Appendix E

Field Studies Report
CHICAGO TO ST. LOUIS HIGH SPEED RAIL PROJECT 

TIER 3 – LINCOLN TO AUBURN, ILLINOIS

REPORT OF FALL FIELD STUDIES

UNION PACIFIC MILE POSTS 147.00 TO 203.00

LOGAN AND SANGAMON COUNTIES

JUNE 2013

SITE LOCATION

LOGAN AND SANGAMON COUNTIES
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................4

2.0 METHODS ...............................................................................................................................4

3.0 COVER TYPE...........................................................................................................................5

3.1 FOREST COVER TYPE.......................................................................................5

3.1.1 FOREST AT PANTHER CREEK (MILE POST 197.57-198.06) ......................6

3.1.2 FOREST AT LAKE SPRINGFIELD BRIDGE (MILE POST 191.73-192.76)..7

3.1.3 FOREST AT WOODSIDE ROAD (MILE POST 190.72-191.06).....................8

3.1.4 FOREST AT INTERURBAN AVENUE (MILE POST 181.59-181.96) ...........8

3.1.5 FOREST AT SANGAMON RIVER UPLANDS (MILE POST 179.64-180.83) 

................................................................................................................................9

3.1.6 FOREST IN SHERMAN, IL (MILE POST 177.68-177.79).............................10

3.1.7 FOREST NORTH OF SHERMAN, IL (MILE POST 176.17-176.45) ............10

3.1.8 FOREST SOUTH OF WILLIAMSVILLE, IL (MILE POST 175.12-175.33)..11

3.1.9 FOREST AT OLD ROUTE 66/BUSINESS 55/COUNTY ROAD 1000E 

JUNCTION (MILE POST 159.90-159.95)........................................................11

3.2 SHRUBLAND COVER TYPE ..........................................................................12

3.3 HEDGEROW COVER TYPE............................................................................12

3.4 GRASSLAND COVER TYPE...........................................................................14

3.4.1 PRAIRIE REMNANT 1.....................................................................................14

3.4.2 PRAIRIE REMNANT 2.....................................................................................15

3.5 FORBLAND COVER TYPE..............................................................................15

3.6 AGRICULTURAL LAND COVER TYPE.......................................................15

3.7 DEVELOPED LAND COVER TYPE...............................................................16

4.0 ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES.............................................................16

4.1 FEDERALLY THREATENED PLANT SPECIES ..........................................16

4.1.1 EASTERN PRAIRIE FRINGED ORCHID......................................................16

4.2 FEDERALLY ENDANGERED ANIMAL SPECIES......................................17

4.2.1 INDIANA BAT ..................................................................................................17

4.2.2 SHEEPNOSE MUSSEL .....................................................................................18

4.3 STATE LISTED SPECIES..................................................................................19

4.3.1 AURICULATE FALSE-FOXGLOVE...............................................................19

5.0 WATER QUALITY................................................................................................................19

5.1 METHODS..........................................................................................................20

5.2 DISCUSSION .....................................................................................................20

5.3 STREAMS ...........................................................................................................20

5.3.1 KICKAPOO CREEK (MILE POST 149.48).....................................................20

5.3.2 BRAINARDS BROOK (MILE POST 152.70)..................................................21

5.3.3 SALT CREEK......................................................................................................21
3

5.3.4 UNNAMED TRIBUTARY OF SALT CREEK (MILE POST 159.49)............21

5.3.5 WOLF CREEK (MILE POST 171.08)...............................................................22

5.3.6 FANCY CREEK (MILE POST 176.43).............................................................22

5.3.7 UNNAMED TRIBUTARY OF FANCY CREEK (MILE POST 177.45) .......22

5.3.8 UNNAMED TRIBUTARY OF FANCY CREEK (MILE POST 177.81) .......23

5.3.9 UNNAMED TRIBUTARY OF FANCY CREEK (MILE POST 179.12) .......23

5.3.10 SANGAMON RIVER (MILE POST 180.08) ...................................................23

5.3.11 UNNAMED TRIBUTARY OF SANGAMON RIVER (MILE POST 180.64) 

..............................................................................................................................24

5.3.12 UNNAMED TRIBUTARUY OF SANGAMON RIVER (MILE POST 181.91)

..............................................................................................................................24

5.3.13 PANTHER CREEK (MILE POST 197.43) .......................................................25

5.3.14 UNNAMED TRIBUTARY OF SUGAR CREEK (MILE POST 200.15)........25

5.3.15 UNNAMED TRIBUTARY OF SUGAR CREEK (MILE POST 201.62)........25

5.3.16 OTHER STRUCTURES INDICATED ON U.P. 30% PLANS OR ENVA 

CHART (MILE POST 147.00-203.00)...............................................................26

6.0 WETLANDS...........................................................................................................................26

6.1 WETLAND 1 (MILE POST 149.48-149.46).....................................................27

6.2 WETLAND 2 (MILE POST 158.29-158.27).....................................................27

6.3 WETLAND 3 (MILE POST 177.79) .................................................................28

6.4 WETLAND 4 (MILE POST 180.13-180.11 & 180.30-180.28).........................28

6.5 WETLAND 5 (MILE POST 198.64) .................................................................29

7.0 TABLES ..................................................................................................................................30

TABLE 1-FIELD SURVEY (OCTOBER 2-4, 2012).............................................................31

TABLE 2-PRAIRIE REMNANTS ........................................................................................41

TABLE 3-THREATENED & ENDANGERED SPECIES..................................................43

TABLE 4-WETLANDS .........................................................................................................45

8.0 APPENDICES........................................................................................................................47

APPENDIX A-REFERENCES..............................................................................................48

APPENDIX B-COVER TYPE MAP.....................................................................................51

APPENDIX C-OLSSON AND ASSOCIATES WETLAND DELINEATION REPORT 

..............................................................................................................................52
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1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Field surveys to identify potential natural resources were conducted in October and 

November of 2012 for a segment of the Chicago to St. Louis High Speed Rail (HSR) 

Project. The HSR segment is located between Lincoln and Auburn, Illinois and is 

identified by the Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) as the Tier 3 Improvement between 

UPRR Mile Posts 147.00 and 203.00. The project passes through Logan and Sangamon 

Counties. The field surveys were conducted for the entire Lincoln to Auburn route but 

focused on locations within new right-of-way or easement areas not previously 

surveyed or cleared through coordination with resource and regulatory agencies or 

addressed in the Chicago to St. Louis High Speed Rail Environmental Impact 

Statements and the 2004 Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) document. There are 

32 areas where right-of-way or access easements are proposed to be acquired. The Tier 3 

HSR segment is 56 miles in length.

Specific natural resources for which field surveys were conducted included

identification of cover types, potential habitats for listed threatened and endangered 

species, wetlands, and water quality at stream crossings. 

The City of Springfield (mile post 188-183.5) was not reviewed and is a gap in the study 

area. The City of Springfield is being considered in a separate study and therefore was 

not included in this assessment of natural resources or cover typing.

2.0 METHODS

Prior to conducting the natural resource field studies, numerous sources and references 

were consulted (see Appendix A for complete list of references). In order to maximize 

field work efficiency, previous HSR natural resource reports, dated 1999, and the 2003-

2004 High Speed Rail FONSI/EIS were reviewed for potential resources. The reports 

were compared against the 30% and 90% plans prepared by the UPRR between Lincoln 

and Auburn and an environmental survey boundary established through consultation 

with the Illinois Department of Transportation Bureau of Railroads. The 30% and 90% 

plans indicated areas where new rights-of-way or access permits will be acquired. The 

environmental survey limit (ESR) established a survey boundary, approximately 50 feet 

from centerline of existing UPRR mainline track. The ESR limits and the UPRR plans 

containing new rights-of-way, access permit areas, and aerial photography were 

provided to personnel performing the field surveys and used as a basis to record 

resources.
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The UPRR 30% and 90% plans, in conjunction with aerial imagery, were used to 

identify the various cover types that might be impacted by the project and identify 

potential habitats for sensitive natural resources through aerial photo interpretation. 

This work was done prior to visiting the field in order to prioritize field survey 

locations. The cover types were ground truthed during the field surveys. The field 

surveys spanned October 2nd – 4th, 2012 and were completed on November 14th, 2012. 

The following is a discussion of those field survey results.

3.0 COVER TYPE

Cover types within the study area (UPRR mile posts 147.00 to 203.00) consist of upland 

and wetland habitat. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service’s (USFWS) Ecological 

Services Manual cover type definitions were used to assess cover types along the 

Lincoln to Auburn (Tier 3) section of the high speed rail corridor. Cover types 

identified include; forest, shrubland, hedgerow, grassland, agricultural land, and 

developed land (Appendix B, Cover Type Map). The only Illinois upland cover type 

not identified was forbland. Wetland habitat was identified at five locations during the 

course of field reviews. These areas will be discussed further in the Wetlands Section of 

the document. Cover type was determined by aerial photography interpretation and 

verified using vegetation observed during field reviews conducted in October and 

November 2012 (Table 1- Field Survey).

In general, the dominant cover types along the corridor are hedgerow, developed land, 

grassland and shrubland. Developed land is dominant within nine urban areas; 

Lawndale, Lincoln, Broadwell, Elkhart, Williamsville, Sherman, the Springfield 

metropolitan area, Chatham, and Auburn. Hedgerow is dominant in two segments of 

the corridor, between mile posts 147.0 – 161.0 and mile posts 175.0 – 191.0. Grassland 

and shrubland are both found in greatest concentration between mile posts 161.0 to 

175.0. The remaining grassland, shrubland, developed land, and hedgerow along with 

forest, agricultural, and wetlands are intermittent throughout the length of the corridor.

3.1 Forest Cover Type

Forest accounts for 6.72% (46.0 acres) of the project cover type. Forest cover type 

consists of trees taller than 5m (16.5 ft.) and has a tree canopy cover of at least 25%. 

Within the 56 miles of the project, forest cover type is found in nine primary locations; 

Panther Creek, Lake Springfield bridge, Woodside Road, Interurban Avenue, 

Sangamon River uplands, Meredith Drive, Sherman, North of Sherman at I-55, south of 

Williamsville, and at the junctions of Old Route 66/Business 55/County Road 1000E.
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3.1.1 Forest at Panther Creek (Mile Post 197.57-198.06)

The forest located at Panther Creek is located immediately south of Ostermeier Road in 

Sangamon County. The forest is located on the west side of the UPRR right-of-way and 

sampling of tree and understory species was conducted in one area of the 2500 foot 

length of the larger tract of woods. Both the USFWS definition of forest cover type and 

the IDOT Tree Policy were used in the assessment of the forest areas. Per the IDOT 

Tree Policy, a tree has a diameter breast height (DBH) of 6 inches or greater. If smaller 

than 6 inches, the plant is considered a shrub.

The forested area is bisected by Panther Creek, creating a southern portion consisting of 

66 percent of the forested area and a northern portion consisting of the other 33 percent. 

There is no right-of-way acquisition planned for this area, however, 0.25 acres of land is 

required for a temporary construction easement. The easement extends 1,300 feet north 

from Cherry Grove School Lane and extends 8.5 feet from edge of UPRR right-of-way to 

the west. Estimated canopy coverage is 40% for the area, with the exception of 0% 

canopy cover where a road was constructed approximately 150 feet from the UPRR 

right-of-way, extending from the Irwin Park Pavilion to Panther Creek.

Dominant tree species include hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) and wild black cherry 

(Prunus serotina) (Table 1- Field Survey). Occasional tree species include honey locust 

(Gleditsia triacanthos), black walnut (Juglans nigra), and shingle oak (Quercus imbricaria). 

One wild black cherry snag was located with the sample area. 

Dominant shrub species within Panther Creek forested area included Amur 

honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) at 75% coverage. Occasional species included young 

trees consisting of box elder (Acer negundo), sandbar willow (Salix interior), black willow 

(Salix nigra), and white mulberry (Morus alba). Both willow species were located in the 

vicinity of the clearing for the road.

Dominant herbaceous vegetation within the sample tract included garlic mustard 

(Alliaria petiolata), Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii), and white snakeroot (Ageratina

altissima). Occasional species included pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.), giant 

ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), purpletop (Tridens flavus cupreus), 

prairie sunflower (Helianthus pauciflorus), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and awnless 

barnyard grass (Echinochloa muricata wiegandii).

Based upon data gathered for the sampling transect, this is a young forested area 

consisting of five dominant species. Tree composition of dominant species included 

hackberry and wild black cherry, totaling 54.55% of the total tree species for the 
7

Panther Creek forested area. A total of 11 trees were documented, resulting in an 

average diameter breast height of 17.09 inches. Canopy enclosure is approximately 40%, 

allowing for establishment of young trees and herbs typical of grassland environments 

to become established. Overall canopy height is estimated to be 20 feet from ground 

level.

3.1.2 Forest at Lake Springfield Bridge ( Mile Post 191.73 – 192.76)

The forest area located north and south of the UPRR Lake Springfield crossing is 

located between Woodside Road south of Springfield, Illinois and north of Chatham, 

Illinois in Sangamon County. The forest is located on the east and west sides of UPRR 

right-of-way, between mile post 191.73 and 192.76. The forested area was identified 

within the Environmental Survey Request limits provided by the IDOT and verified 

during field observations. No right-of-way acquisitions or temporary/permanent 

easements are required at this location. Along the tracks, in the northeast portion of the 

forested area, two sample transects were established due to accessibility issues to the 

forested area in other locations. One transect measured 200’x50’ and the other was 

100’x 100’, both located at the northern limit of the project along the east side of the 

tracks.

The 200’x 50’ transect contained green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and wild black 

cherry as the dominant tree species. Occasional tree species included black walnut, 

white oak (Quercus alba)and shingle oak. Two snags were present within the sample 

transect but were not identifiable to species. Dominant shrubs included young trees 

consisting of black oak (Quercus velutina), white oak, bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), 

shingle oak, poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), slippery elm (Ulmus rubra), multiflora 

rose (Rosa multiflora), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), red bud (Cercis canadensis) and 

shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa). Herbaceous strata included poison ivy, white 

snakeroot, lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor) and showy goldenrod (Solidago speciosa).

The 100’ x 100’transect contained wild black cherry and slippery elm as the dominant 

tree species. Occasional tree species included sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and shingle 

oak. The shrub strata included Amur honeysuckle, young slippery elm, young 

hackberry and multiflora rose. Herb strata contained white snakeroot as the dominant 

species.

Based upon data gathered for the two sampling transects, this is a young forested area 

consisting of two dominant species. Tree composition of dominant species included 

green ash and wild black cherry, totaling 56.25% of the total tree species for the Lake 
8

Springfield Bridge Crossing forested area. A total of 32 trees were documented, 

resulting in an average diameter breast height of 13.10 inches. Canopy enclosure is 

approximately 50%, allowing for establishment of young trees along with shrub/vine 

growth forms of poison ivy. Overall canopy height is estimated to be 25 feet from 

ground level.

3.1.3 Forest at Woodside Road (Mile Post 190.72 – 191.06)

The forest area is located immediately north of Woodside Road in Sangamon County. 

The forest is located on the east side of the UPRR right-of-way and sampling of tree and 

understory species was conducted in one area of the 1,600 foot length of the larger tract 

of woods. 

The forested area was identified within the Environmental Survey Request limits 

provided by the IDOT and verified during field reviews. No right-of-way acquisitions 

or temporary/permanent easements are required at this location. The 100’ x 100’ 

sampling transect was located in the central portion of the forested area.

This area is unique compared to other forested areas within Tier 3 due to the tree 

composition and size. Within a 100’ x 100’sampling transect, there were 90 cherry trees 

in the 3 - 4 inch DBH range, with an occasional 6 inch DBH specimen. Silver maple 

(Acer saccharinum) was an occasional tree species (18 specimens) but all were 5” – 6” 

DBH. No other tree species were observed. The shrub layer was honeysuckle with no 

other shrubs present. An herbaceous stratum was not present at the location, likely due 

to limited light penetrating the canopies of the tree and shrub stratum.

The abundance of small wild black cherry and silver maple trees indicated this area was 

recently disturbed and allowed to revegetate. Even though the majority of the trees in 

this area do not meet the IDOT definition of a tree (greater than 6 inch DBH), the area is 

included within forest cover type due to stem count of young cherry trees and the 

canopy cover of 80%.

3.1.4 Forest at Interurban Avenue ( Mile Post 181.59 – 181.96)

The forest area is located in the vicinity of the southern terminus of Interurban Avenue 

located in the north end of the Springfield metropolitan area within Sangamon County. 

Forest is located on both the east and west sides of the track. Two 100’ x 100’sampling 

transects were used to assess the forest, one on each side of the rail. 1.16 acres of land is 

proposed for additional right-of-way acquisition within the Ridgley siding on the west 

side of the tracks in this location.
9

The forested area is bisected by the UPRR right-of-way, creating western and eastern 

portions of forested land, with the bulk of the forest cover type located on the west side 

of the track. Estimated canopy coverage is 60% for the area on both sides of the tracks.

Dominant tree species include black cherry, slippery elm and green ash (Table 1, Field 

Observations). Occasional tree species include black walnut, shingle oak, hackberry, 

shellbark hickory, black oak, bur oak, chinquapin oak (Quercus muehlengergii), slippery 

elm, tree of heaven (Alianthus altissima), and box elder. No snags were located within 

the sample areas. 

Dominant shrub species included young trees consisting of box elder, hackberry, young

oaks of various species, shellbark hickory, black cherry, and Amur honeysuckle.

Dominant herbaceous vegetation included garlic mustard, Virginia creeper

(Parthenocissus quinquefolia), white snakeroot, common blue violet (Viola sororia sororia), 

and bristly greenbrier (Smilax hispida) on both the east and west side of the tracks. 

Poison ivy and riverbank grape (Vitis riparia) were two additional species found on the 

west side of the tracks.

Based upon data gathered for the sampling transects, this is a young forested area 

consisting of three dominant species. Tree composition of dominant species included 

wild black cherry, slippery elm and green ash, totaling 69.23% of the total tree species 

for the forested area north of Springfield. A total of 39 trees were documented, 

resulting in an average diameter breast height of 11.79 inches. Canopy enclosure is 

approximately 60%, allowing for establishment of young trees and vining vegetation 

such as Virginia creeper and poison ivy to become established. Overall canopy height 

is estimated to be 28 feet from ground level.

3.1.5 Forest in Sangamon River Uplands (179.64 – 180.83)

The forest area is located between Dirksen Parkway (north end of Springfield, IL) and 

Meredith Drive (south end of Sherman, IL) within Sangamon County. Forest is located 

on both the east and west sides of the track. Two 100’ x 100’sampling transects, both 

located on the west side of the tracks, were used to assess the forest. The forested area 

was identified within the Environmental Survey Request limits provided by the IDOT 

and verified during field reviews. No right-of-way acquisitions or 

temporary/permanent easements are required at this location. This overall length of 

forest is intermixed with limited hedgerow and developed land.
10

Dominant tree species include hackberry and wild black cherry (Table 1, Field 

Observations). Occasional tree species include black oak, white mulberry and box 

elder. No snags were located within the sample areas. 

Dominant shrub species included dense Amur honeysuckle with 70% coverage. 

Herbaceous layer consisted of white snakeroot.

Based upon data gathered for the sampling transects, this is a young forested area 

consisting of two dominant species. Tree composition of dominant species included 

hackberry and wild black cherry, totaling 76.47% of the total tree species for the forested 

area north of Springfield. A total of 17 trees were documented, resulting in an average 

diameter breast height of 10.74 inches. Canopy enclosure is approximately 50%. Overall 

canopy height is estimated to be 28 feet from ground level.

3.1.6 Forest in Sherman, IL ( Mile Post 177.68 – 177.79)

This forested area in Sherman, IL, Sangamon County, north of Andrew Road is a small, 

600 foot span of timber. The forested area was identified within the Environmental 

Survey Request limits provided by the IDOT and verified during field reviews. No 

right-of-way acquisitions or temporary/permanent easements are required at this 

location.

One 100’ x 100’ sample transect was used to assess the vegetation for the area. 

Dominant trees included pin oak (Quercus palustris), shingle oak, green ash and Osage 

orange (Maclura pomifera), with an average DBH of 21.75 inches. Shrub strata included 

Amur honeysuckle, white mulberry, green ash, and blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis). 

Herbaceous strata included poison ivy, white snakeroot, and Canadian goldenrod

(Solidago canadensis). 

Based on average DBH of the trees and the shrub and herbaceous stratum, this area is a 

relatively young forested area that was previously disturbed.

3.1.7 Forest North of Sherman, IL (Mile Post 176.17 – 176.45)

The forested area is located north of Wolf Creek Road and south of the Business 

55/Interstate 55 junction, north of Sherman, IL, Sangamon County. The forest area 

spans 1,350 feet along the UPRR right-of-way on the east side of the tracks. The forested 

area was identified within the Environmental Survey Request limits provided by the 

IDOT and verified during field reviews. No right-of-way acquisitions or 

temporary/permanent easements are required at this location. 
11

Dominant tree species include box elder, silver maple, slippery elm, green ash, and 

black walnut. Shrub strata was composed of Amur honeysuckle and smooth sumac

(Rhus glabra). Herbaceous strata included prickly gooseberry (Ribes cynosbati), poison 

ivy and fescue (Festuca spp.) at the forest edge.

3.1.8 Forest South of Williamsville (Mile Post 175.12 – 175.33)

The forested area is located south of the Village of Williamsville in an area that was 

previously associated with coal mining. As such, this is a highly disturbed area with 

coal mining by-product and structure foundation remnants scattered throughout the 

area. Within the piles of material and foundation rubble, volunteer trees have become 

established to create a small forested area along the east side of the UPRR right-of-way. 

The forested area was identified within the Environmental Survey Request limits 

provided by the IDOT and verified during field reviews. No right-of-way acquisitions 

or temporary/permanent easements are required at this location. 

Cottonwood, wild black cherry, and green ash are the dominant species with occasional 

hackberry. The average tree DBH for the area is 16.55 inches. Amur honeysuckle was 

the dominant shrub. Herbaceous layer was composed of giant ragweed (Ambrosia 

trifida), poison ivy, white snakeroot, and Canadian goldenrod.

The dominant tree, shrub, and herbaceous species are typical for vegetation found in 

disturbed habitats. The trees are fairly young, likely growing in the location since 

mining operations ceased.

3.1.9 Forest at Old Route 66/Business 55/County Road 1000E Junction (Mile Post 159.90 

– 159.95)

The forested area is an isolated patch of timber, 250 feet in length, along the east side of 

the tracks south of Lincoln, Illinois in Logan County. The forested area was identified 

within the Environmental Survey Request limits provided by the IDOT and verified 

during field reviews. No right-of-way acquisitions or temporary/permanent easements 

are required at this location. 

Vegetation is composed of the same species observed in the adjacent hedgerow cover 

types. Trees include green ash, black walnut, wild black cherry and hackberry. 

Average DBH for the forested area is 13.69 inches. The shrub layer is dominated by 

honeysuckle with occasional young trees consisting of wild black cherry, hackberry, 

black walnut, and green ash. Herbaceous layer consists of Canadian goldenrod, 

creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea), frost aster (Aster pilosus), poison hemlock (Conium 
12

maculatum), common teasel (Dipsacus follunum), English plantain (Plantago lanceolata), 

garlic mustard, and occasional fescue.

3.2 Shrubland Cover Type

Shrubland accounts for 13.87% (95.0 acres) of the project cover type, with approximately 

83.62% located north of Springfield, IL and 16.37% located south of Springfield, IL. 

Shrubland cover type consists of shrubs and trees shorter than 5m (16.5 ft.) and has a 

shrub canopy cover of at least 25%. Within the 56 miles of the project, shrubland cover 

type is found throughout the project limits but is more common north of Springfield. 

Approximately 16 miles of the corridor (both sides of the right-of-way) was shrubland.

The shrubland is located on UPRR right-of-way from edge of ballast to the backslope of 

the roadside ditch on IDOT right-of-way or to the railside ditches where agricultural 

cover type begins. 

Typical shrubland species found within the limits of Tier 3 for Chicago to St. Louis High 

Speed Rail included limited numbers of trees including American elm, slippery elm, 

cottonwood (Populus deltoides), and hackberry. The shrub vegetation included young 

slippery elm, autumn olive (Elaegnus umbellate), young cottonwood, young hackberry, 

young white mulberry, and Amur honeysuckle. Herbaceous vegetation included 

Canadian goldenrod, common milkweed (Ascelpias syriaca), giant ragweed, blackberry, 

and poison ivy. Some shrubland included limited prairie dock (Silphium 

terebinthinaceum).

3.3 Hedgerow Cover Type

Hedgerow cover type consists of a linear growth of shrubs and sparse tree species, 

typically separating two or more cover types. A hedgerow consists of landscape, 

volunteer, or a combination or landscape and volunteer species. Hedgerow is common 

along transportation rights-of-way, accounting for 42.92% (294.0 acres) of the project 

cover type. 

Hedgerow, one of the four dominant cover types, is found throughout the 56 miles of 

the Lincoln to Auburn section of the high speed rail corridor, except for areas where it is 

replaced by other cover types such as grassland, wetland, shrubland, and forest. 

Throughout the project limits, hedgerow cover type is fairly common. Of the total 39.75 

miles of hedgerow for the entire Tier 3 span (both sides of right-of-way), 10.42 miles 

(26.2%) is located south of Springfield. The remaining 29.33 miles (73.8%) are located 

north of Springfield.
13

Dominant tree species include hackberry (16.08”DBH), wild black cherry (10.21”DBH), 

black walnut (11.75” DBH), silver maple (18.4”DBH), black locust (9.5”DBH) and green 

ash (9.33”DBH). The most common ornamental tree species include Bradford pear

(Pyrus calleryana) and apple (Malus pumila) fruit trees. Occasional tree species common 

throughout the project limits include box elder, Osage orange, American elm, white 

mulberry, black willow, sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), shingle oak, tree of heaven, 

slippery elm, black oak, bur oak, pin oak, and cottonwood.

The most common shrub layer vegetation included honeysuckle, smooth sumac, 

blackberry, young white mulberry, young green ash, multiflora rose, and young 

hackberry. Occasional shrub layer species include black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), 

cottonwood, gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa), black walnut, American elm (Ulmus 

americana), wild black cherry, tree of heaven, box elder, poison ivy, sassafras, shingle 

oak, and autumn olive.

Dominant herbaceous plants include poison ivy, fescues, Canadian goldenrod, frost 

aster, white snakeroot, riverbank grape, giant ragweed, and garlic mustard. Occasional 

herbaceous species include Virginia creeper, wild iris (Iris virginica), prickly gooseberry, 

giant foxtail, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), common hops (Humulus lupulus), 

Amur honeysuckle, field goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis), poison hemlock, Kentucky 

bluegrass (Poa pratensis), trumpet vine (Campsis radicans), common ragweed (Ambrosia 

artemisiifolia), prairie dock, pokeweed, mullein (Verbascum thapsus), wild yam (Dioscorea 

villosa), catnip (Nepeta cataria), black mustard (Brassica nigra), smooth brome (Bromis 

inermis), hairy woodland brome (Bromus pubescens), creeping smartweed (Persicaria 

cespitosa), chicory (Cichorium intybus), crown vetch (Coronilla varia), smooth sumac, 

common teasel, bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare), horseweed (Conyza canadensis), English

plantain, giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea), scouring rush (Equisetum hyemale affine), 

evening campion (Silene pratensis), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), bristly greenbrier, 

and creeping Charlie.

The hedgerow is composed of younger trees (average 12.55” DBH) which grew 

voluntarily along UPRR right-of-way beyond the edge of ballast where regular 

vegetation control is implemented by the railroad. Also, hedgerow is common along 

drainage ditches running parallel to UPRR right-of-way and roads running parallel to 

the tracks where regular mowing is not possible.
14

3.4 Grassland Cover Type

Grassland accounts for 16.20% (111.0 acres) of the project cover type, found throughout 

the 56 mile long project limits. South of Springfield, 4.5 miles (25.78%) of grassland 

cover type is found on both sides of UPRR right-of-way. North of Springfield contains 

12.95 miles (74.22%) of grassland cover type on both sides of the UPRR right-of-way. 

Grassland cover type consists of a canopy cover of all vegetation of at least 25% and is 

dominated by non-woody plants, dominated by grass, both native and introduced 

species, including tall grass prairie and limited forbs. Two prairie areas were identified 

north of Springfield, IL during the course of field reviews (Table 2 Prairie Remnants).

Dominant grassland species include cone flower, common milkweed, New England 

aster (Aster novae-angliae), prairie sunflower, fescue species, Canadian goldenrod, crown 

vetch, frost aster, Queen Anne’s lace (Daucus carota), prairie dock, giant ragweed, big 

bluestem (Andropogon geradii), Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutrans), and common teasel. 

Occasional species include ironweed (Vernonia gigantean), purpletop, riverbank grape, 

chicory, poison hemlock, garlic mustard, wild parsnips (Pastinaca sativa), white 

snakeroot, sawtooth sunflower (Helianthus grosseserratus), aromatic aster (Aster 

oblongifolius), common ragweed, red clover (Trifolium pretense), heath aster (Aster 

ericoides), Missouri goldenrod (Solidago missouriensis), stiff goldenrod (Oligoneuron 

rigidum), common hops, and poison ivy.

Occasional tree species observed included hackberry, white mulberry, and American 

elm. Occasional shrub species included smooth sumac, young American elm, young 

hackberry, red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), young wild black cherry, honey locust, 

blackberry, young black walnut, autumn olive, Amur honeysuckle, multiflora rose, and 

Missouri gooseberry (Ribes missouriense).

3.4.1 Prairie Remnant 1

Prairie 1 is located one mile north of Broadwell, between US Route 66 and the UPRR 

tracks between MP 162.09 and 162.02. This prairie remnant was identified in field 

surveys and is near the northern limit of a prairie remnant identified in the 2003 Illinois 

Natural History Survey (INHS) report titled Inventory of Roadside Prairies, Illinois 

Department of Transportation, District 6 prepared by William Handel. The 700 foot long 

prairie remnant contained native species such as New England aster, heath aster, 

Missouri goldenrod, purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) and prairie dock. Invasive 

species including fescue grass and common teasel were also common in the prairie 

remnant. It is a highly degraded prairie, estimated to be a “D” grade. 
15

3.4.2 Prairie Remnant 2

Prairie 2 is located between Williamsville and Sherman from MP 174.95 to 174.85. The 

prairie remnant is east of the UPRR tracks and north of an abandoned mine head shaft 

and an area used to stockpile coal production by-products. This prairie remnant was 

identified in field surveys and is within the limit of a prairie remnant identified in the

2003 Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) report prepared by William Handel, titled 

Inventory of Roadside Prairies, Illinois Department of Transportation, District 6. The 500 foot 

long prairie remnant contained native species including Indian grass, purple 

coneflower, common milkweed, big bluestem, ironweed, purple top, New England 

aster and prairie sunflower. Invasive species including fescue grasses, brome grasses, 

Queen Anne’s lace and common teasel were also common in the prairie remnant. It is a 

highly degraded prairie, estimated to be a “D” grade. 

3.5 Forbland Cover Type

Forbland cover type consists of a canopy cover of all vegetation of at least 25% and is 

dominated by nonwoody plants, dominated by herbaceous species other than grasses. 

This cover type may include weedy fields, old fields, and other areas in early 

successional stages, accounting for 0% of the project. For purposes of this report, the 

highest numbers of forbes are located in prairie remnants and grass-dominated cover 

types. When a significant number of a forb species were identified, they were included 

with grassland cover type since they were not the dominant type of plant species.

3.6 Agricultural Land Cover Type

Agricultural land accounts for 1.46% (10.0 acres) of the cover type area, the smallest 

cover type for the project. Agricultural land consists of lands that are periodically 

plowed and planted, mowed for hay at least once per year, or support buildings or 

other man-made structures directly supporting agricultural activities. Orchards, 

vineyards, cropland, and pasture and hayland are possible land use types considered 

agriculture. 

Agricultural land is only found south of Springfield, IL. The primary agricultural 

practice along the intermittent 2.76 miles (both sides of UPRR right-of-way) consists of 

row crop (corn and soybean) cultivation.
16

3.7 Developed Land Cover Type

Developed land accounts for 18.83% (129.0 acres) of the project cover type, with 

approximately 66% of the acreage located predominately in and around the nine urban 

areas of Lawndale, Lincoln, Broadwell, Elkhart, Williamsville, Sherman, the Springfield 

metropolitan area, Chatham, and Auburn.. Outside of the nine urban areas along the 

route, developed land is intermittent and accounts for approximately 33% of Developed 

Land. Developed Land cover type consists of mining areas, urban, and built-up land. 

Mining areas are classified as lands used for mineral extraction or recently abandoned, 

previously serving mining purposes. Urban and built-up land is “comprised of areas of 

intensive use with much of the land covered by structures”. The only types of 

developed land present along the Lincoln to Auburn high speed rail corridor are urban 

and built-up land.

4.0 ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES

The USFWS Illinois County Distribution list for Federally Endangered and Threatened 

Species was consulted to obtain a listing of species occurring in Logan and Sangamon

counties. An Ecological Compliance Assessment Tool (EcoCat) was submitted to the 

Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) Natural Heritage Database on 

September 28, 2012, to identify potential State listed Endangered and Threatened 

Species as well as Illinois Natural Areas and Illinois Nature Preserves within the study 

area. Through this consultation with the USFWS and the IDNR, a list of federal and 

state species potentially occurring within the study limits was developed (Table 3-

Threatened and Endangered Species). Habitat requirements were researched and 

potential habitats identified in the field. Three plant and animal species are federally

listed and one plant is a State listed species. 

4.1 FEDERALLY THREATENED PLANT SPECIES

Only one USFW listed threatened plant species is found within Logan and Sangamon 

counties. It has the potential to occur within the limits of the high speed rail project due 

to adequate habitat within the limits of the study area.

4.1.1 EASTERN PRAIRIE FRINGED ORCHID (Platanthera leucophaea)

The USFWS lists the Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid as threatened in Logan and 

Sangamon counties. The orchid can occur in a wide variety of habitats, from mesic 

prairie to wetlands, such as sedge meadows and the edges of marshes. The plant 

requires full sun for optimum growth along with a grass habitat with little woody 
17

encroachment. Platanthera flowers from June to early July. The proposed right-of-way 

and easement areas were surveyed in September 2012, past the orchids flowering time. 

The 2003 Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) report titled Inventory of Roadside Prairies, 

Illinois Department of Transportation, District 6 prepared by William Handel did not identify 

Platanthera in any of the wetlands or prairie remnants along the project limits in Logan 

and Sangamon counties. The prairie remnants identified during field surveys contain

dry soils and do not contain the mesic to wet soils the species requires to survive. The 

plant is unlikely to occur within the project study limits.

4.2 FEDERALLY ENDANGERED ANIMAL SPECIES

Two USFW listed endangered animal species are found within Logan and Sangamon 

counties. These species have the potential to occur within the limits of the high speed 

rail project due to adequate habitat within the limits of the study area.

4.2.1 INDIANA BAT (Myotis sodalis)

The USFWS lists the Indiana bat as endangered in Logan and Sangamon. The Indiana 

bat spends summer months in hardwood forests. The bats hibernate in specific 

hibernacula during winter months. Studies indicate the bats arrive at hibernacula from 

summer roosting sites in late August or September. The Indiana bats hibernation period 

can vary from October to April or September to May, depending on location within 

their range. Females emerge from hibernation and arrive at summer locations beginning 

in mid-April. The females form nursery colonies with other females during the summer 

months. The bats utilize a variety of tree species for roosting and rearing young in 

forests. Primary roosts consist of snags within the forest gaps, forest edge and /or trees 

with exfoliating bark such as shagbark hickory or eastern cottonwood; although bats 

can use many other tree species such as ashes, maples and oak species. Indiana bats

forage for insects in the forested areas, forested edges near old fields, or along primary 

or secondary streams with 50% - 70% canopy closure. Indiana bats have been 

documented to forage under or around the tree canopy at heights ranging from 7 to 30 

feet. 

Proposed right-of-way areas containing sections of forest cover type were examined to 

determine if the woods contained potential Indiana bat habitat for foraging or roosting. 

Three forested tracts within the project corridor are potential Indiana bat habitats. The 

following is a discussion of the wooded locations; the forested area north of Cherry 

Grove School Lane and Irwin Park Pavilion, west of the tracks at MP 198.00 to 197.71 in 

Sangamon County, Illinois, the forested area east of Riverside Park in Springfield, IL, 
18

west side of UPRR tracks from MP 180.13 to MP180.11 and the forested area northeast 

of Edgar Madigan State Park in Logan County, southeast side of UPRR tracks from MP 

158.29 to 158.27.

The sample wooded area from MP 198.00 to 197.71 is part of a larger tract of timber. 

Dominant species include hackberry, black cherry and shagbark hickory (Carya ovate). 

Hollows were common on many of the trees. The canopy consists of 40 percent 

coverage at a height of 20 – 30 feet. An open stream, Panther Creek, is located 200 feet 

west of the wooded area and the understory is predominantly open. This area of 

woods appears to have the potential to accommodate Indiana bats due to the size of the 

trees, tree species composition, open understory, canopy cover and the areas proximity 

to a secondary stream.

The sample wooded area from MP 180.13 to 180.11 is a part of a larger tract of timber. 

Dominant tree species in this wooded area consist of silver maples, cottonwood, black 

oak, hackberry and white mulberry. The Sangamon River flows under the tracks 

adjacent to this location. The canopy consists of 60% - 70% coverage at a height of

between 25 - 30 feet above the forest floors. The understory is predominantly open. 

This area of woods appears to have the potential to accommodate Indiana bats due to 

the size of the trees, tree species composition, open understory, canopy cover and the 

areas proximity to a primary stream.

The sample wooded area from MP 158.29 to MP 158.27 is part of a larger tract of timber. 

Dominant tree species in this wooded area consists of silver maples, slippery elms, boxelder, black walnut, cottonwood and various unidentified snags. The Salt Creek flows 

under the tracks adjacent to this location. The canopy consists of 50% – 60% coverage at 

a height of 20 to 30 feet. The understory is predominantly open. This area of woods 

appears to have the potential to accommodate Indiana bats due to the size of the trees, 

tree species composition, open understory, canopy cover and the areas proximity to a 

secondary stream

4.2.2 SHEEPNOSE MUSSEL (Plethobasus cyphus)

The USFW list the sheepnose mussel as endangered in Sangamon County. The 

sheepnose mussel is a freshwater mussel found across the Midwest and Southwest. It is 

a medium size mussel growing to 5 inches in length, with a thick, oval or oblong shell. 

Sheepnose mussels require medium to large rivers with a gravel or mixed sand and gravel 

substrate.
19

The UPPR tracks cross the Sangamon River at MP 180.07. It is a medium size river with 

moderate flow. This section of the Sangamon River contained exposed sandbars and 

was located downstream from limestone rock outcrops. These features indicate that the 

river may have a sand or sand and gravel substrate. No sheepnose mussels were 

positively identified in this section of the river, although there was evidence of other 

mussel species due to shell fragments along the river edge. This area of the Sangamon 

River appears to have the potential to accommodate sheepnose mussels due to the size 

of the river and the likelihood of a sand or sand and gravel substrate. 

4.3 STATE LISTED SPECIES

A request for information about State listed species and Illinois Natural Area Inventory 

(INAI)/Illinois Nature Preserve (INP) locations within the project study limits in Logan 

and Sangamon counties was submitted to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources 

Natural Heritage Database on September 28, 2012. The request was submitted through 

the IDNR EcoCat process. The EcoCat response identified no State listed plant or 

animal species that might occur in the vicinity of the project. 

However, the IDNR Natural Resource Assessment – High Speed Rail Corridor – Map 37

identified the auriculate false-foxglove (Tomanthera auriculata) as being within the 

project corridor.

4.3.1 AURICULATE FALSE-FOXGLOVE (Tomanthera auriculata)

The IDNR lists the auriculate false-fox-glove as a threatened species in Logan County, Illinois. 

Auriculate false-foxglove prefers full or partial sun and mesic conditions in rich, loamy soil. The 

root system consists of a central taproot and secondary roots, which are often parasitic on the 

roots of other plants, particularly Aster spp. Blooming period begins in late summer and last 

about three weeks.

The IDNR database has a single species occurrence record for auriculate false-foxglove

from August 8, 1957 in Logan County, Illinois. This species was not recorded in the 

railroad right-of-way or easement areas during this survey. 

5.0 WATER QUALITY

Water conditions were visually assessed at stream crossings encountered by the UPRR 

right-of-way extending from north of Lincoln to Auburn, Illinois. Analytical testing for 

pollutants and microscopic analysis of water samples for algae identification was not 

conducted.
20

5.1 METHODS

Streams and water bodies were assessed visually for water quality, stream vegetation, 

and animal species. Sources of information utilized for the water quality field studies 

included the UPRR 30% plans, the ENVA list of culverts and bridges where culverts are 

proposed to be reconstructed, 7.5 minute United State Geological Survey (USGS) 

Quadrangle maps to identify named streams and their tributaries, the Final 

Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS), and Record of Decision (ROD). In all, a total of 

34 drainages or streams were site reviewed by the study team. Stream width 

measurements were taken from top of bank to top of bank. Water depth was measured 

were possible and estimated in inaccessible locations. Visual inspection of water 

quality included a visual assessment of the color of water for nutrient enrichment and 

oil sheens. 

5.2 DISCUSSION

Most of the drainages crossed by the UP HSR alignment within the limits of the 56 mile 

(MP 203.00-MP 147.00) study area are narrow and shallow. Very few named streams are

crossed by the alignment. The field studies were conducted in October and November 

of 2012. 

5.3 STREAMS

The streams crossed by the UPRR alignment are Kickapoo Creek, Brainards Brook, Salt 

Creek, Wolf Creek, Fancy Creek, Sangamon River, Panther Creek and seven unnamed 

tributaries. The following is a discussion of each of these water resources.

5.3.1 Kickapoo Creek (MP 149.48)

Kickapoo Creek crosses the alignment at MP 149.48 and was reviewed in the field. 

Kickapoo Creek is part of the Sangamon River watershed in Logan County, Illinois. The 

stream is entrenched 4 - 5 feet, with steep side slopes. Stream width was 45 feet. Water 

was present with a depth of 2 - 3 feet deep. Visual inspection of the water indicated a 

moderate sediment load. The stream bottom was composed of deposited sediment with 

some sand and rip-rap near the bridge abutments. No fish species were observed in the 

water.

Vegetation was present along the banks in this section of the creek. Tree species in this 

section of the creek was dominated by silver maple Other tree species present included 

green ash cottonwood, white mulberry, black willow, honey locust and hackberry. A 
21

sparse shrub layer was present consisting of white mulberry and silver maple saplings. 

Herbaceous vegetation consisted of reed canary grass, garlic mustard, common blue 

violet, white snakeroot, lady’s thumb smartweed, crowned beggarstick (Bidens coronata) 

and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). No sensitive plant species were identified.

5.3.2 Brainards Brook (MP 152.70)

Brainards Brook was field reviewed for water quality, stream attributes and vegetation 

where it crossed the UPRR tracks. Brainards Brook is part of the Sangamon River 

watershed in Logan County, Illinois. The brook is entrenched 2 feet and is 4 feet wide. 

Water was present at a depth of 6 inches. The water was clear, with a sediment bottom.

Vegetation was present at this section of the brook. Tree species present consisted of 

hackberry and eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). The shrub layer consisted of 

sandbar willow. The herbaceous layer was dominated by smooth brome and common 

teasel. No sensitive plant species were identified.

5.3.3 Salt Creek (MP 158.10)

Salt Creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream attributes and vegetation where 

it crossed the UPRR tracks. Salt Creek is part of the Sangamon River watershed in 

Logan County, Illinois. The creek is entrenched 2 - 3 feet and is 80 feet wide. Average 

depth of water is 10 inches, with occasional pools of 3 - 4 feet deep. Some nutrient 

enrichment was observed in green water near the shore, but the water was generally 

clear. Clear water was entering Salt Creek from a small tributary east of the UPRR 

tracks. The substrate consists of sand and gravel. Unidentified mussel shells were 

observed along the shoreline. 

Vegetation was sparse along the creek edge. Vegetation south of the stream edge was 

sampled. Silver maple was the dominate tree species, with an occasional slippery elm, 

black walnut, cottonwood, and unidentified snags. The shrub layer consisted of Amur 

honeysuckle and green ash and box elder saplings. The herbaceous layer consisted of 

garlic mustard, white snake root, creeping smartweed, poison ivy, bristly greenbrier, 

silky wild rye (Elymus villosus), Gray’s sedge (Carex grayi) and Kentucky bluegrass. No 

sensitive species were observed.

5.3.4 Unnamed Tributary of Salt Creek (MP 159.49)

This unnamed tributary of Salt creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream 

attributes and vegetation where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This tributary is part of the 
22

Sangamon River watershed in Logan County, Illinois. The creek is entrenched 2 feet 

and is 4-5 feet wide. Water was clear, stagnant and averaged 6 inches in depth with a 

sediment bottom. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included black willow and

black cherry. The shrub layer was dominated by Amur honeysuckle. The tree and 

shrub layer combined to form a dense canopy, shading out understory plants. No 

sensitive species were observed. 

5.3.5 Wolf Creek (MP 171.08)

The Wolf Creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream attributes and vegetation 

where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This tributary is part of the Sangamon River 

watershed in Logan County, Illinois. The creek is entrenched 1 foot and is 2 feet wide. 

Water within the creek was clear and flowing and averaged 4 - 6 inches in depth. The 

stream bottom is composed of with a sediment and a section of rip-rap near the track 

crossing. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included silver maple, green 

ash and white mulberry. The herbaceous layer was dominated by reed canary grass 

and smooth brome. Poison hemlock and common burdock (Arctium minus) were also 

common at this location. No sensitive species were observed. 

5.3.6 Fancy Creek (MP 176.43)

The Wolf Creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream attributes and vegetation 

where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This tributary is part of the Sangamon River 

watershed in Sangamon County, Illinois. The creek is entrenched 20 - 25 feet and is 20 

feet wide. Water was 2 - 3 feet deep with no evident nutrient enrichment and had a 

moderate sediment load, with 6 - 7 inch visibility.

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included box elder, silver 

maple, slippery elm, green ash and black walnut. The shrub layer was dominated by 

Amur honeysuckle and smooth sumac. Herbaceous layer consisted of poison ivy, 

prickly gooseberry and smooth brome. No sensitive species were observed. 

5.3.7 Unnamed Tributary of Fancy Creek (MP 177.45)

This unnamed tributary of Salt creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream 

attributes and vegetation where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This tributary is part of the 

Sangamon River watershed in Sangamon County, Illinois. The tributary is entrenched 
23

1 foot and is 3 feet wide. The water was clear, 2 inches deep and showed no signs of 

nutrient enrichment. The bottom consisted of mixture of sediment and rip-rap. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included hackberry, white 

mulberry, green ash and black walnut. The shrub layer was dominated by Amur 

honeysuckle. The tree and shrub layer combined to form a dense canopy, shading out 

understory plants. No sensitive species were observed.

5.3.8 Unnamed Tributary of Fancy Creek (MP 177.81)

This unnamed tributary of Salt creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream 

attributes and vegetation where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This tributary is part of the 

Sangamon River watershed in Sangamon County, Illinois. The tributary is entrenched 

12 feet and is 20 feet wide. Water was clear, 6 inches deep and flowed through a 

narrow channel 2 feet wide over a sediment bottom. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Shrub layer consists of Amur 

honeysuckle and black willow. The herbaceous layer was dominated by common reed 

(Phragmites australis) and smooth brome, Canadian goldenrod was an occasional 

species. No sensitive species were observed.

5.3.9 Unnamed Tributary of Fancy Creek (MP 179.12)

This unnamed tributary of Salt creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream 

attributes and vegetation where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This tributary is part of the 

Sangamon River watershed in Sangamon County, Illinois. The tributary is entrenched 

3 feet and is 8 feet wide. Water in the creek is clear, 1 foot deep and flows over a 

sediment bottom. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included hackberry, green 

ash and honey locust. The herbaceous stratum was dominated by reed canary grass 

and smooth brome. Canadian goldenrod was an occasional species. No sensitive 

species were observed.

5.3.10 Sangamon River (MP 180.08)

The Sangamon River was field reviewed for water quality, stream attributes and 

vegetation where it crossed the UPRR tracks. The Sangamon River is the primary 

drainage for the Sangamon River watershed, which is part of the larger Illinois River 

watershed. This section of the Sangamon River is entrenched 10 - 20 feet and is 130 feet 

wide. Average river depth is 3 - 5 feet deep with deeper pools. Water was dark, 
24

indicating a heavy sediment load. The occurrence of sandbars within the river and 

limestone outcropping along the river edge indicate a sand and gravel bottom in this 

section of the Sangamon River. No signs of nutrient enrichment were observed. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species were dominated by silver 

maple, with cottonwood, hackberry, green ash, box elder and sycamore being 

occasional species. The shrub stratum consisted of white mulberry, poison ivy and 

multiflora rose. The herbaceous stratum consisted of pokeweed, garlic mustard and 

poison ivy. No sensitive species were observed.

5.3.11 Unnamed Tributary of Sangamon River (MP 180.64)

This unnamed tributary of the Sangamon River was field reviewed for water quality, 

stream attributes and vegetation from a bridge on Sandhill Road. This tributary is part 

of the Sangamon River watershed in Sangamon County, Illinois. The location where the 

tributary crosses the UPRR track could not accessed due to property access restrictions. 

The tributary at Sandhill road is entrenched 6 feet and is 12 feet wide. Water was clear 

and 1 foot deep, showed no signs of nutrient enrichment and flowed over a mixed sand, 

gravel and sediment bottom. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included sycamore, 

hackberry and shingle oak. The shrub layer was dominated by Amur honey suckle and 

multiflora rose. No sensitive species were observed.

5.3.12 Unnamed Tributary of Sangamon River (MP 181.91)

This unnamed tributary of Salt Creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream 

attributes and vegetation where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This tributary is part of the 

Sangamon River watershed in Sangamon County, Illinois. The tributary is entrenched 

2 feet and is 6 feet wide. Water has a moderate sediment load with green water

observed, indicating some nutrient enrichment. Water is an average depth of 1 foot

over a sediment bottom. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included black cherry and 

black willow. The shrub layer was dominated by Amur honeysuckle. The herbaceous 

layer consisted of giant ragweed and smooth brome. No sensitive species were 

observed.
25

5.3.13 Panther Creek (MP 197.43)

Panther Creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream attributes and vegetation 

where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This creek is part of the Sangamon River watershed 

in Sangamon County, Illinois. The creek is entrenched 4 feet and is 6 - 7 feet wide. 

Water quality is clear with a low sediment load, with 4 inch visibility, and no sign of 

nutrient enrichment. Average water depth is 2 - 3 feet over a sediment bottom. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included hackberry, black 

cherry, black walnut, shingle oak and honey locust. The shrub layer was dominated 

with Amur honeysuckle, with the occasional black willow, sandbar willow, box elder 

and white mulberry. The herbaceous layer consisted of giant ragweed, Amur 

honeysuckle, garlic mustard, white snakeroot, giant foxtail, prairie sunflower, crabgrass 

and awnless barnyard grass. No sensitive species were observed.

5.3.14 Unnamed Tributary of Sugar Creek (MP 200.15)

This unnamed tributary of Sugar Creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream 

attributes and vegetation where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This tributary is part of the 

Sangamon River watershed in Sangamon County, Illinois. The creek is entrenched 2

feet and is 4 feet wide. The water is clear, with no indication of nutrient enrichment. 

Water is 6 inches deep and flows over a mixed sediment and sand and gravel bottom. 

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included black willow,

slippery elm and white mulberry. The shrub layer was dominated by Amur 

honeysuckle. The herbaceous layer was dominated by reed canary grass and poison 

hemlock. No sensitive species were observed.

5.3.15 Unnamed Tributary of Sugar Creek (MP 201.62)

This unnamed tributary of Sugar Creek was field reviewed for water quality, stream 

attributes and vegetation where it crossed the UPRR tracks. This tributary is part of the 

Sangamon River watershed in Sangamon County, Illinois. The creek is entrenched 2 - 3 

feet and is 20 feet wide. The water is clear with a low sediment load and no indications 

of nutrient enrichment. Average water depth is 2 - 4 feet over a sediment and gravel 

bottom.

Vegetation was present along the creek edge. Tree species included hackberry and 

green ash. The shrub layer consists of hackberry, green ash, box elder and poison ivy. 

No sensitive species were observed. 
26

5.3.16 OTHER STRUCTURES INDICATED ON U.P. 30% PLANS OR ENVA CHART 

(MP 203.00- MP 147.00)

Nineteen other drainages were evaluated for water quality that were not part of a 

named or identifiable stream. Locations indicated in the UPRR 30% plans and the 

ENVA Structures Chart for the Lincoln to Auburn Siding Track were used to identify 

the drainages. The drainage ways examined all flowed through cultivated land or were 

located in urban areas. Most discharged into the railroad or an adjacent roadside ditch 

system. Cultivated fields border many drainage ways. Little or no water was present. 

Most channels had herbaceous or woody shrub vegetation in the channel and side 

slopes. Many of the sites are being mowed. Tree species included silver maple, green 

ash, wild cherry, hackberry, slippery elm, black walnut, black willow, white mulberry, 

box elder and cottonwood. Shrub species recorded include black willow, Amur 

honeysuckle, white mulberry, silver maple, sandbar willow and hackberry. Typical 

herbaceous species recorded during the surveys included giant foxtail, fescues, 

Canadian goldenrod, giant ragweed, mullein, common teasel, poison hemlock, reed 

canary grass, cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum), smooth brome, common reed and garlic 

mustard. No aquatic animal species were observed in any of the drainage ways. The 

drainage way channel bottoms contained deposited sediment. No sand, gravel or 

exposed rock beds occurred within the areas visited. A number of the drainages 

appeared to have been channelized. Based upon the botanical species composition, and 

the disturbance to the drainages, it is unlikely any sensitive species occur within the 

easement or proposed right-of-way areas of these drainages.

6.0 WETLANDS

The study area for the field surveys include areas where new right-of-way or access 

easements were proposed between Lincoln and Auburn. Prior to initiating field work, 

the USFWS National Wetland Inventory (NWI) Maps, UPRR 30% plans, aerial 

photography, the Wetland Technical Report for the High Speed Rail Project, Chicago to 

St. Louis (1999) and the Natural Resource Conservation Service’s (NRCS) county soil 

surveys for Logan and Sangamon counties were consulted. The wetland reviews were 

conducted on October 2-4, 2012.

A Wetland Delineation Report produced by Olsson Associates in September of 2012 

was also consulted to identify wetlands. Olsson Associates delineated wetlands within 

the Athol siding, Elkhart siding and track construction, Auburn siding, signal/turnout 

pad construction locations and hydraulic structure replacements where waters of the 

U.S. were believed to be present. In all, 87 wetlands were identified in the Olsson 
27

Wetland Report, for a total of 31.303 acres. The wetlands are defined using the 

classification system developed by Cowardin et al. (1979). Additionally, the Floristic 

Quality Index (FQI), an indication of native vegetative quality for a location, was provided for 

the 87 wetlands included in the report. Generally, an FQI from 1 to 19 indicates low vegetative 

quality. The impacted wetlands have low FQI’s, with none having an FQI value over 12.

(Appendix C, Olsson Associates Wetland Delineation Report)

Five wetlands were identified in the field and surveyed for plants species by QEI staff. 

Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) measurements were taken of all trees with a DBH 

greater than 6 inches within a sample plot. 

6.1 WETLAND 1 (149.48 to 149.46)

Wetland 1 is a forested wetland located northwest corner of Kickapoo Creek and the 

tracks in Logan County, Illinois. NWI maps indicate palustrine emergent and 

palustrine forested wetlands northwest of the sample plot. Based on field reviews, the 

sample area is a section of a larger, continuous forested wetland bordering Kickapoo 

Creek. The survey area was a 100 x 100 plot. Silver maple was the dominant tree 

species, representing 63 percent of the tree within the sample plot, with an average 

DBH of 9.5 inches. Other trees in the sample plot included green ash, cottonwood, 

white mulberry, black willow, honey locust and hackberry. A sparse shrub layer, 

indicative of periodic flooding, included white mulberry and silver maple. The 

herbaceous layer consisted of reed canary grass, garlic mustard, white snakeroot and 

stinging nettle. The sample plot had an FQI of 7.56. No standing water was present in 

this wetland. Observed dark soils and staining on plants and trees indicate this area is 

wet for extended periods of times. 

6.2 WETLAND 2 (MP 158.29 to 158.27)

Wetland 2 is a forested wetland located southwest of the UPRR right-of-way and west 

of the Salt Creek in Logan County, Illinois. NWI maps indicate this location to be a 

palustrine forested wetland. The sample area selected for field survey was a 100 x 100 

plot, in which silver maple was the dominant tree species, with an average DBH of 14.4

inches. Silver maples represented 81 percent of the trees within the sample plot. Other 

trees within the sample plot included box elder, slippery elm, black walnut and 

cottonwood. The shrub layer consisted of Amur honeysuckle, green ash and box elder. 

The herbaceous layer consisted of garlic mustard, gray’s sedge, white snakeroot, 

creeping smartweed, poison ivy, bristly greenbrier, silky wild rye and Kentucky blue

grass. The sample plot had an FQI of 11.7. No standing water was present in this 
28

wetland. Observed dark soils and staining on plants and trees indicate this area is wet 

for extended periods of times. 

6.3 WETLAND 3 (MP 177.79)

Wetland 3 is located north of East Andrew Road and west of the UPRR tracks in 

Sherman, Illinois. NWI maps do not indicate wetlands in the vicinity of this location,

but field surveys identified this area as a potential wetland. The wetland is a 180 foot 

long, 65 foot wide, depression that drains east under the UPRR tracks. Trees in the 

wetland included silver maple and black willow. The shrub layer consisted of sandbar 

willow, cottonwood, black willow, Amur honeysuckle and autumn olive. Herbaceous 

layer was dominated by common reed and narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia). Other 

herbaceous plants identified included Canadian goldenrod, common teasel and 

riverbank grape. The sample plot had an FQI of 4.52. Dark, moist soils and the 

presence of standing water within the depression indicate wetland soils and hydrology.

6.4 WETLAND 4 (MP 180.13 to 180.11 and 180.30 to 180.28)

Wetland 4 is a forested wetland located on the southwest corner of the tracks at the 

Sangamon River crossing in Sangamon County, Illinois. NWI maps indicate this 

location to be a palustrine forested wetland. Two sample areas within the forested 

wetland were sampled. Both sample areas were 100 x 100 plots, the first being adjacent 

to the Sangamon River and along the west side of the tracks, the second being adjacent 

to the west side of the tracks and 800 feet south of the first sample plot. 

The first sample plot was dominated by silver maple, representing 65 percent of the 

trees within the sample plot, with an average DBH of 18.2 inches. Other trees that were 

occasional species within the sample plot included green ash, sycamore, cottonwood, 

box elder and hackberry. A sparse shrub layer, indicative of periodic flooding, 

consisted of multiflora rose, white mulberry and poison ivy. The herbaceous layer 

consisted of pokeweed, mild water pepper (Persicaria hydropiperoides), garlic mustard, 

gray’s sedge and poison ivy. No standing water was present in this wetland. Observed 

dark soils and staining on plants and trees indicate this area is wet for extended periods 

of times. 
29

The second sample plot was also dominated by silver maple, representing 73 percent of 

the trees in the sample plot, with an average DBH of 10.0 inches. Other trees that were 

occasional species in the sample plot included cottonwood, hackberry, red mulberry 

(Morus rubra) and black oak. The shrub layer consisted of silver maple, Amur 

honeysuckle, green ash, multiflora rose and box elder. The shrub layer in this sample 

plot was denser, indicating shorter periods of flooding, allowing for the establishment 

of shrubby plants. The herbaceous layer consisted of poison ivy, gray’s sedge and frost 

aster. The smaller average DBH of the silver maples (10.0 inches) in this plot compared 

to average DBH of the silver maples (18.2 inches) in the previous plot indicate that this 

is younger section of forested wetland. No standing water was present in this wetland. 

Observed dark soils and staining on plants and trees indicate this area is wet for 

extended periods of times. 

According to the Olsson Wetland Report, the delineated wetland that included both 

sample plots, had an FQI of 6.36.

6.5 WETLAND 5 (MP 198.64)

Wetland 5 is located north of Hambuch Road and east of the UPRR right-of-way. NWI 

maps do not indicate wetlands in the vicinity of this location, but field surveys 

identified this as a potential wetland. The wetland was a linear depression 415 feet in 

length and 60 feet in width. Dominant species were black willow and reed canary grass 

with an occasional sycamore. According to the Olsson Wetland Report, this wetland 

had an FQI of 4.00. No standing water was present during the field survey but dark, 

moist soils, mud cracks and sparse vegetation indicate wetland soils and hydrology.

 
30

TABLES

CHICAGO TO ST. LOUIS HIGH SPEED RAIL PROJECT

TIER 3 – LINCOLN TO AUBURN, ILLINOIS

REPORT FOR FALL FIELD STUDIES
31

TABLE 1

CHICAGO TO ST. LOUIS HIGH SPEED RAIL PROJECT

TIER 3 – LINCOLN TO AUBURN

FIELD SURVEY (OCTOBER 2-4, 2012)

Station Mile 

Post County

Description

10630+00 201.62 Sangamon

Tree strata: hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), box elder (Acer 

negundo), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)

Shrub strata: Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii), hackberry, 

green ash, multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)

Herbaceous strata: Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus 

quinquefolia), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), wild iris (Iris 

virginica), prickly gooseberry (Ribes cynosbati)

10561+00 

to 

10533+00

200.27 

to 

200.13

Sangamon

Landscape trees consisting of pin oaks (Quercus palustris) 29.5, 

27.5, 30.7, 35.5, 34.6, and 33.3 inch DBH

Volunteer trees: Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) and hackberry 10.5 

average DBH

Shrub strata: box elder (Acer negundo), Amur honeysuckle 

(Lonicera maackii), slippery elm 

Herbaceous strata: common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), 

giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), wild parsnip (Pastinaca 

sativa), lambsquarter (Chenopodium album), burdock (Arctium 

spp.), Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), frost aster 

(Aster pilosus)

10470+00 198.64 Sangamon

Tree Strata: Osage orange (Maclura pomifera), hackberry, wild 

black cherry (Prunus serotina), American elm (Ulmus 

americana), white mulberry (Morus alba), black willow (Salix 

nigra), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), 

Shrub strata: honeysuckle, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), 

cottonwood (Populus deltoides)

Herbaceous strata: poison ivy, grape vine (Vitas riparian), giant 

ragweed, fescue (Festuca spp.), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), 

reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), garlic mustard 

(Alliaria petiolata)
32

Note: Area is a hedgerow habitat severed by a 200 ft. foxtail-dominated 

opening where a gas pipeline passes. The east side of the tracks exhibits 

characteristics of a wet habitat with black willow, sycamore, and reed canary 

grass being dominant species within a ditch line. Areas absent of vegetation 

exhibited secondary wetland characteristics consisting of mud cracks and dark 

moist soils..

10440+00 

to 

10425+00

198 to 

197.71 Sangamon

Tree Strata : hackberry: 29.5, 32.5, 34.1 wild black cherry: 10, 

11.5, 8.8 wild black cherry snag: 10.5 black walnut (Juglans 

nigra): 11.2, 16.3 shingle oak (Quercus imbricaria): 12.0, 9.0 

honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos): 13.1 - 40% canopy cover

Shrub strata: honeysuckle: 75% coverage, 20 plants in plot, box 

elder, sandbar willow (Salix interior), black willow, white 

mulberry

Herbaceous: giant ragweed, garlic mustard, Amur honeysuckle, 

white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima), pokeweed (Phytolacca 

americana), giant foxtail, purpletop (Tridens flavus), prairie 

sunflower (Helianthus pauciflorus), crabgrass (Digitaria 

sanguinalis), awnless barnyard grass (Echinochloa muricata)

Note: Area recently cleared for road. Sample area 100 x 100 plot. Possible bat 

habitat near Irwin Park Pavilion south of sample area. Trees with hollow areas 

hackberry (31") and shagbark hickory (avg. 14")

Stream: Same vegetation as sample plot. Water quality: not green, low 

sediment load (4" visibility), entrenched 4 feet, 6-7 feet across and 2-3 feet 

deep.

10418 197.55 Sangamon

Tree Strata (10" avg. DBH): black walnut, wild black cherry

Shrub: Amur honeysuckle

Herbaceous: giant foxtail

10399+00 

to 

10391+00

197.22 

to 

197.06 

Sangamon

Tree Strata: wild black cherry, shingle oak, hackberry, black 

walnut

Shrub Strata: gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa), smooth sumac 

(Rhus glabra), black walnut, American elm (Ulmus americana), 

honey suckle (60%), wild black cherry (10%), multiflora rose, 

blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis)

Herb Strata: riverbank grape, common hops (Humulus lupulus), 

honeysuckle, poison ivy, giant ragweed, Canadian goldenrod, 

white snakeroot, poison hemlock (Conium maculatum)

Note: Shrubs (avg. 15') dominant along tracks, trees (avg. 30'-35') dominant 

west of utilities

10245+00 

to 

10238+00

194.30 

to 

197.17

Sangamon

Tree Strata: tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), hackberry, 

silver maple, slippery elm, box elder, black walnut

Shrub Strata: Amur honeysuckle, hackberry, tree of heaven, box 

elder

Herbaceous Strata: poison ivy, garlic mustard 
33

Note: Two sycamores with a 20" avg. DBH south of sample area, in front of 

Chatham Depot. See bike trail along Walnut Street for species along Chatham.

10115 to 

10113

191.84 

to 

191.80

Sangamon

Tree Strata: green ash: 7.8, 6.0, 11.5, 24.3, 12.5, 6.0 26.0, 14.1, 

4.5 wild black cherry: 6.0, 6.2, 7.3, 9.1 black walnut 6.3 MS(11.3, 

10.1, 9.8) white oak: 43.1, 12.1, 36.0 shingle oak: 8.0 snag: 8.0, 

13.5

Shrub Strata: black oak, white oak, bur oak, shingle oak, poison 

ivy, slippery elm, multiflora rose, sassafras, red bud, shellbark 

hickory

Herbaceous Strata: poison ivy, white snakeroot, lesser 

periwinkle (Vinca minor), showy goldenrod (Solidago speciosa)

Note: 200 x 30' plot across from residences north of Lake Springfield

10110+00 

to 

10108+00

191.74 

to 

191.70

Sangamon

Tree Strata: black cherry: 8.5, 9.2, 13.1, 10.3, 10.1 sugar maple: 

21.2, 7.0, 13.1 shingle oak: 6.1 slippery elm: 8.8, 21.0, 27.0, 9.0

Shrubs Strata: honeysuckle, slippery elm, hackberry, multiflora 

rose

Herb Strata: white snakeroot

Note: 100 x 100 plot, forest near development

10094+00 

to 

10090+00

191.44 

to 

191.36

Sangamon

Tree Strata: silver maple 47.6, 43.5, 9.5, 13.7, 12.9, 26.3, 12.4, 

13.3, 13.7, 12.9, 14.1, 12.7, 13.1, 11.9 black walnut: 16.2, 7.3 

Bradford pear: 8.5 hackberry: 26.0, 23.0, 9.1, 11.4, 10.9 apple 

snags (11)

Shrubs Strata: Not present

Herbaceous Strata: Kentucky bluegrass, fescue

Note: Nowack Estate, east of tracks

10091+00 

to 

10086+00

191.38 

to 

191.29

Sangamon

Tree Strata: green ash, hackberry (D), silver maple, black 

walnut, black cherry (D), Bradford pear (Pyrus calleryana) (6), 

Osage orange (D), box elder, black locust (D)

Shrub Strata: Amur honeysuckle, poison ivy, smooth sumac, 

American elm, box elder, white mulberry, 

Herbaceous Strata: trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), poison 

ivy, giant ragweed, white snakeroot, fescue, Virginia creeper 

(Parthenocissus quinquefolia)

Note: honeysuckle manicured along bike trail

10073+00 191.06 Sangamon

Tree Strata: silver maple and hackberry

Note: Interurban Bike Trail north of Woodside Drive

10062+00 

to 

190.84 

to 

Sangamon

Tree Strata: wild black cherry (90 - 3" to 4", occasional 6"), silver 

maple (5 - 6")
34

10061+00 190.82 Shrub Strata: Amur honeysuckle

Note: Dense honeysuckle, wood dominated by black cherry

10005+00 

to 9998+00

189.75 

to 

189.62

Sangamon

Tree Strata: hackberry, Osage orange, white mulberry, 

Shrub Strata: honeysuckle, blackberry, smooth sumac

Herbaceous Strata: poison ivy, common ragweed, prairie dock 

(Silphium terebinthinaceum) (1), pokeweed, mullein 

(Verbasucm thapsus), Canadian golden rod, common hops 

(Humulus lupulus), wild yam (Discorea villosa), catnip (Nepeta 

cataria)

Note: West of tracks along Interurban Bike Trail, south of I-72

9648+80 183 Sangamon

Tree Strata: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), tree of heaven, 

green ash

Shrub Strata: Amur honeysuckle

Herbaceous Strata: river bank grape, Canadian golden rod, giant 

ragweed, New England Aster (Aster novae-angliae), fescue, 

dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), frost aster

North 

Springfield 

Residential Sangamon

Tree Strata: silver maple, green ash, tree of heaven, 

cottonwood, blue spruce (Picea pungens), white pines (Pinus 

strobus)

9590+00 to 

9589+00

181.89 

to 

181.87

Sangamon

Tree Strata: hackberry: 6.3 shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa): 

11.2 shingle oak: 15.0, 13.0, black oak (Quercus velutina) : 22.3 

bur oak (Quercus macrcarpa): 24.5 chinquapin oak (Quercus 

muehlengergii): 10.0, black cherry: 15.0, 11.7, 13.7, 9.2, 13.3, 

8.8, 7.5, 8.9, 8.5, 6.1, 7.0, 8.8 green ash: 13.0, 10.4, 13.7 black 

walnut: 15.3, 6.3 slippery elm: 6.1

Shrub Strata: young oaks, shellbark hickory , black cherry, Amur 

honeysuckle, hackberry

Herbaceous Strata: garlic mustard, Virginia creeper, white 

snakeroot, common blue violet (Viola soroia), prickly greenbrier 

(Smilax hispida)

Note: 100 x 100 plot
35

9581+00 to 

9580+00

181.72 

to 

181.70

Sangamon

Tree Strata: slippery elm: 8.7, 8.3, 8.6, 8.3, 7.8, 9.9, 9.4 wild 

black cherry: 14.0, 10.5, 8.1, 6.0, 7.3 tree of heaven 8.7 box 

elder MS (12" and 10" avg.)

Shrub Strata: Amur honeysuckle, box elder, hackberry

Herbaceous Strata: poison ivy, riverbank grape, white 

snakeroot, Virginia creeper

Note: 100 x 100 plot 

9550+00 to 

9549+00

181.13 

to 

181.11

Sangamon

Tree Strata: black locust: 100 (9.5" avg. DBH), black oak: 3 

(11"avg DBH) bur oak: 11.0 black cherry: 10.0, 10.0

Shrub Strata: black cherry, sassafras (Sassafras albidum)(D), 

Amur honeysuckle (D), shingle oak, multiflora rose

Herbaceous Strata: white snakeroot, black mustard (Brassica 

nigra), smooth brome (Bromus inermis), hairy woodland brome 

(Bromus pubescens), creeping smartweed (Persicaria cespitosa)

Note: Old rail bed 

9511+00 to 

9512+00

180.43 

to 

180.45

Sangamon

Tree Strata: hackberry: 16.1, 7.4, 6.1, 6.5, 14.8, 10.2, 9.8, 7.7, 

10.8 wild black cherry: 8.4, 9.2, 7.9, 8.7 black oak: 19.8, 17.5 box 

elder: 140.5, 11.2

Shrub Strata: Amur honeysuckle

Herbaceous Strata: white snakeroot 

Note: Amur honeysuckle, 75% coverage

9505+00 to 

9504+00

180.30 

to 

180.28

Sangamon

Tree Strata: Cottonwood: 18.2, 12.1, 15.5 Silver maple: 11.0, 

13.3, 6.1, 6.3, 11.9, 11.4, 11.2, 13.1, 7.9, 9.8, 12.1, 13.0, 6.3, 8.1, 

6.0, 17.2, 13.2, MS (9.7, 10.8, 14.1, 8.6), 11.5 black oak: 19.0, 

hackberry: 6.8, 18.5 white mulberry: 6.0

Shrub Strata: silver maple, honeysuckle, green ash, white 

mulberry, multiflora rose, box elder

Herbaceous Strata: poison ivy, gray's sedge, frost aster

Note: Transitions to upland area, shrubs absent in lowland, begin at upland 

transition, limited herbaceous diversity
36

9495+00 to 

9494+00

180.13 

to 

180.11

Sangamon

Tree Strata: green ash: 9.2, 21.2, 9.6 sycamore: 42.7 

cottonwood: 40.0 hackberry: 6.9, 9.0, 9.4 box elder: 12.4 silver 

maple: 27.1, 9.3, 21.3, 18.2, 17.0, 8.2, 19.5, 20.6, 20.0, MS 

(12.5, 18.6, 12.2), MS (8.7, 31.4), 35.9, 12.0, 10.3, 21.3, 20.8, 

13.9

Shrub Strata: multiflora rose, poison ivy, white mulberry

Herbaceous Strata: pokeweed, garlic mustard, gray's sedge, 

poison ivy, mild water pepper (Persicaria hydropiperoides)

Note: 60-70% Canopy cover. Open between large silver maples near 

Sangamon River potential Indiana bat habitat. Dark soils and water stained 

trees

9437+37 179 Sangamon

Tree Strata: hackberry, black walnut, Amur honeysuckle, black 

locust, smooth sumac

Herbaceous Strata: frost aster, chicory (Cichorium intybus), 

fescues, crown vetch (Coronilla varia), common teasel (Dipasuc 

fullonum) , bull thistle (Crisium vulgare), Canadian goldenrod, 

common ragweed, horseweed (Conyza canadensis), mullein, 

narrow leaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata)

Note: Formal landscaping at toe of slope near road consisting of knockout 

roses and landscape

Sherman Residential Sangamon Tree Strata: silver maple, sycamore and green ash

9374+00 177.79 Sangamon

Tree Strata: silver maple, black willow

Shrub Strata: sandbar willow, cottonwood, black willow, Amur 

honey suckle, autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)

Herbaceous Strata: common reed (Phragmites austalis), 

narrowleaf cattail, Canadian goldenrod, common teasel, 

riverbank grape, honeysuckle

Note: Wet area, stanind water in depression, moist dark soils.

9371+00 to 

9370+00

177.73 

to 

177.71

Sangamon

Tree Strata: pin oak: 33.0, silver maple (D), shingle oak, green 

ash, Osage orange, 

Shrub Strata: Amur honeysuckle, white mulberry, green ash, 

blackberry, 

Herb Strata: poison ivy, white snake root, Canadian golden rod

9302+00 176.43 Sangamon

Tree Strata: box elder, silver maple, slippery elm, green ash, 

black walnut

Shrub Strata: honeysuckle, smooth sumac

Herbaceous Strata: prickly gooseberry, poison ivy, fescue

Stream: Entrenched 20' to 25' , moderate sediment load, 2-3 ft. 

deep, 6"-7" visibility and not green 
37

9243+00 to 

9242+00

175.30 

to 

175.28

Sangamon

Tree Strata: cottonwood: 51.7, 31.6, 27.8, 36.9 black cherry: 

14.3, 12.3, 7.3, 16.9, 6.3, 7.1, 7.3 green ash: 6.1, 15.1, 10.1, 6.0 

hackberry: 10.1, 14.5

Note: Area has stockpiles of coal production by-product and remnants of 

structures. Williamsville engineer stated this site is an old mine head shaft 

which DNR is getting ready to remediate and replace with fill. DNR trying to 

coordinate final evaluation with proposed bike trail. 

9225+00 to 

9220+00

174.95 

to 

174.85

Sangamon

Herbaceous Strata: Indian grass, cone flower, common 

milkweed, big bluestem, ironweed, purple top, new England 

aster, prairie sunflower

Note: potential prairie area

Williamsville Residential Sangamon

Tree Strata: black walnut, tree of heaven, silver maple, slippery 

elm, green ash

9023+00 171.14 Logan

Tree Strata: Hackberry, white mulberry, American elm

Herbaceous Strata: fescues, multiflora rose, milkweed 

(Asclepias syriaca), Canadian golden rod, riverbank grape, 

chicory, crown vetch, Missouri gooseberry (Ribes missouriense), 

frost aster, Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota)

Note: Area had been mowed

9019+00 171.08 Logan

Tree Strata: American elm, silver maple, white mulberry, 

hackberry

Shrub Strata: white mulberry, American elm

Herbaceous Strata: reed canary grass, fescue, Canadian 

goldenrod, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), thin paspalum 

(Paspalum setaceum)

Stream: Intermittent stream (channel dry). Stagnant, standing 

water in culvert.

8996+00 to 

8989+00

170.62 

to 

170.49

Logan

Tree Strata: American elm, hackberry

Shrub Strata: smooth sumac, American elm, hackberry

Herbaceous Strata: prairie dock, Canadian goldenrod, giant 

ragweed, common milkweed, poison hemlock, garlic mustard, 

common teasel, wild parsnips

8985+00 170.42 Logan

Tree Strata: cottonwood, hackberry

Herbaceous Strata: reed canary grass, fescue 

Stream: Culvert, reed canary grass and fescue growing within 

channel

8952+00 to 

8949+00

169.79 

to 

169.73

Logan

Herbaceous Strata: chicory, sow thistle, common ragweed, 

Canadian goldenrod, big bluestem, fecue, lanceleaf plantain, 

frost aster, Queen Anne's lace, giant foxtail, giant ragweed, 

common milkweed, prairie sunflower,
38

8832+00 to 

8831+00

167.51 

to 

167.49

Logan

Tree Strata: west of tracks - American elm, Slippery elm, 

cottonwood, eastern red cedar (Thuja occidentalis), white 

mulberry east of tracks - American elm, slippery elm

Herbaceous Strata: west of tracks - common reed, poison ivy 

east of tracks - fescue, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), 

creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea), giant ragweed, 

morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea)

Stream: Culvert marked "2003", intermittent, dry, stream bed

8818+00 to 

8815+00

Elkhart

167.24 

to 

167.16

Logan

Tree Strata: little leaf linden (Tilia cordata) (5), Amur maples 

(Acer ginnala) (3), black oak (3), ornamental crabapple (Malus 

spp.) (13), red oak (Quercus rubra), sugar maple (3)

Shrub Strata: burning bush (Euonymus alata), Amur 

honeysuckle

Herbaceous Strata: turf grass - fescues, Kentucky blue grass

Note: landscaped intersection

8805+00 

North 

Elkhart

167 Logan

Trees Strata: Slippery elm, black willow, green ash, black 

walnut

8757+00 to 

8754+00

166.10 

to 

166.04

Logan

Tree Strata: white mulberry

Shrub Strata: red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), wild black 

cherry, honey locust, hackberry

Herbaceous Strata: blackberry, coneflower (Echinacea 

purpurea), white snakeroot, sawtooth sunflower (Helianthus 

grosseserratus), aromatic aster (Aster oblongifolius), Canadian 

goldenrod, giant ragweed, fescues, crown vetch, Queen Anne's 

lace, common ragweed, frost aster, red clover (Trifolium 

pratense), common teasel 

8711+00 166.23 Logan

Trees Strata: box elder, slippery elm, hackberry

Shrub Strata: cottonwood

Herbaceous Strata: reed canary grass, white snakeroot, poison 

ivy, riverbank grape, slender nettle (Urtica gracilis), water 

smartweed (Persicaria punctata), poison hemlock, fescue, giant 

foxtail, chicory

Stream: Dry streambed, entrenched 15', 20' across

8649+00 164.06 Logan

Tree Strata: white mulberry, hackberry

Shrub Strata: hackberry

Herbaceous Strata: giant ragweed, riverbank grape, poison 

hemlock, fescue, chicory, frost aster

Stream: Dry stream bed, entrenched 7', 10' across
39

Broadwell Residential Logan

Tree Strata: silver maple, slippery elm, white mulberry, 

hackberry, crab apple, box elder

8575+00 162.66 Logan

Trees Strata: hackberry, white mulberry

Shrub Strata: Amur honeysuckle, hackberry, white mulberry

Herbaceous Strata: water smartweed, reed canary grass

Stream: Dry stream bed, entrenched 5', 10' across

8545+00 to 

8541+00

162.09 

to 

162.02

Logan

Herbaceous Strata: New England aster, heath aster (Aster 

ericoides), Missouri goldenrod (Solidago missouriensis), stiff 

goldenrod (Oligoneuron rigidum), prairie dock, common teasel, 

fescue, blackberry, cone flower

Note: Sparse hedgerow with prairie remnants

8513+00 to 

8510+00

161.49 

to 

161.43

Logan

Tree Strata: American elm, slippery elm, cottonwood, hackberry

Shrub Strata: slippery elm, autumn olive, cottonwood, 

hackberry, white mulberry, Amur honeysuckle

Herbaceous Strata: Canadian goldenrod, prairie dock, common 

milkweed, giant ragweed, blackberry, poison ivy

Note: Current land use utility ROW on east side of track, was old RR ROW

8497+00 to 

8494+00

161.19 

to 

161.13

Logan

Shrub Strata: hackberry, wild black cherry, Amur honeysuckle

Herbaceous Strata: Canadian goldenrod, scouring rush 

(Equisetum hyemale affine), evening campion (Silene pratensis), 

meadow fescue, chicory, riverbank grape, frost aster

8418+00 to 

8414+00

159.33 

to 

159.60

Logan

Tree Strata: hackberry

Shrub Strata: black walnut, white mulberry, autumn olive, Amur 

honeysuckle

Herbaceous Strata: frost aster, prairie sunflower, common 

hops, Canadian goldenrod, Queen Anne's lace, poison ivy, 

common milkweed

Note: Old RR ROW

8374+00 to 

8373+00

158.84 

to 

158.82

Logan

Tree Strata: wild black cherry: 23.9, 15.8, 6.0, 16.2, 16.0, 9.2, 

23.3, 19.6 hackberry: 8.7, 7.5, 16.4, 22.9, 7.1, 16.3

Shrub Strata: honeysuckle, green ash, blackberry, white 

mulberry

Herbaceous Strata: bristly greenbrier, garlic mustard, Canadian 

goldenrod, frost aster, fescue

Note: 100 x 100 plot, hedgerow along UP ROW, grassland between Madigan 

State Park edge which is dominated by honeysuckle, wild black cherry and 

hackberry
40

8360+00 to 

8359+00

158.57 

to 

158.55

Logan

Tree Strata: green ash: 9.3, black walnut: 9.5, 8.3

Shrub Strata: black walnut, honeysuckle (D), white mulberry, 

hackberry, smooth sumac, grey dogwood, green ash,autumn 

olive

Herbaceous Strata: river bank grape, Canadian goldenrod, 

creeping Charlie, frost aster, poison hemlock, common teasel, 

lanceleaf plantain

Note: 100 x 100 plot, hedgerow along UP ROW, grassland between Madigan 

State Park edge which is dominated by honeysuckle, wild black cherry and 

hackberry

8345+00 to 

8344+00

158.29 

to 

158.27

Logan

Tree Strata: silver maple: 19.1, 18.0, 10.0, 27.1, 13.9, 19.7, 24.0, 

6.0, 16.4, 16.4, MS (18.5, 11.0, 14.3, 14.9), 13.1, 12.0, 14.0, 

11.8, 12.5, 14.1, 15.2, 11.0, 12.5, 16.7, MS (14.2, 17.7), 35.9 

slippery elm: 6.5, 9.7 box elder: 5.5 black walnut: 6.9 

cottonwood: 22.6 MS (18.2, 22.0) snags: 5.6, 6.1, 6.6(SM), 

6.3(SM), 7.1(SM)

Shrub Strata: honeysuckle, green ash, box elder

Herbaceous Strata: garlic mustard, gray's sedge, white snake 

root, creeping smartweed, poison ivy, bristly greenbrier, silky 

wild rye (Elymus villosus), Kentucky bluegrass

Note: Large silver maples and cottonwoods and open areas near water meets 

requirements for potential Indiana bat habitat. Water staining and dark soils.

8337+00 158.1 Logan

Stream: Salt Creek, average 2.5' deep with pools 3-4' deep, 

sand, gravel bottom with some nutrient enrichment and mussel 

shells present. Clear water entering from tributary east of UPRR 

edge. Sparse vegetation on stream edge, for vegetation south 

of stream see vegetation from MP 158.29 to 158.27.

7880+00 149.48 Logan

Tree Strata: silver maple: MS (17.2, 17.8), MS (10.1, 17.2, 14.0), 

30.3, 8.0, 15.0, MS (14.6, 17.9), 23.0, 11.1, 8.4, MS (6.1, 10.6, 

12.9, 8.6), 7.2, 23 green ash: 14.2, cottonwood 55.0, 26.5 white 

mulberry: 9.2, 8.1 black willow: 14.5, 14.0, 9.8 hackberry: 8.0, 

6.1, 6.1

Shrub strata: white mulberry, silver maple

Herbaceous strata: reed canary grass, common blue violet, 

garlic mustard, white snakeroot, stinging nettle, crowned 

beggarstick (Bidens coronata)

Note: 100 x 100 plot, sparse shrub layers, adjacent to Kickapoo Creek

Stream: Kickapoo Creek, 45' wide, 4-5 feet deep, medium 

sediment load, sediment bottom, Water staining and dark soils.

7837+00 148.67 Logan

Shrub Strata: white mulberry, Amur honeysuckle

Herbaceous Strata: Reed canary grass, giant ragweed, poison 

hemlock, garlic mustard, slender nettle, prairie sunflower.

*(D) indicates Dominant species, MS indicates Multi-Stemmed
TABLE 2

PRAIRIE REMNANTS
TABLE 2

CHICAGO TO ST. LOUIS HIGH SPEED RAIL PROJECT

TIER 3 - LINCOLN TO AUBURN

PRAIRIE REMNANTS

Prairie Mile 

Posts Geographic Location Dimensions Grade Dominant Species INHS Survey*

1

162.09 to 

162.02

North of Broadwell 

between US Route 66 

and UPRR tracks

Approximately 

700' long and 

60’ wide 

between US 

Route 66 and 

UPRR tracks

D

New England Aster (Aster novae-angliae)

Yes

Heath Aster (Aster ericoides)

Missouri Goldenrod (Solidago 

missouriensis)

Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)

Prairie Dock (Silphium terebinthinaceum)

Fescue Grass (Festuca spp.)

Common Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)

2

174.95 to 

174.85

Between Williamsville 

and Sherman, east of 

the UPRR tracks, 

north of abandoned 

mine head shaft and 

coal by-product 

stockpile

Approximately 

500’ long, 

extending 50’ 

from UPRR 

tracks

D

Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea )

Yes

New England Aster (Aster novae-angliae)

Common milkweed (Echinacea purpurea)

Indian Grass (Sorghastrum nutans)

Brome Grass (Bromis spp.)

Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota)

Fescue Grass(Festuca spp.)

Ironweed (Vernonia fasciculata)

Prairie Sunflower (Helianthus pauciflorus)

Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii)

Common Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)

* Inventory of Roadside Prairies, IDOT District 8. INHS Center for Biodiversity, Technical Report (2) 2004. William C. Handel, Technical Scientist. 

Prepared for IDOT.
TABLE 3

THREATENED AND ENDNAGERED SPECIES
TABLE 3

CHICAGO TO ST. LOUIS HIGH SPEED RAIL PROJECT

TIER 3 – LINCOLN TO AUBURN

THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

STATE 

OR 

FEDERAL 

LIST

SPECIES COUNTY HABITAT THREATENED 

OR 

ENDANGERED

PRESENT IN UPRR 

SURVEY AREA

SCIENTIFIC 

NAME

COMMON 

NAME

Federal Platanthera

leucophaea

Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Orchid

Sangamon

Moist, sandy floodplain 

soils and prairie wetlands. 

Moderately disturbed sites 

from flooding or 

agriculture

Threatened Not found in surveyed 

areas

Logan

Federal Plethobasus

cyphus

Sheepnose 

Mussel

Sangamon Medium to large rivers 

with gravel or mixed sand 

and gravel substrate

Endangered

Potential habitat located 

in Sangamon County in 

the Sangamon River 

(MP 180.07), not found 

in surveyed areas

Federal Myotis sodalis Indiana Bat

Sangamon

Caves, mines 

(hibernacula), small stream 

corridors with welldeveloped riparian woods, 

upland forest (foraging)

Endangered

Potential habitat located 

in Sangamon County at

south of Irwin Park 

Pavillion (MP 198.00 to 

197.71), the Sangamon 

River 

(MP 180.13 to 180.11) & 

in Logan County at Salt 

Creek

(MP 158.29 to 158.27), 

not found in surveyed 

areas

Logan

State Tomanthera

auriculata

Auriculate FalseFoxglove

Logan Full or partial sun and 

mesic condition in rich, 

loamy soils

Threatened Not found in surveyed 

areas
TABLE 4

WETLANDS
TABLE 4

CHICAGO TO ST. LOUIS HIGH SPEED RAIL PROJECT

TIER 3 – LINCOLN TO AUBURN

WETLANDS

Wetland Mile Post Geographic Location Dimensions Category Dominant Species

1 149.48 to 149.46

Northwest corner of 

Kickapoo Creek and the 

UPRR ROW

Sample area 

100 x 100 

plot

Palustrine 

Forested

Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum)

Reed canary grass (Phalaris 

arundinacea)

2 158.29 to 158.27

Southwest of UPRR 

ROW and west of Salt 

Creek, Logan County

Sample area 

100 x 100 

plot

Palustrine 

Forested

Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum)

Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera 

maackii)

3 177.79

North of East Andrew 

Road and west of UPRR 

ROW, Sherman, Illinois

180’ x 65’ Palustrine 

Emergent

Black willow (Salix nigra)

Narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia)

Sandbar willow (Salix interior)

Common reed (Phragmites australis)

4

180.13 to 180.11 

and 180.30 to 

180.28

Southwest corner of the 

Crossing of the 

Sangamon River and 

the UPRR ROW, 

Springfield, Ilinois

Sample area 

2 – 100x100 

plots

Palustrine 

Forested

Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum)

Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera 

maackii)

Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)

Mild water pepper (Persicaria 

hydropiperoides)

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans L.)

5 198.64

North of Hambuch 

Road and east of UPRR 

ROW

415’ x 60’ Palustrine 

Emergent

Black willow (Salix nigra)

Reed canary grass (Phalaris 

arundinacea
APPENDICES

CHICAGO TO ST. LOUIS HIGH SPEED RAIL PROJECT

TIER 3 – LINCOLN TO AUBURN, ILLINOIS

REPORT FOR FALL FIELD STUDIES
48

APPENDIX A

REFERENCES
49

REFERENCES

1. Athol Siding, IL. Springfield Subdivision; Mile Post 147.00 to Mile Post 161.00; High Speed Rail; 

30 % Preliminary Plans.

2. Elkhart Siding, IL. Springfield Subdivision; Mile Post 161.00 to Mile Post 175.00; High Speed Rail; 

30 % Preliminary Plans.

3. Ridgley Siding, IL. Springfield Subdivision; Mile Post 175.00 to Mile Post 191.00; High Speed Rail; 

30 % Preliminary Plans.

4. Auburn Siding, IL. Springfield Subdivision; Mile Post 191.00 to Mile Post 203.00; High Speed Rail; 

30 % Preliminary Plans

5. Final Environmental Impact Statement and Record of Decision, Chicago to St. Louis, High Speed 

Rail Project, 2004.

6. Native Vegetation Report, High Speed Rail, Chicago to St. Louis, 1999.

7. Threatened and Endangered Species Report, High Speed Rail Project, Chicago to St. Louis, 1999.

8. Wetlands Report, High Speed Rail Project, Chicago to St. Louis, 1999.

9. Illinois Department of Transportation, Roadside Railroad Prairie Studies Reports, District 6, 2003.

10. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Illinois County Distribution List of Federal Threatened and 

Endangered Species.

11. US Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetland Inventory Maps.

12. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Database, ECOCAT.

13. United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey of 

Sangamon County, Illinois.
50

14. United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey of 

Logan County, Illinois.

15. Cowardin, et.al, 1979; Classification of Wetlands and Deep-water Habitats of the United States.

16. US Fish and Wildlife Service, National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands, Illinois, 1988.
51

APPENDIX B

COVER TYPE MAP

SEE SEPARATE ATTACHMENT (LARGE FILE)
52

APPENDIX C

OLSSON ASSOCIATES WETLAND DELINEATION REPORT

SEE SEPARATE ATTACHMENT (LARGE FILE)
53