cB3 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cB3 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cB4 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cB4 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cB5 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cB5 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cB6 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cB6 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cB7 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cB7 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cC 1 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5cC 1 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cC2 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5cC2 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cC3 I 0.00 1.10 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5cC3 II 1.10 1.50 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cC4 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

5cC4 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cC5 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 3/3 dark brown sandy loam

5cC5 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cC6 I 0.00 0.70 10Y 4/3 brown sandy loam

5cC6 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cC7 I 0.00 0.70 10Y 4/3 brown sandy loam

5cC7 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cC 12 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 3/3 dark olive brown sandy loam

5cC 12 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cC 13 I 0.00 0.80 2.5Y 3/3 dark olive brown sandy loam

5cC 13 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

5cC 17 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 5/4 yellowish brown sandy loam

5cC 17 II 0.60 0.90 10YR 3/3 dark brown sandy loam

5cC 17 III 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown compact sandy loam

5cC 18 Not Excavated write off

5cD5 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cD5 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cD6 I 0.00 0.50 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cD6 II 0.50 0.90 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cD7 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cD7 II 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cD8 Not Excavated drainage

5cD9 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 3/3 dark olive brown sandy loam

5cD9 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cD 10 I 0.00 0.60 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cD 10 II 0.60 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cD 11 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 3/3 dark olive brown sandy loam

5cD 11 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cD 12 I 0.00 1.20 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cD 12 II 1.20 1.60 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cD 13 I 0.00 1.20 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cD 13 II 1.20 1.60 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cD 14 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cD 14 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand

5cD 15 I 0.00 0.80 2.5Y 3/3 dark olive brown sandy loam

5cD 15 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cD 16 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 3/3 dark brown sandy loam wet

5cD 16 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sand wet

5cD 17 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 3/3 dark olive brown sandy loam

5cD 17 II 0.90 1.20 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow sandy clay

5cD 18 Not Excavated

5cE 1 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/3 dark brown sandy loam

5cE 1 II 0.30 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5cE2 Not Excavated compacted gravel

5cE 18 Not Excavated

5cF 1 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/3 dark brown sandy loam

5cF 1 II 0.30 1.00 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5cF2 Not Excavated compacted gravel

5cG 1 I 0.00 0.80 10YR 3/3 dark brown sandy loam

5cG 1 II 0.80 1.20 1YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

5cG2 Not Excavated compacted gravel

5cG3 Not Excavated compacted gravel

5cH 1 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cH 1 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

5cH2 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5cH2 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

5c H 3 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown sandy loam

5c H 3 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay

6a A 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

6a A 1 II 0.40 1.00 85% 10YR 6/1 gray with 15% 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a A 2 Not Excavated inundated

6a A 3 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

6a A 3 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 5/1 gray clay sand water oozing in

6a A 4 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

6a A 4 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 5/1 gray clay sand

6a A 5 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

6a A 5 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 5/1 gray clay sand

6a A 6 Not Excavated access road

6a A 7 I 0.00 0.40 2.5YR 2.5/2 very dusky red sandy loam

6a A 7 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 5/1 gray sandy clay

6a A 8 Not Excavated terminated - water oozing in

6a B 1 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 2/1 black loam graded with road gravels

6a C 1 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 2/1 black loam

6a C 1 II 0.20 0.70 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

6a C 1 III 0.70 1.00 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow mottled with 10YR 5/1 gray clay

6a T 1 Not Excavated grading and utilities

6a T 2 I 0.00 1.00 2.5Y 2.5/1 black sandy loam

6a T 2 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a T 3 East Not Excavated ditch

6a T 3 North I 0.00 0.80 2.5Y 2.5/1 black sandy loam

6a T 3 North II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a T 3 West I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 2.5/1 black sandy loam

6a T 3 West II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a T 3 I 0.00 0.80 2.5Y 2.5/1 black sandy loam

6a T 3 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a T 4 East Not Excavated ditch

6a T 4 South I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 2.5/1 black sandy loam

6a T 4 South II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a T 4 West I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 2.5/1 black sandy loam

6a T 4 West II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a T 4 I 0.00 0.70 2.5Y 2.5/1 black sandy loam

6a T 4 II 0.70 0.90 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

6a T 4 III 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay with gravel from old driveway

6a U 5 I 0.00 0.80 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

6a U 5 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a U 6 I 0.00 0.80 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

6a U 6 II 0.80 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a W 4 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

6a W 4 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6a W 5 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

6a W 5 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

6aW6 I 0.00 1.10 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown sandy loam

6aW6 II 1.10 1.50 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6aW7 Not Excavated grading

6aX 1 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown sandy loam

6aX 1 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6aX2 I 0.00 0.80 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown sandy loam

6aX2 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay modern refuse discarded

6aX3 I 0.00 0.80 2.5Y 5/3 light olive brown sandy loam

6aX3 II 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay modern refuse discarded

6aX4 I 0.00 0.90 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

6aX4 II 0.90 1.30 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay modern refuse discarded 

6aX5 I 0.00 0.40 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

6aX5 II 0.40 0.80 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6aX6 I 0.00 0.10 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

6aX6 II 0.10 0.50 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6aX7 I 0.00 0.20 2.5Y 4/2 dark grayish brown sandy loam

6aX7 II 0.20 0.60 2.5Y 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay very small brick flecks and gravel

6aX8 Not Excavated driveway

6aY5 I 0.00 0.90 2.5YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown with 40% pea gravel

6aY5 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6aY6 I 0.00 0.10 2.5Y 3/2 very dark grayish brown sandy loam terminated - gravel impasse

6aY7 Not Excavated gravel, probably driveway

6aZ 1 Not Excavated buried utilities

6aZ2 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown sandy loam

6aZ2 II 0.40 0.70 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy loam

6aZ2 III 0.70 1.10 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sandy clay

6aZ3 I 0.00 0.30 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown sandy loam

6aZ3 II 0.30 0.90 10YR 5/2 grayish brown sandy loam with pockets of clay

6aZ3 III 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown sandy clay

6aZ4 I 0.00 0.40 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown sandy loam

6aZ4 II 0.40 0.80 10YR 5/3 brown sandy loam

6aZ4 III 0.80 1.20 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray sandy clay

6fA 1 I 0.00 0.30 2.5Y 4/3 olive brown silty clay loam

6fA 1 II 0.30 0.70 10YR 6/8 brownish yellow silty clay

6fA2 I 0.00 0.20 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

6fA2 II 0.20 1.00 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray sandy clay

6gA 1 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam terminated - compact gravel

6gA2 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

6gA2 II 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty clay

6gA3 I 0.00 0.90 10YR 3/4 dark yellowish brown silt loam

6gA3 II 0.90 1.30 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow silty clay

6gB 1 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 3/2 very dark grayish brown silt loam

6gB 1 II 0.10 0.70 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow and 10YR 6/1 gray clay overburden

6gB 1 III 0.70 1.00 10YR 3/3 dark brown silt loam

6gB 1 IV 1.00 1.40 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown silty clay
Area Transect STP Radial Level Start 

Depth (ft.)

End Depth 

(ft.) Soil Description Comments

6gB2 I 0.00 1.00 10YR 6/6 brownish yellow and 10YR 6/1 gray clay terminated 

- compaction, 

overburden

6gC 1 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

6gC 1 II 0.10 0.80 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sandy clay with 60% gravel

6gC2 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

6gC2 II 0.10 0.60 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sandy clay with 60% gravel

6gC3 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

6gC3 II 0.10 0.60 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sandy clay with 60% gravel

6gC4 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

6gC4 II 0.10 0.50 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sandy clay with 60% gravel

6gC5 I 0.00 0.10 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

6gC5 II 0.10 0.50 10YR 5/6 yellowish brown sandy clay with 60% gravel

6hA 1 I 0.00 0.70 10YR 4/3 brown sandy loam

6hA 1 II 0.70 1.10 10YR 6/4 light yellowish brown clay sand
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail C-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

APPENDIX C: ARTIFACT CATALOG 
TABLE C-1: ARTIFACT CATALOG

Site Prov. Strat Level Object Part Material Ware Decoration/Color Manufacture

Tech. Comments Count

44ST1223 2k-MD-1 I 1 Nail Head and 

Shaft Iron Alloy Cut, Machine Cut Head 1

44ST1223 2k-MD-2 I 1 Nail Head and 

Shaft Iron Alloy Cut, Machine Cut Head 1

44ST1223 2k-MD-3 I 1 Barrel Banding Fragment Iron Alloy Indeterminate 1

44ST1223 2k-MD-4 I 1 Nail Head and 

Shaft Iron Alloy Cut, Machine Cut Head 1

44ST1223 2k-MD-5 I 1 Nail Head and 

Shaft Iron Alloy Cut, Machine Cut Head 1

44ST1223 2k-MD-5 I 1 Nail Complete Iron Alloy Cut, Machine 

Cut Head 1

44ST1223 2k-MD-6 I 1 Horseshoe Fragment Iron Alloy Hand Wrought 1

44SP0768 3f-B-8 

East I 1 Bottle Body Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate 5

44SP0187 3b-A-1 I 1 Nail Head and 

Shaft Iron Alloy Cut, Machine Cut Head 1

44SP0187 3b-A-1 I 1 Indeterminate Rim Fragment Refined 

Earthenware Whiteware Painted/Green 1

44SP0187 3b-A-1 I 1 Jug/Bottle Body 

Fragment Stoneware American Stoneware

None Present, 

Indeterminate Decoration 1

44SP0187 3b-A-1 I 1 Indeterminate Body 

Fragment

Refined 

Earthenware Whiteware Transferprint Underglaze/Blue 1

44SP0187 3b-A-1 I 1 Insulator Base 

Fragment Glass Aqua Machine-made 1

44SP0187 3b-A-1 I 1 Shell Fragment Shell Oyster/12.1 

g 1

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Window Glass Fragment Glass Aqua Indeterminate 4

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Brick Fragment Clay Hand-made 320 g 2

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1

Mug/Cup/Drinking 

Pot

Base/Body 

Fragment

Coarse 

Earthenware Redware Iron Glaze 6

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Indeterminate Body 

Fragment

Refined 

Earthenware Ironstone Painted/Chrome Colors 1

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Indeterminate Body 

Fragment

Refined 

Earthenware Whiteware None Present, Indeterminate Decoration 1

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate 4

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Amber Indeterminate 6

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Spring Fragment Iron Alloy Machine-made 2

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Shell Fragment Shell Oyster/ 40.1 

g 4

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Bead Complete Glass Red triangle 

shaped 1

44SP0187 3b-A-2 II 1 Smoking Pipe Pipe Stem White Ball Clay 5/64th 1
Site Prov. Strat Level Object Part Material Ware Decoration/Color Manufacture

Tech. Comments Count

44SP0187 3b-A-2 III 1 Nail Complete Iron Alloy Ungalvanized 

Wire

Finishing 

nails3

44SP0187 3b-A-2 III 1 Nail Complete Iron Alloy Ungalvanized 

Wire 1

44SP0187 3b-A-2 III 1 Cap Complete Aluminum SCREW 

TOP 1

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I 1 Nail Complete Iron Alloy Machine-made

large 

nail/spike 

(size of test 

unit nail) 1

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I 1 Indeterminate Fragment Iron Alloy Indeterminate

iron 

fragment 

with small 

pebbles 

attached 

from 

corrosion. 1

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I 1 Strap Fragment Iron Alloy Indeterminate

Iron 

strapping. 

Possible 

barrel 

banding2

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Window Glass Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate5

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Molded Pattern/Clear Indeterminate square3

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Tumbler Body 

Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate 1

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Lamp Part Base 

Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate 1

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Indeterminate Body 

Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate crizzled2

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Bottle Base/Body 

Fragment Glass Stippled/Clear Machine

-made

3

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate9

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Lamp, Chimney Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate5

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Amber Indeterminate4

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Bottle Finish Glass Clear Machine-made

Small Mouth 

External 

Thread 1

44SP0187 3b-A-3 I/II Indeterminate Indeterminate 

Part Copper Alloy Indeterminate

two copper 

tubes from 

one sheet of 

copper alloy 1

44SP0187 3b-A-4 I/II Window Glass Fragment Glass Aqua Indeterminate 1
Site Prov. Strat Level Object Part Material Ware Decoration/Color Manufacture

Tech. Comments Count

44SP0187 3b-A-4 I/II Indeterminate Body 

Fragment Porcelain Soft Paste Painted/Green 1

44SP0187 3b-A-4 I/II Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Aqua Indeterminate 1

44SP0187 3b-A-4 I/II Bottle Base/Body 

Fragment Glass Embossed/Clear Machine

-made

Units in 

CC'S 14

44SP0187 3b-MD-1 I 1 Indeterminate Complete Iron Alloy Indeterminate

Rectangular 

iron. Too 

dense to be 

harness or 

carriage 

related. 1

44HE1202 6a-T-3 I 1 Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Aqua Indeterminate 1

44HE1202 6a-T-3 I 1 Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Brilliant Green Machine

-made

2

44HE1202 6a-T-3 I 1 Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate2

44HE1202 6a-T-3 I 1 Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Embossed/Clear Machine

-made

possible 

Orange 

Crush bottle 

fragment

"ru 

Beverage" 1

44HE1202 6a

-T-3 

North I 1 Nail Head and Shaft Iron Alloy Cut, Machine Cut Head 1

44HE1202 6a

-T-3 

North I 1 Nail Head and Shaft Iron Alloy Indeterminate2

44HE1202 6a

-T-3 

North I 1 Window Glass Fragment Glass Aqua Indeterminate 1

44HE1202 6a

-T-3 

North I 1 Bottle Body Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate2

44HE1202 6a

-T-3 

West I 1 Nail Shaft Iron Alloy Indeterminate2

44HE1202 6a

-T-3 

West I 1 Hollowware Body Fragment

Refined 

Earthenware Ironstone Colored Glaze Blue

-tinted 

ironstone 1

44HE1202 6a

-T-3 

West I 1 Bottle Body Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate2

44HE1202 6a-T-4 I 1 Nail Head and 

Shaft Iron Alloy Indeterminate 1

44HE1202 6a-T-4 I 1 Bottle Body 

Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate 1

44HE1202 6a

-T-4 

South I 1 Indeterminate Body Fragment Milk Glass Indeterminate 1

44HE1202 6a

-T-4 

South I 1 Bottle Body Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate2
Site Prov. Strat Level Object Part Material Ware Decoration/Color Manufacture

Tech. Comments Count

ISF 2e-1 2e-1 0 Insulator Almost 

Complete Glass Embossed/Aqua Machine

-made

" PAT. NOV. 

13 1883.

FAB. 

12.1884 1

ISF 3c-1 3c-E-4 I 1 Debitage Fragment Quartz

Size Class 2 

0 % Cortex 

No Platform 1

ISF 3f-1 3fC-25 I 1 Nail Complete Iron Alloy Cut, Machine 

Cut Head 1

ISF 3f-1

3fC-25 

West I 1 Bottle Body Fragment Glass Clear Indeterminate 1

ISF 5a-1 5a-A-4 I 1 Debitage Fragment Quartz

Size Class 3 

0 % Cortex 

No Platform 1

ISF 5a-1

5a-A-4 

East I 1 Debitage Fragment Quartz

Size Class 2 

0 % Cortex 

No Platform 1
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail D-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

APPENDIX D: STATE LANDS PERMIT 
Western Region Office

962 Kime Lane

Salem, VA 24153

Tel: (540) 387-5443

Fax: (540) 387-5446

Northern Region Office

5357 Main Street

PO Box 519

Stephens City, VA 22655

Tel: (540) 868-7029

Fax: (540) 868-7033

Eastern Region Office

2801 Kensington Avenue

Richmond, VA 23221

Tel: (804) 367-2323

Fax: (804) 367-2391

Figure 

February 20, 2018 

Ms. Kerri Barile 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group 

300 Central Road, Suite 200 

Fredericksburg, VA 22401 

Re: Request for Permit to Conduct Archaeological Investigations on State-Controlled Land 

 Southeast High Speed Rail Project - DC2RVA Section 

 Leesylvania State Park, Prince William County, VA 

 DHR File No. 2014-0666 

Dear Ms. Barile: 

Thank you for your request for permission to conduct field investigations on state-controlled lands. Find 

enclosed the requested permit. This permit is valid for the investigations as described in the approved 

research design. Please be aware that there are several conditions that must be met to satisfy the permit 

requirements, and these are listed in the permit. 

The permit is valid for a period of one year dating from February 20, 2018. According to the stipulations of the 

permit, a final report of all investigations is due in the Department by February 20, 2019. This report should 

thoroughly document the findings of this archaeological work and provide recommendations on the need for and 

scope of additional work. 

Should there be extenuating circumstances that make you unable to meet the conditions of this permit, please 

contact the Department. If you have any questions concerning the stipulations of the permit, or if we may 

provide any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact me at roger.kirchen@dhr.virginia.gov. 

Sincerely, 

Roger W. Kirchen, Director 

Review and Compliance Division 

encl. 

c. Mr. Craig Seaver, DCR 

COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA

Department of Historic Resources

Matt Strickler 2801 Kensington Avenue, Richmond, Virginia 23221

Secretary of Natural Resources

Julie V. Langan

Director

Tel: (804) 367-2323

Fax: (804) 367-2391

www.dhr.virginia.gov
Western Region Office

962 Kime Lane

Salem, VA 24153

Tel: (540) 387-5443

Fax: (540) 387-5446

Northern Region Office

5357 Main Street

PO Box 519

Stephens City, VA 22655

Tel: (540) 868-7029

Fax: (540) 868-7033

Eastern Region Office

2801 Kensington Avenue

Richmond, VA 23221

Tel: (804) 367-2323

Fax: (804) 367-2391

February 20, 2018 

Ms. Kerri Barile 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group 

300 Central Road, Suite 200 

Fredericksburg, VA 22401 

Re: Permit to Conduct Archaeological Investigations on State-Controlled Land 

 Southeast High Speed Rail Project - DC2RVA Section 

 Leesylvania State Park, Prince William County, VA

 DHR File No. 2014-0666 

Dear Ms. Barile: 

 

Thank you for your request for permission to conduct field investigations on state-controlled lands. 

In accordance with §10.1-2300 of the Code of Virginia, the Virginia Antiquities Act, effective July 

1, 1989, the Department of Historic Resources (“Department”) on this 20th day of February, 2018 

hereby grants to Kerri Barile (“Permittee”) of the Dovetail Cultural Resource Group permission to 

conduct archaeological investigations at Leesylvania State Park in Prince William County in 

support of the Southeast High Speed Rail Project - DC2RVA Section. This permit is to be 

considered effective as of today's date. 

 

The granting of this permit signifies that:

1. The Department finds that granting the permit is in the best interests of the Commonwealth; 

2. The Department finds that the archeologist selected to perform the work is qualified pursuant to 

§10.1-2302(B) of the Code of Virginia to conduct these investigations; 

3. The Department has received from the Permittee acknowledgement that all materials resulting 

from the study, including artifacts, field records and photographs, are the property of the 

Commonwealth of Virginia in accordance with §10.1-2302(C); and 

4. The Department has received from the Permittee and has approved, pursuant to §10.1-2302(D), 

a statement detailing the goals and objectives of the project and the proposed research strategy. 

COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA

Department of Historic Resources

Matt Strickler 2801 Kensington Avenue, Richmond, Virginia 23221

Secretary of Natural Resources

Julie V. Langan

Director

Tel: (804) 367-2323

Fax: (804) 367-2391

www.dhr.virginia.gov
Page 2 of 3 

February 20, 2018 

DHR File No. 2014-0666

Western Region Office

962 Kime Lane

Salem, VA 24153

Tel: (540) 387-5443

Fax: (540) 387-5446

Northern Region Office

5357 Main Street

PO Box 519

Stephens City, VA 22655

Tel: (540) 868-7029

Fax: (540) 868-7033

Eastern Region Office

2801 Kensington Avenue

Richmond, VA 23221

Tel: (804) 367-2323

Fax: (804) 367-2391

This permit is granted subject to the following conditions:

1. The Permittee shall ensure that the proposed field investigations are carried out in strict 

accordance with the approved research statement referred to in Item 4 above, or shall obtain the 

prior written approval of the Department for any change; 

2. The Permittee shall ensure that the Department is informed in writing of the initiation and 

completion of field work, and allow inspections by representatives or designees of the 

Department as determined necessary by the Department; 

3. The Permittee shall ensure that, at the conclusion of the project, a Virginia State Archaeological 

Site Inventory form is completed for any identified site or updated for existing sites. All 

inventory forms shall be submitted to the Department in an electronic format consistent with the 

Department's Virginia Cultural Resource Information System (VCRIS) at the end of the field 

investigations and prior to submission of any technical reports; 

4. The Permittee shall ensure that a technical report of the investigations is prepared upon 

completion of all field investigations under this permit. The report shall meet the federal 

standards entitled Archeology and Historic Preservation: Secretary of the Interior's Standards 

and Guidelines (48 FR 44716-44742, September 29, 1983) and the Department's Guidelines for 

Conducting Historic Resources Survey in Virginia (rev. 2017). One bound hardcopy and one 

digital copy of the report shall be submitted to the Department for review and comment; 

5. All artifacts recovered as a consequence of the investigations conducted under this permit shall 

be placed in the collections of the Department upon completion of the study and shall be curated 

(with the exception of any items used for appropriate exhibit purposes) in accordance with the 

Department's State Curation Standards; 

6. The archeologist selected to perform the work shall carry a copy of the permit during all 

fieldwork; 

7. The Permittee shall consult with the Department in the event that human remains are identified 

during work performed under this permit; 

8. The Department reserves the right to revoke this permit upon the initiative of the Director, or 

upon the request of any interested party for violations of any of the above conditions, or if good 

cause is demonstrated; and 

9. This permit shall be valid for one year from the date of issuance. This permit is not transferable.
Page 3 of 3 

February 20, 2018 

DHR File No. 2014-0666

Western Region Office

962 Kime Lane

Salem, VA 24153

Tel: (540) 387-5443

Fax: (540) 387-5446

Northern Region Office

5357 Main Street

PO Box 519

Stephens City, VA 22655

Tel: (540) 868-7029

Fax: (540) 868-7033

Eastern Region Office

2801 Kensington Avenue

Richmond, VA 23221

Tel: (804) 367-2323

Fax: (804) 367-2391

If you have any questions regarding this permit and its conditions, or if you require any further 

assistance, please do not hesitate to contact Roger Kirchen of our project review division at email 

roger.kirchen@dhr.virginia.gov. 

 

Sincerely, 

Julie V. Langan 

Director 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail E-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

APPENDIX E: NEWLY RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE 

FORMS 
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44HE1202

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 1 of 3 

Snapshot Date Generated: May 10, 2018

Site Name: No Data

Site Classification: Terrestrial, open air

Year(s): No Data

Site Type(s): Artifact scatter

Other DHR ID: No Data

Temporary Designation: site 6a-1

Site Evaluation Status

Not Evaluated

Locational Information

USGS Quad: GLEN ALLEN

County/Independent City: Henrico (County)

Physiographic Province: Coastal Plain

Elevation: 215

Aspect: Flat

Drainage: James

Slope: 0 - 2

Acreage: 0.080

Landform: Urban

Ownership Status: Private

Government Entity Name: No Data

Site Components

Component 1

Category: Domestic

Site Type: Artifact scatter

Cultural Affiliation: Indeterminate

DHR Time Period: Reconstruction and Growth, The New Dominion, World War I to World War II

Start Year: No Data

End Year: No Data

Comments: (Calhoun 2018) This site is a refuse scatter dating to the twentieth century and was initially identified

during STP survey, via the recovery of 22 artifacts in five STPs.

Bibliographic Information

Bibliography:

No Data

Informant Data:

No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44HE1202

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 2 of 3 

CRM Events

Event Type: Survey:Phase I

Project Staff/Notes:

Survey was conducted by Kevin McCloskey, Dr. Mike Klein, Jonas Schnur, and Kerry Gonzalez

Project Review File Number: 2014-0666

Sponsoring Organization: No Data

Organization/Company: Dovetail CRG

Investigator: Kevin McCloskey

Survey Date: 2/4/2018

Survey Description:

Dovetail 2018: The current archaeological study included a Phase IB survey of the preferred alternative limits of disturbance (LOD) (Arlington [Area

1] through Richmond [Area 6]) of the DC2RVA corridor. The DC2RVA corridor has been the subject of ongoing cultural resource investigations from

2014 to present, including a Phase IA archaeological background review and archaeological predictive model (Klein at al. 2015) and a Phase IB

archaeological survey of the mainline based on modeling (McCloskey et al. 2016). The archaeological area of potential effects (APE) for the

DC2RVA project includes the footprint of physical improvements associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any

associated roadwork. Since the conclusion of the previous Phase IB archaeological work, a draft environmental impact statement resulting in the

selection of a Preferred Alternative has been completed. Additionally, engineering, and design work has been completed for the corridor resulting in

the definition of the physical footprint of improvements for the selected Preferred Alternative, including all road modifications, straightening of

curves, the addition of wyes, proposed station locations, parking areas, etc. As such the APE studied as part of the current report was defined by the

LOD of the Preferred Alternative, specifically defined as an area e generally along the existing 123-mile (198-km) CSX Transportation (CSXT) rail

corridor. The archaeological study consisted of a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing with STPs placed at 50-foot intervals, supplemented by a

metal detector survey, where needed, throughout the APE beyond the limits of previous Phase IB investigations.

Current Land Use Date of Use Comments

Forest 3/1/2018 12:00:00 AM (Calhoun 2018) The site is located in a small wooded area on the eastern side

of the CSXT rail line, between the rail and Mayfair Avenue, just south of

Hungary Road in Glen Allen, Henrico County.

Threats to Resource: Transportation Expansion

Site Conditions: 25-49% of Site Destroyed

Survey Strategies: Observation, Subsurface Testing

Specimens Collected: Yes

Specimens Observed, Not Collected: No

Artifacts Summary and Diagnostics:

The assemblage recovered from the site includes 22 artifacts dating to the early-twentieth century. The artifacts primarily include clear, brilliant green,

and aqua bottle glass likely representing casual discard rather than being indicative of a domestic occupation. Additional materials include nails, both

machine-cut and those of indeterminate manufacturing, window glass, and a fragment of ironstone.

Summary of Specimens Observed, Not Collected:

No Data

Current Curation Repository: Dovetail Cultural Resource Group

Permanent Curation Repository: Dovetail Cultural Resource Group

Field Notes: Yes

Field Notes Repository: Dovetail Cultural Resource Group

Photographic Media: Digital

Survey Reports: Yes

Survey Report Information:

Dovetail 2018: McCloskey, Kevin, Emily Calhoun, Kerry Gonzalez, and Mike Klein Phase IB Archaeological Survey for the Washington, D.C. to

Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project Preferred Alternative Limits of Disturbance

Survey Report Repository: DHR

DHR Library Reference Number: No Data

Significance Statement: The site is a twentieth-century refuse scatter. Given the lack of evidence for a structure in

the site boundaries and the widespread disturbance, as well as the abundance of sites dating

to this period, it is unlikely that the site would yield significant information about twentiethcentury occupation of the Glen Allen area, as such the site is not eligible for NRHP listing

under criterion D. Nor is the site associated with a historical event or pattern of events

(Criterion A) or significant persons (Criterion B) and the deposits do not illustrate

distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction (Criterion C). As

such, it is recommended that the site is not eligible for NRHP listing.

Surveyor's Eligibility Recommendations: Recommended Not Eligible

Surveyor's NR Criteria Recommendations, : No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44HE1202

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 3 of 3 

Surveyor's NR Criteria Considerations: No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44HE1203

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 1 of 3 

Snapshot Date Generated: May 10, 2018

Site Name: Grave Yard for Free People of Color and Slaves

Site Classification: Terrestrial, open air

Year(s): No Data

Site Type(s): Cemetery

Other DHR ID: No Data

Temporary Designation: Site 6e-1

Site Evaluation Status

Not Evaluated

Locational Information

USGS Quad: RICHMOND

County/Independent City: Richmond (Ind. City)

Physiographic Province: Coastal Plain

Elevation: 130

Aspect: Facing Southeast

Drainage: James

Slope: 2 - 6

Acreage: 3.300

Landform: Sideslope

Ownership Status: Private

Government Entity Name: No Data

Site Components

Component 1

Category: Funerary

Site Type: Cemetery

Cultural Affiliation: African American

DHR Time Period: Antebellum Period

Start Year: No Data

End Year: No Data

Comments: This site represents the “Grave Yard for Free People of Color and Slaves” identified solely based on

historic map analysis. The site was identified based on the Micajah Bates 1835 Plan of the City of

Richmond Drawn From Actual Survey and Regional Plans.

Bibliographic Information

Bibliography:

Bates, Micajah

1835Plan of the City of Richmond Drawn From Actual Survey and Regional Plans. Electronic document, search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/uvalib:1003728#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=

0&xywh=-1404%2C-1453%2C23619%2C17511, accessed January 2018.

Beers, F.W.

1877Map of the City of Richmond. F.W. Beers, Richmond, Virginia. Electronic document, www.loc.gov/item/2005630891, accessed January 2018.

Calhoun, Emily

2013Archaeological and Geoarchaeological Assessment of The Slave and Free Black Burying Ground, I-64 Shockoe Valley Bridge Project, City of

Richmond, Virginia. Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., Richmond, Virginia

Informant Data:

No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44HE1203

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 2 of 3 

CRM Events

Event Type: Survey:Phase I

Project Staff/Notes:

Survey was conducted by Kevin McCloskey, Dr. Mike Klein, Jonas Schnur, and Kerry Gonzalez

Project Review File Number: 2014-0666

Sponsoring Organization: No Data

Organization/Company: Dovetail CRG

Investigator: Kevin McCloskey

Survey Date: 2/4/2018

Survey Description:

Dovetail 2018: The current archaeological study included a Phase IB survey of the preferred alternative limits of disturbance (LOD) (Arlington [Area

1] through Richmond [Area 6]) of the DC2RVA corridor. The DC2RVA corridor has been the subject of ongoing cultural resource investigations from

2014 to present, including a Phase IA archaeological background review and archaeological predictive model (Klein at al. 2015) and a Phase IB

archaeological survey of the mainline based on modeling (McCloskey et al. 2016). The archaeological area of potential effects (APE) for the

DC2RVA project includes the footprint of physical improvements associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any

associated roadwork. Since the conclusion of the previous Phase IB archaeological work, a draft environmental impact statement resulting in the

selection of a Preferred Alternative has been completed. Additionally, engineering, and design work has been completed for the corridor resulting in

the definition of the physical footprint of improvements for the selected Preferred Alternative, including all road modifications, straightening of

curves, the addition of wyes, proposed station locations, parking areas, etc. As such the APE studied as part of the current report was defined by the

LOD of the Preferred Alternative, specifically defined as an area e generally along the existing 123-mile (198-km) CSX Transportation (CSXT) rail

corridor. The archaeological study consisted of a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing with STPs placed at 50-foot intervals, supplemented by a

metal detector survey, where needed, throughout the APE beyond the limits of previous Phase IB investigations.

Current Land Use Date of Use Comments

Parking lot 3/1/2018 12:00:00 AM (Calhoun 2018) The site is located in an urban setting on the west side of the

CSXT rail line, along Hospital Street in Richmond.

Threats to Resource: Transportation Expansion

Site Conditions: 75-99% of Site Destroyed

Survey Strategies: Historic Map Projection

Specimens Collected: No

Specimens Observed, Not Collected: No

Artifacts Summary and Diagnostics:

No Data

Summary of Specimens Observed, Not Collected:

No Data

Current Curation Repository: n/a

Permanent Curation Repository: n/a

Field Notes: Yes

Field Notes Repository: Dovetail Cultural Resource Group

Photographic Media: Digital

Survey Reports: Yes

Survey Report Information:

Dovetail 2018: McCloskey, Kevin, Emily Calhoun, Kerry Gonzalez, and Mike Klein Phase IB Archaeological Survey for the Washington, D.C. to

Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project Preferred Alternative Limits of Disturbance

Survey Report Repository: DHR

DHR Library Reference Number: No Data

Significance Statement: (Calhoun 2018) The site is a nineteenth-century “Grave Yard for Free People of Color and

Slaves” as identified by Bates (1835). According to documentary evidence it was

established circa 1816 and likely abandoned circa 1890. No subsurface excavations were

conducted within the cemetery area, as such the cemetery has not been delineated.

Pedestrian survey of the cemetery area within the current APE indicated a variety of modern

disturbances. The APE within the site area is confined to the sidewalks north of Hospital

Street, the road itself, and the slope immediately south of Hospital Street. Pedestrian survey

of the site location indicates that the disturbance noted within the APE, most notably the

grading needed to construct Hospital Street (approximately 10 feet [3 m]) would have

disturbed the cemetery location. As such, the portion of the site within the APE lacks

subsurface integrity and therefore does not contribute the site’s overall NRHP eligibility.

However, it is recommended that the site should be considered unevaluated for the NRHP

as no subsurface investigations within site location have been undertaken. It is further noted

that Calhoun’s (2013) recommendation that if the cemetery remains intact, it would likely

be located at the crest of the valley slope under the footprint of current Tallys Auto Shop,
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44HE1203

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 3 of 3 

remains valid. The current survey noted that the crest of the valley slope, to the north of the

current APE, appeared visually intact and not subjected to the extensive grading observed in

the portion of the site within the APE.

Surveyor's Eligibility Recommendations: Recommended Potentially Eligible

Surveyor's NR Criteria Recommendations, : D

Surveyor's NR Criteria Considerations: No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44HE1204

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 1 of 3 

Snapshot Date Generated: May 10, 2018

Site Name: Carrington’s Mill

Site Classification: Terrestrial, open air

Year(s): 1835 - 1850

Site Type(s): Mill

Other DHR ID: No Data

Temporary Designation: site 6e-2

Site Evaluation Status

Not Evaluated

Locational Information

USGS Quad: RICHMOND

County/Independent City: Richmond (Ind. City)

Physiographic Province: Coastal Plain

Elevation: 50

Aspect: Facing South

Drainage: James

Slope: 0 - 2

Acreage: 3.570

Landform: Urban

Ownership Status: Private

Government Entity Name: No Data

Site Components

Component 1

Category: Industry/Processing/Extraction

Site Type: Mill

Cultural Affiliation: Euro-American

DHR Time Period: Antebellum Period

Start Year: 1835

End Year: 1850

Comments: (Calhoun 2018) The sites is an early-nineteenth-century mill site as identified by Bates 1835. According to

documentary evidence it was established circa 1835 and likely abandoned by the 1850s. No subsurface

excavations were conducted within the location of the mill site and, as such, the mill and associated

infrastructure have not been delineated.

Bibliographic Information

Bibliography:

Bates, Micajah

1835Plan of the City of Richmond Drawn From Actual Survey and Regional Plans. Electronic document, search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/uvalib:1003728#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=

0&xywh=-1404%2C-1453%2C23619%2C17511, accessed January 2018.

Richmond Enquirer [Richmond, Virginia]

1847May 14. Electronic document, https://www.newspapers.com, accessed April 2018.

1849 January 19. Electronic document, https://www.newspapers.com, accessed April 2018.

1850 July 23. Electronic document, https://www.newspapers.com, accessed April 2018.

1852 April 23. Electronic document, https://www.newspapers.com, accessed April 2018.

Richmond Times-Dispatch [Richmond, Virginia]

1852March 17. Electronic document, https://www.newspapers.com, accessed April 2018.

1854June 24. Electronic document, https://www.newspapers.com, accessed April 2018.

1857 April 20. Electronic document, https://www.newspapers.com, accessed April 2018.

Informant Data:

No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44HE1204

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 2 of 3 

CRM Events

Event Type: Survey:Phase I

Project Staff/Notes:

Survey was conducted by Kevin McCloskey, Dr. Mike Klein, Jonas Schnur, and Kerry Gonzalez

Project Review File Number: 2014-0666

Sponsoring Organization: No Data

Organization/Company: Dovetail CRG

Investigator: Kevin McCloskey

Survey Date: 2/4/2018

Survey Description:

Dovetail 2018: The current archaeological study included a Phase IB survey of the preferred alternative limits of disturbance (LOD) (Arlington [Area

1] through Richmond [Area 6]) of the DC2RVA corridor. The DC2RVA corridor has been the subject of ongoing cultural resource investigations from

2014 to present, including a Phase IA archaeological background review and archaeological predictive model (Klein at al. 2015) and a Phase IB

archaeological survey of the mainline based on modeling (McCloskey et al. 2016). The archaeological area of potential effects (APE) for the

DC2RVA project includes the footprint of physical improvements associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any

associated roadwork. Since the conclusion of the previous Phase IB archaeological work, a draft environmental impact statement resulting in the

selection of a Preferred Alternative has been completed. Additionally, engineering, and design work has been completed for the corridor resulting in

the definition of the physical footprint of improvements for the selected Preferred Alternative, including all road modifications, straightening of

curves, the addition of wyes, proposed station locations, parking areas, etc. As such the APE studied as part of the current report was defined by the

LOD of the Preferred Alternative, specifically defined as an area e generally along the existing 123-mile (198-km) CSX Transportation (CSXT) rail

corridor. The archaeological study consisted of a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing with STPs placed at 50-foot intervals, supplemented by a

metal detector survey, where needed, throughout the APE beyond the limits of previous Phase IB investigations.

Current Land Use Date of Use Comments

Railroad 3/1/2018 12:00:00 AM (Calhoun 2018) The site is located in an urban setting on the east side of the

CSXT rail line, directly north of I-95.

Threats to Resource: Transportation Expansion

Site Conditions: Unknown Portion of Site Destroyed

Survey Strategies: Historic Map Projection

Specimens Collected: No

Specimens Observed, Not Collected: No

Artifacts Summary and Diagnostics:

No Data

Summary of Specimens Observed, Not Collected:

No Data

Current Curation Repository: n/a

Permanent Curation Repository: n/a

Field Notes: Yes

Field Notes Repository: Dovetail Cultural Resource Group

Photographic Media: Digital

Survey Reports: Yes

Survey Report Information:

Dovetail 2018: McCloskey, Kevin, Emily Calhoun, Kerry Gonzalez, and Mike Klein Phase IB Archaeological Survey for the Washington, D.C. to

Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project Preferred Alternative Limits of Disturbance

Survey Report Repository: DHR

DHR Library Reference Number: No Data

Significance Statement: (Calhoun 2018) The site is an early-nineteenth-century mill site as identified by Bates 1835.

According to documentary evidence it was established circa 1835 and likely abandoned by

the 1850s. No subsurface excavations were conducted within the location of the mill site

and, as such, the mill and associated infrastructure have not been delineated. Pedestrian

survey of the mill site within the current APE indicated a variety of modern disturbances.

The APE within the site area is confined to a wooded parcel along CSXT right-of-way.

Pedestrian survey of the site location indicates that the disturbance noted within the APE,

most notably buried utility corridors, modern development, and construction associated with

the modern alignment the railway would likely have removed any trace of the former mill

site. As such, the portion of the site within the APE lacks subsurface integrity and therefore

cannot contribute the site’s overall NRHP eligibility. However, it is recommended that the

site should be considered unevaluated for the NRHP as no subsurface investigations within

the site location have been undertaken.

Surveyor's Eligibility Recommendations: No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44HE1204

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 3 of 3 

Surveyor's NR Criteria Recommendations, : No Data

Surveyor's NR Criteria Considerations: No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44SP0768

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 1 of 3 

Snapshot Date Generated: May 10, 2018

Site Name: No Data

Site Classification: Terrestrial, open air

Year(s): 1914 - 1952

Site Type(s): Cemetery

Other DHR ID: 088-5511

Temporary Designation: site 3f-1

Site Evaluation Status

Not Evaluated

Locational Information

USGS Quad: GUINEA

County/Independent City: Spotsylvania (County)

Physiographic Province: Coastal Plain

Elevation: 230

Aspect: Flat

Drainage: Lower Chesapeake

Slope: 0 - 2

Acreage: 0.060

Landform: Ridge Top

Ownership Status: Private

Government Entity Name: No Data

Site Components

Component 1

Category:

Site Type:

Cultural Affiliation:

DHR Time Period:

Start Year:

End Year:

Comments:

Funerary

Cemetery

Euro-American

Reconstruction and Growth, World War I to World War II

1914

1952

(Calhoun 2018) The site (088-5511) is a small twentieth-century family cemetery and artifact scatter, 

including the marked interments of five individuals and the remains of decorative metal fencing. The 

earliest marked interment indicates the cemetery originated circa 1914 and the latest marked date 

indicates it fell out of use circa 1952.

Bibliographic Information

Bibliography:

Findagrave.com

2010Family Cemetery, Massaponax (Guinea), Spotsylvania County, Virginia. Electronic document,

https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/2346068/memorial-search?page=1#sr-49775562, accessed April 2018.

Informant Data:

No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44SP0768

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 2 of 3 

CRM Events

Event Type: Survey:Phase I

Project Staff/Notes:

Survey was conducted by Kevin McCloskey, Dr. Mike Klein, Jonas Schnur, and Kerry Gonzalez

Project Review File Number: 2014-0666

Sponsoring Organization: No Data

Organization/Company: Dovetail CRG

Investigator: Kevin McCloskey

Survey Date: 2/4/2018

Survey Description:

Dovetail 2018: The current archaeological study included a Phase IB survey of the preferred alternative limits of disturbance (LOD) (Arlington [Area

1] through Richmond [Area 6]) of the DC2RVA corridor. The DC2RVA corridor has been the subject of ongoing cultural resource investigations from

2014 to present, including a Phase IA archaeological background review and archaeological predictive model (Klein at al. 2015) and a Phase IB

archaeological survey of the mainline based on modeling (McCloskey et al. 2016). The archaeological area of potential effects (APE) for the

DC2RVA project includes the footprint of physical improvements associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any

associated roadwork. Since the conclusion of the previous Phase IB archaeological work, a draft environmental impact statement resulting in the

selection of a Preferred Alternative has been completed. Additionally, engineering, and design work has been completed for the corridor resulting in

the definition of the physical footprint of improvements for the selected Preferred Alternative, including all road modifications, straightening of

curves, the addition of wyes, proposed station locations, parking areas, etc. As such the APE studied as part of the current report was defined by the

LOD of the Preferred Alternative, specifically defined as an area e generally along the existing 123-mile (198-km) CSX Transportation (CSXT) rail

corridor. The archaeological study consisted of a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing with STPs placed at 50-foot intervals, supplemented by a

metal detector survey, where needed, throughout the APE beyond the limits of previous Phase IB investigations.

Current Land Use Date of Use

Forest 3/1/2018 12:00:00 AM

Comments

(Calhoun 2018) The cemetery is located in a densely wooded area and is on

the west side of the CSXT rail line and north of Summit Crossing Road,

situated immediately west and north of a communications tower and 

associated metal pre-fabricated shed.

Transportation Expansion

Unknown Portion of Site Destroyed

Historic Map Projection, Observation

Yes

Yes

Threats to Resource:

Site Conditions:

Survey Strategies:

Specimens Collected:

Specimens Observed, Not Collected:

Artifacts Summary and Diagnostics:

(Calhoun 2018) The artifact assemblage consists of five fragments of clear bottle glass.

Summary of Specimens Observed, Not Collected:

(Calhoun 2018) Surface features noted at the site location include two engraved headstones, one footstone, four metal fence posts, and one gate post.

One headstone reads “CATLETT/ Vivian 1901–1952/Shirley 1898–1948/Henry 1865–1919/Nellie 1869–1951” and the second reads “Annie Kate/

Gilchrist/ Born/October 11, 1882”. The death date on the second stone was not visible at the time of survey as it was buried, but images of the markers

located in the findagrave.com database indicate the death date to be 1914 (Findagrave.com 2010). Based on the presence of these stones, it appears

that a minimum of five individuals may be buried within the cemetery. Four metal fence posts and a metal gate post were observed surrounding the

marked graves, although no fencing in between these posts remains

Current Curation Repository: n/a

Permanent Curation Repository: n/a

Field Notes: No

Field Notes Repository: No Data

Photographic Media: Digital

Survey Reports: Yes

Survey Report Information:

Dovetail 2018: McCloskey, Kevin, Emily Calhoun, Kerry Gonzalez, and Mike Klein Phase IB Archaeological Survey for the Washington, D.C. to

Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project Preferred Alternative Limits of Disturbance

Survey Report Repository:

DHR Library Reference Number:

Significance Statement:

DHR

No Data

(Calhoun 2018) The site (088-5511) is a small twentieth-century family cemetery and artifact 

scatter, including five artifacts, the marked interments of five individuals, and the remains of 

decorative metal fencing. No subsurface excavations were conducted within the cemetery area, as 

such the cemetery has not been delineated. The cemetery appears to be typical of small family 

burying grounds encountered throughout the region and does not display any unique architectural 

elements or known association with people or events important in history. As such, it is 

recommended that the site is not eligible for NRHP inclusion under Criteria A–D. However, it is

recommended that the general cemetery area should be avoided or further delineation efforts
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44SP0768

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 3 of 3 

should be undertaken to determine the exact limits of the cemetery.

Surveyor's Eligibility Recommendations: Recommended Not Eligible

Surveyor's NR Criteria Recommendations, : No Data

Surveyor's NR Criteria Considerations: No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44ST1224

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 1 of 3 

Snapshot Date Generated: May 10, 2018

Site Name: Daffan Family Cemetery

Site Classification: Terrestrial, open air

Year(s): 1847 - 1855

Site Type(s): Cemetery

Other DHR ID: 089-5624

Temporary Designation: site 2k-2

Site Evaluation Status

Not Evaluated

Locational Information

USGS Quad: FREDERICKSBURG

County/Independent City: Stafford (County)

Physiographic Province: No Data

Elevation: 140

Aspect: Facing South

Drainage: Potomac

Slope: 0 - 2

Acreage: 0.050

Landform: Ridge Top

Ownership Status: Private

Government Entity Name: No Data

Site Components

Component 1

Category: Funerary

Site Type: Cemetery

Cultural Affiliation: Euro-American

DHR Time Period: Antebellum Period, Civil War, Reconstruction and Growth

Start Year: 1847

End Year: 1855

Comments: (Calhoun 2018) The site is a small mid-nineteenth century family cemetery, known as the Daffan Cemetery.

Surface features noted at the site include five headstones, one associated footstone, and at least three

unmarked interments. Given the interment dates on the discernible grave markers, the cemetery was

established circa 1847 and abandoned circa 1855, suggesting it was in use for a very short period during the

mid-nineteenth century.

Bibliographic Information

Bibliography:

No Data

Informant Data:

No Data
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44ST1224

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 2 of 3 

CRM Events

Event Type: Survey:Phase I

Project Staff/Notes:

Survey was conducted by Kevin McCloskey, Dr. Mike Klein, Jonas Schnur, and Kerry Gonzalez

Project Review File Number: 2014-0666

Sponsoring Organization: No Data

Organization/Company: Dovetail CRG

Investigator: Kevin McCloskey

Survey Date: 2/4/2018

Survey Description:

Dovetail 2018: The current archaeological study included a Phase IB survey of the preferred alternative limits of disturbance (LOD) (Arlington [Area

1] through Richmond [Area 6]) of the DC2RVA corridor. The DC2RVA corridor has been the subject of ongoing cultural resource investigations from

2014 to present, including a Phase IA archaeological background review and archaeological predictive model (Klein at al. 2015) and a Phase IB

archaeological survey of the mainline based on modeling (McCloskey et al. 2016). The archaeological area of potential effects (APE) for the

DC2RVA project includes the footprint of physical improvements associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any

associated roadwork. Since the conclusion of the previous Phase IB archaeological work, a draft environmental impact statement resulting in the

selection of a Preferred Alternative has been completed. Additionally, engineering, and design work has been completed for the corridor resulting in

the definition of the physical footprint of improvements for the selected Preferred Alternative, including all road modifications, straightening of

curves, the addition of wyes, proposed station locations, parking areas, etc. As such the APE studied as part of the current report was defined by the

LOD of the Preferred Alternative, specifically defined as an area e generally along the existing 123-mile (198-km) CSX Transportation (CSXT) rail

corridor. The archaeological study consisted of a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing with STPs placed at 50-foot intervals, supplemented by a

metal detector survey, where needed, throughout the APE beyond the limits of previous Phase IB investigations.

Current Land Use Date of Use Comments

Forest 3/1/2018 12:00:00 AM (Calhoun 2018) The cemetery is densely wooded and located on the north

side of the CSXT rail line and south of Leeland Road, situated approximately

6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of Falmouth, Virginia, in Stafford County.

Threats to Resource: Transportation Expansion

Site Conditions: Unknown Portion of Site Destroyed

Survey Strategies: Historic Map Projection, Observation

Specimens Collected: No

Specimens Observed, Not Collected: Yes

Artifacts Summary and Diagnostics:

No Data

Summary of Specimens Observed, Not Collected:

(Calhoun 2018) Surface features noted at the site include five headstones, one associated footstone, and at least three unmarked interments. The first

headstone reads “IN / Memory of / WILLIAM DAFFAN / DIED / April 2nd, 1855/in the 78th year of / His age.” The marker is sandstone and has an

unmarked associated sandstone footstone. The second headstone, also sandstone, has an engraved circle thought to contain an angel and reads “In

memory of” (the rest of the text is buried). The third sandstone marker has been damaged and is represented by detached top half and the bottom half

which remains in its original location. The detached top half is decorated with a rose and reads “In memory of”. The in situ base bears the inscription

“...ANN M. / BURRUS/ WIFE OF P. H. BURRUS / Caroline County/ Who died / November 22nd 1848 / 29th year of her age.”. The fourth

headstone is also sandstone and reads “IN / Memory of / HUGH W. DAFFAN / DIED / Sept, 22. 1847 / In the 11 year / of his age.”. The final

headstone is granite and has no discernible inscription. 

In addition to the marked interments, at least three additional unmarked graves were noted during the pedestrian survey of the cemetery area. These

unmarked interments were identified based on the presences of shallow rectangular depressions. Based on the presence of both marked and unmarked

graves, it appears that a minimum of eight individuals may be buried within the cemetery.

Current Curation Repository: n/a

Permanent Curation Repository: n/a

Field Notes: Yes

Field Notes Repository: Dovetail Cultural Resource Group

Photographic Media: Digital

Survey Reports: Yes

Survey Report Information:

Dovetail 2018: McCloskey, Kevin, Emily Calhoun, Kerry Gonzalez, and Mike Klein Phase IB Archaeological Survey for the Washington, D.C. to

Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project Preferred Alternative Limits of Disturbance

Survey Report Repository: DHR

DHR Library Reference Number: No Data

Significance Statement: (Calhoun 2018) The site (089-5624) is a small mid-nineteenth-century family cemetery,

including the marked interments of five individuals and at least three unmarked graves. No

subsurface excavations were conducted within the cemetery area, as such the boundaries of

the cemetery have not been delineated. The cemetery appears to be typical of small family
Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 44ST1224

Archaeological Site Record

Archaeological site data is protected under the Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 3 of 3 

burying grounds encountered throughout the region and does not display any unique

architectural elements or known association with people or events important in history. As

such, it is recommended that site is not eligible for NRHP inclusion under Criteria A–D.

However, it is recommended that the general cemetery area should be avoided or further

delineation efforts should be undertaken to determine the exact limits of the cemetery.

Surveyor's Eligibility Recommendations: Recommended Not Eligible

Surveyor's NR Criteria Recommendations, : No Data

Surveyor's NR Criteria Considerations: No Data
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail F-1 Phase IB Archaeological Survey 

 Preferred Alternative 

APPENDIX F: QUALIFICATIONS OF THE INVESTIGATORS 
Kerri S. Barile, Ph.D., RPA 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group 

President

Dr. Barile has over 20 years of professional experience in the fields of 

archaeology, architectural history, historic research, and cultural resource 

management (CRM). She has directed the excavation of a wide array of 

archaeological sites in Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, Texas, South Carolina, and 

North Carolina, among others, and has recorded and researched an abundance of 

historic buildings, structures, districts, and objects. She has written and 

contributed to over 250 CRM reports. In addition to CRM experience, Dr. Barile 

has taught university courses in historic preservation and preservation law, 

architectural history, and archaeology. She has also published numerous 

professional articles and papers on her studies, including articles in Historical 

Archaeology and several National Register of Historic Places nominations.

Education University of Texas, Ph.D. in Anthropology & Architectural History, 2004

University of South Carolina, M.A.in Anthropology, 1999

University of South Carolina, Master’s Cert. in Museum Management, 1999

Mary Washington College, B.A. in Historic Preservation, 1994

Professional 

Experience 22 Years

Registration Secretary of Interior Standards Qualified as Archaeologist, Architectural Historian, 

Historian

Register of Professional Archaeologists

Sample 

Project 

Experience

9

th Street Bridge Architectural Study (City of Roanoke, Virginia). Intensive architectural 

survey of the historic bridge as stipulated in the Memorandum of Agreement for a bridge 

improvement plan

Berryville Water Line Survey (Clarke County, Virginia). Phase I architectural evaluation 

and Phases I and II archaeological investigations along 4 miles of the proposed line

Ellis-Bell Archaeological Site (Fredericksburg, Virginia). Investigative archaeological 

study and archival research of 1830s kiln site

Historic Counting House (Falmouth, Virginia). Intensive architectural survey, archival 

research, and production of Memorandum of Agreement prior to adaptive reuse project

Interstate 64 Peninsula Study (Richmond to Hampton, Virginia). Archaeological 

assessment of a 75-mile section of the I-64 corridor as part of a Draft Environmental 

Impact Statement

Route 301 Construction (New Castle County, Delaware). Cultural resource studies 

including Phases I, II, and III archaeological studies based on a predictive model, as well 

as public outreach, and project coordination on behalf of the Delaware Department of 

Transportation

Wildwood Phase II Archaeological Testing (Loudoun County, Virginia). Archival 

research and archaeological testing of a nineteenth century domestic site
Emily Calhoun, M.A., RPA 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group 

Report Manager

Ms. Calhoun has over 12 years of professional experience in the field of 

archaeology and has had the opportunity to work in a wide range of geographic 

and archaeological settings at sites in Colorado, Delaware, Maryland, 

Massachusetts, Nebraska, North Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia, Wisconsin, and 

Wyoming. As Dovetail’s Report Manager, Ms. Calhoun is responsible for

coordinating reporting tasks and assuring that reports and other written media meet 

internal and external quality standards. 

Education Colorado State University, M.A. in Anthropology, 2010

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, B.S. in Biological Sciences, 2006

Professional 

Experience 12 Years

Registration Secretary of Interior Standards Qualified as Archaeologist

Register of Professional Archaeologists

Sample 

Project 

Experience

Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor Study (Raleigh, North Carolina, to Washington 

D.C.). Archaeological Phase I survey, GIS mapping and modeling, and Phase II testing.

Archaeological Survey of Proposed Forest Thinning Parcels, Fort Pickett Military 

Training Center (Dinwiddie and Nottoway Counties, Virginia). Phase I archaeological 

survey of 190 acres on behalf of the Virginia Department of Military Affairs.

Mosby’s Crossing Development Project (Warrenton, Virginia). Phase I cultural resource 

survey of approximately 46 acres for a proposed residential development.

Fauquier County Predictive Model (Fauquier County, Virginia). Prehistoric 

archaeological predictive model for archaeological sites in the county to aid in 

preservation development planning by the county.

Centerville Turnpike Road Widening (Virginia Beach, Virginia). Phase I archaeological 

survey of 12 acres associated with proposed road widening, on behalf of the City of 

Virginia Beach and Virginia Department of Transportation.

Historic Cemetery Delineation, Route 630 Project (Stafford County, Virginia). Cemetery 

delineation resulting in the identification of three marked and two unmarked graves 

within a nineteenth and twentieth century family cemetery, completed on behalf of the 

Virginia Department of Transportation.

Evaluation of the Chamber’s Mill Dam (Buckingham County, Virginia). Phase II 

archaeological evaluation, on behalf of the Virginia Department of Transportation, of an 

eighteenth-century dam and mill site on the Slate River.

Archaeological Monitoring of the Solitude Water Line (City of Blacksburg, Virginia).

Archaeological monitoring of waterline installation at the mid-to-late nineteenth century 

Historic Solitude Property. 
Kevin C. McCloskey

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group

Crew Chief

Mr. McCloskey has seven years of professional experience in the field of 

archaeology as it relates to cultural resource management. He has had the 

opportunity to work in a wide range of geographic and archaeological settings at 

archaeological sites in Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Florida, West Virginia, 

and The District of Columbia. At Dovetail, Mr. McCloskey is responsible for 

participating in all phases of archaeological field investigations. 

Education University of Richmond, J.D. in Law, 2003

University of Virginia, B.A. in History, 2000

Professional 

Experience 7 Years

Registration N/A

Sample 

Project 

Experience

Houston-LeCompt Archaeological Site (New Castle County, Delaware). Phase III 

archaeological data recovery of a late-eighteenth century through early-nineteenth century 

tenant farmstead to mitigate adverse effects to the site from construction of Route 301. 

Armstrong Rogers Archaeological Site (New Castle County, Delaware). Phase III 

archaeological data recovery at a late-eighteenth through mid-nineteenth century farmstead 

work yard for Delaware Department of Transportation’s U.S. Route 301 project.

Courthouse Road/ Route 1 Widening Project (Stafford County, Virginia). Phase I 

cultural resource survey, archival research, and reporting for the Courthouse Road/Route 1 

Widening Project. 

Virginia Beach Transit Extension Study Project (City of Virginia Beach, Virginia). 

Phase I cultural resource survey for the Hampton Transit Project.

Southeast High Speed Rail (DC2RVA Rail) Project (Richmond to Washington, D.C.). 

Cultural Resource studies, archival research, GIS field data collection, cultural resource 

GIS layers, and reporting.

Purple Line Light Rail (Montgomery and Prince Georges County, Maryland). Phase 1A 

reconnaissance studies, archival research, architectural analysis, Determinations of 

Eligibility, Phase 1B archaeological surveys, GIS field data collection, cultural resource 

GIS layers, coordination geomorphological studies, and reporting. 

Eastern Shore Natural Gas Company White Oak Lateral Project (Kent County, 

Delaware). Cultural resource studies to Section 106 (National Historic Preservation Act) 

and National Environmental Policy Act compliance standards, under the regulatory 

authority of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. 

Route 301 Northern Spur (New Castle County, Delaware). Phase II archaeological 

investigations on behalf of Delaware Department of Transportation.