Joint Section 106 / Section 4(f) Report

Kellogg/Seminary Street Grade Separation 

Over the Burlington Northern-Santa Fe Railroad

Knox County

Galesburg, Illinois

Section No. 05-00501-21-GS

December 2011
Kellogg/Seminary Street between Main Street and Losey Street

Galesburg, Illinois

SECTION 4(f) EVALUATION

Submitted Pursuant to 49 USC 303

by the 

U.S. Department of Transportation

Federal Highway Administration

and

Illinois Department of Transportation

Date of Approval For FHWA

The following persons may be contacted for additional information concerning this document:

Norman R. Stoner, P.E. Joseph E. Crowe, P.E.

Division Administrator Deputy Director of Highways

Federal Highway Administration IDOT District 3 Engineer

3250 Executive Park Drive 401 Main Street

Springfield, Illinois 62703 Peoria, Illinois 61602

Telephone: 217-492-4640 Telephone: 309-671-2490

The recommended action is to construct a grade separation of Seminary Street/Kellogg Street over the 

BNSF Chillicothe Subdivision. The grade separation would extend from the intersection of Seminary and 

Grove Streets on the north to the intersection of Kellogg and Water Streets on the south, crossing midblock, with additional roadway improvements between Water Street and Main Street. The project 

occurs entirely within the Galesburg Historic District. Primary impacts include demolition of sixteen 

contributing structures, right-of-way acquisition from two properties with contributing structures, and 

temporary easements from six properties with structures contributing to the historic district. A total of 

four acres would be permanently taken from the historic district.
Section 106/4(f) Report

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................5

1.1 APPLICABILITY OF SECTION 106................................................................................................5

1.2 APPLICABILITY OF SECTION 4(f) ................................................................................................5

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF UNDERTAKING .................................................................................................5

2.1 PURPOSE AND NEED ................................................................................................................5

2.2 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ....................................................................................................7

2.2.1 KELLOGG STREET ..............................................................................................................8

2.2.2 SEMINARY STREET .......................................................................................................... 12

2.2.3 KELLOGG/SEMINARY STREET .......................................................................................... 15

2.3 PROPOSED ACTION ................................................................................................................ 19

3.0 HISTORIC PROPERTIES THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE UNDERTAKING.................................... 19

3.1 EFFORTS USED TO IDENTIFY HISTORIC PROPERTIES ................................................................ 19

3.2 HISTORIC PROPERTIES............................................................................................................ 20

3.2.1 NATIONAL REGISTER DISTRICT........................................................................................ 20

3.3 CONTRIBUTING STRUCTURES ................................................................................................. 20

4.0 IMPACTS.................................................................................................................................... 20

4.1 DIRECT IMPACTS .................................................................................................................... 20

4.2 INDIRECT IMPACTS................................................................................................................. 24

5.0 AVOIDANCE AND MINIMIZATION ALTERNATIVES...................................................................... 26

5.1 ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................ 26

5.2 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATIVES............................................................................. 26

5.3 NON-TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS................................................................. 27

5.4 NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE ...................................................................................................... 27

6.0 LEAST HARMS ANALYSIS............................................................................................................ 28

7.0 MITIGATION.............................................................................................................................. 32

8.0 HOW AND WHY THE CRITERIA OF ADVERSE EFFECT WERE FOUND TO BE APPLICABLE............... 34

9.0 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND COORDINATION............................................................................ 34

9.1 GALESBURG LANDMARK COMMISSION AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY ......................................... 34

9.2 CITIZEN ADVISORY GROUP (CAG) ........................................................................................... 34

9.3 PUBLIC MEETINGS.................................................................................................................. 35

9.4 LETTERS OF SUPPORT FOR THE PROJECT ................................................................................ 35

9.5 PUBLIC HEARING.................................................................................................................... 35

9.6 COORDINATION WITH OFFICIAL WITH JURISDICTION OVER THE SECTION 106 AND SECTION 

4(F) RESOURCES..................................................................................................................... 35
Section 106/4(f) Report

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LIST OF FIGURES

1 Location

2 Galesburg Historic District

3 Galesburg Hospitals’ Ambulance Service Response Times

4 Central Fire Station Response Times

5 Existing Emergency Response Route Alternatives

6 Alternative Comparisons of Section 106/4(f) Resource Impacts

7-30 Property Impacts: Section 106/4(f) Resources

31 Avoidance Alternatives: Roadway Construction Alternatives

LIST OF TABLES

1 Alternatives Impact Analysis: Section 106/4(f) Resources

2 Kellogg Street Alternative Property Impacts

3 Kellogg Street – Impacted Trees

4 Seminary Street Alternative Property Impacts

5 Seminary Street – Impacted Trees

6 Kellogg/Seminary Street Alternative Property Impacts

7 Kellogg/Seminary Street – Impacted Trees

8 Existing and Projected Traffic Volumes

ATTACHMENTS

1 An Architectural and Historical Assessment of the North Seminary/Kellogg Street Grade 

Separation Project in Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

2 An Architectural and Historical Assessment of the North Seminary Street Grade Separation 

Project in Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois.

3 Galesburg National Historic District 1976 Nomination Form

4 Finding of Adverse Effect Concurrence Letter from IHPA

5 Galesburg Landmark Commission Letter of Request

6 Letters of Support

7 Galesburg Landmark Commission November 3, 2009 Meeting Minutes

8 Certificate of Publication for Notice of Availability

9 Memorandum of Agreement

10 Illinois Historic Preservation Agency Review Letter

11 Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Letter declining to participate

12 Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Letter, receipt of Memorandum of Agreement

13 United States Department of the Interior Review Letter
Section 106/4(f) Report

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The proposed project is to improve emergency service response times from one side of the Chillicothe 

Subdivision of the Chillicothe Subdivision of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) railroad to the 

other. Through the alternatives analysis, a grade separation structure was determined to be the most 

reasonable approach to meeting the purpose and need. The proposed project is construction of a grade 

separation over the Chillicothe Subdivision of the BNSF railroad in the area of North Seminary Street in 

the City of Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois. Figure 1 shows the location of the proposed grade 

separation. The project lies entirely within the Galesburg Historic District, which is listed on the National 

Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The limits of the historic district are shown in Figure 2. 

1.1 APPLICABILITY OF SECTION 106

Properties that are listed or are eligible for listing on the NRHP are protected under Section 106 of the 

National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 and the Advisory Council Regulations for Protection of 

Historic Properties (36 CFR Part 800), which state that federal agencies must take into account the 

effects of their undertakings on historic properties and afford the Council a reasonable opportunity to 

comment on such undertakings.

1.2 APPLICABILITY OF SECTION 4(f) 

Section 4(f) of the U.S. Department of Transportation Act (DOT Act) of 1966 (49 U.S.C. 303 [c]) states 

that FHWA cannot approve the use of land from publicly owned parks, recreational areas, wildlife and 

waterfowl refuges or public and private historic sites unless the following conditions apply: (1) There is 

no feasible and prudent alternative to the use of the land (2) the action includes all possible planning to 

minimize harm to the property resulting from use. Evaluation of the project has determined that the 

build alternatives may result in the “use” of Section 4(f) resources. The historic resources within the 

project area are the only 4(f) resources impacted by the proposed action. 

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF UNDERTAKING

2.1 PURPOSE AND NEED

The primary purpose of the proposed project is to improve public safety and emergency vehicle 

response in the City of Galesburg by enabling emergency vehicles to access the other side of the 

Chillicothe Subdivision while the existing at-grade crossing is occupied by a train. 

The need for the proposed project arises from the heavy rail traffic on the BNSF Chillicothe Subdivision. 

The Chillicothe Subdivision carries over 25% of Galesburg’s railroad traffic and the number of trains on 

the Chillicothe Subdivision continues to increase. The BNSF forecasts that the traffic on this subdivision 

will increase to 120 trains per day by 2015, an increase of 68% since 2004 and 25% since 2008. The 

length of these trains is also expected to increase. Roadways are often blocked as a result of the 

frequency and duration of the train movements. Seminary Street is one of two main north-south 

roadways within the city. In 2007, this roadway was blocked by a train for an average of 5.5 hours/day, 
Section 106/4(f) Report

6

or 23% of the time. Blockage is expected to increase to an average of 6.65 hours/day, or 28% of the 

time by 2015. 

The frequently blocked railroad intersections impede emergency response. Both city hospitals and the 

city’s ambulance service are located north of the Chillicothe Subdivision. The police department and 

two of the three fire stations are located south of the Chillicothe Subdivision. The City of Galesburg has 

analyzed response times for ambulance and fire services. Results indicate that average ambulance 

response time increases by 5-6 minutes from the north side of the railroad to the south (Figure 3), and 

average fire response time increases by 3-4 minutes from the south side of the tracks to the north

(Figure 4) when the tracks are blocked. There are no options to avoid at-grade crossings in downtown 

Galesburg. Waiting for trains to pass through the at-grade crossing adds significantly to average 

response times and makes the goal of a four-minute response difficult to attain.

The nearest north/south arterial routes from the intersection of Main Street and Seminary Street to 

Cottage Hospital are Henderson Street, located one mile west of Seminary Street and Farnham Street, 

located one mile east of Seminary Street. An emergency vehicle positioned at the intersection of Main 

Street and Seminary Street intending to reach Cottage Hospital via Henderson Street, would have to 

cross the Chillicothe Subdivision on Main Street. This at-grade crossing will be replaced by an overpass 

with construction anticipated to begin in 2011 and be completed in 2012, at which point the 

hypothetical emergency vehicle would have no at-grade crossings to negotiate but would have at least 

two miles of adverse travel through the city to reach Cottage Hospital (Figure 5). 

If the same hypothetical emergency vehicle intended to reach Cottage Hospital via Farnham Street, it 

too would travel at least two miles out of its way and cross the at-grade crossing at the Mendota 

Subdivision on Main Street. These at-grade crossings are also frequently blocked by trains (Figure 5).

All grade separation structures will improve public safety because of the reduction in traffic queuing. 

Therefore, the main factors in evaluating the alternatives are the benefits to emergency service 

response times and minimizing impacts to the historic district. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

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2.2 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED

Three overpass alternatives were evaluated that meet the purpose and need (Figure 6). Historic 

resources that may be impacted by these alternatives have been identified based on the Galesburg 

Historic District National Register Nomination Form, the City of Galesburg’s inventory of local landmarks, 

the Illinois State Survey of Architecturally Significant Structures, a detailed inventory of historic 

resources conducted specifically for this project (Fever River Research, 2007 and 2008), and input from 

the Galesburg Landmark Commission and Historic Preservation Commission. There are no individual 

structures in the project area that are listed in or are eligible for inclusion in the National Register of 

Historic Places. Section 106/4(f) impacts are expected for any of the three alternatives. Impacts to 

Section 106/4(f) resources are summarized in Table 1 and discussed in the following subsections.

Table 1: Alternatives Impact Analysis

Section 106/4(f) Resources

Kellogg 

Street

Seminary 

Street

Kellogg/Seminary

Street

Historic Districts Galesburg National Galesburg 

National Galesburg National

Full Purchase 14 22 21

Contributing to Historic District 9 19 16

Local or State Importance* 2 0 0

ROW Acquisition & Temporary Easement 6 11 4

Contributing to Historic District 5 11 3

Local or State Importance 2 1 1

Temporary Easement Only 7 0 16

Contributing to Historic District 2 0 5

Local or State Importance 1 0 0

Acres Converted to Transportation Use from 

Historic District 5.425 3.941 4.097

Acres Converted to Transportation Use from 

Contributing Structures

3.568 3.346 2.761

Trees Removed from Historic District 17 14 45

Bridges Contributing 

to Historic District** 1 0 0

Other Elements of the Historic District 

Affected (to be removed and replaced with 

similar materials)

Brick street between 

North Street and Grove 

Street; 

467.7 ft brick sidewalk

156.6 ft sandstone 

sidewalk 

1,436.2 ft sandstone curb

No brick street

1,168.0 ft brick 

sidewalk

No sandstone sidewalk

939.2 sandstone curb

No brick street

620.8 ft brick 

sidewalk

No sandstone 

sidewalk

817.7 ft sandstone 

curb

*Structures with “Local or State Importance” are those that were included in the Galesburg National Register Historic District 

nomination form, noted as a Local Landmark, considered of local importance for other reasons, or included on the State Survey of 

Architecturally Significant Structures. Details about structures of local or state importance are included in Tables 2, 4, and 6. There 

are no individual structures in the project area that are listed on or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.

**Considered contributing to historic district but not listed on IDOT’s historic bridge list. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

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2.2.1 KELLOGG STREET

The Kellogg Street grade separation would extend from Grove Street on the north to Water Street on 

the south, with additional roadway improvements between Water Street and Main Street. Kellogg 

Street is a residential street which has retained much of its historic character, including brick street 

paving between Grove Street and North Street and the original stone slab sidewalk running the length of 

the property at 382 N. Kellogg Street. Ten structures (nine buildings and one bridge) contributing to the 

historic district would be taken, right-of-way1and temporary easements2 would be required from five 

properties with contributing structures and temporary easements would be required from two

properties with contributing structures. Kellogg Street has the fewest impacts to structures contributing 

to the historic district but impacts five structures with local or state importance, more than any other 

alternative. The Kellogg Street alternative would convert the most land, 3.568 acres, from contributing 

properties to transportation use. The bridge crossing Cedar Creek is also considered to be a contributing 

structure, although it is not listed on IDOT’s Historic Bridge List (Table 2). This bridge would be replaced 

as part of this alternative. 

The portion of Kellogg Street north of the railroad tracks in the 300 and 400 blocks is a residential 

neighborhood. This block has three Local Landmarks at 435, 450 and 483 Kellogg Street and three other 

structures (325, 382 and 486 Kellogg Street) which were homes of persons who played significant roles 

in the development of the City of Galesburg. The structures on this section of Kellogg Street represent a 

diversity of architectural styles, including examples of Victorian, Queen Anne, Gothic Revival, Georgian, 

Federalist and Bungalow styles. Despite the wide range of design, or perhaps because of it, the area has 

a strong feeling of neighborhood. Unifying architectural features such as repeated use of brackets under 

eaves, and multi-paned windows, help to tie architectural styles together. Physical features such as the 

canopy of trees, uniform setback and the brick street surface strengthen the cohesive quality of the 

neighborhood. Perhaps one of the strongest elements which set this area apart is the quality of housing 

stock. Building techniques in masonry, wood, leaded windows and pressed metal trim will probably 

never be equaled again in domestic architecture. To a very real extent, these houses represent the last 

vestiges of lost arts. An overpass structure on Kellogg Street would disrupt the neighborhood and 

reduce the quality of living space, in addition to displacing the craftsmanship exhibited by the structures 

on this street segment. In looking at the condition of structures on Kellogg Street and Seminary Street, 

it is apparent the structures on Kellogg Street display a higher degree of maintenance and more 

architectural features.

The 300 and 400 blocks also have brick street paving and at least one property still has the original stone 

slab sidewalk. The City of Galesburg has a Statement of Policy Regarding Brick Streets in Galesburg. This 

policy was created through the joint efforts of the City Engineering Department and the Galesburg 

Landmark Commission, and ultimately approved by the City Council. This policy contains a list of brick 

streets and has rated those streets based upon visual surveys. The section of Kellogg Street between 

North Street and Grove Street has a priority rating of 1, which is the highest rating and means all parties 

 

1

Right-of-way is a strip of land that is dedicated for transportation purposes, such as for a trail, driveway, rail line

or highway. When right-of-way is required, the acquiring entity must purchase the land from the existing 

2

A temporary easement grants the right to a specific entity to conduct its activities for a specific period of time on 

a property owner’s land. Once the temporary easement expires, the rights granted return to the property owner. 

The temporary use of land may require removal of landscaping features to accommodate construction activities. 

These features are typically replaced after construction activities are completed.
Section 106/4(f) Report

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involved in establishing and approving the policy agreed this section of street shall remain brick. Other 

features include brick sidewalks and sandstone curbing along segments of Kellogg Street. Trees along 

Kellogg Street are dominated by maple species, many of which have large diameters (>20 inches) (Table 

3) and which contribute to the historic feeling of the neighborhood.

Increasing traffic and modifications made to construct a Kellogg Street overpass would have an impact 

upon this now quiet, residential block which retains its historic feeling and would result in the loss of 

historic material. The intersection one block north of this area (Losey Street and Kellogg Street) is also 

near the emergency entrance for Cottage Hospital, increasing traffic due to an overpass directed only on 

Kellogg may also have an impact on those services. 

The duplex at 234-236 North Kellogg Street is a contributing structure to the district. The Landmark 

Commission views this as the only structure proposed for displacement by the Kellogg/Seminary 

overpass that may have historic significance. Members stated the opinion that the architectural style of 

this duplex is probably not found in any other duplex within Galesburg. Although the structure has been 

sided, there may still be historic features underneath the siding. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

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Table 2: Property Impacts

Kellogg Street Overpass

Address Survey No.† Property Type Contributing? Local or State Importance? Acres Converted 

Full Purchase

287-289 E. Water 6 Residential, double Yes No 0.114

311 E. Water 7 Commercial, vacant No No 0.401

234-236 N. Kellogg 10 Residential, double Yes No 0.114

246 N. Kellogg 11 Residential, single Yes No 0.095

259 N. Kellogg 12 Residential, Allen Apartments, condemned Yes No 0.545

290 N. Kellogg 14 Residential, single Yes No 0.134

320 N. Kellogg 17 Commercial, Salvation Army Community Center No No 0.746

325 N. Kellogg 18 Residential, single – William Browning Mansion Yes 

State Survey of Architecturally Significant Structures

Galesburg Historic Walking Tour

Home to person of local historic importance

0.639

369 N. Kellogg 19 Commercial, dental office, Donald Bortz, D.D.S. No No 0.476

382 N. Kellogg 20 Residential, double Yes Home to person of local historic importance 0.700

387 N. Kellogg 21 Residential, single Yes No 0.660

401 N. Kellogg 22 Residential, single Yes No 0.302

N. Kellogg -- 2 Vacant Lots No No 0.219

N. Kellogg 13 Slab Bridge, 1932 Yes No --

ROW & Temporary Easement

120 N. Kellogg 2 First Methodist Church Yes State Survey of Architecturally Significant Structures 0.020

167-169 N. Kellogg 3 Residential, double Yes No 0.200

418 N. Kellogg 23 Residential, single Yes No 0.015

423 N. Kellogg 24 Residential, Richard’s Manor apartments, ~9 units No No 0.015

435 N. Kellogg 25 Residential, single – Patch-Sisson House Yes

State Survey of Architecturally Significant Structures

Local Landmark

Galesburg Historic Walking Tour

0.015

438 N. Kellogg 26 Residential, single Yes No 0.015

Temporary Easement

450 N. Kellogg 27 Residential, single – Dr. W.S. Williamson House Yes State Survey of Architecturally Significant Structures

Local Landmark

0

453 N. Kellogg 28 Residential, single Yes No 0

N. Kellogg -- 4 Vacant Lots and 1 Parking Lot No No 0

TOTALS

From Historic District 5.425

From Contributing Properties 3.568

† Survey numbers taken from “An Architectural and Historical Assessment of the North Seminary/Kellogg Street Grade Separation Project” (Attachment 1).
Section 106/4(f) Report

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Table 3. Kellogg Street - Impacted Trees

Property

Survey 

No. Common Name Scientific Name

DBH 

(inches) Condition

Contributes to 

Landscape Value of 

Neighborhood?

167 N. Kellogg 3 Pin Oak Quercus palustris 26.47 Unbalanced utility trimming No

246 N. Kellogg 11

Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 25.89 Storm damage Yes

Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 16.08 Storm damage No

Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 27.04 Storm damage; poor location No

287 E. Water 6 Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 33.68 Included crotch Yes

311 E. Water 7

Magnolia Magnolia sp. 8.94 Girdling root Yes

Magnolia Magnolia sp. 13.21 Trunk damage Yes

325 N. Kellogg 18 Hard Maple Acer sp. 23.07 Storm damage Yes

387 N. Kellogg 21 Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 12.07 Young Yes

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 15.13 Included crotch No

401 N. Kellogg 22 Hard Maple Acer sp. 20.17 Storm damage; girdling root; dying No

423 N. Kellogg 24 Hard Maple Acer sp. 30.70 Storm damage; holes in trunk No

Hard Maple Acer sp. 24.86 Girdling trunk; cavity in trunk; confined roots Yes

438 N. Kellogg 26 Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 28.76 Cavity in trunk; above-ground roots; utility trimmed No

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 25.70 Cavity in trunk; storm damage No

Vacant Lot on N. Kellogg --

Hard Maple Acer sp. 35.02 Healthy Yes

Hard Maple Acer sp. 28.92 Storm damage; holes in trunk No
Section 106/4(f) Report

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2.2.2 SEMINARY STREET

The Seminary Street alternative would extend from Grove Street on the north to Water Street on the south with 

additional roadway improvements between Water Street and Main Street. Seminary Street is an arterial roadway and, 

in contrast to Kellogg Street, the 300 and 400 block section of Seminary Street has lost the cohesive feel due to mixed 

land uses and the arterial nature of the roadway itself. Seminary Street already has a higher traffic volume, and hence 

higher noise levels, than the same section of Kellogg Street. The structures in these two blocks of Seminary display a 

lesser degree of maintenance and fewer intact architectural features than the same two blocks on Kellogg. Residential 

and commercial areas south of the Chillicothe Subdivision are more densely built up on Seminary Street than on Kellogg 

Street. Nineteen contributing structures would be taken and temporary easements would be required from 11 

properties with contributing structures. This alternative has the greatest number of impacts to structures contributing 

to the historic district and would take 3.346 acres from contributing properties (Table 4).

Remaining historic features of note include brick sidewalks concentrated on the 200 and 300 blocks of Seminary Street 

and sandstone curbing concentrated on the 200 and 400 blocks of Seminary Street. There are no brick paved streets and 

no sandstone sidewalks on Seminary Street. The trees along Seminary Street consist mostly of maple species except for 

a few locust and elm trees that occur along the Cedar Creek channel. These trees occurring along the channel are 

considered weedy tree species and actually detract from the appearance of the neighborhood. The trees along 

Seminary Street are generally small in size with only a few that have diameters greater than 20 inches (Table 5).
Section 106/4(f) Report

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Table 4: Property Impacts

Seminary Street Overpass

Address Survey No.† Property Type Contributing? Local or State Importance? Acres Converted

Full Purchase

234 N. Seminary 5 Residential, single Yes No 0.227

248 N. Seminary 6 Residential, single Yes No 0.227

256 N. Seminary 7 Residential, double Yes No 0.142

268 N. Seminary 8 Residential, single Yes No 0.142

290 N. Seminary 9 Residential, single Yes No 0.176

328 N. Seminary 16 Residential, single Yes No 0.162

344 N. Seminary 17 Commercial, Courson Public Accountants No No 0.322

364 N. Seminary 18 Residential, single Yes No 0.086

400 N. Seminary 20 Residential, single Yes No 0.217

410 N. Seminary 21 Residential, single Yes No 0.157

443 N. Seminary 35 Residential, single Yes No 0.305

427 N. Seminary 36 Residential, single Yes No 0.231

413 N. Seminary 37 Commercial, vacant Yes No 0.117

383 N. Seminary 38 Residential, single Yes No 0.086

357 N. Seminary 39 Residential, single Yes No 0.181

343 N. Seminary 40 Residential, single Yes No 0.200

414 E. North 47 Residential, single Yes No 0.151

275 N. Seminary 48 Commercial, Sew What Yes No 0.069

269 N. Seminary 49 Residential, single Yes No 0.176

259-261 N. Seminary 50 Residential, double Yes No 0.159

N. Seminary -- 2 Vacant Lots No No 0.213

ROW & Temporary Easement

186 N. Seminary 2 First Lutheran Church Yes State Survey of Architecturally Significant Structures 0.010

216 N. Seminary 3 Residential, single Yes No 0.011

222-224 N. Seminary 4 Residential, double Yes No 0.011

420 N. Seminary 22 Commercial, Action Income Tax Service, Inc. Yes No 0.026

464 N. Seminary 23 Residential, single Yes No 0.015

487-491 N. Seminary 31 Residential, double Yes No 0.008

475 N. Seminary 32 Residential, single Yes No 0.010

463 N. Seminary 33 Residential, single Yes No 0.010

459 N. Seminary 34 Residential, single Yes No 0.010

209-221 N. Seminary 52 Residential, double No No 0.030

195-197 N. Seminary 53 Residential, double Yes No 0.015

181 N. Seminary 54 Residential, single Yes No 0.009

N. Seminary -- 2 Vacant Lot and 1 Parking Lot No No 0.030

TOTALS

From Historic District 3.941

From Contributing Properties 3.346

†Survey numbers taken from “An Architectural and Historical Assessment of the North Seminary Street Grade Separation Project (Attachment 2). 
Section 106/4(f) Report

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Table 5: Seminary Street – Impacted Trees

Property Survey 

No. Common Name Scientific Name DBH (inches) Condition Contributing to Landscape Value of Neighborhood?

216 N. Seminary 3 Crimson King Maple Acer platanoides 14.52 Some decay; utility conflict No

224 N. Seminary 4 Red Maple Acer rubrum 9.36 Trunk injury; girdling root Yes

248 N. Seminary 6

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 27.57 Trunk decay; dead top; dying No

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 22.18 Decay in trunk; planted too deep; conk on trunk No

256 N. Seminary 7 Hard Maple Acer sp. 27.80 Storm damage; exposed roots Yes

290 N. Seminary 9

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 13.56 Healthy Yes

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 18.44 Included crotch Yes

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 9.78 Included crotch, girdling root Yes

364 N. Seminary 18 Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 19.86 Utility conflict No

443 N. Seminary 35 Hard Maple Acer sp. 28.26 Healthy Yes

Cedar Creek --

Locust Robinia sp. 10.30 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Locust Robinia sp. 12.42 Scrub along Cedar Creek; roots washing out; storm 

damaged No

Elm Ulmus sp. 6.04 Scrub along Cedar Creek; roots washing out No

Locust Robinia sp. 18.33 Scrub along Cedar Creek; stress split in trunk No
Section 106/4(f) Report

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2.2.3 KELLOGG/SEMINARY STREET

The Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative would extend from the intersection of Seminary and Grove 

Streets on the north to the intersection of Kellogg and Water Streets on the south, crossing mid-block, 

with additional roadway improvements between Water Street and Main Street. Sixteen contributing 

structures would be taken, permanent right-of-way acquisition would be required from three properties 

with contributing structures, and temporary easements would be required from five properties with 

contributing structures. The Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative would convert the least amount of land

from contributing structures, 2.761 acres, to transportation use (Table 6). This alternative has been 

identified as the preferred alternative and will be discussed in greater detail below. 

Other features, including stone curbing concentrated on the 100 block of Kellogg Street and the 400 

block of Seminary Street. Brick sidewalk concentrated on the 300 block of Seminary Street and the 300 

block of North Street would be impacted. The trees along the Kellogg/Seminary Street alignment 

represent a variety of species including maples, fruit trees, evergreens, locusts and exotic tree-ofheaven. Almost half of the trees impacted by this alignment are weedy trees growing along the Cedar 

Creek channel (Table 7). 

The architectural and historical assessment report (2008) acknowledges that the Kellogg/Seminary 

Street alternative is the preferable option since it will avoid directly impacting the most significant 

architectural resources in the study area located on the 300-400 blocks of Kellogg Street and would 

avoid the more densely built up area on the southern end of the Seminary Street overpass. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

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Table 6: Property Impacts

North Kellogg / Seminary Street Overpass

Address Survey No.† Figure No. Property Type Contributing? Local or State Importance?

Acres 

Converted

Total Takes

311 E. Water 7 NA Commercial, vacant No No 0.401

234-236 N. Kellogg 10 7 Residential, double Yes No 0.114

246 N. Kellogg 11 8 Residential, single Yes No 0.095

259 N. Kellogg 12 9 Residential, Allen Apartments, condemned Yes No 0.545

427 N. Seminary 40 10 Residential, single Yes No 0.231

413 N. Seminary 42 11 Commercial, vacant Yes No 0.117

410 N. Seminary 43 12 Residential, single Yes No 0.157

400 N. Seminary 44 13 Residential, single Yes No 0.217

383 N. Seminary 46 14 Residential, single Yes No 0.086

364 N. Seminary 47 15 Residential, single Yes No 0.086

357 N. Seminary 48 16 Residential, single Yes No 0.181

343 N. Seminary 49 17 Residential, single Yes No 0.200

344 N. Seminary 50 NA Commercial, Courson Public Accountants No No 0.322

328 N. Seminary 51 18 Residential, single Yes No 0.161

367 E. North 52 19 Residential, single Yes No 0.085

357 E. North 53 20 Residential, single Yes No 0.113

354 E. North 54 21 Residential, single Yes No 0.181

360 E. North 55 NA Residential, single No No 0.127

370 E. North 56 22 Residential, single Yes No 0.132

E. Water -- NA Vacant Lot No No 0.227

N. Kellogg -- NA Vacant Lot No No 0.219

ROW & Temporary Easement 

443 N. Seminary 39 23 Residential, single Yes No 0.015

420 N. Seminary 41 24 Commercial, Action Income Tax Service Yes No 0.045

 120 N. Kellogg 2 25 First Methodist Church Yes State Survey of Architecturally Significant Structures 0.020

177 N. Kellogg -- NA Vacant No No 0.020

Temporary Easement

277-279 E. Water 5 26 Residential, double Yes No 0

287-289 E. Water 6 27 Residential, double Yes No 0

463 N. Seminary 36 28 Residential, single Yes No 0

464 N. Seminary 37 29 Residential, single Yes No 0

459 N. Seminary 38 30 Residential, single Yes No 0

N. Kellogg -- NA 4 Vacant Lots and 5 Parking Lots No No 0

N. Seminary -- NA 1 Vacant Lot and 1 Parking Lot No No 0

TOTALS

From Historic District 4.097

From Contributing Properties 2.761

NA = Not Applicable; Properties that are not contributing to the historic district do not have individual figure sheets. †Survey numbers taken from “An Architectural and Historical Assessment of the North Seminary/Kellogg Street Grade Separation Project” 

(Attachment 1).
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Table 7. Kellogg/Seminary Street – Impacted Trees

Property Survey 

No. Common Name Scientific Name DBH (inches) Condition Contributes to Landscape Value of Neighborhood?

259 N. Kellogg 12

Mulberry Morus sp. 15.73 Cavity in trunk No

Red Cedar Juniperus virginicus 16.34 Healthy Yes

Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima 32.89 Scrub No

Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 27.96 Old Yes

287 E. Water 6 Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 33.68 Included crotch Yes

311 E. Water 7

Magnolia Magnolia sp. 8.94 Girdling root Yes

Magnolia Magnolia sp. 13.21 Trunk damage Yes

328 N. Seminary 51

Green Spruce Picea sp. 6.492 Bag worms No

Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 19.89 Too close to house; included crotch No

Elm Ulmus sp. 32.24 Total trunk decay; storm damage No

Apple Malus sp. 6.64 and 6.61 Split into leaders; two trunks; held together with wire; No

Fruit Tree -- 6.30 Sucker growth at base No

Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 17.37 Utility conflict No

354 E. North 54 Arborvitae Thuja sp. -- Brush; old No

357 E. North 53 Red Cedar Juniperus virginicus 6.49 Healthy Yes

364 N. Seminary 47

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 19.86 Utility conflict No

Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila 20.43 Included crotch No

Mulberry Morus sp. 11.04 Split trunk; included crotch; decay No

Locust Robinia sp. 33.42 Included crotch No

Locust Robinia sp. 33.12 Too close to other tree; dying No

Mulberry Morus sp. 22.95 Included crotch; Half dead No

Mulberry Morus sp. 9.93 Split trunk; decay No

367 E. North 52 Apple Malus sp. 11.68 and 8.59 Trunk decay; severely topped out; two trunks No

443 N. Seminary 39 Hard Maple Acer sp. 28.26 Healthy Yes

Cedar Creek --

Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima 8.10 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima 6.03 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima 6.91 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Mulberry Morus sp. 7.26 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Locust Robinia sp. 6.38 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Locust Robinia sp. 10.88 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Locust Robinia sp. 42.96 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Locust Robinia sp. 7.59 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Locust Robinia sp. 17.98 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Locust Robinia sp. 7.33 Grown into fence; dead top; scrub No

Mulberry Morus sp. 8.01 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Locust Robinia sp. 8.67 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

Mulberry Morus sp. 11.49 Scrub along Cedar Creek; roots washed out No

Locust Robinia sp. 10.30 Scrub along Cedar Creek; roots washed out No

Locust Robinia sp. 12.42 Scrub along Cedar Creek; roots washed out No

Elm Ulmus sp. 6.80 Scrub along Cedar Creek; too close to neighboring tree No

Locust Robinia sp. 18.33 Scrub along Cedar Creek; stress split in trunk No
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Locust Robinia sp. 10.69 Scrub along Cedar Creek No

SE Corner Kellogg & Water -- Green Spruce Picea sp. 8.40 and 6.10 Healthy; two trunks Yes

Vacant Lot N of 120 N. 

Kellogg --

Hard Maple Acer sp. 35.02 Healthy Yes

Hard Maple Acer sp. 28.92 Storm damage; holes in trunk No
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2.3 PROPOSED ACTION

The proposed action is to improve emergency service response times from one side of the Chillicothe 

Subdivision to the other. Through the alternatives analysis, a grade separation structure was 

determined to be the most reasonable approach to meeting the purpose and need. Construction of a 

grade separation that crosses mid-block between the intersection of Seminary and Grove Street on the 

north and the intersection of Kellogg and Water Street on the south was selected as the preferred 

alternative. Additional roadway improvements within the existing right-of-way will be made on Kellogg 

Street between Water Street and Main Street. Seminary Street is currently a two lane urban arterial 

with parking on both sides from Losey Street to Main Street. The existing at-grade crossing is located 

approximately 100 feet north of the Seminary/North Street intersection. There are traffic signals at 

Seminary’s intersection with Losey Street and Main Street. All other intersections between these signals 

are two-way stop controlled with preference given to Seminary Street.

Kellogg is a two lane urban collector with parking on both sides from Losey Street to Main Street. The 

existing at-grade crossing is located approximately 100 feet south of the Kellogg/North Street 

intersection. As part of this project, intersection improvements to all legs of the Kellogg/Main Street 

intersection will be necessary to facilitate the larger trucks and additional traffic that will be placed on 

Kellogg Street. Traffic controls would remain unchanged except at the intersection of Seminary and 

North Streets, which would become a two-way stop controlled intersection with North Street having the 

right-of-way. 

3.0 HISTORIC PROPERTIES THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE UNDERTAKING

3.1 EFFORTS USED TO IDENTIFY HISTORIC PROPERTIES

Photographs and general architectural notes were taken for each of the properties within the study 

area. Documentary research was conducted at the Galesburg Public Library, the Knox College Special 

Collections and Archives, and the Illinois State Library. Information about individual properties and the 

historic context of the neighborhood was obtained from city directories, historic photographs, and 

Sanborn fire insurance maps. The results of the historic surveys are documented in the reports titled, 

“An Architectural and Historical Assessment of the North Seminary/Kellogg Street Grade Separation 

Project in Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois” and “An Architectural and Historical Assessment of the North 

Seminary Street Grade Separation Project in Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois” (Attachments 1 and 2). 
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3.2 HISTORIC PROPERTIES

3.2.1 NATIONAL REGISTER DISTRICT

The project is proposed to be constructed through the Galesburg Historic District, which was listed on 

the NRHP in 1976. No individually National Register listed or eligible structures will be impacted by the 

proposed project, however, contributing properties will be impacted. The Historic District is roughly 

bounded by Berrien Street on the south, Clark Street on the west, Sanborn Street on the north and Pearl 

Street on the east. According to the NRHP 1976 nomination form (Attachment 3), the Galesburg 

Historic District includes “most of the original town, a substantial portion of the Knox College campus, 

and a number of older residential neighborhoods, mainly north of North [Street].”

3.3 CONTRIBUTING STRUCTURES 

Contributing structures to the Galesburg Historic District will be directly and indirectly impacted by the 

proposed project. The historic survey report identifies 52 properties contributing to the historic district 

within the study area. Twenty-four contributing properties will be affected along the preferred 

alternative. Sixteen of the contributing properties would be demolished, two properties will have rightof-way acquisition only and six properties will have temporary easements. The impacts to the 

contributing structures of the Galesburg Historic District will have an adverse effect on historic 

properties and the conversion of these historic resources to transportation use results in a Section 4(f) 

impact. 

4.0 IMPACTS

4.1 DIRECT IMPACTS

Direct impacts include the demolition of structures contributing to the Galesburg Historic District, the 

conversion of land to transportation use and the use of temporary easements on some properties that 

contribute to the Galesburg Historic District. Per FHWA’s Section 4(f) Policy Paper, Section 4(f) applies 

to the use of those properties that are considered contributing to the eligibility of the historic district as 

well as any individually eligible property within the district (Question 3C). Therefore, a discussion of each 

of the impacted properties which contribute to the historic district is included on Figures 7 thru 30 and 

discussed below.

Properties that will lose access as a result of this project will be demolished. Residents living in these 

homes will be compensated under provisions of the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property 

Acquisition Policies Act and the IDOT Land Acquisition Procedures Manual. Comparable housing is 

currently available in the Galesburg area. Efforts will be made to provide housing of last resort, if 

necessary, and housing resources are available to all relocatees without discrimination. Properties with 

temporary easements will retain access to their properties during and after construction and the 

property will be restored to a condition similar or better than that condition it was in prior to 

construction. Temporary easements are needed to facilitate the movement of large equipment and/or 

to perform minor grading along the roadway.
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Total Takes

234-236 N. Kellogg Street (Survey No. 10) – This Double House was built between 1911 and 1918. It 

exhibits influences from the Queen Anne architectural style. The Galesburg Landmark Commission 

believes that the architectural style of this duplex is probably not found in any other duplex within 

Galesburg. Although the structure has been sided, there may still be historic features underneath the 

siding. The City of Galesburg will make the structure at 234-236 North Kellogg Street available for 

purchase and relocation. The purchaser would be required to execute a restrictive preservation 

covenant and rehabilitate the building in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior's "Standards for 

Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings". If the structure is not purchased 

under these terms, the City may sell without restrictions or demolish the structure. No trees would be 

removed from this property. Kellogg Street will be closed south of North Street after construction of the 

grade separation resulting in a loss of access for this property (Figure 7). 

246 N. Kellogg Street (Survey No. 11) – This residence was likely built between 1850 and 1898, but may 

have been built earlier. The garage was constructed after 1927. This property will be demolished. No 

trees will be removed. Kellogg Street will be closed south of North Street after construction of the grade 

separation resulting in a loss of access for this property (Figure 8). 

259 N. Kellogg Street (Survey No. 12) – This building was constructed between 1910 and 1918. The walls 

are made of rock-faced concrete blocks. A second building, a two-story “flat” used to stand to the south 

of the apartment building. Together, these buildings were known as the Allen Apartments. The 

remaining structure has approximately 15 units. This property will be demolished. The structure lies 

within the footprint of the proposed grade separation. Two contributing trees will also be removed 

(Figure 9).

427 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 40) – This L-shaped Cottage was built between 1889 and 1898. The 

structure’s footprint has changed over time with the enclosure of the front and side porches. This 

property will be demolished. No trees will be removed from this property (Figure 10).

413 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 42) – This building was constructed in two phases. The southern half 

was constructed first, between 1910 and 1918. The northern half was built between 1919 and 1924. It 

was operated as a grocery store under different owners. It was last used by “Universal Sporting Goods” 

but presently sits vacant. This property will be demolished but no trees will be removed (Figure 11).

410 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 43) – Assuming this property retains its basic historic configuration, 

it may represent a Queen Anne interpretation of the traditional I-Cottage. It was built between 1885 

and 1905. This property will be demolished and have no trees removed (Figure 12).

400 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 44) – This L-shaped Cottage was built between 1885 and 1905. 

Sanborn maps from 1918 show the existing footprint has not changed since then. This property will be 

demolished. No trees will be removed (Figure 13).

383 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 46) – This residence was built between 1889 and 1898. It features 

front and side gables. A rear wing was added around 1918. This property will be demolished due to the 

closure of Seminary Street north of North Street. No trees will be removed from this property (Figure 

14).
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364 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 47) – This Queen Anne cottage was built between 1895 and 1905. It 

features a full-length front porch with turned posts and a frieze of spindlework. This property is within 

the footprint of the proposed grade separation and will be demolished. No contributing trees will be 

removed from this property (Figure 15).

357 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 48) – This Front-Gabled House was built between 1989 and 1910. A 

small detached garage was constructed between 1918 and 1927. Seminary Street will be closed north 

of North Street after construction of the grade separation resulting in a loss of access for this property.

This property will be demolished but no trees will be removed (Figure 16).

343 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 49) – This Front-Gabled House was likely constructed between 1898 

and 1910. It features a full-length front porch. Asbestos siding covers the exterior walls. Seminary 

Street will be closed north of North Street after construction of the grade separation resulting in a loss 

of access for this property. This property will be demolished but no trees will be removed (Figure 17).

328 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 51) – This small I-Cottage was constructed between 1870 and 1880, 

if not earlier. A small modern deck has been added to the front of the house. This property is within the 

footprint of the proposed grade separation and will be demolished. No trees will be removed from the 

property (Figure 18).

367 E. North Street (Survey No. 52) – This L-shaped Cottage was built between 1918 and 1927 and 

closely resembles Survey No. 53 to the west but its porch has been enclosed. This property is within the 

footprint of the proposed grade separation and will be demolished. No contributing tree will be 

removed from the property (Figure 19).

357 E. North Street (Survey No. 53) – This L-shaped Cottage was built between 1918 and 1927. It closely 

resembles Survey No. 52 to the immediate east. This property will be demolished and one contributing 

tree will be removed (Figure 20).

354 E. North Street (Survey No. 54) – This Queen Anne-style residence was built between 1898 and 

1906. The original front porch has been removed but the house’s footprint has not changed since 1927. 

This structure lies within the footprint of the proposed grade separation and will be demolished. No 

contributing trees will be removed from this property (Figure 21).

370 E. North Street (Survey No. 56) – This residence was built between 1870 and 1880. The basic form is 

that of an I-Cottage, although multiple additions have been made. Proposed right-of-way will run 

through the northwest corner of this property. This structure will be demolished but no trees will be 

removed (Figure 22).
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Right-of-Way Acquisition and Temporary Easement

443 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 39) – This Side-Hall House was built between 1889 and 1898. It 

features a full-length, gable-roofed, brick front porch. The porch and rear wing appear to be later 

additions (pre-1918). This property will require right-of-way acquisition (0.015 acres) but it will maintain 

access and will not be demolished. A temporary easement will be needed to facilitate movement of 

large equipment and to make minor grading adjustments. One tree will be removed from the property 

(Figure 23).

420 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 41) – This International-style building was built between 1951 and 

1960. It was first used as a dental office but is now occupied by Action Income Tax Service, Inc. This 

property will require right-of-way acquisition (0.045 acres), but will maintain access and will not be 

demolished. A temporary easement will be needed to facilitate movement of large equipment and to 

make minor grading adjustments. No trees will be removed from the property (Figure 24).

120 N. Kellogg Street (Survey No. 2) – The First Methodist Church in Galesburg was organized in 1847. 

The original church was destroyed in a fire in 1909. A new church was constructed between 1911 and 

1913 to replace the original structure. This church remains standing today and is an example of Gothicinspired architecture. It was included in the 1973 Illinois Survey of Architecturally Significant Structures. 

Right-of-way (0.020 acres) and a A temporary easement will be needed to facilitate movement of large 

equipment and to make minor grading adjustments. No trees will be removed from this property (Figure 

25). Access to this facility will be maintained throughout construction.

Temporary Easements

277-279 E. Water Street (Survey No. 5) – This residence was built between 1898 and 1906. It is 

vernacular in character but does have modest late Queen Anne detailing seen in features of the front 

porch and cross gable. A temporary construction easement will be required from the south side of the 

property. A temporary easement will be needed to facilitate movement of large equipment and to make 

minor grading adjustments. No trees will be removed (Figure 26).

287-289 E. Water Street (Survey No. 6) – This Double House was built between 1906 and 1911 with 

vernacular Prairie-style detailing. A small garage was added between 1918 and 1927. A temporary 

construction easement will be required from the south side of the property. A temporary easement will 

be needed to facilitate movement of large equipment and to make minor grading adjustments. One tree 

will be removed (Figure 27).

463 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 36) – This Bungalow is identical to the house to the immediate north 

and was likely built during the same time and by the same builder/developer. It was constructed 

between 1924 and 1927. A temporary easement will be needed to facilitate movement of large 

equipment and to make minor grading adjustments, but no trees will be removed (Figure 28).

464 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 37) – This Italianate home was built between 1870 and 1880. The 

original weatherboard siding still covers the exterior walls. In 1918, Sanborn maps showed a rear wing 

which is no longer present. A temporary easement will be needed to facilitate movement of large 

equipment and to make minor grading adjustments but no trees will be removed (Figure 29).
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459 N. Seminary Street (Survey No. 38) – This Bungalow-like residence was constructed between 1930 

and 1940. A brick porch extends across half of the front elevation. This property will have a temporary 

easement but no trees will be removed (Figure 30).

4.2 INDIRECT IMPACTS

The historic district and its contributing properties may also be indirectly impacted by the proposed 

project. Indirect impacts may include changes in landscaping due to construction activities. Changes in 

landscaping will be minimized to the extent practicable. Existing landscaping in the project area is 

minimal, consisting mostly of turf yards with occasional trees and ornamental shrubs. The appearance 

of the neighborhood will change due to the presence of an overpass structure; however the structure 

will be designed and constructed in such a way as to minimize the visual encroachment of the overpass. 

Landscaping surrounding the overpass structure will include sidewalks, lighting, fencing and trees. All 

other impacted properties will maintain existing access. 

Under the preferred alternative, noise levels are expected to be lower than without the grade 

separation. The presence of the grade separation will allow the City to petition the Interstate 

Commerce Commission for a quiet zone, which would eliminate the requirement for train horn blowing 

where trains previously intersected Kellogg and Seminary Streets. A quiet zone is a railroad at-grade 

crossing at which trains are prohibited from sounding their horns in order to decrease the noise level for 

nearby residential communities. A highway traffic noise analysis was conducted for this project. Existing 

and projected future build and no-build noise levels were calculated using the Federal Highway 

Administration’s TNM 2.5 Traffic Noise Model. This analysis indicated that future traffic noise levels will 

be lower than existing noise levels in the project area. No noise impacts are predicted to occur as a 

result of the proposed project. The reduction in train and traffic noise is expected to benefit the 

desirability of historic properties in this area for residential use and lead to long-term benefits to the 

historic district. 

Construction of the grade separation may result in heavier usage of Kellogg Street between Water Street 

and Main Street but traffic volumes will remain similar to existing conditions north of North Street. 

Traffic on Seminary Street is expected to increase north of Grove Street. Traffic volumes will likely 

increase on these street segments as motorists use the grade separation to avoid other nearby at-grade 

crossings. Main Street, Losey Street, and North Street may experience localized increases in traffic 

volumes. The functional classification of these roads will not change as a result of this project. The 

residential roadways within the historic district are not expected to see a noticeable increase in traffic 

since many of them do not provide through-access to an arterial roadway. Table 5 shows existing traffic 

volumes, and projected traffic volumes for the build and no build scenarios along segments of Kellogg 

Street and Seminary Street. The visual and atmospheric character of the neighborhood will be impacted 

by the presence of an overpass structure and will reduce the line of sight from properties adjacent to 

the structure. Mature trees will be removed from properties and removed sidewalks will be 

incorporated into the design of the overpass structure. The presence of the overpass structure will 

positively impact the adjacent neighborhoods by reducing the number of crossings at which trains must 

blow their horns and by bringing the City closer to implementing a city-wide quiet zone rule.
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Table 8: Existing and Projected Traffic Volumes

Existing (Yr of Construction) No Build, 20 Yr Build, 20 Yr

Roadway Segment N Seminary St, North of E Grove St

NB/SB (veh/hr)* NB/SB (veh/hr) NB/SB (veh/hr)

Automobiles 284/299 330/346 347/366

Medium Trucks 3/3 4/4 4/4

Heavy Trucks 3/3 3/3 3/3

Buses 0/0 0/0 0/0

Motorcycles 0/0 0/0 0/0

Roadway Segment S Kellogg St, E Simmons St to Main St

NB/SB (veh/hr) NB/SB (veh/hr) NB/SB (veh/hr)

Automobiles 73/95 85/111 163/284

Medium Trucks 1/1 1/1 2/3

Heavy Trucks 0/1 1/1 1/3

Buses 0/0 0/0 0/0

Motorcycles 0/0 0/0 0/0

Roadway Segment N Kellogg St, E Main St to E Ferris St

NB/SB (veh/hr) NB/SB (veh/hr) NB/SB (veh/hr)

Automobiles 66/80 77/34 336/487

Medium Trucks 1/1 1/1 4/5

Heavy Trucks 0/1 1/1 3/5

Buses 0/0 0/0 0/0

Motorcycles 0/0 0/0 0/0

Roadway Segment N Kellogg St, E Ferris St to E Water St

NB/SB (veh/hr) NB/SB (veh/hr) NB/SB (veh/hr)

Automobiles 66/80 77/34 336/487

Medium Trucks 1/1 1/1 4/5

Heavy Trucks 0/1 1/1 3/5

Buses 0/0 0/0 0/0

Motorcycles 0/0 0/0 0/0

*Denotes northbound and southbound traffic in vehicles per hour.
Section 106/4(f) Report

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5.0 AVOIDANCE AND MINIMIZATION ALTERNATIVES

5.1 ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATIVES

Two roadway construction alternatives were considered on arterial routes outside of the historic district

to avoid impacts to the district and its contributing structures. Henderson Street, located one mile west 

of Seminary Street, is the best existing route outside of the historic district that already carries a large 

amount of traffic. However, this route intersects the Chillicothe Subdivision south of Main Street. Due 

to its distance from the medical facilities, a grade separation at this location will not improve emergency 

response times to the medical facilities and therefore does not meet the purpose and need for the 

project (Figure 31). This alternative is not prudent because it compromises the project to a degree that 

it is unreasonable to proceed with the project in light of its stated purpose and need.

Lincoln Street, located 0.5 miles east of Seminary Street, runs parallel to the Mendota Subdivision at a 

north-easterly angle and connects to the Route 34 bypass on the east side of Galesburg. This roadway 

carries a relatively low volume of traffic compared to Henderson Street. Lincoln Street intersects the 

Chillicothe Subdivision just south of Grove Street. This alternative does not provide improved access to 

the medical facilities on Seminary Street because it requires emergency vehicles to cross the Chillicothe 

Subdivision on East Main Street (Figure 31). Additionally, the street network surrounding Lincoln Street 

is somewhat disjointed due to the rail line running parallel to it and roads that terminate before they

connect to Lincoln Street. Therefore, this alternative is not prudent because it compromises the project 

to a degree that it is unreasonable to proceed with the project in light of its stated purpose and need.

No roadway construction alternatives are available that would avoid impacts to the historic district while 

satisfying the project purpose and need. 

5.2 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATIVES

Railroad construction alternatives were considered as a way to avoid impacts to the historic district. 

These alternatives included the relocation of the Mendota and Chillicothe Subdivisions and the 

depression of the Chillicothe Subdivision through the City of Galesburg. Relocation of the Mendota

Subdivision does not address the purpose and need of the project because it would not address the 

access issues created by the Chillicothe Subdivision. This alternative is not prudent because it 

compromises the project to a degree that it is unreasonable to proceed with the project in light of its 

stated purpose and need. 

The relocation of the Chillicothe Subdivision would eliminate train/traffic conflicts and delays in 

emergency services caused by blocked railroad crossings; however, this alternative has an 

extraordinarily high construction cost of approximately $329 million (Galesburg Rail Corridor Relocation 

Study, 2004). Construction of this alternative would result in high impacts to prime farmland, streams, 

floodplains, wetlands, and would potentially impact several “high potential” archeological sites. This 

alternative is not prudent because after reasonable mitigation it still causes severe economic and 

environmental impacts, including resources protected under other Federal statutes, and additional 

construction costs of extraordinary magnitude. 

Depressing the Chillicothe Subdivision through the City of Galesburg would eliminate train/traffic 

conflicts and delays in emergency services caused by train-occupied railroad crossings; however, this 

alternative would require acquisition and right-of-way from more historic properties than any of the 
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roadway construction alternatives. It would also have an extraordinarily high construction cost (due to 

the need for bridges at every roadway crossing), even under the assumption that some roadways would 

be closed to reduce the cost of crossings. In turn, this would create further emergency response issues 

by causing emergency responders to avoid closed roads. Depressing the Chillicothe Subdivision would 

also present engineering challenges that would add to the cost of this alternative. The Chillicothe 

Subdivision would be depressed below the grade of the Cedar Creek channel, creating the need for 

pump stations to prevent drainage problems. The depression of the Chillicothe Subdivision was 

determined to be neither feasible nor prudent because after reasonable mitigation it still causes severe 

disruption to established communities and results in additional construction, maintenance, and 

operational costs of an extraordinary magnitude.

5.3 NON-TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS

The duplication of fire and ambulance facilities at strategic locations throughout the City of Galesburg 

and the implementation of a quiet zone were considered as non-transportation system improvements

that could avoid impacts to the historic resources of the city. A quiet zone is a railroad at-grade crossing 

at which trains are prohibited from sounding their horns in order to decrease the noise level for nearby 

residential communities. In order to implement a quiet zone rule, at-grade crossings must be equipped 

with adequate safety measures to overcome the decrease in safety created by silencing the train horns. 

The cost of equipping at-grade crossings with sufficient warning devices would be approximately $3.74 

million. While this alternative would clearly improve the quality of life for residents living adjacent to 

the Chillicothe Subdivision, it would not improve emergency response times. This alternative is not 

prudent because it compromises the project to a degree that it is unreasonable to proceed with the 

project in light of its stated purpose and need.

The facility duplication alternative was eliminated due to the combined cost of the initial 

construction/outfitting of the facilities and the on-going maintenance and staffing costs. Additionally, it 

did not address the project purpose and need. The duplication of emergency services on the opposite 

side of the Chillicothe Subdivision from which they currently exist would potentially improve emergency 

response to the scene of an accident, but responders would still have to cross the Chillicothe Subdivision 

while transporting patients to either of the two hospitals in the City of Galesburg. This alternative is not 

prudent because it compromises the project to a degree that it is unreasonable to proceed with the 

project in light of its stated purpose and need. 

5.4 NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE

The no-action alternative is defined as no new overpass of the Chillicothe Subdivision in the area of 

North Seminary Street. Under the no-action alternative, no properties contributing to the historic 

district would be impacted, but this alternative would not meet the project purpose and need because 

emergency vehicle response time would not be improved. This alternative is not prudent because it 

compromises the project to a degree that it is unreasonable to proceed with the project in light of its 

stated purpose and need. 
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6.0 LEAST HARMS ANALYSIS

A variety of alternatives were evaluated in an attempt to meet the purpose and need of the proposed 

project and to minimize Section 4(f) impacts. Four alternatives (No-Action, Mendota Subdivision 

relocation, emergency facility duplication, and implementation of a quiet zone) were dismissed as they 

did not meet the purpose and need of the project. Four alternatives (Henderson Street overpass, 

Lincoln Street overpass, relocation of Chillicothe Subdivision, and depression of Chillicothe Subdivision) 

were found to serve the project’s purpose and need but are not feasible and prudent alternatives. The 

remaining three alternatives meet the purpose and need for the project, but each has impacts to 

Section 4(f) resources. When there is no feasible and prudent avoidance alternative, FHWA “may 

approve only the alternative that causes the least overall harm in light of the statute’s preservation 

purpose.” Therefore, these three alternatives were carried forward to the least harms analysis:

Kellogg Street Overpass

Seminary Street Overpass

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

 The “least overall harm” is determined by balancing the following factors (23 CFR 774.3(c)):

a) The relative significance of each 4(f) property;

b) The ability to mitigate adverse impacts to each Section 4(f) resource, including any measures 

that result in benefits to the property;

c) The relative severity of the remaining harm, after mitigation, to the protected activities, 

attributes, or features that qualify each Section 4(f) property for protection;

d) The views of the official(s) with jurisdiction over each Section 4(f) property;

e) The degree to which each alternative meets the purpose and need for the project;

f) After reasonable mitigation, the magnitude of any adverse impacts to resources not protected 

by Section 4(f); and

g) Substantial differences in costs among the alternatives.

Based upon the environmental review process, the Kellogg/Seminary Street alignment would result in 

the least harm to Section 4(f) resources. The criteria for this determination are explained below.

a) The relative significance of each 4(f) property:

The only 4(f) resource impacted by this project is the Galesburg Historic District and the contributing 

properties within it. The Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative, while impacting the most contributing 

properties converts the least amount of acreage of contributing properties to transportation use.

Additionally, the quality of the contributing properties on the Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative is 

considered to be lower than the quality of the contributing properties that would be impacted by either 

the Kellogg Street alternative of the Seminary Street alternative. 

b) The ability to mitigate adverse impacts to each Section 4(f) resource, including any measures 

that result in benefits to the property:

The Kellogg Street alternative would impact the cohesive quality of the neighborhood, including the loss 

of the canopy of mature trees, uniform setback of the houses and the replacement of the brick street. 

Additionally, improvement to Kellogg Street would route additional traffic through a now quieter 
Section 106/4(f) Report

29

residential street with local traffic only. It would be possible to mitigate from some of these effects by 

planting additional trees and replacing the brick surface, however some of the historic material and 

character would be lost. It would not be possible to mitigate for the additional traffic that would be 

traveling through the quiet neighborhood.

For the Seminary Street alternative and the Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative, each alternative would 

be constructed using mechanically stabilized earth rather than embankments to reduce the overall 

footprint of the grade separation structure, thereby reducing the impacts to properties contributing to 

the historic district to the extent possible. Both of these alternatives would be mitigated similarly,

although the Seminary Street alternative has greater impacts to contributing properties. 

Additional mitigation will include a historic survey of the portions of the historic district that have not 

been surveyed, recordation of some contributing structures that will be demolished and the use of 

materials consistent with the historic district setting were considered as part of each alternative. 

The Kellogg Street alternative would result in impacts that could not be mitigated or result in the loss of 

historic feeling in the neighborhood.

c) The relative severity of the remaining harm, after mitigation, to the protected activities, 

attributes, or features that qualify each Section 4(f) property for protection:

After mitigation is complete, each of the alternatives would alter the visual space of the historic district 

due to the presence of the overpass structure.

After mitigation is complete, the Kellogg Street alternative would result in 9 fewer contributing 

structures within the historic district, no properties with only right-of-way acquisition, five properties 

with right-of-way and temporary easements, and two properties with only temporary easements for a 

total of 3.568 acres of land converted to transportation use from contributing structures. Although 

Kellogg Street impacts fewer contributing properties than the other alternatives, it impacts more 

structures that are considered of higher quality and of greater local and state importance. Structures 

located at 120, 325, 382, 435, and 450 Kellogg Street each have at least one designation as a structure of 

local or state importance. Two structures located at 483 and 486 North Kellogg Street, just north of the 

Kellogg Street alternative, are local landmarks. 

The following narrative further highlights the importance of one structure in particular, the William 

Browning Mansion at 325 Kellogg Street. This building was originally located across the street. After the 

original owners passed away, the Salvation Army acquired the property. When the Salvation Army 

proposed expansion of their facility next door, they considered demolishing it. The Galesburg Historical 

Society (GHS) spearheaded an effort to save the house and move it to a new site, where it currently sits. 

The GHS restored the house and used it as a museum. In 2003, the house was sold to private owners 

and the new owners continued to restore the structure. The William Browning Mansion is noted as an 

anchor structure on the Galesburg Historic District Nomination Form and is a featured property in 

Historic Galesburg: Seven Self-Guided Walking Tours. 

Also, the Kellogg Street alternative would impact the brick paved streets located from the 300-400 

blocks of Kellogg Street. Brick streets are considered a key element to the historic character of the 

Galesburg Historic District, in part because they were manufactured by the now closed, Purington Brick 

Co. which was located in East Galesburg. The Kellogg Street alternative would introduce additional 
Section 106/4(f) Report

30

traffic on a now quiet residential street and the existing tree canopy which contributes to the historic 

feeling of the neighborhood would be lost until the replacement trees became mature.

Other features that would be removed under the Kellogg Street alternative would include:

156.6 linear feet of the original sandstone slab sidewalk located at 382 Kellogg Street,

467.7 linear feet of brick sidewalk, and

1,436.2 linear feet of stone curbing.

After mitigation is complete, the Seminary Street alternative would result in 19 fewer contributing 

structures within the historic district, no properties with only right-of-way acquisition, 11 properties 

with right-of-way acquisition and temporary easements, and no properties with only temporary 

easements for a total of 3.346 acres of land converted to transportation use. The Seminary Street 

alternative would require approximately 0.01 acres from one property that is of state importance and 

would impact the more densely built up residential and commercial area south of the Chillicothe 

Subdivision. The Seminary Street alternative would not impact any brick paved streets.

Other features that would be removed under the Seminary Street alternative include:

1,168.0 linear feet of brick sidewalk, and

939.2 linear feet of sand stone curbing.

There is no sandstone sidewalk impacted along the Seminary Street alignment.

After mitigation is complete, the Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative would result in 16 fewer 

contributing structures within the historic district, no properties with only right-of-way acquisition, two 

properties with right-of-way acquisition and temporary easements, and six properties with only 

temporary easements for a total of 2.761 acres of land converted to transportation use. The KelloggSeminary Street alternative would require approximately 0.02 acres from one property that is of state 

importance. Although the Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative impacts more contributing structures 

than Kellogg Street, there is less acreage converted to transportation use and the quality and 

significance of the resources are less than those impacted by the Kellogg Street alternative. The 

Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative would not impact any brick paved streets. 

Other features that would be removed under the Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative include:

620.8 linear feet of brick sidewalk, and

817.7 linear feet of sandstone curbing.

There is no sandstone sidewalk impacted along the Seminary Street alignment.

d) The view of the official(s) with jurisdiction over each Section 4(f) property:

The views of the State Historic Preservation Officer will be sought after the public review of this Section 

106/Section 4(f) document.

e) The degree to which each alternative meets the purpose and need for the project:

Each of the alternatives would improve the response times of emergency services. However, the 

Seminary and Kellogg/Seminary Street alternatives would put emergency vehicles on Seminary Street, a 

direct route to the two medical facilities and the ambulance service, which better improves response 
Section 106/4(f) Report

31

time of emergency vehicles than the Kellogg Street alternative. Under this criterion, the Seminary Street 

and Kellogg/Seminary Street perform better than the Kellogg Street alternative.

f) After reasonable mitigation, the magnitude of any adverse impacts to resources not protected 

by Section 4(f):

The Kellogg Street alternative would displace 11 residential living units and three commercial properties 

(one currently vacant). The Seminary Street alternative would displace 19 residential living units and 

three commercial properties (one currently vacant). The Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative would 

displace 16 residential living units and three commercial properties (two currently vacant).

The Seminary Street alternative would keep all traffic on the existing arterial route. Constructing an 

overpass on Kellogg Street would essentially move traffic off an arterial3route to a residential4route. 

This would necessitate further upgrades to Kellogg Street, both north and south of the project area. The 

Kellogg Street alternative would result in harm to the character of the residential neighborhoods north 

of the project area due to increased traffic. The Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative would require 

upgrades to the two blocks of Kellogg Street south of the overpass, but traffic would remain on the 

arterial route (Seminary Street) north of the project. The upgrades occurring south of the overpass and 

associated increase in traffic are viewed as positive impacts because it will increase exposure to the 

commercial district lining this segment. 

The City of Galesburg’s arborist performed tree surveys along the Kellogg Street, Seminary Street and 

Kellogg/Seminary Street alignments. A total of 17 trees were recorded within the construction limits of 

the Kellogg Street alignment. Impacted trees are dominated by various maple species. In the opinion of 

the city arborist, eight of the 17 trees are contributing to the landscape value of the historic district 

while the other nine trees are detracting from the landscape value largely due to storm damage or 

conflicts with overhead utility lines. The eight trees contributing to the landscape value of the historic 

district have an average diameter of 22.09 inches indicating that these trees are about twenty-five 

percent larger than the trees impacted by the other alternatives.

A total of 14 trees were recorded within the construction limits of the Seminary Street alignment. 

Impacted trees are dominated by various maple trees. In the opinion of the city arborist, six of the 14 

trees are contributing to the landscape value of the historic district while the other eight trees are 

detracting from it due to storm damage, decay, conflicts with overhead utility lines or because they are 

growing in unwanted areas such as at the edge of the Cedar Creek channel. The six trees contributing to 

the landscape value of the historic district have an average diameter of 17.86 inches.

A total of 45 trees were recorded within the construction limits of the Kellogg/Seminary Street 

alignment. Impacted trees consist of a mix of maple, locust, mulberry, fruit trees, cedar, and tree of 

heaven. In the opinion of the city arborist, eight of the 45 trees are contributing to the landscape value 

of the historic district while the other 37 are detracting from it due to damage, decay, conflicts with 

overhead utility lines or because they are growing in unwanted areas such as at the edge of the Cedar 

 

3

An arterial roadway is a road that serves traffic at higher volumes and speeds than neighboring roadways and 

connects major destination points within a city.

4

Residential roadways are those that serve primarily residential neighborhoods. Traffic volumes and speeds are 

generally much lower than found on arterial roadways.
Section 106/4(f) Report

32

Creek channel. The eight trees contributing to the landscape value of the historic district have an 

average diameter of 17.76 inches, similar to the Seminary Street alternative.

Trees removed due to implementation of the project will be replaced by the City in accordance with the 

Illinois Department of Transportation’s tree replacement policy (LEN-14) and with input from the GLC 

regarding the type of trees.

g) Substantial differences in costs among the alternatives.

Each of the alternatives has similar construction and maintenance costs. 

The three overpass alternatives will result in impacts to contributing properties within the historic 

district. In conducting the least harms analysis, each alternative has similar costs, and thus cost was not 

a factor in the analysis. FHWA considers the Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative to cause the least harm 

to the Galesburg Historic District for the following reasons:

1. It converts the least amount of Section 4(f) property to transportation use (2.761 acres).

2. It impacts contributing structures that are generally of lower quality, in terms of historic 

value, than the contributing structures that would be impacted by the other two 

alternatives within the historic district.

3. It would avoid impacts to the tree canopy, the brick street and avoid routing traffic through 

a residential neighborhood that would occur if the Kellogg Street alternative was selected.

4. The Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative performs better than the Kellogg Street alternative 

and similar to the Seminary Street alternative because it provides a direct route between 

the two medical facilities.

5. The number of trees impacted on Kellogg/Seminary Street is the greatest; however, the 

quality of those trees is less than the quality of the trees impacted by the Kellogg Street and 

Seminary Street alternatives.

6. The Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative impacts fewer feet of stone curbing and brick 

sidewalks than the Seminary Street Alternative, both elements contributing to the historic 

character of the district.

7.0 MITIGATION

Impacts to historic resources have been minimized to the extent possible by placing the proposed 

overpass on mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls, rather than conventional embankment. The use 

of MSE technology reduces the project footprint by over 50 percent, reducing the need for additional 

right-of-way and the need to remove additional structures within the historic district. 

Removed landscaping on properties with temporary easements will be replaced after construction 

activities are completed. Impacted trees will be replaced by the City of Galesburg in accordance with 

IDOT policy LEN-14. The locations and species mix of replacement trees will be coordinated with 

property owners and the GLC.

Traffic volumes are expected to increase on Kellogg Street between Water Street and South Street. 

Existing Kellogg is classified as a Collector between Ferris and Simmons and is classified as a Local Street 

from Simmons to South and from Ferris to Water. The section of Kellogg Street from Water Street to 
Section 106/4(f) Report

33

South Street would probably be reclassified as a Minor Arterial. Commercial land uses surround this 

segment of Kellogg Street. Businesses would have increased exposure to potential customers. 

Brick sidewalks and stone curbing will be replaced where appropriate. Any remaining materials will be 

stored for use in the City’s ongoing brick street maintenance program.

Intersections will be improved to handle the additional traffic and enhance traffic flow. These are seen 

as positive benefits to the community and the historic district; therefore, no mitigation measures are 

warranted.

Attachment 9 includes the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the Illinois State Historic 

Preservation Officer (SHPO), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Illinois Department of 

Transportation (IDOT), and City of Galesburg. The following mitigation commitments are discussed in 

the MOA:

The City will make the structure at 234-236 North Kellogg Street available for purchase and relocation. 

The purchaser would be required to execute a restrictive preservation covenant and rehabilitate the 

building in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior’s “Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines 

for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings”. If the structure is not purchased under these terms, the City may 

sell without restrictions or demolish the structure.

Prior to sale without a covenant or demolition of the structure at 234-236 North Kellogg Street, the City 

shall document the property in accordance with Level III of the Illinois Historic Buildings Survey (IL 

HABS).

The City, in consultation with the GLC, shall ensure that a plan for salvage and reuse of architectural 

elements from the buildings within the Galesburg Historic District is agreed upon, submitted to IHPA for 

approval and then implemented. The purpose of the plan shall be to provide residents of the Historic 

District with appropriate salvaged materials for use in restoring historic buildings throughout the district.

The City shall consider the comments of the GLC during project design and shall incorporate historic 

design elements into the overpass and associated landscape features. These features shall include but 

not be limited to the overpass itself, sidewalks, trees, lighting and fencing. To reduce the footprint of 

the overpass, the structure will be placed on mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls, rather than 

conventional embankments. 

The City shall undertake a building-by-building resurvey of structures within a portion of the Galesburg 

National Register Historic District delineated as agreed to with the Commission. The survey will include 

the unsurveyed portions of the historic district generally located west of West Street, east of Grove 

Street, and a few properties at the northern edge of the district. This survey shall be completed within 

two years of the approved environmental document and will be performed by a person familiar with 

state survey standards and guidelines who meets the professional qualifications outlined by the National 

Park Service in 36 CFR Part 61.

The potential for archaeological deposits will be investigated by IDOT and IHPA and a plan will be 

developed for the recovery of any affected significant archaeological deposits following land acquisition.
Section 106/4(f) Report

34

8.0 HOW AND WHY THE CRITERIA OF ADVERSE EFFECT WERE FOUND TO BE APPLICABLE

A total of 24 properties that contribute to the Galesburg Historic District will be affected by the 

construction of the preferred alternative. Sixteen of these impacts include the demolition of a structure 

contributing to the historic district. Two properties will have right-of-way acquisition and six other 

properties will have temporary easements. The IHPA has concurred that these permanent and 

temporary impacts will result in an adverse effect, as defined in 36 CFR 800.5(a)(1), the Criteria of 

Adverse Effect (See Attachment 4). The project will change the character of the property’s physical 

features within the property’s setting that contribute to its historic significance by removing 

contributing structures to the district. The project will introduce visual, atmospheric or audible elements 

that diminish the integrity of contributing elements of the historic district.

9.0 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND COORDINATION

9.1 GALESBURG LANDMARK COMMISSION AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY

The Galesburg Landmark Commission (GLC) is a local commission within the City of Galesburg and was 

established to designate specific landmarks and historic districts within the community. The GLC 

requested to be named as a consulting party in the Memorandum of Agreement between FHWA, IDOT, 

IHPA, and the City. This letter of request is included in this report as Attachment 5. 

The Galesburg Historic Society (GHS), GLC, and IHPA were consulted during the development of 

alternatives. On October 6, 2009, the GLC met with the City and the IHPA to review the proposed 

project and to discuss mitigation options for potential impacts. At this meeting, the members of the GLC

recommended that the Kellogg Street alternative be removed from consideration due to its impacts to 

historic structures of local and state importance and due to impacts to brick streets. 

On October 27, 2009, the GLC walked the project area with City staff to gain a better understanding of 

which properties would be impacted under the remaining alternatives. Members of the GLC asked that 

the structure at 234-236 N. Kellogg Street be saved, if possible. 

On November 3, 2009, the GLC met to further discuss the impacted properties and mitigation options. 

The President of the GHS, also a member of the GLC, reported that the GHS had met the previous week 

to discuss the project and all 13 members present voted in favor of the Kellogg Street to Seminary Street 

alternative. The GHS sent a letter to the City stating their support of the Kellogg/Seminary Street 

alternative (Attachment 6). One member of the GLC voiced a preference for the Seminary Street 

alternative while others favored the curved alignment. The GLC requested that a representative of the 

GLC and the GHS be appointed to serve on the Citizens’ Advisory Group (CAG) during the design of this 

project (Attachment 7). It was also proposed that demolished contributing structures, particularly the 

duplex at 234-236 N. Kellogg Street, could be offered for salvage. 

9.2 CITIZEN ADVISORY GROUP (CAG)

The CAG is a group of community volunteers who work with the Project Study Group (PSG) to develop 

and implement the Stakeholder Involvement Plan. The CAG assisted the PSG in conducting a context 
Section 106/4(f) Report

35

audit with the stakeholders to determine characteristics contributing to the context of the project and 

was consulted in the development and evaluation of alternatives. The CAG met three times with the 

PSG during the course of the project. 

9.3 PUBLIC MEETINGS

To date, four public meetings have been offered to discuss the need for the project and the project 

alternatives. No comments specific to impacts on historic resources were received. 

On March 31, 2011, a Notice of Availability was published in the local newspaper making the public 

aware that the 106/4(f) Report was available for review and comment at the Galesburg Public Library as 

well as the City Clerk’s office. No public comments were received on the report during the 30 day 

comment period. See Attachment 8 for a certificate of publication for Notice of Availability.

9.4 LETTERS OF SUPPORT FOR THE PROJECT

Letters stating the support for the purpose of the project and need for an overpass in the vicinity of 

Seminary Street were received from the following entities:

Galesburg Fire Department

Galesburg Police Department

Galesburg Hospitals’ Ambulance Service

OSF St. Mary Medical Center and OSF St. Mary Medical Center Emergency Management System

Galesburg Area Chamber of Commerce

Galesburg Landmark Commission

Galesburg Historical Society

These letters of support are included in Attachment 6.

9.5 PUBLIC HEARING

A public hearing will be held following approval of the Environmental Assessment for the project.

9.6 COORDINATION WITH OFFICIAL WITH JURISDICTION OVER THE SECTION 106 AND SECTION 

4(F) RESOURCES

In Illinois, the IHPA houses the Illinois State Historic Preservation Officer and is the official with 

jurisdiction consulted. The FHWA, IDOT, and the IHPA have coordinated with the City of Galesburg and 

the GLC to develop mitigation commitments for impacts to historic resources. Section 7.0 describes 

these mitigation options as developed in the Memorandum of Agreement.
Section 106/4(f) Report

36

In a letter dated June 20, 2011 (Attachment 10), the State Historic Preservation Officer ( SHPO) states 

that the IHPA has reviewed the Draft Joint Section 106/Section 4(F) report for this project and has 

determined that the report adequately discusses the proposed effects to historic properties within the 

area of potential effect. Further, the SHPO states that the IHPA supports the draft Memorandum of 

Agreement (MOA) prepared for purposes of section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 

1966, as amended, and that they will continue to work with the Illinois Department of Transportation 

and the Federal Highway Administration as the project moves forward in order to ratify a MOA that 

satisfies the intent and purpose of sections 106 and 4 (f).

In a letter dated August 18, 2011 (Attachment 11), the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) 

stated that their participation in the consultation to resolve adverse effects associated with this project 

is not needed. In a letter dated December 2, 2011, (Attachment 12) the ACHP states that they have 

received the MOA and it has been files and this completes the requirements of Section 106 of the 

National Historic Preservation Act and the ACHP’s regulations.

In a letter dated September 19, 2011 (Attachment 13), the United States Department of the Interior 

(DOI), states that they have reviewed the Draft Section 4(f) Evaluation for the Kellogg Street/Seminary 

Street Grade separation over the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad (BNSF), Knox County, Galesburg, 

Illinois. This letter states that the DOI concurs with the FHWA and the IDOT on a determination there 

are no feasible or prudent avoidance alternatives to the preferred action, if built as proposed, which 

would result in impacts to eligible properties.
Section 106/4(f) Report

37

FIGURES
Section 106/4(f) Report

38

Figure 1 Location

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Peck St
Section 106/4(f) Report

39

Galesburg Historic District

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Figure 2 Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

The Galesburg National Register Historic District is outlined by black. The general project area is enclosed 

by the red box.
Section 106/4(f) Report

40

1:00

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5:00

6:00

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1:00

3:00

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6:00

5:00

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Galesburg Hospitals’ Ambulance Service Response Times

North Kellogg/Seminary Street

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Figure 3

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BNSF Chillicothe

Subdivision

The project area is highlighted with a red box.

Galesburg Hospitals’ Ambulance Service is located in the pink center (2175 Windish Drive). 

Response time increases by 15 seconds for every contour interval.
Section 106/4(f) Report

41

Central Fire Station Response Times

North Kellogg/Seminary St.

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Figure 4

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

The project area is highlighted with a red box.

The Central Fire Station is the largest of the three fire stations in Galesburg and is located in the pink center 

(150 S. Broad Street). Response times increase by 15 seconds for every contour interval.

10:00

9:00

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6:00

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BNSF Chillicothe

Subdivision

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Section 106/4(f) Report

42

Figure 5 Existing Emergency Response Route Alternatives

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Emergency responders have a limited number of alternative roadways to take when Seminary Street is blocked by a train on the Chillicothe Subdivision. The nearest 

existing arterial routes from the intersection of Main Street and Seminary Street to Cottage Hospital are Henderson Street, located one mile west of Seminary Street 

and Farnham Street, located one mile east of Seminary Street. The three dashed lines show hypothetical routes a responder might take when responding to or from an 

emergency in the downtown area of Galesburg. The Henderson Street (red) and Seminary Street (green) alternatives each cross the Chillicothe Subdivision, although 

an overpass on West Main Street (pink) is planned for completion in 2012. The Farnham Street alternative (blue) has a grade separation over the Chillicothe 

Subdivision but crosses the Mendota Subdivision on East Main Street. The proposed Kellogg/Seminary Street overpass (solid green) would provide a much quicker and 

more direct route to emergencies occurring south of the Chillicothe Subdivision.
Section 106/4(f) Report

43

Figure 6 Figure 6

Alternative Comparisons of Section 106/4(f) Resource Impacts

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Kellogg Street Seminary Street Kellogg Street / Seminary Street

The above diagrams show the three alternatives that were considered in greatest detail and the potential 

impacts to Section 106/4(f) resources under each alternative. The numbers in the diagrams show the 

location of each of the properties that are considered to contribute to the Galesburg Historic District. 

Numbers are taken from the two historical surveys conducted for this project. Survey numbers for the 

Kellogg Street alternative and the Kellogg/Seminary Street alternative are taken from “An Architectural and 

Historical Assessment of the North Seminary/Kellogg Street Grade Separation Project” (Attachment 1). 

Survey numbers for the Seminary Street alternative are taken from “An Architectural and Historical 

Assessment of the North Seminary Street Grade Separation Project” (Attachment 2). 

CONTRIBUTING PROPERTY 

IMPACT SUMMARY

Full Purchase: 9

ROW & Temporary Easement: 5

Temporary Easements: 2

Acres Converted: 3.568

20

14

11

10

6

12

18

21

22

2

24

25

28

23

26

27

3

PECK STREET 

CLOSURE

49

5

4

3

6

7

8

9

2

53

54

50

47

48

16

18

20

21

22

23

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

CONTRIBUTING PROPERTY 

IMPACT SUMMARY

Full Purchase: 19

ROW &Temporary Easements: 11

Temporary Easements: 0

Acres Converted: 3.346

CONTRIBUTING PROPERTY 

IMPACT SUMMARY

Full Purchase: 16

ROW & Temporary Easements: 3

Temporary Easements: 5

Acres Converted: 2.761

PECK STREET 

CLOSURE

SEMINARY STREET 

CLOSURE

KELLOGG STREET 

CLOSURE

2

5 6

10

11

12 54 56

53

51 52

49

48

46

47

44

43

41

37 36

38

39

40

42

= Full Purchase of Contributing Property

= Full Purchase of Non-Contributing Property

= ROW & Temporary Easement

= Temporary Easement Only

#

#

#
Section 106/4(f) Report

44

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 7

Displacements

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

and

Residential duplex – 234-236 N. Kellogg Street

Survey No. 10

This Double House was built between 1911 and 1918. It exhibits 

influences from the Queen Anne architectural style.

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. 

Kellogg Street will be closed south of North Street after 

construction of the grade separation resulting in a loss of access 

for this property. This property will be demolished unless it can 

be relocated as outlined in the MOA. No trees will be taken from 

this property.
Section 106/4(f) Report

45

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 8

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Survey No. 11

This residence is thought to have been built between 1850 and 1898, but 

may have been constructed earlier. The garage was constructed after 

1927. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. Kellogg 

Street will be closed south of North Street after construction of the 

grade separation resulting in a loss of access for this property. This 

property will be demolished and one tree will be removed.

Single family residence – 246 N. Kellogg Street
Section 106/4(f) Report

46

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 9

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Survey No. 12

This building was constructed between 1910 and 1918. The 

walls are made of rock-faced concrete blocks. A second 

building, a two-story “flat” used to stand to the south of the 

apartment building. Together, these were known as the Allen 

Apartments. The remaining structure has approximately 15 

units.

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. 

This property is within the footprint of the proposed grade 

separation and will be demolished and three trees will be 

removed. 

Allen Apartments – 259 N. Kellogg Street
Section 106/4(f) Report

47

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 10

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 427 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 40

This L-shaped Cottage was built between 1889 and 

1898. The structure’s footprint has changed overtime 

with the enclosure of the front and side porches. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. Proposed right-of-way will be required from 

this property. This property will be demolished. No 

trees will be removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

48

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 11

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Vacant commercial building – 413 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 42

This building was constructed in two phases. The 

southern half was constructed first, between 1910 and 

1918. The northern half was built between 1919 and 

1924. It was operated as a grocery store under

different owners. It was last used by “Universal 

Sporting Goods” but presently sits vacant.

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. Proposed right-of-way will be required from 

this property. This property will be demolished and two 

trees will be removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

49

Figure 12

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 410 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 43

Assuming this property retains its basic historic configuration, it may 

represent a Queen Anne interpretation of the traditional I-Cottage. It was 

built between 1885 and 1905

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. This 

property will be demolished due to right-of-way acquisition. No trees will 

be removed. 

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 
Section 106/4(f) Report

50

Figure 13

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 400 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 44

This L-shaped Cottage was built between 1885 and 1905. Sanborn maps from 

1918 show the existing footprint has not changed since then. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. This property 

will be demolished due to right-of-way acquisition and will have two trees 

removed. 

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 
Section 106/4(f) Report

51

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 14

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 383 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 46

This residence was built between 1889 and 1898. It 

features front and side gables. A rear wing was added 

around 1918. 

This property will be demolished and have two trees 

removed. Seminary Street will be closed north of North 

Street after construction of the grade separation 

resulting in a loss of access for this property. Although 

access could be maintained from the north (Peck 

Street), the proposed right-of-way is so near the 

property that it would still be considered a take. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

52

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 15

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 364 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 47

This Queen Anne cottage was built between 1895 and 

1905. It features a full-length front porch with turned 

posts and a frieze of spindlework.

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. This property is within the footprint of the 

proposed grade separation and will be demolished. Two 

trees will be removed from this property.
Section 106/4(f) Report

53

Figure 16

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Single family residence – 357 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 48

This Front-Gabled House was built between 1898 and 

1910. A small detached garage was constructed 

between 1918 and 1927. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. Seminary Street will be closed north of North 

Street after construction of the grade separation 

resulting in a loss of access for this property. This 

property will be demolished and will have two trees 

removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

54

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 17

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 343 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 49

This Front-Gabled House was likely constructed 

between 1898 and 1910. It features a full-length front 

porch. Asbestos siding covers the exterior walls.

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. Seminary Street will be closed north of North 

Street after construction of the grade separation 

resulting in a loss of access for this property. This 

property will be demolished and will have three trees 

removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

55

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 18

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 328 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 51

This small I-Cottage was constructed between 1870 and 

1880, if not earlier. A small modern deck has been 

added to the front of the house. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. This property is within the footprint of the 

proposed grade separation and will be demolished. 

Four trees and landscaping shrubs will be removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

56

Figure 19

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Single family residence – 367 E. North Street

Survey No. 52

This L-shaped Cottage was built between 1918 and 

1927. It closely resembles Survey No. 53 to the west 

but its porch has been enclosed. Aluminum siding has 

been replaced with vinyl and double-hung sash 

windows have been replaced with vinyl ones. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. This property is within the footprint of the 

proposed grade separation and will be demolished. 

Two trees and landscaping shrubs will be removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

57

Figure 20

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Survey No. 53

This L-shaped Cottage was built between 1918 

and 1927. It closely resembles Survey No. 52 

to the immediate east.

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg 

historic district. This property will be 

demolished due to right-of-way acquisition 

and three trees will be taken.

Single family residence – 357 E. North Street
Section 106/4(f) Report

58

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 21

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Survey No. 54

The Queen Anne-style residence was built between 1898 and 

1906. The original front porch has been removed. The 

house’s footprint has not changed since 1927. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. This property is within the footprint of the proposed 

grade separation and will be demolished. Three trees will be 

removed.

Single family residence – 354 E. North Street
Section 106/4(f) Report

59

Single family residence – 370 E. North Street

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 22

Total Takes

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Survey No. 56

This residence is suspected to have been built between 1870 

and 1880. The basic form is that of an I-Cottage, although 

multiple additions have been made. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. This property will be demolished due to the proximity 

of the required right-of-way acquisition and two trees will be 

removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

60

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 23

ROW Acquisition Only

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 443 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 39

This Side-Hall House was built between 1889 and 1898. 

It features a full-length, gable-roofed, brick front porch. 

The porch and rear wing appear to be later additions 

(pre-1918). 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic 

district. This property will require right-of-way 

acquisition but it will maintain access and will not be 

demolished. One tree will be removed from this 

property.
Section 106/4(f) Report

61

Figure 24

ROW Acquisition Only

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Action Income Tax Service – 420 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 41

This International-style building was built between 1951 and 1960. 

It was first used as a dental office but is now occupied by Action 

Income Tax Service, Inc.

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. This 

property will require right-of-way acquisition but will maintain 

access and will not be demolished. No trees will be removed.

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 
Section 106/4(f) Report

62

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 25

Temporary Easements

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

First United Methodist Church parking lot– 120 N. Kellogg Street

Survey No. 2

The First Methodist Church in Galesburg was organized in 1847. The 

pictured structure was constructed in 1911-1913 to replace the 

original church that occupied the cornier of Kellogg and Tompkins 

Streets and was destroyed by fire in 1909. The existing church is a 

Gothic-inspired structure. 

A temporary easement will be required from the First United 

Methodist Church’s parking lot and the small parking lot to the north. 

There will be no permanent loss of parking and permanent impact to 

the church property. One tree may be removed from the southeast 

corner of the parking lot.
Section 106/4(f) Report

63

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 26

Temporary Easements

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Residential duplex – 277-279 E. Water Street

Survey No. 5

This residence was built between 1898 and 1906. It is vernacular in 

character but does have modest late Queen Anne detailing as seen 

in features of the front porch and cross gable. 

This property is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. A 

temporary construction easement will be required from the south 

side of the property and one tree may be removed.
Section 106/4(f) Report

64

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 27

Temporary Easements

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Residential duplex – 287-289 E. Water Street

Survey No. 6

This Double House was built between 1906 and 1911 with vernacular Prairiestyle detailing. The small garage was added between 1918 and 1927. 

This property is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. A temporary 

construction easement will be required from the south side of the property 

and one tree may be removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

65

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 28

Temporary Easements

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 463 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 36

This Bungalow is identical to house to the immediate north and were 

likely built during the same time and by the same builder/developer. 

It was constructed between 1924 and 1927. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. This 

property will have a temporary construction easement. No trees will

be removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

66

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 29

Temporary Easements

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 464 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 37

This Italianate home was built between 1870 and 1880. The original 

weatherboard siding still covers the exterior walls. In 1918, Sanborn maps 

showed a rear wing which is no longer present.

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. This 

property will have a temporary construction easement. Two trees and 

landscaping shrubs may be removed.
Section 106/4(f) Report

67

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Figure 30

Temporary Easements

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Single family residence – 459 N. Seminary Street

Survey No. 38

This Bungalow-like residence was constructed between 1930 and 1940. 

A brick porch extends across half of the front elevation. 

This structure is contributing to the Galesburg historic district. This 

property will have a temporary construction easement. No trees will be 

removed. 
Section 106/4(f) Report

68

Figure 31 Avoidance Alternatives: Roadway Construction Alternatives

Kellogg/Seminary Street Overpass

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Project # 08-0091

Kaskaskia 

Engineering 

Group, LLC 

Two roadway construction alternatives were considered on routes outside of the historic district to avoid impacts to historic resources. An overpass of the Chillicothe 

Subdivision on Henderson Street would not improve emergency response times due to its distance from the medical facilities. An overpass of the Chillicothe 

Subdivision on Lincoln Street would not improve times because an emergency responder would still have to cross the Mendota Subdivision on East Main Street. An 

overpass on Lincoln Street would not provide a direct route to the medical facilities located on Seminary Street.

Henderson Street overpass 

of Chillicothe Subdivision

Lincoln Street overpass 

of Chillicothe Subdivision
ATTACHMENT 1

ATTACHMEN T 1 
To be included on CD with final submittal.
ATTACHMENT 2

ATTACHMEN T 2
To be included on CD with final submittal.
ATTACHMENT 3

ATTACHMEN T 3















ATTACHMENT 4

ATTACHMEN T 4 

ATTACHMENT 5

ATTACHMEN T 5 

ATTACHMENT 6 

ATTACHMEN T 6 






 Galesburg Hospitals’ Ambulance Service 

 2175 Windish Drive, Galesburg, IL 61401 * Phone: 309-342-5144 Fax: 309-342-4834 

“Quality Patient Care”

September 13, 2010 

To Whom It May Concern, 

Galesburg Hospitals’ Ambulance Service supports the city of Galesburg’s proposed 

construction project for the North Seminary Street overpass. The completion of this 

project will provide us with better response times for a medical or traumatic emergency. 

Currently we have many instances where our response time is delayed due to the train 

traffic at the North Seminary Street BNSF railroad crossing.

Regards,

Mike Howard, CCEMTP 

Director of Operations 
ATTACHMENT 7 

ATTACHMEN T 7 
MINUTES

GALESBURG LANDMARK COMMISSION 

CURTIS ERICKSON CONFERENCE ROOM OF GALESBURG CITY HALL 

REGULAR MEETING 

Tuesday, November 3, 2009 at 7:00 p.m. 

MEMBERS PRESENT: Bob Johnson, Cynthia Kitchen, Ron Peck, Paul Stewart and Greta 

Woolsey, 5. 

MEMBERS ABSENT: None. 

OTHERS PRESENT: Wayne Carl - City Engineer, Mary Lou Goodpaster - Kaskaski 

Engineering, Mike Breitbach - Hanson Professional Services, Ken Park - 

IDOT, Dick Lindstrom - Business owner and Stephen Gugliotta - 

Associate Planner.

Chairperson Stewart declared a quorum was present. 

Approve Minutes of October 27, 2009 

Member Woolsey made a motion to approve the minutes, seconded by Member 

Johnson. 

Roll Call #1 

Ayes: Members Johnson, Kitchen, Peck, Stewart and Woolsey, 5. 

Nays: None. 

Abstentions: None. 

Chairperson declared the motion approved. 

Updates Below are some updates of past/future items 

1. Chairperson Stewart stated that he had a conversation with Mayor Garza regarding 

the need for designated funding allocated to the Commission. He explained to the 

Mayor that when he was on a preservation commission in Aurora they allotted funds 

to their commission to sponsor preservation activities such as plaques and a nice 

reception for property owners being recognized for their efforts. The Galesburg 

Landmark Commission has no such funds and for years members have had to bring 

their own drinks and snacks to receptions and have handed out unframed 

certificates. Mayor Garza suggested a letter be written making a formal request and 

Chairperson Stewart wrote and submitted that letter to Mayor Garza and copied City 

Manager Dane Bragg. The letter was read to the Commission and the request was 

for a nominal amount of $500 to $1,000 to be included in the 2010 budget. 

2. Chairperson Stewart asked Member Kitchen to provide an update on the Façade 

Advisory Committee. Member Kitchen stated she attended the last meeting which 

reviewed the proposed Music Makers façade project. The building owners and Jay 

Bullis did a lot of research on the historic look of the façade and provided a number 

of pictures to show what the façade used to look like. Member Kitchen stated the 

Façade Program provides property owners an organized and supportive resource that 

assists owners through the process of making historic renovation choices. 
LC-09-1101 Consider Mitigation options for the proposed North Seminary Street / 

North Kellogg Street overpass project 

Chairperson Stewart stated that at our last meeting a walking tour was conducted 

of the project area to review which structures were proposed for displacement. He 

then asked if members that were not able to attend that meeting had a chance to 

look at the area on their own. Member Peck stated he did review the area with 

Debby Sugai, who is a member of the Galesburg Historical Society and was in 

attendance on the day of our tour. Member Kitchen stated she had also taken a 

look at the area. 

Chairperson Stewart stated that there are a number of structures being removed, 

which may not be landmarks, but are still a part of Galesburg’s history. That being 

said, he does understand the overpass is needed to increase emergency response. 

Both alignment options will have deleterious affects and it is difficult to choose 

between the options. He also mentioned he feels the Kellogg Street to Seminary 

Street alignment would be closer to historic structures on North Kellogg Street. 

Another concern mentioned was the potential loss of some existing herringbone 

sidewalks. 

Member Johnson stated he feels the Seminary Street to Kellogg Street alignment 

would be less intrusive from a historic perspective, which is what the Commission 

was charged to review. The duplex at 234-236 North Kellogg Street is the only 

structure proposed for displacement that may have historic significance. Even 

though this structure has been sided, there may still be features underneath that 

siding. Member Johnson did mention that, from a practical standpoint, the 

Seminary Street alignment may be the choice, but that is not from a historic 

viewpoint. 

Wayne Carl mentioned there is a new sidewalk policy that states if more than 60% 

of sidewalks in an area are brick, they would remain brick. Also, if a property 

owner wants to maintain a brick sidewalk in front of their property they have the 

option to choose brick. 

Chairperson Stewart asked whether there could be brick enhancements on one or 

both overpasses to keep the historic nature of Purington bricks alive within the 

community. Mike Breitbach stated they have an architect who will take design 

considerations of the Citizen Advisory Board under advisement. When the Citizen 

Advisory Board is created, it will include a member of the Landmark Commission. 

Member Stewart stated a letter was submitted to IHPA expressing his interest to be 

the person involved and if he is not able to attend he will appoint an alternative. 

Member Johnson also mentioned there might be a lot of salvage value in these 

buildings and wanted to know if it would be possible to advertise for insured 

salvage companies to bid on the option. Wayne Carl asked if Member Johnson 

knew of any such companies and Member Johnson stated he does know of a few 

and can provide a list. 
Member Peck asked if it would be possible to utilize a piece of each structure slated 

for displacement, such as a brick from the foundation, and incorporate it into the 

project as a memorial to the lost structures. 

Member Stewart commented that there will be a number of trees will be removed 

from the project area and believes they need to be replaced where possible. 

Member Peck stated he is President of the Galesburg Historical Society and 13 

members of their group met last week to discuss the project. After discussion all 

members present voted in favor of supporting the Seminary Street to Kellogg Street 

alignment option. Member Peck read a letter of support from their group to the 

Commission stating their belief that this option would be less intrusive from a 

historic perspective. 

Member Kitchen stated it is hard to think about displacing neighbors, but also 

believes the Seminary Street to Kellogg Street alignment option would affect the 

least amount of historic buildings. Member Woolsey also agrees with that 

alignment option. 

Member Stewart stated he prefers the Seminary Street alignment option because of 

his earlier statement that it would be located further away from North Kellogg 

Street. 

Member Peck made a motion to support the Seminary Street to Kellogg Street 

alignment option, seconded by Member Woolsey. 

Roll Call #2 

Ayes: Members Johnson, Kitchen, Peck and Woolsey, 4. 

Nays: Stewart, 1. 

Abstentions: None. 

Chairperson declared the motion approved.

The Commission next began to discuss possible mitigation options. 

The idea of potentially conducting additional surveys in the National Historic 

District was brought up. There have been two surveys done in the past twenty years 

that covered a large portion of the district, but there are still two areas that have not 

been surveyed yet. 

Two years ago City staff reviewed those areas that were not previously surveyed and 

determined the area located north east of the Local Chambers Street Historic 

District contains about 13.9 acres with 42 primary buildings and 29 accessory 

structures. The other area that was not surveyed is on the west end of the National 

Historic District and contains about 87.74 acres with 174 primary buildings and 73 

accessory structures . A question arose as to what it may cost to conduct such surveys 

and Wayne Carl stated from his discussions with IHPA it may be about $60 per 

structure. 

Chairperson Stewart asked how much the bridge project may cost. Wayne Carl 
stated it is estimated at about 8 to 8.5 million, with 60% funding from the Illinois 

Commerce Commission, 5% from BNSF and the State is covering most of the 

difference with the City providing some additional dollars. 

The option of recordation of properties proposed for displacement was also 

discussed. The estimated cost to conduct recordation would be about $6,000 to 

$7,000 per property. Member Johnson explained that Historic American Building 

Surveys (HABS) typically include interior floor plans, photographs, exterior 

elevations, detailed architectural descriptions and archival research of information. 

Members stated the only structure that they may want recordation of is the duplex at 

234-236 North Kellogg Street. 

A question arose as to what was meant by Conservation Easement Requirements for 

the potential sale of displaced structure(s). Mary Lou Goodpaster explained that if 

someone moves a structure they will be required to sign the Conservation Easement 

Requirements agreement that requires them to maintain the historic structure and 

never tear it down. Wayne Carl stated he will check with the Illinois Historic 

Preservation Agency (IHPA) to verify that it is a requirement to sign the agreement. 

It was also mentioned that when the Citizen Advisory Group is formed, that not only 

will a member of the Commission be involved, but the Galesburg Historic Society 

may also have a member involved. 

The topic of historic lighting was also mentioned. Chairperson Stewart stated that 

Galesburg has many areas that utilize historic lighting and a review of those types of 

lights should be conducted to determine what style should be incorporated into both 

overpass projects. 

Mary Lou Goodpaster reviewed some of the next steps in the process. 

o Next would be a meeting with the Illinois Department of Transportation 

(IDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in Springfield to 

finalize mitigation options. Chairperson Stewart would be invited to attend. 

o Then the 106/4f report would be completed and distributed to the 

Commission and to the public for review. 

o IHPA and the Commission would then sign a Memorandum of Agreement 

(MOA) with IDOT and the City. 

o The FHWA would then forward the documents to Washington, DC for 

concurrence. 

o The Environmental Assessment would then by completed 

o A public hearing would then be completed. 

o At this point the bridge design could begin. 

There being no further business, Member Johnson made a motion to adjourn, seconded by Member 

Woolsey, the meeting adjourned at 7:55 P.M. 

Stephen Gugliotta, AICP 

Executive Secretary 
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ATTACHMENT 8 

ATTACHMENT 8

ATTACHMENT 9
Memorandum of Agreement 

Kellogg/Seminary Street Project

Page 1

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT

AMONG

THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION,

THE CITY OF GALESBURG,

THE ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION,

AND THE ILLINOIS STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER,

REGARDING THE

KELLOGG/SEMINARY STREET GRADE SEPARATION, CITY OF GALESBURG, KNOX COUNTY,

ILLINOIS

WHEREAS, the City of Galesburg (the City) in coordination with the Illinois Department of Transportation 

(IDOT), plans to construct a grade separation and overpass on Seminary and Kellogg Streets (Project) in 

Knox County, Illinois, (Section 05-00501-21-GS); 

WHEREAS, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) may fund the Project thereby making the 

Project an undertaking subject to review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act 

(NHPA), 16 U.S.C. Section 470f, and its implementing regulations, 36 C.F.R. Part 800; and 

WHEREAS, the FHWA has defined the undertaking’s area of potential effect (APE) as the Galesburg 

Historic District boundaries as shown in Appendix A; and

WHEREAS, FHWA in consultation with the Illinois State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) has 

determined that standing structures which contribute to the historical significance of the Galesburg

Historic District, even without necessarily being eligible for the National Register of Historic Places 

(NRHP) individually, are located within the project’s APE;

WHEREAS, FHWA and IDOT, in consultation with SHPO, have determined that archaeological deposits 

associated with these historic properties may contain scientific data contributing to their eligibility for the 

NRHP; and

WHEREAS, in accordance with 36 CFR Part 800, the FHWA acknowledges and accepts the advice and 

conditions outlined in the Council’s “Recommended Approach for Consultation on the Recovery of 

Significant Information from Archaeological Sites,” published in the Federal Register on June 17, 1999; 

and

WHEREAS, FHWA has invited the City and the IDOT to participate in consultation and to become a 

signatory to this Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). The Galesburg Landmark Commission (the 

Commission) has been invited to participate in consultation and become a concurring party to the MOA;

WHEREAS, the following Tribes were notified of the undertaking on May 23, 2009: Ho-Chunk Nation, 

Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Forest County Potawatomi, Hannahville 

Indian Community, Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation, Sac and Fox 

Nation of Mississippi in Iowa, Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri, Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma. No 

concerns have been expressed from any of the Tribes;

WHEREAS, FHWA notified the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) of the preparation of 

this MOA, and in a letter dated August 18, 2011, the ACHP declined to participate in the consultation for 

the Project;

WHEREAS, execution and implementation of this MOA evidences that FHWA has satisfied its Section 

106 responsibilities for the Project; and 
Memorandum of Agreement 

Kellogg/Seminary Street Project

Page 2

NOW, THEREFORE, FHWA, the City, IDOT, and SHPO agree that the Project shall be implemented in 

accordance with the following stipulations to ensure that potential effects on historic properties are taken 

into account.

STIPULATIONS

The FHWA shall ensure that the following measures are carried out.

I. MARKETING

A. The consulting parties agree that 234-236 North Kellogg Street cannot remain its existing location 

for the Project to be built. The City, in consultation with the SHPO, shall offer 234-236 North Kellogg 

(the Building) for sale for a period of three (3) months, with an additional three (3) months to be 

moved from its current location. The marketing period shall commence on the first day of 

advertisement of the Building for sale. For the sale, the City shall prepare a marketing plan for the 

Building which shall include the following elements: 

1. An advertising plan and schedule.

2. A process for receiving and reviewing offers.

3. Information on the property’s cost.

4. An information package about the Building including: 

a. Photographs and site plan of the Building.

b. A parcel map.

c. Information on financial incentives available in conjunction with the purchase and 

rehabilitation of the Building.

d. Notification of the requirement for a restrictive preservation covenant in the deed 

transfer document (attached as Appendix B).

e. Notification that the purchaser must rehabilitate the Building in accordance with the 

recommended approaches of the Secretary of the Interior’s “Standards for 

Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings” 

B. Upon the SHPO’s agreement with the marketing plan, the City shall implement the plan and review 

all offers received in consultation with the SHPO prior to acceptance. The City shall ensure that 

transfer of the property incorporates a preservation covenant on the property with the SHPO. An 

acceptable offer shall include the offer or provide an acceptable plan for rehabilitation and 

maintenance and evidence of financial capability and expertise. 

C. Should the property not sell within the agreed upon marketing period, the City, shall notify the 

SHPO that no offers were received and the City may sell the Building without a covenant or may 

demolish the Building.

II. RECORDATION

If the Building will be sold without a covenant or if it is planned for demolition, the City shall document 

the property in accordance with Level III of the Illinois Historic American Buildings Survey (IL HABS). 

The SHPO will review the 95% and completed IL HABS documentation and accept or reject the final 

submittal in writing in accordance with IL HABS Standards. Acceptance of the 95% documentation 

by the SHPO in writing shall occur prior to disposition of the historic property. 

III. ARCHITECTURAL SALVAGE

The City, in consultation with the Commission, shall ensure that a plan for salvage and reuse of 

architectural elements from the buildings within the Galesburg Historic District is agreed upon, 

submitted to SHPO for approval and then implemented. The purpose of the plan shall be to provide 

residents of the Galesburg Historic District with appropriate salvaged materials for use in restoring 

historic buildings throughout the district.
Memorandum of Agreement 

Kellogg/Seminary Street Project

Page 3

IV. BRIDGE DESIGN AND LANDSCAPE FEATURES

The City shall consider the comments of the Commission during project design and shall incorporate 

historic design elements into the overpass and associated landscape features. These features shall 

include but not be limited to the overpass itself, sidewalks, trees, lighting and fencing. To reduce the 

footprint of the overpass, the structure will be placed on mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls, 

rather than conventional embankments. Brick sidewalks and stone curbing will be replaced where 

requested by the Commission and SHPO. Any remaining materials will be stored for use in the City’s 

ongoing brick street maintenance program. Removed landscape trees, sidewalks, and turf will be 

replaced after construction activities are completed on properties with temporary easements or land 

acquisitions in consultation with the Commission and SHPO.

V. RESURVEY OF GALESBURG HISTORIC DISTRICT

The City shall undertake a building by building resurvey of structures within the boundaries of the 

portion of the Galesburg Historic District delineated on the attached map (Appendix A). This survey 

shall be completed within two years of the approved environmental document and shall be 

undertaken by the firm of the City’s choice as long as it is completed by a person familiar with state 

survey standards and guidelines and that meets the professional qualifications outlined by the 

National Park Service in 36 CFR Part 61. The City will provide the SHPO with a copy of the survey 

upon completion for SHPO review and approval. 

VI. ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA RECOVERY

In consultation with the SHPO, IDOT will prepare a data recovery plan with a research design for any 

affected significant archaeological deposits associated with impacted historic properties that is 

consistent with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, the 

Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeological and Historic Preservation, and 

the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation’s Treatment of Archaeological Properties: A Handbook. 

A generalized data recovery plan (DRP), attached in Appendix C to this agreement, designed for data 

recovery from historic period Euro-American archeological properties will be used. 

VII. DURATION

This MOA will be null and void if its terms are not carried out within ten (10) years from the date of its 

execution. Prior to such time, the City may consult with the other signatories to reconsider the terms 

of the MOA and amend it in accordance with Stipulation VIII below.

VIII. DISPUTE RESOLUTION

Should any signatory or concurring party to this MOA object at any time to any actions proposed or 

the manner in which the terms of this MOA are implemented the FHWA shall consult with such party 

to resolve the objection. If the FHWA determines that such objection cannot be resolved the FHWA

will:

A. Forward all documentation relevant to the dispute, including the FHWA’s proposed resolution, 

to the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. The ACHP shall provide the FHWA with its 

advice on the resolution of the objection within thirty (30) days of receiving adequate 

documentation. Prior to reaching a final decision on the dispute, the City shall prepare a written 

response that takes into account any timely advice or comments regarding the dispute from the 

ACHP, signatories and concurring parties, and provide them with a copy of this written response. 

The FHWA will then proceed according to its final decision.
Memorandum of Agreement 

Kellogg/Seminary Street Project

Page 4

B. If the ACHP does not provide its advice regarding the dispute within the thirty (30) day time 

period, the FHWA may make a final decision on the dispute and proceed accordingly. Prior to 

reaching such a final decision, the FHWA shall prepare a written response that takes into account 

any timely comments regarding the dispute from the signatories and concurring parties to the 

MOA, and provide them and the ACHP with a copy of such written response.

C. The FHWA’s responsibility to carry out all other actions subject to the terms of this MOA that 

are not the subject of the dispute remain unchanged.

IX. AMENDMENTS

This MOA may be amended when such an amendment is agreed to in writing by all signatories. 

The amendment will be effective on the date a copy signed by all of the signatories is filed with 

the ACHP.

X. TERMINATION

If any signatory to this MOA determines that its terms will not or cannot be carried out, that party 

shall immediately consult with the other parties to attempt to develop an amendment per 

Stipulation VII, above. If within thirty (30) days (or another time period agreed to by all 

signatories) an amendment cannot be reached, any signatory may terminate the MOA upon 

written notification to the other signatories.

Once the MOA is terminated, and prior to work continuing on the undertaking, the FHWA must 

either (a) execute an MOA pursuant to 36 CFR § 800.6 or (b) request, take into account, and 

respond to the comments of the ACHP under 36 CFR § 800.7. The FHWA shall notify the 

signatories as to the course of action it will pursue.
Execution of this Memorandum of Agreement by the FHWA and the SHPO, evidences that the FHWA has 

complied with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and its 

implementing regulations 36 CFR 800 and that the FHWA has taken into account the effects of this 

project on historic properties. 

FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION 

By: IJ11~~~ .... 

Date: 1) ~ J.9, 2.-o ll 

ILLINOIS STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER 

By:~£·~, 

Date: ll 1 Lq ' J l 

INVITED SIGNATORIES 

ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 

By:---~~, '4&tl.~-...-~~:Z-==~=-=----· ---

Date: ____ t-+t,/_1_7+-/-'--"t( __ _ 

CI~:SBUR~- rl B~ C2j"7 

Date: \ll/ (.!l.oJ \ 

CONCURRING PARTY 

--

GA~G LANDMARK COMMISSION 

By. 'i!_ cj/_ r{}~j:f f?/IM-Y}U;U) XJ_ r 1 

Date: ~o/fY'. 0 I, ao II 

Memorandum of Agreement 

Kellogg/Seminary Street Project 

Page 5 

APPENDIX B

PRESERVATION COVENANT

In consideration of the conveyance of certain real property, 234-236 N. Kellogg Street in 

the city of Galesburg of the County Knox, State of Illinois and legally defined as Section 

1 of Township 11 North, Range 1 East:

(1) The grantee hereby covenants on behalf of itself, its heirs, successors and assigns 

at all time to restore, maintain and preserve this property in accordance with the 

recommended approaches of the “Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for 

Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic buildings” (National 

Park Service, 1989) in order to preserve those qualities that make this property 

eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.

(2) No construction, alteration or rehabilitation shall be undertaken or permitted to be 

undertaken that would affect the historic features of the property without 

consultation with and the express permission of the Illinois Historic Preservation 

Agency (IHPA) or a fully authorized representative thereof.

(3) The IHPA shall be permitted at all reasonable times to inspect the property in 

order to ascertain if the above conditions are being met.

(4) In the event of a violation of this covenant, and in addition to any remedy now or 

hereafter provided by law, the IHPA may, following reasonable notice to the 

grantee, institute suit to enjoin said violation or to require the restoration of the 

property.

(5) This covenant is binding on the grantee, its heirs, successors and assigns in 

perpetuity. All stipulations and covenants contained herein shall be inserted by 

the grantee verbatim or by express reference in any deed or other legal instrument 

by which the grantee divests itself of any interest in the property or any part 

thereof.

(6) The failure of the IHPA to exercise any right or remedy granted under this 

instrument shall not have the effect of waiving or limiting the exercise of any 

other right or remedy or use of such right or remedy at any other time.

(7) This covenant shall be a binding servitude upon the property and shall be deemed 

to run with the land. Execution of this covenant shall constitute conclusive 

evidence that the grantee agrees to be bound by the foregoing conditions and 

restrictions and to perform to obligations herein set forth.

(8) The IHPA may, for good cause, modify or cancel any or all of the foregoing 

restrictions upon application of the grantee, its heirs, successors or assigns.
Signatures required:

______________________________________

IHPA Date

______________________________________

Purchaser Date
Page 1

APPENDIX C: STANDARD DATA RECOVERY PLAN FOR HISTORIC SITES

Introduction

The Illinois Transportation Archaeological Research Program (ITARP), a joint program of the 

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) and the Illinois Department of Transportation 

(IDOT), prepared this data recovery plan for the archaeological mitigation of historic sites. This plan 

was developed in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for 

Archaeology and Historic Preservation (48 FR 44716), and “The Treatment of Archaeological 

Properties” published in 1980 by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. All procedures 

outlined in this plan are implemented using standard ITARP techniques, which are outlined in ITARP 

Field Manual 2005: Standard ITARP Field Procedures for Phase I, II, and III Archaeological 

Investigations.

The IDOT and Illinois State Historic Preservation Officer have jointly determined that the historic sites 

to be investigated with this recovery plan are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places 

(NRHP) under Criterion D and that these sites may not be avoided by the proposed project.

Natural Setting

The natural setting for archaeological sites excavated under this data recovery plan will be examined 

(prior to conducting further excavation) in the appropriate existing documentation and in the field. A 

verbal description of the natural setting will accompany maps and photographs in the final reporting of 

the site. Midwestern archaeological studies have noted a preference among early Euro-American 

pioneers to build their first homes along timber-prairie borders. Environmental factors, such as 

protection from the elements and proximity to timber, water, and wild animal resources, and cultural 

factors, such as origin of the settler and proximity to roads, both affect the placement of early 

settlement homes and farms. General Land Office survey and plat maps, coupled with native 

vegetation information from county soil surveys, assist in the reconstruction of local environments 

during the early settlement era. In much of the State, survey maps were created prior to and 

immediately following the initial Euro-American settlement. Government land transfer and original 

land entries/patents provide information about locations of early settlements. Further information from 

county history books, census data, and assorted primary source documents such as letters and 

diaries can also assist in reconstruction of the environmental and cultural factors affecting individual 

and group settlement. Aerial photographs and modern maps (US Geological Survey, USDA soil 

survey, etc.) provide documentation of more recent environmental conditions. 

Summary of Previous Investigations

In general, sites to be investigated under this data recovery plan were recorded by ITARP 

personnel during the Phase I survey of the proposed project area. When necessary, existing 

archaeological and historical property lists will be consulted and oral histories conducted to fully 

develop a site’s history and aid in locating possible features and an understanding of a site’s 

stratigraphy and distribution across the landscape. Phase I testing at the site will have revealed the 

presence of intact cultural material and the site’s potential to significantly contribute to the history of 

this area in order to warrant additional investigation.

Research Design

The data generated by excavations at the historic site(s) will be used to examine at least three 

broad topics: (1) settlement patterns and land distribution; (2) architecture; and (3) subsistence practices. 

Insights into changing patterns of community organization may also be gained, as may insights into 
Page 2

changes in social organization and subscription to mass-produced goods. The data recovered will then be 

compared with that from other regional sites.

1. Settlement Patterns and Land Distribution. The mitigation of historic sites requires the 

study of patterns of settlement by the pioneers who came to Illinois. The types of sites, their 

location, number and distribution, all provide important information on early settlement 

patterns and how they influenced later land development and settlement. In order to 

understand these settlement patterns, detailed artifact and archival information is required to 

determine the age, type, and function of specific sites. In addition, data indicating when 

specific features originated and any transformations in function through time is also needed. 

Inter- and intra-spatial orientation of structures and features must also be studied. 

2. Architecture. Building techniques and architectural forms can reflect ethnic identity, stylistic 

concerns, economic status, and the relative availability of local and imported construction 

materials. Intact structures dating from the era of earliest Euro-American settlement are 

comparatively scarce, as many buildings have been abandoned, dismantled, or otherwise 

destroyed and/or replaced by more recent construction. Early structures are generally poorly 

documented and specific details regarding their construction are not available. Intact 

subsurface remains provide information on dwelling size and shape and details of cellar and 

footing construction. The distribution of hardware, wood, glass, and other structural items 

within and around the foundation fill offers clues to the appearance of the superstructure. 

Exposure and detailed mapping of complete foundations is necessary to document the size, 

orientation, and shape of the dwelling. The construction materials employed need to be 

identified along with their likely places of origin. Measured plan views, profiles, and 

photographs of structural features will provide details on construction techniques. Horizontal 

and vertical provenience data on other structural remains will aid in the interpretation of 

aspects of the building superstructure.

3. Subsistence. Subsistence in early Euro-American farmsteads was based largely on foods 

produced directly for household consumption. With limited transportation systems and access 

to processed flour, wheat was an important crop. Water-powered gristmills were among the 

earliest important industries. Hogs were important sources of meat, cattle provided milk and 

butter, and chickens were commonly kept for eggs. Fruit trees and vegetable gardens were 

also important sources of food on many nineteenth century farms. In addition to these 

homegrown foods, wild plants and animals supplemented the diet. Deer, various small game 

mammals, fish, waterfowl, and wild turkey were common, along with wild nuts and fruits, 

which were seasonally available. Flotation samples taken from feature contexts should 

provide abundant evidence of subsistence. Identification of carbonized and uncarbonized 

plant remains will document the range of wild, domestic, and exotic plant species present. 

Wild, domesticated, and imported animal resources will be identified through the analysis of 

faunal remains recovered from flotation samples, as well as larger specimens recovered 

through standard excavation procedures.

Mitigation Plan

Investigations will be conducted in compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as 

amended, and will be carried out by ITARP archaeologists who meet the Secretary of the Interior’s 

professional qualifications standards (48-FR-447838-9). In designing and carrying out the work, 

ITARP staff will also take into account the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation’s publication on 

the “Treatment of Archeological Properties.”

Standard ITARP methods (as outlined in the ITARP Field Manual 2005) will be employed in all 

aspects of the data recovery. The investigation of previously identified historic Euro-American sites 

will generally parallel that outlined for the prehistoric resources, with the following exceptions. A 
Page 3

standard controlled surface collection grid (generally comprised of 10x10m collection units) will also 

be used, where possible, as the basis for a gridded metal detector survey to recover that class of 

artifacts. These individual grid cells will also form the parameters for subsequent machine-aided 

excavation units, which will be removed in an incremental fashion to increase the artifact sample from 

the site. Experience indicates that a significant percentage of the historic artifacts from a given site 

are located in the plow zone and this material, if collected systematically, can provide information 

about the location of activity loci that are generally not represented by subsurface features (i.e. 

barnyard activities). 

Given this type of systematic plow zone sampling approach, hand excavated units will be used more 

sparingly on 19th century historic period sites, because intact subsurface deposits are generally rare 

outside the limits of subterranean facilities. Thus, adequate artifact samples can typically be derived 

from surface collection, metal surveys, feature excavation, and systematically collected, standard 

sized machine excavation blocks. However, more rigorous plow zone and A-Horizon sampling, 

including dry or water screening and bulk flotation sample collection, will be undertaken on sites 

believed to be attributable to historic Indian, French, and very early British/American period 

components to amass adequate samples and recover micro-artifacts, such as glass beads.

Due to the large size of many historic cellars and the extremely deep nature of some water collection 

facilities, standard ITARP excavation protocols allow these features to be sampled as opposed to 

completely excavated. The cellars will be excavated in quarters (similar to prehistoric structures) so 

that both the long and short axis profiles can be mapped and documented. Deeper features, such as 

wells and cisterns, will typically only be sampled to a reasonable depth (ca. one to two meters) 

because their absolute limits often cannot be established through hand excavation given personal 

safety considerations. The overall depths of these features may be assessed through additional hand 

probing or machine trenching once the hand-excavated samples have been removed. Such sampling 

strategies, however, must obtain an adequate artifact assemblage and other forms of information to 

determine the feature’s temporal placement and construction techniques. In addition, historic posts 

will be mapped in plan view, but only a subset may be formally excavated depending upon the 

number encountered and their relationship to other site features. Any posts that are not excavated will 

be hand-probed to assess their overall depth.

While not expected, should historic mortuary sites or features be encountered, the remains will be 

mapped and removed in accordance with all procedures and guidelines associated with the Illinois 

Human Skeletal Remains Protection Act (HSRPA, 20 ILCS 3440, 17 IAC 4170) and detailed in the 

ITARP excavation manual (ITARP 2005). Disposition of the human remains and any burial artifacts 

will be accomplished under the provisions of the Act.

In the laboratory, all artifacts will be washed, cleaned, labeled, and sorted by ITARP personnel at 

the appropriate Survey Division office, following standard ITARP procedures (ITARP 2005). Botanical, 

zoological, and historical materials will then be analyzed by ITARP specialists at the University of Illinois 

or by qualified consultants. 

All archaeological reports resulting from the project will comply with contemporary standards, 

including the Secretary of the Interior’s “Standards for Final Reports of Data Recovery Programs” (42-FR5377-79). The ITARP will also insure that all final archeological reports are presented in a format 

acceptable to the Illinois State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), following Illinois SHPO guidelines on 

report preparation, and that all such reports are presented in a format acceptable to the National Park 

Service for possible peer review and submission to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). 

These reports will be submitted to the Illinois DOT and the IHPA in a timely manner after the completion 

of all field and laboratory investigations.

Curation

All artifactual materials, records, photographs, and other data associated with this project will be curated 

at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and managed by the ITARP in accordance with federal 

standards as outlined in 36 CFR, Part 79.
ATTACHMENT 10

ATTACHMENT 11
August 18, 2011

Matt Fuller

Environmental Programs Engineer

FHWA – Illinois Division

3250 Executive Park Drive

Springfield, IL 62703

Ref: Proposed Kellogg/Seminary Street Grade Separation Project over BNSF Railroad

Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Dear Mr. Fuller:

On August 8, 2011, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) received your notification and 

supporting documentation regarding the adverse effects of the referenced undertaking on a property or 

properties listed or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Based upon the 

information provided, we have concluded that Appendix A, Criteria for Council Involvement in Reviewing 

Individual Section 106 Cases, of our regulations, “Protection of Historic Properties” (36 CFR Part 800), 

does not apply to this undertaking. Accordingly, we do not believe that our participation in the consultation 

to resolve adverse effects is needed. However, if we receive a request for participation from the State 

Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, affected Indian tribe, a 

consulting party, or other party, we may reconsider this decision. Additionally, should circumstances 

change, and it is determined that our participation is needed to conclude the consultation process, please 

notify us.

Pursuant to 36 CFR §800.6(b)(1)(iv), you will need to file the final Memorandum of Agreement (MOA),

developed in consultation with the Illinois State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), and any other 

consulting parties, and related documentation with the ACHP at the conclusion of the consultation process. 

The filing of the MOA, and supporting documentation with the ACHP is required in order to complete the 

requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act.

Thank you for providing us with the notification of adverse effect. If you have any questions or require 

further assistance, please contact Ms. Najah Duvall-Gabriel at 202 606-8585 or at ngabriel@achp.gov.

Sincerely,

LaShavio Johnson

Historic Preservation Technician

Office of Federal Agency Programs



  
ATTACHMENT 12
December 2, 2011

Heidi Liske, P.E.

Transportation Engineer

Federal Highway Administration 

Illinois Division

3250 Executive Park Drive

Springfield, IL 62703

Ref: Filing of Executed Memorandum of Agreement regarding the Kellogg/Seminary 

Street Grade Separation in the City of Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

Dear Ms. Liske:

The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) has received the Memorandum of Agreement 

(MOA) for the above referenced project. In accordance with Section 800.6(b)(1)(iv) of the ACHP’s 

regulations, the ACHP acknowledges receipt of the MOA. The filing of the MOA, and execution of its

terms, completes the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the 

ACHP’s regulations. 

We appreciate your providing us with a copy of the MOA and will retain it for inclusion in our records 

regarding this project. Should you have any questions or require additional assistance, please contact me 

at (202) 606-8509 or by e-mail at ljohnson@achp.gov.

Sincerely,

LaShavio Johnson

Historic Preservation Technician

Office of Federal Agency Programs



  
ATTACHMENT 13
United States Department of the Interior

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

 Office of Environmental Policy and Compliance

 Custom House, Room 244

 200 Chestnut Street

 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106-2904

September 19, 2011

9043.1

ER 11/726

Mr. Norman Stoner

Division Administrator

Federal Highway Administration

3250 Executive Park Drive

Springfield, Illinois 62703

Dear Mr. Stoner:

The Department of the Interior (Department) has reviewed the Draft Section 4(f) Evaluation for 

the Kellogg Street/Seminary Street Grade Separation over the Burlington Northern Santa Fe 

Railroad (BNSF), Knox County, Galesburg, Illinois. The Department offers the following 

comments and recommendations for your consideration.

Section 4(f) Evaluation Comments

This document considers effects to identified properties in the project study area eligible to be 

considered under Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 (48 U.S.C. 

1653(f)) associated with the proposed construction of an overpass over the BNSF Chillicothe 

Subdivision along the Kellogg Street/Seminary Street alignment, Knox County, Illinois. The 

proposed project intends to improve public safety and emergency vehicle response in the City of 

Galesburg due to the heavy rail traffic on the BNSF Chillicothe Subdivision. The Chillicothe 

Subdivision carries over 25 percent of Galesburg’s railroad traffic and its traffic has increased 68 

percent since 2004 and 25 percent again since 2008. The BNSF forecasts that the traffic on this 

subdivision and the length of these trains is expected to increase. Roadways are often blocked as 

a result of the frequency and duration of the train movements. This creates a significant problem 

for medical emergency vehicles attempting to service areas opposite the railroad tracks from the 

hospital.

This evaluation, prepared by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) and Federal 

Highway Administration (FHWA), considered the impacts to cultural resource sites eligible for 

consideration as 4(f) resources. There are no individually eligible properties, but the Galesburg

Historic District is described as including “...most of the original town, a substantial portion of 

the Knox College campus, and a number of older residential neighborhoods, mainly north of 

North (Street).” Three overpass alternatives were explored; each action alternative would have

impacts to the historic district. Several structures within the historic district would be taken, 

IN REPLY REFER TO:
2

either directly by the project, or through acquisition of right-of-way or easements. Two 

avoidance alternatives were considered but dismissed since they did not result in improved 

access to the medical facilities. Alternatives for the rail lines themselves were considered but 

were deemed not feasible by the extremely high cost of relocation of the lines or depressing the 

lines through Galesburg. In addition, other non-transportation alternatives were considered but 

deemed not feasible. The Department would concur with the FHWA and the IDOT on a 

determination there are no feasible or prudent avoidance alternatives to the preferred action, if 

built as proposed, which would result in impacts to eligible properties.

Various mitigation measures have been proposed to offset some of the impacts to the historic 

district, including the use of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls, rather than conventional 

embankment. This reduces the project footprint, reduces the need for additional right-of-way, 

and lessens the need to remove additional structures within the historic district. The FHWA and 

IDOT have proposed a memorandum of agreement to detail the impacts and mitigation for the 

historic district and the State Historic Preservation Officer appears in agreement with use of that 

agreement to reach consensus on mitigation. However, the agreement is not yet fully negotiated 

nor signed. Therefore, the Department cannot concur with the measures to minimize harm to the 

property until the parties come to an agreement on the mitigation measures and an executed 

agreement appears in the final evaluation.

The Department has a continuing interest in working with the FHWA and the IDOT to ensure 

impacts to resources of concern to the Department are adequately addressed. For issues 

concerning Section 4(f) resources, please contact Regional Environmental Coordinator Nick 

Chevance, Midwest Regional Office, National Park Service, 601 Riverfront Drive, Omaha, 

Nebraska 68102, telephone 402-661-1844.

We appreciate the opportunity to provide these comments.

Sincerely,

Michael T. Chezik

Regional Environmental Officer

cc:

SHPO – IL (Anne Haaker)