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| Poisonous                     Plants
**Tracer Bullet 90-4**
- Scope
- Introductions to the Topic
- Subject Headings
- Basic Texts
- Titles Reflecting Different                             Geographical Areas 
- Specialized Titles 
- Handbooks
- Conference Proceedings
- Government Publications
- Abstracting and Indexing Services                             
- Journals 
- Representative Journal Articles
- Technical Reports
- Selected Technical Reports
- Selected Materials
- Additional Sources of Information
**SCOPE**
Sources useful in locating published materials on the more than                 700 species of plants, ferns, horsetails, and fungi that can cause                 toxic, though rarely fatal, reactions in humans and animals. A                 partial update of *Poisonous Plants and Animals* (TB 78-12),                 this guide is intended for those who wish to review published                 materials on poisonous plants in the collections of the Library                 of Congress. Not meant to be a comprehensive bibliography, this                 guide is designed--as the name of the series implies--to put the                 reader "on target."

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**INTRODUCTIONS TO THE TOPIC**
Arena, Jay. Plants that poison. Emergency medicine, v. 13, June               15, 1981: 25-29, 33-34, 36, 43-47, 50-53, 57.                 Pamphlet box <SciRR> and RC86.E45

Kingsbury, John Merriam. Knowledge of poisonous plants in the United               States--brief history and conclusions. Economic botany, v. 15, Apr./June               196l: 119-130.                 Pamphlet box <SciRR> and SB1.E3

Wagstaff, D. Jesse, Ann T. Wagstaff, and J. C. Goshorn. A poisonous               plant file in Toxline. Toxicon, v. 27, no. 2, 1989: 259-263.                  Pamphlet box <SciRR> and QP631.T6

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**SUBJECT HEADINGS**
Subject headings used by the Library of Congress, under which books               on poisonous plants can be located in most card, book, and online               catalogs, include the following:

**Highly Relevant**
POISONOUSPLANTS                 See also names of individual plants, e.g., POISON-IVY,              POISON OAK, METOPIUM TOXIFERA			  
**Relevant**
ALGAE--TOXICOLOGYHAY-FEVERPLANTSHOUSEPLANTS--TOXICOLOGYLIVESTOCKPOISONING PLANTSMUSHROOMS,POISONOUSPLANTTOXINSPLANTS,ORNAMENTAL--TOXICOLOGYTOXIGENICFUNGI
**Related**
CONTACTDERMATITIS
**More General**
TOXICOLOGICALEMERGENCIES
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**BASIC TEXTS**
 Ammirati, Joseph F., James A. Traquair, and Paul A. Horgen. Poisonous               mushrooms of the northern United States and Canada. Minneapolis,               University of Minnesota Press, c1985. 396 p.                  RA1242.M9A45 1985

Blackwell, Will H. Poisonous and medicinal plants. Englewood Cliffs,               N.J., Prentice Hall, c1990. 329 p.                 QK100.A1B57 1990 <SciRR>                 Chapter 5 written by Martha J. Powell.

Creekmore, Hubert. Daffodils are dangerous: the poisonous plants               in your garden. New York, Walker, 1966. 258 p.                  SB617.C74 <SciRR>

Kingsbury, John Merriam. Poisonous plants of the United States               and Canada. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, l964. 626 p.               			     Bibliography: p. 13-16 and p. 509-589.                 SB617.K5 <SciRR>

Lampe, Kenneth F., and Mary Ann McCann. AMA handbook of poisonous               and injurious plants. Chicago, American Medical Association, Distributed               by Chicago Review Press, c1985. 432 p.                  RA1250.L27 1985 <SciRR>                 Extensive bibliographies at ends of chapters.

Muenscher, Walter Conrad Leopold. Poisonous plants of the United               States. Rev. ed. New York, Macmillan, l951. 277 p.                  Bibliography: p. 246-260.			     QK100.U6M8 1951

Westbrooks, Randy G., and James W. Preacher. Poisonous plants of               eastern North America. Columbia, S.C., University of South Carolina               Press, c1986. 226 p.                  Bibliography: p. 213-221.			     QK100.U6W47 1986

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**TITLES REFLECTING DIFFERENT                   GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS**
 Campbell, George R. An illustrated guide to some poisonous plants               and animals of Florida. Englewood, Fla., Pineapple Press, c1983.               175 p. 			     Bibliography: p. 165-166.                 QK100.C28 1983

Evers, Robert August, and Roger P. Link. Poisonous plants of the               Midwest & their effects on livestock. Urbana, Distributed by               the University of Illinois Press, 1972. 165 p. (University of Illinois               at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture. Special publication,               24)                  Based on *Illinois plants poisonous to livestock*,               by L. R. Tehon, C. C. Morrill, and R. Graham.			     S537.I423 no. 24

Fuller, Thomas C., and Elizabeth May McClintock. Poisonous plants               of California. Berkeley, University of California Press, c1986.               433 p. (California natural history guides, 53)                  Bibliography: p. 387-389.			     QK100.U6F85 1986

Garrison, Gary L. Selected noxious and poisonous plants of concern               to New Mexico. Las Cruces, N.M., New Mexico Dept. of Agriculture,               1983. 58 p. (Special report, no. 2) Bibliography: p. 57-58.                  SB617.45.N6G37 1983

Heller, Christine A. Wild, edible, and poisonous plants of Alaska.               Rev. 1981. Anchorage, Cooperative Extension Service, University               of Alaska, 198l. 90 p. (Cooperative Extension Service, University               of Alaska. Publication, no. 28)                  QK98.5.U6H44 1981

Morton, Julia Frances. Plants poisonous to people in Florida and               other warm areas. 2nd ed. Miami, Fla., J. F. Morton, 1982. 170 p.                  Bibliography: p. 161-166.			     QK100.U6M67 1982

Schmutz, Ervin M., and Lucretia Breazeale Hamilton. Plants that               poison: an illustrated guide for the American Southwest. Flagstaff,               Ariz., Northland Press, 1979. 241 p.                  Bibliography: p. 223-225.			     QK100.U6S35

 Schultes, Richard Evans, and Robert F. Raffauf. The healing forest:               medicinal and toxic plants of the northwest Amazonia. Portland,               Ore., Dioscorides Press, cl990. 484 p. (Historical, ethno- &               economic botany series, v. 2)                  Bibliography: p. 475-476.			     QK99.A47S38 1990

Stephens, H. A. Poisonous plants of the central United States.               Lawrence, Regents Press of Kansas, c1980. 165 p.                  QK100.U6S73

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**SPECIALIZED TITLES**
 Arena, Jay M., and Richard H. Drew, eds. Poisoning: toxicology,               symptoms, treatments. 5th ed. Springfield, Ill., Thomas, c1986.               1128 p.                  RA1216.A69 1986 <SciRR> 

Brinker, Francis J., comp. An introduction to the toxicology of               common botanical medicinal substances. Portland, Ore., National               College of Naturopathic Medicine, c1983. 127 p.                  Bibliography: p. 125-127.			     RA1250.B75 1983 <SciRR>

Cheeke, Peter R., and Lee R. Shull. Natural toxicants in feeds               and poisonous plants. Westport, Conn., AVI Pub. Co., cl985. 492               p.                  SF757.5.C44 1985 

Dermatotoxicology. Edited by Francis N. Marzulli, Howard I. Maibach.               3rd ed. Washington, Hemisphere, c1987. 773 p.                  RL72.D468 1987 

Fisher, Alexander A. Contact dermatitis. 3rd ed. Philadelphia,               Lea & Febiger, 1986. 954 p.                  RC593.C6F57 1986 

Hardin, James W., and Jay M. Arena. Human poisoning from native               and cultivated plants. 2d ed. Durham, N.C., Duke University Press,               1974. 194 p.                  Bibliography: p. 173-178.			     QK100.N6H3 1974 <SciRR>

Karimi, Maitai. The arrow poisons. Nairobi, East African Literature               Bureau, 1973. 97 p.                  RA1270.A7K37 

Lewis, Walter Hepworth, Prathibha Vinay, and Vincent E. Zenger.               Airborne and allergenic pollen of North America. Baltimore, Johns               Hopkins University Press, c1983. 254 p.                 Bibliography: p. 243-247.			     QK658.L48 1983

Mitchell, John, and Arthur Rook. Botanical dermatology: plants               and plant products injurious to the skin. Vancouver, Greengrass,               1979. 787 p.                  RC593.C6M57 

Naturally occurring carcinogens of plant origin: toxicology, pathology,               and biochemistry. Edited by Iwao Hirono. Tokyo, Kodansha; Amsterdam,               New York, Elsevier; New York, Distributor for the U.S.A. and Canada,               Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1987. 234 p. (Bioactive molecules, v.               2)                  RC268.6.N39 1987 

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**HANDBOOKS**
 Frohne, Dietrich, and Hans Jurgen Pfander. A colour atlas of poisonous               plants: a handbook for pharmacists, doctors, toxicologists, and               biologists. Translated from the second German edition by Norman               Grainger Bisset. London, Wolfe Pub., 1984. 291 p.                  QK100.A1F7613 1984 <SciRR>                 Translation of Giftpflanzen: Ein handbuch fur               Apotheker, Arzte, Toxikologen, und Biologen, 2nd ed. 

Levy, Charles K., and Richard B. Primack. A field guide to poisonous               plants and mushrooms of North America. Brattleboro, Vt., S. Greene               Press; New York, Distributed in the U.S. by Dutton, c1984. 178 p.                                Bibliography: p. 169-172.			     QK100.N6L48 1984

Manual of toxicologic emergencies. Editors, Eric K. Noji, Gabor               D. Kelen. Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers, c1989. 850 p.                  RA1224.5.M36 1989 <SciRR>                  See particularly "Botanical toxicity":               p. 751-763. 

Plant and fungal toxins. Edited by Richard F. Keeler, Anthony T.               Tu. New York, M. Dekker, cl983. 934 p. (Handbook of natural toxins,               v. 1)                  QP632.M9P55 1983 <SciRR> 

Smith, Alexander Hanchett, and Nancy Smith Weber. The mushroom               hunter's field guide. All color & enl. Ann Arbor, University               of Michigan Press, c1980. 316 p.                  QK617.S56 1980 <SciRR>                 "Selected books on mushrooms and related               fungi": p. 309-310. 

Toxicants of plant origin. Editor, Peter R. Cheeke. Boca Raton,               Fla., CRC Press, cl989. 4 v.                  SF757.5.T69 1989 <SciRR>                 Contents: v. 1. Alkaloids--v. 2. Glycosides--v.               3. Proteins and amino acids--v. 4. Phenolics. 

Tull, Delena. A practical guide to edible & useful plants:               including recipes, harmful plants, natural dyes & textile fibers.               Austin, Texas Monthly Press, c1987. 518 p.                  Bibliography: p. 405-417.			     QK98.5.U6T85 1987

Woodward, Lucia. Poisonous plants: a colour field guide. Newton               Abbot, Eng., David & Charles, c1985. 192 p.                  QK100.A1W66 1985 

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**CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS**
Current topics in contact dermatitis. P. J. Frosch and others,               editors. Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag, c1989. 613 p.                  RC593.C6C88 1989                 Papers presented at a symposium sponsored by the               European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group, held               in Heidelberg, Germany, in May 1988. 

The Ecology and economic impact of poisonous plants on livestock               production. Edited by Lynn F. James, Michael H. Ralphs, and Darwin               B. Nielsen. Boulder, Westview Press, 1988. 428 p.                  SB617.E26 1988                 "Based upon information given in a day-long               symposium held at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Society for Range               Management at Boise, Idaho, February 8-13, 1987." 

International Conference on Toxic Algae (1980: Wright State University).               The water environment: algal toxins and health. Edited by Wayne               W. Carmichael. New York, Plenum Press, c1981. 491 p. (Environmental               science research, v. 20)                  RA1242.A36W37                 "Proceedings of an International Conference               on Toxic Algae, held June 29-July 2, 1980, at Wright State University,               Dayton, Ohio."                 "Directory to toxic blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)               literature, compiled by Wayne W. Carmichael and Peter E. Bent:"               p. 465-479. 

International Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins (6th: 1985:               Pretoria, South Africa). Mycotoxins and phycotoxins: a collection               of invited papers presented at the sixth International IUPAC Symposium               on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa,               22-25 July 1985. Edited by P. S. Steyn and R. Vleggaar. Amsterdam,               New York, Elsevier; New York, Distributors for the United States               and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1986.              545 p. (Bioactive molecules, v. 1)                  QP632.M9I58 1986                 "The plenary lectures which were presented               at the Symposium will be published during January 1986 in *Pure               and applied chemistry*, the official journal of the IUPAC."             

Joint United States-Australian Symposium on Poisonous Plants (1977:               Utah State University). Effects of poisonous plants on livestock.               Edited by Richard F. Keeler, Kent R. Van Kampen, Lynn F. James.               New York, Academic Press, 1978. 600 p.                  SF757.5.J64 1977                 Proceedings of a symposium held at Utah State               University, Logan, June 19-24, 1977, which was held under the auspices               of the United States-Australian Agreement for Scientific and Technical               Cooperation for Joint Meetings. 

Symposium on Toxic Plants (1977: University of Miami). Toxic plants:               proceedings of the 18th annual meeting of the Society for Economic               Botany, Symposium on Toxic Plants, June 11-15, 1977, the University               of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida. A. Douglas Kinghorn, editor. New               York, Columbia University Press, 1979. 195 p.                  RA1250.S98 1977                 Contents: l. The problems of poisonous plants.--2.               Toxic mushrooms.--3. Toxins and teratogens of the Solanaceae and               Liliaceae.--4. Pokeweed and other lymphocyte mitogens.--5. Literature               review and clinical management of household ornamental plants potentially               toxic to humans.--6. Cocarcinogenic irritant Euphorbiaceae.--7.               The poisonous Anacardiaceae.--8. Contact hyper-sensitivity and photodermatitis               evoked by Compositae. 

World Congress on Animal, Plant, and Microbial Toxins (9th: 1988:               Stillwater, Okla.). Natural toxins: characterization, pharmacology,               and therapeutics. Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Animal,               Plant, and Microbial Toxins, Stillwater, Oklahoma, August 1988.               Edited by Charlotte L. Ownby and George V. Odell. Oxford, Eng.,               New York, Pergamon Press, 1989. 211 p.                  QP631.W67 1988                 Sponsored by the International Society on Toxinology.             

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**GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS**
Cooper, Marion R., and Anthony W. Johnson. Poisonous plants in               Britain and their effects on animals and man. London, H.M.S.O.,               1984. 305 p. (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. Reference               book, 161)                  Bibliography: p. 249-295.			     RA1250.C66 1984

Crooks, Donald Mundell, and Dayton L. Klingman. Poison-ivy, poison-oak,               and poison sumac: identification, precautions, eradication. Rev.               Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1971. 15 p. (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.               Farmers' bulletin, no. 1972)                  Pamphlet box <SciRR> 

Lampe, Kenneth F. Common poisonous and injurious plants. Rockville,               Md., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,               Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of Drugs, Division of Poison               Control; Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981? 29 p. (HHS publication,               no. (FDA) 81-7006)                  Pamphlet box <SciRR> and QK100.U6L255 

Youngken, Heber Wilkinson, and Joseph S. Karas. Typical poisonous               plants. Washington, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare,               Bureau of Product Safety, 1973. 23 p.                  Pamphlet box <SciRR> and QK100.U6Y63                 "... originally published as a joint project               between the Rhode Island Health Department and the U.S. Public Health               Service, Division of Accident Prevention 

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**ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING SERVICES**
 Abstracting and Indexing Services that index relevant journal               articles and other literature are listed below. Suggested terms               are given as aids in searching. Consult a reference librarian for               location of these items in the Science Reading Room

*Applied Science & Technology Index*(1913- )                 Z7913.I7 <SciRR>                 See: Poison Ivy                 Poisons 

*Biological of Agricultural* (1942- )                 Z5073.U572 <SciRR>                  See: Poison Oak--Toxicology                 Poisoning                 Poison-Ivy-Control                 Poison-Ivy-Toxicology                 Poisonous Fungi                 Poisonous Plants--Control                 Poisonous Plants--Toxicology                 Poisonous Weeds 

*Biological Abstracts* (1926- )                 QH301.B37 <SciRR>                 See: Mushroom (s)                  Poison (s)                 Poisoning                 Poisonous                 Names of individual plants 

*Biological & Agricultural Index* (1916- )                 Z5073.A46 <SciRR>                 See: Forage Poisoning                  Poisonous Plants                 Names of individual plants 

*Index Medicus* (1960- )                 Z6660.I422 <SciRR>                 See: Plants, Toxic                  Mushroom Poisoning                 Mycotoxins 

*Magazine Index* (1980- )                 Available in several formats in LC                  See: Poisonous Plants                  Mushrooms, Poisonous                  Names of individual plants 

*Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature* (1900- )                 AI3.R45 SSRR                 See: Mushrooms, Poisonous                 Poison Ivy                 Poisonous Plants

*Toxicology Abstracts* (1978- )                  RA1190.T695 <SciRR>                  See: Plants under Section on Toxins and Other               Natural Substances 

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**JOURNALS**
 Journals in a wide variety of fields may contain articles on poisonous               plants. The following titles represent only a small sample.
*Arnoldia*QK479.A7*Emergency Medicine*RC86.E45*Horticulture*SB1.H86*Journal of Natural Products*QH1.L94*Journal of Range Management* SF85.S67*Journal of Toxicology--Clinical Toxicology*RA1190.C56*Journal of Toxicology and Environmental                     Health*RA1190.J67*Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology*RA1190.S627*Toxicon*QP631.T6*Veterinary and Human Toxicology*SF757.5.V48
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**REPRESENTATIVE JOURNAL ARTICLES**
 Castorena, Joe L., and others. A fatal poisoning from *Nicotiana               glauca*. Journal of toxicology--clinical toxicology, v. 25,               no. 5, 1987: 429-435.                  RA1190.C56 

Der Marderosian, Ara H., Fredrick B. Giller, and Frank C. Roia,               Jr. Phytochemical and toxicological screening of household ornamental               plants potentially toxic to humans. Journal of toxicology and environmental               health, v. 1, July 1976: 939-953.                  RA1190.J67 

Fenwick, G. R. Bracken (*Pteridium aquilinum*)--toxic effects               and toxic constituents. Journal of the science of food and agriculture,               v. 46, no. 2, 1989: 147-173.                  TX341.J6 

Fochtman, Frederick W., and others. Toxicity of the genus *Dieffenbachia*.               Toxicology and applied pharmacology, v. 15, July 1969: 38-45.                  RA1190.S627 

Gillis, William T. Poison-ivy and its kin. Arnoldia, v. 35, Mar./Apr.               1975: 93-123.                  QK479.A7 

Hartman, Guy. A pediatrician's advice to parents on poisonous plants.               Horticulture, v. 55, Aug. 1977: 20-25.                  SB1.H86 

Lane, Meredith A., and others. Forensic botany: plants, perpetrators,               pests, poisons, and pot. BioScience, v. 40, Jan. 1990: 34-39.                  QH1.A227 

Litten, Walter. The most poisonous mushrooms. Scientific American,               v. 232, Mar. 1975: 90-101, 132.                  T1.S5 

Pfister, James A., Michael H. Ralphs, and Gary D. Manners. Cattle               grazing tall larkspur on Utah mountain rangeland. Journal of range               management, v. 41, Mar. 1988: 118-122.                 SF85.J67 

Sharma, Om P., Harinder Paul S. Makkar, and Rajinder K. Dawra.               A review of the noxious plant *Lantana camara*. Toxicon,               v. 26, no. 11, 1988: 975-987.                  QP631.T6 

Vietmeyer, Noel. Science has got its hands on poison ivy, oak and               sumac; researchers have developed a skin test for sensitivity to               these weeds, and foresee a vaccine that takes the itch out of them.               Smithsonian, v. 16, Aug. 1985: 88-90, 92, 94-95, 137.                  AS30.S6 

Wagstaff, D. Jesse, Merl Raisbeck, and Ann T. Wagstaff. Poisonous               Plant Information System (PPIS). Veterinary and human toxicology,               v. 31, June 1989: 237-238.                  SF757.V48 

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**TECHNICAL REPORTS**
Technical Reports and other types of literature are indexed in               the following guides:

*Government Reports Announcements & Index* (1946- )                                Z7916.G78 <SciRR>                               See: Mushrooms                 Poison Ivy                 Poison Oak                  Poisonous Plants 

*Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications*               (1895- )                  Z1223.A18 <SciRR>                                See: Poison-Ivy                 Poison-Oak                 Poison-Sumac 

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**SELECTED TECHNICAL REPORTS**
Epstein, William L. Clinical investigation of hyposensitization               in poison oak sensitive individuals. Prepared for Food and Drug               Administration. San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco               Medical Center, Feb. 1972. 101 p.                  PB225 760 <MicRR>                 The purpose of this contract was to determine               whether individuals in California who were sensitive to poison oak               could be desensitized by use of the purified active principle of               poison oak, urushiol. 

James, L. F., and others. Plants poisonous to livestock in western               states. Beltsville, Md., U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural               Research Service, May 1985. 90 p.                  PB85-249282 <MicRR>                 Poisonous plants are a major cause of economic               loss to the livestock industry. Each year these plants adversely               affect 3-5 percent of the cattle, sheep, and horses that graze the               western range. 

Wagstaff, D. Jesse. Poisonous plant keyterms. Prepared for the               National Library of Medicine. Washington, U.S. Food and Drug Administration,               Nov. 1987. 254 p.                 PB88-208210 <MicRR>                 This document is a description of the keyterms               used in the poisonous plant file of TOXLINE. Seven types of keyterms               are used including geographic location, plant species, plant part,               animal species affected, and disease produced. 

Waller, Coy W., and others. Toxicology of poison oak (*Rhus               toxicodendron*) and poison ivy (*Rhus radicans*) extracts               in the rat. Prepared for Food and Drug Administration. University,               Miss., University of Mississippi, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical               Sciences, June 1974. 167 p.                  PB239 665 <MicRR>                 The objective of this study was to determine the               toxicity of extracts of poison ivy, poison oak, and a polyethylene               glycol vehicle (Carbowax R) when given orally to rats. 

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**SELECTED MATERIALS**
Selected materials available in the Science Reading Room pamphlet               boxes include the following: 
American Association of Poison Control Centers. National Data Collection               System. Annual report. 1988. [By] Toby L. Litovitz, Barbara F. Schmitz,               Karen C. Holm. [s.l., 1989?] 495-545 p.                 Reprinted from *American journal of emergency               medicine*, v. 7, Sept. 1989. 

Arnold, Robert E., and Laer Pearce. Burgeoning cult of wild food               nourishes fatal misconceptions. Smithsonian, v. 5, May 1977: 48-55.
 Bleything, Dennis, and Ron Dawson. Poisonous plants in the wilderness.               Enterprise, Ore., Life Support Technology, c1971. 64 p.

 Brooks, Patricia. Pretty poison. Family health, v. 9, July 1977:               29, 32.

 Cronin, E. H. Tall larkspur: some reasons for its continuing preeminence               as a poisonous plant. Journal of range management, v. 24, July 1971:               258-263.

 De Wolf, Gordon P. Guide to potentially dangerous plants. Arnoldia,               v. 34, Mar./Apr. 1974: 45-94.

 Early spring plants may poison livestock. Countryside, v. 68,               Mar. 1984: 24-25.

 Epstein, William L. Topical prevention of poison ivy/oak dermatitis.               Archives of dermatology, v. 125, Apr. 1989: 499-501.

 Glander, Kenneth E. Poison in a monkey's Garden of Eden. Natural               history, v. 86, Mar. 1977: 35-41, 96.

 Hanrahan, John P., and Morris A. Gordon. Mushroom poisoning: case               reports and a review of therapy. JAMA, v. 251, Feb. 24, 1984: 1057-1061.

 Skulberg, Olav M., Geoffrey A. Codd, and Wayne W. Carmichael.               Toxic blue-green algal blooms in Europe: a growing problem. Ambio,               v. 13, no. 4, 1984: 244-245.

 Wagstaff, D. Jesse, and Arthur A. Case. Human poisoning by zigadenus.               Journal of toxicology--clinical toxicology, v. 25, no. 4, 1987:               361-367. 

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**ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION**
**American Association of Poison Control Centers**                c/o Dr. Ted Tong                Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center                Health Sciences Center, Room 3204K                1501 North Campbell                Tucson, Arizona 85725                Telephone: (602) 626-7899

**International Biotoxicological Center (IBC)**                World Life Research Institute                23000 Grand Terrace Road                Colton, California 92324                Telephone: (714) 825-4773

**Poisonous Plants Research Laboratory**                Agricultural Research Service, USDA                1150 East 14th North                Logan, Utah 84321                Telephone: (801) 752-2941

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