Biological and Wetland 

Resources Technical 

Memorandum

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail 

Corridor Service Program

May 2021
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

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Contents

1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Study Approach......................................................................................................................1-1

2 Program Location and Description ..............................................................................................2-1

2.1 Program Location...................................................................................................................2-1

2.2 Program Description...............................................................................................................2-1

2.2.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)......................................................2-1

2.2.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ..............................................................2-2

2.2.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).......................2-2

2.3 Construction ...........................................................................................................................2-3

2.3.1 Western Section........................................................................................................2-3

2.3.2 Eastern Section.........................................................................................................2-3

2.4 Operation................................................................................................................................2-4

3 Regulatory Framework ..................................................................................................................3-1

3.1 Federal ...................................................................................................................................3-1

3.1.1 Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act......................................................................3-1

3.1.2 Clean Water Act ........................................................................................................3-1

3.1.3 Endangered Species Act...........................................................................................3-2

3.1.4 Executive Order 13112, Invasive Species ................................................................3-3

3.1.5 Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands .......................................................3-4

3.1.6 Executive Order 13186, Protection on Migratory Bird Populations...........................3-4

3.1.7 Federal Railroad Administration................................................................................3-4

3.1.8 Migratory Bird Treaty Act ..........................................................................................3-4

3.2 State .......................................................................................................................................3-5

3.2.1 California Endangered Species Act ..........................................................................3-5

3.2.2 California Fish and Game Code................................................................................3-5

3.2.3 California Native Plant Protection Act .......................................................................3-6

3.2.4 Natural Communities Conservation Planning Act.....................................................3-6

3.2.5 Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act ................................................................3-6

3.3 Regional .................................................................................................................................3-7

3.3.1 Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan .................................3-7

3.3.2 Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan..................3-7

3.4 Local.......................................................................................................................................3-8

3.4.1 Los Angeles County General Plan............................................................................3-8
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3.4.2 Orange County General Plan....................................................................................3-9

3.4.3 Riverside County General Plan...............................................................................3-10

3.4.4 San Bernardino County General Plan.....................................................................3-10

3.5 Regulatory Compliance........................................................................................................3-11

4 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Data Sources..........................................................................................................................4-2

4.2 Definitions...............................................................................................................................4-3

4.2.1 Special-Status Species .............................................................................................4-3

4.2.2 Potential to Occur......................................................................................................4-4

4.3 Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area.......................................................................................4-5

5 Existing Conditions........................................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Vegetation Communities ........................................................................................................5-2

5.1.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)......................................................5-2

5.1.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ..............................................................5-5

5.1.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).......................5-5

5.2 Sensitive Natural Communities ............................................................................................5-27

5.2.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)....................................................5-27

5.2.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus) ............................................................5-28

5.2.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track).....................5-28

5.3 Special-Status Species (All Build Alternative Options) ........................................................5-32

5.3.1 Federally and State-Listed Plants and Wildlife .......................................................5-32

5.3.2 Non-Listed Special-Status Plants and Wildlife........................................................5-32

5.4 Wildlife Movement Corridors (All Build Alternative Options)..............................................5-102

5.5 Waters of the United States (All Build Alternative Options) ...............................................5-105

5.5.1 Watersheds ...........................................................................................................5-105

5.5.2 Named Rivers, Streams, Creeks, Washes, Canals, and Lakes ...........................5-109

5.5.3 Wetlands ...............................................................................................................5-110

6 Environmental Consequences......................................................................................................6-1

6.1 No Build Alternative................................................................................................................6-1

6.2 Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3......................................................................................6-1

6.2.1 Western Section........................................................................................................6-1

6.2.2 Eastern Section.........................................................................................................6-2
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7 Tier 2 Environmental Review Considerations.............................................................................7-1

8 References ......................................................................................................................................8-1

Tables

Table 5-1. Summary of Vegetation Communities (Build Alternative Option 1)..........................................5-3

Table 5-2. Summary of Vegetation Communities (Build Alternative Options 2 and 3)..............................5-7

Table 5-3. Sensitive Natural Communities with Potential to Occur within the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area.....................................................................................................................5-29

Table 5-4. Federally and State-Listed Plant Species with Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative Options)...................................................5-33

Table 5-5. Federally and State-Listed Wildlife Species with Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative Options)...................................................5-43

Table 5-6. Non-Listed Special-Status Plant Species with Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative Options)...................................................5-55

Table 5-7. Non-Listed Special-Status Wildlife Species with Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative Options)...................................................5-83

Table 5-8. Special-Status Plants and Wildlife with Potential to Occur in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative Options) ....................................................................5-95

Table 5-9. Subbasins and Watersheds in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build 

Alternative Options)...................................................................................................................5-106

Table 5-10. Named Rivers, Streams, Creeks, Washes, Canals, and Lakes within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative Options).................................................5-109

Table 5-11. Potential Wetlands Areas within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build 

Alternative Options)...................................................................................................................5-111

Table 5-12. Summary of Wetland Types (Build Alternative Option 1)...................................................5-112

Table 5-13. Summary of Wetland Types (Build Alternative Options 2 and 3) .......................................5-113

Table 6-1. Number of Special-Status Wildlife Species with Potential to Occur within the Eastern 

Section (All Build Alternative Options) ..........................................................................................6-5
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Figures

Figure 2-1. Western Section of the Program Corridor (Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3)..................2-5

Figure 2-2. Eastern Section of the Program Corridor (Build Alternative Option 1)....................................2-7

Figure 2-3. Eastern Section of the Program Corridor (Build Alternative Options 2 and 3)........................2-9

Figure 5-1. Vegetation Communities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area ...............................5-9

Figure 5-2. Sensitive Habitats within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative 

Options).....................................................................................................................................5-103

Figure 5-3. Subbasins and Watersheds within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area ......................5-107

Figure 5-4. National Wetland Inventory-Mapped Wetlands within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR 

Study Area ................................................................................................................................5-115

Appendices

Appendix A. Information for Planning and Consultation Resource List

Appendix B. California Natural Diversity Database Query

Appendix C. Vegetation Communities Maps

Appendix D. National Wetland Inventory Maps
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Abbreviations/Acronyms

BGEPA Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940

Caltrans California Department of Transportation 

CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife

CEQA California Environmental Quality Act

CESA California Endangered Species Act

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database

CNPS California Native Plant Society

CRPR California Rare Plant Rank

corridor Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor

CWA Clean Water Act of 1972

EIR environmental impact report

EIS environmental impact statement

FESA Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973

FRA Federal Railroad Administration

GIS geographic information system

HUC Hydrologic Unit Code

IPaC Information for Planning and Consultation

LAUS Los Angeles Union Station

MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918

MSHCP Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NWI National Wetland Inventory

Program Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Program

RCTC Riverside County Transportation Commission

ROW right-of-way

SDP Service Development Plan
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U.S. United States

USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

USC United States Code

USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

USGS U.S. Geological Survey
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1 Introduction

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) 

Division of Rail and Mass Transportation, and Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC) 

are proposing the Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program (Program) to 

establish daily intercity passenger rail service between Los Angeles Union Station (LAUS) in Los 

Angeles County, California and the City of Coachella in Riverside County, California. This biological 

and wetland resources technical memorandum evaluates biological resources along the 144-mile 

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor (Program Corridor) in support of a programmatic 

Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)/Environmental Impact Report (EIR). The evaluation of 

potential biological and wetland effects resulting from the Program includes:

• Plant and wildlife species with special designation by federal, state, or local government 

agency; vegetation communities that provide habitat for these species; and wildlife 

movement corridors

• Waters of the United States (U.S.) and wetland resources, including perennial streams, 

lakes, ponds, intermittent streams, ephemeral waters, and wetlands

1.1 Study Approach

This evaluation was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act 

(NEPA) and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and will be incorporated into the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation.

FRA, Caltrans, and RCTC are using a tiered NEPA/CEQA process (e.g., Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) to 

complete the environmental review of the Program, under 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 

1508.28 (titled “Tiering”), CEQA Guidelines Section 15168 (titled “Program EIR”), and 

Section 15170 (titled “Joint EIS/EIR”). “Tiering” is a staged environmental review process often 

applied to environmental review for complex transportation projects.
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The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR, along with the concurrent preparation of the Service Development Plan 

(SDP), are the first steps in the tiered environmental review process. Based on the decisions made 

in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR and SDP, future site-specific proposals of infrastructure improvements 

will be evaluated through one or more Tier 2/Project-level environmental clearance processes. A 

description of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR, SDP, and Tier 2/Project-level analysis processes are 

further discussed below:

• Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR: The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR evaluates potential environmental 

impacts of the No Build Alternative and three Build Alternative Options broadly within the 

Program Corridor. The Program Corridor provides a flexible regional context for the best 

location of an enhanced passenger rail system while providing opportunities for the Build 

Alternative Options to account for engineering and environmental constraints. The Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation addresses broad questions and likely environmental effects 

within the Tier 1/Program Study Area for specific environmental resources. The resourcespecific study areas generally represent the potential area where rail infrastructure 

improvements and station facilities could be implemented and constructed but does not 

represent the precise location or footprint of the improvement or facility.

• SDP: The SDP defines the Program’s service mode, estimated ridership to include demand 

and revenue forecasts, operational strategy, station and access analysis, operating and 

maintenance costs, required infrastructure improvements and capital programming, and 

public benefits analysis necessary to implement the proposed intercity passenger rail 

service. As part of the SDP process, the site-specific infrastructure improvement 

requirements are being identified, including the number of stations and the general 

areas/communities in which stations might be located. The SDP infrastructure analysis is 

being informed by rail operations simulation modeling and would occur parallel to the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation process. 

• Tier 2 Project-Level Analysis: Based on the environmental evaluation conducted in the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR and the site-specific infrastructure improvements identified in the SDP, a 

Tier 2/Project-level analysis would be required. The Tier 2/Project-level analysis would be a 

separate environmental review potentially led and funded by an agency other than FRA. In 

addition, the Tier 2/Project-level analysis process would not automatically follow the Tier 1 

process, rather the potential Tier 2 Projects would need to be defined based on the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR’s broad scope and funding. The Tier 2/Project-level analysis would 

closely align with the future preliminary engineering process and would analyze site-specific 

direct and indirect Project-level effects, in addition to any required permits, consultations, or 

approvals needed for construction.
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2 Program Location and Description 

2.1 Program Location

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR analyzes the No Build Alternative and three Build Alternative Options in 

two geographic sections—a Western Section and an Eastern Section—occurring within existing 

railroad rights-of-way (ROW), as shown on Figure 2-1 through Figure 2-3. The Program Corridor 

runs west-to-east, extending up to 144 linear miles from a western terminus at LAUS to an eastern 

terminus in either the City of Indio or City of Coachella (depending on the Build Alternative Option). 

From west to east, the cities traversed by the Build Alternative Options include Los Angeles, Vernon, 

Bell, Commerce, Montebello, Pico Rivera, Santa Fe Springs, Norwalk, La Mirada, Buena Park, 

Fullerton, Anaheim, Placentia, Yorba Linda, Chino Hills, Corona, Riverside, Grand Terrace, Colton, 

San Bernardino, Loma Linda, Redlands, Calimesa, Beaumont, Banning, Cabazon, Palm Springs, 

Cathedral City, Thousand Palms, Rancho Mirage, Palm Desert, Indio (under all Build Alternative 

Options), and/or Coachella (under Build Alternative Option 1 only). The boundary between Western 

and Eastern Sections is in the City of Colton, at the intersection of existing railroad lines owned by 

Union Pacific Railroad and BNSF. 

2.2 Program Description

2.2.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

Build Alternative Option 1 includes a total Program Corridor distance of 144 miles and consists of a 

Western Section, terminating at LAUS, and an Eastern Section, terminating in the City of Coachella. 

Western Section. Under Build Alternative Option 1, existing rail infrastructure would be used in the 

Western Section of the Program Corridor, and no additional railroad infrastructure improvements 

would be required. LAUS would serve as the western terminus, while existing stations in the Cities of 

Fullerton and Riverside would be utilized to support the proposed passenger rail service. No new 

stations or improvements to existing stations would be required to accommodate the proposed 

service within the Western Section of the Program Corridor.

Eastern Section. Under Build Alternative Option 1, potential new infrastructure improvements on the 

Eastern Section of the Program Corridor could include sidings, additional main line track, wayside 

signals, drainage, grade separation structures, and up to five new stations constructed in the 

following areas: 1) Loma Linda/Redlands Area (serving the Cities of Loma Linda and Redlands), 
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2) the Pass Area (serving the communities of Beaumont, Banning, and Cabazon), 3) the Mid-Valley 

(serving the communities of Cathedral City, Thousand Palms, the Agua Caliente Casino area, 

Rancho Mirage, and Palm Desert), 4) the City of Indio, and 5) the City of Coachella as the eastern 

terminus of the Program Corridor.

2.2.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Build Alternative Option 2 includes a total Program Corridor distance of 140.25 miles and consists of 

a Western Section, terminating at LAUS, and an Eastern Section, terminating at the City of Indio.

Western Section. The Western Section under Build Alternative Option 2 would be the same as that 

described above under Build Alternative Option 1.

Eastern Section. Under Build Alternative Option 2, potential new infrastructure improvements on the 

Eastern Section of the Program Corridor could include sidings, additional main line track, wayside 

signals, drainage, grade separation structures, and up to four new potential stations could be

constructed in the following areas: 1) Loma Linda/Redlands Area (serving the Cities of Loma Linda 

and Redlands), 2) the Pass Area (serving the communities of Beaumont, Banning, and Cabazon), 

3) the Mid-Valley (serving the communities of Cathedral City, Thousand Palms, the Agua Caliente 

Casino area, Rancho Mirage, and Palm Desert), and 4) the City of Indio as the eastern terminus of 

the Program Corridor.

2.2.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

Build Alternative Option 3 includes a total Program Corridor distance of 140.25 miles and consists of 

a Western Section, terminating at LAUS, and an Eastern Section, terminating at the City of Indio.

Western Section. The Western Section under Build Alternative Option 3 would be the same as that 

described above under Build Alternative Options 1 and 2.

Eastern Section. The Eastern Section under Build Alternative Option 3 would be the same as that 

described above under Build Alternative Option 2, except for the following changes:

As part of Build Alternative Option 3, additional infrastructure improvements for the Eastern Section 

of the Program Corridor have been considered. These potential infrastructure improvements include 

the addition of station tracks and a third main line track. The addition of station tracks would be the 

same as described under Build Alternative Options 1 and 2; however, the addition of the third main 

track would be limited under Build Alternative Option 3 when compared with Build Alternative 

Options 1 and 2. The limited third track under Build Alternative Option 3 would augment the existing 
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two main tracks along the Eastern Section of the Program Corridor to the proposed Mid-Valley 

Station Area.

2.3 Construction

2.3.1 Western Section

In the Western Section, existing rail infrastructure would be used to accommodate the proposed 

service, and no additional track improvements would be required to accommodate the proposed 

service under all Build Alternative Options. LAUS would serve as the western terminus, and existing 

stations in the Cities of Fullerton and Riverside would be used, as depicted on Figure 2-1. No new 

stations or additions to existing stations would be required to accommodate the proposed service 

under all Build Alternative Options. The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area for potential 

construction-related impacts on biological resources within the Western Section is up to 600 feet 

from either side of the existing railroad centerline.

2.3.2 Eastern Section

In the Eastern Section, proposed new infrastructure improvements under all Build Alternative 

Options could include sidings, additional main line track, wayside signals, drainage, 

grade-separation structures, and stations to accommodate the proposed service. The Eastern 

Section would use the existing station in the City of Palm Springs, which is the only existing station 

in the Eastern Section. Additionally, as depicted on Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3, up to five new 

potential stations could be constructed in the following areas: 1) Loma Linda/Redlands Area (serving 

the Cities of Loma Linda and Redlands), 2) the Pass Area (serving the communities of Beaumont, 

Banning, and Cabazon), 3) the Mid-Valley (serving the communities of Cathedral City, Thousand 

Palms, the Agua Caliente Casino area, Rancho Mirage, and Palm Desert), 4) the City of Indio (under 

all Build Alternative Options), and/or 5) the City of Coachella (under Build Alternative Option 1 only).

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area for potential construction-related impacts on biological 

resources within the Eastern Section is up to 1,000 feet from either side of the centerline, plus a 

500-foot buffer for the assessment of indirect impacts, for a total Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

of 1,500 feet from either side of the centerline at each of the individual station location areas. The 

remaining portion of the Eastern Section Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area encompasses up to 

300 feet from the railroad centerline to include non-station-related infrastructure improvements, plus 

a 500-foot buffer for the assessment of indirect impacts, for a total Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study 

Area of 800 feet from the railroad centerline.
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2.4 Operation

Passenger train frequencies proposed as part of the Program would consist of the addition of two 

daily round-trip intercity diesel-powered passenger trains operating the entire length of the Program 

Corridor between Los Angeles and Indio and/or Coachella, with one morning departure and one 

afternoon departure from each end of the Program Corridor.
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Figure 2-1. Western Section of the Program Corridor (Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3)
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Figure 2-2. Eastern Section of the Program Corridor (Build Alternative Option 1)
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Figure 2-3. Eastern Section of the Program Corridor (Build Alternative Options 2 and 3)
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3 Regulatory Framework

In accordance with NEPA (42 USC Section 4321 et seq.), CEQ regulations implementing NEPA 

(40 CFR Parts 1501 1508), FRA’s Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts (64 FR 

28545, May 26, 1999) and CEQA, FRA identified biological resources within the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area and evaluated the potential impacts on those resources as a result of 

implementing the Build Alternative Options. Biological and wetland resources are subject to

regulation by multiple federal and state agencies, as well as various legislative and regulatory

programs. Federal and state agencies’ applicable legislation and regulations are presented below.

Each of these regulations will be considered, consistent with a Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR, in the 

evaluation of biological and wetland resources for the Program.

3.1 Federal

3.1.1 Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act

The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940 (BGEPA), and as amended (16 United States

Code [USC] Section 668- 668d), prohibits anyone without a permit issued by U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service (USFWS) from “taking” bald or golden eagles, including their parts, nests, or eggs. The 

BGEPA defines “take” as “pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, kill, capture, trap, collect, molest 

or disturb.” For purposes of these guidelines, “disturb” means “to agitate or bother a bald or golden 

eagle to a degree that causes, or is likely to cause, based on the best scientific information 

available, (1) injury to an eagle, (2) a decrease in its productivity, by substantially interfering with 

normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering behavior, or (3) nest abandonment, by substantially 

interfering with normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering behavior.”

3.1.2 Clean Water Act

The Clean Water Act of 1972 (as amended) (CWA) serves as the primary federal law protecting the 

quality of the nation’s surface waters, including wetlands. The CWA (33 USC Section 1251 et seq.) 

defines waters of the U.S., also referred to as jurisdictional waters, as follows:

• All waters that are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in 

interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters that are subject to the ebb and flow of 

the tide

• All interstate waters, including interstate wetlands
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• All other waters, such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), 

mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or 

natural ponds, the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or foreign 

commerce

• All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the U.S.

• Tributaries to the foregoing types of waters

• Wetlands adjacent to the foregoing waters (33 CFR Part 328.3 – the term “adjacent” means 

bordering, contiguous, or neighboring)

The applicable sections of the CWA are further discussed below.

• Section 303 identifies and sets pollutant standards (total maximum daily load) for impaired 

water bodies. Total maximum daily loads are the maximum amount of a pollutant that can be 

present in the waterbody and establishes restrictions for discharges to the waterbody.

• Under Section 401, activities that may result in a discharge into waters of the U.S. must 

obtain certification from the state in which the discharge would originate or from the interstate 

water pollution control agency with jurisdiction over affected waters. Project sponsors must 

obtain a 401 Water Quality Certification from the State Water Resources Control Board. 

• Under Section 402, discharges, including, but not limited to, construction-related stormwater 

discharges to surface waters, are regulated through the National Pollutant Discharge 

Elimination System program. Project sponsors must obtain a National Pollutant Discharge 

Elimination System Permit from State Water Resources Control Board.

• Under CWA Section 404, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency regulate the discharge of dredged and fill materials into the 

waters of the U.S., including wetlands. Project sponsors must obtain a permit from the 

USACE for discharges of dredged or fill materials into jurisdictional aquatic resources.

3.1.3 Endangered Species Act

The Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (FESA), as amended (16 USC Section 1531 et seq.) 

provides a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend 

may be conserved and provides a program for the conservation of such endangered and threatened 

species (Section 1531[b], Purposes). All federal agencies are to seek to conserve endangered and 

threatened species and utilize applicable authorities in furtherance of the purposes of the FESA 

(Section 1531[c][1], Policy). USFWS has primary administrative responsibility under the FESA for 

terrestrial and freshwater organisms and is responsible for the listing of plant and animal species 
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under the FESA on the basis of the best scientific and commercial data available on the species’ 

biological status and threats to its existence. Species listed as threatened or endangered, or 

proposed for such listing, have specific protections under the FESA. All federal agencies are 

required to consult (or confer) with USFWS (and/or the National Marine Fisheries Service for marine 

species) in accordance with Section 7 of the FESA if the agency determines that any proposed 

action may affect a listed species. Each agency must ensure that any federal action or activity is not 

likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any species listed or proposed to be listed under the 

FESA or result in the destruction or adverse modification of designated or proposed critical habitat 

(Section 1536[a], Interagency Cooperation, and 50 CFR Part 402). Section 9 of the FESA prohibits 

any “take” (as defined in the FESA: to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, 

or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct) of a listed species. Section 10 of the FESA 

allows for exemptions to the take prohibition, based on incidental take statements issued in 

accordance with biological opinions issued under Section 7 consultation or other authorized permits.

Categories listed under the FESA are as follows:

• Endangered: Species of plants or animals that have been identified by USFWS or National 

Marine Fisheries Service as being in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant 

portion of its range

• Threatened: Species of plants or animals that have been identified by USFWS or National 

Marine Fisheries Service as being likely to become an endangered species within the 

foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range

• Proposed: Species identified by USFWS under the FESA that are proposed in the Federal 

Register to be listed as threatened or endangered

• Candidate: Species for which USFWS has sufficient information on biological vulnerability 

and threats to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened

• Petitioned: Plant or animal species that have been formally requested to be listed by the 

USFWS or National Marine Fisheries Service under the FESA

3.1.4 Executive Order 13112, Invasive Species

Executive Order 13112 requires federal agencies to identify actions that may affect invasive species; 

use relevant programs to prevent the introduction of invasive species; detect, respond, and control 

such species; monitor invasive species populations; provide for restoration of native species; 

conduct research on invasive species; and promote public education on the spread of invasive 

species.
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3.1.5 Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands 

Executive Order 11990 states that federal agencies should ensure that their actions “minimize the 

destruction, loss or degradation of wetlands and to preserve and to enhance the natural and 

beneficial values of wetlands” in carrying out their responsibilities.

3.1.6 Executive Order 13186, Protection on Migratory Bird Populations

Executive Order 13186 directs each federal agency taking actions that have or may have adverse 

impact on migratory bird populations to work with USFWS to develop a memorandum of 

understanding that will promote the conservation of migratory bird populations.

3.1.7 Federal Railroad Administration

According to the FRA’s Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts (64 FR 28545, May 

26, 1999) Section 14(n)(13) (FRA 1999a), an “EIS should assess the impacts on both passenger 

and freight transportation, by all modes, from local, regional, national, and international perspectives. 

The EIS should include a discussion of both construction period and long-term impacts on vehicular 

traffic congestion.”

3.1.8 Migratory Bird Treaty Act

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), as amended (16 USC Section 703-712), is the 

domestic law that affirms, or implements, the U.S.’s commitment to four international conventions 

(with Canada, Japan, Mexico, and Russia) for the protection of a shared migratory bird resource. 

Each of the conventions protects selected species of birds that occur in both countries at some point 

during their annual life cycle. The MBTA protects migratory birds and their nests, eggs, young, and 

parts from possession, sale, purchase, barter, transport, import, export, and take. For purposes of 

the MBTA, take is defined as “to pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or attempt 

to pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect” (50 CFR Part 10.12). The MBTA applies 

to migratory birds identified in 50 CFR Part 10.13.

Generally speaking, the MBTA protects all birds occurring in the U.S., except for several non-native 

species (e.g., house sparrow, European starlings, and rock pigeons) and non-migratory upland 

game birds. The USFWS implements and enforces the MBTA; is the lead federal agency for 

managing and conserving migratory birds in the U.S.; regulates the take of migratory birds for 

educational, scientific, and recreational purposes; and requires that harvests be limited to levels that 

prevent overutilization. Special purpose permits under 50 CFR Part 2I.27 of the MBTA are required 
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in the event that an action would take, possess, or involve the sale or transport of birds protected by 

the MBTA.

3.2 State

3.2.1 California Endangered Species Act

The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) prohibits the take of any fish, wildlife, or plant 

species listed as endangered or threatened, or designated as candidates for listing, under CESA. 

Take refers to mortality or injury of the listed species itself and not the modification of a listed 

species habitat. Compared with the FESA process, CESA contains a procedure for the California 

Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) to issue a Section 2081 incidental take permit authorizing 

the take of listed and candidate species incidental to an otherwise lawful activity, subject to specified 

conditions, including that the effects of the take are fully mitigated.

3.2.2 California Fish and Game Code

Sections 3511, 4700, 5050, and 5515 (Fully Protected)

The California Fish and Game Code designates 37 fully protected species and prohibits the take or 

possession at any time of such species with certain limited exceptions.

Sections 3503, 3503.5, and 3513 (Bird Protections)

Section California Fish and Game Code 3503 states that it is unlawful to take, possess, or 

needlessly destroy the nest or eggs of any bird, except as otherwise provided by code or any 

regulation made pursuant thereto. Section 3503.5 prohibits the take, possession, or needless 

destruction of any nests, eggs, or birds in the orders Falconiformes (New World vultures, hawks, 

eagles, ospreys, and falcons, among others) or Strigiformes (owls). Section 3513 prohibits the take 

or possession of any migratory non-game bird or part thereof, as designated in the MBTA. To avoid 

violation of the take provisions, it is generally required that project-related disturbance at active 

nesting territories be reduced or eliminated during the nesting cycle. 

Section 1600 et seq. (Lake and Streambed Alteration)

Section 1600 et seq. requires notifying CDFW prior to any project activity that might (1) substantially 

divert or obstruct the natural flow of any river, stream, or lake; (2) substantially change or use any 

material from the bed, channel, or bank of any river, stream, or lake; or (3) deposit or dispose of 
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debris, waste, or other material containing crumbled, flaked, or ground pavement where it may pass 

into any river, stream, or lake.

If after this notification, CDFW determines that the activity may substantially adversely affect fish and 

wildlife resources, a Lake or Streambed Alteration Agreement needs to be obtained.

3.2.3 California Native Plant Protection Act

The California Native Plant Protection Act requires all state agencies to use their authority to carry 

out programs to conserve endangered and rare native plants. Under the California Native Plant 

Protection Act, the Fish and Game Commission may designate native plants as “endangered” or 

“rare” and prohibit the take of such plants, with certain exceptions. 

3.2.4 Natural Communities Conservation Planning Act

The Natural Communities Conservation Planning Act was enacted to encourage broad-based 

planning to provide for effective protection and conservation of the state’s wildlife resources while 

continuing to allow appropriate development and growth. Natural community conservation plans may 

be implemented. These plans identify measures necessary to conserve and manage natural 

biological diversity within the planning area while allowing compatible and appropriate economic 

development, growth, and other human uses. 

3.2.5 Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act

The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act provides authority for the State Water Resources 

Control Board and Regional Water Quality Control Boards to regulate discharges to waters of the 

state, including wetlands. Waters of the state include all waters of the U.S. and any other waters 

within the state, regardless of their federal jurisdiction. It also provides for implementation of portions 

of the federal CWA by the State Water Resources Control Board, including the development of basin 

plans with identified beneficial uses, issuance of Section 401 Certifications, and issuance of Section 

402 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permits. Effects on waters of the state are 

authorized through the issuance of Waste Discharge Requirements, which require documenting 

compliance with state water quality standards, including watershed plans, designated beneficial 

uses, and the total maximum daily load program. Issuance of a Section 401 Water Quality 

Certification generally incorporates the waste discharge requirements for effects on waters of the 

state. However, those surface resources lacking federal CWA jurisdiction are regulated under the 

waste discharge requirement process.

As defined in Division 7, Chapter 2, Section 13050(e) of the California Water Code, waters of the 

state include “any surface or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the 
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state.” In practice, waters of the state are delineated as any aquatic resource with an ordinary high 

water mark, or that meets the description of wetlands in Section 4. Waters of the state include all 

waters of the U.S. and any isolated aquatic resources.

3.3 Regional

3.3.1 Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan

The Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) is a comprehensive, 

multijurisdictional habitat conservation plan focusing on the conservation of species and their 

associated habitats in the Coachella Valley region of Riverside County. The overall goal of the 

Coachella Valley MSHCP is to maintain and enhance biological diversity and ecosystem processes 

within the region while allowing for future economic growth.

The Coachella Valley MSHCP covers 27 sensitive plant and wildlife species, as well as 27 natural 

communities. Covered species include both listed and non-listed species that are adequately 

conserved by the Coachella Valley MSHCP. The overall provisions for the plan are subdivided 

according to specific resource conservation goals that have been organized according to geographic 

areas defined as Conservation Areas. These areas are identified as Core, Essential, or Other 

Conserved Habitat for sensitive plant, invertebrate, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal species;

Essential Ecological Process Areas; and Biological Corridors and Linkages.

The approval of the Coachella Valley MSHCP and execution of the Implementing Agreement allows 

signatories of the Implementing Agreement to issue take authorizations for all species covered by 

the Coachella Valley MSHCP, including federally and state-listed species, as well as other identified 

covered species and/or their habitats.

Each participating city or local jurisdiction within the Coachella Valley imposes a development 

mitigation fee for new development projects within its jurisdiction. With payment of the mitigation fee 

and compliance with the requirements of the Coachella Valley MSHCP, full mitigation in compliance 

with CEQA, NEPA, FESA, and CESA is granted.

3.3.2 Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation 

Plan

The Western Riverside County MSHCP is a comprehensive, multijurisdictional habitat conservation 

plan focusing on conservation of species and their associated habitats in western Riverside County. 

The MSHCP is one of several large, multijurisdictional habitat-planning efforts in Southern

California with the overall goal of maintaining biological and ecological diversity within a rapidly 
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urbanizing region. The MSHCP is a “criteria-based” plan, focused on preserving individual species 

through conservation. Conservation is based on the particular habitat requirements of each species,

as well as the known distribution data for each species.

USFWS and CDFW have authority to regulate the take of threatened, endangered, and rare species. 

The Western Riverside County MSHCP allows the participating jurisdictions to authorize “take” of 

plant and wildlife species identified within the plan area. Under the Western Riverside County 

MSHCP, the wildlife agencies have granted “take authorization” for otherwise lawful actions, such as 

public and private development that may incidentally take or harm individual species or their habitat 

outside of the MSHCP conservation area, in exchange for the assembly and management of 

coordinated MSHCP conservation areas.

Plans like the Western Riverside County MSHCP are designed to allow development to occur in 

designated areas in exchange for a preserve system to ensure the survival of many sensitive 

species. Therefore, biologically important areas with high-quality habitat are set aside for mitigation 

and protection to balance the growth and urbanization.

3.4 Local

3.4.1 Los Angeles County General Plan

The Los Angeles County General Plan 2035 was adopted by the County Board of Supervisors on 

October 6, 2015, and it provides a policy framework and establishes the long-range vision for Los 

Angeles County (County of Los Angeles 2015). Goals and policies that are applicable to biological 

resources for the Program are listed below.

Goal C/NR 3: Permanent, sustainable preservation of genetically and physically diverse biological 

resources and ecological systems including habitat linkages, forests, coastal zone, riparian habitats, 

streambeds, wetlands, woodlands, alpine habitat, chaparral, shrublands, and significant ecological 

areas

Policy C/NR 3.1: Conserve and enhance the ecological function of diverse natural habitats and 

biological resources

Policy C/NR 3.3: Restore upland communities and significant riparian resources, such as degraded 

streams, rivers, and wetlands to maintain ecological function – acknowledging the importance of 

incrementally restoring ecosystem values when complete restoration is not feasible

Policy C/NR 3.6: Assist state and federal agencies and other agencies, as appropriate, with the

preservation of special-status species and their associated habitat and wildlife movement corridors 

through the administration of the significant ecological areas and other programs
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Policy C/NR 3.7: Participate in interjurisdictional collaborative strategies that protect biological 

resources

Policy C/NR 3.10: Require environmentally superior mitigation for unavoidable impacts on 

biologically sensitive areas, and permanently preserve mitigation sites

Policy C/NR 3.11: Discourage development in riparian habitats, streambeds, wetlands, and other 

native woodlands in order to maintain and support their preservation in a natural state, unaltered by 

grading, fill, or diversion activities

Goal C/NR 5: Protected and useable local surface water resources

Policy C/NR 5.1: Support the low impact development philosophy, which seeks to plan and design 

public and private development with hydrologic sensitivity, including limits to straightening and 

channelizing natural flow paths, removal of vegetative cover, compaction of soils, and distribution of 

naturalistic best management practices at regional, neighborhood, and parcel-level scales

Policy C/NR 5.3: Actively engage stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of surface 

water preservation and restoration plans, including plans to improve impaired surface water bodies 

by retrofitting tributary watersheds with low impact development types of best management practices

Policy C/NR 5.4: Actively engage in implementing all approved Enhanced Watershed Management 

Programs, Watershed Management Programs and Coordinated integrated Monitoring 

Programs/Integrated Monitoring Programs and other county-involved total maximum daily load 

implementation and monitoring plans

Policy C/NR 5.6: Minimize point and non-point source water pollution

Policy C/NR 5.7: Actively support the design of new and retrofit of existing infrastructure to 

accommodate watershed protection goals, such as roadway, railway, bridge, and other-particularly 

tributary street and greenway interface points with channelized waterways

3.4.2 Orange County General Plan

The Orange County General Plan was completed in 2005, and the Land Use Element and Land Use 

Map were updated in 2015 (Orange County 2005). Goals, objectives, and policies that are applicable 

to the Program are listed below.

Goal 1: Protect wildlife and vegetation resources and promote development that preserves these 

resources

Objective 1.1: Prevent the elimination of significant wildlife and vegetation through resource 

inventory and management strategies

Policy 1: Identify and preserve the significant wildlife and vegetation habitat of the county
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3.4.3 Riverside County General Plan

The Riverside County General Plan was adopted on October 7, 2003 and has had a number of 

revisions in the intervening years pursuant to adopted General Plan Amendments (Riverside 

County 2003). The current General Plan reflects amendments through 2017. Policies that are 

applicable to biological resources for the Program are listed below.

Policy LU 9.1: Provide for permanent preservation of open space lands that contain important 

natural resources, cultural resources, hazards, water features, watercourses including arroyos and 

canyons, and scenic and recreational values

Policy LU 9.2: Require that development protect environmental resources by compliance with the 

Multipurpose Open Space Element of the General Plan and federal and state regulations, such as 

CEQA, NEPA, the Clean Air Act, and the CWA

Policy OS 5.1: Substantially alter floodways or implement other channelization only as a last resort

Policy OS 5.2: If substantial modification to a floodway is proposed, design it to reduce adverse 

environmental effects to the maximum extent feasible

Policy OS 5.3: Based on specific study, all development shall be set back from the floodway 

boundary

Policy OS 5.5: Preserve and enhance existing native riparian habitat and prevent obstructions of 

natural watercourses. Prohibit fencing that constricts flow across watercourses and their banks

Policy OS 5.6: Identify and, to the maximum extent possible, conserve remaining upland habitat 

areas adjacent to wetland and riparian areas that are critical to the feeding, hibernation, or nesting of 

wildlife species associated with these wetland and riparian areas

Policy OS 6.1: During the development review process, ensure compliance with the CWA’s Section 

404 in terms of wetlands mitigation policies concerning fill material in jurisdictional wetlands

Policy OS 6.2: Preserve buffer zones around wetlands where feasible and biologically appropriate

3.4.4 San Bernardino County General Plan

San Bernardino’s 2007 General Plan became effective on April 12, 2007, with the latest amendment 

occurring in 2014 (County of San Bernardino 2007). Policies that are applicable to biological 

resources for the Program are listed below.

Policy CO 1.1: The County will coordinate with appropriate agencies and interested groups to 

develop, fund, and implement programs to maintain the County’s natural resources’ base.
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Policy CO 2.1: The County will coordinate with state and federal agencies and departments to 

ensure that their programs to preserve rare and endangered species and protected areas of special 

habitat value, as well as conserve populations and habitats of commonly occurring species, are 

reflected in reviews and approvals of development programs.

3.5 Regulatory Compliance

FRA, Caltrans, and RCTC will coordinate with USFWS and CDFW on the methodology,

assumptions, findings, and appropriate approvals required as a result of implementation of the

Build Alternative Option. During the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation, FRA, Caltrans, and 

RCTC will discuss rulemaking regarding Section 7 and programmatic actions with USFWS and 

CDFW as it relates to the Build Alternative Option and the requirements for Tier 2/Project-level

analysis, including continued compliance with Section 7 of the FESA.
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4 Methodology

This methodology identifies the approach and assumptions for describing existing conditions for 

biological and wetland resources and analyzing environmental consequences of the Tier 1 Program. 

Potential direct and indirect effects on biological and wetland resources were evaluated qualitatively, 

consistent with a Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation.

Potential effects on species, designated critical habitat, broad-scale vegetation communities, and

specified habitat requirements were evaluated by reviewing the habitat requirements for each listed 

species and determining if that habitat exists within the affected environment based on the 

geographic information system (GIS) data. Federally and state-listed threatened and endangered

species with the potential to occur in the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area were enumerated 

based on the record search results, consistent with the current USFWS and CDFW listing of each 

species (i.e., current federal register listing status for federal species and current CDFW state-listed 

species status). Species descriptions and habitat requirements are provided in Section 5.3.

Threatened and endangered species lists, species descriptions, designated critical habitats, and 

habitat requirements were generated from the data sources listed above. A current list of species 

from USFWS was requested. The Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC) and California 

Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) search results are provided in Appendix A and Appendix B. 

Field work was not conducted for the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation.

Potential effects on sensitive vegetation communities, suitable habitat for federally and state-listed

species, and waters of the U.S./waters of the state were qualitatively assessed, using GIS overlays, 

to determine the area potentially affected by direct or indirect effects. Available digital mapping of 

vegetation communities (including sensitive communities), potential waters of the U.S., including 

wetlands, and potential waters of the state were overlaid with the study area (Appendix C and 

Appendix D). GIS data layers from the Western Riverside County MSHCP, Coachella Valley 

MSHCP, and CalVeg (USFS 2017) were used to quantify acreages of vegetation communities in the 

Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area and to provide a qualitative description of the types and general 

locations of each habitat type. GIS data layers from the National Wetland Inventory (NWI), U.S. 

Geological Survey (USGS), and National Hydrology Dataset watershed and stream data were used

to quantify acreages of potential Waters of the U.S., including wetlands and potential CDFW 

streambed, including riparian habitat in the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area, and to provide a 

qualitative description of the types and general locations of each aquatic resource type.

In conjunction with the Tier 2/Project-level analysis, a wetland delineation and more detailed impact 

analysis of potential wetland areas would be conducted, including field surveys, to determine which 
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areas meet the U.S. EPA and USACE regulatory criteria and definition of a wetland, and to 

determine the types and boundaries of those wetland areas. The potential also exists for additional 

wetlands to be found in the course of those surveys. Coordination would take place with the USACE 

to determine which wetland areas are jurisdictional or non-jurisdictional for Section 404 permitting 

purposes and mitigation requirements. 

4.1 Data Sources

For the evaluation of potential effects of the Tier 1 Program on biological and wetland resources,

GIS based data were used to evaluate the Build Alternative Options from a landscape perspective.

Online data available from USFWS and CDFW, NWI, and the South Coast Missing Linkage were 

used to acquire relevant site-specific data. Specifically, the following resources were reviewed:

• USFWS IPaC Website: A list of federal candidate, proposed, threatened, and endangered 

plant species was obtained for the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area from USFWS’ IPaC 

website. The list was generated on June 21, 2018 (USFWS 2018b) (Appendix A).

• CNDDB RareFind: Lists of special-status plant and wildlife species were prepared through a 

two-fold inquiry of the CNDDB RareFind 5 database. A standard quad search was performed 

using the RareFind program (CDFW 2018) that included the following 28 USGS 7.5-minute 

quadrangles: Indio, La Quinta, Myoma, Cathedral City, Palm Springs, Seven Palm Valley, 

Desert Hot Springs, White Water, Cabazon, Beaumont, El Casco, Sunnymead, Redlands, 

San Bernardino South, Riverside East, Riverside West, Corona North, Corona South, Prado 

Dam, Black Star Canyon, Orange, Yorba Linda, Anaheim, La Habra, Los Alamitos, Whittier, 

South Gate, and Los Angeles (Appendix B). Second, a GIS mapping exercise captured all 

CNDDB occurrences within the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area (CDFW 2018). 

Biologists performed this two-fold inquiry so that all special-status species with the potential 

to occur in the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area were identified.

• California Native Plant Society’s (CNPS) Online Inventory of Rare and Endangered 

Plants of California: The CNPS’s Online Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of 

California was queried for special-status plant species that occur in Los Angeles, Orange, 

San Bernardino, and Riverside Counties (CNPS 2018). 

• eBird Database: This list was consulted to identify bird observations in or near the Tier 1/ 

Program EIS/EIR Study Area (eBird 2017).

• Critical Habitat: To identify proposed and designated critical habitat within 1 mile of the Tier 

1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area, GIS layers from the USFWS Ventura and Carlsbad field 

office websites were reviewed in June 2018.
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• Areas of Protected Habitat: To identify areas of protected habitat, the California Protected 

Areas Database 2017 was consulted.

• Wildlife Movement Linkages: To identify wildlife movement linkages, the South Coast 

Missing Linkage Project: A Linkage Design for the San Bernardino-San Jacinto Connection 

(Penrod et al. 2005) was consulted.

• Waters of the U.S.: To identify waters of the U.S., the USFWS NWI maps (USFWS 2018a)

and National Hydrography Data (USGS 2016) were consulted.

• Wetlands: For this evaluation, the USFWS NWI database (USFWS 2018a) was used to 

identify locations of potential wetland areas within the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area. 

The NWI maps are based on a classification system known as the Cowardin System, which 

includes habitats that do not meet the USACE three-parameter wetland definition but 

provides a useful tool for estimating potential impacts on wetlands at a planning level. 

Typical wetland classifications in the Arid West include riverine, freshwater pond, and 

freshwater forested/shrub. According to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual

(Environmental Laboratory 1987) and the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers 

Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Version 2.0) (USACE 2008), three criteria 

must be satisfied to classify an area as a wetland: (1) hydrophytic vegetation; (2) hydric soils; 

and (3) wetland hydrology. 

4.2 Definitions

4.2.1 Special-Status Species

Special-status species are plants or animals legally protected under FESA, CESA, or other 

regulations, as well as species considered sufficiently rare by the scientific community to qualify for 

such listing. Special-status species include the following:

• Species listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered under the FESA (50 CFR 

Part 17.12 [listed plants], 50 CFR Part 17.11 [listed animals], and various notices in the 

Federal Register [proposed species])

• Species that are candidates for listing as endangered or threatened (various notices in the 

Federal Register)

• Species listed or proposed for listing by the State of California as threatened or endangered 

under the CESA (14 California Code of Regulations 670.5)
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• Bald and golden eagles protected under the BGEPA (16 USC Sections 668 to 668d, 54 

Statute 250)

• Species that meet the definitions of “rare” or “endangered” under CEQA (CEQA Guidelines, 

Sections 15380 and 15125)

• Plants presumed by the CNPS to be “extinct in California” (California Rare Plant 

Rank [CRPR]1A, CNPS 2018)

• Plants considered by the CNPS to be “rare, threatened, or endangered in California” (CRPR 

1B and 2B, CNPS 2018)

• Plant species listed as rare under the California Native Plant Protection Act (California Fish 

and Game Code, Section 1900, et seq.)

• Animal Species of Special Concern to CDFW

• Animals that are fully protected in California (California Fish and Game Code 

Sections 3511 [birds], 4700 [mammals], 5050 [amphibians and reptiles], and 5515 [fish])

4.2.2 Potential to Occur

Special-Status Plant Species

The potential for special-status plant species to occur within the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

is determined by several factors, including extant or potentially extant populations within 5 miles of 

the study area, the study area occurring within the known elevation range for the species according

to historical records, and potential for suitable habitat (including suitable soil, hydrology, and 

vegetation requirements) to occur within the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area. Species would be 

considered “not expected” if any of the following are true:

• Suitable habitat for the species is not likely to occur within the study area, based on review of 

2018 aerial imagery, review of soil information, and professional experience.

• The species’ elevation range is higher or lower than the study area.

• There are no CNDDB or CNPS records of the species within 5 miles of the study area.

• There are no records of the species occurring in the region after 1940, or records that do 

exist occur in areas that have since been developed. 

Species would be considered to “have potential to occur” if suitable habitat, as defined above, is 

known or expected to occur in, or near, the study area and recent records have been observed 

within or near the study area. 
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Special-Status Wildlife Species

The potential for special-status wildlife species to occur within the study area depends on several

factors, including the location of the study area in relation to the known range of the species, extant 

or potentially extant populations within the study area or within 5 miles of it, and the potential for 

suitable habitat to occur within the study area. Species would be considered “not expected” if any of 

the following are true:

• The study area is outside of the known range of the species.

• There are no records of the species within the study area since 1940, or those that do exist 

occur in areas that have since been developed.

• Suitable habitat for the species is not likely to occur within the study area. 

Species would be considered to “have potential to occur” if the study area is within the species range 

and suitable habitat is likely to occur in or near the study area. 

4.3 Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

This biological and wetland resources technical memorandum is limited to a desktop evaluation of 

the data sources described in Section 4.1. In order to identify all biological and wetland resources 

that have the potential to occur, the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area for biological resources 

extends up to 600 feet from either side of the existing railroad centerline in the Western Section. For 

the Eastern Section, the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area for station-related infrastructure 

improvements extends up to 1,000 feet from either side of the centerline, plus a 500-foot buffer for 

the assessment of indirect impacts on biological resources, for a total Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study 

Area of 1,500 feet from either side of the centerline at each of the individual station location areas. 

The remaining portion of the Eastern Section Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area encompasses up 

to 300 feet from the railroad centerline to include non-station-related infrastructure improvements, 

plus a 500-foot buffer for the assessment of indirect impacts, for a total Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR 

Study Area of 800 feet from the railroad centerline. 

To identify vegetation communities, special-status plant and wildlife species, and waters of the U.S.

(including wetlands that could be affected by the Program), the Tier 1/ Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

was overlaid with resource data, such as vegetation communities, special-status plant and wildlife 

occurrences, waterways, and riparian and wetland areas. 
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5 Existing Conditions

Biological resources include plant and wildlife species that have received special-status designation 

by federal, state, and local government agencies, as well as general plant and wildlife species; 

vegetation communities that provide habitat for these species; critical habitat and preserved areas 

that protect habitat for plants and wildlife; and wildlife movement linkages that provide movement 

corridors between large blocks of protected habitat. This section is intended to provide an overview 

of the biological resources that could occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area and in the 

vicinity of the Build Alternative Options and serves as a foundation for the evaluation of potential 

effects on biological resources.

The Build Alternative Options cross a large geographic area within Southern California, spanning a 

distance of approximately 140.5 (Build Alternative Options 2 and 3) to 144 miles (Build Alternative 

Option 1) from its western terminus in Los Angeles to the eastern terminus in Indio or Coachella, 

respectively. The topography crossed by the Program Corridor ranges from relatively flat, urban 

landscapes in the western portion to hilly canyons in the central portion, and flat, low desert habitat 

in the east. Elevations within the Program Corridor range from 300 feet above mean sea level at the 

western terminus in Los Angeles to 600 feet in Corona, 1,000 feet in Colton, 2,600 feet in Beaumont

(the highest elevation), and 75 feet below mean sea level (the lowest elevation) in Coachella. The 

Program Corridor traverses four major geographic regions: the Los Angeles Basin from Los Angeles 

to Corona, the Inland Empire from Corona to Redlands, the Peninsular Range from Redlands to 

Banning, and the northwestern Sonoran Desert from Banning to Coachella. The Build Alternative 

Options occur within an existing railroad corridor that traverses areas that have predominately been 

heavily modified for urban purposes, especially in the Western Section, though some areas occur in 

or adjacent to lands that are in natural condition. Much of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

from Los Angeles to Redlands is urbanized with limited habitat value for most plant and wildlife 

species. Areas of natural habitat occur mainly along the Santa Ana River basin, which provides 

riparian woodland and wetland habitat for a number of special-status plant and wildlife species. San 

Timoteo Canyon dominates the region between Redlands and Banning. Most of this region is 

marked by natural areas of riparian woodland, grasslands, and wetlands that provide habitat for a 

number of special-status plants and wildlife. The portion of the Program Corridor east of Banning 

occurs within the Sonoran Desert and is a mixture of developed and undeveloped desert scrub 

dominated by creosote (Larrea tridentata). Transportation facilities, such as an interstate highway, 

state highways, local roadways, and existing railroads, are included within or adjacent to the Build 

Alternative Options. The following section describes, in general, the biotic communities, 
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special-status plants and wildlife species and their associated habitat, wildlife movement corridors, 

and wetlands and drainages that occur within or adjacent to the Program Corridor.

5.1 Vegetation Communities

The vegetation communities were mapped by overlaying the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

over GIS information from the Western Riverside County MSHCP, Coachella Valley MSHCP, and 

CalVeg. The vegetation communities mapped in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area are 

described below for each Build Alternative Option and illustrated on Figure 5-1 (Sheets 1 through 6).

5.1.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

Table 5-1 summarizes vegetation communities or land cover types within the Program Corridor 

under Build Alternative Option 1. As indicated in Table 5-1, the dominant vegetation communities or 

land cover types in the Western Section of the Program Corridor are urban (9,379.67 acres), annual 

grassland (316.28 acres), and barren (158.46 acres), which equals approximately 98 percent of the 

total area within the Western Section of Build Alternative Option 1. For the Eastern Section of the 

Program Corridor, the dominant vegetation communities or land cover types are urban (9,529.88 

acres), desert scrub (7,112.92 acres), annual grassland (1,513.91 acres), and 

cropland/orchard/vineyard (1,886.18 acres), which equals approximately 93 percent of the total area 

within the Eastern Section of Build Alternative Option 1.
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Table 5-1. Summary of Vegetation Communities (Build Alternative Option 1)

Vegetation Community 

Western 

Section 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Non-Station 

Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Loma Linda 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Pass Area 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Mid-Valley 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Indio Station 

Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Coachella 

Station Area 

(acres)

Total Area 

of 

Vegetation 

Community 

(acres)

Alkali desert scrub — 4.04 — — — — 23.56 27.60

Annual grassland 316.28 922.41 281.77 309.73 — — — 1,830.19

Barren 158.46 77.28 69.20 — — — — 304.93

Coastal oak woodland 35.90 3.52 — — — — — 39.41

Coastal scrub 65.43 100.74 5.35 189.96 — — — 361.48

Cropland/orchard/vineyard 30.30 504.27 182.53 78.82 — 471.68 648.88 1,916.48

Desert scrub — 3,077.75 — 324.54 2,947.17 752.95 10.51 7,112.92

Desert wash — 10.40 — 407.73 — — — 418.13

Eucalyptus woodland 13.94 24.08 — — — — — 38.02

Freshwater emergent 

Wetland

15.14 26.20 — — — — — 41.34

Lacustrine 14.05 35.59 — — — — — 49.64

Mixed chaparral 1.19 30.45 — 6.57 — — — 38.20

Montane riparian 12.33 29.60 — — — — — 41.93
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Vegetation Community 

Western 

Section 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Non-Station 

Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Loma Linda 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Pass Area 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Mid-Valley 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Indio Station 

Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Coachella 

Station Area 

(acres)

Total Area 

of 

Vegetation 

Community 

(acres)

Pasture 5.90 49.08 70.00 — — — — 124.98

Riverine — 43.89 — 14.18 — — — 58.08

Urban 9,379.67 1,317.54 898.06 3,948.19 670.08 2508.12 187.90 18,909.55

Valley foothill riparian 58.53 380.37 — 5.72 — — — 444.63
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5.1.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Table 5-2 summarizes vegetation communities or land cover types within the Program Corridor 

under Build Alternative Option 2. As indicated in Table 5-2, the dominant vegetation communities or 

land cover types in the Western Section of the Program Corridor are urban (9,379.67 acres), annual 

grassland (316.28 acres), and barren (158.46 acres), which equals approximately 98 percent of the 

total area within the Western Section of Build Alternative Option 2. For the Eastern Section of the 

Program Corridor, the dominant vegetation communities or land cover types are urban 

(9,274.01 acres), desert scrub (7,100.51 acres), annual grassland (1,513.91 acres), and 

cropland/orchard/vineyard (1,116.54 acres), which equals approximately 93 percent of the total area 

within the Eastern Section of Build Alternative Option 2.

5.1.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

As summarized in Table 5-2, the types of vegetation communities and land cover types within Build 

Alternative Option 3 would be the same as those identified for Build Alternative Option 2.
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Table 5-2. Summary of Vegetation Communities (Build Alternative Options 2 and 3)

Vegetation Community 

Western 

Section 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Non-Station 

Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Loma Linda 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Pass Area 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Mid-Valley 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern Section: 

Indio Station 

Area 

(acres)

Total Area of 

Vegetation Community 

(acres)

Alkali desert scrub — — — — — — —

Annual grassland 316.28 922.41 281.77 309.73 — — 1,830.19

Barren 158.46 77.28 69.20 — — — 304.93

Coastal oak woodland 35.90 3.52 — — — — 39.41

Coastal scrub 65.43 100.74 5.35 189.96 — — 361.48

Cropland/orchard/vineyard 30.30 383.51 182.53 78.82 — 471.68 1,146.84

Desert scrub — 3,075.85 — 324.54 2,947.17 752.95 7,100.51

Desert wash — 10.40 — 407.73 — — 418.13

Eucalyptus woodland 13.94 24.08 — — — — 38.02

Freshwater emergent 

wetland

15.14 26.20 — — — — 41.34

Lacustrine 14.05 35.59 — — — — 49.64

Mixed chaparral 1.19 30.45 — 6.57 — — 38.20

Montane riparian 12.33 29.60 — — — — 41.93
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Vegetation Community 

Western 

Section 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Non-Station 

Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Loma Linda 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Pass Area 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern 

Section: 

Mid-Valley 

Station Area 

(acres)

Eastern Section: 

Indio Station 

Area 

(acres)

Total Area of 

Vegetation Community 

(acres)

Pasture 5.90 49.08 70.00 — — — 124.98

Riverine — 43.89 — 14.18 — — 58.08

Urban 9,379.67 1,249.55 898.06 3,948.19 670.08 2,508.12 18,653.68

Valley foothill riparian 58.53 380.37 — 5.72 — — 444.63
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Figure 5-1. Vegetation Communities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

(Page 1 of 6)
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Figure 5-1. Vegetation Communities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 2 of 6)
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Figure 5-1. Vegetation Communities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 3 of 6)
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Figure 5-1. Vegetation Communities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 4 of 6)
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Figure 5-1. Vegetation Communities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 5 of 6)
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Figure 5-1. Vegetation Communities within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 6 of 6)
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The vegetation communities referenced in Section 5.1 and illustrated on Figure 5-1 are described in 

detail below.

Alkali Desert Scrub

Alkali desert scrub generally occurs at lower to mid elevations throughout the Mojave Desert and 

northwestern edge of the Sonoran Desert and integrates with other arid and semiarid habitats. At 

lower elevations, alkali desert scrub can integrate with barren and desert scrub. Alkali scrub 

assemblages generally occur around the receding shores of large prehistoric lakes or alkali playas. 

The plant assemblage is subdivided into xerophytic (dry) and halophytic (saline) phases. Vegetation 

generally consists of perennial shrubs and subshrubs. Plant species characteristic of this community 

include allscale saltbush (Atriplex polycarpa), desert holly (Atriplex hymenelytra), fourwing saltbush 

(Atriplex canescens), shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia), white bur-sage (Ambrosia dumosa), creosote 

bush (Larrea tridentata), Nevada ephedra (Ephedra nevadensis), cheesebush (Ambrosia salsola), 

alkali goldenbush (Isocoma acradenia), and snakeweed (Gutierrezia spp.) (Rowlands 1988). Within 

the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area, alkali desert scrub occurs southwest of Coachella.

Wildlife species characteristic of alkali desert scrub include chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys 

microps), zebra-tailed lizards (Callisaurus spp.), Mojave ground squirrel (Xerospermophilus 

mohavensis), and long-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia wislizenii) (Rowlands 1988).

Annual Grassland

An herbaceous community typical of disturbed areas that lack shrubland or woodland vegetation 

occurs throughout the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area. Non-native forbs, black mustard 

(Brassica nigra), Saharan mustard (Brassica tournefortii), short pod mustard (Hirschfeldia incana), 

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus), tall tumbleweed mustards (Sisymbrium spp.), and annual grasses,

such as bromes (Bromus spp.), oats (Avena spp.), schismus (Schismus spp.), and mouse barley 

(Hordeum murinum) are typically dominant or codominant. Depending on the severity and frequency 

of soil disturbance, these areas can contain a substantial number of native forbs. Annual grassland

occurs throughout the study area.

Annual grasslands provide habitat for a variety of wildlife species. Reptiles that breed in annual 

grassland habitats typically include western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis), common garter 

snake (Thamnophis sirtalis), and western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus). Mammals typically found 

in this habitat type include black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), California ground squirrel 

(Otospermophilus beecheyi), Botta's pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae), western harvest mouse 

(Reithrodontomys megalotis), California vole (Microtus californicus), American badger (Taxidea 

taxus), and coyote (Canis latrans). Common birds known to breed in annual grasslands include 
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burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), short-eared owl (Asio flammeus), horned lark (Eremophila 

alpestris), and western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). This community also provides important 

foraging habitat for turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), American 

kestrel (Falco sparverius), black-shouldered kite (Elanus axillaris), and prairie falcon (Falco 

mexicanus) (Kie 2005).

Barren

Barren habitat is defined by the absence of vegetation. Any habitat with less than 2 percent of total 

vegetation cover is defined as barren. Most areas defined as barren have been previously disturbed 

by human activities. However, these areas may also include rock ledges, open ground covered with 

sand or gravel, vertical cliffs, and rocky river canyon walls. Within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study 

Area, barren lands occur adjacent to urban areas.

Wildlife species that may be found in some barren habitats include cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.), 

hawks, falcons, plovers, stilts, avocets (Recurvirostra spp.), gulls, terns (Sterna spp.), common 

nighthawk (Chordeiles minor), common poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii), bank swallow (Riparia 

riparia), and bats. In the desert, open sandy soil provides a burrowing and egg-laying substrate for 

horned lizards and fringe-toed lizards (Parisi 1988).

Coastal Oak Woodland

Coastal oak woodland occurs within canyons and drainages within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR 

Study Area west of Banning. The overstory is open to dense and dominated or codominated by 

coast live oak with deciduous and evergreen hardwoods and some scattered conifers. The 

understory is composed of shrubs from adjacent chaparral or coastal scrub and are scattered under 

and between trees. Where trees form a closed canopy, the understory varies from a lush cover of 

shade-tolerant shrubs, ferns, and herbs to sparse cover with a thick carpet of litter. Within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area, coastal oak woodland occurs west of Banning.

Coastal oak woodlands provide habitat for a variety of wildlife species. Barrett (Barrett 1980) 

reported that this community provides habitat for at least 60 species of mammals and Verner (Verner 

1980) observed 110 species of birds during the breeding season in coastal oak woodland. Squirrels 

and deer may be so dependent on acorns in fall and early winter that a poor acorn year can result in 

significant declines in their populations (Holland 2005).

Coastal Scrub

Coastal scrub is an open shrubland up to 3 feet in height that occupies well-drained soils on slopes 

and along drainages and washes. California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) is dominant or 
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codominant in the cismontane stands with coastal sagebrush (Artemisia californica) and deerweed 

(Acmispon glaber). Transmontane stands include white bur sage (Ambrosia dumosa), big sagebrush

(Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata), creosote (Larrea tridentata), and bladder sage (Scutellaria 

mexicana). The herbaceous layer is highly variable. Within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area,

coastal scrub occurs in the Santa Ana River basin and San Timoteo basin.

Coastal scrub provides habitat for a variety of insects, mammals, and birds. Some of the more 

common bird species include California thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum), black-chinned sparrow

(Spizella atrogularis), cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), and wrentit (Chamaea 

fasciata). Coastal scrub also provides suitable nesting and foraging habitat for the federally 

threatened coastal California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica) (Frost 2015).

Deciduous Orchard/Vineyard, Evergreen Orchard

These areas include agricultural land that is used for growing fruit or nut trees or vine crops. Within 

the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area, orchards and vineyards occur in various locations from 

Corona to Coachella.

Orchards and vineyards provide wildlife habitat for deer, rabbits, squirrels, and numerous species of 

birds, which feed on fruits or nuts and use these areas for cover and nesting sites. Bird species that 

use these areas may include northern flicker (Colaptes auratus), scrub jay (Aphelocoma californica), 

American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), plain titmouse (Baeolophus inornatus), Brewer’s blackbird 

(Euphagus cyanocephalus), house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), California ground squirrel, and 

northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) (Schultze 1988).

Desert Scrub

Desert scrub is an open shrubland up to 6 feet in height that occupies well-drained soils in valleys 

and gentle slopes and occurs in the desert portions of the study area east of Beaumont. Rubber 

rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa) or creosote bush is generally dominant, with white bur sage, 

allscale saltbush (Atriplex polycarpa), Nevada ephedra (Ephedra nevadensis), Anderson’s 

desert-thorn (Lycium andersonii), and other desert shrub species. The herbaceous layer is sparse or 

of non-native grasses. Within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area, desert scrub occurs in the 

desert portions east of Beaumont.

Desert scrub habitats support a variety of wildlife species, including the federally and state 

threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agasizzii) and more common wildlife such as desert iguana 

(Dipsosaurus dorsalis), common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula), black-throated sparrow 

(Amphispiza bilineata), various pocket mice and kangaroo rats, kit fox (Vulpes macrotis), coyote, and 

bobcat (Lynx rufus) (Laudenslayer and Boggs 1988).
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Desert Wash

Desert wash is an open riparian shrubland up to 4 feet in height that occupies washes and drainages 

within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area east of Banning. Scalebroom (Lepidospartum 

squamatum) is dominant or codominant with mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia), big sagebrush, and/or 

rubber rabbitbrush. The herbaceous layer is variable and may be grassy. Within the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area, desert wash and desert riparian habitats occur near Banning and Palm Springs.

Desert wash and desert riparian habitats are important to wildlife populations and they typically 

support more bird species at higher densities than other desert habitats. The dense shrubs also 

provide food and cover for other wildlife (Laudenslayer 1988).

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus woodlands are seminatural woodland stands or eucalyptus groves. These areas are 

characterized by relatively dense stands of eucalyptus trees. The understory vegetation typically 

comprises introduced annual grasses, such as ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) and Bermuda grass

(Cynodon dactylon) with goose grass (Galium aparine) and dovefoot geranium (Geranium molle).

Within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area, Eucalyptus woodland occurs in the Cities of Yorba 

Linda, Corona, and Highgrove, and in San Timoteo Canyon.

Wildlife species that are typically found in eucalyptus woodland include American crow, common 

raven (Corvus corax), barn owl (Tyto alba), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), and red-shouldered 

hawk (Buteo lineatus). Eucalyptus trees function as roosts, perches, and nest sites for a number of 

bird species, particularly raptors. Trees with stringy bark or a tendency for rapid deposition of litter 

create micro habitats for a number of small vertebrate species, including alligator lizard (Elgaria

spp.), gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer), and woodrat (Neotoma spp.) (Pearson 1988).

Fresh Emergent Wetland

Fresh emergent wetlands are often associated with aquatic habitats, including riverine and 

lacustrine, and are flooded frequently. Vegetation is characterized by erect, rooted herbaceous 

hydrophytes. Dominant vegetation is generally perennial monocots that grow to 6 feet tall.

Vegetation typically includes sedges (Carex spp.), rushes (Juncus spp.), nutgrass (Cyperus spp.) 

and, on more alkaline sites, saltgrass (Distichlis spicata). On wetter sites, cattail (Typha spp.), 

bulrush, and arrowhead (Sagittaria) may occur. Within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area, fresh 

emergent wetland is associated with the larger drainages west of Banning.

Freshwater emergent wetlands are among the most productive wildlife habitats in California. They 

provide food, cover, and water for numerous species of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. 

Many species rely on this habitat for their entire life cycle (Kramer 1988).
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Lacustrine

Lacustrine areas are areas of open water and include freshwater ponds, lakes, and canals that are 

inundated by natural or artificial means. These features may hold water year-round in wet years but 

may be dry in other years. Concrete-lined ponds without vegetation are mapped as urban. 

Lacustrine habitats are largely unvegetated, but marsh or riparian plants, such as cattail (Typha sp.) 

or willows, may grow in shallower parts of the water. Within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area, 

lacustrine is associated with the larger drainages west of Banning and man-made lakes.

Lacustrine habitats are used by a variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians for 

reproduction, food, water, and cover.

Mixed Chaparral

Mixed chaparral is an open shrubland up to 15 feet in height that occupies slopes and ridgetops on 

well-drained soils. Tucker oak (Quercus john-tuckeri) is dominant or codominant with California 

buckwheat, interior goldenbush (Ericameria linearifolia), rubber rabbitbrush, and other shrub 

species. The herbaceous layer is intermittent to sparse. Within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study 

Area, mixed chaparral occurs in the Santa Ana River basin and San Timoteo basin.

Mixed chaparral provides habitat for a variety of wildlife species. Common wildlife species may 

include brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani), woodrat, wrentit, scrub jay, California thrasher, alligator 

lizard, rattlesnakes, and gopher snake (England 1988).

Montane Riparian

Montane riparian is an open riparian forest up to 100 feet in height with a sparse understory. Bigleaf 

maple (Acer macrophyllum) and California bay (Umbellularia californica) are typical dominants in 

Southern California, along with Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii). Within the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area, montane riparian occurs in the San Timoteo drainage.

Montane riparian habitats provide high value for many wildlife species because they provide water, 

thermal cover, migration corridors, and diverse nesting and feeding opportunities. A variety of 

amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals use montane riparian habitat for food, cover, and 

reproduction (Grenfell 1988).

Pasture

Pastures are composed of a mixture of annual and perennial grasses and forbs that provide forage 

for domestic livestock. Most of the pastureland in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area occurs in 

the San Timoteo Creek channel. While some pastures may be enhanced through the seeding of 
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desirable forage plants, such as tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix), ryegrass (Festuca perennis), 

and various clovers (Trifolium spp.), they are less intensively managed than other types of 

agricultural lands. They also have a relatively low native diversity but often support some (usually 

minor) component of native California annual grassland species. Irrigation is variable, with some 

pasture areas flood- or sprinkler-irrigated, while others managed as dry-land pasture only. This 

habitat type is distinguished from extensive areas of California annual grassland that may be used 

as rangeland.

Pastures are used by a variety of wildlife depending upon geographic region and types of adjacent 

habitats. Ground-nesting birds, such as waterfowl and pheasant, nest in pastures if adequate 

vegetation is present at the beginning of the nesting season. Flood irrigation of pastures provides 

feeding and roosting sites for many wetland-associated birds, including shorebirds, wading birds, 

gulls, waterfowl, and some raptors. Deer also graze pastures when they provide adequate, adjacent 

escape cover (Zeiner 1988).

Riverine

Riverine areas are natural watercourses that include perennial rivers and creeks, as well as 

intermittent creeks. Most historical watercourses in Southern California had ephemeral hydrology. 

Many of the watercourses in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area have been channelized and 

concrete lined for flood control purposes.

The open water areas of large rivers provide resting and escape cover for many waterfowl species. 

Gulls, terns, osprey (Pandion haliaetus), and bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) typically hunt in 

open water, while insectivorous birds (swallows, swifts, flycatchers) hunt over water. Waters near the 

shore provide food for waterfowl, herons, shorebirds, and belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon). 

(Grenfell 1988).

Urban

Developed areas, such as buildings, warehouses, factories, mines, paved or graveled roads, and 

parking lots occur throughout the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area. This category also includes 

ornamental vegetation, golf courses, and undeveloped areas, such as residential yards and horse 

pens. Urban accounts for most of the area between Redlands and Los Angeles and the Eastern 

Section.

Urban areas that are vegetated provide habitat for wildlife species. Common birds in these areas 

may include rock dove (Columba livia), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), starling (Sturnus 

vulgaris), scrub jay, mockingbird, house finch, wrentit, bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus), plain titmouse, 

and California quail (Callipepla californica). Common mammals typically include raccoon (Procyon 
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lotor), opossum (Didelphimorphia sp.), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and black-tailed jackrabbit. 

Common reptiles typically include gopher snake and western fence lizard (McBride and Reid 1988).

Valley Foothill Riparian

Valley foothill riparian is an open dense riparian forest up to 100 feet in height that occupies gravelly 

or rocky soils in canyons, intermittent streams, and floodplains throughout the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area. Many of the larger drainages in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area contain 

valley foothill riparian. Generally, Fremont cottonwood is dominant or codominant with California 

sycamore (Platanus racemosa), Goodding’s black willow (Salix gooddingii), and arroyo willow (Salix 

lasiolepis). The shrub layer is open to dense and includes mule fat, blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra

ssp. caerulea), tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), and poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum). The 

herbaceous layer is highly variable. Many of the larger drainages in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR 

Study Area contain valley foothill riparian.

Valley foothill riparian habitats provide food, water, migration and dispersal corridors, as well as

escape, nesting, and thermal cover for variety of wildlife species, including amphibians, reptiles, 

birds, and mammals.

5.2 Sensitive Natural Communities

Sensitive natural communities represent rare vegetation types or have limited distribution statewide 

or within a county or region. These communities include riparian areas that are jurisdictional to 

CDFW under the California Fish and Game Code 1600 et seq., and they are often vulnerable to the 

environmental effects of projects. A list of sensitive natural communities in California is maintained 

by CDFW in the Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program—Natural Communities List. The 

sensitive natural communities with potential to occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

are shown in Table 5-3. Mapping of sensitive natural communities requires a field assessment of the 

dominant plant species within each vegetation community type. Therefore, the potential presence of 

sensitive natural communities in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area was assessed based on the 

broader vegetation community categories for which mapping exists.

5.2.1 Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

As summarized in Table 5-3, five sensitive natural communities have the potential to occur within the 

Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area under Build Alternative Option 1. These sensitive natural 

communities include California walnut woodland, scalebroom scrub, California sycamore woodland, 

Fremont cottonwood forest, and black willow thickets. All have state rarity ranks of S3, which 

indicates that they are “vulnerable and at moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a restricted 
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range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, or other factors.” 

These sensitive natural communities have the potential to occur in valley foothill riparian, coastal 

scrub, mixed chaparral, and desert wash habitats, respectively. Within the Western Section, 

California walnut woodland, California sycamore woodland, Fremont cottonwood forest, and black 

willow thickets have the potential to occur based on the vegetation community present. Within the 

Eastern Section, specifically the non-station areas and the Pass Area Station Area, all five sensitive 

natural communities have the potential to occur. Within the Loma Linda Station Area, California 

walnut woodland has the potential to occur. Within the Mid-Valley Station Area, Indio Station Area, 

and Coachella Station Area, none of the five sensitive natural communities have the potential to 

occur based on the vegetation community present. 

5.2.2 Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

Sensitive natural communities within Build Alternative Option 2 are the same as Build Alternative 

Option 1. 

5.2.3 Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third 

Track)

Sensitive natural communities within Build Alternative Option 3 are the same as Build Alternative 

Options 1 and 2.
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Table 5-3. Sensitive Natural Communities with Potential to Occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Sensitive Natural 

Community 

(Alliance)a

State 

Rarity 

Rankb

Vegetation 

Community

Western 

Section

Eastern 

Section:

Non-Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section:

Loma Linda 

Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section:

Pass Area 

Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section:

Mid-Valley 

Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section: 

Indio 

Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section:

Coachella 

Station 

Area

Juglans californica 

Woodland Alliance

California walnut 

woodland

S3 Valley foothill 

riparian, coastal 

sage, mixed 

chaparral

P P P P — — —

Lepidospartum 

squamatum Shrubland 

Alliance

Scalebroom scrub

S3 Desert wash — P — P — — —

Platanus racemosa 

Woodland Alliance

California sycamore 

woodland

S3 Valley foothill 

riparian

P P — P — — —

Populus fremontii 

Forest Alliance

Fremont cottonwood 

forest

S3 Valley foothill 

riparian

P P — P — — —
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Sensitive Natural 

Community 

(Alliance)a

State 

Rarity 

Rankb

Vegetation 

Community

Western 

Section

Eastern 

Section:

Non-Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section:

Loma Linda 

Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section:

Pass Area 

Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section:

Mid-Valley 

Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section: 

Indio 

Station 

Area

Eastern 

Section:

Coachella 

Station 

Area

Salix gooddingii 

Woodland Alliance

Black willow thickets

S3 Valley foothill 

riparian

P P — P — — —

Notes:

a Alliances names follow A Manual of California Vegetation (Sawyer et al. 2009).

b Rarity ranks are taken from A Manual of California Vegetation (Sawyer et al. 2009). Ranks of S1, S2, and S3 are considered rare and threatened statewide 

(Sawyer et al. 2009, p. 46) and of special concern by CDFW.

P=potential to occur
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The sensitive natural communities referenced in Section 5.2 are described in detail below.

Juglans californica Woodland Alliance (California Walnut Woodland)

California walnut woodlands are either dominated by Southern California black walnut or Southern 

California black walnut is a secondary component. This community has a state rarity ranking of 

S3. This woodland alliance occurs in Southern California, the Transverse Ranges, and the 

Peninsular Ranges. California walnut woodlands generally occur in riparian areas and adjacent 

hillsides but occasionally occur in mixed chaparral and coastal sage communities. California walnut 

woodlands occur either as single species stands or mixed with oak species. The herbaceous layer is 

sparse or grassy (Sawyer et al. 2009).

Lepidospartum squamatum Shrubland Alliance (Scalebroom Scrub)

Scale broom scrub is defined as having greater than 1 percent absolute cover of scalebroom in 

alluvial environments. This community has a state rarity ranking of S3. It occurs in desert washes 

throughout Southern California. Scalebroom scrub occurs in alluvial plain and wash areas in the 

mountains near the desert edge. In these areas, scalebroom is dominant or codominant with 

burrobrush, mule fat, or rubber rabbitbrush. The herbaceous layer is sparse or grassy (Sawyer et al. 

2009).

Platanus racemosa Woodland Alliance (California Sycamore Woodland)

California sycamore woodlands are defined as having California sycamore at greater than 50 

percent relative cover in the tree layer. This community has a state rarity ranking of S3. It is most 

commonly found in rocky or cobbly alluvium along drainages and floodplains with permanent 

moisture at depth and occurs throughout the Central Valley, non-desert areas of Southern California, 

the Central Coast and Coast Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada and Tehachapi Mountains. California 

sycamore is dominant or codominant with Fremont cottonwood, willows, or other riparian tree 

species. The shrub layer is open to intermittent, consisting of mule fat or other shrubs adapted to 

occasionally flooded areas. The herbaceous layer is sparse or grassy with nonnative annuals 

(Sawyer et al. 2009).
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Populus fremontii Forest Alliance (Fremont Cottonwood Forest)

Fremont cottonwood forest is a forest or woodland community with Fremont cottonwood dominant 

and at greater than 50 percent relative cover or 5 percent absolute cover in the tree layer or at 

greater than 30 percent relative cover and codominant with willows. This community has a state 

rarity ranking of S3. It occurs in canyons, drainages, lake and pond edges, and floodplains with a 

dependable subsurface water supply throughout most of California. Fremont cottonwood is dominant 

or codominant with California sycamore or willows. The shrub and herbaceous layers are open to 

intermittent and commonly include arroyo willow, mule fat, tarragon, and non-native grasses (Sawyer 

et al. 2009).

Salix gooddingii Woodland Alliance (Black Willow Thickets)

Black willow thickets are defined as having black willow greater than 50 percent relative cover in the 

tree canopy. This community has a state rarity ranking of S3. It occupies terraces along large rivers;

canyons; and rocky floodplains of small, intermittent streams, seeps, and springs in the Central 

Valley and most of central and Southern California, except for the Great Basin. Black willow is 

dominant or codominant with California sycamore, Fremont cottonwood, or other willow species. The 

shrub layer is open to dense and includes mule fat, blue elderberry, tarragon, and poison oak. The 

herbaceous layer is variable but often dominated by non-native grasses (Sawyer et al. 2009).

5.3 Special-Status Species (All Build Alternative Options)

5.3.1 Federally and State-Listed Plants and Wildlife

Table 5-4 and Table 5-5 list the 15 federally and/or state-listed plant species and 25 federally and/or

state-listed wildlife species identified through IPaC and CNDDB database searches as having 

potential to occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area. The tables provide information on 

habitat requirements and distribution to determine the likelihood that habitat for the species may be 

present within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area. The tables also identify those listed plant and 

wildlife species with designated critical habitat occurring within 1 mile of the Build Alternative Options 

route alternatives. 

5.3.2 Non-Listed Special-Status Plants and Wildlife

Table 5-6 and Table 5-7 list the 76 non-listed special-status plant and 51 non-listed special-status 

wildlife species identified through CNDDB and CNPS database searches as having potential to 

occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area. The tables provide information on species 

habitat requirements and distribution to determine the likelihood that the species would occur in the 

Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area.
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Table 5-4. Federally and State-Listed Plant Species with Potential to Occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All 

Build Alternative Options)

Scientific Name

Common 

Name CRPRa CESAa FESAa

Blooming 

Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Allium munzii Munz’s onion 1B.1 ST FE March–May Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, 

coastal scrub, 

pinyon and 

juniper 

woodland, 

valley and 

foothill 

grassland

Mesic, clay Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species is 

very limited within the study area. 

The study area is also outside of the 

known range for the species, which 

is restricted to clay soils 

approximately 5 miles south of the 

study area in the Temescal Valley.

Ambrosia pumila San Diego 

ambrosia

1B.1 None FE April–

October

Chaparral, 

coastal scrub, 

valley and 

foothill 

grassland, 

vernal pools

Sandy loam 

or clay, often 

in disturbed 

areas, 

sometimes 

alkaline

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species is

very limited within the study area. 

The study area is outside of the 

species’ current range. All other 

records occur approximately 12 

miles south of the study area in the 

Temescal Valley and San Diego 

County.
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Scientific Name

Common 

Name CRPRa CESAa FESAa

Blooming 

Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Arenaria paludicola marsh 

sandwort

1B.1 SE FE May–August Marshes and 

swamps 

(freshwater or 

brackish)

Sandy, 

openings

Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent

from the study area, based on 

available vegetation mapping.

Additionally, the only records of this 

species near the study area are 

from the late 1800s and early 

1900s. The only recent observations 

are outside of the study area near 

Pismo Beach, Santa Cruz, South 

San Francisco, and Mendocino 

County (one record). Therefore, the 

study area is outside of the species’ 

current range. 

Astragalus 

brauntonii

Braunton’s 

milk-vetch

1B.1 None FE January–

August

Chaparral, 

coastal scrub, 

valley and 

foothill 

grassland

Recent 

burns or 

disturbed 

areas, 

usually 

sandstone 

with 

carbonate 

layers

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species 

occurs within the study area. This 

species has been observed within 1 

mile of the study area in Orange 

County. 

Designated critical habitat adjacent 

to Program.
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Scientific Name

Common 

Name CRPRa CESAa FESAa

Blooming 

Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Astragalus 

lentiginosus var. 

coachellae

Coachella 

Valley 

milk-vetch

1B.2 None FE February–

May

Desert dunes, 

Sonoran desert 

scrub (sandy)

— Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species 

occurs within the study area. This 

species has been observed from 

within 1 mile of the study area in the 

Coachella Valley.

Designated critical habitat adjacent 

to Program.

Astragalus 

tricarinatus

triple-ribbed 

milk-vetch

1B.2 None FE February–

May

Joshua tree 

woodland, 

Sonoran desert 

scrub

Sandy or 

gravelly

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species 

occurs within the study area. This 

species has been observed from 

within 1 mile of the study area in the 

Coachella Valley.

Atriplex coronata

var. notatior

San Jacinto 

Valley 

crownscale

1B.1 None FE April–August Playas, valley 

and foothill 

grassland 

(mesic), vernal 

pools

Alkaline Not expected to occur.

This species is restricted to the 

seasonally flooded alkaline soils 

along the San Jacinto River Valley 

approximately 16 miles south of the 

study area. Therefore, the study 

area is outside of the species’ 

known range.
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Scientific Name

Common 

Name CRPRa CESAa FESAa

Blooming 

Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Berberis nevinii Nevin’s 

barberry

1B.1 SE FE (February) 

March–June

Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, 

coastal scrub, 

riparian scrub

Sandy or 

gravelly

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species 

occurs within the study area. This 

species has been observed within 1

mile of the study area in Riverside 

County.

Chloropyron 

maritimum ssp. 

maritimum

salt marsh 

bird’s-beak

1B.2 SE FE May–

October 

(November)

Coastal dunes, 

marshes, and 

swamps 

(coastal salt)

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent 

from the study area, based on 

available vegetation mapping.

Additionally, the only records for 

near the study area are from the 

early 1900s. Recent records are for 

approximately 15 miles south of the 

study area in the Newport Bay. 

Therefore, the study area is outside 

of the species’ current range.
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Scientific Name

Common 

Name CRPRa CESAa FESAa

Blooming 

Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Chorizanthe parryi

var. fernandina

San Fernando 

Valley 

spineflower

1B.1 SE FC April–July Coastal scrub 

(sandy), valley 

and foothill 

grassland

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species 

occurs within the study area; 

however, the only records of this 

species near the study area are 

from the early 1900s. All other 

records are for at least 30 miles

north of the study area near the 

Santa Clara River. Therefore, the 

study area is outside of the species’ 

current range.

Deinandra 

mohavensis

Mojave 

tarplant

1B.3 SE None (May) June–

October 

(January)

Chaparral, 

coastal scrub, 

Riparian scrub

Mesic Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species 

occurs within the study area; 

however, the study area is below 

the known elevation and 

geographical range for this species.

Specifically, records for this species 

are for outside of the study area 

approximately 7 miles south in the 

San Jacinto and Sierra Nevada 

Mountains.
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Scientific Name

Common 

Name CRPRa CESAa FESAa

Blooming 

Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Dodecahema 

leptoceras

slender-horned 

spineflower

1B.1 SE FE April–June Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, 

coastal scrub 

(alluvial fan)

Sandy Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species 

occurs within the study area; 

however, the only records of this 

species near the study area are 

from the early 1900s. All other 

records are for approximately 

13 miles north of the study area in 

the foothills of the Transverse and 

Peninsular Mountains and 

approximately 10 miles south of the 

study area in the Temescal Valley.

Therefore, the study area is outside 

of the species’ current range.

Eriastrum 

densifolium ssp.

sanctorum

Santa Ana 

River 

woollystar

1B.1 SE FE April–

September

Chaparral, 

coastal scrub 

(alluvial fan)

Sandy or 

gravelly

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species 

occurs within the study area. This 

species has been collected from 

within 1 mile of the study area in the 

San Bernardino Basin.
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Scientific Name

Common 

Name CRPRa CESAa FESAa

Blooming 

Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Nasturtium gambelii Gambel’s 

water cress

1B.1 ST FE April–

October

Marshes and 

swamps 

(freshwater or 

brackish)

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent 

from the study area, based on 

available vegetation mapping. The 

only records of this species near the 

study area are from the late 1800s 

and early 1900s. The only recent 

observations are recorded for 

outside of the study area at least 

130 miles north near Pismo Beach 

and Lompoc. Therefore, the study 

area is outside of the species’ 

current range.
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Scientific Name

Common 

Name CRPRa CESAa FESAa

Blooming 

Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Orcuttia californica California 

Orcutt grass

1B.1 SE FE April–August Vernal pools — Not expected to occur.

Appropriate vernal pool habitat 

could occur within the eastern 

portion of the study area. However, 

all CDFW records for this species 

are for 30 miles north of the study 

area in Los Angeles County and at 

least 15 miles south of the study 

area in Riverside and Orange 

Counties. Therefore, the study area 

is outside of the species’ known 

range.

Source: CDFW 2018

Notes:

a Explanation of state and federal listing codes:

Federal listing codes: 

FE=Federally Endangered Species

FC=Candidate for Federal Listing

California listing codes:

SE=State-listed Endangered Species

ST=State-listed Threatened Species

CRPR (CNPS Lists):

1B=rare or endangered in California and elsewhere
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Threat Ranks:

.1=seriously endangered in California

.2=fairly endangered in California

.3=Not very endangered in California

CESA=California Endangered Species Act; CRPR=California Rare Plant Rank; FESA=Federal Endangered Species Act
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Table 5-5. Federally and State-Listed Wildlife Species with Potential to Occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

(All Build Alternative Options)

Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

INVERTEBRATES

Casey’s June beetle

(Dinacoma caseyi)

FE Inhabit alluvial fan and river wash areas within 

Palm Springs and similar habitats south to the City 

of Indian Wells; generally associated with Palm 

Canyon Wash.

Not expected to occur. 

Study area is outside of the known range of 

the species.

Delhi sands flower-loving fly

(Rhaphiomidas terminates 

abdominalis)

FE Extant populations occur within an 8-mile radius 

that straddles I-10 near the Cities of Colton and 

Rialto. Occur on fine, sandy soils known as the 

Delhi series sand. Vegetation is sparse, generally

10 to 20 percent cover.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat may occur in the study area 

in and near the City of Colton.

Riverside fairy shrimp

(Streptocephalus woottoni)

FE Restricted to vernal pools and other non-vegetated 

ephemeral pools in inland areas of Riverside, 

Orange, and San Diego Counties.

Has potential to occur.

Suitable ephemeral pool habitat may occur 

within the study area in Riverside and 

Orange Counties.

San Diego fairy shrimp

(Branchinecta sandiegonensis)

FE Restricted to vernal pools in coastal Southern 

California. All known localities are below 2,300 

feet (700 meters) and are within 40 miles (64 

kilometers) of the Pacific Ocean.

Not expected to occur.

Study area is outside of the known range of 

the species.
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Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Vernal pool fairy shrimp

(Branchinecta lynchi)

FT Vernal pools; inhabit small, clear-water sandstone 

depression pools and grassed swale, earth slump, 

or basalt-flow depression pools. Primary 

constituent elements of critical habitat include 

complexes of swales and pools with intermittently 

or continuously flowing surface water, 

depressional features that become inundated by 

winter rains and continuously hold water for a 

minimum of 18 days, and sources of food and 

habitat structure within pools.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable ephemeral pool habitat may occur 

throughout the study area. Although the 

nearest records according to the Western 

Riverside MSHCP are for Santa Rosa 

Plateau, Skunk Hollow, and Salt Creek in 

West Hemet (all over 30 miles to the south of 

the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area), the 

species is widespread, though limited to 

restricted microhabitats, and, therefore,

could occur in the study area.

FISH

Desert pupfish

(Cyprinodon macularius)

FE

SE

In California, this species historically occurred in 

several springs, seeps, and slow-moving streams 

in the Salton Sink Basin, as well as in backwaters 

and sloughs along the lower Colorado River. 

Desert pupfish are now relegated to remnants of 

their former habitats, which generally are too 

harsh for most introduced species to exist. 

Has potential to occur. 

Known locality of the species occurs near 

portions of the Program Corridor in the Cities

of Bermuda Dunes and Palm Desert.
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Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Santa Ana sucker

(Catostomus santaanae)

FT Most abundant in unpolluted, clear water, at 

temperatures that are typically less than 720F 

(22°C). Optimal stream conditions include coarse 

substrates (e.g., gravel, cobble, and boulders), a 

combination of shallow riffle areas and deeper 

pools with algae present, and consistent flow. 

Adults prefer deeper water habitats, such as pools 

and runs, and utilize streams with gravelly 

substrates for spawning; juveniles occupy 

primarily riffle habitats. No fish have been found in 

streams with greater than 7 percent gradient. 

In-stream or bank habitat with riparian vegetation 

providing shade is important for larvae and 

juveniles. Tributary habitat inflows create refuge 

for larvae and juveniles.

Has potential to occur. 

Several drainages within the Santa Ana 

River watershed that are crossed by the 

Program Corridor provide potential habitat. 

Known occurrence where the Program 

Corridor crosses the Santa Ana River.

Designated critical habitat occurs in the 

Santa Ana River.
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Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

AMPHIBIANS

Arroyo toad 

(Anaxyrus californicus)

FE

SSC

Exposed shallow pools with a sand or gravel base 

are used for breeding. Breeding pools must occur 

in the vicinity of a braided sandy channel with 

shorelines or central bars made of stable, sandy 

terraces. Sandy terraces are utilized for foraging 

and aestivation. Upland habitat typically consist of 

riparian habitats of semi-arid areas with mature 

willow (Salix spp.) stands, cottonwoods (Populus

spp.), and western sycamore (Platanus 

racemose).

Not expected to occur. 

Although suitable stream habitat is present 

within the study area in Orange, Riverside, 

and western San Bernardino Counties, the 

nearest CNDDB record is 12 miles to the 

south of the study area in Orange County. 

Specifically, records occur within upper 

Santa Ana River (Cajon Wash) and lower 

Santa Ana River (Santiago and Silverado 

Creeks). Given the impediments to 

movement upstream (Prado Dam) and 

downstream (5 miles of concrete-lined 

channel surrounded by urban habitat), the 

species is not expected to occur within the 

Santa Ana River watershed within the study 

area. Similarly, records in upper Los Angeles 

River occur approximately 20 miles north of 

the study area within Devils Gate Reservoir 

lying between the occupied habitat and the 

study area. Therefore, arroyo toad is not 

expected within the study area.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

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Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

California red-legged frog

(Rana draytonii)

FT

SSC

California red-legged frogs use a variety of 

habitats, including aquatic, riparian, and upland 

habitat. Aquatic breeding habitat consists of 

low-gradient freshwater bodies, including natural 

and manmade ponds, backwaters within streams 

and creeks, marshes, lagoons, and dune ponds 

that hold water for a minimum of 20 weeks in all 

but the driest of years. It does not include deep 

lacustrine water habitat (e.g., deep lakes and 

reservoirs 50 acres or larger. California red-legged 

frogs may use uplands for moving to and from 

aquatic habitats during periods of wet weather or 

may seek out other aquatic habitats while ones 

they are in dry up. 

Has potential to occur.

Potential to occur where suitable habitat is 

present within Los Angeles, Orange, 

Riverside, and western San Bernardino 

Counties within the study area. Although the 

nearest CNDDB record is 20 miles to the 

north of the study area in West Fork City 

Creek, San Bernardino County, the Program 

Corridor falls within the historic range for the 

species.

Southern mountain yellow-legged 

frog

(Rana muscosa)

FE

SE

Habitat consists of rocky and shaded streams with 

boulders or vegetation to the water’s edge. This 

species is highly aquatic and rarely found more 

than 3 feet (1 meter) away from water. Found in 

creeks and streams with at least some portion with 

permanent water. Perennial flows are needed for 

reproduction, larval growth, and survival of 

juveniles and adults. The species is absent from 

the smallest creeks because they lack the depth 

for aquatic refuge and overwintering.

Not expected to occur. 

Study area is outside of the known range of 

the species.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

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Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

REPTILES

Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

(Uma inornata)

FT

SE

Restricted to sandy areas in the Coachella Valley 

of Riverside County. Occurs in sparsely vegetated 

dunes, washes, and flats with fine wind-blown 

sand.

Has potential to occur.

Known occurrences of the species from the 

Coachella Valley Preserve adjacent to the 

study area. Other potentially suitable habitat 

occurs in undeveloped areas with 

wind-blown sand in the vicinity of the 

Program Corridor. 

Designated critical habitat occurs in the 

Coachella Valley Preserve adjacent to the 

Program Corridor.

Desert tortoise

(Gopherus agasizzii)

FT

ST

Flats and slopes characterized by creosote bush 

(Larrea anadensis) and white bursage (Ambrosia 

dumosa) scrub at lower elevations to rocky slopes 

in blackbrush scrub and juniper woodland 

ecotones at higher elevations. Occurs most 

commonly on gently sloping terrain with 

sandy-gravel soils and with sparse cover of 

low-growing shrubs. Soils must be friable enough 

for digging burrows but firm enough so that 

burrows do not collapse.

Has potential to occur.

Potential habitat for the species occurs in 

undeveloped areas in the vicinity of the study 

area from San Gorgonio Pass east to 

Coachella. 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

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Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

BIRDS

Bald eagle

(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

F Delisted, 

BGEPA

SE, FP

Nests and roosts in coniferous forests generally 

within 1 mile (1.6 kilometer) of a lake, reservoir, 

stream, or the ocean.

Has potential to occur. 

Bald eagles have been observed nesting 

near the Santa Ana River. Suitable nesting 

habitat occurs along the Santa Ana River 

and along San Timoteo Creek.

Belding’s savanna sparrow

(Passerunculus sandwichensis 

beldingi)

SE Resident species that is restricted to coastal 

marshes dominated by pickleweed. 

Not expected to occur. 

Study area is outside of the known range of 

the species.

California black rail 

(Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus)

ST, FP Species occurs in saline, brackish areas along the 

California coast and in fresh emergent wetlands 

inland.

Not expected to occur. 

Study area is outside of the known range of 

the species.

California condor

(Gymnogyps californianus)

FE

SE, FP

Requires large blocks of open savanna, 

grasslands, and foothill chaparral with large trees, 

cliffs, and snags for roosting and nesting.

Not expected to occur.

Study area is outside of the known range of 

the species.

Coastal California gnatcatcher

(Polioptila californica californica)

FT

SSC

Prefer open scrubby habitats, such as coastal 

sage scrub and some forms of chaparral.

Has potential to occur. 

There are records for Coastal California 

gnatcatchers in several locations in or near 

the study area, including Timoteo Creek.

Designated critical habitat occurs in the 

vicinity of the Program Corridor in the hills 

near Loma Linda and Grand Terrance.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

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Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Least Bell’s vireo

(Vireo bellii pusillus)

FE

SE

Most commonly found in riparian thickets either 

near water or in dry portions of river bottoms; 

nests along margins of bushes and forages low to 

the ground; may also be found using mesquite and 

arrow weed in desert canyons.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable riparian habitat occurs in the study 

areas along San Timoteo Creek between 

Beaumont and Loma Linda, the Prado Flood 

Control Basin, and in the Santa Ana River 

downstream from Prado Dam. Least Bell’s 

vireos have been recorded nesting in these 

locations. 

Designated critical habitat occurs in the 

Santa Ana River basin downstream from 

Prado Dam.

Southwestern willow flycatcher

(Empidonax trallii extimus)

FE

SE

Breeds and forages in riparian woodlands along 

rivers, streams, or other wetlands. They usually 

nest near water or very saturated soil. 

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable riparian habitat occurs along 

Timoteo Creek, in the Prado Flood Control 

Basin, and in the Santa Ana River basin. 

Southwestern willow flycatcher have been 

observed at the Prado Flood Control Basin. 

Designated critical habitat occurs in portions 

of Timoteo Creek, Santa Ana River basin 

where the Program Corridor crosses the 

Santa Ana River, and the Prado Flood 

Control Basin. 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

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Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Swainson’s hawk 

(Buteo swainsoni)

ST Nests in larger trees adjacent to grasslands and 

agricultural fields. Cultivated lands attract this 

hawk in some areas, where the human 

disturbance of agriculture concentrate insects and 

rodents.

Has potential to occur (migration only). 

Species is not known to nest in vicinity of the 

study area. Individuals may forage and rest 

in vicinity of the Program Corridor during 

migration.

Tricolored blackbird 

(Agelais tricolor)

CT Breeds near fresh water, preferably in emergent 

wetland with tall, dense cattails or tules but also in 

thickets of willow, blackberry, wild rose, and tall 

herbs. Feeds in grassland and grain fields.

Has potential to occur. 

A colony of tricolored blackbirds has been 

observed in Timoteo Creek as recently as 

2013. Suitable riparian and wetland habitat 

occurs along portions along Timoteo Creek, 

in the Prado Flood Control Basin, and in the 

Santa Ana River Basin.

Western yellow-billed cuckoo

(Coccyzus americanus occidentalis)

FE

SE

Currently only a handful of small populations 

remaining in California. The species occurs in 

relatively broad, well-shaded riparian forests.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable riparian habitat occurs along 

portions along Timoteo Creek, in the Prado 

Flood Control Basin, and in the Santa Ana 

River basin. 

Designated critical habitat occurs in the 

Prado Flood Control Basin.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

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Common Name

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

MAMMALS

Peninsular bighorn sheep

(Ovis canadensis nelson pop. 2)

FE

ST, FP

Open slopes in hot and dry desert regions 

characterized by rough, rocky, sparsely vegetated 

habitats with steep slopes, canyons, and washes 

with adequate water supply.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat occurs in the vicinity of the 

study area where it traverses the San 

Gorgonio Pass. 

Designated critical habitat occurs at the base 

of San Jacinto Mountain just south of the 

study area.

San Bernardino kangaroo rat

(Dipodomys merriami parvus)

FE

SSC

Occurs in alluvial fan habitat with active low-flow 

channels braided throughout the habitat.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat occurs in the study areas 

where it crosses the Santa Ana River in the 

City of Colton. 

Designated critical habitat occurs in the 

Santa Ana River basin just upstream of 

where the Program Corridor crosses the 

Santa Ana River near Colton.

Stephen’s kangaroo rat

(Dipodomys stephensi)

FE

ST

Uses annual grasslands with sparse perennial 

vegetation.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat and known occurrences near 

the I-10 and Highway 60 interchange.

Notes:

STATUS - Federal

BGEPA = Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act

FE = Federally listed as Endangered 

FT = Federally listed as Threatened
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

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F Delisted = Federally Delisted

STATUS - State 

CT = candidate threatened 

FP = Fully Protected Species in California

SE = State listed as Endangered

SSC = Species of Special Concern in California

ST = State listed as Threatened 

CNDDB=California Natural Diversity Database; I=Interstate; MSHCP=Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

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Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

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Table 5-6. Non-Listed Special-Status Plant Species with Potential to Occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All 

Build Alternative Options)

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Abronia villosa var. 

aurita

chaparral 

sand-verbena

1B.1 (January) March–

September

Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, desert 

dunes

Sandy Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed from within 1 mile of the study area 

in Orange and San Bernardino Counties.

Acmispon haydonii pygmy lotus 1B.3 January–June Pinyon and 

juniper woodland, 

Sonoran desert 

scrub

Rocky Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the only records of 

this species near the study area are from the 

1930s. All other records are for at least 15 

miles from the study area in the Santa Rosa 

and Laguna mountains. Therefore, the study 

area is outside of the species’ current range.

Allium marvinii Yucaipa onion 1B.2 April–May Chaparral (clay, 

openings)

— Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed from within 1 mile of the study area 

in Riverside County. 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Ambrosia monogyra singlewhorl 

burrobrush

2B.2 August–

November

Chaparral, 

Sonoran desert 

scrub

Sandy Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the only records of 

this species near the study area are from the 

1920-30s. All other records are for at least 50 

miles south of the study area in San Diego 

County. Therefore, the study area is outside 

of the species’ current range.

Astragalus hornii

var. hornii

Horn’s milk-vetch 1B.1 May–October Meadows and 

seeps, playas

Lake 

margins, 

alkaline

Not expected to occur.

Appropriate alkaline habitat is absent from 

the study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. Additionally, the only records of this 

species near the study area are from the late 

1800s. The only recent observations are 

recorded for at least 90 miles north of the 

study area in the southern San Joaquin 

Valley. Therefore, the study area is outside of 

the species’ current range.
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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Astragalus 

pachypus var. 

jaegeri

Jaeger’s bush 

milk-vetch

1B.1 December–June Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub, valley and 

foothill grassland

Sandy or 

rocky

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the only records for 

this species near the study area are from the 

early 1900s, and the study area is 3 miles 

north of the current range of the species, as 

well as being located on the valley floor 

rather than foothills where almost all recent 

records occur. 

Astragalus preussii

var. laxiflorus

Lancaster 

milk-vetch

1B.1 March–May Chenopod scrub — Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

outside the known range for the species. The 

nearest recent record is for approximately 60 

miles north of the study area near Edwards 

Air Force Base.

Astragalus 

sabulonum

gravel milk-vetch 2B.2 February–June Desert dunes, 

Mojavean desert 

scrub, Sonoran 

desert scrub

Usually 

sandy, 

sometimes 

gravelly. 

Flats, 

washes, and 

roadsides

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the only records 

near the study area are from the 1900-30s. 

All other records are for the desert areas of 

Death Valley and approximately 10 miles 

south of the study area in lower Coachella 

Valley. Therefore, the study area is outside of

the species’ current range.
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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Atriplex coulteri Coulter’s 

saltbush

1B.2 March–October Coastal bluff 

scrub, coastal 

dunes, coastal 

scrub, valley and 

foothill grassland

Alkaline or 

clay

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, most records of this 

species are for areas that are closer to the 

coast and therefore outside of the study area 

and the nearest recent record is for 17 miles 

south of the study area in Newport Beach.

Atriplex parishii Parish’s 

brittlescale

1B.1 June–October Chenopod scrub, 

playas, vernal 

pools

Alkaline Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however the study area is 

outside of the known range for the species. 

The nearest recent record is for

approximately 30 miles south of the study 

area in the Temescal Valley.

Atriplex serenana

var. davidsonii

Davidson’s 

saltscale

1B.2 April–October Coastal bluff 

scrub, coastal 

scrub

Alkaline Not expected to occur.

Appropriate coastal bluff habitat is absent 

within the study area. Additionally, the only 

records of this species near the study area 

are from the late 1800s and early 1900s. The 

nearest recent record is for approximately 30

miles south of the study area in the Temescal 

Valley. Therefore, the study area is outside of 

the species’ current range.
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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Ayenia compacta California ayenia 2B.3 March–April Mojavean desert 

scrub, Sonoran 

desert scrub

Rocky Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the elevation of the 

study area is below the known elevation 

range for the species and the nearest recent 

record is for 10 miles south of the study area 

in the Santa Rosa Mountains. Therefore, the 

study area is outside of the species’ known 

range.

Baccharis 

malibuensis

Malibu baccharis 1B.1 August Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub, riparian 

woodland

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, this species is 

restricted to two small populations—one 

approximately 30 miles north of the study 

area in the Santa Monica Mountains and one 

approximately 5 miles south of the study area 

in the Santa Ana Mountains. Therefore, the 

study area is outside of the species’ known 

range. 
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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Calochortus palmeri

var. palmeri

Palmer’s 

mariposa lily

1B.2 April–July Chaparral, lower 

montane 

coniferous forest, 

meadows and 

seeps

Mesic Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the elevation of the 

study area is below the known elevation 

range for the species and the nearest recent 

record is for approximately 13 miles north of 

the study area in the San Gabriel Mountains.

Calochortus weedii

var. intermedius

intermediate 

mariposa lily

1B.2 May–July Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, valley and 

foothill grassland

Rocky, 

calcareous

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed within the study area near the 

Santa Ana River.

Calystegia felix lucky 

morning-glory

1B.1 March–September Meadows and 

seeps (sometimes 

alkaline), riparian 

scrub (alluvial)

Historically 

associated 

with wetland 

and marshy 

places, but 

possibly in 

drier 

situations, 

as well. 

Possibly silty 

loam and 

alkaline

Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. The study area occurs outside of 

the current range for the species based upon 

the nearest recent record being located 

approximately 9 miles north of the study area 

in Chino Hills. 
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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Carex comosa bristly sedge 2B.1 May–September Coastal prairie, 

marshes and 

swamps (lake 

margins), valley 

and foothill 

grassland

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. The only records of this species 

near the study area are from the late 1800s. 

The only recently recorded observations are 

in Central and Northern California. Therefore,

the study area is outside of the species’ 

current range.

Centromadia parryi

ssp. australis

southern tarplant 1B.1 May–November Marshes and 

swamps 

(margins), valley 

and foothill 

grassland 

(vernally mesic), 

vernal pools

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. Additionally, the nearest recent 

records are for approximately 3 miles south 

of the study area at Santiago Creek and 10 

miles east of the study area in Whittier 

Narrows. . Therefore, the study area is 

outside of the species’ current range.

Centromadia 

pungens ssp. laevis

smooth tarplant 1B.1 April–September Chenopod scrub, 

meadows and 

seeps, playas, 

riparian woodland, 

valley and foothill 

grassland

Alkaline Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

collected from within 1 mile of the study area 

in Riverside and San Bernardino Counties.
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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Chorizanthe parryi

var. parryi

Parry’s 

spineflower

1B.1 April–June Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub, valley and 

foothill grassland

Sandy or 

rocky, 

openings

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

collected from within 1 mile of the study area 

in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and 

Riverside Counties.

Chorizanthe 

polygonoides var. 

longispina

long-spined 

spineflower

1B.2 April–July Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, meadows 

and seeps, valley 

and foothill 

grassland, vernal 

pools

Often clay Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

outside of the known range of the species, 

based on nearest records for at least 6 miles

south of the study area in the Temescal 

Valley and San Diego County.

Chorizanthe xanti

var. leucotheca

white-bracted 

spineflower

1B.2 April–June Coastal scrub 

(alluvial fans), 

Mojavean desert 

scrub, pinyon and 

juniper woodland

Sandy or 

gravelly

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed from within 1 mile of the study area 

in the Coachella Valley.
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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Cuscuta obtusiflora

var. glandulosa

Peruvian dodder 2B.2 July–October Marshes and 

swamps 

(freshwater)

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. The only records of this species 

near the study area are from the late 1800s. 

The species was last seen in 1948 in Merced 

County outside the study area. Therefore, the 

study area is outside of the species’ current 

range.

Cylindropuntia 

californica var. 

californica

snake cholla 1B.1 April–May Chaparral, coastal 

scrub

— Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed within 1 mile of the study area in 

Orange County.

Ditaxis claryana glandular ditaxis 2B.2 December–March Mojavean desert 

scrub, Sonoran 

desert scrub

Sandy Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the only record for 

this species near the study area is from the 

early 1900s. The nearest recent records are 

located approximately 7 miles east of the 

study area in lower Coachella Valley and 

near the California-Arizona border.

Therefore, the study area is outside of the 

species’ current range.
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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Dudleya multicaulis many-stemmed 

dudleya

1B.2 April–July Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, valley and 

foothill grassland

Often clay Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed within 1 mile of the study area in 

the San Bernardino Basin.

Eremothera boothii

ssp. boothii

Booth’s 

evening-primrose

2B.3 April–September Joshua tree 

woodland, pinyon 

and juniper 

woodland

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate woodland habitat is absent from 

the study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. Additionally, the nearest record is 

for approximately 30 miles north of the study 

area near Victorville. Therefore, the study 

area is outside of the species’ known range.

Eriastrum harwoodii Harwood’s 

eriastrum

1B.2 March–June Desert dunes — Has potential to occur.

Appropriate dune habitat occurs in the 

Coachella Valley Preserve adjacent to the 

study area. Other potentially suitable habitat 

occurs in undeveloped areas with windblown 

sand in the vicinity of the study area.

Euphorbia 

abramsiana

Abrams’ spurge 2B.2 (August) 

September–

November

Mojavean desert 

scrub, Sonoran 

desert scrub

Sandy Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed within 1 mile of the study area near 

Bermuda Dunes in the southern Coachella 

Valley.
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Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Euphorbia arizonica Arizona spurge 2B.3 March–April Sonoran desert 

scrub (sandy)

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, the only record for 

this species near the study area is from 1930.

All other records are for at least 17 miles 

south in the lower Coachella Valley and 

Anza-Borrego State Park. Therefore, the 

study area is outside of the species’ current 

range.

Euphorbia misera cliff spurge 2B.2 December–

August (October)

Coastal bluff 

scrub, coastal 

scrub, Mojavean 

desert scrub

Rocky Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed within 1 mile of the study area in 

Whitewater Canyon in the northern Coachella 

Valley.

Euphorbia 

platysperma

flat-seeded 

spurge

1B.2 February–

September

Desert dunes, 

Sonoran desert 

scrub (sandy)

— Has potential to occur.

Appropriate dune habitat occurs in the 

Coachella Valley Preserve adjacent to the 

study area and this species was included on 

a checklist of that area in 1980. Other 

potentially suitable habitat occurs in 

undeveloped areas with windblown sand in 

the vicinity of the study area. The only 

records for this species near the study area 

are from the 1930s and 1960s.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-66

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Galium californicum

ssp. primum

Alvin Meadow 

bedstraw

1B.2 May–July Chaparral, lower 

montane 

coniferous forest

Granitic, 

sandy

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, the only record for 

this species near the study area is from the 

late 1800s. The nearest recent record occurs 

6 miles south of the study area on Mount San 

Jacinto. Therefore, the study area is outside 

of the species’ current range.

Helianthus nuttallii

ssp. parishii

Los Angeles 

sunflower

1A August–October Marshes and 

swamps (coastal 

salt and 

freshwater)

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. Additionally, the species was last 

observed in the vicinity of the study area in 

1937.

Hesperocyparis 

forbesii

Tecate cypress 1B.1 — Closed-cone 

coniferous forest, 

chaparral

Clay, 

gabbroic, or 

metavolcani

c

Not expected to occur.

Suitable vegetative cover for this species 

occurs within the study area; however, 

required soils do not.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-67

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Heuchera 

hirsutissima

shaggy-haired 

alumroot

1B.3 (May) June–July Subalpine 

coniferous forest, 

upper montane 

coniferous forest

Rocky, 

granitic

Not expected to occur.

Appropriate coniferous forest habitat is 

absent from the study area, based on 

available vegetation mapping. Also the study 

area is outside of the elevation and 

geographic range for this species based on 

the nearest recent record, which is located 

approximately 8 miles south of the study area 

in the San Jacinto Mountains.

Horkelia cuneata 

var. puberula

mesa horkelia 1B.1 February–July 

(September)

Chaparral 

(maritime), 

cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub

Sandy or 

gravelly

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, the only records 

near the study area are from the early 1900s. 

The nearest recent naturally occurring record 

of the species is approximately 12 miles 

north of the study area in the Los Angeles 

foothills. Therefore, the study area is outside 

of the species’ current range.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-68

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Imperata brevifolia California 

satintail

2B.1 September–May Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, Mojavean 

desert scrub, 

meadows and 

seeps (often 

alkali), riparian 

scrub

Mesic Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. Additionally, the only records near 

the study area are from the 1930s. The study 

area is outside of the species’ current range

based on the nearest recent record located

approximately 7 miles south of the study area 

in the Santa Rosa Mountains.

Lasthenia glabrata

ssp. coulteri

Coulter’s 

goldfields

1B.1 February–June Marshes and 

swamps (coastal 

salt), playas, 

vernal pools

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. The only records near the study 

area are from the 1930s. The nearest recent 

record is for approximately 15 miles south of 

the study area in the Perris Basin. Therefore,

the study area is outside of the species’ 

current range.

Lepechinia 

cardiophylla

heart-leaved 

pitcher sage

1B.2 April–July Closed-cone 

coniferous forest, 

chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the elevation of the 

study area is below the known elevation 

range for the species and the nearest recent 

record is approximately 5 miles south of the 

study area in the Santa Ana Mountains.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-69

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Lilium parryi lemon lily 1B.2 July–August Lower montane 

coniferous forest, 

meadows and 

seeps, riparian 

forest, upper 

montane 

coniferous forest

Mesic Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the elevation of the 

study area is below the known elevation 

range of the species and the nearest recent 

record is approximately 7 miles south of the 

study area in the San Jacinto Mountains.

Linanthus jaegeri San Jacinto 

linanthus

1B.2 July–September Subalpine 

coniferous forest, 

upper montane 

coniferous forest

Granitic, 

rocky

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the elevation of the 

study area is below the known elevation 

range for the species and the nearest recent 

record is for approximately 7 miles south of 

the study area in the San Jacinto Mountains.

Linanthus 

maculatus ssp. 

maculatus

Little San 

Bernardino Mtns. 

Linanthus

1B.2 March–May Desert dunes, 

Joshua tree 

woodland, 

Mojavean desert 

scrub, Sonoran 

desert scrub

Sandy Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed within 1 mile of the study area in 

the northern Coachella Valley.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-70

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Malacothamnus 

parishii

Parish’s 

bush-mallow

1A June–July Chaparral, coastal 

scrub

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, while this species is 

currently considered synonymous with 

Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Regents of the 

University of California 2018), the species as 

described in Munz (1959) is presumed 

extirpated in California (CNPS 2018). In 

addition, the species as originally described 

in Leaflets of Western Botany (Kearny 1951) 

is only known from the type collection made 

in 1895. Therefore, this species is not 

expected to occur.

Marina orcuttii var. 

orcuttii

California marina 1B.3 May–October Chaparral, pinyon 

and juniper 

woodland, 

Sonoran desert 

scrub

Rocky Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the elevation of the 

study area is below the known elevation 

range for the species.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-71

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Mentzelia tricuspis spiny-hair 

blazing star

2B.1 March–May Mojavean desert 

scrub

Sandy, 

gravelly, 

slopes, and 

washes

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, the only record for 

this species near the study area is from the 

late 1800s. All other records are for at least 

50 miles north of the study area near Barstow 

and Needles. Therefore, the study area is 

outside of the species’ current range.

Mentzelia tridentata creamy blazing 

star

1B.3 March–May Mojavean desert 

scrub

Rocky, 

gravelly, 

sandy

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

outside of the known range for the species.

All records occur at least 50 miles north of 

the study area near Barstow.

Monardella australis

ssp. jokerstii

Jokerst’s 

monardella

1B.1 July–September Chaparral, lower 

montane 

coniferous forest

Steep scree 

or talus 

slopes 

between 

breccia, 

secondary 

alluvial 

benches 

along 

drainages 

and washes.

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

outside of the known geographic and 

elevation range for the species. The species 

is only known from the San Gabriel 

Mountains, approximately 20 miles north of 

the study area.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-72

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Monardella 

hypoleuca ssp. 

intermedia

intermediate 

monardella

1B.3 April–September Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, lower 

montane 

coniferous forest 

(sometimes)

Usually 

understory

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

below the known geographic and elevation 

range for the species. 

Monardella pringlei Pringle’s 

monardella

1A May–June Coastal scrub 

(sandy)

— Not expected to occur.

Based on available vegetation mapping, 

appropriate coastal scrub habitat is absent 

from the study area within the current range 

of the species.

Nama stenocarpa mud nama 2B.2 January–July Marshes and 

swamps (lake 

margins, 

riverbanks)

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. The nearest recent record is for 

approximately 15 miles south of the study 

area in the Perris Basin.

Navarretia prostrata prostrate vernal 

pool navarretia

1B.1 April–July Coastal scrub, 

meadows and 

seeps, valley and 

foothill grassland 

(alkaline), vernal 

pools

Mesic Not expected to occur.

Appropriate mesic habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. The nearest recent record is for 

approximately 12 miles south of the study 

area in Costa Mesa. Therefore, the study 

area is outside of the species’ known range.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-73

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Nemacaulis 

denudata var. 

gracilis

slender 

cottonheads

2B.2 (March) April–May Coastal dunes, 

desert dunes, 

Sonoran desert 

scrub

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, records for this 

species near the study area are from the 

early 1900s. The nearest recent record is for 

approximately 80 miles east near Rice. 

Therefore, the study area is outside of the 

species’ current range.

Nolina cismontana chaparral nolina 1B.2 (March) May–July Chaparral, coastal 

scrub

Sandstone 

or gabbro

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, the only records of 

this species near the study area are from the 

early 1900s. Additionally, nearby records in 

the Santa Ana Mountains only occur at 

higher elevations than the study area. 

Therefore, the study area is outside of the 

regional elevation range for the species. 

Penstemon 

californicus

California 

beardtongue

1B.2 May–June 

(August)

Chaparral, lower 

montane 

coniferous forest, 

pinyon and juniper 

woodland

Sandy Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

below the known elevation range for the 

species and outside of its known geographic 

range (San Jacinto Mountains, approximately 

20 miles south of the study area).
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-74

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Penstemon 

pseudospectabilis

ssp. 

pseudospectabilis

desert 

beardtongue

2B.2 January–May Mojavean desert 

scrub, Sonoran 

desert scrub

Often sandy 

washes, 

sometimes 

rocky

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

outside the known range for the species. The 

nearest record is for approximately 40 miles 

east near Desert Center.

Pentachaeta aurea

ssp. allenii

Allen’s 

pentachaeta

1B.1 March–June Coastal scrub 

(openings), valley 

and foothill 

grassland

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

north of the known range for the species.

Petalonyx linearis narrow-leaf 

sandpaper-plant

2B.3 (January–

February) March–

May (June–

December)

Mojavean desert 

scrub, Sonoran 

desert scrub

Sandy or 

rocky 

canyons

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, the only record of 

this species near the study area is from the 

late 1800s. The nearest recent record is 

approximately 8 miles northeast in Joshua 

Tree National Park. Therefore, the study area 

is outside of the species’ current range. 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-75

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Phacelia keckii Santiago Peak 

phacelia

1B.3 May–June Closed-cone 

coniferous forest, 

Chaparral

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the species is 

restricted to two small populations at least 13 

miles south in the Santa Ana and Palomar 

mountains. Therefore, the study area is 

outside of the species’ known range.

Phacelia stellaris Brand’s star 

phacelia

1B.1 March–June Coastal dunes, 

coastal scrub

— Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed from within 1.5 mile of the study 

area near the Santa Ana River.

Pseudognaphalium 

leucocephalum

white 

rabbit-tobacco

2B.2 (July) August–

November 

(December)

Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub, riparian 

woodland

Sandy, 

gravelly

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, the only record of 

this species near the study area is from 1928. 

The study area is outside the known current 

range of the species. All recent records are 

for approximately 30 miles north of the study 

area in Los Angeles County and at least 6 

miles south of the study area in the Temescal 

Valley and San Joaquin Hills.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-76

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Pseudorontium 

cyathiferum

Deep Canyon 

snapdragon

2B.3 February–April Sonoran desert 

scrub (rocky)

— Not expected to occur.

Study area is outside of the known range for

the species. Only known from Deep Canyon 

southwest of Coachella.

Ribes divaricatum

var. parishii

Parish’s 

gooseberry

1A February–April Riparian 

woodland

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, the study area is 

south of the known range for the species and 

the only records for this species near the 

study area are from the early 1900s. The 

species is known from fewer than five 

historical occurrences and, is unlikely to be 

found in the study area due to a combination 

of dry years and altered stream flow.

Saltugilia latimeri Latimer’s 

woodland-gilia

1B.2 March–June Chaparral, 

Mojavean desert 

scrub, pinyon and 

juniper woodland

Rocky or 

sandy, often 

granitic, 

sometimes 

washes

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. This species has been 

observed from within 1 mile of the study area 

in northern Coachella Valley.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-77

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Selaginella 

eremophila

desert 

spike-moss

2B.2 (May) June (July) Chaparral, 

Sonoran desert 

scrub (gravelly or 

rocky)

— Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, the only record of 

this species near the study area is from the 

early 1900s. The study area is outside the 

known current range of the species. The 

nearest recent record is for 5 miles north of 

the study area in Desert Hot Springs.

Senecio aphanactis chaparral 

ragwort

2B.2 January–April 

(May)

Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub

Sometimes 

alkaline

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

outside the known range of the species. The 

nearest recent record is for approximately 4 

miles east of the study area in the Box 

Springs Mountain Reserve Park.

Sidalcea 

neomexicana

salt spring 

checkerbloom

2B.2 March–June Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, lower 

montane 

coniferous forest, 

Mojavean desert 

scrub, playas

Alkaline, 

mesic

Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area. However, all records for this 

species in the study area are from the early 

1900s. The nearest recent record is for 

approximately 30 miles north in the Lucerne 

Valley. Therefore, the study area is outside 

the species’ current range.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-78

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Sphenopholis 

obtusata

prairie wedge 

grass

2B.2 April–July Cismontane 

woodland, 

meadows and 

seeps

Mesic Not expected to occur.

Appropriate mesic habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. Additionally, the only record for this 

species in the study area is from the early 

1900s. The nearest recent record is for 

approximately 35 miles south in San Diego 

County. Therefore, the study area is outside 

the species’ current range.

Stemodia 

durantifolia

purple stemodia 2B.1 (January) April, 

June, August, 

September, 

October, 

December

Sonoran desert 

scrub (often 

mesic, sandy)

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

outside of the known range for the species.

The nearest recent record is for 

approximately 65 miles south in San Diego 

County.

Streptanthus 

campestris

southern 

jewelflower

1B.3 (April) May–July Chaparral, lower 

montane 

coniferous forest, 

pinyon and juniper 

woodland

Rocky Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the elevation of the 

study area is below the known elevation 

range for the species and the nearest record 

is for approximately 13 miles west in the 

Santa Rosa Mountains.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-79

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Suaeda esteroa estuary seablite 1B.2 (May) July–

October (January)

Marshes and 

swamps (coastal 

salt)

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate coastal marsh habitat is absent 

from the study area, based on available 

vegetation mapping. Additionally, recent 

records are approximately 15 miles from the 

study area in the Newport Bay. Therefore, 

the study area is outside the species’ current 

range.

Symphyotrichum 

defoliatum

San Bernardino 

aster

1B.2 July–November Cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub, lower 

montane 

coniferous forest, 

meadows and 

seeps, marshes 

and swamps, 

valley and foothill 

grassland 

(vernally mesic)

Near 

ditches, 

streams, 

springs

Not expected to occur.

Appropriate mesic habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. Additionally, the nearest recent 

record is for approximately 15 miles south 

near San Jacinto Mountain. Therefore, the 

study area is outside the species’ current 

range.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-80

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Symphyotrichum 

greatae

Greata’s aster 1B.3 June–October Broadleafed 

upland forest, 

chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, lower 

montane 

coniferous forest, 

riparian woodland

Mesic Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the species is 

restricted to the San Gabriel Mountains, 

approximately 10 miles north of the study 

area.

Thelypteris puberula

var. sonorensis

Sonoran maiden 

fern

2B.2 January–

September

Meadows and 

seeps (seeps and 

streams)

— Not expected to occur.

Appropriate mesic habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. The nearest record is for 

approximately 7 miles west in the Santa 

Rosa Mountains. Therefore, the study area is 

outside the species’ known range.

Trichocoronis 

wrightii var. wrightii

Wright’s 

trichocoronis

2B.1 May–September Meadows and 

seeps, marshes 

and swamps, 

riparian forest, 

vernal pools

Alkaline Not expected to occur.

Appropriate marsh habitat is absent from the 

study area, based on available vegetation 

mapping. The nearest record is for 

approximately 10 miles south in the Perris 

Basin. Therefore, the study area is outside 

the species’ known range.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-81

Scientific Name Common Name CRPRa Blooming Period Habitat

Micro 

Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Xylorhiza cognata Mecca-aster 1B.2 January–June Sonoran desert 

scrub

— Not expected to occur.

Suitable habitat for this species occurs within 

the study area; however, the study area is 

outside the known range for the species. The 

nearest record is for 6 miles east in the Indio 

Hills.

Notes:

a Explanation of listing codes:

CRPR; CNPS Lists:

1A = Presumed extirpated in California, rare or extinct elsewhere

1B = Rare or endangered in California and elsewhere

2B = Rare or endangered in California, more common elsewhere

Threat Ranks = .1 – seriously endangered in California, .2 – fairly endangered in California, .3 – Not very endangered in California

CRPR=California Rare Plant Rank

EIR=environmental impact report; EIS=environmental impact statement
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-82

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Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-83

Table 5-7. Non-Listed Special-Status Wildlife Species with Potential to Occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

(All Build Alternative Options)

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

FISH

Arroyo chub

(Gila orcuttii)

SSC The species inhabits slow moving reaches and backwaters of 

cool to warm water streams (50-74°F). They are commonly 

found over sand and silt substrates and are known to be able 

to tolerate hypoxic conditions and elevated temperatures 

typical of Southern California stream habitats.

Has potential to occur. 

Several of the drainages west of Beaumont 

that are crossed by the Program Corridor 

provide potential habitat.

Santa Ana speckled 

dace

(Rhinichthys osculus)

SSC The species inhabits shallow riffles of cool perennial stream 

habitats and prefers cobble substrates. In streams where riffles 

are interspersed with run and pool habitats, the species will 

concentrate in the riffle habitat.

Has potential to occur.

Several of the drainages west of Beaumont 

that are crossed by the Program Corridor 

provide potential habitat.

AMPHIBIANS

Coast Range newt

(Taricha torosa)

SSC Occurs from near seal level to around 6,000 feet (1,830 

meters). Frequents terrestrial habitats near suitable breeding 

habitat. Breeds in ponds, reservoirs, and slow-moving streams

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat occurs along Timoteo Creek 

and in the Santa Ana River basin.

Northern leopard frog

(Lithobates pipiens)

SSC (native 

populations only)

Permanent aquatic habitat, such as creeks, wet meadows, and 

ponds with emergent and submergent vegetation for breeding 

and overwintering. Nearby dense grass or forb- dominated 

habitats with moist soil for foraging.

Not expected to occur.

Study area is outside of the known range of 

the species.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-84

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Western spadefoot

(Spea hammondii)

SSC Species is found in grassland and valley-foothill woodlands. 

Essential breeding habitat includes temporary rainpools that 

last at least 3 weeks with water temperatures between 48°F to 

<86°F (9°C to < 30°C).

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat occurs along Timoteo 

Creek, in the Santa Ana River basin, in 

drainages between Banning and Beaumont 

and non-urban areas where seasonal ponds 

are present.

REPTILES

California glossy snake

(Arizona elegans 

occidentalis)

SSC Prefers open areas in a variety of habitats, including light 

shrubby to barren desert scrub, grassland, chaparral, 

cismontane, and coastal sage scrub. The species is active 

mostly at night and remains underground during the day.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat occurs in non-urban areas 

near Beaumont, Cabazon, and Whitewater 

River, western Riverside County, and 

Orange County.

Coast horned lizard

(Phrynosoma blainvillii)

SSC Grasslands, brushlands, woodlands, and open coniferous 

forest with sandy or loose soil; requires abundant ant colonies 

for foraging. Dietary specialists dependent on ants, as well as 

beetles and other seasonally abundant insects. Forages on the 

ground in open areas, usually between shrubs and often near 

an ant nest.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat for the species occurs in 

non-urban areas west of Banning.

Coast patched-nosed 

snake

(Salvadora hexalepis 

virgultea)

SSC Inhabits semi-arid brushy areas and chaparral in canyons, 

rocky hillsides, and grasslands.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat for the species occurs in 

non-urban areas west of Beaumont. 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-85

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Coastal whiptail

(Aspidoscelis tigris 

stejnegeri)

SSC Found in a variety of habitats, including coastal sage scrub, 

chaparral, riparian, oak woodlands, and rocky areas up to 

5,000 feet (1,500 meters). Occurs primarily in areas with 

habitats with sandy or gravel soils and is often associated with 

washes. Not found in areas where the habitat has been 

fragmented by roads and development.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat for the species occurs in 

non-urban areas west of Beaumont.

Flat-tailed horned lizard

(Phrynosoma mcallii)

SSC Typically occurs in sandy desert flats with sparse desert 

vegetation. Most common in areas with a high density of 

harvester ants and fine windblown sand. Rarely occur in dune 

habitat.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat occurs in the Coachella 

Preserve. Other potentially suitable habitat 

occurs in undeveloped areas with 

wind-blown sand in the San Gorgonio Pass 

and Coachella Valley.

Red diamond 

rattlesnake

(Crotalus ruber)

SSC Occurs from sea level to 3,000 feet (914 meters) in chaparral, 

woodland, and arid desert habitats with rocky areas and dense 

vegetation.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat for the species occurs in 

non-urban areas west of San Gorgonio 

Pass.

San Diego banded 

gecko

(Coleonyx variegatus 

abbottii)

SSC Prefers rocky areas in coastal sage scrub and chaparral 

habitats.

Not expected to occur.

Study area is outside of the known range of 

the species.

San Diego mountain 

kingsnake

(Lampropeltis zonata 

pulchra)

SSC Occurs in diverse habitats including coniferous forest, oak-pine 

woodlands, riparian woodland, chaparral, manzanita, and 

coastal sage scrub.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat is present in the Santa Ana 

Mountains. 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-86

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Southern California 

legless lizard

(Anniella stebbinsi)

SSC Occurs in sparsely vegetated areas of beach dunes, chaparral, 

pine-oak woodlands, desert scrub, sandy washes, and stream 

terraces with sycamores, cottonwoods, or oaks. Leaf litter 

under trees and bushes in sunny areas often indicate suitable 

habitat.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat is present in Santa Ana 

River basin and San Timoteo Creek channel.

Two-striped garter 

snake

(Thamnophis 

hammondii)

SSC Inhabits perennial and intermittent streams with rocky beds 

and bordered by willow thickets or other dense vegetation.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat is present in Santa Ana 

River basin and San Timoteo Creek channel.

Western pond turtle

(Emys marmorata)

SSC Requires slack- or slow-water aquatic habitat, as well as aerial 

and aquatic basking sites. Also requires suitable upland 

oviposition habitat, generally on an unshaded slope with clay 

soils, in the vicinity of aquatic habitat.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat is present in Santa Ana 

River basin and San Timoteo Creek channel.

BIRDS

American peregrine 

falcon

(Falco peregrinus 

anatum)

F Delisted

S Delisted

FP

Nests on cliff ledges or on tall building or bridges. Will forage 

over a wide variety of habitats.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nesting habitat is not anticipated in 

the study area. Species can forage 

throughout study area. 

Black swift 

(Cypseloides niger)

SSC Nests behind or next to permanent or semipermanent 

waterfalls or vertical cliffs near water.

Not expected to occur.

Suitable nesting habitat does not occur in 

study area.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-87

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Coastal cactus wren 

(Campylorhynchus 

brunneicapillus 

sandiegensis)

SSC Cactus thickets of Opuntia or Cylindropuntia species, 

preferably over 3 feet (1 meter) tall. 

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nesting habitat in chaparral and 

coastal sage scrub habitats in western 

Riverside County and Orange County.

Ferruginous hawk

(Buteo regalis)

SSC Not known to nest in California. Winters in areas with open 

terrain in plains and foothills where ground squirrels and other 

prey are available.

Has potential to occur (winter and 

migration only).

Species does not nest in California. May 

forage in agricultural and grassland fields in 

study area during winter months and during 

migration.

Golden eagle

(Aquila chrysaetos)

BGEPA 

FP

Nests on cliff ledges or large trees in open areas. Forages in 

grasslands, sage scrub, open chaparral, and open woodlands.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nest habitat occurs along Timoteo 

Creek and in the Santa Ana River basin.

Grasshopper sparrow 

(Ammodramus 

savannarum 

perpallidus)

SSC Occurs in dry, dense grasslands, especially those with a 

variety of grasses and tall forbs and scattered shrubs for 

singing perches. Nests in slight depressions in dense 

grasslands.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nest habitat in grassland, alfalfa 

fields, and weedy fallow fields in western 

Riverside County and Orange County.

Least bittern 

(Ixobrychus exilis)

SSC Occurs in freshwater or brackish marshes with tall emergent 

vegetation.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nest habitat occurs along Timoteo 

Creek and in the Santa Ana River basin.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-88

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Loggerhead shrike

(Lanius ludovicianus)

SSC Found near grassland, open sage scrub and chaparral, and 

desert scrub. Nests in dense vegetation adjacent to its open 

foraging habitats.

Has potential to occur. 

Species has potential to nest throughout 

study area in non-urban areas.

Long-eared owl 

(Asio otus)

SSC Scattered breeding populations along the coast and in 

southeastern California. Winters throughout the Central Valley 

and southeastern California. Nests in abandoned crow or hawk 

nests, usually in dense riparian stands of willows, 

cottonwoods, live oaks, or conifers.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nest habitat occurs along Timoteo 

Creek and in the Santa Ana River basin.

Northern harrier

(Circus hudsonius)

SSC Grasslands and marshes. Nests are on the ground and 

typically concealed within a marsh or other dense, low-growing 

vegetation. Forages in grasslands, wetlands, and other open 

areas with abundant rodent populations.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nest habitat occurs along Timoteo 

Creek and in the Santa Ana River basin.

Purple martin

(Progne subis)

SSC Nests in abandoned woodpecker holes in oaks, cottonwoods, 

and other deciduous trees in a variety of wooded and riparian 

habitats. Also nests in vertical drainage holes under elevated 

freeways and highway bridges.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nest habitat occurs along Timoteo 

Creek and in the Santa Ana River basin.

Western burrowing owl

(Athene cunicularia)

SSC Burrowing owls inhabit grasslands, lowland scrub, desert 

scrub, agricultural lands, and open developed areas, such as 

urban parks. They require large open expanses of sparsely 

vegetated areas on gently rolling or level terrain with an 

abundance of active small mammal burrows. They use rodent 

or other burrows for roosting and nesting cover. Will use pipes, 

culverts, and other man-made burrows where natural burrows 

are scarce.

Has potential to occur. 

Open areas within study area with suitable 

natural and artificial burrows provide 

potential nest habitat.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-89

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

White-tailed kite

(Elanus leucarus)

FP Nests in large trees adjacent to open areas. Forages in 

grasslands and other open habitats.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nest habitat occurs along Timoteo 

Creek and in the Santa Ana River basin.

Yellow rail

(Coturnicops 

noveboracensis)

SSC Winter records along the coast from Humboldt County to 

Orange County. Utilizes grassy marshes and wet meadows, 

building well-concealed firm grass cup nests. Especially 

secretive and seldom seen.

Has potential to occur. 

Species is no longer known to nest in 

Southern California. The species has 

potential to forage opportunistically within 

suitable habitat within the study area during 

migration.

Yellow warbler 

(Setophaga petechial)

SSC Nests in riparian areas dominated by willows, cottonwoods, 

sycamores, or alders or in mature chaparral; may also use 

oaks and urban areas near stream courses.

Has potential to occur.

Suitable nest habitat occurs along Timoteo 

Creek and in the Santa Ana River basin.

Yellow-breasted chat

(Icteria virens)

SSC Nests in dense riparian thickets of willow and other brushy 

tangles, including briars and stream thickets near 

watercourses.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable nest habitat occurs along Timoteo 

Creek and in the Santa Ana River basin.

MAMMALS

American badger

(Taxidea taxus)

SSC Inhabits a diversity of habitats with principal requirements of 

sufficient food, friable soils, and relatively open, uncultivated 

ground. Grasslands, savannas, and mountain meadows and 

desert scrub.

Has potential to occur. 

Non-urban areas throughout study area 

provide suitable habitat.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-90

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Big free-tailed Bat

(Nyctinomops macrotis)

SSC Inhabits arid, rocky areas; roosts in crevices in cliffs. Species is 

rare in California.

Has potential to occur. 

Potentially suitable roosting habitat in the 

study area occurs in rocky/cliff areas in the 

vicinity of the San Gorgonio Pass. Suitable 

roost habitat in the remaining portion of the 

study area is expected to be limited.

Desert bighorn sheep

(Ovis canadensis 

nelsoni)

FP Generally occurs in areas with steep slopes with abundant 

rock outcrops and sparse shrubs for escape terrain. 

Escarpment chaparral with ceanothus, mountain mahogany 

associations for foraging. Range is 3,000–10,000 feet (914–

3,048 meters).

Has potential to occur.

Has potential to occur in the mountain areas 

adjacent to the San Gorgonio Pass area.

Dulzura pocket mouse

(Chaetodipus 

californicus femoralis)

SSC Coastal and montane regions in grassland, sage scrub, and 

chaparral slopes.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat in chaparral, grassland, and 

coastal sage scrub habitats in western 

Riverside County and Orange County.

Los Angeles pocket 

mouse

(Perognathus 

longimembris 

brevinasus)

SSC Lower elevation grassland and coastal sage communities with 

sandy soils.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat in chaparral, grassland, and 

coastal sage scrub habitats in western 

Riverside County and Orange County.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-91

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Mexican long-tongued 

bat 

(Choeronycteris 

mexicana )

SSC Species utilizes caves, mines, and buildings as roosts and 

nursery sites; feeds in desert habitats where nectar and pollen 

are available.

Has potential to occur. 

Potentially suitable roosting habitat in the 

study area occurs in rocky/cliff areas in the 

vicinity of the San Gorgonio Pass. Suitable 

roost habitat in the remaining portion of the 

study area is expected to be limited.

Northwestern San 

Diego pocket mouse

(Chaetodipus fallax 

fallax)

SSC Occurs in arid coastal and desert habitats, including coastal 

scrub, chaparral, chamise-redshank, desert scrub, 

pinyon-juniper, and annual grassland.

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat in chaparral, grassland, and 

coastal sage scrub habitats in western 

Riverside County, Orange County, and 

desert areas east of Beaumont.

Pallid bat

(Antrozous pallidus)

SSC Species is found from coast to mixed conifer forest; 

grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, and forest; most common 

in open, dry habitats with rocky areas for roosting; yearlong 

resident in most of range. Roosts in rock crevices, caves, mine 

shafts, under bridges, in buildings and tree hollows.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable roost habitat occurs in San Timoteo 

Creek basin, Santa Ana River basin, and 

open areas in Riverside County and Orange 

County.

Pallid San Diego pocket 

mouse

(Chaetodipus fallax 

pallidus)

SSC Occurs in arid coastal and desert habitats, including coastal 

scrub, chaparral, chamise-redshank, desert scrub, 

pinyon-juniper, and annual grassland.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat in chaparral, grassland, and 

coastal sage scrub habitats in western 

Riverside County and Orange County and 

desert areas east of Beaumont.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-92

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Palm Springs pocket 

mouse

(Perognathus 

longimembris bangsi)

SSC Occurs in the Coachella Valley in desert habitats, including 

creosote scrub, desert scrub, and grasslands with loosely 

packed or sandy soils with sparse to moderate vegetative 

cover.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat occurs in sandy areas 

between San Gorgonio Pass and Coachella.

Palm Springs 

round-tailed ground 

squirrel

(Xerospermophilus 

tereticaudu chlorus)

SSC Restricted to the Coachella Valley, Riverside County. Found in 

a variety of desert habitats with relatively open sandy soils, 

including creosote scrub, desert wash, desert scrub, and 

levees of canals. 

Has potential to occur.

Suitable habitat occurs in sandy areas 

between San Gorgonio Pass and Coachella.

Pocketed free-tailed bat

(Nyctinomops 

femorosaccus)

SSC Occurs in desert scrub, desert riparian, chaparral, and pine 

oak forests. Roosts in rocky crevices.

Has potential to occur. 

Potentially suitable roosting habitat in the 

study area occurs in rocky/cliff areas in the 

vicinity of the San Gorgonio Pass. Suitable 

roost habitat in the remaining portion of the 

study area is expected to be limited.

San Diego black-tailed 

jackrabbit

(Lepus californicus 

bennettii)

SSC Mostly found on the coastal side of mountains in open habitats, 

usually avoiding dense stands of chaparral or woodlands.

Has potential to occur. 

Non-urban areas throughout study area 

provide suitable habitat.

San Diego desert 

woodrat

(Neotoma lepida 

intermedia)

SSC Occurs in a variety of shrub and desert habitats primarily 

associated with rock outcroppings, boulders, cacti, or areas of 

dense undergrowth.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat in chaparral, grassland, and 

coastal sage scrub habitats in western 

Riverside County, Orange County, and 

desert areas east of Beaumont.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-93

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Southern grasshopper 

mouse

(Onychomys torridus 

ramona)

SSC Inhabits grasslands, sparse coastal sage scrub, and chaparral 

habitats.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable habitat in chaparral, grassland, and 

coastal sage scrub habitats in western 

Riverside County, Orange County, and 

desert areas east of Beaumont.

Townsend’s big-eared 

bat

(Corynorhinus 

townsendii)

SSC The species is found in a variety of habitats throughout 

California where appropriate roosting habitat exists. Primarily 

roosts in caves and cavern-like spaces; also in abandoned 

buildings, mines, culverts, box-like spaces in bridges and other 

structures, and large hollows in trees. Very sensitive to human 

disturbances.

Has potential to occur. 

Potentially suitable roosting habitat in the 

study area occurs in rocky/cliff areas in the 

vicinity of the San Gorgonio Pass. Suitable 

roost habitat in the remaining portion of the 

study area is expected to be limited.

Western mastiff bat

(Eumops perotis 

californicus)

SSC Primarily a cliff-dwelling species for breeding. Found foraging 

in a variety of habitats, from dry desert washes, flood plains, 

chaparral, oak woodland, open ponderosa pine forest, 

grassland, montane meadows, and agricultural areas. 

Has potential to occur. 

Potentially suitable roosting habitat in the 

study area occurs in rocky/cliff areas in the 

vicinity of the San Gorgonio Pass. Suitable 

roost habitat in the remaining portion of the 

study area is expected to be limited. 

Western red bat

(Lasiurus blossevillii)

SSC Usually among dense foliage, in forests and wooded areas, 

making long migrations from the northern latitudes to warmer 

climes for winter, sometimes hibernates in tree hollows or 

woodpecker holes.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable riparian roosting habitat occurs 

along Timoteo Creek and in the Santa Ana 

River basin.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-94

Common Name 

(Scientific Name)

Federal and 

State Status Habitat

Potential to Occur within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

Western yellow bat

(Lasiurus xanthinus

SSC Roosting habitat mostly associated desert riparian habitats, 

palm oasis, and urban areas with palm groves.

Has potential to occur. 

Suitable roost habitat in the study area along 

Timoteo Creek, in the Santa Ana River 

basin, and where palm trees are present.

Notes:

STATUS - Federal

BGEPA=Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act

F Delisted=Federally Delisted

STATUS - State 

FP=Fully Protected Species in California

SSC=Species of Special Concern in California

S Delisted=State Delisted

EIR=environmental impact report; EIS=environmental impact statement
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-95

Table 5-8 presents the special-status plant and wildlife species that have moderate to high potential 

to occur within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area, based on species’ range information, habitat 

requirements, and vegetation communities present. Of the 91 special-status plants identified in the 

database searches, 12 were determined to have potential to occur in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR 

Study Area; of the 80 special-status wildlife species, 62 were determined to have potential to occur 

in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area. 

Table 5-8. Special-Status Plants and Wildlife with Potential to Occur in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative Options)

Species Status

Location of Potential 

to Occur in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area

PLANTS

Abrams’ spurge 

(Euphorbia abramsiana)

CRPR 2B.2 Eastern Section

Brand’s star phacelia 

(Phacelia stellaris)

CRPR 1B.1 Western Section

Braunton’s milk-vetch

(Astragalus brauntonii)

FE, CRPR 1B.1 Western Section

Chaparral sand-verbena

(Abronia villosa var. aurita)

CRPR 1B.1 Western and Eastern Sections

Cliff spurge 

(Euphorbia misera)

CRPR 2B.2 Eastern Section

Coachella Valley milk-vetch

(Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae)

FE, CRPR 1B.2 Eastern Section 

Flat-seeded surge (

Euphorbia platysperma)

CRPR 1B.2 Eastern Section

Harwood’s eriastrum 

(Eriastrum harwoodii)

CRPR 1B.2 Eastern Section

Intermediate Mariposa lily

(Calochortus weedii var. intermedius)

CRPR 1B.2 Western Section

Little San Bernardino Mtns. Linanthus

(Linanthus maculatus ssp. maculatus)

CRPR 1B.2 Eastern Section

Many-stemmed dudleya 

(Dudleya multicaulis)

CRPR 1B.2 Eastern Section
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Species Status

Location of Potential 

to Occur in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area

Nevin’s barberry

(Berberis nevinii)

FE, SE/CRPR 1B.1 Western and Eastern Sections

Parry’s spineflower

(Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi)

CRPR 1B.1 Western and Eastern Sections

Purple stemodia

(Stemodia durantifolia)

CRPR 2B.1 Eastern Section

Santa Ana River woollystar

(Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum)

FE, SE/CRPR 1B.1 Western and Eastern Sections

Smooth tarplant

(Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis)

CRPR 1B.1 Western and Eastern Sections

Snake cholla 

(Cylindropuntia californica var. californica)

CRPR 1B.2 Western Section

Three-ribbed milk-vetch

(Astragalus tricarinatus)

FE, CRPR 1B.2 Eastern Section

White-bracted spineflower 

(Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca)

CRPR 1B.2 Eastern Section

Yucaipa onion 

(Allium marvinii)

CRPR 1B.2 Eastern Section

INVERTEBRATES

Delhi Sands flower-loving fly

(Rhaphiomidas terminates abdominalis)

FE Western and Eastern Sections

Riverside fairy shrimp

(Streptocephalus woottoni)

FE Eastern Section

Vernal pool fairy shrimp

(Branchinecta lynchi)

FT Western and Eastern Sections

FISH

Arroyo chub

(Gila orcuttii)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Desert pupfish

(Cyprinodon macularius)

FE, SE Eastern Section
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Species Status

Location of Potential 

to Occur in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area

Santa Ana speckled dace

(Rhinichthys osculus)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Santa Ana sucker

(Catostomus santaanae)

ST Western and Eastern Sections

AMPHIBIANS

California red-legged frog

(Rana draytonii)

FT, SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Coast Range newt

(Taricha torosa)

SSC Western Section

Western spadefoot

(Spea hammondii)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

REPTILES

California glossy snake

(Arizona elegans occidentalis)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

(Uma inornata)

FT, SE Eastern Section

Coast horned lizard

(Phrynosoma blainvillii)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Coast patched-nosed snake

(Salvadora hexalepis virgultea

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Coastal whiptail

(Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Desert tortoise

(Gopherus agasizzii)

FT, ST Eastern Section

Flat-tailed horned lizard

(Phrynosoma mcallii)

SSC Eastern Section

Red diamond rattlesnake

(Crotalus ruber)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

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Species Status

Location of Potential 

to Occur in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area

San Diego mountain kingsnake

(Lampropeltis zonata pulchra)

SSC Western Section

Southern California legless lizard

(Anniella stebbinsi)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Two-striped garter snake

(Thamnophis hammondii)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Western pond turtle

(Emys marmorata)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

BIRDS

American peregrine falcon

(Falco peregrinus anatum)

FP Western and Eastern Section

Bald eagle

(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

BGEPA, F Delisted

SE/FP

Western and Eastern Sections

Coastal cactus wren 

(Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus 

sandiegensis)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Coastal California gnatcatcher

(Polioptila californica californica)

FT, SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Ferruginous hawk

(Buteo regalis)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Golden eagle

(Aquila chrysaetos)

BGEPA

FP

Western and Eastern Sections

Grasshopper sparrow 

(Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus)

SSC Western Section

Least Bell’s vireo

(Vireo bellii pusillus)

FE, SE Western and Eastern Sections

Least bittern 

(Ixobrychus exilis)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections
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Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 5-99

Species Status

Location of Potential 

to Occur in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area

Loggerhead shrike

(Lanius ludovicianus)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Long-eared owl

(Asio otus)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Northern harrier

(Circus hudsonius)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Purple martin

(Progne subis)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Southwestern willow flycatcher

(Empidonax trallii extimus)

FE, SE Western and Eastern Sections

Swainson’s hawk 

(Buteo swainsoni)

ST Western and Eastern Sections

Tricolored blackbird 

(Agelais tricolor)

CT Western and Eastern Sections

Western burrowing owl

(Athene cunicularia)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Western yellow-billed cuckoo

(Coccyzus americanus occidentalis)

FE, SE Western Section

White-tailed kite

(Elanus leucarus)

FP Western and Eastern Sections

Yellow rail

(Coturnicops noveboracensis)

SSC Western Section

Yellow warbler 

(Setophaga petechial)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Yellow-breasted chat

(Icteria virens)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

MAMMALS

American badger

(Taxidea taxus)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections
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Species Status

Location of Potential 

to Occur in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area

Big free-tailed bat

(Nyctinomops macrotis)

SSC Eastern Section

Desert bighorn sheep

(Ovis canadensis nelsoni)

FP Eastern Section

Dulzura pocket mouse

(Chaetodipus californicus femoralis)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Los Angeles pocket mouse

(Perognathus longimembris brevinasus)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Mexican long-tongued bat 

(Choeronycteris mexicana)

SSC Eastern Section

Northwestern San Diego pocket mouse

(Chaetodipus fallax fallax)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Pallid bat

(Antrozous pallidus)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Pallid San Diego pocket mouse

(Chaetodipus fallax pallidus)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Palm Springs pocket mouse

(Perognathus longimembris bangsi)

SSC Eastern Section

Palm Springs round-tailed ground squirrel

(Xerospermophilus tereticaudu chlorus)

SSC Eastern Section

Peninsular bighorn sheep

(Ovis canadensis nelsoni pop. 2)

FE, ST/FP Eastern Section

Pocketed free-tailed bat

(Nyctinomops femorosaccus)

SSC Eastern Section

San Bernardino kangaroo rat

(Dipodomys merriami parvus)

FE, SSC Western and Eastern Sections

San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit

(Lepus californicus bennettii)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections
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Species Status

Location of Potential 

to Occur in the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area

San Diego desert woodrat

(Neotoma lepida intermedia)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Southern grasshopper mouse

(Onychomys torridus ramona)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Stephen’s kangaroo rat

(Dipodomys stephensi)

FE, ST Western and Eastern Sections

Townsend’s big-eared bat

(Corynorhinus townsendii)

SSC Eastern Section

Western mastiff bat

(Eumops perotis californicus)

SSC Eastern Section

Western red bat

(Lasiurus blossevillii)

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Western yellow bat

(Lasiurus xanthinus

SSC Western and Eastern Sections

Notes:

STATUS - Federal

FE=Federally listed as Endangered 

FP=Federally listed as Protected

BGEPA=Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act

STATUS - State 

ST=State Candidate for listing as Threatened 

FP=Fully Protected Species in California

SSC=Species of Special Concern in California

1B=Rare or endangered in California and elsewhere

2B=Rare or endangered in California, more common elsewhere

Threat Ranks:

.1=seriously endangered in California

.2=fairly endangered in California

.3=Not very endangered in California 

CRPR=California Rare Plant Rank; EIR=environmental impact report; EIS=environmental impact statement
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5.4 Wildlife Movement Corridors (All Build Alternative 

Options)

Movement is essential to wildlife survival, whether it is day-to-day movements to find food, water, 

shelter, or seasonal migration to find favorable seasonal conditions and mates. Movement is also 

essential for gene flow, for recolonizing unoccupied habitat, and for species to shift their geographic 

range in response to climate change. Large mammals—such as mule deer, desert bighorn sheep, 

coyotes, and mountain lions—may range widely across the landscape in search of food and water or 

following seasonal movement patterns. Drainage channels are often used as corridors for wildlife 

movement, providing both cover and forage. Natural and man-made barriers to wildlife movement 

may prevent animals from reaching important resources and/or limit the availability of habitats that 

may otherwise become occupied.

Several planning efforts have been undertaken to address the effects of development on wildlife 

movement corridors and to identify opportunities to preserve and restore habitat connectivity. The 

South Coast Missing Linkages Project was developed through a collaboration between federal, 

state, and local partners to identify and conserve the highest-priority wildlife movement linkages in 

Southern California. This Program incorporates advanced planning techniques and the collaboration 

of experts in biology, conservation design, and implementation. The South Coast Missing Linkages 

Project developed a comprehensive plan for a regional network that would maintain and restore 

critical linkages between existing blocks of habitat that are either currently protected or could be 

protected in the future (Figure 5-2).
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Figure 5-2. Sensitive Habitats within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative Options)
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The San Bernardino-San Jacinto Connection (Figure 5-2) was identified as a key wildlife movement 

linkage between the San Bernardino Mountains and the San Jacinto Mountains (Penrod et al. 2005). 

The linkage design of the San Bernardino-San Jacinto Connection has five routes to accommodate 

diverse species and ecosystem functions and connect large habitat blocks within the San Bernardino 

National Forest in the San Bernardino Mountains and the San Jacinto Mountains. Approximately 

29 percent of the lands within the linkage are under some form of protection. Much of the 

unprotected lands within the linkage could be protected through the Western Riverside MSHCP and 

the Coachella Valley MSHCP. 

Several major transportation routes—including Interstate 10 (I-10), Highway 111, Highway 79, and 

an existing railroad track—pose substantial barriers to wildlife movement. I-10 bisects approximately 

11 miles of the linkage. Several existing structures accommodate various levels of animal movement 

within the linkage. There are several crossing structures where the San Gorgonio River flows under 

I-10; a series of undercrossings for Stubbe Wash; and a series of undercrossings to accommodate 

the Whitewater River crossing under I-10. The existing rail corridor bisects approximately 13 miles of 

this linkage between Banning and the San Gorgonio Pass.

5.5 Waters of the United States (All Build Alternative 

Options)

5.5.1 Watersheds

As shown on Figure 5-3, the Program Corridor crosses five watersheds (listed at the subbasin level)

the Los Angeles River Watershed, the San Gabriel River Watershed, the Santa Ana River 

Watershed, the San Jacinto River Watershed, and the Salton Sea Watershed, as depicted on 

Figure 5-3. USGS divided the U.S. into hydrologic units that are arranged or nested within each 

other, from the largest geographic area to the smallest geographic area. Each hydrologic unit is 

identified by a unique hydrologic unit code (HUC) consisting of 2 to 12 digits based on the levels of 

classification in the hydrologic unit system (region [2], subregion [4], basin [6], subbasin [8], 

watershed [10], and subwatershed [12]), as follows: 

• Los Angeles River Watershed (HUC-8 18070105) 

• San Gabriel River Watershed (HUC-8 18070106)

• Santa Ana River Watershed (HUC-8 18070203)

• San Jacinto River Watershed (HUC-8 18070202)

• Salton Sea Watershed (HUC-8 18100200)
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Table 5-9 summarizes the names of the subbasins, HUC-8 watersheds, the major water features 

within each watershed, and the area within each watershed in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study 

Area.

Table 5-9. Subbasins and Watersheds in the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build 

Alternative Options)

Subbasin Watershed Major Water Features Watershed Area (acres)

Los Angeles River

Watershed 

Lower Los Angeles 

River; Rio Hondo

Los Angeles River, Rio Hondo 524,160

San Gabriel River 

Watershed

Lower Santa Ana 

River; Middle Santa 

Ana River; Upper 

Santa Ana River; 

Temescal Wash; 

San Timoteo Wash

San Gabriel River, Coyote 

Creek

456,320

San Jacinto River 

Watershed

Middle San Jacinto 

River

—a 489,767

Santa Ana River 

Watershed

Colorado 

Lagoon-Frontal 

Alamitos Bay; 

Lower San Gabriel 

River; 

Santa Ana River, San Timoteo 

Creek

1,075,200

Salton Sea Watershed San Gorgonio 

River; Headwaters 

Whitewater River; 

Little Morongo 

Creek-Morongo 

Wash; Upper 

Whitewater River; 

Middle Whitewater 

River; Lower 

Whitewater River

San Gorgonio River, 

Whitewater River

4,640,000
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Figure 5-3. Subbasins and Watersheds within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area
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5.5.2 Named Rivers, Streams, Creeks, Washes, Canals, and Lakes

Within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (Appendix D, Sheets 1-27), there are 5 rivers, 

26 named drainages, and 1 named lake. A list of the named waters within the Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study Area are presented in Table 5-10. In addition to the named waters, numerous 

unnamed ephemeral washes also traverse the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area. 

Table 5-10. Named Rivers, Streams, Creeks, Washes, Canals, and Lakes within the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All Build Alternative Options)

Named Waters County

Los Angeles River Los Angeles

Rio Hondo Los Angeles

San Gabriel River Los Angeles

La Canada Verde Creek Los Angeles

La Mirada Creek Los Angeles

Coyote Creek Orange, Los Angeles

Brea Creek Orange

Fullerton Creek Orange

Anaheim Lake Orange

Carbon Canyon Creek Orange

Atwood Channel Orange

Coal Creek Orange

Wardlow Wash Riverside

Temescal Wash Riverside

Spring Brook Riverside

Tequesquite Arroyo Riverside

Riverside Canal San Bernardino, Riverside
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Named Waters County

West Riverside Canal San Bernardino

Santa Ana River San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange

Gage Canal San Bernardino

San Timoteo Creek Riverside, San Bernardino

Yucaipa Creek Riverside

Little San Gorgonio Creek Riverside

Noble Creek Riverside

Smith Creek Riverside

Montgomery Creek Riverside

San Gorgonio River Riverside

Potrero Creek Riverside

Garnet Wash Riverside

Mission Creek Riverside

Coachella Canal Riverside

Whitewater River Riverside

Source: USFWS 2018a

5.5.3 Wetlands

Most of the NWI-identified other waters of the U.S. (wetlands) can be characterized by the following:

• The channels of the named drainages identified in Table 5-10 and tributaries

• Areas within the associated floodplains of those named drainages

• Ponding areas in or adjacent to ephemeral washes

• Canals that receive water throughout the year

• Freshwater ponds associated with sand and gravel operations, golf courses, and parks
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• Retention basins, stock tanks, or other water storage and management areas for agricultural, 

industrial, and residential purposes

Table 5-11 shows the acreages of different wetland types within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study 

Area. 

Table 5-11. Potential Wetlands Areas within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area (All 

Build Alternative Options)

Wetland Type Wetland Abbreviationa

Acres within the 

Tier 1/Program 

EIS/EIR Study 

Area

(1,000-foot buffer)

Freshwater Emergent Wetland PEM1A, PEM1Ax, PEM1C, PEM1Ch, PEM1Cx, PEM1Fx 11.825

Freshwater Forested/Shrub 

Wetland

PFO/SSCx, PFOA, PFOAx, PFOC, PFOCh, PFOCx, 

PSS/EM1Ah, PSS/EM1C, PSSA, PSSAx, PSSB, PSSC, 

PSSCh

172.733

Freshwater Pond PABHx, PUBFx, PUBHh, PUBHr, PUBHx, PUBK, PUS, 

PUSAx, PUSCh, PUSCx

113.027

Lake L1UBHx, L2UBHh, L2USCh, L2USCx 78.368

Riverine R2UBF, R2UBFr, R2UBH, R2UBHr, R2UBHx, R2USAr, 

R2USC, R2USCr, R4SBA, R4SBAr, R4SBAx, R4SBC, 

R4SBCr, R4SBCx, R4SBJ, R4SBJr, R4SBJx, R5UBF, 

R5UBFx

650.380

Total — 1,026.333

Source USFWS 2018a

Notes:

a Explanation of listing codes:

L1UB: Lacustrine Limnetic Unconsolidated Bottom R2UB: Riverine Lower Perennial Unconsolidated Bottom

L2UB: Lacustrine Littoral Unconsolidated Bottom R2US: Riverine Lower Perennial Unconsolidated Shore

L2US: Lacustrine Littoral Unconsolidated Shore R4SB: Riverine Intermittent Streambed 

R5UB: Riverine Unknown Perennial Unconsolidated Bottom

PAB: Palustrine Aquatic Bed

PEM: Palustrine Emergent

PFO: Palustrine Forested

PSS: Palustrine Scrub-shrub

PUB: Palustrine Unconsolidated Bottom
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PUS: Palustrine Unconsolidated Shore

A: Temporarily Flooded h: Diked/Impounded

B: Seasonally Saturated r: Artificial Substrate

C: Seasonally Flooded x: Excavated

F: Semi-permanently Flooded

H: Permanently Flooded

J: Intermittently Flooded

K: Artificially Flooded

Figure 5-4 shows the mapped wetlands located within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area. The 

following section describes potential wetlands associated with waters of the U.S. and waters of the 

state within the Western and Eastern Sections of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area for each of 

the Build Alternative Options.

Build Alternative Option 1 (Coachella Terminus)

The largest wetland areas located within the Western Section of Build Alternative Option 1 are 

mainly composed of riverine wetlands. Other wetland types such as freshwater forested/shrub 

wetlands, freshwater pond wetlands, lake wetlands, and freshwater emergent wetlands are also 

present within the Western Section. For the Eastern Section of Build Alternative Option 1, the largest 

wetlands areas are mainly comprised of riverine wetlands. Similar to the Western Section, other 

wetland types such as freshwater forested/shrub wetlands, freshwater pond wetlands, and 

freshwater emergent wetlands are also present within the Eastern Section. Table 5-12 provides a 

summary of potential wetlands within Build Alternative Option 1.

Table 5-12. Summary of Wetland Types (Build Alternative Option 1)

Wetland Type

Number and Area 

of Wetland Types 

within Western 

Section

Number and Area 

of Wetland Types 

within Eastern 

Section

Total Number and 

Area of Wetland 

Types

Freshwater emergent wetland 6 

(2.15 acres) 

5

(4.43 acres)

11 

(6.58 acres)

Freshwater forested/shrub wetland 43 

(31.04 acres) 

8

(78.31 acres)

51 

(109.35 acres)

Freshwater pond 21 

(25.61 acres) 

29

(67.39 acres)

50 

(93.00 acres)

Lakes 7 

(24.80 acres)

0

(0.00 acres)

7 

(24.80 acres)
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Wetland Type

Number and Area 

of Wetland Types 

within Western 

Section

Number and Area 

of Wetland Types 

within Eastern 

Section

Total Number and 

Area of Wetland 

Types

Riverine 114 

(150.07 acres)

122

(347.30 acres) 

236 

(497.37 acres)

Source: USFWS 2018a 

Build Alternative Option 2 (Indio Terminus)

The types of wetland areas that could be impacted by Build Alternative Option 2 are the same as for 

Build Alternative Option 1. Table 5-13 provides a summary of potential wetlands within Build 

Alternative Option 2. 

Table 5-13. Summary of Wetland Types (Build Alternative Options 2 and 3) 

Wetland Type

Number and Area 

of Wetland Types 

within Western 

Section

Number and Area 

of Wetland Types 

within Eastern 

Section

Total Number and 

Area of Wetland 

Types

Freshwater emergent wetland 6 

(2.15 acres) 

4 

(3.51 acres)

10 

(5.66 acres)

Freshwater forested/shrub wetland 43 

(31.04 acres) 

8 

(78.31 acres)

51 

(109.35 acres)

Freshwater pond 21 

(25.61 acres) 

28 

(66.99 acres)

49 

(92.60 acres)

Lakes 7 

(24.80 acres)

0 

(0.00 acres) 

7 

(24.80 acres)

Riverine 114 

(150.07 acres)

122 

(347.30 acres) 

236 

(497.37 acres)

Source: USFWS 2018a 

Build Alternative Option 3 (Indio Terminus with Limited Third Track)

As shown in Table 5-13, the types of wetland areas that could be impacted by Build Alternative 

Option 3 are the same as for Build Alternative Option 2.
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Figure 5-4. National Wetland Inventory-Mapped Wetlands within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area

(Page 1 of 6)
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Figure 5-4. National Wetland Inventory-Mapped Wetlands within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 2 of 6)
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Figure 5-4. National Wetland Inventory-Mapped Wetlands within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 3 of 6)
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Figure 5-4. National Wetland Inventory-Mapped Wetlands within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 4 of 6)
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Figure 5-4. National Wetland Inventory-Mapped Wetlands within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 5 of 6)
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Figure 5-4. National Wetland Inventory-Mapped Wetlands within the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area 

(Page 6 of 6)
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6 Environmental Consequences 

This section analyzes the potential effects on biological and wetland resources as a result of

constructing and operating the No Build Alternative and the Build Alternative Options. Effects are 

evaluated qualitatively in this technical memorandum consistent with a Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR 

evaluation. The evaluation provides a general overview, as no Project-specific details are available 

(e.g., station locations, where and what type of structures would be used to cross drainage channels, 

and how wide the construction disturbance zone would be). Tier 2/Project-level analysis would 

address site-specific potential effects resulting from construction of new stations, maintenance 

facilities, and other infrastructure. 

6.1 No Build Alternative

Under the No Build Alternative, no passenger rail system would be developed. Effects on biological 

and wetland resources would not occur beyond those that could occur because of other current and 

proposed projects. 

Several existing and committed transportation improvement projects would still occur in the Western 

Section under the No Build Alternative. The No Build Alternative assumes completion of those 

reasonably foreseeable transportation, development, and infrastructure projects that are already in 

progress; are programmed; or are included in the fiscally constrained regional transportation plan. 

An increase in traffic and vehicle miles traveled is expected under the No Build Alternative because 

more cars would be on the roadways compared with what would occur with Program

implementation. An increase in rail service and cars on the roadways would not result in new effects 

on biological and wetland resources. 

6.2 Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3

6.2.1 Western Section 

Construction

The Western Section utilizes existing rail infrastructure, and no additional track improvements would 

be required to accommodate the proposed service under all Build Alternative Options. No new 

stations or improvements to existing stations would be required to accommodate the proposed 
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service. As such, effects on biological or wetland resources as a result of proposed construction are 

not anticipated. 

Operation

Current (2018) daily rail traffic volumes on the Western Section (as shown in Chapter 2 of the Tier 

1/Program EIS/EIR) vary by segment (FRA and RCTC 2021). The highest density segment is 

between Los Angeles and Fullerton and has an average of 86 daily trains, while the lowest density 

segment is between Fullerton and Atwood and has an average of 43 daily trains. An additional two 

daily round-trip intercity passenger trains, even when compared with the lowest density segment, 

would represent a minor increase in train activity compared with current (2018) traffic volume along 

the existing railroad ROW. In 2024 and 2044, the Program would add the same number of rail 

operations to higher baseline conditions. Therefore, the Program’s effects in 2024 see Chapter 2 of 

the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) and 2044 (see Chapter 2 of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) would be 

lower than those evaluated under existing conditions for the lowest density segment. Under Build 

Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3, additional operation and maintenance activities associated with the 

two daily round-trip intercity passenger trains are between Los Angeles and Coachella unlikely to 

have any direct or indirect effects on special-status plant species, wildlife species, or wildlife 

movement corridors. Existing maintenance activities occur within the ROW, where the natural 

ecosystem has already been disturbed and vegetation is regularly maintained. In addition, the 

Program Corridor is heavily trafficked, and the additional maintenance (if any) and trips compared 

with existing conditions are minimal. Wildlife that may be present in the vicinity of the existing 

corridor has been exposed to disturbances associated with railroad operations and maintenance and 

habituated to existing noise and vibrations associated with railroad operations. Therefore, operation

of the Build Alternative Options in the Western Section would remain similar to existing conditions 

and effects on biological or wetland resources are not anticipated. 

6.2.2 Eastern Section 

Construction

The Eastern Section of the Build Alternative Options includes infrastructure improvements, such as 

sidings, additional main line track, wayside signals, drainage, grade-separation structures, and 

stations, to accommodate the proposed service and would be informed by the results of operation 

modeling work to be carried out as part of the Program. Under Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 

3, construction activities associated with the Eastern Section could include vegetation removal; 

ground clearing; placement of fill material; new, replaced, or extended culverts; and the development 
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of up to five new stations. Potential construction effects would be temporary and intermittent and 

would cease after construction is completed and disturbed areas become restabilized. 

Generally, when compared with Build Alternative Option 1, Build Alternative Option 2 would have 

slightly reduced construction effects due to a shorter route alignment and reduced station options. 

However, the magnitude of effects would be similar and considered substantial when compared with 

the No Build Alternative. When compared with Build Alternative Options 1 or 2, Build Alternative 

Option 3 may have slightly reduced effects due to a smaller footprint associated with a shorter route 

alignment, reduced station options, and reduced third track rail infrastructure. However, the 

magnitude of effects would be similar for Build Alternative Option 3 and considered substantial when 

compared with the No Build Alternative. Site-specific effects would be considered at the Tier 

2/Project-level analysis.

Sensitive Natural Communities and Special-Status Plant Species

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area has the potential to support five sensitive natural 

communities under Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3, including California walnut woodland, 

scalebroom scrub, California sycamore woodland, Fremont cottonwood forest, and black willow 

thickets, all with a state rarity rank of S3. In addition, the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area has the 

potential to support suitable habitat for five listed plants: Braunton’s milk-vetch (FE), Coachella 

Valley milk-vetch (FE), three-ribbed milk-vetch (FE), Nevin’s barberry (FE, SE), and Santa Ana River 

woollystar (FE, SE); and 15 non-listed special-status plants: Abrams’ spurge (CRPR 2B.2), Brand’s 

star phcelia (CRPR 1B.1), chaparral sand-verbena (CRPR 1B.1), cliff spurge (CRPR 2B.2), 

flat-seeded surge (CRPR 1B.1), Harwood’s eriastrum (CRPR 1B.2), many-stemmed dudleya (CRPR 

1B.1), smooth tarplant (CRPR 1B.1), Parry’s spineflower (CRPR 1B.1), intermediate mariposa lily

(CRPR 1B.2), Little San Bernardino Mountains linanthus (CRPR 1B.2), snake cholla (CRPR 1B.2), 

white-bracted spineflower (1B.2), Yucaipa onion (CRPR 1B.2), and purple stemodia (CRPR 2B.1). 

All of these plants have been collected from within 1 to 5 miles of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study 

Area. Potential construction-related effects on these species are addressed below.

The Eastern Section of the Program Corridor could result in the direct loss of native vegetation 

communities and habitat for special-status plant species under all Build Alternative Options. It could 

also result in direct and indirect effects on special-status plants, such as mortality or effects on 

reproductive output. The severity of the direct and indirect effects on these biological resources 

would depend on the location of new infrastructure, temporary roads, laydown yards, and other 

Program-related components in relation to the location of those resources. 
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The potential for special-status plant species to occur in a particular habitat is linked to the physical 

characteristics of the landscape, including elevation, soils, and microhabitat. Suitable habitat for 

each special-status plant species was presumed occupied for purposes of the effects evaluation. 

Direct effects on special-status plant species, sensitive natural communities, and native plant 

species may result from the removal of vegetation for the placement of new permanent infrastructure 

improvements within the Eastern Section of the Program Corridor. Additional direct effects may 

result from construction crews removing vegetation within temporary affected areas and from 

construction vehicles and personnel disturbing vegetation (i.e., trampling; covering; and crushing 

individual plants, populations, or suitable potential habitat for special-status plant species). Other 

direct effects include clearing, grubbing, covering, undercutting and damaging roots, or unearthing of 

individual plants. Dust and airborne soil, which may settle on plants, particularly herbs, may inhibit 

their ability to photosynthesize or reproduce through pollination. Soil compaction and the placement 

of fill may directly affect special-status plant species by causing decreased fitness or death by root 

compaction, decreased germination from the seed bank, and/or the plants being covered with soil. 

Chemical spills have the potential to contaminate the soil and groundwater, resulting in mortality, 

habitat degradation, or reduced reproductive success of special-status plant species. 

Indirect effects on special-status plant species and native plant species could potentially include: 

• Erosion, siltation, and runoff into natural and constructed watercourses

• Soil and water contamination from construction equipment leaks

• Construction dust affecting plants by reducing their photosynthetic capability (especially 

during flowering periods)

• Altered hydrology that could change the wetland functions of aquatic habitats

• Changes in surface water resources potentially resulting from changes in groundwater flow

• Increased risk of fire (e.g., construction equipment use and smoking by construction workers) 

in adjacent open spaces

• Habitat degradation through fragmentation and changes in habitat heterogeneity

• Introduction of noxious plant species (non-native, detrimental species) resulting from ground 

disturbance

Special-Status Wildlife Species

Under Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3, the Eastern Section of the Program Corridor could result 

in the direct loss of habitat for special-status wildlife. It could also result in direct and indirect effects 

on special-status wildlife individuals, such as mortality, injury, or effects on reproductive behavior. 
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As summarized in Table 6-1, there are multiple special-status wildlife species with the potential to 

occur within the Eastern Section of the Build Alternative Options. These special-status wildlife 

species include invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, each with a specific 

set of habitat requirements. The severity of the direct and indirect effects on these biological 

resources would depend on the location of new infrastructure, temporary roads, laydown yards, and 

other Project-related components in relation to the location of those resources. Table 6-1 provides 

the number of special-status wildlife species for the Eastern Section of the Program Corridor. 

Table 6-1. Number of Special-Status Wildlife Species with Potential to Occur within the 

Eastern Section (All Build Alternative Options)

Special-Status 

Wildlife Species

Non-Station 

Area

Loma 

Linda 

Station 

Area

Pass Area 

Station 

Area

Mid-Valley 

Station 

Area

Indio 

Station 

Area

Coachella 

Station 

Area

Invertebrates 2 0 0 0 0 0

Fish 4 0 2 0 0 0

Amphibians 2 2 0 0 0 0

Reptiles 11 6 6 4 3 1

Birds 18 9 5 5 5 5

Mammals 22 4 17 9 7 7

Total 59 21 30 18 15 13

The potential for special-status wildlife species to occur in a particular habitat is linked to the physical 

characteristics of the landscape. Suitable habitat for each species was presumed occupied for 

purpose of the effects evaluation. 

INVERTEBRATES

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area has the potential to support three federally endangered 

invertebrates: Delhi sands flower-loving fly, Riverside fairy shrimp, and vernal pool fairy shrimp. 

Potential construction-related effects on these species are addressed below.

Delhi sand flower-loving fly could be directly affected if occupied habitat is destroyed or degraded by 

the placement of new infrastructure associated with the Build Alternative Options. The spread of 

noxious weeds resulting from Program activities could further degrade occupied or suitable habitat.
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Fairy shrimp would be directly affected if suitable aquatic habitats are disturbed, penetrated, filled, 

polluted, or otherwise destroyed or degraded by construction equipment, siltation, and 

sedimentation. Construction equipment traveling off road in suitable aquatic habitats could cause 

erosion, soil compaction, increased siltation, destruction of native vegetation, and alteration of pool 

hydrology, which could negatively affect vernal pool fairy shrimp.

In upland areas surrounding suitable aquatic habitat (i.e., within 250 feet), indirect effects could 

occur as a result of construction activities, such as excavation, rail bed buildup, placement of 

permanent and temporary structures, and vehicle traffic, which could result in changes in the 

habitat’s hydrology. Indirectly, these construction activities could alter the amount and quality of 

water available above and below ground, change the inflow of water to particular pools, or decrease 

or increase inundation. These changes in hydrology could affect the reproductive success and 

survival of these species and their food. 

FISH 

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area has the potential to support two listed fish species: desert 

pupfish (FE, SE) and Santa Ana sucker (ST); and two non-listed special-status fish species: arroyo 

chub and Santa Ana speckled dace, both SSCs. Potential construction-related effects on these 

species are addressed below.

Direct effects on special-status fish species include construction activities in suitable habitat that may 

disturb, injure, or kill individuals if waters are disturbed, degraded, or polluted by sedimentation and 

construction equipment spills or leaks. Shading from overhead elevated structures could also affect 

suitable habitat. Direct effects may consist of physical disturbance, temporary interruptions to fish 

passage, sedimentation, turbidity, altered water temperatures, oxygen depletion, and contaminants. 

Dewatering during construction, if needed, may result in the stranding and mortality of special-status 

fish. Changes in sedimentation and nutrient loading caused by soil erosion into occupied habitat 

related to construction disturbance of channel sediments and adjacent soils may result in habitat 

degradation or reduced reproductive success. Chemical spills from construction equipment (e.g., 

fuel, transmission fluid, lubricating oil, and motor oil) could contaminate the water column, resulting 

in habitat degradation or reduced reproductive success of special-status fish in downstream habitats. 

Construction activities in areas that support desert pupfish could result in changes to groundwater 

movement, which could negatively affect the species. 

Indirect effects on special-status fish may include changes in water quality, which could lead to 

temporary shifts in foraging and reproductive habitats. Ground disturbance associated with 

construction may increase erosion and sedimentation into nearby creeks, rivers, and other waters.
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AMPHIBIANS

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area has the potential to support three special-status 

amphibians, federally threatened and state SSC California red-legged frog, and coast range newt 

and western spadefoot toad, both SSCs. Potential construction-related effects on these species are 

addressed below.

Direct effects on special-status amphibian species would include construction activities in suitable 

upland or aquatic habitat that could cause mortality, injury, or harassment of adults, eggs or egg 

masses, and larvae. Construction may also result in the temporary destruction, degradation, fill, or 

pollution of aquatic breeding or upland nesting habitats and the temporary loss of burrows or other 

upland refugia. Mortality, injury, or harassment may also occur if these species become trapped in 

open, excavated areas. Direct effects also include the permanent conversion of occupied aquatic 

and upland habitat to infrastructure and fragmentation of habitats and landscapes resulting from 

construction of the Build Alternative Options. 

Indirect construction effects on breeding habitat for special-status amphibians include changes in 

breeding habitat water quality or hydroperiod of streams, changes in the hydrology of streams that 

provide aquatic habitat, abandonment of upland refugia (e.g., burrows), and temporary shifts in 

foraging patterns or territories. Construction components, such as security fencing, electrical 

infrastructure, and elevated structures, could attract predators, like raptors, by providing artificial 

perch sites in the landscape.

REPTILES 

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area has the potential to support two listed reptiles: Coachella 

Valley fringe-toed lizard (FT, SE) and desert tortoise (FT, ST); and 10 non-listed special-status 

reptiles: California glossy snake, coast horned lizard, coast patch-nosed snake, coastal whiptail, 

flat-tailed horned lizard, red diamond rattlesnake, San Diego mountain kingsnake, Southern 

California legless lizard, western pond turtle, and two-striped garter snake, all SSCs. Potential 

construction-related effects on these species are addressed below.

Direct effects on special-status reptiles include construction activities in suitable habitat that could 

cause mortality, injury, or harassment of adults or juveniles or crushing of eggs. Construction may 

also result in the temporary destruction, degradation, or pollution of habitat and the temporary loss of 

nesting areas, burrows, or other refugia. Direct effects also include the permanent conversion of 

occupied habitat to infrastructure and fragmentation of habitats and landscapes resulting from 

construction of the Program. Mortality, injury, or harassment may also occur if these species become 

trapped in open, excavated areas or are stuck by vehicles driving on and off roads. 
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Indirect effects on special-status reptiles may include the inadvertent introduction of noxious weeds, 

which can reduce habitat suitability. Soil compaction and the placement of fill in suitable habitat may 

indirectly affect special-status reptiles by prohibiting burrowing or by changing the frequency of 

vegetative cover. Construction activities could result in temporary shifts in foraging patterns or 

territories and the use of daily or seasonal refugia. Construction components, such as security 

fencing, electrical infrastructure, and elevated structures, could attract predators by providing 

artificial perch sites in the landscape, and construction activities may attract opportunistic predators 

(e.g., raptors and ravens) that may feed on special-status reptiles. The Program could also indirectly 

affect suitable western pond turtle aquatic habitat through potential changes in water quality or 

changes in the hydrology pattern or hydroperiod of streams that provide aquatic habitat.

BIRDS

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area has the potential to support seven listed or candidate listed 

birds: bald eagle (SE, FP), least Bell’s vireo (FE, SE), southwestern willow flycatcher (FE, SE), 

western yellow-billed cuckoo (FE, SE), coastal California gnatcatcher (FT), Swainson’s hawk (ST), 

and tricolored blackbird (CT); 13 non-listed special-status birds: western burrowing owl, coastal 

cactus wren, grasshopper sparrow, least bittern, loggerhead shrike, long-eared owl, northern harrier, 

purple martin, yellow warbler, ferruginous hawk, yellow rail, and yellow-breasted chat, all SSCs, and 

four fully protected species (bald eagle, golden eagle, American peregrine falcon, and white-tailed 

kite). Potential construction-related effects on these species are addressed below.

Construction activities could remove or disturb potential nesting habitat for special-status raptors and 

migratory birds. Direct effects may include bird mortality or injury, the permanent conversion of 

occupied nesting and foraging habitat to Program infrastructure, and fragmentation of habitats and 

landscapes resulting from construction of the Program, which would interfere with seasonal 

movement and dispersal of migratory and special-status birds. If construction occurs during the 

breeding season (generally February 1 to September 1), active nests could also be disturbed, 

potentially causing the loss of eggs or developing young (i.e., nest abandonment during the 

incubation, nestling, or fledgling stages), and noise could cause birds to avoid adjacent suitable 

nesting habitat. Additionally, burrowing owls extensively use open landscapes with suitable natural 

or artificial burrows. Suitable habitat exists along much of the limits of construction. Vibration from 

construction equipment along with increased vehicular traffic could collapse inhabited burrows in or 

near the study area. 

Indirect effects during the construction period may include the permanent or temporary displacement 

of bird species to avoid disturbance (e.g., noise, vibration, visual stimuli); such displacement could 

also result from fragmentation of the landscape caused by the construction of the Program

components (e.g., security fences, elevated structures, railbeds, and associated facilities). Indirect 
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effects include interference with the daily movement, foraging, and dispersal of resident and 

migratory bird species. Repeated exposure to disturbance can reduce reproductive success and 

increase mortality through the exposure of nests to predators and the elements. The Program could 

indirectly affect riparian habitat that provides nesting and foraging habitat for many special-status 

bird species through potential changes in the hydrology pattern or hydroperiod of streams.

MAMMALS

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study Area has the potential to support 3 listed mammals: Peninsular 

big-horn sheep (FE, ST, FP), Stephen’s kangaroo rat (FE, ST), and San Bernardino kangaroo rat 

(FE); 18 non-listed special-status mammals: American badger, big free-tailed bat, Mexican 

long-tongued bat, pallid bat, pocketed free-tailed bat, Townsend’s big-eared bat, western mastiff bat, 

western red bat, western yellow bat, San Diego desert woodrat, San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit, 

Dulzura pocket mouse, Los Angeles pocket mouse, Northwestern San Diego pocket mouse, pallid 

San Diego pocket mouse, Palm Springs pocket mouse, Southern grasshopper mouse, and Palm 

Springs round-tailed ground squirrel; and 2 fully protected mammals: Peninsular big-horn sheep and 

desert bighorn sheep. Potential construction-related effects on these species are addressed below.

Special-Status Bat Species

Direct effects on bats could include mortality of individuals during construction and temporary 

disturbances from noise, dust, and ultrasonic vibrations from construction equipment. Direct effects 

also include the permanent conversion of occupied roosting and foraging habitat to rail infrastructure 

and fragmentation of habitats and landscapes resulting from construction of the selected Build 

Alternative Option, which would interfere with seasonal movement and dispersal of special-status 

bats. Ground-disturbing activities—such as excavation, vegetation removal, placement of temporary 

structures and staging areas, and equipment operation—would result in noise, dust, or vibration 

disturbance. These disturbances could indirectly disrupt breeding or roosting activity, or result in the 

temporary loss of foraging habitats. Indirect construction effects are anticipated to be less than the 

direct construction effects. Increased lighting after sunset could disrupt foraging activities by 

special-status bat species, causing them to leave an area that has prolonged disturbance. Nocturnal 

insects are drawn by lighting, which in turn attracts foraging bats. Special-status bats that are 

attracted to lighted construction areas could have higher potential mortality through disorientation 

and effects from construction equipment.

American Badger and other Special-Status Small Mammals

Mortality and injury of American badgers and small mammals could occur from burrows being 

crushed by construction equipment, as well as from vehicle strikes in construction work areas. 

Ground disturbance could lead to the temporary loss of foraging habitat. Temporary effects on these 
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species may occur from noise, lighting, vibrations, dust, and motion disturbance. Direct effects also 

include the permanent conversion of occupied habitat to rail infrastructure and fragmentation of 

habitats and landscapes resulting from construction of the selected Build Alternative Option, which 

would interfere with seasonal movement and dispersal of these species. Indirect effects would 

include shifts in foraging patterns or territories, increased predation, and decreased reproductive 

success. Indirect effects could potentially include alteration of soils, such as compaction, which 

would make it more difficult to construct burrows. The inadvertent introduction of noxious weeds 

could reduce habitat suitability for these species.

Desert Bighorn Sheep 

Direct effects of construction activities to desert bighorn sheep are not anticipated, as sheep would

likely move away from where construction activities in suitable habitat occur. Suitable habitat for 

desert bighorn sheep is not anticipated to be removed as a result of construction of any of the Build 

Alternative Options. Potential effects on the movement of bighorn sheep are addressed in the wildlife 

movement corridor section.

Wildlife Movement Corridors

The Eastern Section of the Program Corridor has the potential to result in impediments to the 

movement of wildlife across the landscape. The severity of the direct and indirect effects on these 

biological resources would depend on the location of new infrastructure, temporary roads, laydown 

yards, and other Program-related components in relation to the location of those resources.

The existing rail alignment crosses drainages and roadways on viaducts and culverts that serve as 

crossing structures for wildlife movement corridors. Construction activities often deter wildlife from 

entering construction work areas, and work occurring near existing crossing structures—such as 

underpasses, overpasses, or culverts—would deter use of these structures. Monitoring data of 

wildlife use of the Sepulveda Underpass during construction related to the I-405 Reconfiguration 

Ramps at Getty Center Drive showed a decrease of more than 84-percent in detections for all 

wildlife species, compared with the preconstruction monitoring results and a 100-percent decrease in 

detection for six species (Caltrans 2015). Construction-related activities associated with the Build 

Alternative Options could have similar results for wildlife use of areas under construction. The 

presence of construction personnel and the operation of construction equipment would result in 

increased noise, dust, vehicle traffic, and human activity, which are expected to temporarily deter 

wildlife from using their movement corridors. Additionally, the removal of vegetation in temporary 

work areas near existing and proposed undercrossings would have temporary effects on wildlife 

movement for some species by leaving them exposed as they approach the underpasses and 

potentially deterring them from using the crossings until the vegetation has regenerated. Additionally, 
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construction activities on, and modifications to, existing crossing structures could render them 

unusable by wildlife species.

Waters of the United States, including Wetlands

The placement of fill required for major infrastructure—such as stations—could result in permanent 

effects on waters of the U.S., including wetlands, depending upon the station location. Permanent 

effects would be subject to permitting by the USACE. Temporary construction effects may also occur 

as a result of soil disturbance and potential construction pollutant loading of stormwater runoff. 

Chemical spills or leaks of fuel, transmission fluid, lubricating oil, or motor oil from construction 

equipment could also contaminate waters and degrade their quality. Potential effects from 

construction under Build Alternative Options 1, 2, and 3 would be temporary and intermittent and 

cease after construction is completed and disturbed areas become restabilized. Site-specific effects 

would be considered at the Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

Operation

Operational activity would increase within the Eastern Section of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR Study 

Area. Current (2018) daily rail traffic volumes on the Eastern Section (as shown in Chapter 2 of the 

Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) average 43 daily trains along the Colton-Coachella segment, consisting of

freight and passenger trains (FRA and RCTC 2021). The addition of two daily round-trip intercity 

passenger trains would represent a minor increase in train activity compared with current (2018) 

traffic volume along the existing railroad ROW. In 2024 and 2044, the Program would add the same 

number of rail operations to higher baseline conditions. Therefore, the Program’s effects in 2024 ( of 

the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) and 2044 (see Chapter 2 of the Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR) would be 

lower than those evaluated under existing conditions.

Sensitive Natural Communities and Special-Status Plant Species

Operation of Build Alternative Option 1, 2, or 3 would include the addition of two daily round-trip 

intercity passenger trains. Ongoing operation and maintenance activities (e.g., routine inspection 

and maintenance of the railroad ROW) would not affect sensitive natural communities, as they would 

already have been cleared during construction of the selected Build Alternative Option. Operation 

and maintenance activities under Build Alternative Option 1, 2, or 3 are unlikely to have any direct 

effects on special-status plant species because these activities would occur where the natural 

vegetation (i.e., areas with potential habitat for special-status plant species) has already been 

removed during construction. Direct effects, if they occur, would include 1) mortality from incidental 

trampling or crushing caused by increased human activity related to the maintenance of equipment 
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and facilities associated with the rail corridor and 2) exposure to accidental spills, including 

contaminants or pollutants.

Operational maintenance requires vegetation and pest control through a variety of methods, 

including the application of herbicides and pesticides. Pesticides and herbicides would be applied by 

certified pesticide applicators in accordance with all requirements of the California Department of 

Pesticide Regulation and County Agricultural Commissioners. If operational maintenance requires 

weed abatement activities, such as the use of herbicides, these activities could also contribute to 

chemical runoff and pollution of adjacent suitable habitats.

Wildlife Species

Operation of Build Alternative Option 1, 2, or 3 would include the addition of two daily round-trip 

intercity passenger trains. Direct operation and maintenance effects relative to all special-status 

wildlife species include the loss of individual special-status wildlife species as a result of operation 

and maintenance activities. Direct effects also include management activities of mitigation lands that 

have been purchased to mitigate effects on special-status wildlife species and their habitat. 

Operation and maintenance activities have the potential to disturb the lifecycles of special-status 

wildlife species. Site-specific effects would be considered at the Tier 2/Project-level analysis.

INVERTEBRATES

Direct effects on invertebrates during operation could include exposure to contaminants or pollutants 

from accidental spills and increased sedimentation from erosion resulting from vegetation clearing. 

Depending on drainage BMPs, some changes to local hydrology from operation-related 

maintenance and other activities could cause changes to local hydrologic profiles, causing changes 

in inundation periods, which could affect suitability for Riverside fairy shrimp and vernal pool fairy 

shrimp. Indirect effects on Riverside fairy shrimp and vernal pool fairy shrimp include changes in the 

local landscape from invasive plant species, as well as aquatic and terrestrial spills of fuel, 

transmission fluid, lubricating oil, and motor oil leaks.

FISH

Direct effects during operation could include exposure to contaminants or pollutants from accidental 

spills and increased sedimentation from erosion. Depending on drainage BMPs, some changes to 

local hydrology from operation-related maintenance and other activities could cause scour and 

changes to local hydrologic profiles, causing changes in habitat productivity and potential mortality to 

individuals. Chemical spills from fuel, transmission fluid, lubricating oil, and motor oil leaks could also 

contaminate water, resulting in mortality, habitat degradation, or reduced reproductive success of 

special-status fish. Indirect effects on amphibians include changes in the local landscape from 
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invasive plant species, as well as aquatic and terrestrial spills of fuel, transmission fluid, lubricating 

oil, and motor oil leaks.

AMPHIBIANS

Direct effects on amphibians could be expected in drainages subject to or near operational 

maintenance activities. Chemical spills from fuel, transmission fluid, lubricating oil, and motor oil 

leaks have the potential to contaminate the water column, resulting in mortality, habitat degradation, 

or reduced reproductive success. Noise, dust, and increased vibration may also directly affect 

amphibian species. Indirect effects on amphibians include changes in the local landscape from 

invasive plant species that may reduce the suitability of upland habitats.

REPTILES

The occasional individual of a special-status reptile species could enter the ROW, which would 

increase the likelihood of a direct strike resulting from train operation or related maintenance 

activities. Such direct strikes would likely result in mortality of the species. Direct effects from 

operation and maintenance activities associated with Build Alternative Option 1, 2, or 3 may also 

include some similar effects on invertebrates, such as incidental trampling or crushing and exposure 

to accidental spills including contaminants or pollutants. Noise, dust, and increased vibration may 

also directly affect reptile species.

BIRDS

Maintenance effects (e.g., mowing, weed control, and driving off-road) on birds during operation of 

Build Alternative Option 1, 2, or 3 would result in the removal or disturbance of areas that provide 

potential nesting habitat for a diverse population of birds. Operation and maintenance activities 

conducted in areas of nesting habitat during the breeding season (generally between February 1 and 

September 1) could disturb nesting birds, which could cause nest abandonment and loss of eggs or 

developing young at active nests in or near the area of activity. Operational effects (e.g., operation of 

the Program at grade or on an elevated structure) could result in injury or mortality from bird strikes 

or bird interactions with fencing and the electrical systems. Noise, vibration, wind, and visual stimuli 

from regular train operations may reduce the suitability of nesting habitat adjacent to the rail 

infrastructure. 

Indirect effects could occur from operation activities that disrupt nesting birds, potentially leading to 

nest failure or abandonment. Indirect effects may include avoidance behavior by some species in 

response to increased noise, lighting, and startle and motion disturbances during operation of the 

Build Alternative Options and maintenance activities. Indirect effects would also include changes in 
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the local landscape from invasive plant species that may reduce suitable nesting and foraging 

habitat.

MAMMALS

Direct operational effects on mammals would be primarily related to ground disturbance during 

operation activities. Burrowing, denning, and foraging habitat may be directly affected. In addition, 

increased noise levels and human presence may result in local shifts in populations, and operation 

and maintenance would result in an increased risk of being struck by trains or maintenance vehicles. 

Some free-ranging mammals may avoid the area and be funneled along the Program Corridor until 

locating a wildlife crossing. Rodent control programs could directly poison special-status small 

mammals or predators, such as badgers, through consumption of poisoned rodents. 

Operation of Build Alternative Option 1, 2, or 3 could result in displacement of mammal species from 

noise, vibration, wind, and visual stimuli, and from the actual fragmentation of the landscape as a 

result of the construction of the rail infrastructure. These effects may result in shifts in foraging 

patterns or territories, or dispersal movements, increased predation, decreased reproductive 

success, and reduced population viability. Indirect effects may include any additional pressures on 

the landscape from the colonization of non-native plant species. The change in plant species could 

further reduce adjacent habitat values. Local noise and motion disturbance effects resulting from 

operation of the Build Alternative Options may cause mammals to avoid areas adjacent to the rail 

infrastructure.

Wildlife Movement Corridors

Operation of the Build Alternative Options would include the addition of two daily round-trip intercity 

passenger trains. The Program Corridor generally parallels existing transportation infrastructure, 

including interstates, highways, and railroad tracks. Wildlife present in the vicinity of these existing 

infrastructures have been exposed, to some degree, to disturbances associated with railroad 

operations and vehicular traffic on the interstates and highways.

Though wildlife in the vicinity of the existing rail ROW have been habituated to existing noise and 

vibrations, the specific effects of noise and vibrations associated with the Build Alternative Options

are unknown. Direct effects from daily train operation or regularly scheduled maintenance activities 

may interfere with wildlife movement between habitats. Bighorn sheep, mule deer, and mountain 

lions may have behavioral and physiological responses to this type of disturbance. Additionally, 

noise, wind, and vibration from passing trains may cause the wildlife to discontinue use of some or 

all existing crossing structures. 
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Regularly scheduled maintenance activities at specific sites may deter wildlife from approaching that 

area or using it as part of a wildlife movement corridor because wildlife may associate it with human 

presence and disturbance. If these sites are near wildlife crossings, movement through specific 

crossings could be obstructed, thus causing wildlife to turn back or find another undisturbed 

crossing. This result could lead to further habitat fragmentation, restricted movement within wildlife 

corridors, habitat shifts, increased foraging competition, and possibly increased predation near 

undisturbed crossings. Ground disturbance associated with the maintenance of roadways and tracks 

provides additional opportunities for establishment and/or spread of non-native species. Soil erosion, 

sedimentation, runoff of oils and lubricants from railroad grades, and the potential for spills during 

maintenance activities, could result in these substances entering adjacent drainage channels and 

exposing wildlife to toxic chemicals.

Waters of the State and Waters of the United States (Including Wetlands)

Minimal effects on waters of the state and waters of the U.S., including wetlands, would be expected 

during operation of the Build Alternative Options. Operation of Build Alternative Option 1, 2, or 3 

would include the addition of two daily round-trip intercity passenger trains. Effects would likely be 

limited to maintenance of culverts, bridges, and embankments. Chemical spills or leaks of fuel, 

transmission fluid, lubricating oil, or motor oil from construction equipment could also contaminate 

jurisdictional waters and wetlands and degrade their quality.
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7 Tier 2 Environmental Review 

Considerations 

The Tier 1/Program EIS/EIR evaluation provides an overview of potential effects resulting from

development of the Build Alternative Options. Specific station locations, Tier 2/Project design, and 

construction methods have not been determined. 

Identified below are proposed programmatic mitigation strategies for further consideration in the 

Tier 2/Project-level analysis. Specific mitigation measures, to the extent required, would be identified 

and discussed during Tier 2/Project-level analysis after design details are known and specific 

impacts are identified. Examples of programmatic mitigation strategies for biological resources 

include avoiding effects and impacts, when possible, and minimizing effects and impacts where 

complete avoidance is not feasible, particularly on protected and sensitive species and their 

associated habitats, and wildlife movement corridors and linkages. Additionally, mitigation strategies 

for unavoidable effects and impacts on biological resources could include in-lieu fees and on- or 

off-site mitigation, such as habitat or vegetation restoration or payment into a conservation bank. 

Coordination with USFWS and CDFW would occur to develop Tier 2/Project-level mitigation 

measures during the Tier 2/Project-level analysis after design details are known. Proposed 

programmatic mitigation strategies, include, but are not limited to, the following:

• During the Tier 2/Project-level analysis, a preliminary biological resource screening shall be 

performed as part of the environmental review process to determine whether the specific rail 

infrastructure or station facility proposed has any potential to impact biological resources. If 

the specific rail infrastructure or station facility proposed has no potential to impact biological 

resources, no further action will be required. If the specific rail infrastructure or station facility 

proposed has the potential to impact biological resources, a qualified biologist shall conduct 

a biological resources assessment report to document the existing biological resources 

within the Tier 2/Project-level Study Area. The report shall include, but not be limited to, 

analysis and recommendations on the following topics: 

o Special-status species

o Nesting birds

o Wildlife movement

o Sensitive plant communities and critical habitat

o Jurisdictional waters
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o Applicable habitat conservation plans

o Other biological resources identified as sensitive by local, state and/or federal agencies

Pending the results of the biological resources assessment, design alterations; further 

technical studies (e.g., protocol surveys); and/or consultations with USFWS, CDFW, and 

other local, state, and federal agencies may be required. If the specific rail infrastructure or 

station facility proposed cannot be designed without complete avoidance, the lead agency 

shall coordinate with the appropriate resource agency to obtain regulatory permits and 

implement Project-specific mitigation prior to any construction activities. 

• If completion of the Project-specific biological resources assessment determines that 

special-status plant species have potential to occur on site, surveys for special-status plants 

shall be completed prior to any vegetation removal, grubbing, or other construction activity of 

each project (including staging and mobilization). The surveys shall be floristic in nature and 

shall be seasonally timed to coincide with the target species identified in the Project-specific 

biological resources assessment. All plant surveys shall be conducted by a qualified biologist 

approved by the implementing agency no more than 2 years prior to Project implementation. 

All special-status plant species identified on site shall be mapped onto a site-specific aerial 

photograph or topographic map. Surveys shall be conducted in accordance with the most 

current protocols established by CDFW and/or the USFWS. A report of the survey results 

shall be submitted to the implementing agency for review. 

• If federally or state-listed and/or CRPR 1 and 2 species are found during special-status plant 

surveys (as stated above), the specific rail infrastructure or station facility proposed shall be 

redesigned to avoid impacting these plant species where feasible based on coordination with 

the local jurisdiction and applicable resource agencies. If CRPR 3 and 4 species are found, 

the biologist shall evaluate to determine if they meet criteria to be considered special status.

If so, the same process as identified for CRPR 1 and 2 species shall apply. If special-status 

plants species cannot be avoided and would be impacted by the specific rail infrastructure or 

station facility proposed, all impacts shall be mitigated for each species as a component of 

habitat restoration. A restoration plan shall be prepared and submitted to the lead agency 

and/or the local jurisdiction overseeing the Project for approval. The restoration plan shall 

include, at a minimum, the following components: 

o Description of the Project/impact site (i.e., location, responsible parties, areas to be 

impacted by habitat type)
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o Goal(s) of the compensatory mitigation project (type(s) and area(s) of habitat to be 

established, restored, enhanced, and/or preserved; specific functions and values of 

habitat type(s) to be established, restored, enhanced, and/or preserved)

o Description of the proposed compensatory mitigation site (location and size, ownership 

status, existing functions and values)

o Implementation plan for the compensatory mitigation site (rationale for expecting 

implementation success, responsible parties, schedule, site preparation, planting plan)

o Maintenance activities during the monitoring period, including weed removal as 

appropriate (activities, responsible parties, schedule)

o Monitoring plan for the compensatory mitigation site, including performance standards, 

target functions and values, target acreages to be established, restored, enhanced, 

and/or preserved, annual monitoring reports

o Success criteria based on the goals and measurable objectives (said criteria to include 

numeric criteria to be selected based on the scale of the restoration effort and the 

restoration technique used)

o An adaptive management program and remedial measures to address any shortcomings 

in meeting success criteria

o Notification of completion of compensatory mitigation and agency confirmation 

o Contingency measures (initiating procedures, alternative locations for contingency 

compensatory mitigation, funding mechanism)

• Specific habitat assessment and survey protocol surveys are established for several 

federally and/or state endangered or threatened species. If the results of the biological 

resources assessment determine that suitable habitat may be present for any such species, 

protocol habitat assessments/surveys shall be completed in accordance with CDFW and/or 

USFWS protocols prior to issuance of any construction permits/Project approvals. 

Alternatively, in lieu of conducting protocol surveys, the implementing agency may choose to 

assume presence within the Project footprint and proceed with development of appropriate 

avoidance measures, consultation, and permitting, as applicable. If the target species is 

detected during protocol surveys, or protocol surveys are not conducted and presence 

assumed based on suitable habitat, additional coordination shall apply.
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• Prior to initiation of construction activities (including staging and mobilization), all personnel 

associated with Project construction shall attend worker environmental awareness program 

training, conducted by a qualified biologist, to aid workers in recognizing special-status 

resources that may occur in the Tier 2/Project-level Study Area. The specifics of this program 

shall include, but not be limited to, the following: 

o Identification of the sensitive species and habitats

o Description of the regulatory status and general ecological characteristics of sensitive 

resources

o Review of the limits of construction and mitigation measures required to reduce impacts 

on biological resources within the work area

o Preparation of a fact sheet conveying this information shall for distribution to all 

contractors, their employers, and other personnel involved with construction of the 

Project

o Employee documentation associated with worker environmental awareness program

attendance and acknowledgment
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8 References

Barrett, R. H. 1980. Mammals of California oak habitats: management implications. Pages 275-291 

In T. R. Plumb, tech. coord. Ecology, management, and utilization of California oaks. U.S. 

Dep. Agric., For. Serv. (Berkeley, Calif.), Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-44.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2018. California Natural Diversity Data Base 

RareFind 5 Report.

California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2015. Interstate 405 Reconfiguration of Ramps 

at Getty Center Drive. 

California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2018. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California 

(Eighth Edition). Online Edition. Accessed June 27, 2018. 

http://cnps.web.aplus.net/cgibin/inv/inventory.cgi.

County of Los Angeles. 2015. Los Angeles County General Plan 2035. Adopted October 6, 2015. 

Accessed June 27, 2018. 

http://planning.lacounty.gov/assets/upl/project/gp_final-general-plan.pdf.

County of San Bernardino. 2007. 2007 General Plan. Amended 2014. Accessed June 27, 2018. 

http://www.sbcounty.gov/Uploads/lus/GeneralPlan/FINALGP.pdf.

eBird. 2017. An online database of bird distribution and abundance (web application). eBird, Cornell 

Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. Accessed July 2018. http://ebird.org/ebird/map/. 

England, A. Sidney. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of 

Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual. Technical Report 

Y 87 1, U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.

Frost, Garrison. 2015. Rare coastal sage scrub habitat provides a home for threatened gnatcatcher 

and many other species. National Audubon Society. Holland, V.L. 2005. California Wildlife 

Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Game California 

Interagency Wildlife Task Group.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 8-2

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 1999. Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts. 

Section 14(n)(5)(6)(7). Accessed July 24, 2018.

https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/FRAEnvProcedures_FED_REG_Notic

e.pdf. 

GreenInfo Network. 2017. CPAD-California Protected Areas Database. Accessed July 2018.

http://www.calands.org/data. 

Grenfell, William E. Jr. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department 

of Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC). 

2021. Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program Environmental 

Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (Draft). Prepared by HDR Engineering, Inc.. 

Holland, V.L. 2005. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish 

and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

Kearny, Thomas. 1951. The Genus Malacothamnus. Leaflets of Western Botany. Volume VI, No 6: 

113-140.

Kie, John G. 2005. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish 

and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

Kramer, Gary. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish 

and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

Laudenslayer, William F. Jr. and Jerry R. Boggs. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships 

System California Department of Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

Laudenslayer, William F. Jr. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California 

Department of Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

McBride, Joe R. and Chris Reid. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California 

Department of Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

Munz, P.A. 1959. A California flora. In collaboration with D.D. Keck. Univ. of California Press. 

Berkeley, CA. 1681 pp.

Orange County. 2005. Orange County General Plan. Accessed June 27, 2018.

https://www.ocgov.com/gov/pw/cd/planning/generalplan2005.asp. 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 8-3

Parisi, Monica D. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of 

Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

Pearson, Daniel C. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of 

Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

Penrod, K., C. Cabariero, P. Beier, C. Luke, W. Spencer, and E. Rubin. 2005. South Coast

Missing Linkages Project: A Linkage Design for the San Gabriel-Castaic Connection.

South Coast Wildlands, Idyllwild, California. www.scwildlands.org.

Regents of the University of California. 2018. Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange for 

California Floristics. Accessed October 4, 2018. 

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?32521.

Riverside County. 2003. County of Riverside General Plan. Accessed June 27, 2018. 

http://planning.rctlma.org/ZoningInformation/GeneralPlan.aspx. 

Rowlands, Peter G. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of 

Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group. Sawyer, J. O., T. Keeler-Wolf, 

and J. E. Evens. 2009. A Manual of California Vegetation. Second Edition. Sacramento, 

CA: California Native Plant Society.

Sawyer, J. O., T. Keeler-Wolf, and J. E. Evens. 2009. A Manual of California Vegetation.

Second Edition. Sacramento, CA: California Native Plant Society.

Schultze, Ronald F. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of 

Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2008. Regional Supplement to the Corps of 

Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region. Version 2.0. ERDC/EL TR-08-28. 

Department of the Army Environmental Laboratory. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Waterways Experiment Station, Wetlands Research Program, Vicksburg, MS. September 

2008.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2018a. National Wetlands Inventory Mapper. 

Accessed July 2018. www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/mapper.HTML.

——— 2018b. Critical Habitat. Accessed July 2018.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/report/table/critical-habitat.html. 
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

May 2021 | 8-4

United States Forest Service (USFS). 2017. Classification and Assessment with Landsat of Visible 

Ecological Groupings (CalVeg) data. Updated in 2017. 

https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r5/landmanagement/resourcemanagement/?cid=stelprdb5347

192.

United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2016. National Hydrography Dataset. Accessed July 

2018. ftp://nhdftp.usgs.gov/DataSets/Staged/States/.

Verner, J. 1980. Birds of California oak habitats: management implications. Pages 246- 264 In T. R. 

Plumb, tech. coord. Ecology, management, and utilization of California oaks. U.S. Dep. 

Agric., For. Serv. (Berkeley Calif.) Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-44.

Zeiner, David. 1988. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish 

and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

Appendix A. Information for Planning and 

Consultation Resource List
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IPaC resource list

This report is an automatically generated list of species and other resources such as critical habitat 

(collectively referred to as trust resources) under the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) 

jurisdiction that are known or expected to be on or near the project area referenced below. The list 

may also include trust resources that occur outside of the project area, but that could potentially be 

directly or indirectly affected by activities in the project area. However, determining the likelihood and 

Local office

Carlsbad Fish And Wildlife Office

 (760) 431-9440

Ɠ (760) 431-5901

2177 Salk Avenue - Suite 250

Carlsbad, CA 92008-7385

http://www.fws.gov/carlsbad/

IPaC Information for Planning and Consultation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

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Endangered species

This resource list is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an analysis of project 

level impacts.

The primary information used to generate this list is the known or expected range of each species. 

Additional areas of influence (AOI) for species are also considered. An AOI includes areas outside of the 

species range if the species could be indirectly affected by activities in that area (e.g., placing a dam 

upstream of a fish population, even if that fish does not occur at the dam site, may indirectly impact 

the species by reducing or eliminating water flow downstream). Because species can move, and site 

conditions can change, the species on this list are not guaranteed to be found on or near the project 

. 

1. Species listed under the Endangered Species Act are threatened or endangered; IPaC also shows 

species that are candidates, or proposed, for listing. See the listing status page for more 

information. 

2. NOAA Fisheries, also known as the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), is an office of the 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the Department of Commerce. 

The following species are potentially affected by activities in this location:

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Mammals

Reptiles

NAME STATUS

Peninsular Bighorn Sheep Ovis canadensis nelsoni

There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location is outside the 

critical habitat. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4970

Endangered 

San Bernardino Merriam's Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys merriami 

parvus

There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location overlaps the 

critical habitat. 

Endangered 

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii extimus

There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location overlaps the 

critical habitat. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6749

Endangered 

Yuma Clapper Rail Rallus longirostris yumanensis

No critical habitat has been designated for this species. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3505

Endangered 

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NAME STATUS

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard Uma inornata

There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location overlaps the 

critical habitat. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2069

Threatened 

Desert Tortoise Gopherus agassizii

There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location is outside the 

critical habitat. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4481

Threatened 

critical habitat. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/7003

Santa Ana Sucker Catostomus santaanae

There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location overlaps the 

critical habitat. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3785

Threatened 

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Insects

NAME STATUS

Casey's June Beetle Dinacoma caseyi

There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location is outside the 

critical habitat. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4897

Endangered 

Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly Rhaphiomidas terminatus 

abdominalis

No critical habitat has been designated for this species. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1540

Endangered 

Gambel's Watercress Rorippa gambellii

No critical habitat has been designated for this species. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4201

Endangered 

Nevin's Barberry Berberis nevinii

There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location is outside the 

critical habitat. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8025

Endangered 

San Diego Ambrosia Ambrosia pumila

There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location is outside the 

critical habitat. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8287

Endangered 

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San Jacinto Valley Crownscale Atriplex coronata var. notatior

There is final critical habitat for this species. However, no actual acres 

or miles were designated due to exemptions and/or exclusions. See 

Federal Register publication for details. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4353

Endangered 

Santa Ana River Woolly-star Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum

No critical habitat has been designated for this species. 

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6575

Endangered 

Slender-horned Spineflower Dodecahema leptoceras Endangered 

NAME TYPE

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard Uma inornata

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2069#crithab

Final 

Coachella Valley Milk-vetch Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/7426#crithab

Final 

Coastal California Gnatcatcher Polioptila californica californica

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8178#crithab

Final 

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The birds listed below are birds of particular concern either because they occur on the USFWS Birds of 

Conservation Concern (BCC) list or warrant special attention in your project location. To learn more 

about the levels of concern for birds on your list and how this list is generated, see the FAQ below. This 

is not a list of every bird you may find in this location, nor a guarantee that every bird on this list will be 

Least Bell's Vireo Vireo bellii pusillus

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5945#crithab

Final 

San Bernardino Merriam's Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys merriami 

parvus

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2060#crithab

Final 

Santa Ana Sucker Catostomus santaanae

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3785#crithab

Final 

Final 

• Birds of Conservation Concern http://www.fws.gov/birds/management/managed-species/

birds-of-conservation-concern.php

• Measures for avoiding and minimizing impacts to birds 

http://www.fws.gov/birds/management/project-assessment-tools-and-guidance/

conservation-measures.php

• Nationwide conservation measures for birds 

http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/pdf/management/nationwidestandardconservationmeasures.pdf

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found in your project area. To see exact locations of where birders and the general public have sighted 

birds in and around your project area, visit the E-bird data mapping tool (Tip: enter your location, 

desired date range and a species on your list). For projects that occur off the Atlantic Coast, additional 

maps and models detailing the relative occurrence and abundance of bird species on your list are 

available. Links to additional information about Atlantic Coast birds, and other important information 

about your migratory bird list, including how to properly interpret and use your migratory bird report, 

can be found below.

For guidance on when to schedule activities or implement avoidance and minimization measures to 

reduce impacts to migratory birds on your list, click on the PROBABILITY OF PRESENCE SUMMARY at 

the top of your list to see when these birds are most likely to be present and breeding in your project 

area.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1626

Black Skimmer Rynchops niger

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the 

continental USA and Alaska.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5234

Breeds May 20 to Sep 15 

Black Swift Cypseloides niger

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the 

continental USA and Alaska.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8878

Breeds Jun 15 to Sep 10 

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Black-chinned Sparrow Spizella atrogularis

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the 

continental USA and Alaska.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9447

Breeds Apr 15 to Jul 31 

Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) only in particular Bird 

Conservation Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9737

Breeds Mar 15 to Aug 31 

California Thrasher Toxostoma redivivum Breeds Jan 1 to Jul 31 

Lawrence's Goldfinch Carduelis lawrencei

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the 

continental USA and Alaska.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9464

Breeds Mar 20 to Sep 20 

Le Conte's Thrasher toxostoma lecontei

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the 

continental USA and Alaska.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8969

Breeds Feb 15 to Jun 20 

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Lewis's Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the 

continental USA and Alaska.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9408

Breeds Apr 20 to Sep 30 

Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the 

continental USA and Alaska.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5511

Breeds elsewhere 

Nuttall's Woodpecker Picoides nuttallii Breeds Apr 1 to Jul 20 

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) only in particular Bird 

Conservation Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA

Spotted Towhee Pipilo maculatus clementae

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) only in particular Bird 

Conservation Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4243

Breeds Apr 15 to Jul 20 

Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius tricolor

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the 

continental USA and Alaska.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3910

Breeds Mar 15 to Aug 10 

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where the species was detected divided by the total number of survey events for that week. For 

example, if in week 12 there were 20 survey events and the Spotted Towhee was found in 5 of 

them, the probability of presence of the Spotted Towhee in week 12 is 0.25. 

2. To properly present the pattern of presence across the year, the relative probability of presence is 

calculated. This is the probability of presence divided by the maximum probability of presence 

across all weeks. For example, imagine the probability of presence in week 20 for the Spotted 

Towhee is 0.05, and that the probability of presence at week 12 (0.25) is the maximum of any week 

of the year. The relative probability of presence on week 12 is 0.25/0.25 = 1; at week 20 it is 

0.05/0.25 = 0.2. 

3. The relative probability of presence calculated in the previous step undergoes a statistical 

conversion so that all possible values fall between 0 and 10, inclusive. This is the probability of 

presence score. 

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the 

continental USA and Alaska.

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9483

Breeds elsewhere 

White Headed Woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus

This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) only in particular Bird 

Conservation Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA

https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9411

Breeds May 1 to Aug 15 

Willet Tringa semipalmata Breeds elsewhere 

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To see a bar's probability of presence score, simply hover your mouse cursor over the bar.

Breeding Season ( ) 

Yellow bars denote a very liberal estimate of the time-frame inside which the bird breeds across its 

entire range. If there are no yellow bars shown for a bird, it does not breed in your project area. 

Survey Effort ( ) 

Vertical black lines superimposed on probability of presence bars indicate the number of surveys 

performed for that species in the 10km grid cell(s) your project area overlaps. The number of surveys is 

expressed as a range, for example, 33 to 64 surveys. 

To see a bar's survey effort range, simply hover your mouse cursor over the bar. 

No Data ( ) 

development or 

activities.)

Black Skimmer

BCC Rangewide (CON)

(This is a Bird of 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) throughout its 

range in the 

continental USA and 

Alaska.)

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Black Swift

BCC Rangewide (CON)

(This is a Bird of 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) throughout its 

range in the 

continental USA and 

Alaska.)

Black-chinned 

Sparrow

BCC Rangewide (CON)

(This is a Bird of 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) throughout its 

range in the 

continental USA and 

(BCRs) in the 

continental USA)

Costa's 

Hummingbird

BCC - BCR (This is a 

Bird of Conservation 

Concern (BCC) only in 

particular Bird 

Conservation Regions 

(BCRs) in the 

continental USA)

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Golden Eagle

Non-BCC Vulnerable

(This is not a Bird of 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) in this area, but 

warrants attention 

because of the Eagle 

Act or for potential 

susceptibilities in 

offshore areas from 

certain types of 

development or 

activities.)

Lawrence's 

Goldfinch

BCC Rangewide (CON)

Nuttall's 

Woodpecker

BCC - BCR (This is a 

Bird of Conservation 

Concern (BCC) only in 

particular Bird 

Conservation Regions 

(BCRs) in the 

continental USA)

Oak Titmouse

BCC Rangewide (CON)

(This is a Bird of 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) throughout its 

range in the 

continental USA and 

Alaska.)

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Rufous 

Hummingbird

BCC Rangewide (CON)

(This is a Bird of 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) throughout its 

range in the 

continental USA and 

Alaska.)

Rufous-winged 

Sparrow

BCC Rangewide (CON)

(This is a Bird of 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) throughout its 

range in the 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) throughout its 

range in the 

continental USA and 

Alaska.)

Whimbrel

BCC Rangewide (CON)

(This is a Bird of 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) throughout its 

range in the 

continental USA and 

Alaska.)

SPECIES JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

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White Headed 

Woodpecker

BCC - BCR (This is a 

Bird of Conservation 

Concern (BCC) only in 

particular Bird 

Conservation Regions 

(BCRs) in the 

continental USA)

Willet

BCC Rangewide (CON)

(This is a Bird of 

Conservation Concern 

(BCC) throughout its 

range in the 

continental USA and 

(Eagle Act requirements may apply), or a species that has a particular vulnerability to offshore activities or 

development. 

Again, the Migratory Bird Resource list includes only a subset of birds that may occur in your project area. It is not 

representative of all birds that may occur in your project area. To get a list of all birds potentially present in your 

project area, please visit the E-bird Explore Data Tool. 

What does IPaC use to generate the probability of presence graphs for the migratory birds potentially occurring in 

my specified location?

The probability of presence graphs associated with your migratory bird list are based on data provided by the Avian 

Knowledge Network (AKN). This data is derived from a growing collection of survey, banding, and citizen science 

datasets . 

IPaC: Explore Location Page 16 of 19

https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/location/GIILA3NXHZFDNN757Q55K55V5A/resources 6/21/2018
Probability of presence data is continuously being updated as new and better information becomes available. To learn 

more about how the probability of presence graphs are produced and how to interpret them, go the Probability of 

Presence Summary and then click on the "Tell me about these graphs" link. 

How do I know if a bird is breeding, wintering, migrating or present year-round in my project area?

To see what part of a particular bird's range your project area falls within (i.e. breeding, wintering, migrating or yearround), you may refer to the following resources: The Cornell Lab of Ornithology All About Birds Bird Guide, or (if you 

are unsuccessful in locating the bird of interest there), the Cornell Lab of Ornithology Neotropical Birds guide. If a bird 

on your migratory bird species list has a breeding season associated with it, if that bird does occur in your project area, 

there may be nests present at some point within the timeframe specified. If "Breeds elsewhere" is indicated, then the 

bird likely does not breed in your project area. 

tracking data, see the Diving Bird Study and the nanotag studies or contact Caleb Spiegel or Pam Loring. 

What if I have eagles on my list?

If your project has the potential to disturb or kill eagles, you may need to obtain a permit to avoid violating the Eagle 

Act should such impacts occur. 

Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report

The migratory bird list generated is not a list of all birds in your project area, only a subset of birds of priority concern. 

To learn more about how your list is generated, and see options for identifying what other birds may be in your project 

area, please see the FAQ “What does IPaC use to generate the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specified 

location”. Please be aware this report provides the “probability of presence” of birds within the 10 km grid cell(s) that 

overlap your project; not your exact project footprint. On the graphs provided, please also look carefully at the survey 

IPaC: Explore Location Page 17 of 19

https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/location/GIILA3NXHZFDNN757Q55K55V5A/resources 6/21/2018
effort (indicated by the black vertical bar) and for the existence of the “no data” indicator (a red horizontal bar). A high 

survey effort is the key component. If the survey effort is high, then the probability of presence score can be viewed as 

more dependable. In contrast, a low survey effort bar or no data bar means a lack of data and, therefore, a lack of 

certainty about presence of the species. This list is not perfect; it is simply a starting point for identifying what birds of 

concern have the potential to be in your project area, when they might be there, and if they might be breeding (which 

means nests might be present). The list helps you know what to look for to confirm presence, and helps guide you in 

knowing when to implement conservation measures to avoid or minimize potential impacts from your project 

activities, should presence be confirmed. To learn more about conservation measures, visit the FAQ “Tell me about 

conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory birds” at the bottom of your 

migratory bird trust resources page. 

Fish hatcheries

THERE ARE NO FISH HATCHERIES AT THIS LOCATION.

Wetlands in the National Wetlands Inventory

Impacts to NWI wetlands and other aquatic habitats may be subject to regulation under Section 404 of 

the Clean Water Act, or other State/Federal statutes. 

For more information please contact the Regulatory Program of the local U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

IPaC: Explore Location Page 18 of 19

https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/location/GIILA3NXHZFDNN757Q55K55V5A/resources 6/21/2018
District. 

WETLAND INFORMATION IS NOT AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME

This can happen when the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) map service is unavailable, or for very 

large projects that intersect many wetland areas. Try again, or visit the NWI map to view wetlands at 

this location. 

Data limitations

The Service's objective of mapping wetlands and deepwater habitats is to produce reconnaissance level information 

on the location, type and size of these resources. The maps are prepared from the analysis of high altitude imagery. 

activities. 

IPaC: Explore Location Page 19 of 19

https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/location/GIILA3NXHZFDNN757Q55K55V5A/resources 6/21/2018
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

This page is intentionally blank.
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

Appendix B. California Natural Diversity Database 

Query
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

This page is intentionally blank.
 	

 
	
 


	

 	




 	
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Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

Appendix C. Vegetation Communities Maps
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

This page is intentionally blank.
Whittier Blvd

W Olympic Blvd

N

Grand Ave

N Herbert Ave

S Figueroa St

N Figueroa St

E 9Th St

Valley Blvd

Miramar St

W 8Th

Pl

Alpine St

E Macy St

N Main St

E 7Th St

Beverly Blvd

S

Grand

Ave

W Temple St

W 4Th St

E Olympic Blvd

E 1St St

S

Main

St

N Alameda St

Venice Blvd

Porter St

E 8Th St

S

Lorena

St

W 2Nd St

N

Hill St

City Terrace Dr

Medford St

Marengo St

E Cesar E Chavez Ave

N Spring St

W Washington Blvd

Wilshire Blvd

W Pico Blvd

Mateo St

N Soto St

E 3Rd St

Center St

N Vignes

St

Ramirez St

Naomi Ave

E 4Th St

Hooper Ave

W 1St St

Wabash Ave

E 11Th St

W 7Th St

W 3Rd St

S

Central Ave

S

Alameda St

S

San

Pedro

St

N Broadway

E 5Th St

Daly St

E Washington Blvd

E 16Th St

N Lorena St

Euclid

Ave

E 3Rd Pl

S Soto St

W 6Th St

W 8Th St

S

Alvarado

St

W 9Th St

E 4Th Pl

E Temple St

S

Santa Fe Ave

N Mission

Rd

W 5Th St

E 6Th St

S

Broadway

ST110

ST60

£¤101

 ̈¦§10

 ̈¦§5

East Los

Angeles

Los Angeles

Figure 1

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Coastal Scrub

Urban

[

N
S Santa Fe Ave

S Soto St

Atlantic Blvd

Bandini Blvd

Telegraph

Rd

Soto St

Slauson Ave

E Washington Blvd

N Garfield Ave

E Olympic Blvd

Atlantic Ave

S Lorena St

Pacific Blvd

S Eastern Ave

Gage Ave

E 38Th St

S Atlantic Blvd

E 37Th St

E Gage Ave

Whittier Blvd

E Slauson Ave

Garfield Ave

ST72

 ̈¦§5

 ̈¦§710

Bell

Bell Gardens

Commerce

East Los

Angeles

Huntington

Park

Los Angeles

Maywood

Montebello

Montebello

Vernon

Figure 2

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Lacustrine

Urban

[

N
Slauson Ave

Broadway

Ave

B ev e rl y Bl vd

Washington Blvd

Paramount Blvd

Telegraph Rd

Passons

Blvd

G age Ave

Garfield

Ave

Painter

Ave

E Gage Ave

E Slauson Ave

Broadway

Santa

Fe

Springs

Rd

Norwalk Blvd

Florence Ave

Mulberry Dr

ST42

ST19

ST72

 ̈¦§605

 ̈¦§5

Bell Gardens

Commerce

Downey

Montebello

Pico Rivera

Santa Fe

Springs

South

Whittier

South

Whittier

West

Whittier-Los

Nietos

Whittier

Figure 3

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Evergreen Orchard

Fresh Emergent Wetland

Lacustrine

Urban

Valley Foothill Riparian

[

N
Telegraph Rd

Norwalk Blvd

Firestone Blvd

Pioneer Blvd

Florence Ave

Carmenita Rd

Colima Rd

Mulberry

Dr

Studebaker Rd

Bloomfield Ave

Mills Ave

San Antonio Dr

La Mirada Blvd

Valley View Ave

Ro

s

e

c

r

a

n

s

A

v

e

Imperial Hwy

Leffingwell Rd Busby Dr

ST42

ST90

 ̈¦§105  ̈¦§605

 ̈¦§5

Downey

East La

Mirada

La Mirada

Norwalk

Santa Fe

Springs

Santa Fe

Springs

South

Whittier

Whittier

Figure 4

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Urban

[N
Alondra Blvd

Commonwealth Ave

Knott Ave

S Euclid St

W Commonwealth Ave

W Malvern Ave

Malvern Ave

Auto Center Dr

Rosecrans Ave

E Malvern Ave

Magnolia Ave

Valley View St

Artesia Blvd

W Bastanchury Rd

Firestone Blvd

La Mirada Blvd

Manchester Blvd

S Brookhurst Rd

Valley View Ave

W Valencia Mesa Dr

N

Gilbert St

Freeway Dr

N Euclid St

ST39

ST91

 ̈¦§5

L o s A n g eles

O r a nge

Buena Park

Fullerton

La Palma

La Palma

Cerritos

La Mirada

Norwalk

Santa Fe

Springs

Figure 5

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Urban [

N
Anaheim

Lake

N Tustin St

N East St

E Orangethorpe Ave

Kraemer Blvd

S Raymond Ave

Nutwood Ave

M

a

l

v

e

r

n

Ave

N Raymond Ave

W Commonwealth Ave E Commonwealth Ave

N Rose Dr

La Palma Ave

N Placentia Ave

N Tustin Ave

E Chapman Ave

S Placentia Ave

N State College Blvd

S Kraemer Blvd

W La Palma Ave

S Harbor Blvd

E La Palma Ave

N Euclid St

Brea

Blvd

W Chapman Ave

S Rose Dr

N Kraemer Blvd

N Harbor Blvd

W Orangethorpe Ave

S State College Blvd ST91

ST57

ST72

Anaheim

Fullerton

Orange

Placentia

Yorba Linda

Yorba

Linda

Figure 6

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Urban

[N
Village Center Dr

N Weir Canyon Blvd

PASEO De Las Palomas

S Weir Canyon Rd

Esperanza Rd

E La Palma Ave

Santa Ana Canyon Rd

N

Tustin A

ve

N Kellogg Dr

New River Rd

Kellogg

Dr

Lakeview Ave

N Richfield Rd

E Orangethorpe Ave

Fairmont

Blvd

N Tustin St

Orangethorpe Ave

S Richfield Rd

S Lakeview Ave

Yorba Linda Blvd

Richfield Rd

S Fairmont Blvd

E Santa Ana Canyon Rd

La Palma Ave

N Lakeview Ave

S Serrano

Ave

ST90

ST91

Anaheim

Placentia

Yorba

Linda

Yorba Linda

Figure 7

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Coastal Scrub

Fresh Emergent Wetland

Pasture

Urban

Valley Foothill Riparian

[

N
CAMINO De

Bryant

S

G

y

p

s

u

m

Ca

n

yon

Rd

E Santa Ana Canyon Rd

La Palma Ave

Palisades Dr

Kodia

k

Mt Dr

Green River Rd

ST91

ST71

ST241

S a n B e r n ardino

R i v e r side

S a n B e r n ardino

O r a nge

R i v e r side

O r a nge

Chino Hills

Corona

Anaheim

Yorba Linda

Figure 8

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Coastal Oak Woodland

Coastal Scrub

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Eucalyptus

Fresh Emergent Wetland

Lacustrine

Mixed Chaparral

Montane Riparian

Urban

Valley Foothill Riparian [

N
River

Rd

S Main St

Auto

Center Dr

Green River Rd

S

Buena Vista A

v

e

W Olive St

Hamner Ave

S Jo

y

St

PASEO Grande

Magnolia Ave

Smith St

6Th St

Lincoln

Ave

Railroad St

Promenade Ave

Cresta Rd

W 6Th St

2Nd St

Border Ave

E Parkridge Ave

W 10Th St

N Joy St

Fullerton

Ave

Hidden Valley Pky

Corydon Ave

E 10Th St

E 6Th St

N Smith Ave

W 8Th St

N

Lincoln A

v

e

W

Gra

n

d

Blvd

E Grand

Blvd

Aviation Dr

Serfas

Club Dr

S

W 2Nd St

M

a

ple

St

E 2Nd St

Palisades Dr

S Lincoln Ave

N Main St

W Rincon St

E 8Th St

Butterfield Dr

S

Sherid

an St

E Olive St

N Maple

St

N Buena Vista Ave

VIA Del Rio

S Smith Ave

ST91

ST31

 ̈¦§15

Corona

Corona

Home

Gardens

Norco

Norco

Figure 9

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Coastal Oak Woodland

Coastal Scrub

Eucalyptus

Fresh Emergent Wetland

Urban

Valley Foothill Riparian

[

N
Riverwalk Pky

6Th St

Indiana

Ave

N Mckinley St

Promenade Ave

Magnolia Ave

Van Buren Blvd

Hole Ave

Grant St

Jackson St

La Sierra Ave

Buchanan Ave

Tyler St

Wells

Ave

Pierce St

Mcallister St Victoria Ave

ST91

Corona

Home Gardens

Norco

Riverside

Figure 10

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Urban

[N
Adams St Magnolia Ave

Van Buren Blvd

Mary St

Jefferson St

Madison St

Jackson St

Monroe St

Washington St

Hillside Ave

Central Ave

C

h

i

cago

Av

A

Arlington Ave

e

irport Dr

Palm Ave

Streeter Ave

Tibbetts St

Alessandro Blvd

California Ave

Victoria Ave

Colorado Ave

Brockton Ave

Dewey Ave ST91

Riverside

Woodcrest

Figure 11

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Coastal Scrub

Urban

[N
El Cerrito Dr

Main St

Victoria Ave

E La Cadena Dr

1St St

Vine

St

Bandini Ave

Canyon Crest Dr

5Th St

12Th St

14Th St

Kansas Ave

Lemon St

University Ave

Jurupa Ave

Pine St

Rubidoux

Blvd

C olumbia Ave

7Th St

B

ox

Springs Blvd

Palm Ave

3Rd St

Spruce St

W Blaine St

Redwood Dr

Mission Blvd

Chicago Ave

Cactus Ave

Grand Ave

Riverview Dr

Mission Inn Ave

Watkins Dr

Martin Luther King Blvd

Buena Vista Ave

Magnolia Ave

Brockton Ave

Market St

ST60

ST91

 ̈¦§215

Riverside

Rubidoux

Figure 12

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Coastal Scrub

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Urban

[

N
Agua

Mansa

Rd

N Main St

S Riverside Ave

Columbia Ave

S Iowa Ave

E Barton Rd

Center St

Mount Vernon Ave

Market St

R

e

c

h

e

Cany

on R

d

Mt Ve rno

n

Ave

La Cadena Dr

N

Orange

St

S La Cadena Dr

Pigeon Pass Rd

Barton Rd

W

Agua

Mansa Rd Main St

ST60

 ̈¦§215

S a n B e r n ardino

R i v e r side

Bloomington

Colton

Colton

Grand Terrace

Rialto

Rialto

Highgrove

Riverside Rubidoux

Figure 13

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Deciduous Orchard

Eucalyptus

Fresh Emergent Wetland

Mixed Chaparral

Pasture

Urban [

N
N Mount Vernon Ave

S Waterman Ave

Carnegie Dr

N 10Th St

S Barton Rd

Rancho Ave

E Redlands Blvd

Anderson St

S Mount Vernon Ave

S

Tippecanoe Ave

Barton Rd

R

e

c

h

e

Cany

on Rd

N La Cadena Dr

E F St

S

La Cad

ena Dr

E Barton Rd

Fairway Dr

Mountain View Ave

E Valley Blvd

E M St

Hunts Ln

Mount Vernon Ave

S E St

E Washington St

Colton Ave

La Cadena Dr

N Rancho Ave

W Valley Blvd

S

Auto Plaza Dr

S

Ra

n

c

h

o

Av

e

S Hunts Ln

Redlands Blvd

W Lugonia Ave

Beaumont Ave

 ̈¦§10

 ̈¦§215

Colton

Colton

Colton

Colton

Colton

Grand Terrace

Loma Linda

Redlands

Redlands San

Bernardino

Figure 14

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Deciduous Orchard

Fresh Emergent Wetland

Mixed Chaparral

Pasture

Urban

Valley Foothill Riparian

[

N
Beaumont Ave

Alabama St

Elizabeth St

Terracina Blvd

Ales

s

a

n

dro

R

d

C

alifornia St

E Cypress Ave

Barton Rd

E Highland Ave

W Crescent Ave

W Highland Ave

5Th Ave

Franklin Ave

W Cypress Ave

Brookside Ave

E Redlands Blvd

Lakeside

Ave

Mountain View Ave

Cajon St

S San Mateo St

Ford St

S

Center St

Serpentine Dr

W Sunset Dr

E Sunset Dr N

San

Timoteo

Canyon

Rd

W Fern Ave

Garden

St

 ̈¦§10

S a n B e r n ardino

R i v e r side

Loma

Linda

Loma Linda

Redlands

Figure 15

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Coastal Oak Woodland

Coastal Scrub

Deciduous Orchard

Eucalyptus

Evergreen Orchard

Mixed Chaparral

Montane Riparian

Pasture

Urban

Valley Foothill Riparian [

N
Live Oak Canyon Rd

San Timoteo Canyon Rd

Redlands Blvd

S a n B e r n ardino

R i v e r side

Redlands Yucaipa

Calimesa

Figure 16

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Barren

Coastal Oak Woodland

Coastal Scrub

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Deciduous Orchard

Eucalyptus

Fresh Emergent Wetland

Lacustrine

Mixed Chaparral

Montane Riparian

Pasture

Urban

Valley Foothill Riparian

[

N
E 8Th St

Jack Rabbit Trl

14Th St

Brookside Ave

W 6Th St

Desert Lawn Dr

E 6Th St

San Timoteo Canyon Rd

E 14Th St Beaumont Ave

Union St

Cherry Valley Blvd

ST60

ST79

 ̈¦§10

Beaumont

Calimesa Cherry Valley

Figure 17

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Coastal Oak Woodland

Coastal Scrub

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Fresh Emergent Wetland

Mixed Chaparral

Riverine, Lacustrine

Urban

Valley Foothill Riparian [

N
22Nd St

Sunset Ave

N

Sunset Ave

W Wilson St

Pennsylvania Ave

Ramsey St

S

Sunset Ave

S 22Nd St

W 6Th St

W Westward Ave

Highland Springs Ave

N 8Th St

Oak Valley Pky

S 8Th St

N

22Nd

St

E 14Th St

Sunrise Ave

W Ramsey St

Beaumont Ave

E 6Th St

E 8Th St

14Th St

ST79

ST243

 ̈¦§10 Banning

Beaumont

Beaumont

Figure 18

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Coastal Scrub

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Riverine, Lacustrine

Urban

Valley Foothill Riparian [

N
Broadway St

W Lincoln St

N San Gorgonio Ave

WW

e

s

t

w

a

r

d

Av

e

W Wilson St

S Hargrave St

Apache Trl

E Ramsey St

S San Gorgonio Ave Bluff St

Fields Rd

E Lincoln St

W Ramsey St

EG

eorgeS

t

Bonita Ave

Seminole

Dr

Morongo Rd

E Repplier Rd

E Wilson St

N Hathaway St

Main St

N Hargrave St

ST243

 ̈¦§10

Banning

Cabazon

Figure 19

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Annual Grassland

Coastal Scrub

Desert Riparian, Desert Wash

Desert Scrub

Desert Wash

Urban

[N
H

augen

Lehman Way

Ma

i

n

St

Cottonwood Dr

 ̈¦§10

Cabazon

Palm Springs

Figure 20

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Desert Scrub

Desert Wash

Urban

[N
Dillon Rd

Tipton Rd

Worsley Rd

20Th Ave

ST62

£¤111

 ̈¦§10

Palm Springs

Palm Springs

Figure 21

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Desert Scrub

Urban

[N
2

0

T

h

A

v

e

N Gene Autry Trl

N Indian Canyon Dr

Palm Dr

Mt View Rd

Varner Rd

£¤111

 ̈¦§10

Cathedral

City

Cathedral

City

Palm Springs

Figure 22

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Desert Scrub

Urban

[N
30Th Ave

Landau Blvd

Date Palm Dr

V

i

s

ta

C

hi

no

 ̈¦§

Varner Rd

10

Cathedral

City

Palm Springs

Rancho Mirage

Thousand

Palms

Figure 23

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Desert Scrub

Urban

[N
Cook St

Gerald Ford Dr

Dinah Shore Dr

Washington St

Monterey Ave

Bob Hope Dr

Ramon Rd

Varner Rd

Palm Desert

 ̈¦§10

Rancho Mirage

Thousand

Palms

Figure 24

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Desert Scrub

Urban

[N
Frank Sinatra Dr

Washington St

Burr St

Jefferson St

Oasis Club Dr

Del Safari Dr

42Nd Ave

V

a

r

n

e

r

Rd

AVE 42

Indio Blvd

Ho

v

l

e

yLn

E

Country Club Dr

ST86  ̈¦§10

Bermuda Dunes

Indian Wells

Indio

La Quinta

Palm Desert

Figure 25

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Desert Scrub

Urban

[N
Market St

Jackson St

Aspen St

Van Buren St

Burr St

Dillon Rd

Fred Waring Dr

Monroe St

Golf Center Pky

AVE 48

Indio Blvd

48T

h

Av

e

AVE 44 Auto Center Dr

44Th Ave

ST111

ST86

ST86S

£¤111

£¤86

 ̈¦§10

Coachella

Indio

Figure 26

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Alkali Desert Scrub

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Desert Scrub

Urban

[N
50Th Ave

52Nd Ave AVE 52 Jackson St

AVE 50

Van Buren St

ST86

ST86S

£¤86

£¤111

Coachella

Indio

Figure 27

Vegetation Communities within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_Vegetation.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: Vegetation-CDFW (2012), CVMSHCP (2016),

CalVeg (2011); Base Layers-ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Vegetation Communities

Cropland, Orchard - Vineyard

Urban

[N

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

Appendix D. National Wetland Inventory Maps
Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Program

Biological and Wetland Resources Technical Memorandum

This page is intentionally blank.
Whittier Blvd

W Olympic Blvd

N

Grand Ave

N Herbert Ave

S Figueroa St

N Figueroa St

E 9Th St

Valley Blvd

Miramar St

W 8Th

Pl

Alpine St

E Macy St

N Main St

E 7Th St

Beverly Blvd

S

Grand

Ave

W Temple St

W 4Th St

E Olympic Blvd

E 1St St

S

Main

St

N Alameda St

Venice Blvd

Porter St

E 8Th St

S

Lorena

St

W 2Nd St

N

Hill St

City Terrace Dr

Medford St

Marengo St

E Cesar E Chavez Ave

N Spring St

W Washington Blvd

Wilshire Blvd

W Pico Blvd

Mateo St

N Soto St

E 3Rd St

Center St

N Vignes St Ramirez St

Naomi Ave

E 4Th St

Hooper Ave

W 1St St

Wabash Ave

E 11Th St

W 7Th St

W 3Rd St

S

Central Ave

S

Alameda St

S

San

Pedro

St

N Broadway

E 5Th St

Daly St

E Washington Blvd

E 16Th St

N Lorena St

Euclid

Ave

E 3Rd Pl

S Soto St

W 6Th St

W 8Th St

S

Alvarado

St

W 9Th St

E 4Th Pl

E Temple St

S

Santa Fe Ave

N Mission

Rd

W 5Th St

E 6Th St

S

Broadway

ST110

ST60

£¤101

 ̈¦§10

 ̈¦§5

Los Angeles River

East Los

Angeles

Los Angeles

Figure 1

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Riverine [

N
S Santa Fe Ave

S Soto St

Atlantic Blvd

Bandini Blvd

Telegraph

Rd

Soto St

Slauson Ave

E Washington Blvd

N Garfield Ave

E Olympic Blvd

Atlantic Ave

S Lorena St

Pacific Blvd

S Eastern Ave

Gage Ave

E 38Th St

S Atlantic Blvd

E 37Th St

E Gage Ave

Whittier Blvd

E Slauson Ave

Garfield Ave

ST72

 ̈¦§5

 ̈¦§710

Los Angeles

River

Bell

Bell Gardens

Commerce

East Los

Angeles

Huntington

Park

Los Angeles

Maywood

Montebello

Vernon

Figure 2

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond Riverine [

N
Slauson Ave

Broadway

Ave

B ev e rl y Bl vd

Washington Blvd

Paramount Blvd

Telegraph Rd

Passons

Blvd

G age Ave

Garfield

Ave

Painter

Ave

E Gage Ave

E Slauson Ave

Broadway

Santa

Fe

Springs

Rd

Norwalk Blvd

Florence Ave

Mulberry Dr

ST42

ST19

ST72

 ̈¦§605

 ̈¦§5

Rio

Hondo

San Gabriel

River

Bell Gardens

Commerce

Downey

Montebello

Pico Rivera

Santa Fe

Springs

South

Whittier

West

Whittier-Los

Nietos

Whittier

Figure 3

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond

Lake

Riverine [

N
La Mirada Creek

Milan Creek

Telegraph Rd

Norwalk Blvd

Firestone Blvd

Pioneer Blvd

Florence Ave

Carmenita Rd

Colima Rd

Mulberry

Dr

Studebaker Rd

Bloomfield Ave

Mills Ave

San Antonio Dr

La Mirada Blvd

Valley View Ave

Ro

s

e

c

r

a

n

s

A

v

e

Imperial Hwy

Leffingwell Rd Busby Dr

ST42

ST90

 ̈¦§105  ̈¦§605

 ̈¦§5

La Canada

Verde Creek

Downey

East La

Mirada

La Mirada

Norwalk

Santa Fe

Springs

South

Whittier

Whittier

Figure 4

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond Riverine

[N
County Flood Control

Fullerton Creek

Coyote

Creek

Flood Control Channel

Brea Creek

Alondra Blvd

Commonwealth Ave

Knott Ave

South St

S Euclid St

W Commonwealth Ave

W Malvern Ave

Malvern Ave

Auto Center Dr

Rosecrans Ave

E Malvern Ave

Magnolia Ave

Valley View St

Artesia Blvd

W Bastanchury Rd

Firestone Blvd

La Mirada Blvd

Manchester Blvd

S Brookhurst Rd

Valley View Ave

W Valencia Mesa Dr

N

Gilbert St

Freeway Dr

N Euclid St

ST39

ST91

 ̈¦§5

L o s A n g eles

O r a nge

Coyote

Creek

La Mirada

Creek

Brea Creek

Fullerton Creek

Buena Park

Fullerton

La Palma

Cerritos

La Mirada

Norwalk

Santa Fe

Springs

Figure 5

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond Riverine [

N
Anaheim

Lake

Carbon

Canyon

Creek

Flood Control Chanel

Fullerton Creek

Carbon

Creek

Brea Creek

N Tustin St

N East St

E Orangethorpe Ave

Krae

m

er Blvd

S Raymond Ave

Nutwood Ave

Malvern Ave

N Raymond Ave

W Commonwealth Ave E Commonwealth Ave

N Rose Dr

E Yorba Linda Blvd

La Palma Ave

N Placentia Ave

N Tustin Ave

E Chapman Ave

S Placentia Ave

N

State College Blvd

S Kraemer Blvd

W La Palma Ave

S

Harbor Blvd

E La Palma Ave

N

Euclid

St

Brea Blvd

W Chapman Ave

S Rose Dr

N Kraemer Blvd

N

Harb

or Blvd

W Orangethorpe Ave

S State College Blvd

ST91

ST57

ST72

Carbon

Creek

Atwood

Channel

Carbon

Canyon Creek

Fullerton

Creek

Anaheim

Fullerton

Orange

Placentia

Yorba

Linda

Figure 6

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Freshwater Pond

Lake

Riverine

[

N
Anaheim Union Canal

Santa Ana Valley Canal

Union Canal

Carbon Creek Channel

Santa Ana River

MWD Santiago Lateral

Warner

Basin

Village Center Dr

PASEO De Las Palomas

S Weir Canyon Rd

Esperanza

Rd

E La Palma Ave

Santa

Ana

Canyon Rd

N

Tustin A

ve

N Kellogg Dr

New River Rd

Kellogg

Dr

Lakeview Ave

N Richfield Rd

E Orangethorpe Ave

Fairmont

Blvd

N Tustin St

Orangethorpe Ave

S Richfield Rd

S Lakeview

Ave

Yorba Linda Blvd

Richfield Rd

S Fairmont Blvd

E Santa Ana Canyon Rd

La Palma Ave

N Lakeview Ave

S Serrano

Ave

ST90

ST91

Anaheim

Union Canal

MWD

Santiago

Lateral Santa Ana River

Atwood Channel

Anaheim

Placentia

Yorba Linda

Figure 7

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland

Freshwater Pond

Lake

Riverine

[

N
Blue Mud Canyon

Chino Creek

Fresno Creek

Santa

A

na River

CAMINO De

Bryant

S

G

y

p

s

u

m

Ca

n

yon

Rd

E Santa Ana Canyon Rd

La Palma Ave

Palisades Dr

Kodia

k

Mt Dr

Green River Rd

ST91

ST71

ST241

S a n B e r n ardino

R i v e r side

S a n B e r n ardino

O r a nge

R i v e r side

O r a nge

Santa Ana River Coal Creek

Wardlow Wash

MWD Lower Feeder

Chino Hills

Corona

Anaheim

Yorba Linda

Figure 8

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland

Freshwater Pond

Lake

Riverine

[

N
Temescal Creek Wash

Canyon Wash

Mill Creek

Temescal Wash

Santa Ana River

Wardlow Wash

Temescal Creek

River

Rd

S Main St

Auto

Ce

nter Dr

Green River Rd

S

Buena Vista A

v

e

W Olive St

Hamner Ave

S Jo

y

St

PASEO Grande

Magnolia Ave

Smith St

6Th St

Lincoln

Ave

Railroad St

Promenade Ave

Cresta Rd

W 6Th St

2Nd St

Border Ave

E

Parkridge Ave

W 10Th St

N Joy St

Fullerton

Ave

Hidden Valley Pky

Corydon Ave

E 10Th St

E 6Th St

N Smith Ave

W 8Th St

N

Lincoln A

v

e

W

Gra

n

d

Blvd

E Grand

Blvd

Aviation Dr

Serfas

Club Dr

S

W 2Nd St

M

a

ple

St

E 2Nd St

Palisades Dr

S Lincoln Ave

N Main St

W Rincon St

E 8Th St

Butterfield Dr

S

Sherid

an St

E Olive St

N Maple

St

N Buena Vista Ave

VIA Del Rio

S Smith Ave

ST91

ST31

 ̈¦§15

Temescal Wash

W

W

a

a

rdlow

sh

Corona

Home

Gardens

Norco

Figure 9

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland

Freshwater Pond

Riverine

[

N
Arlington Channel

Gage Canal

Sierra Channel

Riverside Canal

Riverwalk

Pky

6Th St

Indiana Ave

N

Mckinley St

Promenade Ave

Magnolia Ave

Van Buren Blvd

Hole Ave

Grant

St

Jackson St

La

Sierra Ave

Buchanan Ave

Tyler St

Wells Ave

Pierce

St

Mcallister St

Victoria Ave

ST91

Arlington

Valley Channel

MWD

Upper

Feeder

Riverside

Canal

Corona

Home Gardens

Norco

Riverside

Figure 10

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland

Freshwater Pond

Riverine [

N
Tequesquite Arroyo

Aqueduct

Gage Cana

R

l

iverside Canal

Adams St Magnolia Ave

Van Buren Blvd

Mary St

Jefferson St

Madison St

Jackson St

Monroe St

Washington St

Hillside Ave

Central Ave

C

h

i

cago

Av

A

Arlington Ave

e

irport Dr

Palm Ave

Streeter Ave

Tibbetts St

Alessandro Blvd

California Ave

Victoria Ave

Colorado Ave

Brockton Ave

Dewey Ave ST91

MWD Upper Feeder

Riverside Canal

Riverside

Woodcrest

Figure 11

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond Riverine

[N
Sprin g

Brook River

Riverside Canal

Tequesquite Arroyo

Gage

Canal

Lake

Evans

El Cerrito Dr

Main St

Victoria Ave

E La Cadena Dr

1St St

Vine St

Bandini Ave

Canyon Crest Dr

5Th St

12Th St

14Th St

Kansas Ave

Lemon St

University Ave

Jurupa Ave

Pine St

Rubidoux

Blvd

C olumbia Ave

7Th St

B

ox

Springs Blvd

Palm Ave

3Rd St

Spruce St

W Blaine St

Redwood Dr

Mission Blvd

Chicago Ave

Cactus Ave

Grand Ave

Riverview Dr

Mission Inn Ave

Watkins Dr

Martin Luther King Blvd

Buena Vista Ave

Magnolia Ave

Brockton Ave

Market St

ST60

ST91  ̈¦§215

Tequesquite

Arroyo

Riverside

Canal

Riverside

Rubidoux

Figure 12

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland

Freshwater Pond

Riverine

[

N
Spring Brook River

Riverside Ca

nal

Springbrook Wash

Gage

Canal

Santa

Ana

River

Agua Mansa Rd

N Main St

S Riverside Ave

Columbia Ave

S Iowa Ave

E Barton Rd

Center St

Mount Vernon Ave

Market St

R

e

c

h

e

Cany

on R

d

Mt Ve rno

n

Ave

La Cadena Dr

N

Orange

St

S La Cadena Dr

Pigeon Pass Rd

Barton Rd

W

Agua

Mansa Rd Main St

ST60

 ̈¦§215

S a n B e r n ardino

R

R i v e r side iverside

Canal

West Riverside Canal

Spring

Brook

Bloomington

Colton

Grand Terrace

Rialto

Highgrove

Riverside Rubidoux

Figure 13

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond Riverine [

N
Gage Canal

Riverside Ca

nal

San Timoteo Wash

Santa

Ana River

N Mount Vernon Ave

S Waterman Ave

Carnegie Dr

N 10Th St

S Barton Rd

Rancho Ave

E Redlands Blvd

Anderson St

S Mount Vernon Ave

S

Tippecanoe Ave

Barton Rd

Reche Canyon Rd

N La Cadena Dr

E F St

S

La Cad

ena Dr

E Barton Rd

Fairway Dr

Mountain View Ave

E Valley Blvd

E M St

Hunts Ln

Mount Vernon Ave

S E St

E Washington St

Colton Ave

La Cadena Dr

N Rancho Ave

W Valley Blvd

S

Auto Plaza Dr

S

Ra

n

c

h

o

Av

e

S Hunts Ln

Redlands Blvd

W Lugonia Ave

Beaumont Ave

 ̈¦§10

 ̈¦§215

Warm

Creek

San Timoteo Wash

West Riverside

Canal

Santa Ana

River

Gage

Canal

Colton

Grand Terrace

Loma Linda

Redlands San

Bernardino

Figure 14

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond Riverine [

N
Gage Canal

San Timoteo Wash

Beaumont Ave

Alabama St

Elizabeth St

Terracina Blvd

Ales

s

a

n

dro

R

d

C

alifornia St

E Cypress Ave

Barton Rd

E Highland Ave

W Crescent Ave

W Highland Ave

5Th Ave

Franklin Ave

W Cypress Ave

Brookside Ave

E Redlands Blvd

Lakeside

Ave

Mountain View Ave

Cajon St

S San Mateo St

Ford St

S

Center St

Serpentine Dr

W Sunset Dr

E Sunset Dr N

San

Timoteo

Canyon

Rd

W Fern Ave

Garden

St

 ̈¦§10

S a n B e r n ardino

R i v e r side

San Timoteo Wash

Loma Linda

Redlands

Figure 15

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond Riverine [

N
San Timoteo Wash

Yucaipa Creek

Live Oak Canyon Rd

San Timoteo Canyon Rd

Redlands Blvd

S a n B e r n ardino

Yuc

R i v e r side aipa

Creek

Redlands Yucaipa

Calimesa

Figure 16

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland

Freshwater Pond

Riverine

[

N
Mtn View Storm Channel

Little San Gorgonio Creek

Noble Creek

San Timoteo Wash

E 8Th St

Jack Rabbit

Trl

14Th St

Brookside Ave

W 6Th St

Desert Lawn Dr

E

6ThSt

San Timoteo Canyon Rd

E

14T

h

St Beaumont Ave

Union St

Cherry Valley Blvd

ST60

ST79

 ̈¦§10

Little San Gorgonio Creek

Noble

Creek

Beaumont

Calimesa Cherry Valley

Figure 17

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland

Riverine

[N
Smith Creek

Montgomery

Creek

Potrero Creek

Sunset Ave N Sunset Ave

W Wilson St

Pennsylvania Ave

Ramsey St

S Sunset Ave

S 22Nd St

W 6Th St

W Westward Ave

Highland Springs Ave

N 8Th St

O

a

k

Va

l

l

ey

Pky

S 8Th St

N 22Nd St

E1

4ThSt

Sunrise Ave

W Ramsey St

Beaumont Ave

E

6Th

S

t

E 8Th St

14Th St

ST79

ST243

 ̈¦§10

Potrero

Creek

Montgomery Creek

Smith

Creek

Banning

Beaumont

Figure 18

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Riverine

[N
Portero Creek

Deep Creek Middle Branch Millard Creek

San Gorgonio River

Smith Creek

Broadway St

W Lincoln St

N San Gorgonio Ave

WW

e

s

t

w

a

r

d

Av

e

W Wilson St

S Hargrave St

Apache Trl

E Ramsey St

S San Gorgonio Ave Bluff St

Fields Rd

E Lincoln St

W Ramsey St

EG

eorgeS

t

Bonita Ave

Seminole Dr

Morongo Rd

E Repplier Rd

E Wilson St

N Hathaway St

Main St

N Hargrave St

ST243

 ̈¦§10

Potrero Creek

San

Gorgonio

River

Banning

Cabazon

Figure 19

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Riverine

[N
Deep Creek

Cottonwood Canyon Creek

Stubbe Canyon Creek

C

o

l

o

r

a

d

o

R

i

v

e

r

A

q

u

e

d

u

c

t

Middle Branch Millard Creek

S

a

n

G

o

rg

o

n

io

R

ive

r

H

augen

Lehman Way

Main St

Cottonwood Dr

 ̈¦§10

San

Gorgonio River

Colorado River Aqueduct

Cabazon

Palm Springs

Figure 20

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Riverine

[N
Whitewater River

Snow CreekSan Gorgonio

River

Whitewater

River

Dillon Rd

Tipton Rd

Worsley Rd

20Th Ave

ST62

£¤111

 ̈¦§10

Whitewater River

Palm Springs

Figure 21

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Riverine

[N
Morongo Wash

Chino Creek

Whitewater

River

2

0

T

h

A

v

e

N Gene Autry Trl

N Indian Canyon Dr

Palm Dr

Mt View Rd

Varner Rd

£¤111

 ̈¦§10

Garnet Wash

Mission Creek

Cathedral

City

Palm Springs

Figure 22

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond Riverine

[N
30Th Ave

Landau Blvd

Date Palm Dr

V

i

s

ta

C

hi

no

Varner Rd

Cathedral

 ̈¦§10

City

Palm Springs

Rancho Mirage

Thousand

Palms

Figure 23

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Riverine

[N
Cook St

Gerald Ford Dr

Dinah Shore Dr

Washington St

Monterey Ave

Bob Hope Dr

Ramon Rd

Varner Rd  ̈¦§10

Palm Desert

Rancho Mirage

Thousand

Palms

Figure 24

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

[N
Coachella Cana

Coachella Canal

Frank Sinatra Dr

Washington St

Burr St

Jefferson St

Oasis Club Dr

Del Safari Dr

42Nd Ave

Varner Rd

AVE 42

Indio Blvd

Ho

v

l

e

yLn

E

Country Club Dr

ST86

 ̈¦§10

Coachella Canal

Whitewater River

Bermuda Dunes

Indian Wells

Indio

La Quinta

Palm Desert

Figure 25

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Riverine

[N
Whitewater River

Wasteway Number 3

C

o

achella

C

a

n

a

Coachella Canal

Market St

Jackson St

Aspen St

Van Buren St

Burr St

Dillon Rd

Fred Waring Dr

Monroe St

Golf Center Pky

AVE 48

Indio

Blvd

48T

h

Av

e

AVE 44 Auto Center Dr

4

4T

hAve

ST111

ST86

ST86S

£¤111

£¤86

 ̈¦§10

Coachella

Canal

Whitewater River

Coachella

Indio

Figure 26

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Freshwater Pond

Riverine

[N
Coachella Canal

Wasteway NO 2

Whitewater River

50Th Ave

52Nd Ave AVE 52 Jackson St

AVE 50

Van Buren St

ST86

ST86S

£¤86

£¤111

Coachella

Indio

Figure 27

National Wetland Inventory within Study Area

Coachella Valley-San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Study

Path: \\PDCCITRDSGIS1\Projects_2\RCTC_HDR\BanningPass_CVRail\Figures\Doc\Tech_Memos\Bio\Fig00_NWI.mxd; User: 19542; Date: 7/9/2018

0 0.25 0.5

Miles

S a n

L o s B e r n a rdino

A n g e les

O r a nge R i v e r side

S a n D i ego

Source: NWI (2018); Base Layers - ESRI (2017)

Alignment

Alignment 1000-ft Buffer

Freshwater Pond

[N