Socioeconomics Technical 

Memorandum

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail 

Corridor Service Program

May 2021
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Contents

1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Study Approach......................................................................................................................1-1

2 Program Location and Description ..............................................................................................2-1

2.1 Program Location...................................................................................................................2-1

2.2 Program Description...............................................................................................................2-1

2.2.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)......................................................2-1

2.2.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ..............................................................2-2

2.2.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).......................2-2

2.3 Construction ...........................................................................................................................2-3

2.3.1 Western Section........................................................................................................2-3

2.3.2 Eastern Section.........................................................................................................2-3

2.4 Operation................................................................................................................................2-3

3 Regulatory Framework ..................................................................................................................3-1

3.1 Federal ...................................................................................................................................3-1

3.1.1 Civil Rights Act of 1964 .............................................................................................3-1

3.1.2 Federal Railroad Administration................................................................................3-1

3.1.3 National Environmental Policy Act ............................................................................3-1

3.1.4 Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 

1970 ..........................................................................................................................3-1

3.2 State .......................................................................................................................................3-2

3.2.1 California Relocation Assistance Act ........................................................................3-2

4 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Approach ................................................................................................................................4-1

4.2 Data Sources..........................................................................................................................4-2

4.3 Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area ...........................................................4-3

5 Existing Conditions........................................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Historical and Projected Population .......................................................................................5-1

5.1.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)......................................................5-1

5.1.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ..............................................................5-1

5.1.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).......................5-2

5.2 Employment ...........................................................................................................................5-2
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5.2 Employment ...........................................................................................................................5-2

5.2.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)......................................................5-2

5.2.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ..............................................................5-3

5.2.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).......................5-3

5.3 Community Facilities ..............................................................................................................5-4

5.3.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)......................................................5-4

5.4 Race and Ethnicity ...............................................................................................................5-11

5.4.1 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ............................................................5-12

5.4.2 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).....................5-12

5.5 Household Income ...............................................................................................................5-12

5.5.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)....................................................5-12

5.5.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ............................................................5-13

5.5.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).....................5-13

5.6 Poverty .................................................................................................................................5-13

5.6.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)....................................................5-13

5.6.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ............................................................5-14

5.6.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).....................5-14

5.7 Limited English Proficiency ..................................................................................................5-14

5.7.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)....................................................5-14

5.7.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ............................................................5-15

5.7.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).....................5-15

6 Environmental Consequences......................................................................................................6-1

6.1 No Build Alternative................................................................................................................6-1

6.2 Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3......................................................................................6-1

6.2.1 Land Acquisition, Displacements, and Relocations ..................................................6-1

6.2.2 Economic Effects.......................................................................................................6-3

6.2.3 Disruption to Community Cohesion...........................................................................6-6

6.2.4 Improvements to Regional Mobility and Connectivity ...............................................6-9

7 Tier 2 Environmental Review Considerations.............................................................................7-1

8 References ......................................................................................................................................8-1
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Tables

Table 4-1. Data Sources for the Evaluation of Socioeconomics................................................................4-2

Table 5-1 Community Facilities..................................................................................................................5-4

Appendices

Appendix A. Socioeconomics Conditions Tables

Appendix B. Socioeconomics Conditions Maps
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Abbreviations/Acronyms

ACS American Community Survey

CEQA California Environmental Quality Act

EIR environmental impact report

EIS environmental impact statement

FRA Federal Railroad Administration

LAUS Los Angeles Union Station

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

Program Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Corridor Service Program

Program Corridor Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor

RCTC Riverside County Transportation Commission

ROW right-of-way

SDP Service Development Plan

U.S. United States

Uniform Act Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970
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1 Introduction 

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), California Department of Transportation Division of Rail 

and Mass Transportation, and Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC) are proposing 

the Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program (Program) to establish daily 

intercity passenger rail service between Los Angeles Union Station (LAUS) in Los Angeles County, 

California and the City of Coachella in Riverside County, California. This socioeconomics technical 

memorandum evaluates social and economic environmental considerations (population, 

employment, and income) along the 144-mile Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor 

(Program Corridor) in support of a programmatic Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement 

(EIS)/Environmental Impact Report (EIR). The evaluation of potential social and environmental 

effects resulting from the Program includes:

• Local government services and revenue

• Community cohesion

• Economic benefits resulting from job creation, construction, and operation expenditures

• Induced growth (particularly in the vicinity of representative station area locations)

1.1 Study Approach

This evaluation was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act 

(NEPA) and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and will be incorporated into the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation.

FRA, California Department of Transportation, and RCTC are using a tiered NEPA/CEQA process 

(e.g., Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) to complete the environmental review of the Program, under 40 Code 

of Federal Regulations 1508.28 (titled “Tiering”), CEQA Guidelines Section 15168 (titled “Program 

EIR”), and Section 15170 (titled “Joint EIS/EIR”). “Tiering” is a staged environmental review process 

often applied to environmental review for complex transportation projects.
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The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR, along with the concurrent preparation of the Service Development Plan 

(SDP), are the first steps in the tiered environmental review process. Based on the decisions made 

in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR and SDP, future site-specific proposals of infrastructure improvements 

will be evaluated through one or more Tier 2/Project-level environmental clearance processes. A 

description of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR, SDP, and Tier 2/Project-level analysis processes are 

further discussed below:

• Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR: The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR evaluates potential environmental 

impacts of the No Build Alternative and three Build Alternative Options broadly within the 

Program Corridor. The Program Corridor provides a flexible regional context for the best 

location of an enhanced passenger rail system while providing opportunities for the Build 

Alternative Options to account for engineering and environmental constraints. The Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation addresses broad questions and likely environmental effects 

within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area for specific environmental resources. The 

resource-specific study areas generally represent the potential area where rail infrastructure 

improvements and station facilities could be implemented and constructed but does not 

represent the precise location or footprint of the improvement or facility.

• SDP: The SDP defines the Program’s service mode, estimated ridership to include demand 

and revenue forecasts, operational strategy, station and access analysis, operating and 

maintenance costs, required infrastructure improvements and capital programming, and 

public benefits analysis necessary to implement the proposed intercity passenger rail 

service. As part of the SDP process, the site-specific infrastructure improvement 

requirements are being identified, including the number of stations and the general 

areas/communities in which stations might be located. The SDP infrastructure analysis is 

being informed by rail operations simulation modeling and would occur parallel to the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation process. 

• Tier 2 Project-Level Analysis: Based on the environmental evaluation conducted in the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR and the site-specific infrastructure improvements identified in the SDP, a 

Tier 2/Project-level analysis would be required. The Tier 2/Project-level analysis would be a 

separate environmental review potentially led and funded by an agency other than FRA. In 

addition, the Tier 2/Project-level analysis process would not automatically follow the Tier 1 

process, rather the potential Tier 2 projects would need to be defined based on the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR’s broad scope and funding. The Tier 2/Project-level analysis would 

closely align with the future preliminary engineering process and would analyze site-specific 

direct and indirect Project-level effects, in addition to any required permits, consultations, or 

approvals needed for construction.
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2 Program Location and Description

2.1 Program Location

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR analyzes the No Build Alternative and three Build Alternative Options in 

two geographic sections—a Western Section and an Eastern Section—occurring within existing 

railroad rights-of-way (ROW). The Program Corridor runs west-to-east, extending up to 144 linear 

miles from a western terminus at LAUS to an eastern terminus in either the City of Indio or City of 

Coachella (depending on the Build Alternative Option). 

From west to east, the cities traversed by the Build Alternative Options include Los Angeles, Vernon, 

Bell, Commerce, Montebello, Pico Rivera, Santa Fe Springs, Norwalk, La Mirada, Buena Park, 

Fullerton, Anaheim, Placentia, Yorba Linda, Chino Hills, Corona, Riverside, Grand Terrace, Colton, 

San Bernardino, Loma Linda, Redlands, Calimesa, Beaumont, Banning, Cabazon, Palm Springs, 

Cathedral City, Thousand Palms, Rancho Mirage, Palm Desert, Indio (under all Build Alternative 

Options), and/or Coachella (under Build Alternative Option 1 only). The boundary between Western 

and Eastern Sections is in the City of Colton, at the intersection of existing railroad lines owned by 

Union Pacific Railroad and BNSF. 

2.2 Program Description

2.2.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

Build Alternative Option 1 includes a total Program Corridor distance of 144 miles and consists of a 

Western Section, terminating at LAUS, and an Eastern Section, terminating in the City of Coachella. 

Western Section. Under Build Alternative Option 1, existing rail infrastructure would be used in the 

Western Section of the Program Corridor, and no additional railroad infrastructure improvements 

would be required. LAUS would serve as the western terminus, while existing stations in the Cities of 

Fullerton and Riverside would be utilized to support the proposed passenger rail service. No new 

stations or improvements to existing stations would be required to accommodate the proposed 

service within the Western Section of the Program Corridor.

Eastern Section. Under Build Alternative Option 1, potential new infrastructure improvements on the 

Eastern Section of the Program Corridor could include sidings, additional main line track, wayside 

signals, drainage, grade separation structures, and up to five new stations constructed in the 

following areas: 1) Loma Linda/Redlands Area (serving the Cities of Loma Linda and Redlands), 
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2) the Pass Area (serving the communities of Beaumont, Banning, and Cabazon), 3) the Mid Valley 

(serving the communities of Cathedral City, Thousand Palms, the Agua Caliente Casino area, 

Rancho Mirage, and Palm Desert), 4) the City of Indio, and 5) the City of Coachella as the eastern 

terminus of the Program Corridor.

2.2.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Build Alternative Option 2 includes a total Program Corridor distance of 140.25 miles and consists of 

a Western Section, terminating at LAUS, and an Eastern Section, terminating at the City of Indio.

Western Section. The Western Section under Build Alternative Option 2 would be the same as that 

described above under Build Alternative Option 1.

Eastern Section. Under Build Alternative Option 2, potential new infrastructure improvements on the 

Eastern Section of the Program Corridor could include sidings, additional main line track, wayside 

signals, drainage, grade separation structures, and up to four new potential stations could be 

constructed in the following areas: 1) Loma Linda/Redlands Area (serving the Cities of Loma Linda 

and Redlands), 2) the Pass Area (serving the communities of Beaumont, Banning, and Cabazon), 

3) the Mid Valley (serving the communities of Cathedral City, Thousand Palms, the Agua Caliente 

Casino area, Rancho Mirage, and Palm Desert), and 4) the City of Indio as the eastern terminus of 

the Program Corridor.

2.2.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

Build Alternative Option 3 includes a total Program Corridor distance of 140.25 miles and consists of 

a Western Section, terminating at LAUS, and an Eastern Section, terminating at the City of Indio.

Western Section. The Western Section under Build Alternative Option 3 would be the same as that 

described above under Build Alternative Options 1 and 2.

Eastern Section. The Eastern Section under Build Alternative Option 3 would be the same as that 

described above under Build Alternative Option 2, except for the following changes:

As part of Build Alternative Option 3, additional infrastructure improvements for the Eastern Section 

of the Program Corridor have been considered. These potential infrastructure improvements include 

the addition of station tracks and a third main line track. The addition of station tracks would be the 

same as described under Build Alternative Options 1 and 2; however, the addition of the third main 

track would be limited under Build Alternative Option 3 when compared with Build Alternative 

Options 1 and 2. The limited third track under Build Alternative Option 3 would augment the existing 
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two main tracks along the Eastern Section of the Program Corridor to the proposed Mid Valley 

Station Area.

2.3 Construction

2.3.1 Western Section

In the Western Section, existing rail infrastructure would be used to accommodate the proposed 

service, and no additional track improvements would be required to accommodate the proposed 

service under all Build Alternative Options. LAUS would serve as the western terminus, and existing 

stations in the Cities of Fullerton and Riverside would be used. No new stations or additions to 

existing stations would be required to accommodate the proposed service under all Build Alternative 

Options. 

2.3.2 Eastern Section

In the Eastern Section, proposed new infrastructure improvements under all Build Alternative 

Options could include sidings, additional main line track, wayside signals, drainage, 

grade-separation structures, and stations to accommodate the proposed service. The Eastern 

Section would use the existing station in the City of Palm Springs, which is the only existing station 

in the Eastern Section. Additionally, up to five new potential stations could be constructed in the 

following areas: 1) Loma Linda/Redlands Area (serving the Cities of Loma Linda and Redlands), 2) 

the Pass Area (serving the communities of Beaumont, Banning, and Cabazon), 3) the Mid-Valley 

(serving the communities of Cathedral City, Thousand Palms, the Agua Caliente Casino area, 

Rancho Mirage, and Palm Desert), 4) the City of Indio (under all Build Alternative Options), and/or 5) 

the City of Coachella (under Build Alternative Option 1 only).

2.4 Operation

Passenger train frequencies proposed as part of the Program would consist of the addition of two 

daily round-trip intercity diesel-powered passenger trains operating the entire length of the Program 

Corridor between Los Angeles and Indio and/or Coachella, with one morning departure and one 

afternoon departure from each end of the Program Corridor.
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3 Regulatory Framework

3.1 Federal

3.1.1 Civil Rights Act of 1964

All relocation services and benefits would be administered without regard to race, color, national 

origin, or sex in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act (Title 42 United States [U.S.] Code

Section 2000d, et seq.). Benefits for eligible owners and tenants are determined on an individual 

basis and explained in detail by an assigned ROW specialist.

3.1.2 Federal Railroad Administration

According to the FRA’s Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts (64 Federal Register

28545, May 26, 1999) Section 10(b)(16) and Section 14(n)(16) (FRA 1999), an “EIS should assess 

the impacts on both passenger and freight transportation, by all modes, from local, regional, 

national, and international perspectives. The EIS should include a discussion of both construction 

period and long-term impacts on vehicular traffic congestion.”

3.1.3 National Environmental Policy Act

NEPA requires the federal government use all practicable means to ensure safe, healthful, 

productive, and aesthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings for all Americans (42 U.S. Code 

4331(b)(2)). This requires taking into account adverse environmental impacts, such as destruction or 

disruption of human-made resources, community cohesion, and the availability of public facilities and 

services.

3.1.4 Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition 

Policies Act of 1970

The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (Uniform Act)

provides uniform and equitable treatment of persons displaced from their homes, businesses, 

non-profit associations, or farms by federal and federally assisted programs and establishes uniform 

and equitable land acquisition policies.
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The Uniform Act requires the owning agency to notify affected owners of the agency’s intent to 

acquire an interest in their property, including a written offer letter of just compensation that 

specifically describes those property interests and assigns a ROW specialist to each property owner 

to assist them with this process. The Uniform Act also provides financial and advisory benefits to 

displaced individuals to help them relocate their residence or business. Benefits are available to 

owners and tenants of residential and business properties.

In compliance with the Uniform Act, property owners and tenants would receive relocation 

assistance and would be compensated. If required, housing of last resort would be used, which may 

involve payments for replacement housing costs that exceed the maximum amounts allowed under 

the Uniform Act or other methods of providing comparable decent, safe, and sanitary housing within 

the financial means of the displaced persons.

3.2 State

3.2.1 California Relocation Assistance Act

The California Relocation Assistance Act includes requirements for just compensation for real 

property. Owners of private property have federal and state constitutional guarantees that their 

property would not be taken for public use or damaged unless they first receive just compensation. 

Just compensation is measured by the fair market value of the acquired property. According to the 

Code of Civil Procedure Section 1263.320a, “fair market value is considered to be the highest price 

on the date of valuation that would be agreed to by a seller, being willing to sell, but under no 

particular or urgent necessity for so doing, nor obliged to sell; and a buyer, being ready, willing and 

able to buy but under no particular necessity for so doing, each dealing with the other with the full 

knowledge of all the uses and purposes for which the property is reasonably adaptable and 

available.”
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4 Methodology

This methodology identifies the approach, assumptions, and data sources for describing existing 

conditions for socioeconomics and analyzing environmental consequences of implementing the 

Build Alternative Options. Effects on socioeconomic conditions and communities are evaluated 

qualitatively, consistent with a Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation.

4.1 Approach

Socioeconomic indicators include historic population growth, population projections, employment, 

community facilities, race and ethnicity, household income, median household income and income 

below poverty, and limited English proficiency.

• Population demographic data is presented quantitatively for census block groups located 

partially, or fully, within 0.5 mile on either side of the Program Corridor and is also reported 

for cities and counties in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area.

• The Program Corridor traverses 288 census block groups within these counties and cities, 

including unincorporated areas of Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, and Riverside 

counties. Because of the number of census block groups that occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area, demographic data presented at the census 

block group level is portrayed on maps, rather than in tables. Data for counties and cities is 

presented in the data tables included in Appendix A.

The evaluation of environmental consequences on socioeconomics includes a qualitative 

assessment of residential, commercial, and other property effects resulting from acquisition; fiscal 

implications resulting from residential or business migration out of the community or reductions in 

local government revenues; potential effects on community cohesion; and changes to regional 

mobility and connectivity. The evaluation of environmental consequences on socioeconomics is 

organized as follows:

• Potential effects from acquisitions, easements, and displacements (public or private) were

evaluated in compliance with the Uniform Act and broadly analyzed on a county-by-county 

basis. This evaluation did not identify specific properties that would be affected by land 

acquisition, displacement, or relocation, as construction data is not yet known.
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• Regional economic effects that may occur as a result of construction and operation of the 

Build Alternative Options are evaluated at the scale of the four-county region (Los Angeles, 

Orange, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties). Effects on local government services and 

revenue are analyzed at the scale of cities and counties.

Localized socioeconomic effects, regardless of scale, cannot be quantified until specific Tier 

2/Project design details (i.e., construction Project footprint, road crossings, and station locations), 

construction expenditures, and the details of planned rail operations are known. Therefore, existing 

socioeconomic conditions within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area are 

described quantitatively, while potential effects of the Build Alternative Options can only be 

described qualitatively in this evaluation. Tier 2/Project-level analysis would address site-specific 

potential effects resulting from construction and operation of new stations, maintenance facilities, 

and other infrastructure.

4.2 Data Sources

Social and economic characteristics were gathered from the U.S. Census Bureau, including the 

1970 to 2010 decennial U.S. Census and the 2012 to 2016 American Community Survey (ACS) 

5-year estimates. 

Population projections were obtained from the California Department of Finance, Demographic 

Research Unit. Population, household income, and employment characteristics were gathered to 

describe the population demographics of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area. 

The description of the socioeconomic environment also includes identification of minority, 

low-income, and limited English proficiency households. The source and scale of economic and 

demographic data used in this socioeconomic evaluation is summarized in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1. Data Sources for the Evaluation of Socioeconomics

Data Description Data Source Data Scale

Historic population growth Decennial Census for 1970, 1980, 

1990, 2000, 2010

State and counties

Population projections California Department of Finance, 

Demographic Research Unit, Estimated 

and Projected Population for California 

and Counties, 2010 to 2060, 1-year 

increments (released January 2018) 

(California Department of Finance 

2018)

State and counties
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Data Description Data Source Data Scale

Employment ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates State, counties, and cities 

Household income ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates State, counties, and cities 

Race and ethnicity ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates State, counties, cities, and census 

block groups

Median household income and 

income below poverty

ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates State, counties, cities, and census 

block groups

Limited English proficiency ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates State, counties, cities, and census 

block groups

Notes:

ACS=American Community Survey

4.3 Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area for this Socioeconomics Technical 

Memorandum is defined as 0.5 mile centered on the Build Alternative Options’ route alternatives

(0.25 mile on either side of the railroad centerline). The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR is divided into 

Western and Eastern Sections.
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5 Existing Conditions

5.1 Historical and Projected Population

5.1.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

Between 1970 and 2010, the four-county region of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San 

Bernardino counties (which corresponds to the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area) 

grew by more than 7.4 million people. In 2010, the region was home to approximately 46.0 percent 

of the population in California. Los Angeles County has the largest population in the four-county 

region, followed by Orange County. Historical growth patterns between 1970 and 2010 show that 

Riverside and San Bernardino counties grew at a faster rate than Los Angeles and Orange counties.

Riverside County and San Bernardino County grew at an average annual rate of 4.0 percent and 

2.8 percent, respectively, while Los Angeles County and Orange County grew annually by 

0.8 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively (Table A-1 in Appendix A).

Population projections prepared by the California Department of Finance forecast that the population 

within the four-county region will continue to grow between 2018 and 2050; however, the annual 

growth rate is anticipated to slow to 0.5 percent annually for the four-county region as a whole with 

higher annual growth rates forecast for San Bernardino County (1 percent) and Riverside 

County (1.1 percent) compared with Los Angeles County (0.3 percent) and Orange County 

(0.4 percent), consistent with historical trends (Table A-2 in Appendix A).

The four-county region is projected to grow approximately 17.0 percent overall between 2018 and 

2050, for a total population of approximately 21.3 million people in 2050. By then, the four-county 

region will account for approximately 43.0 percent of the state population. These growth forecasts

suggest that the Program Corridor between Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties will support a 

substantial portion of the state’s population in 2050.

5.1.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Existing and projected population data and trends within Build Alternative Option 2 are the same as 

Build Alternative Option 1.
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5.1.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

Existing and projected population data and trends within Build Alternative Option 3 are the same as 

Build Alternative Option 1.

5.2 Employment

5.2.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus) 

According to ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates, in the four-county region, education, health care, 

and social services account for the largest employment sector, followed by professional, scientific, 

management, administrative, and waste management services, and then retail.

Most of the economies outside the larger urban centers also follow the regional trends. The

education, health care, and social services sector is the leading employment division in almost all 

the counties and cities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area. The smallest 

employment sectors in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area include agriculture, 

forestry, fishing and hunting and mining; information; wholesale trade; and public administration.

Relative to other communities along the Program Corridor, the cities of Vernon and Indio are two

exceptions from the general trends, as detailed below:

• The City of Vernon is an industrial city of 5.2 square miles located several miles southeast of 

downtown Los Angeles. The City of Vernon is home to more than 1,800 businesses that 

employ approximately 55,000 people (City of Vernon 2018). However, most employees are

non-resident, as evidenced by the fact that the employed civilian labor force in Vernon was 

estimated at only 57 individuals in the ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates. Approximately 

47.0 percent of those individuals are employed in finance, insurance, real estate, and rental 

and leasing.

• The City of Indio has been one of Southern California's most important agricultural regions,

with a history of date cultivation, and currently produces 41.4 million pounds of dates 

annually (City of Indio 2018). Historically, many residents were employed by the agricultural 

industry; however, development related to residential uses, recreation, tourism, and 

hospitality has begun to displace agriculture in the region today. Per the ACS 2012 to 2016 

5-year estimates, the primary employment sector in Indio is arts, entertainment, recreation, 

and accommodation and food services, accounting for 19.9 percent of civilian employment.
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Agriculture remains an important employment sector in Coachella, with 11.3 percent of 

civilian employment attributed to agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and mining.

• In the City of Coachella, agriculture remains an important employment sector, with 

11.3 percent of civilian employment attributed to agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and 

mining.

Healthcare employers in Los Angeles County and Orange County include multiple healthcare 

systems (e.g., Kaiser Permanente and Los Angeles Health System), numerous regional and local 

hospitals, and medical facilities. Employers in the educational sector include the University of 

California, California State University, as well as local school districts. Major employers in 

entertainment services (Walt Disney Company), and transportation services (e.g., Los Angeles 

County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Southern California Regional Rail Authority, and 

Orange County Transportation Authority).

Major employers in San Bernardino County and Riverside County of the Eastern Section include 

transportation services (e.g., Southern California Regional Rail Authority, Omnitrans Public Transit 

Agency, Riverside Transit Agency, Ontario International Airport, and Palm Springs International 

Airport), warehousing and logistics services (e.g., Amazon, Ross, ALDI, Harbor Freight, and Lowes), 

and entertainment services (Morongo Casino, Resort and Spa; Spotlight 29 Casino; and Fantasy 

Springs Resort Casino). 

ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates report an unemployment rate of 8.7 percent in California and an 

average of 9.0 percent in the four-county Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area

(Table A-3 in Appendix A). The percent of the civilian labor force that is unemployed is higher than 

the four-county average of 9.0 percent in 12 of the 27 cities in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR 

Socioeconomics Study Area. Coachella, San Bernardino, and Banning have the highest 

unemployment rates at 17.2, 14.1, and 14.0 percent, respectively.

5.2.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Existing and projected employment data and trends within Build Alternative Option 2 are the same 

as Build Alternative Option 1.

5.2.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

Existing and projected employment data and trends within Build Alternative Option 3 are the same 

as Build Alternative Option 1.
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5.3 Community Facilities

5.3.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

Community facilities include city halls, community centers, schools, libraries, places of worship, 

healthcare facilities, police and fire stations, and veteran services (Table 5-1). Community facilities 

occur throughout the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area, as depicted on Figure 

B-1, Community Facilities in Appendix B. See Section 3.13, Parklands and Community Services of 

the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR, for an evaluation of parks in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR 

Socioeconomics Study Area. 

Table 5-1 Community Facilities

Type of Facility Name of Facility City

Western Section

Community Center Fullerton Community Center Fullerton

Community Center Ysmael Villegas Community Center Riverside

Fire Station Los Angeles County Fire Department Station 25 Pico Rivera

Fire Station Santa Fe Springs Fire Dept. Station #1 Santa Fe Springs

Fire Station Orange County Fire Authority Station #35 Placentia

Fire Station Orange County Fire Authority Station #53 Yorba Linda 

Fire Station Corona City Fire Station # 2 Corona

Fire Station Riverside City Fire Station # 1 Riverside

Fire Station Riverside City Fire Station # 12 Riverside

Fire Station Riverside City Fire Station # 3 Riverside

Healthcare Facilities Department of State Hospitals - Metropolitan Norwalk

Healthcare Facilities Corona Summit Surgical Center Corona

Healthcare Facilities Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center Riverside

Healthcare Facilities Riverside Medical Clinic Surgery Center Riverside
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Type of Facility Name of Facility City

Law Enforcement Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department Twin 

Towers Correctional Facility

Los Angeles

Law Enforcement Los Angeles County Sherriff Transportation 

Bureau

Los Angeles

Law Enforcement Fullerton Police Department Fullerton

Law Enforcement Placentia Police Department Placentia

Law Enforcement Corona Police Department Corona

Library Rivera Library Pico Rivera

Library Fullerton Public Library Fullerton

Library Hunt Branch Fullerton

Library Placentia Library District Placentia

Place of Worship Nishi Hongwanji Buddhist Temple Los Angeles

Place of Worship Church of Scientology International Commerce

Place of Worship Rivera First Baptist Church Pico Rivera

Place of Worship St Bartholomew's Episcopal Church Pico Rivera

Place of Worship St Mariana De Paredes Catholic Church Pico Rivera

Place of Worship One Life Presbyterian Church Buena Park

Place of Worship Epic Church Fullerton

Place of Worship First Lutheran Church-Fullerton Fullerton

Place of Worship Fullerton First United Methodist Church Fullerton

Place of Worship GMI Living Stones Fullerton

Place of Worship Grace Ministries International Fullerton

Place of Worship Grace Ministries International - Korean Church Fullerton

Place of Worship Ina Mega Church Fullerton
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Type of Facility Name of Facility City

Place of Worship Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses Fullerton

Place of Worship Praise Chapel of Buena Park Fullerton

Place of Worship Saint Mary Church Fullerton

Place of Worship The Fullerton Church Fullerton

Place of Worship United Pentecostal Church - Pentecostal Church Fullerton

Place of Worship Wilshire Avenue Community Church Fullerton

Place of Worship Calvary Chapel East Anaheim Anaheim

Place of Worship Church of the Nazarene Placentia

Place of Worship Orange Central Korean Seventh Day Adventists Placentia

Place of Worship Calvary Chapel The Way Yorba Linda

Place of Worship Canyon Hills Friends Church Yorba Linda

Place of Worship Community Christian Church Yorba Linda

Place of Worship Grace Lutheran Church Yorba Linda

Place of Worship Grace Presbyterian Church Yorba Linda

Place of Worship Santa Clara de Asis Catholic Church Yorba Linda

Place of Worship Corona Spanish Seventh-Day Corona

Place of Worship Corpus Christi Catholic Church Corona

Place of Worship Living Water Church Corona

Place of Worship New Life Community Church Corona

Place of Worship Orthodox Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary Corona

Place of Worship The Rock Corona Corona

Place of Worship Antioch Missionary Baptist Church Riverside

Place of Worship Fellowship Baptist Church Riverside
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Type of Facility Name of Facility City

Place of Worship Grace Bible Church Riverside

Place of Worship Highgrove United Methodist Church Riverside

Place of Worship Mark A Thomas Ministries Riverside

Place of Worship Our Lady of Guadalupe Shrine Riverside

Place of Worship Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church Riverside

Place of Worship Saint Anthony Catholic Church Riverside

Place of Worship Second Baptist Church Riverside

Place of Worship SGI-USA Riverside Buddhist Center Riverside

Place of Worship St Francis De Sales Catholic Church Riverside

Place of Worship The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Riverside

Place of Worship The Universal Church Riverside

Place of Worship Foursquare Church of Colton Colton

Place of Worship Iglesia Bautista Hispana Rayos de Luz Colton

Place of Worship San Salvador Church Colton

Place of Worship The Door Church Colton Colton

School - College Grace Mission University Fullerton

School - College Brightwood College Riverside Riverside

School - Private Saint Marianne de Paredes School Pico Rivera

School - Private Eastside Christian Fullerton

School - Private Saint Mary's School Fullerton

School - Private IvyCrest Montessori Private School Yorba Linda

School - Private St Francis of Assisi Catholic School Yorba Linda

School - Private Montessori Academy Riverside
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Type of Facility Name of Facility City

School - Private Riverside Montessori Academy Riverside

School - Private St Francis de Sales Preschool Riverside

School - Private Woodcrest Christian Day School Riverside

School - Public Ann Street Elementary Los Angeles

School - Public Endeavor College Preparatory Charter School Los Angeles

School - Public Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez High Los Angeles

School - Public Montessori of Yorba Linda Pico Rivera

School - Public Los Nietos Middle School Whittier

School - Public Pioneer High School Whittier

School - Public Hargitt Middle School Norwalk

School - Public John H Glenn High School Norwalk

School - Public Southeast Academy High School Norwalk

School - Public Anthony School La Mirada

School - Public Rancho School La Mirada

School - Public Commonwealth Elementary School Fullerton

School - Public Maple Elementary School Fullerton

School - Public Pacific Drive Elementary School Fullerton

School - Public Esperanza High School Anaheim

School - Public Glenview Elementary Anaheim

School - Public Woodsboro Elementary Anaheim

School - Public El Camino Real Continuation High School Placentia

School - Public Alvord Continuation High School Riverside

School - Public Arlington High School Riverside
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Type of Facility Name of Facility City

School - Public Casa Blanca School Riverside

School - Public Villegas Middle School Riverside

School - Public Garfield School Colton

School - Public San Salvador Preschool Colton

School - Public Woodrow Wilson Elementary School Colton

Eastern Section

City Hall Banning City Hall Banning

City Hall Indio City Hall Indio

City Hall Coachella City Hall Coachella

Fire Station Beaumont Fire Department Beaumont

Fire Station Beaumont Fire Station Beaumont

Fire Station Banning City Fire Station 89 Banning

Healthcare Facilities Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Hospital Loma Linda 

Healthcare Facilities San Gorgonio Pass Memorial Hospital Banning

Law Enforcement California Highway Patrol Beaumont

Law Enforcement Banning Police Department Banning

Law Enforcement Cabazon Station Cabazon

Law Enforcement Riverside County Sheriff-Patrol Cabazon

Law Enforcement California Highway Patrol Indio

Library Indio Library Indio

Library Coachella Branch Library Coachella

Place of Worship The Rock Church and World Outreach Center San Bernardino

Place of Worship Loma Linda Romanian Church Loma Linda
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Type of Facility Name of Facility City

Place of Worship Loma Linda Seventh-Day Adventists Chinese 

Church

Loma Linda

Place of Worship Campus Hill Church of Seventh-Day Adventists Loma Linda

Place of Worship St John Christian Community Church Beaumont

Place of Worship Canaan Church Banning Banning

Place of Worship Faith Builders Family Church Banning

Place of Worship United Methodist Church Banning

Place of Worship Cabazon Community Church Cabazon

Place of Worship Cabazon Foursquare Church Cabazon

Place of Worship Cornerstone Covenant Church Palm Desert

Place of Worship Rock Church Palm Desert

Place of Worship Quiet Times Ministries Bermuda Dunes

Place of Worship New Seasons Church Indio

Place of Worship Islamic Society of Coachella Coachella

School - College Loma Linda University Loma Linda

School - Private The Rock Christian School San Bernardino

School - Private Desert Christian Academy Bermuda Dunes

School - Public Highland Academy Charter School Beaumont

School - Public Herbert Hoover Elementary School Indio

School - Public Cesar Chavez Elementary Coachella

School - Public Coachella Valley Adult School Coachella

Veterans Services Veterans Services - Banning (DPSS Office) Banning

Veterans Services Riverside County Veteran's Services Indio
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5.4 Race and Ethnicity

The U.S. Census Bureau reports race and ethnicity as two separate categories. An individual can 

identify their race as White, Black or African American, Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander, Some Other Race, or Two or More Races. Ethnicity is defined as whether a person is of 

Hispanic origin or not. Ethnicity, therefore, is broken out in two categories: Hispanic or Latino and 

Not Hispanic or Latino. Individuals identifying as Hispanic may be of any race.

According to the 2012 to 2016 ACS 5-year estimates, California was home to approximately 

38.7 million people. Of the total population, approximately 14.9 million people (or 38.6 percent) are 

of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. The remaining 23.8 million are of non-Hispanic or Latino origin. Of the

state’s non-Hispanic or Latino population, the greatest number of people identified their race as

White, followed by Asian, and Black or African American. Those identifying as American Indian and 

Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander make up the smallest racial categories

in the state, totaling less than 1 percent each of the entire population (Table A-4 in Appendix A).

The racial composition trends in the four-county Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study 

Area (Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties) follow those of the state. The 

greatest proportion of individuals identify their race as White, followed by Asian, and Black or African 

American. However, a greater percent of the population identify as Hispanic or Latino in the 

four-county region (46.1 percent) compared with the state (38.6 percent). San Bernardino County 

has the largest Hispanic or Latino population, accounting for 51.7 percent of the county’s total 

population. Orange County has the smallest Hispanic or Latino population, estimated at 34.2 percent

of its population.

Several communities in the four-county Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area have a 

larger share of minority populations when compared with the region. Commerce, Bell, and Pico 

Rivera are all predominantly Hispanic, with greater than 90 percent of their population descending 

from Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. The City of Banning in Riverside County has the highest proportion 

of American Indian and Alaska Native individuals, totaling almost 2.4 percent of its population. The 

Morongo Indian Reservation, consisting mainly of the Cahuilla and Serrano tribal groups, is located 

northeast of the City of Banning. Refer to Table A-4 in Appendix A for additional information on race 

and ethnicity in the counties and cities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR and Figures B-2 and B-3 in 

Appendix B for the location of minority populations in and around the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR

Socioeconomics Study Area.
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5.4.1 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Existing community facility information and data within Build Alternative Option 2 are the same as 

Build Alternative Option 1.

5.4.2 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

Existing community facility information and data within Build Alternative Option 3 are the same as 

Build Alternative Option 1.

5.5 Household Income

5.5.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

Income is defined as income received on a regular basis (exclusive of certain money receipts such 

as capital gains) before payments for personal income taxes, social security, union dues, or 

Medicare deductions (U.S. Census Bureau 2018). Income does not reflect the fact that some 

individuals receive part of their income in the form of noncash benefits, such as food stamps or

health benefits, and it also does not reflect noncash benefits such as the use of business 

transportation. Median household income is the number that divides the income distribution into two 

equal halves; one half having income above that amount, and the other half having income below 

that amount.

ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates report the median household income for the State of California 

to be $63,783. In the four-county Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area, the median 

household income ranged from a high of $78,145 in Orange County, to a low of $54,469 in San 

Bernardino County (Table A-5 in Appendix A). Several communities had higher median household 

incomes compared with the four-county Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area, 

including Yorba Linda ($119,697), La Mirada ($81,956), and Placentia ($80,668). Communities in 

the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area with the lowest median household income 

include Vernon ($38,333), Bell ($38,823), San Bernardino ($38,456), and Coachella ($36,124).

Table A-5 in Appendix A provides a breakdown of households per income bracket and median 

household income for the counties and cities in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study 

Area. Figure B-4 in Appendix B shows median household incomes within census block groups in the 

Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area.
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5.5.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Existing household income information and data within Build Alternative Option 2 are the same as 

Build Alternative Option 1.

5.5.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

Existing household income information and data within Build Alternative Option 3 are the same as 

Build Alternative Option 1.

5.6 Poverty

The U.S. Census Bureau uses a set of income thresholds that vary by family size and makeup to 

determine the percent of families in poverty. If a family's total income is less than the poverty

threshold, then that family is considered in poverty. Poverty thresholds do not vary geographically 

but are updated for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. The official poverty definition uses 

pre-tax income (not including capital gains or non-cash benefits).

5.6.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

Statewide, 11.8 percent of families were estimated to have incomes below the poverty level, as 

reported in the ACS 2012 to 2016 5-year estimates. Within the four-county region, family poverty 

rates for three of the four counties were higher than the state average, including Los Angeles County 

(13.9 percent), Riverside County (12.8 percent), and San Bernardino County (15.4 percent). The 

family poverty rate in Orange County is lower than the state average at 8.7 percent (Table A-6 in 

Appendix A).

Communities in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area with the highest 

percentage of families in poverty include Vernon (46.7 percent), San Bernardino (28.1 percent), and 

Coachella (26.6 percent). Five of the six incorporated cities located in Riverside County in the 

Eastern Section have poverty rates exceeding 12.8 percent, which is the average poverty rate for 

Riverside County. Two of the five incorporated cities located in San Bernardino County in the 

Eastern Section have poverty rates that exceed 15.4 percent, which is the average poverty rate for 

Riverside County (California State Data Center 2016a). Refer to Table A-6 in Appendix A for 

additional information on poverty rates within the counties and cities in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR

Socioeconomics Study Area and Figure B-5 in Appendix B for additional information on families with 

incomes below poverty in, and around, the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area.
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5.6.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Existing poverty information and data within Build Alternative Option 2 are the same as Build 

Alternative Option 1.

5.6.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

Existing poverty information and data within Build Alternative Option 3 are the same as Build 

Alternative Option 1.

5.7 Limited English Proficiency

Limited English proficiency is characterized in terms of a U.S. Census respondent’s ability to speak 

English. U.S. Census respondents who reported speaking a language other than English are then 

asked to indicate their English-speaking ability based on one of the following categories: “Very well,” 

“Well,” “Not well,” or “Not at all.” Those who answered “Well,” “Not well,” or “Not at all” are reported 

as “Speaking English ‘Less than Very Well.’” 

5.7.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

In the four-county Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area, the percent of the 

population age 5 and over that speak English “Less than Very Well” is highest for Los Angeles 

County (24.9 percent), followed by Orange County (20.2 percent), San Bernardino County 

(15.7 percent), and Riverside County (15.0 percent). Cities in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR

Socioeconomics Study Area with the highest rates of limited English proficiency include Coachella 

(47.1 percent), Bell (41.0 percent), Buena Park (32.7 percent), and Commerce (31.5 percent) 

(California State Data Center 2016b). Refer to Table A-7 in Appendix A for additional information on 

rates of limited English proficiency within the counties and cities in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR

Socioeconomics Study Area, and Figure B-6 in Appendix B for additional information on populations 

with limited English proficiency in and around the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study 

Area.
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5.7.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Existing limited English proficiency information and data within Build Alternative Option 2 are the 

same as Build Alternative Option 1.

5.7.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

Existing limited English proficiency information and data within Build Alternative Option 3 are the 

same as Build Alternative Option 1.
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6 Environmental Consequences

6.1 No Build Alternative

Under the No Build Alternative, the proposed passenger rail service and associated infrastructure 

would not be implemented in the Program Corridor. The counties and cities in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR would continue to grow, which would increase regional transportation demand. 

Economic activity within the four-county Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area is 

dependent on adequate transportation infrastructure for localized and regional economic growth 

potential. Under the No Build Alternative, the economies of these communities would experience 

reduced transportation capacity, thereby affecting socioeconomic conditions. The No Build 

Alternative would also forego the short-term and long-term job creation that is anticipated to occur 

under the Build Alternative Options. However, potential community disruption resulting from 

implementation of new stations would be avoided. 

6.2 Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3

6.2.1 Land Acquisition, Displacements, and Relocations

Western Section

Construction and Operation

The majority of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area in the Western Section is 

densely developed with industrial or commercial businesses and residences located in close 

proximity to the existing railroad ROW. The Western Section utilizes existing rail infrastructure, and 

no additional track improvements would be required to accommodate the proposed service. No new 

stations or improvements to existing stations would be required to accommodate the proposed 

service. As such, property acquisitions as a result of proposed construction or operation are not 

anticipated under any of the Build Alternative Options.

Operation of the Build Alternative Options in the Western Section of the Program Corridor is not 

anticipated to cause long-term disruptions to residences and businesses located near the existing 

railroad ROW. In addition, operation of the Program in the Western Section of the Program Corridor 

would not require land acquisitions or result in displacements or relocations, as the existing railroad 

infrastructure and stations would be utilized. Therefore, substantial residential or business migration 
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out of the community or substantial reductions in revenue sources for local governments because of 

property tax or sales and use tax losses is not anticipated under any of the Build Alternative Options.

Eastern Section

Construction and Operation

The density of development is generally lower in the Eastern Section between Colton in San 

Bernardino County and Coachella in Riverside County. The Program Corridor traverses areas 

comprised of residential and commercial land uses, as well as large segments of undeveloped 

and/or agricultural uses. Infrastructure improvements and new stations planned for the Eastern 

Section to implement the proposed new service of two daily round-trip intercity passenger trains

would likely result in land acquisition; however, because the density of development is generally low 

in the Eastern Section, acquisitions could potentially avoid residential and business displacement.

If construction of new infrastructure or stations requires property outside of the existing railroad

ROW, residences, businesses, or community facilities could be displaced. Because the Program 

utilizes an existing rail corridor, land acquisition for improvements for sidings, additional main line 

track, wayside signals, drainage, and grade-separation structures is anticipated to occur primarily 

within the ROW or consist of sliver acquisitions adjacent to existing track. Land acquisitions for new 

passenger rail stations could be more extensive, depending on final siting of station locations. If 

construction of new rail infrastructure or stations requires property outside of the existing railroad 

ROW, residences, businesses, or community facilities could be displaced. Site-specific effects 

related to potential land acquisition, displacements, and relocations would be considered at the 

Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

The provisions of the Uniform Act would apply to all acquisitions of real property or displacements of 

persons resulting from the Program. Because the Uniform Act requires the owning agency to notify 

affected owners of the agency’s intent to acquire an interest in their property, this process would 

occur prior to construction with services of a ROW specialist assigned to each property owner to 

assist him or her through the acquisition process. The Uniform Act also provides benefits to 

displaced individuals to assist them financially and with advisory services related to relocating their 

residence or business operation. Benefits are available to both owner occupants and tenants of 

either residential or business properties. 

During operation, passenger train frequencies proposed as part of the Program would consist of the 

addition of two daily, round-trip intercity diesel-powered passenger trains operating between Los 

Angeles and Coachella. Socioeconomic and community effects are expected to be both positive and 

negative within the Eastern Section of the Program Corridor. In terms of negative socioeconomic 

and community effects, land acquisition for the Build Alternative Options could result in property tax 
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revenue losses for local jurisdictions if residential or business properties are removed from the 

property tax assessment roll. Community effects could include disruptions to local communities and 

may require displacements or relocations of residences and businesses. Site-specific effects related 

to potential land acquisitions, displacements, or relocations and property or sales and use tax losses 

would be identified and evaluated during the Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

6.2.2 Economic Effects

Job Creation

Western Section

CONSTRUCTION

The Western Section utilizes existing rail infrastructure, and no additional track improvements would 

be required to accommodate the proposed service. No new stations or construction to existing 

stations would be required to accommodate the proposed service. As such, effects related to job 

creation are not anticipated. When compared with the No Build Alternative, effects on job creation 

would be negligible within the Western Section under Build Alternatives Options 1, 2, and 3.

OPERATION

Long-term operation and maintenance of the additional two daily round-trip intercity passenger 

trains associated with the Program would result in the creation of direct jobs, as well as additional 

indirect and induced jobs. The majority of permanent jobs resulting from long-term operation and 

maintenance of the Build Alternative Options would be jobs related to train operations, dispatching, 

maintenance of equipment, and maintenance of infrastructure. In the long term, the Build Alternative 

Options are also expected to result in indirect job creation because of improvements to accessibility 

and land use changes in areas surrounding stations. For example, improvements in accessibility can 

result in long-term dynamic economic effects, such as enhanced labor market accessibility, 

increased business travel and transactions, direct transport cost savings, improved business and 

worker productivity, and support of tourism and other important service sectors requiring patron 

accessibility. Because infrastructure improvements are unknown as this time, quantitative effects 

related to potential long-term job creation would be considered at the Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

Long-term socioeconomic benefits associated with the Program would be realized within the 

counties and cities that the Program Corridor crosses. Enhanced passenger rail service within the 

Program Corridor would provide additional connections to major economic generators within the 

Program Corridor, including the Cities of Los Angeles, Fullerton, Riverside, and Palm Springs. The 
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improved access would likely result in increased economic activity within cities directly served by the 

passenger rail, particularly near stations. 

Improved access within the region and affected cities is anticipated to have social benefits including 

better access to jobs, community amenities, and facilities. Improving regional mobility and 

connections between economic and employment centers, education centers, other cultural and 

recreational activity centers, and to shops and services adjacent to station areas would enhance 

socioeconomic conditions throughout the region. 

Eastern Section

CONSTRUCTION

Construction of the Build Alternative Options would stimulate short-term employment and is 

projected to create additional direct, indirect, and induced jobs in the four affected counties. The 

largest job growth is expected to be temporary in the construction industry. The next most heavily 

affected industry would likely be the retail trade sector due in large part to spending on goods and 

services by the temporary construction workforce and permanent rail employees. Because 

infrastructure improvements are unknown as this time, quantitative effects related to potential 

short-term job creation would be considered at the Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

OPERATION

Changes to job creation within the Eastern Section, as a result of operations associated with the 

Program, would be similar to that described under the Western Section.

Property or Sales and Use Tax Losses

Western Section

CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

The majority of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area in the Western Section is 

densely developed with industrial or commercial businesses and residences located in close 

proximity to the existing railroad ROW. The Western Section utilizes existing rail infrastructure, and 

no additional track improvements would be required to accommodate the proposed service. No new 

stations or construction to existing stations would be required to accommodate the proposed service. 

As such, effects related to property or sales and use tax losses are not anticipated under any of the 

Build Alternative Options.
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Eastern Section

CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

The potential for land acquisition in the Eastern Section could result in property tax revenue losses 

for local jurisdictions if residential or business properties are removed from the property tax 

assessment roll. Property tax losses are calculated based on the assessed value of properties that 

would be full or partial fee acquisitions. The acquisition of temporary and permanent easements 

would not result in property tax losses because the landowner would retain fee interest in the land 

and would continue to pay property tax.

Land acquisitions could also result in sales and use tax revenue losses, if sales and use 

tax-generating businesses are displaced and relocated outside of their current tax district. Relocation 

of businesses in the same tax district could result in temporary sales and use tax revenue losses 

during the time when affected businesses are closed for relocation. Site-specific effects related to

potential property or sales and use tax losses would be considered at the Tier 2/Project-level 

analysis.

Sales Tax Gains

Western Section

CONSTRUCTION

The Western Section utilizes existing rail infrastructure, and no additional track improvements would 

be required to accommodate the proposed service. No new stations or construction to existing 

stations would be required to accommodate the proposed service. As such, effects related to sales 

tax gains are not anticipated under any of the Build Alternative Options.

OPERATION

A permanent increase in sales tax revenues is expected within the counties and cities where the 

Program would operate. Site-specific effects related to potential sales tax revenues would be 

considered at the Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

Eastern Section

CONSTRUCTION

A temporary increase in sales tax revenues would be expected within the counties and cities in the 

Eastern Section where construction could occur along the Program Corridor. This increase would 

result from the taxable sale of construction equipment and materials. Unless specifically exempted, 
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all transactions for tangible assets related to the Build Alternative Options would be subject to sales 

tax. Site-specific effects related to potential sales tax revenues would be considered at the Tier 

2/Project-level analysis.

OPERATION

A permanent increase in sales tax revenues is expected within the counties and cities where the 

Build Alternative Options would operate. Induced transit-oriented development around new station 

areas could generate economic activity and create new sources of sales tax revenue throughout 

operations. Site-specific effects related to potential sales tax revenues would be considered at the 

Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

6.2.3 Disruption to Community Cohesion

Community cohesion refers to the degree of interaction among the individuals, groups, and 

institutions that make up the community. Community cohesion takes into consideration access and 

connectivity, community facilities, and local businesses in the surrounding area that provide 

opportunities for residents to gather and interact. 

Construction and operation of the Build Alternative Options could result in changes to community 

cohesion, if the Build Alternative Options would result in:

• Physical division of an established neighborhood that could isolate one part of a community 

from another through the physical removal of homes or businesses or construction of 

physical barriers to social interaction, circulation, and access (the physical division of 

established communities and disruption to human-made resources is evaluated under a 

separate cover in the Land Use and Planning Technical Memorandum [RCTC and FRA 

2021a])

• Physical removal or disruption in access to community facilities or services 

• Physical deterioration of communities because of residential migration out of the community, 

extensive changes to the business environment of the community, or substantial reductions 

in revenue sources for local governments

• Changes to the overall quality of life in a community or community character because of

secondary effects related to, for example, traffic, noise and vibration, ambient air quality, 

induced population growth, or aesthetic changes
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Socioeconomics Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 6-7

Western Section

Construction

The Western Section utilizes existing rail infrastructure, and no additional track improvements would 

be required to accommodate the proposed service. No new stations or construction to existing 

stations would be required to accommodate the proposed service. As such, effects related to 

disruption of community cohesion are not anticipated under any of the Build Alternative Options.

Operation

Noise and vibration from operation of the Build Alternative Options in the Western Section (two daily 

round-trip intercity passenger trains) would not be expected to cause long-term disruptions to 

residences and businesses located in close proximity to the existing railroad ROW. Current (2018)

daily rail traffic volumes on the Western Section (as shown in Chapter 2 of the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR) vary by segment (RCTC and FRA 2021b). The highest density segment is between Los 

Angeles and Fullerton and has an average of 86 daily trains, while the lowest density segment is 

between Fullerton and Atwood and has an average of 43 daily trains. An additional two daily 

round-trip intercity passenger trains, even when compared with the lowest density segment, would 

represent a minor increase in train activity compared with current (2018) traffic volume along the 

existing railroad ROW. In 2024 and 2044, the Program would add the same number of rail 

operations to higher baseline conditions. Therefore, the Program’s effects in 2024 (as shown in 

Chapter 2 of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) and 2044 (as shown in Chapter 2 of the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR) would be lower than those evaluated under existing conditions for the lowest density 

segment. The increase in noise and vibration from four one-way passenger trains (one morning and 

one afternoon departure from each end of the Program Corridor) would be expected to be 

incremental compared with existing levels of noise and vibration (see Noise and Vibration Technical 

Memorandum [RCTC and FRA 2021c]for details on existing daily train operations). Additionally, 

implementation of the Build Alternative Options within the Western Section would not be anticipated 

to cause substantial disruption to nearby communities.

Eastern Section

Construction

Proposed construction on the Eastern Section (sidings, additional main line track, wayside signals, 

drainage, grade-separation structures, and stations) may temporarily affect communities along the 

Program Corridor. Implementation of the Build Alternative Options in the Eastern Section could 

temporarily alter access to neighborhoods and community facilities adjacent to the existing Program 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program 

Socioeconomics Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 6-8 

Corridor. Temporary relocation of public roads or road closures could also occur in isolated 

locations, causing some local residents, commercial vehicles, and/or emergency service providers to 

find alternate routes through the Program Corridor. Elevated levels of noise and air emissions from 

construction vehicles and equipment, traffic detours and vehicle delay, and visual disruption during 

construction of the Build Alternative Options within the Eastern Section could cause temporary 

disruptions to communities adjacent to the railroad ROW. Site-specific effects related to potential

disruption to community cohesion would be considered at the Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

Residences, businesses, and/or community facilities within the Eastern Section could be displaced 

as a result of construction of the Build Alternative Options. Unless similar properties can be obtained 

for relocation, such displacements could result in changes to community character and cohesion and 

potentially result in job losses. Economic effects are projected to be largely beneficial because of 

increased construction expenditures and employment, induced spending, and increased sales and 

use taxes for local governments. Site-specific effects related to potential disruption to community 

cohesion would be considered at the Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

Operation

The additional two daily round-trip intercity passenger trains associated with the Program would not 

be expected to alter automobile, pedestrian, and bicycle access to neighborhoods and community 

facilities adjacent to the existing Program Corridor in the Eastern Section. Site-specific effects 

related to potential disruption to community cohesion would be further considered at the Tier 

2/Project-level analysis.

Although the current design of crossings (i.e., at-grade or grade-separated) could change upon 

implementation of the Build Alternative Options in the Eastern Section, the Program improvements 

are not anticipated to divide or isolate portions of the communities in the Program Corridor. 

Relocation of public roads or road closures could potentially occur in isolated locations, causing 

some local residents, commercial vehicles, and/or emergency service providers to find alternate 

routes through the Program Corridor. 

Noise and vibration from operation of the Build Alternative Options in the Eastern Section would not 

be expected to cause long-term disruptions to residences and businesses located in close proximity 

to the railroad ROW, as only two daily round-trip intercity passenger trains are associated with the 

proposed service. Current (2018) daily rail traffic volumes on the Eastern Section (as shown in 

Chapter 2 of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) average 43 daily trains along the Colton-Coachella 

segment, consisting of freight and passenger trains (RCTC and FRA 2021b). The addition of two 

daily round-trip intercity passenger trains would represent a minor increase in train activity compared 

with current (2018) traffic volume along the existing railroad ROW. In 2024 and 2044, the Program
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program 

Socioeconomics Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 6-9 

would add the same number of rail operations to higher baseline conditions. Therefore, the 

Program’s effects in 2024 (as shown in Chapter 2, of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) and 2044 (as 

shown in Chapter 2 of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) would be lower than those evaluated under 

existing conditions and would not result in substantial changes in noise and vibration levels. 

6.2.4 Improvements to Regional Mobility and Connectivity

The potential for improvements to regional mobility and connectivity associated with the 

implementation of the Build Alternative Options would be similar for both the Western and Eastern 

Sections. As such, the entire Program Corridor is evaluated in the following discussion.

Long-term socioeconomic benefits in the Program Corridor would accrue in the four-county region

intersecting the Program Corridor. Passenger rail service within the Program Corridor would provide 

connections to major economic generators within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study 

Area, including the cities of Los Angeles, Fullerton, Riverside, and Palm Springs. The improved 

access would likely result in increased economic activity within cities directly served by the 

passenger rail, particularly near station areas. 

Improved access within the region and affected cities is expected to have social benefits including

better access to jobs, community amenities, and facilities. Improving regional mobility and 

connections between economic and employment centers, education centers, other cultural and 

recreational activity centers and to shops and services adjacent to station areas would enhance 

socioeconomic conditions throughout the region. 

Connecting urban areas and communities by improving access and mobility could expand 

employment opportunities over the larger geographic area, benefitting both employers (by expanding 

the labor pool) and employees (by offering more choices regarding where to live and work). The 

Program could also offer travel time reductions for transit patrons and regional commuters and 

reduce traffic congestion by shifting trips from the roadway system to the passenger rail system.
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May 2021 | 6-10 

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May 2021 | 7-1 

7 Tier 2 Environmental Review

Considerations

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR is a qualitative evaluation that generally identifies the type of 

socioeconomic effects that could result from construction and operation of the Build Alternative

Options. Specific station locations, Tier 2/Project design, and construction methods have not been 

determined. 

Tier 2/Project-level analysis is anticipated to address potential effects resulting from infrastructure 

improvements (such as sidings, additional main line track, wayside signals, drainage, 

grade-separation structures, and stations), potential effects of acquisitions, easements, and 

displacements (public or private), and compliance with the Uniform Act, as amended. 

Pending the location of the Tier 2 infrastructure improvements relative to populations and 

communities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area, potential mitigation 

measures have been developed on a programmatic scale for further consideration in the Tier 

2/Project level analysis. These potential measures include mitigations for any potential construction 

impacts along the Eastern Section Program Corridor that would be triggered as a result of the 

construction of the proposed infrastructure, station placement, and relocations related to 

acquisitions, such that effects on populations and communities would be minimized. Implementation 

of the following mitigations would be decided during the Tier 2/Project-level analysis after exact 

station location and infrastructure elements are known and would be used prior to and/or during 

construction, after environmental clearance is complete: 

• Construction management plan: Construction management plan would be prepared that 

includes actions pertaining to visual protection, air quality, safety controls, noise controls, 

and traffic controls to minimize effects on populations and communities within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Socioeconomics Study Area. The plan would also verify that property 

access is maintained for local businesses, residences, and emergency services and would

include maintaining customer and vendor access to local businesses throughout construction 

by using signs to instruct customers about business access during construction. In addition, 

the plan would include provisions for consultation with local transit providers to minimize 

effects on local and regional bus routes in affected communities.
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May 2021 | 7-2 

• Relocation mitigation plan: If acquisitions related to the construction of infrastructure 

improvements (such as sidings, additional main line track, wayside signals, drainage, 

grade-separation structures, and stations) in the Eastern Section cause displacements, a 

relocation mitigation plan would be developed in consultation with affected cities and 

counties and property owners. 

The relocation mitigation plan would be designed to meet the following objectives: 

o Provide affected property and business owners and tenants a high level of individualized

assistance in situations when acquisition is necessary and the property owner desires to 

relocate the existing use

o Coordinate relocation activities resulting in displacements to provide for all displaced 

persons and businesses to receive fair and consistent relocation benefits

o Minimize the permanent closure of businesses and non-profit agencies as a result of 

property acquisition 

o Within the limits established by law and regulation, minimize the economic disruption 

caused to property owners by relocation

o Provide those business owners who require complex permitting with regulatory 

compliance assistance

The relocation mitigation plan would include the following components: 

o A description of the appraisal, acquisition, and relocation process, as well as a 

description of the activities of the appraisal and relocation specialists

o A means of assigning appraisal and relocation staff to affected property owners, tenants, 

or other residents on an individual basis

o Individualized assistance to affected property owners, tenants, or other residents in 

applying for funding and researching areas for relocation 

o Identification of a single point of contact for property owners, residents, and tenants with 

questions about the relocation process

 This point of contact would also act to address concerns about the relocation process 

as it applies to the individual situations of property owners, tenants, and other 

residents
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program 

Socioeconomics Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 7-3 

• Land use consistency analysis: a land use consistency analysis shall be conducted to 

determine consistency with the applicable local jurisdictional general plans or programs. 

Recommendations shall be identified to avoid or minimize conflicts with sensitive land uses 

or environmental resources. 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program 

Socioeconomics Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 7-4 

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Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

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May 2021 | 8-1

8 References

California Department of Finance. 2018. Tables P-1: and P-2, State and County Projections Dataset: 

Total Estimated and Projected Population for California and Counties: July 1, 2010 to July 1, 

2060 in 1-year Increments.

California State Data Center. 2016a. 2012-2016 American Community Survey (5-year estimates), 

Data Extract for Income, Poverty, and Employment Status.

——— 2016b. 2012-2016 American Community Survey (5-year estimates), Data Extract for Social 

Characteristics – Household Type, Grandparents, Veterans, Disability, Nativity, Language.

City of Indio. 2018. City of Indio. Accessed July 11, 2018. http://indio.org/about/history.htm.

City of Vernon. 2018. City of Vernon website. Accessed July 10, 2018. http://cityofvernon.org/.

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 1999. Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts. 

Section 10(b)(16) and Section 14(n)(16). Accessed July 24, 2018. 

https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/FRAEnvProcedures_FED_REG_Notic

e.pdf. 

Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC) and Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 

2021a. Land Use and Planning Technical Memorandum. Prepared by HDR Engineering, Inc.

——— 2021b. Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Project Environmental 

Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (Draft). Prepared by HDR Engineering, Inc. 

——— 2021c. Noise and Vibration Technical Memorandum. Prepared by HDR Engineering, Inc.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2018. Topics (Income and Poverty). Accessed July 2018. 

https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/income/about.html.
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May 2021 | 8-2

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Socioeconomics Technical Memorandum

Appendix A. Socioeconomics Conditions Tables
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Table A-1. Historic Growth in the State and Region

Geography 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Percent

Change

1970-2010

Annual Growth

Rate

Population

State of California 19,953,134 23,667,902 29,760,021 33,871,648 37,253,956 86.7% 1.6%

Los Angeles County 7,041,980 7,447,238 8,863,164 9,519,338 9,818,605 39.4% 0.8%

Orange County 1,421,233 1,932,921 2,410,556 2,846,289 3,010,232 111.8% 1.9%

San Bernardino County 682,233 895,016 1,48,380 1,709,434 2,035,210 198.3% 2.8%

Riverside County 456,916 663,199 1,170,413 1,545,387 2,189,641 379.2% 4.0%

Four-County Region 9,602,362 10,938,374 12,444,133 15,620,448 17,053,688 77.6% 1.4%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau: 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010 Census
Table A-2. Projected Population Growth in State and Region

Geography 2018 2020 2030 2040 2050

Percent

Change

2018-2050

Annual Growth

Rate

Population

State of California 39,952,483 40,639,392 43,939,250 46,804,202 49,077,801 22.8% 0.6%

Los Angeles County 10,327,815 10,435,036 10,868,614 11,144,846 11,257,873 9.0% 0.3%

Orange County 3,220,451 3,260,012 3,433,510 3,558,071 3,615,935 12.3% 0.4%

San Bernardino County 2,185,083 2,230,602 2,478,888 2,730,966 2,976,804 36.2% 1.0%

Riverside County 2,425,939 2,500,975 2,857,496 3,159,599 3,400,372 40.2% 1.1%

Four-County Region 18,159,288 18,426,625 19,638,508 20,593,482 21,250,984 17% 0.5%

Source: California Department of Finance 2018 
Table A-3. Employment in State and Region

Demographic

State Counties Cities

California Los Angeles Orange Riverside San Bernardino Four-County Region Los Angeles Vernon Bell Commerce Pico Rivera Santa Fe Springs Norwalk La Mirada Anaheim Placentia

Pop over 16 years 30,565,746 8,036,077 2,497,161 1,782,752 1,598,512 13,914,502 2,097,465 64 26,696 6,011 31,519 8,121 50,472 23,652 181,688 27,458

In Labor Force 19,391,320 5,173,061 1,645,577 1,071,927 962,592 8,853,157 2,097,465 64 17,236 6,011 31,519 8,121 50,472 23,652 181,688 27,458

Civilian Labor Force 19,260,868 5,169,884 1,643,655 1,067,758 951,616 8,832,913 2,096,761 64 17,236 5,989 31,519 8,095 50,458 23,631 181,583 27,443

Employed Civilian 

Labor

17,577,142 4,709,319 1,532,549 946,798 847,144 8,035,810 1,903,882 57 15,263 5,304 28,815 7,701 46,446 21,996 166,854 25,575

Unemployed Civilian 

Labor (%)

1,683,726

8.7%

460,565

8.9%

111,106

6.8%

120,960

11.3%

104,472

11.0%

797,103 

9.0%

192,879

9.2%

7 

10.9%

1,973

11.4%

685

11.4%

2,704

8.6%

394

4.9%

4,012

8.0%

1,635

6.9%

14,729

8.1%

1,868

6.8%

Armed Forces 130,452 3,177 1,922 4,169 10,976 20,244 704 0 0 22 0 26 14 21 105 15

Agriculture, Forestry... 

1 

414,997

2.4%

23,123

0.5%

7,897

0.5%

15,163

1.6%

6,136

0.7%

52,319

0.7%

8,690%

0.5%

0 

0%

130

0.9%

9 

0.2%%

143

0.5%

54

0.7%%

356

0.8%

44

0.2%

670

0.4%

167

0.7%

Construction 1,055,791

6.0%

268,351

5.7%

85,931

5.6%

81,190

8.6%

60,592

7.2% 496,064 

6.2%

115,797

6.1%

0 

0%

876

5.7%

313

5.9%

1,516

5.3%

462

6.0%

2,786

6.0%

1,380

6.3%

12,487

7.5%

1,741

6.8%

Manufacturing 1,697,080

3.7%

476,943

10.1%

196,945

12.9%

84,544

8.9%

80,843

9.5% 839,275

10.4%

161,733

8.5%

6 

10.5%

2,259

14.8%

859

16.2%

4,414

15.3%

1,009

13.1%

6,101

13.1%

2,740

12.5%

22,283

13.4%

3,644

14.2%

Wholesale Trade 530,690

3.0%

165,120

3.5%

55,700

3.6%

28,962

3.1%

29,935

3.5% 279,717

3.5% 

53,472

2.8%

8 

14.0%

1,033

6.8%

332

6.3%

1,933

6.7%

469

6.1%

2,795

6.0%

926

4.2%

6,967

4.2%

1,022

4.0%

Retail Trade 1,927,782

11.0%

501,212

10.6%

167,061

10.9%

123,362

13.0%

111,714

13.2% 903,349

11.2% 

197,190

10.4%

1 

1.8%

2,341

15.3%

665

12.5%

3,345

11.6%

625

8.1%

5,652

12.2%

2,606

11.8%

18,569

11.1%

2,560

10.0%

Transportation, 

Warehousing,...2

845,011

4.8%

256,614

5.4%

50,600

3.3%

54,840

5.8%

71,732

8.5%

433,786

5.4% 

82,018

4.3%

3 

5.3%

1,4480

9.7%

447

8.4%

2,484

8.6%

473

6.1%

3,939

8.5%

1,453

6.6%

6,036

3.6%

914

3.6%

Information 513,204

2.3%

209,651

4.5%

32,760

2.1%

14,076

1.5%

11,334

1.3%

267,821

3.3% 

113,393

6.0%

3 

5.3%

186

1.2%

127

2.4%

546

1.9%

150

1.9%

703

1.5%

323

1.5%

3,048

1.8%

636

2.5%

Finance and 

Insurance...3

1,089,085

6.2%

292,365

6.2%

131,547

8.6%

49,265

5.2%

40,892

4.8%

514,069

6.4% 

116,985

6.1%

27

47.4%

391

2.6%

156

2.9%

1,362

4.7%

504

6.5%

2,303

5.0%

1,419

6.5%

11,044

6.6%

1,778

7.0%

Professional, 

Scientific...4

2,297,962

13.1%

595,169

12.6%

218,777

14.3%

96,495

10.2%

78,922

9.3%

989,363 

12.3%

268,676

14.1%

0 

0%

1,157

7.6%

372

7.0%

2,008

7.0%

668

8.7%

3,905

8.4$

1,682

7.6%

20,810

12.5%

2,920

11.4%

Educational 

Services...

3,674,888

20.9%

968,020

20.6%

292,475

19.1%

194,615

20.6%

189,104

22.3% 1,644,214

20.5% 

369,068

19.4%

1 

1.8%

2,560

16.8%

1,002

18.9%

5,717

19.8%

1,882

24.4%

9,334

20.1%

5,793

26.3%

29,578

17.7%

5,512

21.6%

Arts, 

Entertainment...5

1,817,155

10.3%

515,900

11.0%

166,993

10.9%

107,924

11.4%

75,404

8.9% 866,221

10.8%

239,935

12.6%

0 

0%

1,412

9.3%

588

11.1%

2,693

9.3%

572

7.4%

4,444

9.6%

1,747

7.9%

22,564

13.5%

2,693

10.5%

Other Services 

(Except Public Ad) 

938,247

5.3%

288,080

6.1%

83,707

5.5%

49,963

5.3%

44,341

5.2%

466,091

5.8%

134,523

7.1%

3 

5.3%

1,047

391

199

3.8%

1,589

5.5%

298

3.9%

2,391

5.1%

913

4.2%

8,513

5.1%

1,162

4.5%

Public Administration 775,250

4.4%

148,771

3.2%

42,156

2.8%

46,399

4.9%

46,195

5.5%

283,521 

3.5%

42,402

2.2%

5 

8.8%

391

2.6%

235

4.4%

1,065

3.7%

535

6.9%

1,737

3.7%

970

4.4%

4,285

2.6%

826

3.2%
Demographic Cities

Yorba 

Linda

Chino 

Hills

Corona Riverside Colton Grand 

Terrace

San 

Bernardin

o 

Loma 

Linda

Redlands Calimesa Beaumont Banning Palm 

Springs

Cathedral 

City

Rancho 

Mirage

Palm 

Desert

Indio Coachella

Pop over 16 years 34,711 41,158 81,888 157,515 24,844 6,417 89,365 11,216 32,269 7,013 18,747 10,876 21,807 24,814 16,592 43,756 39,502

30,812

In Labor Force 34,711 41,158 81,888 157,515 24,844 6,417 89,365 11,216 32,269 3,292 18,747 10,876 21,807 24,814 6,036 23,265 39,502

21,681

Civilian Labor Force 34,690 41,137 81,859 157,424 24,844 6,352 89,284 11,209 32,251 3,292 18,738 10,872 21,796 24,805 6,036 23,247 39,482

21,681

Employed Civilian 

Labor

32,447 3,8242 75,511 140,141 22,409 5,742 76,729 10,450 29,959 2,851 17,474 9,355 19,445 22,356 5,600 21,480 34,808

17,962

Unemployed Civilian 

Labor%

2,243

6.5%

2,895

7.0%

6,348

7.8%

17,283

11.0%

2,435

9.8%

610

9.6%

12,555

14.1%

759

6.8%

2,292

7.1%

441

1.9%

1,264

6.7%

1,517

14.0%

2,351

10.8%

2,449

9.9%

436

7.2%

1,767

7.6%

4,674

11.8%

3,719

17.2%

Armed Forces 21 21 29 91 0 65 81 7 18 0 9 4 11 9 0 18 20

0 

Agriculture, 

Forestry... 1

273

0.8%

83

0.2%

309

0.4%

750

0.5%

80

0.4%

9 

0.2%

630

0.8%

89

0.9%

173

0.6%

16

0.6%

176

1.0%

81

0.9%

79

0.4%

89

0.4%

33

0.6%

181

0.8%

811

2.3%

2,031

11.3%

Construction 1,568

4.8%

1,933

5.1%

5,981

7.9%

11,456

8.2%

1,692

7.6%

399

6.9%

5,458

7.1%

160

1.5%

1,305

4.4%

375

13.2%

1,078

6.2%

707

7.6%

859

4.4%

1,823

8.2%

309

5.5%

1,169

5.4%

2,882

8.3%

1,661

9.2%

Manufacturing 4,395

13.5%

3,913

10.2%

10,380

13.7%

15,287

10.9%

2,600

11.6%

348

6.1%

7,141

9.3%

325

3.1%

1,795

6.0%

225

7.9%

1,514

8.7%

964

10.3%

798

4.1%

543

2.4%

263

4.7%

708

3.3%

1,216

3.5% 918

5.1%

Wholesale Trade 1,513

4.7%

2,421

6.3%

2,722

3.6%

5,415

3.9%

685

3.1%

145

2.5%

2,875

3.7%

23

0.2%

701

2.3%

107

3.8%

304

1.7%

222

2.4%

225

1.2%

229

1.0%

123

2.2%

528

2.5%

567

1.6%

342

1.9%

Retail Trade 2,985

9.2%

3,981

10.4%

9,006

11.9%

17,693

12.6%

3,592

16.0%

1,072

18.7%

10,076

13.1%

1,187

11.4%

3,643

12.2%

362

12.7%

2,222

12.7%

1,542

16.5%

1,911

9.8%

3,462

15.5%

544

9.7%

2,800

13.0%

4,519

13.0%

2,332

13.0%

Transportation, 

Warehousing,...2

933

2.9%

2,014

5.3%

3,973

5.3%

7,985

5.7%

1,853

8.3%

385

6.7%

7,417

9.7%

567

5.4%

1,732

5.8%

155

5.4%

1,001

5.7%

475

5.1%

736

3.8%

608

2.7%

214

3.8%

653

3.0%

1,119

3.2%

515

2.9%

Information 848

2.6%

554

1.4%

1,036

1.4%

2,075

1.5%

133

0.6%

73

1.3%

605

0.8%

32

0.3%

334

1.1%

36

1.3%

210

1.2%

65

0.7%

610

3.1%

273

1.2%

130

2.3%

395

1.8%

538

1.5%

246

1.4%

Finance and 

Insurance...3

3,415

10.5%

3,602

9.4%

5,222

6.9%

6,681

4.8%

726

3.2%

153

2.7%

3,195

4.2%

326

3.1%

1,216

4.1%

151

5.3%

605

3.5%

298

3.2%

1,278

6.6%

841

3.8%

765

13.7%

1,494

7.0%

1,825

5.2%

406

2.3%

Professional, 

Scientific...4

4,181

12.9%

4,269

11.2%

7,891

10.5%

12,796

9.1%

1,594

7.1%

326

5.7%

7,156

9.3%

751

7.2%

2,712

9.1%

338

11.9%

1,522

8.7%

693

7.4%

3,002

15.4%

3,384

15.1%

828

14.8%

2,674

12.4%

4,402

12.6%

2,429

13.5%

Educational 

Services...

7,396

22.8%

9,404

24.6%

13,881

18.4%

32,606

23.3%

5,497

24.5%

1,976

34.4%

15,958

20.8%

5,756

55.1%

11,171

37.3%

620

21.7%

5,226

29.9%

1,885

20.1%

4,122

21.2%

4,370

19.5%

1,334

23.8%

4,377

20.4%

6,384

18.3%

2,329

13.0%

Arts, 

Entertainment...5

2,541

7.8%

2,701

7.1%

6,539

8.7%

13,801

9.8%

1,791

8.0%

309

5.4%

7,830

10.2%

485

4.6%

2,053

6.9%

204

7.2%

1,517

8.7%

1,607

17.2%

4,115

21.2%

4,637

20.7%

557

10.3%

4,337

20.2%

6,927

19.9%

3,496

19.5%

Other Services 

(Except Public Ad) 

1,310

4.0%

1,411

3.7%

4,019

5.3%

7,232

5.2%

1,325

5.9%

182

3.2%

4,657

6.1%

400

3.8%

1,626

5.4%

94

3.3%

867

5.0%

394

4.2%

1,202

6.2%

1,562

7.0%

285

5.1%

1,536

7.2%

2,148

6.2%

776

4.3%
Demographic Cities

Yorba 

Linda

Chino 

Hills

Corona Riverside Colton Grand 

Terrace

San 

Bernardin

o 

Loma 

Linda

Redlands Calimesa Beaumont Banning Palm 

Springs

Cathedral 

City

Rancho 

Mirage

Palm 

Desert

Indio Coachella

Public Administration 1,089

3.4%

1,956

5.1%

4,552

6.0%

6,364

4.5%

841

3.8%

365

6.4%

3,731

4.9

349

3.3%

1,498

5.0%

168

5.9%

1,232

7.1%

422

4.5%

508

2.6%

535

2.4%

195

3.5%

628

2.9%

1,470

4.2%

481

2.7%

Source: ACS 2012-2016, 5-year estimates, Table DP03. Notes: 1 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, and Mining; 2 Transportation and Warehousing, and Utilities; 3 Finance and Insurance, and Real Estate and Rental and Leasing; 4 Professional, Scientific, and Management, and Administrative and Waste 

Management Services; 5 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation, and Accommodation and Food Services

Table A-4. Race and Ethnicity 

Geography

Total 

Population

Total 

Minority

Hispanic 

or Latino 

(all 

Races) White

Black or 

African 

American

American

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native Asian

Native

Hawaiian/

Pacific 

Islander

Some 

Other 

Race

Two or 

More 

Races

STATE

California Total

% 

38,654,206 22,618,701 

58.5

1,490,3982

38.6

14,837,2

42 

38.4

2,158,363 

5.6

136,582 

0.4

5,280,818 

13.7

138,956 

0.4

90,413 

0.2

1,107,850

2.9

COUNTY

Los Angeles Total

%

10,057,155 7,119,139 

70.8

4,861,648 

48.3

2,687,78

7 

801,182 

8.0

18,765 

0.2

1,413,105 

14.1

24,439 

0.2

29,351 

0.3

220,878 

2.2

Orange Total

%

3,132,211 1,730,844 

55.3

1,070,553 

34.2

1,314,67

2 

47,971 

1.5

6,475 

0.2

596,998 

19.1

8,847 

0.3

5,903 

0.2

80,792 

2.6

Riverside Total

% 

2,323,892 1,395,524 

60.1

1,102,968 

47.5

865,631 

37.2

137,779 

5.9

9,407 

0.4

139,108 

6.0

6,262 

0.3

3,749 

0.2

58,988 

2.5

San Bernardino Total

%

2,106,754 1,411,439 

67.0

1,089,104 

51.7

642,786 

30.5

170,376 

8.1

6,840 

0.3

138,751 

6.6

6,368 

0.3

4,417 

0.2

48,112 

2.3

Four-County 

Region

Total

%

17,620,012 11,656,946 

66.2

8,124,273 

46.1

5,510,87

6 

1,157,308 

6.6

41,487 

0.2

2,287,962 

13.0

45,916 

0.3

43,420 

0.2

408,770 

2.3

CITIES AND TOWNS

Los Angeles Total

% 

3,918,872 2,705,261 

69.0

1,905,577 

48.6

1,115,52

6 

28.5

341,100 

8.7

5,972 

0.2

446,806 

11.4

5,806 

0.1

13,646 

0.3

84,439 

2.2

Vernon Total

% 

101 82 

81.2

45 

44.6

6 

5.9

22 

21.8

0

0.0

15 

14.9

0

0.0

0

0.0

13 

12.9

Bell Total

% 

35,927 34,259

95.4

33,266

92.6

1,621

4.5

511

1.4

23

0.1

362

1.0

97

0.3

0

0 

47

0.1

Commerce Total

% 

12,997 12,761 

98.2

12,411 

95.5

158 

1.2

113 

0.9

107 

0.8

115 

0.9

15 

0.1

18 

0.1

60 

0.5

Montebello Total

% 

63,416 57,461 

90.6

48,291 

76.1

5,389 

8.5

762 

1.2

289 

0.5

8,080 

12.7

39 

0.1

40 

0.1

526 

0.8

Pico Rivera Total

% 

63,724 60,026 

94.2

57,673 

90.5

3,480 

5.5

453 

0.7

250 

0.4

1,636 

2.6

14 

0.0

22 

0.0

196 

0.3

Santa Fe 

Springs

Total

% 

17,436 15,665 

89.8

13,771 

79.0

1,500 

8.6

595 

3.4

73 

0.4

1,221 

7.0

5 

0.0

198 

1.1

73 

0.4

Norwalk Total

% 

106,360 93,069 

87.5

74,182 

69.7

12,070 

11.3

4,191 

3.9

412 

0.4

13,947 

13.1

337 

0.3

305 

0.3

916 

0.9

La Mirada Total

% 

49,130 30,874 

62.8

20,118 

40.9

16,818 

34.2

956 

1.9

55 

0.1

9,679 

19.7

66 

0.1

80 

0.2

1,358 

2.8

Buena Park Total

% 

82,771 59,839 

72.3

33,002 

39.9

21,271 

25.7

2,464 

3.0

236 

0.3

23,596 

28.5

541 

0.7

62 

0.1

1,599 

1.9

Fullerton Total

% 

139,491 87,981 

63.1

49,743 

35.7

47,255 

33.9

3,359 

2.4

180 

0.1

34,281 

24.6

418 

0.3

131 

0.1

4,124 

3.0

Anaheim Total

% 

346,776 250,020 

72.1

185,945 

53.6

90,059 

26.0

7,346 

2.1

491 

0.1

54,762 

15.8

1,476 

0.4

447 

0.1

6,250 

1.8

Placentia Total

% 

52,168 28,621 

54.9

19,237 

36.9

22,164 

42.5

526 

1.0

25 

0.0

8,817 

16.9

16 

0.0

125 

0.2

1,258 

2.4

Yorba Linda Total

% 

67,362 23,730 

35.2

11,091 

16.5

40,892 

60.7

692 

1.0

60 

0.1

11,832 

17.6

55 

0.1

62 

0.1

2,678 

4.0

Chino Hills Total

% 

77,266 50,087 

64.8

21,332 

27.6

24,699 

32.0

3,076 

4.0

139 

0.2

25,502 

33.0

38 

0.0

286 

0.4

2,194 

2.8

Corona Total

% 

161,614 96,460 

59.7

69,843 

43.2

60,741 

37.6

7,396 

4.6

244 

0.2

18,274 

11.3

703 

0.4

384 

0.2

4,029 

2.5

Riverside Total

% 

318,678 207,212 

65.0

165,670 

52.0

101,762 

31.9

18,248 

5.7

1,104 

0.3

21,470 

6.7

720 

0.2

753 

0.2

8,951 

2.8

Colton Total

% 

53,856 44,273 

82.2

37,219 

69.1

8,986 

16.7

4,118 

7.6

90 

0.2

2,516 

4.7

330 

0.6

36 

0.1

561 

1.0

Grand Terrace Total

% 

12,393 7,271 

58.7

5,875 

47.4

4,799 

38.7

685 

5.5

7 

0.1

700 

5.6

4 

0.0

8 

0.1

315 

2.5

San Bernardino Total

% 

214,581 175,498 

81.8

135,870 

63.3

33,769 

15.7

28,726 

13.4

555 

0.3

9,810 

4.6

537 

0.3

455 

0.2

4,859 

2.3

Loma Linda Total

% 

23,859 15,021 

63.0

6,199 

26.0

8,154 

34.2

2,648 

11.1

45 

0.2

6,102 

25.6

27 

0.1

41 

0.2

643 

2.7

Redlands Total

% 

70,442 31,156 

44.2

21,405 

30.4

36,939 

52.4

3,817 

5.4

299 

0.4

5,281 

7.5

354 

0.5

280 

0.4

2,067 

2.9
Geography

Total 

Population

Total 

Minority

Hispanic 

or Latino 

(all 

Races) White

Black or 

African 

American

American

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native Asian

Native

Hawaiian/

Pacific 

Islander

Some 

Other 

Race

Two or 

More 

Races

Calimesa Total

% 

8,379 2,392

28.5

2,167

25.9

5,850

69.8

93

1.1

37

0.4

95

1.1

0

0 

0

0 

137

1.6

Beaumont Total

% 

42,191 23,591 

55.9

17,892 

42.4

17,447 

41.4

2,158 

5.1

78 

0.2

3,383 

8.0

80 

0.2

64 

0.2

1,089 

2.6

Banning Total

% 

30,643 17,918 

58.5

13,315 

43.5

12,170 

39.7

2,442 

8.0

739 

2.4

1,406 

4.6

16 

0.1

113 

0.4

442 

1.4

Palm Springs Total

% 

46,714 16,751 

35.9

12,053 

25.8

28,838 

61.7

2,117 

4.5

239 

0.5

2,199 

4.7

143 

0.3

52 

0.1

1,073 

2.3

Cathedral City Total

% 

53,268 35,830 

67.3

32,213 

60.5

16,654 

31.3

1,264 

2.4

95 

0.2

2,225 

4.2

33 

0.1

108 

0.2

676 

1.3

Rancho Mirage Total

% 

17,876 2,493

13.9

1,566

8.8

15,175

84.9

224

1.3

53

0.3

618

3.5

32

0.2

4

0.0

204

1.1

Palm Desert Total

% 

51,045 16,569

32.5

13,438

26.3

33,269

65.2

819

1.6

46

0.1

2,237

4.4

29

0.1

83

0.2

1,124

2.2

Indio Total

% 

85,401 62,609 

73.3

58,020 

67.9

21,921 

25.7

2,336 

2.7

211 

0.2

1,995 

2.3

47 

0.1

27 

0.0

844 

1.0

Coachella Total

% 

43,826 43,080 

98.3

42,725 

97.5

703 

1.6

288 

0.7

21 

0.0

46 

0.1

0

0.0

15 

0.0

28 

0.1

Source: California State Data Center 2016
Table A-5. Household Income 

Household 

Income

State Counties

Cities and Towns

California Los 

Angeles

Orange San 

Bernardino

Riverside FourCounty 

Region

Los 

Angeles

Vernon Bell Commerce Montebello Pico 

Rivera

Santa 

Fe 

Springs

Norwalk La 

Mirada

Buena 

Park 

Fullerton Anaheim Placentia

Total 

Households

12,807,387 3,281,845 1,017,012 705,716 618,922 5,623,495 1,356,311 32 8,891 3,599 19,801 16,788 5,130 27,286 14,450 23,316 45,059 100,004 16,456 

Less Than 

10,000

Total

% 

730,021 

5.7

213,320 

6.5

45,766 

4.5

39,520 

5.6

40,849 

6.6

339,454 

6.0

104,436 

7.7

0

0

596

6.7

241 

6.7

950 

4.8

890 

5.3

205 

4 

1,173 

4.3

491 

3.4

1,026 

4.4

2,839 

6.3

5,100 

5.1

444 

2.7

10,000-

14,999

Total

% 

627,562 

4.9

183,783 

5.6

32,544 

3.2

33,874 

4.8

34,041 

5.5

284,243 

5.1

92,229 

6.8

0

0

596

6.7

310 

8.6

1,267 

6.4

739 

4.4

416 

8.1

1,119 

4.1

578 

4 

839 

3.6

1,802 

4 

4,500 

4.5

346 

2.1

15,000-

24,999

Total

% 

1,165,472 

9.1

334,748 

10.2

70,174 

6.9

70,572 

10

64,368 

10.4

539,862 

9.6

154,619 

11.4

14 

43.8

1,351

15.2

507 

14.1

2,891 

14.6

1,494 

8.9

575 

11.2

2,538 

9.3

1,026 

7.1

2,052 

8.8

3,560 

7.9

8,400 

8.4

1,168 

7.1

25,000-

34,999

Total

% 

1,114,243 

8.7

305,212 

9.3

73,225 

7.2

69,866 

9.9

60,654 

9.8

508,957 

9.1

136,987 

10.1

1 

3.1

1,334

15.0

403 

11.2

2,416 

12.2

1,494 

8.9

369 

7.2

2,101 

7.7

737 

5.1

1,772 

7.6

3,064 

6.8

9,000 

9 

987 

6 

35,000-

49,999

Total

% 

1,511,272 

11.8

406,949 

12.4

105,769 

10.4

93,860 

13.3

83,554 

13.5

690,133 

12.3

169,539 

12.5

6 

18.8

1,680

18.9

633 

17.6

2,851 

14.4

2,501 

14.9

616 

12

3,738 

13.7

1,561 

10.8

2,658 

11.4

5,047 

11.2

13,101 

13.1

1,777 

10.8

50,000-

74,999

Total

% 

2,113,219 

16.5

541,504 

16.5

162,722 

16

128,440 

18.2

115,738 

18.7

948,405 

16.9

217,010 

16

1 

3.1

1,752

19.7

651 

18.1

3,485 

17.6

3,525 

21

954 

18.6

6,276 

23

2,182 

15.1

3,917 

16.8

8,516 

18.9

18,301 

18.3

2,798 

17

75,000-

99,999

Total

% 

1,549,694 

12.1

380,694 

11.6

131,195 

12.9

91,743 

13

79,222 

12.8

682,854 

12.1

141,056 

10.4

4 

12.5

836

9.4

421 

11.7

2,158 

10.9

2,501 

14.9

652 

12.7

4,093 

15

2,211 

15.3

3,637 

15.6

5,768 

12.8

13,101 

13.1

2,452 

14.9

100,000-

149,000

Total

% 

1,946,723 

15.2

459,458 

14

180,011 

17.7

103,035 

14.6

84,792 

13.7

827,296 

14.7

164,114 

12.1

5 

15.6

551

6.2

317 

8.8

2,396 

12.1

2,602 

15.5

939 

18.3

4,529 

16.6

3,222 

22.3

4,360 

18.7

7,029 

15.6

15,801 

15.8

2,896 

17.6

150,000-

199,999

Total

% 

934,939 

7.3

206,756 

6.3

95,599 

9.4

42,343 

6 

32,803 

5.3

377,501 

6.7

73,241 

5.4

0

0

133

1.5

101 

2.8

871 

4.4

705 

4.2

277 

5.4

1,255 

4.6

1,416 

9.8

1,609 

6.9

3,289 

7.3

6,800 

6.8

2,057 

12.5

200,000 or 

more 

Total

% 

1,114,243 

8.7

249,420 

7.6

120,007 

11.8

32,463 

4.6

22,281 

3.6

424,172 

7.5

101,723 

7.5

1 

3.1

53

0.6

14 

0.4

515 

2.6

353 

2.1

133 

2.6

518 

1.9

1,040 

7.2

1,469 

6.3

4,145 

9.2

5,900 

5.9

1,497 

9.1

Median 

Household 

Income

$63,783 $57,952 $78,145 $54,469 $57,972 NA $51,538 $38,333 $38,823 $42,235 $47,518 $57,203 $58,147 $61,050 $81,956 $70,341 $67,101 $61,826 $80,668
Household 

Income ($) 

Cities and Towns

Yorba 

Linda

Chino 

Hills

Corona Riverside Colton Grand 

Terrace

San 

Bernardino

Loma 

Linda

Redlands Calimesa Beaumont Banning Palm 

Springs

Cathedral City Rancho Mirage Palm Desert Indio Coachella

Total 

Households 21,829 24,034 49,350 91,940 15,982 4,383 57,323 8,719 24,046 3,323 12,752 10,955 23,556 17,680 9,510 23,729 27,290 11,379 

Less Than 

10,000

Total

% 458 

2.1

889 

3.7

2,221 

4.5

5,516 

6

1,039 

6.5

153 

3.5

5,675 

9.9

898 

10.3

1,371 

5.7

196

5.9

701 

5.5

800 

7.3

1,696 

7.2

1,344 

7.6

561

5.9%

1,590

6.7%

2,047 

7.5

808 

7.1

10,000-

14,999

Total

% 196 

0.9

457 

1.9

1,777 

3.6

4,689 

5.1

831 

5.2

70 

1.6

5,675 

9.9

488 

5.6

962 

4

206

6.2

459 

3.6

767 

7

1,720 

7.3

1,255 

7.1

352

3.7%

1,258

5.3%

1,337 

4.9

762 

6.7

15,000-

24,999

Total

% 917 

4.2

961 

4

3,751 

7.6

9,010 

9.8

1,998 

12.5

241 

5.5

8,426 

14.7

732 

8.4

1,876 

7.8

236

7.1

842 

6.6

1,632 

14.9

3,439 

14.6

2,493 

14.1

1,056

11.1%

2,420

10.2%

3,138 

11.5

1,912 

16.8

25,000-

34,999

Total

% 917 

4.2

1,178 

4.9

4,195 

8.5

8,367 

9.1

2,493 

15.6

482 

11

6,707 

11.7

924 

10.6

2,140 

8.9

601

18.1

765 

6

1,304 

11.9

2,662 

11.3

2,334 

13.2

780

8.2%

2,302

9.7%

2,893 

10.6

2,025 

17.8

35,000-

49,999

Total

% 1,572 

7.2

1,851 

7.7

5,182 

10.5

11,952 

13

2,413 

15.1

741 

16.9

9,057 

15.8

1,195 

13.7

2,525 

10.5

555

16.7

1,734 

13.6

2,092 

19.1

3,039 

12.9

2,935 

16.6

980

10.3%

3,275

13.8%

4,339 

15.9

1,764 

15.5

50,000-

74,999

Total

% 2,314 

10.6

3,749 

15.6

8,340 

16.9

17,193 

18.7

3,420 

21.4

991 

22.6

9,286 

16.2

1,412 

16.2

4,473 

18.6

502

15.1

2,461 

19.3

2,136 

19.5

3,910 

16.6

2,935 

16.6

1,398

14.7%

4,770

20.1%

5,185 

19

2,310 

20.3

75,000-

99,999

Total

% 2,750 

12.6

3,317 

13.8

7,106 

14.4

12,872 

14

1,646 

10.3

574 

13.1

5,732 

10

1,151 

13.2

2,958 

12.3

356

10.7

1,798 

14.1

1,074 

9.8

2,214 

9.4

1,591 

9

913

9.6%

2,444

10.3%

3,084 

11.3

1,035 

9.1

100,000-

149,000

Total

% 4,562 

20.9

5,912 

24.6

9,870 

20

12,964 

14.1

1,582 

9.9

693 

15.8

4,758 

8.3

854 

9.8

3,992 

16.6

445

13.4

2,601 

20.4

822 

7.5

2,450 

10.4

1,839 

10.4

1,512

1539%

2,705

11.4%

3,248 

11.9

558 

4.9

150,000-

199,999

Total

% 3,231 

14.8

2,860 

11.9

3,849 

7.8

5,424 

5.9

432 

2.7

333 

7.6

1,376 

2.4

410 

4.7

1,948 

8.1

126

3.8

714 

5.6

197 

1.8

1,084 

4.6

548 

3.1

533

5.6%

1,376

5.8%

1,283 

4.7

148 

1.3

200,000 or 

more

Total

% 4,890 

22.4

2,836 

11.8

3,109 

6.3

3,953 

4.3

112 

0.7

105 

2.4

631 

1.1

645 

7.4

1,827 

7.6

96

2.9

689 

5.4

121 

1.1

1,319 

5.6

407 

2.3

1,436

15.1%

1,590

6.7%

737 

2.7

57 

0.5

Median 

Household 

Income $119,697 $97,222 $72,309 $58,979 $43,966 $64,188 $38,456 $51,390 $66,514 $46,070 $68,369 $40,627 $46,059 $41,696 $66,083 $53,701 $49,551 $36,124

Source: ACS 2012-2016, 5-year estimates
Table A-6. Family Income below Poverty

Geography Percent of Families Below Poverty

STATE

California 11.8

COUNTIES

Los Angeles 13.9

Orange 8.7

Riverside 12.8

San Bernardino 15.4

CITIES

Los Angeles 17.2

Vernon 46.7

Bell 21.6

Commerce 13.6

Montebello 10.9

Pico Rivera 9.7

Santa Fe Springs 9.3

Norwalk 11.0

La Mirada 4.6

Buena Park 10.1

Fullerton 9.5

Anaheim 13.2

Placentia 6.3

Yorba Linda 2.8

Chino Hills 5.6

Corona 9.1
Geography Percent of Families Below Poverty

Riverside 12.8

Colton 17.5

Grand Terrace 5.2

San Bernardino 28.1

Loma Linda 14.8

Redlands 9.0

Calimesa 10.0

Beaumont 8.6

Banning 17.5

Palm Springs 13.9

Cathedral City 17.6

Rancho Mirage 6.3

Palm Desert 9.2

Indio 14.0

Coachella 26.6

Source: California State Data Center 2016a
Table A-7. Limited English Proficiency

Geography Population 5 Years and Over

Percent of Population 5 years 

and Older That Speaks English 

“Less Than Very Well”

STATE

California 36,154,645 18.6

COUNTIES

Los Angeles 9,421,033 24.9

Orange 2,942,677 20.2

Riverside 2,166,330 15.0

San Bernardino 1,952,366 15.7

CITIES AND TOWNS

Los Angeles 3,672,082 27.0

Vernon 95 7.4

Bell 32,928 41.0

Commerce 12,054 31.5

Montebello 59,241 29.9

Pico Rivera 59,367 27.4

Santa Fe Springs 16,334 19.3

Norwalk 99,396 29.2

La Mirada 46,538 15.2

Buena Park 76,940 32.7

Fullerton 131,260 21.7

Anaheim 321,795 26.9

Placentia 48,918 16.0

Yorba Linda 63,970 8.2

Chino Hills 73,036 12.8

Corona 150,932 13.5
Geography Population 5 Years and Over

Percent of Population 5 years 

and Older That Speaks English 

“Less Than Very Well”

Riverside 297,502 15.0

Colton 48,889 18.6

Grand Terrace 11,943 8.2

San Bernardino 196,168 21.6

Loma Linda 22,091 17.0

Redlands 65,543 6.5

Calimesa 8,170 5.7

Beaumont 38,776 9.5

Banning 28,756 11.8

Palm Springs 45,072 10.0

Cathedral City 49,717 21.9

Rancho Mirage 17,666 3.8

Palm Desert 49,014 8.3

Indio 79,317 24.0

Coachella 39,970 47.1

Source: California State Data Center 2016b
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program 

Socioeconomics Technical Memorandum

Appendix B. Socioeconomics Conditions Maps 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program 

Socioeconomics Technical Memorandum

This page is intentionally blank.
Figure B-1: Community Facilities, Sheet 1
Figure B-1: Community Facilities, Sheet 2
Figure B-1: Community Facilities, Sheet 3
Figure B-1: Community Facilities, Sheet 4
Figure B-1: Community Facilities, Sheet 5
Figure B-1: Community Facilities, Sheet 6
Figure B-1: Community Facilities, Sheet 7
Figure B-2: Race and Ethnicity, Sheet 1
Figure B-2: Race and Ethnicity, Sheet 2
Figure B-2: Race and Ethnicity, Sheet 3
Figure B-2: Race and Ethnicity, Sheet 4
Figure B-3: Minority Population
Figure B-4: Median Household Income
Figure B-5: Households below Poverty
Figure B-6: Limited English Proficiency
This page is intentionally blank.