D.C. TO RICHMOND SOUTHEAST HIGH SPEED RAIL

ARCHITECTURAL RECONNAISSANCE Rͳ15SURVEY, ASBP SEGMENT ΈSEGMENT 22Ή
December 2016

Archaeological and Architectural Phase IA Study

for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia 

High Speed Rail Project 

Ashland Bypass (ASBP) Segment,

Hanover County
Archaeological and Architectural Phase IA Study for the 

Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia 

High Speed Rail Project

Ashland Bypass (ASBP) Segment,

Hanover County

by

Heather Dollins Staton and Earl E. Proper

Prepared for

Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation

600 E. Main Street, Suite 2102

Richmond, Virginia 23219

Prepared by

DC2RVA Project Team

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000

Richmond, Virginia 23219

December 2016

January 6, 2017

Kerri S. Barile, Principal Investigator Date
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail i Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

ABSTRACT 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and 

Public Transportation (DRPT), conducted a Phase IA cultural resource study of the Ashland 

Bypass (ASBP) segment of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 

(DC2RVA) Project. The proposed Project is being completed under the auspices of the Federal 

Railroad Administration (FRA) in conjunction with DRPT. Because of FRA’s involvement, the 

undertaking is required to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and 

Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. The Project is being 

completed as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) File Review #2014-0666. 

The DC2RVA corridor is divided into 22 segments and this document focuses on the ASBP 

segment only. This report includes background data that will place each recorded resource 

within context and provides the results of the preliminary architectural and archaeological 

fieldwork. The reconnaissance-level architectural surveys of all other segments and the Phase I 

archaeological survey are discussed in separate reports. For the purposes of the current report, 

the architectural area of potential effects (APE) is defined as extending 500 feet (152.4 m) on 

either side of the center of the existing railroad or limits of disturbance (LOD) alignment except 

in urban areas, where the APE is limited to one city block to either side of the existing rail 

centerline, plus any areas where alterations to a resource’s setting and feeling are likely to occur 

as a result of the Project. The archaeological APE consists of the defined LOD only. This report 

details the findings of all above-ground architectural resources over 48 years of age within the 

APE (the age limit was developed to correspond with the anticipated 2017 project completion 

date). The report also describes which portions of the LOD are archaeologically testable at the 

Phase IB level and which are not due to disturbance. This is a preliminary evaluation document 

designed to aid in project planning; the ensuing results provide the project team with 

information on additional Phase IB identification-level studies warranted to achieve cultural 

resource compliance. 

In total, 119 above-ground resources over 48 years old were noted from the roadway during the 

vehicular survey. Of those, the Team identified 17 resources (042-0340, 042-0342, 042-0556, 042-

0777, 042-0556, 042-5048, and 042-5731, 042-5732, 042-5733, 042-5734, 042-5745, 042-5746, 042-

5749, 042-5751, 042-5752, 042-5767, 042-5768, and 500-0001/088-5413) that were included in the 

reconnaissance-level architectural surveys for other DC2RVA segments. As such, a revisit is not 

required as part of future survey. One additional resource (042-5761) was determined not 

eligible for the NRHP in 2016; because of the recent determination, a revisit during the Phase IB 

survey is not necessary. Of the remaining 101 resources, 12 are previously recorded and 89 are 

unrecorded. Two of the previously recorded resources (042-0051 and 042-0392) were 

determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) by DHR staff in 1994 

and one previously recorded resource (042-5014) was determined not eligible for the NRHP in 

1998. These three resources should be revisited during the Phase IB survey to ensure that they 

should retain those previous eligibility determinations. The remaining nine previously recorded 
ABSTRACT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail ii Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

resources have not been formally evaluated for the NRHP. In addition to the two resources 

recommended eligible and the one resource recommend not eligible by DHR staff, the Team 

recommends that those nine unevaluated resources and the 89 newly recorded resources should 

be surveyed as part of a Phase IB identification level study to render recommendations on 

potential NRHP eligibility. 

The Phase IA archaeological survey found that throughout most of the ASBP segment, the 

project area is defined by agricultural fields and forested lots, with scattered rural home sites 

and small residential developments. The survey also examined six areas of proposed road 

improvements within the LOD associated with six proposed rail line crossings. Obvious 

disturbance within the ASBP segment LOD is confined to portions of these six road 

improvement areas. Therefore, as a result of the Phase IA archaeological reconnaissance study, 

Dovetail is recommending that approximately 100.5 acres (40.7 ha) of the overall 162.1-acre 

(65.6-ha) ASBP segment requires Phase IB archaeological testing (62 percent). This equates to 

the excavation of approximately 1,965 shovel test pits. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail iii Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ i

Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... iii

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Project Location .......................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.2 Project Description ..................................................................................................................... 1-6

2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT .............................................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Geology ......................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.3 Soils ............................................................................................................................... 2-1

3. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 3-1

4. BACKGROUND REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1 Previous Surveys ........................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.2 Previously Recorded Architectural Resources ...................................................................... 4-2

4.3 Previously Recorded Archaeological Resources ................................................................... 4-3 

5. RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Architectural Results ................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.2 Archaeological Results ............................................................................................................ 5-14

6. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 6-1

7. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 7-1

APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND REVIEW TABLE ........................................................................... A-1

APPENDIX B: ASBP SEGMENT MAPS WITH ARCHITECTURAL APE ..................................... B-1

APPENDIX C: ASBP SEGMENT MAPS WITH ARCHAEOLOGICAL PHASE IA RESULTS ... C-1

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: SEHSR Corridor ............................................................................................................... 1-2

Figure 1-2: DC2RVA Project Corridor............................................................................................... 1-4

Figure 1-3: DC2RVA Project Segments Noting the ASBP (22) Segment ...................................... 1-5 

Figure 1-4: Detail of Project Segment ASBP ..................................................................................... 1-8 
ABSTRACT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail iv Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

Figure 5-1: Holy Cross Lutheran Church at 11471 Ashcake Road (Temp Number 34), East 

Oblique .............................................................................................................................. 5-2

Figure 5-2: House at 10246 Ashcake Road (Temp Number 21), Southwest Elevation ............... 5-3

Figure 5-3: House at 12008 Yowell Road (Temp Number 17), South Elevation ......................... 5-3

Figure 5-4: House at 12032 Ashcake Road (Temp Number 23), Southwest Elevation ............... 5-4

Figure 5-5: House at 12100 WEst Patrick Henry Road (Temp Number 13), South Elevation ... 5-4

Figure 5-6: House at 12104 WEst Patrick Henry Road (Temp Number 13), South Elevation ... 5-5

Figure 5-7: House at 12438 Elmont Road (Temp Number 45a), West Elevation ........................ 5-5

Figure 5-8: House at 13436 Independence Road (Temp Number 10), West Elevation .............. 5-6

Figure 5-9: View of the Northern End of the ASBP Segment Along the Existing 

CSX Grade, Looking North ........................................................................................... 5-15

Figure 5-10: View of the Edge of a Bluff in the ASBP Segment Between the Existing 

CSX Grade and U.S. Route 1, Looking South ............................................................. 5-16

Figure 5-11: View of a High Probability Landform in the ASBP Segment Between the 

Existing CSX Grade and U.S. Route 1, Looking Southwest ..................................... 5-16

Figure 5-12: View of Slope up to a Bluff in the ASBP Segment Between the Existing 

CSX Grade and U.S. Route 1, Looking Southwest..................................................... 5-17

Figure 5-13: View of a Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP Segment along 

U.S. Route 1, Looking North ......................................................................................... 5-17

Figure 5-14: View of a Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP Segment along 

Attkisson Road, Looking North ................................................................................... 5-18

Figure 5-15: View of a Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP Segment along 

Cross Corner Road, Looking East ................................................................................ 5-18

Figure 5-16: View of a Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP Segment along Elletts 

Crossing Road, Looking East-Southeast ..................................................................... 5-19

Figure 5-17: View of Pasture Within the ASBP Segment Between U.S. Route 1 and Blunts’s 

Bridge Road, Looking Southwest ................................................................................ 5-20

Figure 5-18: View of a Wooded Lot Within the ASBP Segment Between U.S. Route 1 and 

Blunts’s Bridge Road, Looking Southwest ................................................................. 5-20

Figure 5-19: View of the Landscaping Office/Work Shed Within the ASBP Segment 

Between U.S. Route 1 and Blunts’s Bridge Road, Looking Northeast .................... 5-21

Figure 5-20: View of an Outbuilding Behind the Main House a Greenlands Within the 

ASBP Segment Between U.S. Route 1 and Blunts’s Bridge Road, Looking 

West-Southwest .............................................................................................................. 5-21

Figure 5-21: View of the Central Portion of a Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP 

Segment along Blunts Bridge Road, Looking East-Southeast .................................. 5-22

Figure 5-22: View of a Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP Segment along Cross 

Corner Road at the Blunts Bridge Road Intersection, Looking Northeast ............. 5-22
ABSTRACT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail v Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

Figure 5-23: View of the Access Spur Within the ASBP Segment off the South Side of 

Blunts Bridge Road, Looking West .............................................................................. 5-23

Figure 5-24: View of a Narrow Portion of a Road Improvement Area Within the 

ASBP Segment along Blunts Bridge Road, Looking North ...................................... 5-23

Figure 5-25: View of an Agricultural Field Within the ASBP Segment Between Blunts 

Bridge Road and State Route 54, Looking Northeast ................................................ 5-24

Figure 5-26: View of a Wooded Lot Within the ASBP Segment Between Blunts Bridge 

Road and State Route 54, Looking North-Northeast ................................................ 5-25

Figure 5-27: View of the ASBP Segment Between Blunts Bridge Road and State Route 54 

Passing Between Buildings at a Rural House Site, Looking Southeast .................. 5-25

Figure 5-28: View of a Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP Segment along 

State Route 54, Looking East ........................................................................................ 5-26

Figure 5-29: View of an Agricultural Field Within the ASBP Segment Between State 

Route 54 and Ashcake Road, Looking South ............................................................. 5-27

Figure 5-30: View of an Forested Area Within the ASBP Segment Between State Route 54 

and Ashcake Road, Looking South .............................................................................. 5-27

Figure 5-31: View of Two of Three Dwellings at the North End of Quailwood Lane from 

the ASBP Segment LOD Between State Route 54 and Ashcake Road, 

Looking West .................................................................................................................. 5-28

Figure 5-32: View of Access Road Disturbance Just West of the Wastewater Pumping 

Station in the ASBP Segment Between State Route 54 and Ashcake Road, 

Looking North-Northwest ............................................................................................ 5-28

Figure 5-33: View of the Central Portion of a Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP 

Segment along Yowell Road Road, Looking West .................................................... 5-29

Figure 5-34: View of the Access Spur Corridor Within the ASBP Segment off the South 

Side of Blunts Bridge Road, Looking South ............................................................... 5-29

Figure 5-35: View of the Location where the Road Improvement Corridor Along 

Ashcake Road Within the ASBP Segment Begins Looping to the North 

Through Cornfields, Looking West ............................................................................. 5-30

Figure 5-36: View of a Road Improvement Corridor just North of Ashcake Road Within 

the ASBP Segment Looping Through a Cornfield, Looking East ........................... 5-31

Figure 5-37: View of a Narrow Portion of a Road Improvement Corridor Along 

Ashcake Road Within the ASBP Segment, Looking East ......................................... 5-31

Figure 5-38: View of an Forested Area Within the ASBP Segment Between Ashcake Road 

and Elmont Road, Looking Southwest ....................................................................... 5-32

Figure 5-39: View of an Agricultural Field Within the ASBP Segment Between Ashcake 

Road and Elmont Road, Looking North-Northwest ................................................. 5-32
ABSTRACT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail vi Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

Figure 5-40: View of a Portion of a Small Residential Development Within the ASBP 

Segment Between Ashcake Road and Elmont Road, 

Looking North-Northwest ............................................................................................ 5-33

Figure 5-41: View of the Open, Grassy Area Within the ASBP Segment Between Ashcake 

Road and Elmont Road, Looking North-Northwest ................................................. 5-33

Figure 5-42: View of the Narrow Access Spur Following the Existing Driveway Within 

the ASBP Segment Between Ashcake Road and Elmont Road, 

Looking Southwest ........................................................................................................ 5-34

Figure 5-43: View of a Narrow Northern Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP 

Segment at Elmont Road, Looking North................................................................... 5-35

Figure 5-44: View of a Narrow Southern Road Improvement Area Within the ASBP 

Segment at Elmont Road, Looking North................................................................... 5-35

Figure 5-45: View of a Wider Portion of the Improvement Area Corridor Within the ASBP 

Segment at Elmont Road, Looking North-Northwest .............................................. 5-36

Figure 5-46: View of the Lawn Area and Dwelling Within the ASBP Segment South and 

East of Elmont Road, Looking South-Southeast ........................................................ 5-36

Figure 5-47: View of a Wooded Area Within the ASBP Segment South and East of 

Elmont Road, Looking South ....................................................................................... 5-37

Figure 5-48: View of a Powerline Cut Crossing the ASBP Segment South and East of 

Elmont Road, Looking North ....................................................................................... 5-37

Figure 5-49: View of Pasture Within the ASBP Segment South Behind a Rural House Site 

South and East of Elmont Road, Looking South........................................................ 5-38

Figure 5-50: View of the Southern End of the ASBP Segment Along the Existing CSX 

Grade, Looking North ................................................................................................... 5-38

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 2-1: Soils Identified Within the ASBP Archaeological APE ............................................... 2-2

Table 4-1: Archaeological Sites Within 0.5 Miles (0.8 km) of the ASBP Segment ..................... 4-3

Table 5-1: Summary of Noted Above-Ground Resources Over 48 Years Old in the 

APE and Recommendations ........................................................................................... 5-6

Table 6-1: Summary of Identified Resources and Recommendations ........................................ 6-2

Table A-1: Previously Recorded Resources Within 0.5 Miles of the Architectural APE .......... A-1
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

INTRODUCTION 

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and 

Public Transportation (DRPT), conducted a Phase IA cultural resource study of the Ashland 

Bypass (ASBP) segment of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond High Speed Rail (DC2RVA) 

Project. In addition to the preliminary reconnaissance-level survey, this project includes a 

background review and historic context for the ASBP segment. The project is being completed 

as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) File #2014-0666. This preliminary 

evaluation document is designed to aid in project planning; the ensuing results provide the 

project team with information on additional Phase IB identification-level studies warranted to 

achieve cultural resource compliance for the ASBP segment. 

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and DRPT propose passenger rail service and rail 

infrastructure improvements in the north-south travel corridor between Washington, D.C. and 

Richmond, VA. These passenger rail service and rail infrastructure improvements are 

collectively known as the DC2RVA Project. The Project will deliver higher speed passenger rail 

service, increase passenger and freight rail capacity, and improve passenger rail service 

frequency and reliability in a corridor shared by growing volumes of passenger, commuter, and 

freight rail traffic, thereby providing a competitive option for travelers going between 

Washington, D.C. and Richmond and those traveling to and from adjacent connecting corridors. 

The Project is part of the larger Southeast High Speed Rail (SEHSR) corridor (Figure 1-1), which 

extends from Washington, D.C. through Richmond, VA, and from Richmond continues east to 

Hampton Roads (Norfolk), VA and south to Charlotte, NC, and then continues west to Atlanta 

and south to Florida. The Project connects to the National Railroad Passenger Corporation 

(Amtrak) Northeast Corridor (NEC) at Union Station in Washington, D.C. 

The purpose of the SEHSR program, as stated in the 2002 Tier I Final Environmental Impact 

Statement (EIS) completed for the full SEHSR corridor, is to provide a competitive 

transportation choice to travelers within the Washington, D.C. to Charlotte travel corridor. The 

purpose of the current Washington, D.C. to Richmond SEHSR project described here is to fulfill 

the purpose of the SEHSR Tier I EIS within this segment of the larger SEHSR corridor. The 

Project, by increasing rail capacity and improving travel times between Washington, D.C. and 

Richmond, will improve passenger train performance and reliability in the corridor, enabling 

intercity passenger rail to be a competitive transportation choice for travelers between 

Washington, D.C. and Richmond and beyond. 

Given FRA’s funding involvement and permitting through various other federal agencies, the 

DC2RVA project is required to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation 

Act of 1966, as amended, and its implementing regulations under 36CFR800. Additionally, all 

cultural resource work was designed to comply with the Virginia Antiquities Act (Code of 

Virginia § 10.1-2300) and guidelines and regulations promulgated by the DHR as necessary. 

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Overview of the

SEHSR Corridor

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 40 80

Miles

Basemap Source: 2014

ESRI World Light Gray Base

Figure 1-1

1 inch=80 miles

@ 8.5 x 11 inches

Southeast High

Speed Rail (SEHSR)

Segment Status

Charlotte to

Atlanta

Tier I EIS

Washington

D.C. to

Richmond

Tier II EIS

Richmond to

Raleigh

Tier II EIS

Raleigh to

Charlotte

Richmond to

Hampton

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Tier I EIS

SEHSR

Extended

Feasibility Studies

Complete
INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

1.1 PROJECT LOCATION 

The Washington, D.C. to Richmond corridor spans 123 miles along an existing rail corridor 

owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) between Control Point RO (milepost [MP] CFP 110) in 

Arlington, VA to the CSXT A-Line and S-Line junction at MP A-11 in Centralia, VA 

(Chesterfield County) (Figure 1-2). For the purposes of engineering and environmental 

planning, the DC2RVA corridor has been subdivided into 22 segments that correspond with 

improvements and alternatives, and as such have been named and numbered from north to 

south (Figure 1-3). At the northern terminus in Arlington, VA, the Project limit ends at the 

southern approach to Long Bridge, a double-track rail bridge taking the rail corridor over the 

Potomac River; however, the northern terminus of Union Station in Washington, D.C. will be 

used for ridership and revenue forecasting, as well as service development planning within the 

Project corridor. The southern terminus in Centralia is the junction of two CSXT routes that 

begin in Richmond and rejoin approximately 11 miles south of the city. 

Additional segments of the Project include approximately 8.3 miles of the CSXT Peninsula 

Subdivision CA-Line from Beulah Road (MP CA-76.1) in Henrico County, VA to AM Junction 

in the City of Richmond, and the approximately 26-mile Buckingham Branch Railroad (BBR) 

from AM Junction to the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railway (RF&P) Crossing (MP 

CA-111.8) in Doswell, VA. 

Proposed improvements are along CSXT-owned track, generally parallel to the I-95 corridor 

between northern Virginia and Richmond. From north to south, the project travels through the 

following counties and cities: 

 Arlington County 

 City of Alexandria 

 Fairfax County 

 Prince William County 

 Stafford County 

 City of Fredericksburg 

 Spotsylvania County 

 Caroline County 

 Hanover County 

 Henrico County 

 City of Richmond 

 Chesterfield County 

In Arlington, the Project connects to existing CSXT track extending across the Potomac River on 

the Long Bridge into Washington, D.C. and Union Station, the southern terminus of Amtrak’s 

Northeast Corridor (NEC). At Centralia, the Project connects to both the Richmond to Raleigh 

segment of the SEHSR corridor and the Richmond to Hampton Roads segment of the SEHSR 

corridor. 

 
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Overview of the

DC2RVA Project

Corridor

Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Virginia North FIPS 4501 Feet

North American Datum of 1983

[ 0 7 14

Miles

DC2RVA Project

Corridor

Virginia Rail Lines

1 inch=14 miles

@ 8.5 x 11 inches

Figure 1-2

Basemap Source: 2015 Bing Maps

Road (Microsoft Corporation

and its data suppliers)

RF&P

RF&P

A-Line

Buckingham

Branch

Railroad

AM Junction

S-Line

Peninsula

Subdivision

Doswell

Centralia

Arlington

(RO)

Acca

Yard

INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-6 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

The Washington, D.C. to Richmond segment is an integral part of the overall 

Washington, D.C. to Charlotte SEHSR corridor and provides a critical link between high speed 

intercity passenger service from Boston to Washington, D.C. and the southeastern United States. 

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

The DC2RVA project will include specific rail infrastructure improvements and service 

upgrades intended to improve the travel time, service frequency, and on-time performance of 

passenger trains operating between Washington, D.C. and Richmond, VA. Specific 

improvements to the existing rail infrastructure between Arlington, VA, and Centralia, VA 

include: 

 Corridor-wide upgrades to existing track and signal systems to achieve higher operating 

speeds, including curve realignments, higher-speed crossovers between tracks, passing 

sidings, and grade crossing improvements. 

 Corridor-wide improvements to train operating capacity to achieve higher passenger 

train service frequency and reliability, including an additional main track along most of 

the corridor, and additional controlled sidings, crossovers, yard bypasses and leads, and 

other capacity and reliability improvements at certain locations. 

 Station and platform improvements for Amtrak and Virginia Railway Express (VRE) 

stations. 

The Tier II EIS being completed for the Project will assess the environmental impacts of these 

improvements and identify ways to avoid, minimize, or otherwise mitigate such impacts. 

The Project may include locations for new or replacement intercity passenger stations on the 

Project corridor, and additional rail capacity and other improvements in the Richmond area, 

including on the CSXT Peninsula Subdivision from AM Junction in Richmond, VA (just north of 

Main Street Station) east to Beulah Road in Henrico County, and on the bypass areas around the 

Town of Ashland, VA and the City of Fredericksburg, VA. 

Studies in support of the Project will address passenger and freight rail operations and service 

between Union Station in Washington, D.C. and Richmond and beyond, but the Project does 

not include physical improvements to the Long Bridge across the Potomac River or to rail 

infrastructure within Washington, D.C. Other projects will address improvements to the rail 

infrastructure north of Arlington and south of Centralia along the SEHSR corridor. 

 
INTRODUCTION 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 1-7 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

1.3 CURRENT STUDY 

The current study included a Phase IA cultural resource study of the 162.1-acre (65.6-ha) ASBP 

segment of the DC2RVA corridor (Figure 1-4). The current study was designed to provide 

preliminary information on the APE and outline the potential for the area to contain National 

Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-eligible cultural resources for planning purposes. As such, 

this initial study included a background review to identify previously recorded resources 

within the project footprint and within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of the architectural APE, a historic 

map review, a vehicular and partial pedestrian reconnaissance of the APE and surrounding 

viewshed to inspect the ASBP segment in consideration for archaeological potential and to note 

above-ground resources over 48 years in age (the age limit was developed to correspond to the 

anticipated 2017 project completion date). These project tasks resulted in the development of a 

list of architectural properties to be recorded during subsequent Phase I-level studies and maps 

showing the areas where archaeological Phase I identification-level survey would be needed. 

For the purposes of the current report, the archaeological APE includes the footprint of physical 

improvements associated with the project, inclusive of both the rail modifications and any 

associated roadwork. The architectural APE is defined as extending 500 feet (152.4 m) on either 

side of the center of the existing railroad or limits of disturbance (LOD) alignment except in 

urban areas, where the APE is limited to one city block to either side of the existing rail 

centerline, plus any areas where alterations to a resource’s setting and feeling are likely to occur 

as a result of the Project. 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT 

The ASBP segment, located in Hanover County, lies north, west, and south of 

Ashland, VA, creating a loop to the west of the city. The northern approximately 500 feet (152.4 

m) of the segment, located northeast of Ashland Mill and just south of the South Anna River, 

follows the existing CSX rail line through a substantial forested area. Once the segment leaves 

the existing rail, it is generally defined by active agricultural fields and forest interspersed with 

rural home sites. The final approximately 700 feet (213.4 m) at the southern end of the ASBP 

segment again follows the existing rail line, ending 800 feet (243.8 m) north of the railroad 

crossing at Elmont Road. 

2.1 Hydrology 

The northern portion of the ASBP segment is drained by Falling Creek and its tributaries. 

Falling Creek empties into the South Anna River, which joins the North Anna River to form the 

Pamunkey River. The Pamunkey makes confluence with the Mattaponi River at West Point, 

Virginia to form the York River, which empties into the Chesapeake Bay approximately 70 miles 

(112.7 km) southeast of the corridor. The southern portion of the ASBP segment is drained by 

Stoney Run and its tributaries. Stoney Run empties into the Chickahominy River, which flows 

into the James River at the border of Charles City and James City Counties. The James River 

empties into the Chesapeake Bay approximately 70 miles (112.7 km) southeast of the corridor. 

The Chesapeake Bay then joins the Atlantic Ocean between Cape Charles and Cape Henry. 

2.2 Geology 

The ASBP segment is located within the inner Coastal Plain physiographic province. Sediments 

of the Tertiary Pliocene Sand and Gravel underlie the majority of the corridor in this segment 

(Dietrich 1990). These sediments are described as interbedded yellowish-orange to reddishbrown gravelly sand, sandy gravel, and fine to coarse sand. They are poorly to well-sorted, 

cross-bedded in part, and include lesser amounts of clay and silt in thin to medium beds. 

Pliocene Sand and Gravel commonly caps drainage divides (altitude 250–170 feet [76.2–51.8 m]) 

in the western part of Coastal Plain (United States Geological Survey [USGS] 2016; Virginia 

Division of Mineral Resources 1993). 

2.3 Soils 

Fertile, well-drained soils attracted both humans and game over millennia. Wild grasses, fruits, 

and seeds, consumed by people before and after adoption of agriculture, flourished in such 

settings. Numerous archaeologists have cited the correlation between the distribution of level to 

gently sloping, well-drained, fertile soils and archaeological sites (e.g., Lukezic 1990; Potter 

1993; Turner 1976; Ward 1965). Soil scientists classify soils according to natural and artificial 

fertility and the threat posed by erosion and flooding, among other attributes. Soil Classes 1 and 

2
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

2 represent the most fertile soils, those best suited for not only agriculture but for a wide range 

of uses. Soil productivity must be considered in relation to the productivity of the surrounding 

soils. 

Thirty-three soil types are mapped within the ASBP archaeological APE (Table 2-1). Water is 

also present, covering 0.8 percent of the APE. The Class 1 Orangeburg-Faceville fine sandy 

loams, with the highest probability for the presence of prehistoric and historic archaeological 

sites, are only present in 0.5 percent of the study corridor. However, Class 2 soils, including 

Orangeburg-Faceville fine sandy loams and Norfolk fine sandy loam among others, are also 

high probability locations for sites. These Class 2 soils are found in 57.3 percent of the corridor. 

The tendency of all but one of these soils to erode may adversely affect the integrity of any sites 

present. The remainder of the soil types in the APE have a lower potential for the presence of 

archaeological sites due to the presence of excess water or excess slope. Any cultural materials 

recovered from the cut and fill land Udorthent soils would likely be not in situ. 

TABLE 2-1: SOILS IDENTIFIED WITHIN THE ASBP ARCHAEOLOGICAL APE 

Soil Name Slope Class Characteristics Approximate 

Percentage of APE 

Orangeburg-Faceville fine 

sandy loams 2–7% 2e Well drained, tendency to erode 18.8% 

Norfolk fine sandy loam 2–7% 2e Well drained, tendency to erode 13.0% 

Fluvaquents, nearly level 0–2% 6w Poorly drained, frequent flooding 7.9% 

Pinkston-Mayodan sandy loam 15–25% 6e Well drained, tendency to erode 6.1% 

Dunbar fine sandy loam 0–2% 2w Somewhat poorly drained, excess 

water 

5.3% 

Duplin fine sandy loam 2–7% 2e Moderately well drained, tendency to 

erode 5.3% 

Bourne fine sandy loam 2–7% 2e Moderately well drained, tendency to 

erode 5.2% 

Aquults, nearly level 0–2% 4w Poorly drained, excess water 5.1% 

Pinkston-Mayodan sandy loams 25–45% 7e Well drained, tendency to erode 4.3% 

Caroline-Dogue complex 7–15% 4e Well drained to moderately well 

drained, tendency to erode 3.6% 

Udults-Ochrepts complex, 

moderately steep 15–25% 6e Well drained, tendency to erode 2.6% 

Udults-Ochrepts complex, 

sloping 7–15% 4e Well drained, tendency to erode 2.5% 

Coxville loam 0–2% 4w Poorly drained, excess water 2.4% 

Edgehill variant very gravelly 

sandy loam 2–7% 3s Well drained, soil limitations within the rooting zone 2.4% 

Creedmoor fine sandy loam 2–7% 2e Moderately well drained, tendency to 

erode 1.7% 
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 2-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 2-1: SOILS IDENTIFIED WITHIN THE ASBP ARCHAEOLOGICAL APE 

Soil Name Slope Class Characteristics Approximate 

Percentage of APE 

Kempsville gravelly fine sandy 

loam 2–7% 2e Well drained, tendency to erode 1.7% 

Mayodan-Creedmoor complex 2–7% 2e Well drained to somewhat poorly 

drained 1.5% 

Udorthents, smoothed N/A N/A Well drained, cut and fill, not prime 

farmland 1.1% 

Colfax fine sandy loam 2–7% 3w Somewhat poorly drained, excess 

water 

0.9% 

Pinkston-Mayodan sandy loams 7–15% 4e, 3e Well drained, tendency to erode 0.9% 

Caroline-Dogue complex 2–7% 2e Well drained to moderately well 

drained, tendency to erode 0.8% 

Creedmoor variant fine sandy 

loam 2–7% 3w Somewhat poorly drained, excess water 

0.8% 

Kempsville-Bourne fine sandy 

loams 2–7% 2e Well drained to moderately well drained, tendency to erode 0.8% 

Udults-Ochrepts complex, 

gently sloping 2–7% 2e Well drained, tendency to erode 0.8% 

Spotsylvania-Bourne fine sandy 

loams 2–7% 2e Well drained to moderately well drained, tendency to erode 0.7% 

Goldsboro fine sandy loam 0–4% 2e Moderately well drained, tendency to 

erode 0.5% 

Atlee loam 0–4% 2e Moderately well drained, tendency to 

erode 0.5% 

Orangeburg-Faceville fine 

sandy loams 0–2% 1 Well drained, prime farmland 0.5% 

Pamunkey fine sandy loam 2–7% 2e Well drained, tendency to erode 0.4% 

Orangeburg fine sandy loam 2–7% 2e Well drained, tendency to erode 0.3% 

Varina-Bourne complex 2–7% 2e Well drained to moderately well 

drained, tendency to erode 0.3% 

Worsham fine sandy loam 0–2% 4w Poorly drained, excess water 0.3% 

Udalfs-Ochrepts complex, 

steep 45–65% 7e Well drained, tendency to erode 0.2% 

Source: Soil Survey Staff 2015; Dovetail 2016
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 3-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

METHODOLOGY 

The current study included a Phase IA cultural resource study of the ASBP segment of the 

DC2RVA corridor (see Figure 1-3). In addition to the survey, a background review and historic 

context of the ASBP segment was completed. The background review consisted of searching the 

DHR site and survey file records, as well as examining historic maps of the area to assess the 

potential of the project area to contain significant cultural resources. This research included an 

investigation of records on previous cultural resource investigations and previously recorded 

archaeological sites and architectural properties within a 0.5-mile (0.8 km) radius of the project 

area to understand the previously recorded cultural context of the project area. 

Although the work did not include in-depth historical research on all of the parcels within the 

project area, a historic map review provided information on general historic land use and area 

occupants. Maps from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were consulted. This information 

provided data on the potential for unrecorded resources in the project vicinity. 

The DC2RVA Team compiled prehistoric and historic contexts for the county through which the 

ASBP segment extends: Hanover County. These were done as part of a previous 

reconnaissance-level architectural report (Manning and Salvato 2016) as well as the 

archaeological background review and predictive model report (Klein et al. 2015). As such, 

those historic contexts were not included or repeated in the current report. 

The goals of the fieldwork were to identify any areas that could warrant subsurface 

archaeological investigation and locate above-ground resources over 48 years in age that may 

require identification-level (Phase IB) study. No subsurface fieldwork or recordation of 

buildings, districts, objects, structures, or sites was completed during this study. The survey 

methodology employed to meet these goals was chosen with regard to the project’s scope (i.e., 

provide important data on the integrity of surface and subsurface deposits and identify 

potential archaeological sites) and local field conditions. Topographic maps and development 

plans for the parcels were also used to identify areas that had the potential for intact soils and 

note remains of historic properties. 

Data obtained during the background review, historic map review, available environmental 

data and field survey was then used to determine a recommended level of effort for the Phase 

IB archaeological study. A description of the variables and ensuing results can be found in the 

results section below. For above-ground resources, the DC2RVA Team generated a table listing 

all architectural resources over 48 years in age within the project parcels and a 0.5-mile (0.8-km) 

radius of the project area. 

3
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

BACKGROUND REVIEW 

Prior to conducting fieldwork, Dovetail conducted a background review of the ASBP segment 

to identify previous cultural resource surveys within 100 feet (30.5 m) of the segment limits of 

disturbance (LOD), previously recorded architectural resources within a 0.5-mile (0.8-km) 

radius around the APE, and previously recorded archaeological sites within 0.5-mile (0.8-km) 

radius of the LOD. This task included an evaluation of DHR files, maps, and reports and Civil 

War Sites Advisory Committee (CWSAC) maps to obtain the required information. The goal 

was to provide data on previously recorded resources to aid in the evaluation of properties 

identified during the current survey. 

4.1 PREVIOUS SURVEYS 

No previous cultural resource surveys occurred within, abutting, or within 100 feet (30.5 m) of 

the ASBP segment LOD; however, several surveys have taken place within 500 feet (152.4 m) of 

the ASBP segment LOD. In 1988, DHR awarded a matching grant to the Hanover County Board 

of Supervisors for a reconnaissance-level survey of Hanover County’s historic resources 

conducted by Land and Community Associates (Neville et al. 1990). This grant was specifically 

for the documentation and evaluation of 450 historic architectural resources located in Hanover 

County. A second phase of survey commenced in June 1991 to document an additional 400 

architectural resources (Neville et al. 1992). A combined report detailed the results of the Phase I 

survey for 950 properties, specifying exemplary and representative examples of several types of 

historic resources that exist in the county. Eligibility recommendations were made for all of the 

properties surveyed during this effort and of the 950 total, approximately 155 resources were 

recommended as potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP. 

Ashley Neville, owner of Ashley Neville, LLC, completed an architectural survey of 

approximately 72,897 acres in western Hanover County in 2015 (Neville and Pennington 2012). 

Seventy-nine properties were recorded and of those Neville recommended ten for additional 

research to determine their NRHP potential: 042-5325, 042-5326, 042-5347, 042-5353, 042-5362, 

042-5370, 042-5374, 042-5376, 042-5378, and 042-5387. Furthermore, Ashley Neville, LLC 

recommended that the Beaverdam village be studied as a potential district and a Multiple 

Property Documents investigation of rural stores in Hanover County be conducted. 

In 1998, the Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC) completed two large-scale bridge 

surveys in the Commonwealth of Virginia: the survey of metal truss bridges and the survey of 

movable span bridges (Miller and Clark 1998a, 1998b). In the 1970s VRTC completed a study 

that focused on pre-1932 metal truss bridges; this late-1990s study “rectifies the lack of 

information on post-1932 metal truss bridges and establishes an historical context for all of 

Virginia’s metal truss bridges” (Miller and Clark 1998a). During the field survey, VRTC 

4
BACKGROUND REVIEW 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

identified 245 extant metal truss bridges owned by the Virginia Department of Transportation 

(VDOT). Of those, they recommended that 32 are eligible for listing in the NRHP. 

This study of Virginia’s movable span bridges, completed as part of a 1994 Memorandum of 

Agreement (MOA) between VDOT, FHWA, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and 

DHR, included a field survey of all 20 extant movable span bridges; however only those that 

were over 40 years of age at the time of survey and owned by VDOT were evaluated for NRHP 

for the NRHP (n=11). Following the survey, “out of eleven extant, pre-1960 movable span 

bridges under VDOT ownership or management, none were determined to be eligible for the 

National Register of Historic Places, reflecting the extremely commonplace engineering and 

technology of these structures” (Miller and Clark 1998b). 

4.2 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES 

A total of 129 architectural properties has been previously recorded within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of 

the ASBP segment architectural APE (See table in Appendix A). Of those, five resources have 

been previously determined eligible for, or are listed in, the NRHP by DHR staff. Maplewood 

(042-0051) is a circa-1912 Colonial Revival dwelling with a boxwood garden, shed, and garage. 

As an excellent surviving example of this early-twentieth century architectural style, 

Maplewood was determined eligible for the NRHP in 1992 (DHR 2016). Montevideo (042-0392), 

a circa-1790, two-story, brick building was determined eligible in 1994 for its local significance 

in the areas of architecture and agriculture. In 2013, the DHR State Review Board determined 

that the circa-1928 Speers Gas Station in the town of Ashland (166-0009) is eligible for the NRHP 

under Criteria A and C as an excellent example of the “house type” gas station (DHR 2016). The 

Ashland Historic District (166-0001) is within the town of Ashland, Virginia. The district is 

divided by railroad tracks and features a mix of residential, commercial, civic, educational, 

religious, and light industrial resources. The district was nominated to the NRHP in 1982 and 

was listed in February 1983 (VHLC 1982). The final eligible resource is the Taylorsville Historic 

District (042-5307), which comprises 14 contributing primary resources and three noncontributing primary resources. The buildings within this district were constructed from circa1860 throughout the mid-twentieth century. It was determined eligible for the NRHP in 2011 by 

DHR staff (DHR 2016). Two additional resources were previously determined potentially 

eligible: 088-5413 and 043-5347. The portion of the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac 

Railroad (088-5413) spans Caroline, Hanover, Henrico, and Spotsylvania counties and the town 

of Ashland. DHR staff determined that this resource is potentially eligible for the NRHP under 

Criterion A in the area of transportation. The Richmond-Ashland Trolley Line (043-5347) is an 

early-twentieth century line that, as the name suggests serviced passengers between Ashland 

and Richmond until the late 1930s. DHR determined that this resource is potentially eligible for 

the NRHP in 2014 and a recent survey in September of 2016 recommended that the boundary be 

expanded to the north; however DHR has not yet formally evaluated this boundary expansion. 

Seven of the 129 architectural properties previously recorded within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of the 

ASBP segment architectural APE were determined not eligible for listing by DHR staff (042-

0106, 042-0117, 042-0341, 042-5014, 042-5033, 042-5449, and 042-5761). 

Twenty-eight resources were surveyed as part of a previous survey completed as part of the 

DC2RVA project (Chase 2016; Peckler 2016). Twenty-seven of these resources was 

recommended not eligible for individual listing in the NRHP; one resource, the Richmond, 
BACKGROUND REVIEW 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 4-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad Historic District (500-0001) was recommended 

potentially eligible as part of the DC2RVA survey. 

The remaining 87 resources have not been formally evaluated for the NRHP. Most of these 

resources are single-family dwellings constructed in the nineteenth and early- to mid-twentieth 

centuries. One of the outliers is Greenfield (042-0391). It was constructed around 1790 with a 

hall-and-parlor plan and, according to the 1990 survey, includes several outbuildings including 

a silo, gazebo, barn, a tenant house, two sheds, and two corn cribs (DHR 2016). Another 

unevaluated resource is Greenland (042-5760), a large property comprising comprising 

earthworks, a cemetery, kitchen, barn, and garden (Wade 2016). Other outliers include three 

buildings located in the town of Ashland constructed between 1973 and 1985 along Route 1 

(166-0042, 166-0043, and 166-0044), two mills (042-0091 and 042-0096), two bridge-related 

resources (042-0103 and 042-0557), three schools (042-0333, 042-0395,and 042-0403), three 

cemeteries (042-0599, 042-0784, and 042-0785), one church (042-0337), one pre-1862 road bed 

(042-0777), one Civil War earthwork along the South Anna River (042-0835), one nineteenthcentury historic district (042-5048), and one turn-of-the-twentieth-century commercial building 

(166-0021). 

4.3 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 

One archaeological site has been previously recorded within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of the ASBP 

segment (Table 4-1). Prehistoric site 44HN0096 was recorded in 1978 and dated to the Early 

Archaic period. However, the DHR site form lists Kirk, LeCroy, Savannah River, Halifax, Pee 

Dee pentagonal, and triangular projectile points in the artifact assemblage. This suggests that 

occupations at the site continued throughout the Archaic and Woodland periods. No site type is 

listed on the site form and the site has not been evaluated by the DHR. 

TABLE 4-1: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WITHIN 0.5 MILES (0.8 KM) OF THE ASBP SEGMENT 

Site Number Name/Type Temporal Period NRHP Designation Comments 

44HN 0096 Lewis Mills 

Site/No Data Early Archaic Not Evaluated Inspection of Informant Collection, 1978 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

RESULTS 

The cultural resource investigation of the ASBP segment of the DC2RVA Project involved Phase 

IA architectural and archaeological surveys. The Phase IA architectural survey consisted of a 

windshield survey of all above-ground resources over 48 years in age within the Project’s 

architectural APE. Both previously recorded properties and newly recorded resources were 

noted during the current Phase IA architectural survey. The Phase IA archaeological survey 

included a pedestrian survey of the APE to identify any areas that could warrant Phase 

I/identification-level studies on this segment in the future. 

5.1 ARCHITECTURAL RESULTS 

The reconnaissance architectural study of the ASBP segment of the Project included noting all 

above-ground resources over 48 years in age within the Project’s architectural APE. 

In total, 119 above-ground resources over 48 years old were noted from the roadway during the 

vehicular survey. Of those, the Team identified 17 resources (042-0340, 042-0342, 042-0556, 042-

0777, 042-0556, 042-5048, and 042-5731, 042-5732, 042-5733, 042-5734, 042-5745, 042-5746, 042-

5749, 042-5751, 042-5752, 042-5767, 042-5768, and 500-0001/088-5413) that were included in the 

reconnaissance architectural survey of the North Doswell to Elmont (NDEL) segment, the 

survey of structures within the entire DC2RVA corridor, or the survey of DC2RVA road 

improvements. They were detailed in those reports for as part of the survey and the Project 

Team gave each resource an NRHP eligibility recommendation that time (Chase 2016; Peckler 

2016; Staton and Lesiuk 2016). As such, a revisit was not required as part of the current Phase IA 

study and they are not shown on the maps within this report. In addition, they do not require 

additional field investigation during future Phase IB study of the ASBP segment. One 

additional resource, Willow Springs (042-5761) was determined not eligible for listing in the 

NRHP by DHR staff in 2016. Because this resource received a formal eligibility determination 

less than five years ago, it does not require a revisit as part of the Phase IB study. 

The remaining 101 resources are made up of 96 single-family dwellings, two mills, one bridge, 

one church, and one pumphouse (see Figure 5-1 –Figure 5-8 for a sample of photographs 

depicting these resource types). On a whole, most of the resources date to the late-nineteenth 

century or the first, second, and third quarters of the twentieth century; however, a few outliers 

include: Greenlands (042-5760), circa 1770; Montevideo (042-0392), circa 1790; House, Route 788 

(042-0393), circa 1850; Harris House (042-0343), circa 1870; and House, Route 657 (042-0592), 

circa 1880. 

Twelve of the 101 resources in the ASBP Segment architectural APE have been previously 

recorded with the DHR (all previously recorded resources are shown on maps in Appendix B). 

Two resources were determined eligible for listing in the NRHP: Maplewood at 12483 Elmont 

Road (042-0051) and Montevideo (042-0392). Maplewood is a circa-1920, single-family dwelling 

5
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

that is reflective of the Colonial Revival style. It was determined eligible for the NRHP in 1994 

for architecture. Montevideo is a two-story, brick dwelling constructed around 1790 in the 

Federal style. For its local significance in the areas of architecture and agriculture, Montevideo 

was determined eligible for the NRHP in 1994. One additional resource, Bridge #1003 (042-

5014), is a vehicular, four-span, concrete bridge constructed in 1925 that was determined not 

eligible for the NRHP by DHR staff in 1998. Because this determination occurred more than five 

years ago, the DC2RVA team recommends that these three resources be revisited during the 

Phase IB survey to ensure that they should retain their previous eligibility evaluations. Nine 

previously recorded resources (042-0091, 042-0096, 042-0343, 042-0361, 042-0372, 042-0393, 042-

0402, 042-0592, 042-5760) have not been formally evaluated for the NRHP by DHR staff and 

should be included in the Phase IB survey. 

The DC2RVA team identified 89 resources within the ASBP architectural APE that have not yet 

been recorded. As such, these 89 architectural resources should be the subject of a Phase IB 

identification-level study. This would include photodocumentation of each resource and any 

associated outbuildings, written notes, mapping, and compiling VCRIS packets for each 

documented property. Preliminary recommendations on potential NRHP eligibility will be 

rendered at that time. 

In sum, 18 previously recorded resources do not need to be subject to a Phase IB survey 

because they were evaluated during a previous DC2RVA survey (n=17) or determined not 

eligible for the NRHP within the last five years (n=1). The DC2RVA Team recommends that 

101 architectural resources within the ASBP segment should be included in a future Phase IB 

survey. 

FIGURE 5-1: HOLY CROSS LUTHERAN CHURCH AT 11471 ASHCAKE ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 

34), EAST OBLIQUE 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-2: HOUSE AT 10246 ASHCAKE ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 21), SOUTHWEST ELEVATION 

FIGURE 5-3: HOUSE AT 12008 YOWELL ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 17), SOUTH ELEVATION 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-4 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-4: HOUSE AT 12032 ASHCAKE ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 23), SOUTHWEST ELEVATION 

FIGURE 5-5: HOUSE AT 12100 WEST PATRICK HENRY ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 13), SOUTH 

ELEVATION 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-5 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-6: HOUSE AT 12104 WEST PATRICK HENRY ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 13), SOUTH 

ELEVATION 

FIGURE 5-7: HOUSE AT 12438 ELMONT ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 45A), WEST ELEVATION 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-6 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-8: HOUSE AT 13436 INDEPENDENCE ROAD (TEMP NUMBER 10), WEST ELEVATION 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN 

THE APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number 

Name/Address City/County Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

042-0051 Maplewood, 12483 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County ca. 1912 DHR Staff: Eligible, 9/8/1994 Include in Phase IB 

042-0091 

Cross's Mill/King's 

Pond Mill, 13395-

13405 

Independence 

Road 

Hanover 

County ca. 1900 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

042-0096 Ashland Roller 

Mills & Dam 

Hanover 

County ca. 1890 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

042-0340 Swingle House Hanover 

County 

ca. 1890 House 

Demolished; 

New 2000 

House 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042-0342 Holman, Frank, 

House 

Hanover 

County 1870 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-7 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN 

THE APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number 

Name/Address City/County Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

042‐0343

Harris House,

11332 Old Elmont

Road

Hanover 

County ca. 1870 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

042-0361 White Oak Farm Hanover 

County pre-1900 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

042-0372 

Blunt House, 

12119 West 

Patrick Henry 

Road 

Hanover 

County ca. 1900 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

042-0392 Montevideo Hanover 

County ca. 1790 DHR Staff: Eligible, 9/8/1994 Include in Phase IB 

042-0393 House, Route 788 Hanover 

County ca. 1850 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

042-0402 Lakeview, Route 

54 

Hanover 

County post-1875 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

042-0556 Hoopers Hanover 

County ca. 1810 

Current Study ongoing 

in DC2RVA Separate 

Report (Staton and 

Lesiuk 2016) 

Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-0592 House, Route 657 Hanover 

County ca. 1880 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

042-0777 Route 646 Hanover 

County Not Listed 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042-5014 Bridge #1003 Hanover 

County 1925 DHR Staff: Not Eligible, 4/1/1998 Include in Phase IB 

042-5048 Elmont Historic 

District 

Hanover 

County 

late 19th c. – 

early 20th c. 

Recommended 

Potentially Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA 

Report (Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042‐5731

House, 14315

Elletts Crossing

Road

Hanover 

County c. 1900

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042‐5732

House, 14310

Washington

Highway

Hanover 

County ca. 1952

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-8 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN 

THE APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number 

Name/Address City/County Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

042‐5733

Electrical Building,

14300 Washington

Highway

Hanover 

County ca. 1950

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042‐5734

House, 14281

Washington

Highway

Hanover 

County ca. 1945 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042‐5745 Farmstead, 11328

Old Elmont Road

Hanover 

County ca. 1920 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042‐5746 House, 11316 Old

Elmont Road

Hanover 

County ca. 1900 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042‐5749

Commercial

Building, 11262

Elmont Road

Hanover 

County ca. 1960

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042‐5751 House, 11287

Tyson Trail

Hanover 

County ca. 1940 

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042‐5752 House, 11305

Tyson Trail  

Hanover 

County ca. 1950

Recommended Not 

Eligible in Previous 

DC2RVA Report 

(Peckler 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

042-5760

Greenlands, 11357 

Cross Corner 

Road

Hanover 

County ca. 1770 Not Evaluated Include in Phase IB 

042-5761

Willow Springs, 

14238 Blunts 

Bridge Road

Hanover 

County ca. 1888 DHR Staff: Not Eligible, 2016 

Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042‐5767

Bridge, Ellet's

Crossing over CSX

Tracks  

Hanover 

County 1925 

Recommended Not 

Individually 

Eligible/Contributing 

to the RF&P Historic 

District, 500-0001 in 

Previous DC2RVA 

Report (Chase 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-9 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN 

THE APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number 

Name/Address City/County Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

042‐5768 Bridge, Route 1

over CSX Tracks

Hanover 

County 1968 

Recommended Not 

Individually 

Eligible/NonContributing to the 

RF&P Historic 

District, 500-0001 in 

Previous DC2RVA 

Report (Chase 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

500-0001 / 

088-5413 

Richmond 

Fredericksburg, 

and Potomac 

Railroad Historic 

District 

Multiple ca. 1837-1943

Recommended 

Potentially Eligible 

Previous DC2RVA 

Report (Chase 2016) 

Phase IB Not Required 

4 

House, 11063 

Cross Corner 

Road 

Hanover 

County 1953 N/A Include in Phase IB 

6 House, 14247 

Blunts Bridge Road 

Hanover 

County 1890 N/A Include in Phase IB 

7 

House and 

Cemetery, 14158 

Independence 

Road 

Hanover 

County 1900 N/A Include in Phase IB 

8 House, 11447 

Governors Lane 

Hanover 

County 1939 N/A Include in Phase IB 

9 

House, 13480 

Independence 

Road 

Hanover 

County 1967 N/A Include in Phase IB 

10 House, 13436 

Independence Hall 

Hanover 

County 1947 N/A Include in Phase IB 

11 

House, 12079 W. 

Patrick Henry 

Road 

Hanover 

County 1967 N/A Include in Phase IB 

13 

Houses, 12100-

12104 Block of 

West Patrick 

Henry Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

15 

House, 11468 

West Patrick 

Henry Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1943 N/A Include in Phase IB 

17 House, 12008 

Yowell Road 

Hanover 

County 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

19 House, 12467 

Quailwood Lane 

Hanover 

County pre-1969 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-10 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN 

THE APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number 

Name/Address City/County Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

21 House, 12046 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County ca. 1958 N/A Include in Phase IB 

22 House, 12038 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1958 N/A Include in Phase IB 

23 House, 12032 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1962 N/A Include in Phase IB 

24 House, 12081 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

25 House, 12075 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1940 N/A Include in Phase IB 

26 House, 12067 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

27 House, 12059 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1949 N/A Include in Phase IB 

28 House, 12039 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1957 N/A Include in Phase IB 

29 House, 12027 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1957 N/A Include in Phase IB 

30 House, 12017 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1890 N/A Include in Phase IB 

31 House, 12009 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 

32 

House, 12395 

Wildwood 

Boulevard 

Hanover 

County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 

33 

House, 12385 

Wildwood 

Boulevard 

Hanover 

County pre-1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

34 

Holy Cross 

Lutheran Church, 

11515 Ashcake 

Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

35 House, 11497 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

36 House, 11471 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1959 N/A Include in Phase IB 

37 House, 11467, 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1957 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-11 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN 

THE APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number 

Name/Address City/County Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

38 House, 11427 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1918 N/A Include in Phase IB 

39 House, 11415 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

40 House, 11403 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1944 N/A Include in Phase IB 

41 House, 11397 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1957 N/A Include in Phase IB 

42 House, 12378 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1945 N/A Include in Phase IB 

43 House, 11371 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 

44 House, 11402 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1890 N/A Include in Phase IB 

45 House, 12464 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1960 N/A Include in Phase IB 

46 House, 12470 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1959 N/A Include in Phase IB 

47 House, 12478 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

48 House. 11387 

Hanover Avenue 

Hanover 

County pre-1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

49 House, 11383 

Hanover Road 

Hanover 

County 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

50 House, 11392 

Hanover Avenue 

Hanover 

County 1951 N/A Include in Phase IB 

51 House, 11382 

Hanover Avenue 

Hanover 

County 1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

52 

House, 12320 

Wildwood 

Boulevard 

Hanover 

County 1963 N/A Include in Phase IB 

53 

House, 12319 

Wildwood 

Boulevard 

Hanover 

County ca. 1963 N/A Include in Phase IB 

54 

House, 12311 

Wildwood 

Boulevard 

Hanover 

County 1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-12 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN 

THE APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number 

Name/Address City/County Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

55 House, 12372 Lees 

Lane 

Hanover 

County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

56 House, 12368 Lees 

Lane 

Hanover 

County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

57 House, 12362 Lees 

Lane 

Hanover 

County 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

58 House, 12014 

Sunset Drive 

Hanover 

County 1967 N/A Include in Phase IB 

59 House, 12008 

Sunset Drive 

Hanover 

County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

60 House, 12002 

Sunset Drive 

Hanover 

County ca. 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

61 

House, 12299 

Wildwood 

Boulevard 

Hanover 

County 1969 N/A Include in Phase IB 

62 

House, 12304 

Wildwood 

Boulevard 

Hanover 

County 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

63 

House, 12310 

Wildwood 

Boulevard 

Hanover 

County 1965 N/A Include in Phase IB 

64 

House, 12314 

Wildwood 

Boulevard 

Hanover 

County 1967 N/A Include in Phase IB 

65 House, 12017 

Sunset Drive 

Hanover 

County 1964 N/A Include in Phase IB 

66 House, 12297 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

67 House, 12190 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

68 House, 12180 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

69 House, 12176 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

70 House, 12172 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

71 House, 12166 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1955 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-13 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN 

THE APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number 

Name/Address City/County Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

72 House, 12156 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

73 House, 12146 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1947 N/A Include in Phase IB 

74 House, 12134 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

75 

House, 11348 

Gwathmey Church 

Road 

Hanover 

County 1947 N/A Include in Phase IB 

76 

House, 11342 

Gwathmey Church 

Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

77 House, 12039 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

78 House, 12048 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

79 House, 12031 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

80 House, 12025 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

81 House, 12005 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1962 N/A Include in Phase IB 

82 House, 11509 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1969 N/A Include in Phase IB 

83 House, 11505 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1942 N/A Include in Phase IB 

84 House, 11501 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1942 N/A Include in Phase IB 

85 House, 11389 

Loving Drive 

Hanover 

County pre-1966 N/A Include in Phase IB 

86 House, 11397 

Loving Drive 

Hanover 

County 1962 N/A Include in Phase IB 

87 House, 11404 

Shady Farm Lane 

Hanover 

County 1962 N/A Include in Phase IB 

88 House, 11491 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1961 N/A Include in Phase IB 

89 House, 11481 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1953 N/A Include in Phase IB 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-14 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF NOTED ABOVE-GROUND RESOURCES OVER 48 YEARS OLD IN 

THE APE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number/

Temp 

Number 

Name/Address City/County Date of 

Construction 

Previous 

Eligibility 

Recommendation 

Phase IB 

Recommendation 

94 House, 14289 

Blunts Bridge Road 

Hanover 

County ca. 1950 N/A Include in Phase IB 

96 House, 11496 

Governors Lane 

Hanover 

County 1886 N/A Include in Phase IB 

97 House, 11401 

Governors Lane 

Hanover 

County 

ca. 1970 house, 

but older 

outbuildings? 

N/A Include in Phase IB 

101 House, 11460 

Yowell Road 

Hanover 

County 1948 N/A Include in Phase IB 

104 Pumphouse, 

Sunset Drive 

Hanover 

County pre-1968 N/A Include in Phase IB 

105 

House, 11332 

Gwathmey Church 

Road 

Hanover 

County 1945 N/A Include in Phase IB 

27a House, 12053 

Ashcake Road 

Hanover 

County 1900 N/A Include in Phase IB 

45a House, 12438 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1910 N/A Include in Phase IB 

66a House, 12204 

Elmont Road 

Hanover 

County 1953 N/A Include in Phase IB 

Source: Dovetail, 2016. 

5.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESULTS 

The approximately 162.1-acre (65.6-ha) ASBP segment is located in Hanover County. On its 

northern end, the ASBP segment LOD begins along the existing CSX railroad grade, 

approximately 6,000 feet (1,828.8 m) north of the existing railroad crossing at U.S. Route 1. After 

following the grade southward for 500 feet (152.4 m), the segment LOD veers to the southwest, 

beginning a western loop around Ashland, Virginia before returning to the existing CSX grade 

approximately 1,500 feet (457.2 m) north of the railroad crossing at Elmont Road. From this 

point, the LOD follows the existing grade southward for 700 feet (213.4 m) to the southern 

corridor terminus. In addition to examining ASBP segment LOD associated with the rail 

corridor, this survey also examined six areas of proposed road improvements within the LOD 

associated with six proposed rail line crossings. Throughout most of the ASBP segment, the 

project area is defined by agricultural fields and forested lots, with scattered rural home sites 

and small residential developments. Many of the rural home sites are historic in nature and will 

likely have historic archaeological sites associated with them. 

Visual reconnaissance began at the northern end of the ASBP segment LOD along the existing 

CSX grade. The LOD in this northernmost section exhibits evidence of heavy disturbance from 

grading associated with the existing railroad (Figure 5-9). Once the ASBP segment leaves the 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-15 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

existing rail grade, it passes through a wooded area between the grade and U.S. Route 1 which 

is mainly defined by bluffs overlooking Falling Creek. With the exception of slope in excess of 

15 percent on the sides of these bluffs and small localized inundated areas, this portion of the 

LOD corridor is considered testable (Figure 5-10 through 5-12). 

The ASBP segment crossing of U.S. Route 1 is the first area of proposed road improvements. 

The LOD for these improvements include approximately 3,700 feet (1,127.8 m) along U.S. Route 

1, as well as the entirety of Attkisson Road and short sections of Cross Corner Road and Elletts 

Crossing Road which intersect with U.S. Route 1. This portion of the LOD all appears disturbed 

by grading and filling associated with road construction, as well as the presence of buried 

utilities and is considered not testable (Figure 5-13 through 5-16). 

FIGURE 5-9: VIEW OF THE NORTHERN END OF THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG THE EXISTING 

CSX GRADE, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-16 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-10: VIEW OF THE EDGE OF A BLUFF IN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN THE 

EXISTING CSX GRADE AND U.S. ROUTE 1, LOOKING SOUTH 

FIGURE 5-11: VIEW OF A HIGH PROBABILITY LANDFORM IN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN 

THE EXISTING CSX GRADE AND U.S. ROUTE 1, LOOKING SOUTHWEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-17 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-12: VIEW OF SLOPE UP TO A BLUFF IN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN THE 

EXISTING CSX GRADE AND U.S. ROUTE 1, LOOKING SOUTHWEST 

FIGURE 5-13: VIEW OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG 

U.S. ROUTE 1, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-18 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-14: VIEW OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG 

ATTKISSON ROAD, LOOKING NORTH 

FIGURE 5-15: VIEW OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG 

CROSS CORNER ROAD, LOOKING EAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-19 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-16: VIEW OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG 

ELLETTS CROSSING ROAD, LOOKING EAST-SOUTHEAST 

Between U.S. Route 1 and Blunts Bridge Road, the ASBP segment continues through alternating 

pastures, wooded lots, and rural home sites along the north side of Falling Creek. Buildings 

associated with two of these rural home sites, an office/work shed for a landscaping company 

whose owner lives in the home on the property, and outbuildings behind the main house at 

Greenlands (042-5760), are in the segment LOD. The property owner of Greenlands and the 

parcel immediately south both indicated the presence of possible Civil War resources and a 

cemetery in the vicinity of the ASBP LOD. Fieldwork indicated that these parcels remain intact 

and should be subjected to Phase IB archaeological survey to identify these purported deposits 

and any other yet undiscovered archaeological resources. With the exception of slope in excess 

of 15 percent and small localized inundated areas, this portion of the corridor LOD is 

considered testable (Figure 5-17 through 5- 20). 

The ASBP segment crossing of Blunts Bridge Road is the second area of proposed road 

improvements. The LOD for these improvements include approximately 3,700 feet (1,127.8 m) 

along Blunts Bridge Road, as well as a short section of Cross Corner Road which intersects with 

Blunts Bridge Road and an access spur coming off the south side of Blunts Bridge Road starting 

in a gravel driveway. Portions of this road improvement area along Blunts Bridge Road, 

particularly in the wider portions in the center, are likely testable. The access spur location 

beyond the end of the gravel driveway is also likely testable, as is a narrow strip along the 

northwest side of the short section of Cross Corner Road. The remainder of LOD within this 

proposed road improvement area is probably untestable due to narrowness and disturbances 

such as roadside ditches associated with Blunts Bridge Road (Figure 5-21 through 5-24). 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-20 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-17: VIEW OF PASTURE WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN U.S. ROUTE 1 AND 

BLUNTS’S BRIDGE ROAD, LOOKING SOUTHWEST 

FIGURE 5-18: VIEW OF A WOODED LOT WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN U.S. ROUTE 

1 AND BLUNTS’S BRIDGE ROAD, LOOKING SOUTHWEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-21 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-19: VIEW OF THE LANDSCAPING OFFICE/WORK SHED WITHIN THE ASBP 

SEGMENT BETWEEN U.S. ROUTE 1 AND BLUNTS’S BRIDGE ROAD, LOOKING NORTHEAST 

FIGURE 5-20: VIEW OF AN OUTBUILDING BEHIND THE MAIN HOUSE A GREENLANDS 

WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN U.S. ROUTE 1 AND BLUNTS’S BRIDGE ROAD, 

LOOKING WEST-SOUTHWEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-22 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-21: VIEW OF THE CENTRAL PORTION OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN 

THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG BLUNTS BRIDGE ROAD, LOOKING EAST-SOUTHEAST. TESTING 

IS LIKELY BEYOND THE DITCHES ON BOTH SIDES 

FIGURE 5-22: VIEW OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG 

CROSS CORNER ROAD AT THE BLUNTS BRIDGE ROAD INTERSECTION, LOOKING 

NORTHEAST. A NARROW STRIP ALONG THE NORTHWEST SIDE IN THE FIELD APPEARS 

TESTABLE 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-23 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-23: VIEW OF THE ACCESS SPUR WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT OFF THE SOUTH 

SIDE OF BLUNTS BRIDGE ROAD, LOOKING WEST 

FIGURE 5-24: VIEW OF A NARROW PORTION OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN THE 

ASBP SEGMENT ALONG BLUNTS BRIDGE ROAD, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-24 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

Between Blunts Bridge Road and State Route 54 (West Patrick Henry Road), the ASBP segment 

continues through alternating agricultural fields, wooded lots, and rural home sites along the 

north side of Falling Creek until crossing over Falling Creek approximately 750 feet (228.6 m) 

north of the intersection of Route 54 and Independence Road. No buildings in this portion of the 

ASBP segment LOD are actually in the corridor, although it does pass very close to buildings on 

two properties. With the exception of slope in excess of 15 percent and small localized 

inundated areas, this portion of the LOD is considered testable (Figure 5-25 through 5-27). 

The ASBP segment crossing of State Route 54 is the third area of proposed road improvements. 

The LOD for these improvements include approximately 3,700 feet (1,127.8 m) along Route 54, 

as well as a short section of Independence Road which intersects with Route 54. The LOD here 

is so narrow that the portions on the sides of the roads are likely disturbed by activities 

associated with road construction and not testable (Figure 5-28). 

FIGURE 5-25: VIEW OF AN AGRICULTURAL FIELD WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN 

BLUNTS BRIDGE ROAD AND STATE ROUTE 54, LOOKING NORTHEAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-25 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-26: VIEW OF A WOODED LOT WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN BLUNTS 

BRIDGE ROAD AND STATE ROUTE 54, LOOKING NORTH-NORTHEAST 

FIGURE 5-27: VIEW OF THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN BLUNTS BRIDGE ROAD AND STATE 

ROUTE 54 PASSING BETWEEN BUILDINGS AT A RURAL HOUSE SITE, LOOKING SOUTHEAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-26 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-28: VIEW OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG 

STATE ROUTE 54, LOOKING EAST. THE INTERSECTION WITH INDEPENDENCE ROAD IS 

VISIBLE IN THE DISTANCE 

Between State Route 54 and Ashcake Road, the ASBP segment moves away from the south side 

of Falling Creek, turning more to the south and then the south-southeast and enters the Stoney 

Run drainage. The segment LOD continues through alternating agricultural fields and forested 

areas, and also crosses Yowell Road. The segment LOD also passes between three dwellings at 

the north end of Quailwood Lane north of Ashcake Road. South of Yowell Road, the ASBP 

segment LOD passes just outside of the western fenceline of a wastewater pumping station. 

This portion of the ASBP segment LOD is considered testable except for approximately 500 feet 

(152.4 m) where it crosses the pumping station access road and another 500 feet (152.4 m) where 

it crosses the west side of the pumping station facility, as well as slope in excess of 15 percent 

and small localized inundated areas (Figure 5-29 through 5-32). 

The ASBP segment crossing of Yowell Road is the fourth area of proposed road improvements. 

The LOD for these improvements include approximately 3,600 feet (1,097.3 m) along Yowell 

Road, as well as an access spur corridor leading from the south side of Yowell Road to the east 

side of the pumping station. Portions of the LOD within this road improvement area along 

Yowell Road, particularly in the wider portions in the center, are likely testable. The access spur 

location is also likely testable, with the exception of the very end where it enters the graded 

pumping station lot. The remainder of this proposed road improvement area is probably 

untestable due to disturbances such as buried utilities, fence lines, and roadside ditches 

associated with Yowell Road (Figure 5-33 through 5-34). 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-27 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-29: VIEW OF AN AGRICULTURAL FIELD WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN 

STATE ROUTE 54 AND ASHCAKE ROAD, LOOKING SOUTH 

FIGURE 5-30: VIEW OF AN FORESTED AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN STATE 

ROUTE 54 AND ASHCAKE ROAD, LOOKING SOUTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-28 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-31: VIEW OF TWO OF THREE DWELLINGS AT THE NORTH END OF QUAILWOOD 

LANE FROM THE ASBP SEGMENT LOD BETWEEN STATE ROUTE 54 AND ASHCAKE ROAD, 

LOOKING WEST 

FIGURE 5-32: VIEW OF ACCESS ROAD DISTURBANCE JUST WEST OF THE WASTEWATER 

PUMPING STATION IN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN STATE ROUTE 54 AND ASHCAKE 

ROAD, LOOKING NORTH-NORTHWEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-29 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-33: VIEW OF THE CENTRAL PORTION OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN 

THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG YOWELL ROAD ROAD, LOOKING WEST. TESTING IS LIKELY 

BEYOND THE DITCHES ON BOTH SIDES 

FIGURE 5-34: VIEW OF THE ACCESS SPUR CORRIDOR WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT OFF THE 

SOUTH SIDE OF BLUNTS BRIDGE ROAD, LOOKING SOUTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-30 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

The Ashcake Road crossing by the ASBP segment is the fifth area of proposed road 

improvements. The LOD for these improvements include approximately 4,600 feet (1,402.1 m) 

along Ashcake Road. The LOD at the center of the road improvement corridor actually 

separates from the existing Ashcake Road just west of Quailwood Lane, looping slightly to the 

north through an active agricultural field planted in corn at the time of the survey, before 

rejoining the existing Ashcake Road approximately 1,800 feet (548.6 m) to the east. This portion 

of the LOD within the proposed road improvement corridor is testable. The portions east and 

west of this central area are considered untestable for being narrow and disturbed by roadside 

ditches (Figure 5-35 through 5-37). 

Between Ashcake Road and Elmont Road, the ASBP segment passes through substantial 

forested areas, as well as agricultural fields, two small residential developments, and an open 

grassy area containing a large, unmarked storage tank (presumably for water) and attached 

cubical building presumably containing pumping machinery. There is also a narrow access spur 

following an existing driveway at the west end of Farmers Inn Lane. Three total buildings 

within the two residential developments fall within the LOD. With the exception of the narrow 

access spur, slope in excess of 15 percent, and small localized inundated areas, this portion of 

the ASBP segment is considered testable (Figure 5-38 through 5-42). 

FIGURE 5-35: VIEW OF THE LOCATION WHERE THE ROAD IMPROVEMENT CORRIDOR 

ALONG ASHCAKE ROAD WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BEGINS LOOPING TO THE NORTH 

THROUGH CORNFIELDS, LOOKING WEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-31 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-36: VIEW OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT CORRIDOR JUST NORTH OF ASHCAKE ROAD 

WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT LOOPING THROUGH A CORNFIELD, LOOKING EAST 

FIGURE 5-37: VIEW OF A NARROW PORTION OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT CORRIDOR ALONG 

ASHCAKE ROAD WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT, LOOKING EAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-32 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-38: VIEW OF AN FORESTED AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN 

ASHCAKE ROAD AND ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING SOUTHWEST 

FIGURE 5-39: VIEW OF AN AGRICULTURAL FIELD WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN 

ASHCAKE ROAD AND ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING NORTH-NORTHWEST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-33 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-40: VIEW OF A PORTION OF A SMALL RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE 

ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN ASHCAKE ROAD AND ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING NORTHNORTHWEST 

FIGURE 5-41: VIEW OF THE OPEN, GRASSY AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN 

ASHCAKE ROAD AND ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING NORTH-NORTHWEST. THE LARGE, 

UNMARKED STORAGE TANK AND ATTACHED CUBICAL BUILDING ARE VISIBLE IN THE 

UPPER RIGHT OF THE FRAME 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-34 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-42: VIEW OF THE NARROW ACCESS SPUR FOLLOWING THE EXISTING DRIVEWAY 

WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT BETWEEN ASHCAKE ROAD AND ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING 

SOUTHWEST 

The Elmont Road crossing by the ASBP segment is the sixth area of proposed road 

improvements within the LOD. These improvements include approximately 3,500 feet (1,066.8 

m) along Elmont Road. With the exception of the narrow final 500 feet (152.4 m) at the north 

and south ends, this road improvement area appears be wide enough to have testable swaths 

beyond drainage ditches and buried utilities on both sides of Elmont Road (Figure 5-43 through 

5-45). 

South and east of Elmont Road, the ASBP segment initially passes through a lawn area and a 

dwelling before entering a substantial wooded area. South of this wooded area, the LOD crosses 

a powerline cut before entering pasture approximately 100 feet east of a rural house site. The 

segment LOD then enters additional woods as it rejoins the existing CSX railroad grade. This 

entire portion of the ASBP segment is considered testable, with the exception of the final 500 

feet (152.4 m) along the rail grade at the southern end, as well as slope in excess of 15 percent, 

and small localized inundated areas (Figure 5-46 through 5-50). 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-35 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-43: VIEW OF A NARROW NORTHERN ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN THE 

ASBP SEGMENT AT ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING NORTH 

FIGURE 5-44: VIEW OF A NARROW SOUTHERN ROAD IMPROVEMENT AREA WITHIN THE 

ASBP SEGMENT AT ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-36 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-45: VIEW OF A WIDER PORTION OF THE IMPROVEMENT AREA CORRIDOR 

WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT AT ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING NORTH-NORTHWEST 

FIGURE 5-46: VIEW OF THE LAWN AREA AND DWELLING WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT 

SOUTH AND EAST OF ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING SOUTH-SOUTHEAST 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-37 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-47: VIEW OF A WOODED AREA WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT SOUTH AND EAST OF 

ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING SOUTH 

FIGURE 5-48: VIEW OF A POWERLINE CUT CROSSING THE ASBP SEGMENT SOUTH AND EAST 

OF ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-38 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

FIGURE 5-49: VIEW OF PASTURE WITHIN THE ASBP SEGMENT SOUTH BEHIND A RURAL 

HOUSE SITE SOUTH AND EAST OF ELMONT ROAD, LOOKING SOUTH 

FIGURE 5-50: VIEW OF THE SOUTHERN END OF THE ASBP SEGMENT ALONG THE EXISTING 

CSX GRADE, LOOKING NORTH 
RESULTS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 5-39 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

As a result of the Phase IA archaeological reconnaissance survey, Dovetail is recommending 

that approximately 100.5 acres (40.7 ha) of the overall 162.1-acre (65.6-ha) ASBP segment 

requires Phase IB identification-level survey (62 percent) survey (see maps in Appendix C). This 

would comprise a full pedestrian survey with systematic shovel testing to identify 

archaeological sites in the APE. This equates to the excavation of approximately 1,965 shovel 

test pits (STPs). 

 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 6-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

Dovetail, on behalf of the DRPT, conducted a Phase IA cultural resource survey of the ASBP 

segment of the DC2RVA Project. The proposed Project is being completed under the auspices of 

the FRA in conjunction with DRPT. Because of FRA’s involvement, the undertaking is required 

to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National 

Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. The Project is being completed as DHR File 

Review #2014-0666. 

In total, 119 above-ground resources over 48 years old were noted from the roadway during the 

vehicular survey (Table 6-1). Of those, the DC2RVA Team identified 17 resources (042-0340, 

042-0342, 042-0556, 042-0777, 042-0556, 042-5048, and 042-5731, 042-5732, 042-5733, 042-5734, 

042-5745, 042-5746, 042-5749, 042-5751, 042-5752, 042-5767, 042-5768, and 500-0001/088-5413) 

that were included in the reconnaissance-level architectural surveys for other segments. As 

such, a revisit is not required as part of the current Phase IA study and they are not 

recommended for future Phase IB survey. One additional resource (Willow Springs, 042-5761) 

was determined not eligible for the NRHP in 2016; because of the recent determination, a revisit 

during the Phase IB survey is not necessary. Of the remaining 101 resources, 12 are previously 

recorded and 89 are unrecorded. Two of the previously recorded resources (Maplewood, 042-

0051 and Montevideo, 042-0392) were determined eligible for the NRHP by DHR staff in 1994 

and one previously recorded resource (Bridge #1003, 042-5014) was determined not eligible for 

the NRHP in 1998. These three resources should be revisited during the Phase IB survey to 

ensure that they retain characteristics exhibited during those previous eligibility 

determinations. The remaining nine previously recorded resources (042-0091, 042-0096, 042-

0343, 042-0361, 042-0372, 042-0393, 042-0402, 042-0592, and 042-5760) have not been formally 

evaluated for the NRHP. In addition to the two resources recommended eligible and the one 

resource recommend not eligible by DHR staff, the Team recommends that those nine 

unevaluated resources and the 89 newly recorded resources should be surveyed as part of the 

Phase IB study. 

The Phase IA archaeological survey found that throughout most of the ASBP segment, the 

project area is defined by agricultural fields and forested lots, with scattered rural home sites 

and small residential developments. The survey also examined six areas of proposed road 

improvements within the LOD associated with six proposed rail line crossings. Obvious 

disturbance within the ASBP segment LOD is confined to portions of these six road 

improvement areas. Therefore, as a result of the Phase IA archaeological reconnaissance survey, 

Dovetail is recommending that approximately 100.5 acres (ha) of the overall 162.1-acre (65.6-ha) 

ASBP segment requires intense, Phase IB archaeological testing (62 percent). This equates to the 

excavation of approximately 1,965 STPs. 

 

6
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project Team 

Recommendation 

042-0051 Maplewood, 12483 Elmont 

Road Hanover County ca. 1912 Include in Phase IB 

042-0091 

Cross's Mill/King's Pond Mill, 

13395-13405 Independence 

Road 

Hanover County ca. 1900 Include in Phase IB 

042-0096 Ashland Roller Mills & Dam Hanover County ca. 1890 Include in Phase IB 

042-0340 Swingle House Hanover County 

ca. 1890 House 

Demolished; 

New 2000 

House 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-0342 Holman, Frank, House Hanover County 1870 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-0343 Harris House, 11332 Old 

Elmont Road Hanover County ca. 1870 Include in Phase IB 

042-0361 White Oak Farm Hanover County pre-1900 Include in Phase IB 

042-0372 Blunt House, 12119 West 

Patrick Henry Road Hanover County ca. 1900 Include in Phase IB 

042-0392 Montevideo Hanover County ca. 1790 Include in Phase IB 

042-0393 House, Route 788 Hanover County ca. 1850 Include in Phase IB 

042-0402 Lakeview, Route 54 Hanover County post-1875 Include in Phase IB 

042-0556 Hoopers Hanover County ca. 1810 

Included in Ongoing Separate 

DC2RVA Report (Staton and Lesiuk 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-0592 House, Route 657 Hanover County ca. 1880 Include in Phase IB 

042-0777 Route 646 Hanover County 19th century 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5014 Bridge #1003 Hanover County 1925 Include in Phase IB 

042-5048 Elmont Historic District Hanover County 

late 19th 

century–early 

20th century 

Recommended Potentially Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project Team 

Recommendation 

042-5731 House, 14315 Elletts Crossing 

Road Hanover County ca. 1900 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5732 House, 14310 Washington 

Highway Hanover County ca. 1952 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5733 Electrical Building, 14300 

Washington Highway Hanover County ca. 1950 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5734 House, 14281 Washington 

Highway Hanover County ca. 1945 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5745 Farmstead, 11328 Old Elmont 

Road Hanover County ca. 1920 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5746 House, 11316 Old Elmont 

Road Hanover County ca. 1900 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5749 Commercial Building, 11262 

Elmont Road Hanover County ca. 1960 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5751 House, 11287 Tyson Trail Hanover County ca. 1940 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5752 House, 11305 Tyson Trail Hanover County ca. 1950 

Recommended Not Eligible in 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Peckler 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

042-5760 Greenlands, 11357 Cross 

Corner Road Hanover County ca. 1770 Include in Phase IB 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-4 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project Team 

Recommendation 

042-5761 Willow Springs, 14238 Blunts 

Bridge Road Hanover County ca. 1888 

DHR determined this resource not 

eligible for the NRHP in 2016; 

Additional Phase IB Not Required 

042-5767 Bridge, Ellet's Crossing over 

CSX Tracks Hanover County 1925 

Recommended Not Individually 

Eligible/Contributing to the RF&P 

Historic District, 500-0001 in Previous 

DC2RVA Report (Chase 2016); Not 

Included in Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase IB Not Required 

042-5768 Bridge, Route 1 over CSX 

Tracks Hanover County 1968 

Recommended Not Individually 

Eligible/Non-Contributing to the RF&P 

Historic District, 500-0001 in Previous 

DC2RVA Report (Chase 2016); Not 

Included in Phase IA Survey; 

Additional Phase IB Not Required 

500-0001 / 

088-5413 

Richmond Fredericksburg, 

and Potomac Railroad 

Historic District 

Multiple ca. 1837-1943 

Recommended Potentially Eligible 

Previous DC2RVA Report (Chase 

2016); Not Included in Phase IA 

Survey; Additional Phase IB Not 

Required 

4 House, 11063 Cross Corner 

Road Hanover County 1953 Include in Phase IB 

6 House, 14247 Blunts Bridge 

Road Hanover County 1890 Include in Phase IB 

7 House and Cemetery, 14158 

Independence Road Hanover County 1900 Include in Phase IB 

8 House, 11447 Governors 

Lane Hanover County 1939 Include in Phase IB 

9 House, 13480 Independence 

Road Hanover County 1967 Include in Phase IB 

10 House, 13436 Independence 

Hall Hanover County 1947 Include in Phase IB 

11 House, 12079 W. Patrick 

Henry Road Hanover County 1967 Include in Phase IB 

13 Houses, 12100-12104 Block 

of West Patrick Henry Road Hanover County pre-1968 Include in Phase IB 

15 House, 11468 West Patrick 

Henry Road Hanover County pre-1943 Include in Phase IB 

17 House, 12008 Yowell Road Hanover County 1950 Include in Phase IB 

19 House, 12467 Quailwood 

Lane Hanover County pre-1969 Include in Phase IB 

21 House, 12046 Ashcake Road Hanover County ca. 1958 Include in Phase IB 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-5 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project Team 

Recommendation 

22 House, 12038 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1958 Include in Phase IB 

23 House, 12032 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1962 Include in Phase IB 

24 House, 12081 Ashcake Road Hanover County pre-1968 Include in Phase IB 

25 House, 12075 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1940 Include in Phase IB 

26 House, 12067 Ashcake Road Hanover County pre-1968 Include in Phase IB 

27 House, 12059 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1949 Include in Phase IB 

28 House, 12039 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1957 Include in Phase IB 

29 House, 12027 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1957 Include in Phase IB 

30 House, 12017 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1890 Include in Phase IB 

31 House, 12009 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

32 House, 12395 Wildwood 

Boulevard Hanover County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

33 House, 12385 Wildwood 

Boulevard Hanover County pre-1968 Include in Phase IB 

34 Holy Cross Lutheran Church, 

11515 Ashcake Road Hanover County pre-1968 Include in Phase IB 

35 House, 11497 Ashcake Road Hanover County pre-1968 Include in Phase IB 

36 House, 11471 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1959 Include in Phase IB 

37 House, 11467, Ashcake Road Hanover County 1957 Include in Phase IB 

38 House, 11427 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1918 Include in Phase IB 

39 House, 11415 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1950 Include in Phase IB 

40 House, 11403 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1944 Include in Phase IB 

41 House, 11397 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1957 Include in Phase IB 

42 House, 12378 Elmont Road Hanover County 1945 Include in Phase IB 

43 House, 11371 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

44 House, 11402 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1890 Include in Phase IB 

45 House, 12464 Elmont Road Hanover County 1960 Include in Phase IB 

46 House, 12470 Elmont Road Hanover County 1959 Include in Phase IB 

47 House, 12478 Elmont Road Hanover County 1950 Include in Phase IB 

48 House. 11387 Hanover 

Avenue Hanover County pre-1968 Include in Phase IB 

49 House, 11383 Hanover Road Hanover County 1950 Include in Phase IB 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-6 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project Team 

Recommendation 

50 House, 11392 Hanover 

Avenue Hanover County 1951 Include in Phase IB 

51 House, 11382 Hanover 

Avenue Hanover County 1966 Include in Phase IB 

52 House, 12320 Wildwood 

Boulevard Hanover County 1963 Include in Phase IB 

53 House, 12319 Wildwood 

Boulevard Hanover County ca. 1963 Include in Phase IB 

54 House, 12311 Wildwood 

Boulevard Hanover County 1966 Include in Phase IB 

55 House, 12372 Lees Lane Hanover County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

56 House, 12368 Lees Lane Hanover County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

57 House, 12362 Lees Lane Hanover County 1965 Include in Phase IB 

58 House, 12014 Sunset Drive Hanover County 1967 Include in Phase IB 

59 House, 12008 Sunset Drive Hanover County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

60 House, 12002 Sunset Drive Hanover County ca. 1965 Include in Phase IB 

61 House, 12299 Wildwood 

Boulevard Hanover County 1969 Include in Phase IB 

62 House, 12304 Wildwood 

Boulevard Hanover County 1965 Include in Phase IB 

63 House, 12310 Wildwood 

Boulevard Hanover County 1965 Include in Phase IB 

64 House, 12314 Wildwood 

Boulevard Hanover County 1967 Include in Phase IB 

65 House, 12017 Sunset Drive Hanover County 1964 Include in Phase IB 

66 House, 12297 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1968 Include in Phase IB 

67 House, 12190 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

68 House, 12180 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

69 House, 12176 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

70 House, 12172 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

71 House, 12166 Elmont Road Hanover County 1955 Include in Phase IB 

72 House, 12156 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

73 House, 12146 Elmont Road Hanover County 1947 Include in Phase IB 

74 House, 12134 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-7 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE 6-1: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED RESOURCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

DHR 

Number Name City/County Date of Construction 

DC2RVA Project Team 

Recommendation 

75 House, 11348 Gwathmey 

Church Road Hanover County 1947 Include in Phase IB 

76 House, 11342 Gwathmey 

Church Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

77 House, 12039 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

78 House, 12048 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

79 House, 12031 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

80 House, 12025 Elmont Road Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

81 House, 12005 Elmont Road Hanover County 1962 Include in Phase IB 

82 House, 11509 Elmont Road Hanover County 1969 Include in Phase IB 

83 House, 11505 Elmont Road Hanover County 1942 Include in Phase IB 

84 House, 11501 Elmont Road Hanover County 1942 Include in Phase IB 

85 House, 11389 Loving Drive Hanover County pre-1966 Include in Phase IB 

86 House, 11397 Loving Drive Hanover County 1962 Include in Phase IB 

87 House, 11404 Shady Farm 

Lane Hanover County 1962 Include in Phase IB 

88 House, 11491 Elmont Road Hanover County 1961 Include in Phase IB 

89 House, 11481 Elmont Road Hanover County 1953 Include in Phase IB 

94 House, 14289 Blunts Bridge 

Road Hanover County ca. 1950 Include in Phase IB 

96 House, 11496 Governors 

Lane Hanover County 1886 Include in Phase IB 

97 House, 11401 Governors 

Lane Hanover County 

ca. 1970 house 

with older 

outbuildings 

Include in Phase IB 

101 House, 11460 Yowell Road Hanover County 1948 Include in Phase IB 

104 Pumphouse, Sunset Drive Hanover County pre-1968 Include in Phase IB 

105 House, 11332 Gwathmey 

Church Road Hanover County 1945 Include in Phase IB 

27a House, 12053 Ashcake Road Hanover County 1900 Include in Phase IB 

45a House, 12438 Elmont Road Hanover County 1910 Include in Phase IB 

66a House, 12204 Elmont Road Hanover County 1953 Include in Phase IB 

Source: Dovetail, 2016. 

 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 8-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

REFERENCES 

Chase, Kristine 

2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey of Structures for the Washington, D.C. to 

Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project Rosslyn to Alexandria (ROAF) through 

Buckingham Brach/Hospital Wye (BBHW) Segments. Dovetail Cultural Resource 

Group, Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

Dietrich, Richard V. 

1990 Geology and Virginia. The University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville. 

Klein, Mike, Emily Calhoun, Marco Gonzalez, and Earl. E. Proper 

2015 Archaeological Background Review and Predictive Model for the Washington, D.C. to 

Richmond, Virginia, Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor. Dovetail Cultural Resource 

Group, Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

Lukezic, Craig 

1990 Soils and Settlement Location in 18th Century Colonial Tidewater Virginia. Historical 

Archaeology 24(1):1–17. 

Manning, M. Chris, and Michelle Salvato 

2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia 

High Speed Rail Project Crossroads to Guinea (XRGU), Guinea to Milford (GUMD), 

and Milford to North Doswell (MDND) Segments, Spotsylvania, Caroline, and 

Hanover Counties. Dovetail Cultural Resource Group, Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

Miller, Ann B., and Kenneth M. Clark 

1998a Survey of Metal Truss Bridges in Virginia. Virginia Transportation Research Council, 

Charlottesville, Virginia. 

1998b A Survey of Movable Span Bridges in Virginia. Virginia Transportation Research 

Council, Charlottesville, Virginia. 

Neville, Ashley, and Brenda Pennington 

2012 Update of Hanover County’s Survey of Historic Resources. Ashley Neville, LLC, 

Ashland, Virginia. 

Neville, Ashley M., Julie Gronlund, Heather Maginnis, Margarita Wuellner, J. Timothy Keller, 

and Katherine Lacy 

7
REFERENCES 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

1992 Survey of Historic Resources, Hanover County, Virginia: Phases I and II. Prepared for 

Hanover County Planning Department, Hanover, Virginia by Land and Community 

Associates, Charlottesville, Virginia. 

Neville, Ashley M., Heather E. Maginniss, Katharine T. Lacy, J. Timothy Keller, and Gregory L. 

Brittingham 

1990 Survey of Historic Resources, Hanover County, Virginia. Prepared for Hanover County 

Planning Department, Hanover, Virginia by Land and Community Associates, 

Peckler, Danae 

2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia 

High Speed Rail Project North Doswell to Elmont (NDEL), Hanover County.

Dovetail Cultural Resource Group, Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

Potter, Stephen R. 

1993 Commoners, Tribute, and Chiefs: The Development of Algonquian Culture in the Potomac 

Valley. University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville, Virginia. 

Staton, Heather Dollins, and Adriana Lesiuk 

2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey of Road Areas Associated with the Washington, 

D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project. Dovetail Cultural Resource 

Group, Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

Turner, E. Randolph 

1976 An Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Study on the Evolution of Rank Societies in 

the Virginia Coastal Plain. Ph.D. dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, State 

College, Pennsylvania. 

United States Geology Survey (USGS) 

2016 Pliocene Sand and Gravel. Mineral Resources On-Line Spatial Data. Electronic 

document, http://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmc-unit.php?unit=VApsg%3B0, 

accessed August 2016. 

Virginia Department of Historic Resource (DHR) 

2016 Various files on file at the DHR archives, Richmond, Virginia. 

Virginia Division of Mineral Resources 

1993 Geologic Map of Virginia. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Richmond. 

Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (VHLC) 

1982 Ashland Historic District, National Register of Historic Places nomination. Copy on 

file at Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond. 

Wade, Michael J. 

2016 Preliminary Information Form for Greenlands. On file at Virginia Department of 

Historic Resources, Richmond. 
REFERENCES 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 7-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

Ward, H. Trawick 

1965 Correlation of Mississippian Sites and Soil Types. Southeastern Archaeological 

Conference Bulletin 3:42–48. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail B-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND REVIEW TABLE 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

042-0051 Maplewood, Route 626 ca. 1912 DHR Staff: 

Eligible 9/8/1994 

042-0091 Cross's Mill/King's Pond Mill, Route 669 ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-0096 Ashland Roller Mills & Dam, Route 1 ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

042-0103 R.F.& P. Railroad Trestle Piers 1836 Not Evaluated 

042-0106 Gwathmey Baptist Church, Center Street Road ca. 1892 DHR Staff: Not 

Eligible 12/21/1979 

042-0112 House, Center Street ca. 1895 Not Evaluated 

042-0113 Gwathmey, Judge, House, Route 663 ca. 1891 Not Evaluated 

042-0117 Gwathmey Historic District 19th and 20th 

Century 

DHR Staff: Not 

Eligible 3/13/1984 

042-0330 Farm, 11417 Cedar Lane 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-0331 Kenwood Farm, Route 623 ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-0333 Elmont Elementary School (White), Route 626 

Near Route 801 ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-0334 Crawford Place, Kenwood/Crawford Place, 

Route 626 Near Route 801 ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

042-0335 Cobb, James E., House (Oropillo House), Route 

626 1910 Not Evaluated 

042-0336 Priddy, Henry, House, Route 626 ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-0337 Kenwood Methodist Church, Route 626 At 

Route 801 1890 Not Evaluated 

042-0338 Fogg, Tom, House, Route 801 ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

042-0339 Kirk House, Route 626 At Route 801 ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

042-0340 Swingle House, Off Route 626 ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

042-0341 Cobb Store, Route 626 At Rail Road ca. 1900 DHR Staff: Not 

Eligible 9/8/1994 

042-0342 Holman, Frank, House, Route 626 ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX B 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-2 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

042-0343 Harris House, Holman, Jim, House, Route 816 ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 

042-0344 House, Rt. 626, Route 626 ca. 1840 Not Evaluated 

042-0345 Stomping Branch Farm, Route 626 ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

042-0361 White Oak Farm, Route 657 and Route 665 pre-1900 Not Evaluated 

042-0362 Allen Farm, Route 657 At Route 679 ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

042-0371 Bungalow, Route 54 ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

042-0372 Blunt House, Patrick Henry Road, West, Route 

54 ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-0391 Greenfield, House, Route 641 ca. 1790 Not Evaluated 

042-0392 Montevideo, Route 641 ca. 1790 DHR Staff: 

Eligible 9/8/1994 

042-0393 House, Rt. 788 , Route 788 At U.S. Route 1 ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

042-0395 School at Gum Tree, Route 738, East Of Route 1 ca. 1905 Not Evaluated 

042-0402 Lakeview, Route 54 post-1875 Not Evaluated 

042-0403 Independence School, Route 669 ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

042-0420 Sinton House, Route 663 ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

042-0421 Snead House, Route 707 ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

042-0556 Hoopers, Route 667 ca. 1810 Not Evaluated 

042-0557 Dry Bridge, 10411 Old Ridge Road, Route 738 ca. 1850 Not Evaluated 

042-0558 Baker-Thompson House, 10406 Old Ridge Road, 

Route 738 ca. 1915 Not Evaluated 

042-0559 Lakewood, Route 1 ca. 1800 Not Evaluated 

042-0561 Elm Grove, Route 748 ca. 1840 Not Evaluated 

042-0573 Yowell House, At. 665 W. Of Ashland Town 

Limits ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

042-0592 House, Route 657 ca. 1880 Not Evaluated 

042-0598 Farm, Route 669 pre-1925 Not Evaluated 

042-0599 Little Bethel Methodist Church Cemetery, Route 

669 & Route 667 1895 Not Evaluated 

042-0777 Route 646, Route 646 pre-1862 Not Evaluated 

042-0784 Woodland Cemetery, Not Listed unknown Not Evaluated 

042-0785 Shiloh Baptist Cemetery, Not Listed unknown Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX B 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-3 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

042-0835 Earthworks (S. Anna River), Off Route 738 ca. 1864 Not Evaluated 

042-0841 Jenkins Log House, Route 801 ca. 1870 Not Evaluated 

042-0842 House, Route 663 unknown Not Evaluated 

042-5014 Bridge #1003, Route 1 1925 DHR Staff: Not 

Eligible 4/1/1998 

042-5033 Ashland Auto, Route 1, Route 641 ca. 1950 DHR Staff: Not 

Eligible 9/13/2001 

042-5048 Elmont Historic District, Cedar Lane/Elmont 

Road ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 

042-5159 Dwelling, 10499 Oak Ridge Road , 10499 Oak 

Ridge Road ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

042-5160 Dwelling, 10382 Old Ridge Road , 10382 Old 

Ridge Road ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

042-5162 Fairview, 10291 Oak Ridge Road ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-5188 House, 11397 Cedar Lane ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

042-5189 Maplewood, 11408 Cedar Lane ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

042-5190 House, 11147 Elmont Road ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

042-5191 House, 11151 Elmont Road ca. 1940 Not Evaluated 

042-5192 Roger Buchanan House, 11154 Elmont Road ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

042-5193 House, 11159 Elmont Road ca. 1915 Not Evaluated 

042-5194 House, 11162 Elmont Road ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

042-5195 House, 11168 Elmont Road ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-5196 House, 11257 Kenwood Church Road ca. 1945 Not Evaluated 

042-5197 Dishman House, 11243 Kenwood Church Road ca. 1945 Not Evaluated 

042-5198 Sally Vistrum House, 11233 Kenwood Church 

Road ca. 1945 Not Evaluated 

042-5199 Maxey House, 11211 Elmont Road ca. 1925 Not Evaluated 

042-5200 House, 11257 Elmont Road ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

042-5201 House, 11247 Elmont Road ca. 1925 Not Evaluated 

042-5202 Railroad House, 11248 Elmont Crossing Lane ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

042-5203 Viola House, 11222 Oak Lawn Lane ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-5204 Gilman House, 11204 Oak Lawn Lane ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-5205 House, 11284 Cobbs Road ca. 1925 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX B 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-4 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

042-5206 House, 11281 Cobbs Road ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

042-5208 House, 11320 Gawthmey Church Road ca. 1925 Not Evaluated 

042-5210 Hugo House, 11208 Gawthmey Road ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-5235 Greymont, 10462 Hickory Hill Road ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

042-5236 House, 10431 Hickory Hill Road ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

042-5307 Taylorsville Road Historic District ca. 1850 DHR Staff: 

Eligible 10/12/2001 

042-5449 Bridge ID No. 1026, Bridge Structure No. 09386, 

Bridge, Route 54 1930 DHR Staff: Not Eligible 3/21/2007 

042-5484 Clarke Cemetery post 1900 Not Evaluated 

042-5730 House, 14293 Elletts Crossing Rd ca. 1952 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5731 House, 14315 Elletts Crossing Rd ca. 1900 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5732 House, 14310 Washington Highway ca. 1952 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5733 Electrical Building, 14300 Washington Highway ca. 1950 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5734 House, 14281 Washington Highway c. 1945 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 
APPENDIX B 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-5 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

042-5735 Warehouse, 14214 Washington Highway ca.1960 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5736 Motel, 14199 Washington Highway ca.1935 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5738 Carter Family Farmstead /Farmstead Ruins, 

12173 Center Street ca.1910 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5739 Commercial Building, 11242 Gwathmey Church 

Road ca.1950 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5740 House, 11252 Gwathmey Church Rd ca.1960 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5741 House, 11258 Gwathmey Church Rd ca.1945 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5742 House, 11262 Gwathmey Church Rd ca.1945 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 
APPENDIX B 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-6 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

042-5743 House, 11261 Gwathmey Church Rd ca.1945 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5744 House, 11231 Gwathmey Church Rd ca.1940 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5745 Farmstead, 11328 Old Elmont Rd ca.1920 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5746 House, 11316 Old Elmont Rd ca.1900 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5747 House, 11287 Elmont Rd ca.1950 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5748 House, 11234 Elmont Crossing Lane ca.1948 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5749 Commercial Building, 11262 Elmont Road ca.1960 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 
APPENDIX B 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-7 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

042-5750 Cobb House, 11237 Elmont Road ca.1940 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5751 House, 11287 Tyson Trail ca.1940 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5752 House, 11305 Tyson Trail ca.1950 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5753 House, 11464 Cedar Lane ca.1960 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5754 House, 11173 Kenmont Lane ca.1910 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5755 House, 11175 Kenmont Lane ca.1945 

Not Formally 

Evaluated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Peckler 2016). 

042-5756 House, 11236 Gwathmey Church Road ca. 1950 Not Evaluated 

042-5757 House, 12075 Holly Oaks Lane ca. 1890 

Not 

Evaluated/No 

Longer Extant 

042-5758 Summer Kitchen, Hanover Female Institute ca. 1890 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX B 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-8 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

042-5760 Greenlands 11357 Cross Corner Road ca. 1770 Not Evaluated 

042-5761 Willow Springs Farms, 14238 Blunts Bridge Road ca. 1888 Not Eligible 7/21/2016 

042-5767 Bridge, Ellet's Crossing over CSX Tracks 1925 

Not Formally 

Evaluated 

valuated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Individually 

Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Chase 2016). 

042-5768 Bridge, Route 1 over CSX Tracks 1968 

Not Formally 

Evaluated 

valuated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Not Individually 

Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Chase 2016). 

043-5347 Richmond-Ashland Trolley Line ca. 1900 Potentially 

Eligible 11/4/2014 

088-5413 CSX Railroad Corridor, Richmond, 

Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad ca. 1837 

DHR Staff: 

Potentially 

Eligible 

12/19/2012 

166-0001 Ashland Historic District mid 19th c. - 

early 20th c. 

Listed VLR & 

NRHP Under 

Criteria A and C 

2/11/1983 

166-0009 BP Gas Station, 511 Thompson St, Speers Gas 

Station ca. 1928 DHR Board Det. Eligible 6/19/2016 

166-0013 Henry Clay Elementary School ca. 1920 Not Evaluated 

166-0014 Brenda Gilman House, 600 South James Street ca. 1910 Not Evaluated 

166-0021 Bryant's Store, Citation Tackle, 506 Thompson 

Street ca. 1900 Not Evaluated 

166-0022 House, 500 Thompson Street ca. 1930 Not Evaluated 

166-0042 Edging Away, 14174 Washington Highway (Route 

1) ca. 1985 Not Evaluated 

166-0043 Ako's Enso, 14174 Washington Highway (Route 

1) 1976 Not Evaluated 

166-0044 War Bonnet, 14174 Washington Highway (Route 

1) 1973 Not Evaluated 

166-0064 House, 211 West Francis Street ca. 1950 Not Evaluated 
APPENDIX B 

D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail A-9 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

TABLE A-1: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES WITHIN 0.5 MILES OF THE 

ARCHITECTURAL APE 

DHR 

Number Property Name and Address Date of Construction 

Evaluation 

Status 

Date of 

Evaluation 

166-5009 House, 504 South James Street ca. 1950 Not Evaluated 

166-5011 House, 506 South James Street ca. 1950 Not Evaluated 

500-0001 Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad 

Historic District (Historic) ca. 1837-1943 

Not Formally 

Evaluated 

valuated by 

DHR; 

Recommended 

Potentially 

Eligible for 

DC2RVA Project 

(Chase 2016). 

Source: Dovetail, 2016. 
D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail B-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

APPENDIX B: ASBP SEGMENT MAPS WITH ARCHITECTURAL 

APE 

























D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail C-1 Phase IA Cultural Resource Study, ASBP Segment 

APPENDIX C: ASBP SEGMENT MAPS WITH 

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PHASE IA RESULTS 


















Page 1 

801 E. Main St., Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

January 6, 2017 

Mr. Marc Holma 

Division of Review and Compliance 

Department of Historic Resources 

2801 Kensington Avenue 

Richmond, Virginia 22802 

RE: Cultural Resource Phase IA Reconnaissance Report/ Ashland Bypass (ASBP) 

Southeast High Speed Rail Tier II Environmental Impact Statement, Washington, DC to Richmond 

Segment. DHR #2014-0666 

Dear Marc, 

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation 

(DRPT) are continuing environmental studies associated with the Tier II Environmental Impact Statement 

for the Washington, DC to Richmond (DC2RVA) segment of the Southeast High Speed Rail corridor 

(Project). The limits of the Project extend from Control Point RO (MP CFP-110) in Arlington south to the 

CSX Transportation (“CSXT”) A-Line/CSXT-S-Line junction at MP A-11 in Centralia, Virginia (Chesterfield 

County), a distance of approximately 123 miles. This project is receiving federal funding through the 

FRA, requires permits issued by federal agencies such as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and will 

traverse federal land including parcels owned by the U.S. Marine Corps and the National Park Service 

(NPS), among others. Due to the involvement of several federal entities, the undertaking requires 

compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic 

Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended. 

The project Area of Potential Effects (APE) was approved by your agency on February 2, 2015, and the 

general approach to cultural resource studies has been the subject of numerous telephone calls, 

meetings, and emails. During our February 18, 2016 meeting, the DHR concurred that a Phase IA 

reconnaissance study of the two potential bypasses around Fredericksburg (Segment 21) and Ashland 

(Segment 22) would be a suitable first step to assessing cultural resources along the corridor given the 

preliminary nature of these alternatives. The report would present recommendations on future Phase 

IB identification studies should these alternatives be selected for the project. 

This current submittal contains the results of our Phase IA cultural resource study on the Ashland Bypass 

(ASBP). Enclosed you will find two copies of the report entitled Archaeological and Architectural Phase 

IA Study for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia, High Speed Rail Project, Ashland Bypass (ASBP) 

Segment, Hanover County. The report was authored by Heather Dollins Staton and Earl E. Proper, 
Page 2 

801 E. Main St., Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

members of the DC2RVA project team, and meets the standards set forth in both the Secretary of 

Interior’s Standards and Guidelines (1983) and the Virginia Department of Historic Resource’s (DHR) 

Guidelines for Preparing Identification and Evaluation Reports (2011).

The current study was designed to provide preliminary information on the APE and outline the potential 

for the area to contain National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-eligible cultural resources for planning 

purposes. As such, this initial study included a background review to identify previously recorded 

resources within the project footprint and within 0.5 miles of the architectural APE, a historic map 

review, a vehicular and partial pedestrian reconnaissance of the APE and surrounding viewshed to 

inspect the ASBP segment in consideration for archaeological potential and to note above-ground 

resources over 48 years in age (the age limit was developed to correspond to the anticipated 2017 

project completion date), the development of a list of architectural properties to be recorded during 

subsequent Phase IB identification-level studies, and maps showing the areas where archaeological 

Phase IB identification-level survey would be needed. 

In total, 119 above-ground resources over 48 years old were noted from the roadway during the 

vehicular survey (see Table 6-1 in the enclosed report). Of these, the DC2RVA Team identified 17 

resources (042-0340, 042-0342, 042-0556, 042-0777, 042-5048, 042-5731, 042-5732, 042-5733, 042-

5734, 042-5745, 042-5746, 042-5749, 042-5751, 042-5752, 042-5767, 042-5768, and 500-0001/088-

5413) that were included in the reconnaissance-level architectural surveys for other segments. As such, 

a revisit is not required as part of the current Phase IA study and they are not recommended for future 

Phase IB survey. One additional resource (Willow Springs, 042-5761) was determined not eligible for the 

NRHP in 2016; because of the recent determination, a revisit during the Phase IB survey is not 

necessary. Of the remaining 101 resources, 12 are previously recorded and 89 are unrecorded. Two of 

the previously recorded resources (Maplewood, 042-0051 and Montevideo, 042-0392) were determined 

eligible for the NRHP by DHR staff in 1994 and one previously recorded resource (Bridge #1003, 042-

5014) was determined not eligible for the NRHP in 1998. These three resources should be revisited 

during the Phase IB survey to ensure that they retain characteristics exhibited during those previous 

eligibility determinations. The remaining nine previously recorded resources (042-0091, 042-0096, 042-

0343, 042-0361, 042-0372, 042-0393, 042-0402, 042-0592, and 042-5760) have not been formally 

evaluated for the NRHP. In addition to the two resources recommended eligible and the one resource 

recommend not eligible by DHR staff, the Team recommends that those nine unevaluated resources and 

the 89 newly recorded resources should be surveyed as part of the Phase IB study. 

The Phase IA archaeological survey included both the bypass corridor and six road crossing modification 

areas. In general, the APE is defined by agricultural fields and forested lots, with scattered rural home 

sites and small residential developments. Obvious disturbance within the ASBP segment APE is confined 

to portions of the six road improvement areas. Most of the agricultural fields and forested lots appear to 
Page 3 

801 E. Main St., Suite 1000

Richmond, VA 23219

have the potential to contain archaeological sites. Therefore, as a result of the Phase IA archaeological 

reconnaissance survey, the Team is recommending that approximately 100.5 acres of the overall 162.1-

acre ASBP segment requires Phase IB archaeological testing (62 percent). Mapping depicting these areas 

can be found in Appendix C of the enclosed report. 

We invite your agency to concur with these recommendations within 30 days of receipt of this letter. If 

you have questions about historic property studies for this project, please do not hesitate to contact me 

at (540) 899-9170 or via email at kbarile@dovetailcrg.com. 

Sincerely, 

Kerri S. Barile, Ph.D. 

President, Dovetail Cultural Resource Group 

CC: Emily Stock, DRPT 

 John Winkle, FRA 

 John Morton, HDR 

 Carey Burch, HDR 

 Stephen Walter, Parsons
COMMONWEAL TH of VIR.GINIA 

Molly Joseph Ward 

Secretary a/Natural Resources 

3 February 2017 

Department of Historic Resou recs 

280 J Kensington Avenue, Richmond, Virginia 23221 

Dr. Kerri Barile, Ph.D. 

DC to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 

Richmond, Virginia 23219 

Julie V. Langan 

{),rec/or 

lei (804) 7>67-2323 

Fax (804) 367-2391 

""" dhrvirginia gov 

RE: Phase IA cultural resources survey for SEHSR, Washington, DC to Richmond, Virginia, Ashland 

Bypass (Segment 22) 

Chesterfield County and City of Richmond 

VDHR File No. 2014-0666 

Dear Dr. Barile: 

The Department of Historic Resources (DHR) has received for our review and comment the cultural 

resources Phase IA survey for Segment 22 (Ashland Bypass) of the Southeast High Speed Rail (SEHSR), 

Washington, DC to Richmond, Virginia (DC2RVA) corridor. The report "Archaeological and 

Architectural Phase IA Study for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia, High Speed Rail Project, 

Ashland Bypass (ASBP) Segment, Hanover County" (December 2016) prepared by the DC2RVA Project 

Team includes background data to place each recorded resource within the proper historic context and 

documents the results of preliminary architectural and archaeological fieldwork. The report also contains 

recommendations for further survey, both for architectural and archaeological resources, at the Phase IB 

level in the event that the Ashland Bypass alternative is carried forward for additional environmental study. 

The OHR concurs with the consultant's recommendation for additional architectural and archaeological survey. 

If you have any questions about our comments, please contact me at (804) 482-6090. 

C: Ms Emily Stock, DRPT 

Eastern Region Office 

280 l Kensington I\ venue 

Richmond. VA 2322 l 

Tel (804) 367-2323 

Fax (804) 367-2391 

Western Region Office 

962 Kime Lane 

Salem, VA 24153 

Tel (540) 387-5443 

Fax (540) 387-5446 

Nonhern Region Orticc 

5357 Main Street 

1'0 Box 519 

Stephens City, VA 22655 

Tel. ('i40) 868-7029 

Fax. (540) 868-7033 
COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA 

Molly Joseph Ward 

Secretmy olNatuml Resources 

3 February 2017 

Department of Historic Resources 

2801 Kensington Avenue, Richmond, Virginia 23221 

Dr. Kerri Barile, Ph.D. 

DC to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail 

801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 

Richmond, Virginia 23219 

.lulte V Langan 

/),reUor 

Tel (804) 367-23n 

Fax (804) 367-239 l 

www.dhr v1rginia gov 

RE: Phase IA cultural resources survey for SEHSR, Washington, DC to Richmond, Virginia, 

Fredericksburg Bypass (Segment 21) 

Chesterfield County and City of Richmond 

VDHR File No. 2014-0666 

Dear Dr. Barile: 

The Department of Historic Resources (OHR) has received for our review and comment the cultural 

resources Phase IA survey for Segment 21 (Fredericksburg Bypass) of the Southeast High Speed Rail 

(SEHSR), Washington, DC to Richmond, Virginia (DC2RVA) corridor. The report "Architectural 

Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia, High Speed Rail Project, 

Fredericksburg Bypass (FBBP) Segment, Stafford, Caroline, and Spotsylvania Counties" (January 2017) 

prepared by the DC2RVA Project Team includes background data to place each recorded resource within 

the proper historic context and documents the results of preliminary architectural and archaeological 

fieldwork. Although not reflected in the document's title it contains the results of an archives search for 

previously identified archaeological sites. The report also contains recommendations for further survey, 

both for architectural and archaeological resources, at the Phase lB level in the event that the 

Fredericksburg Bypass alternative is carried forward for additional environmental study. 

The OHR concurs with the consultant's recommendation for additional architectural and archaeological 

survey. 

If you have any questions about our comments, please contact me at (804) 482-6090. 

Marc Ima, Ar itectural Historian 

Review and Compliance Division 

Eastern Region Office 

2801 Kensington /\venue 

Richmond. VA 2322 l 

Tel (804) 367-2323 

Fax (804) 367-239 l 

Western Region Office 

')62 Kime Lane 

Salem, VA 24153 

Tel (540) 387-5443 

Fax (540) 387-5446 

Northern Region Office 

5357 Main Street 

ro Box 519 

Stephens City, VA 22655 

Tel ("40) 868-7029 

Fax (540) 868-7033 
C: Ms Emily Stock, DRPT