# Patent

## Title
Primer and laminate including resin coating film containing the same

## Abstract

The present invention provides a primer for a laminate for packaging having print suitability, such as excellent transfer properties of printing ink and dot reproducibility, high adhesive properties, excellent storage stability for a long period of time under highly humid conditions, and acid resistance which are obtained by improving adhesion between the base layer, a printing ink layer, a coating layer, and an adhesive layer; and a laminate containing the primer layer, and the primer containing: a main component (A) containing a copolymer containing, as a monomer, an unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group, and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound; a curing agent (B) containing a compound having an isocyanate group; and a compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a primer for a laminate which has excellent adhesive properties and heat resistance, and high definition printability, and is used in soft package fields such as food products, and medicaments; and a laminate including a coating film containing the primer.
BACKGROUND ART
Recently, various bases are printed. However, not all bases have excellent print suitability and further beautiful and high definition printing is required. At the same time, the base for a package is required to have heat resistance, retort resistance, water resistance, gas barrier properties, etc. in order to protect the contents therein.
As a method for improving the print suitability, there is a method (1) in which adhesion and transfer properties of the printing ink are improved by improving the surface of the base by a corona discharge treatment, a frame treatment, or a plasma treatment, and a method (2) in which the print suitability and adhesive properties are improved by forming a resin layer for providing high adhesive properties to the surface of the base. In order to improve the printing properties of a plastic base, the method (1) for improving the surface conditions by the corona discharge treatment, the frame treatment, or the plasma treatment is widely used, due to ease of the method (1), and popularization of the device used.
On the other hand, in the method (2), a urethane-based resin (for example, Patent Documents Nos. 1 and 2), a polyester-based resin (for example, Patent Documents Nos. 3 and 4), or an acryl polyol-based resin (for example, Patent Document No. 5), etc. is used to form a resin layer for applying the high adhesive properties. At the same time, an epoxy-based curing agent or an isocyanate-based curing agent is often used.
However, when the corona discharge treatment, or the frame treatment is used, the effects for improving the surface are decreased over time. In addition, the adhesive properties are insufficient under high humidities. Specifically, when an OPP film is subjected to the corona discharge treatment, or an ordinary frame treatment, the wettability at the surface of the film is about 50 mN/m just after the treatment. However, after six months, the wettability decreases to about 40 mN/m. Due to this, adhesive properties of the printing ink and dot reproducibility are often decreased.
In addition, as a special frame treatment, there is a method using silicic acid flame. In this method, the wettability at the surface of the base is improved to 70 mN/m or more by bonding an aminosilane with the surface of the base. The method can achieve beautiful and high definition printing. However, the treated surface has inferior rub resistance, hot water resistance, and adhesive properties under highly humid conditions. In addition, a printing ink and an adhesive used are required to have a hydrophilic group.
In the method using a urethane-based resin layer as a resin layer for providing high adhesive properties, adhesive properties are insufficient under highly humid conditions. As the method using a polyester-based resin layer as a resin layer for providing high adhesive properties, a method in which a high crystalline polyester and a low crystalline polyester are mixed or a high melting point-polyester and a low melting point-polyester are mixed is normally used. However, the former has a problem in that the adhesive properties are unstable, and resistance to hot water is insufficient.
When a urethane resin is formed on a PET film as a resin layer for providing high adhesive properties, adhesion of a urethane-based gravure ink for packages is remarkably improved. However, the adhesion of other resins, such as an acryl-based resin and the dot reproducibility are inferior.
A method in which a resin layer for providing high adhesive properties is made by combination between acryl polyol and an isocyanate-based curing agent improves adhesive properties between the base and a deposition layer by using an acryl resin (Patent Document No. 5). However, the resin layer for providing high adhesive properties may be dissolved by the printing ink containing an organic solvent, because the resin layer has insufficient solvent resistance. Due to this, printed images may be deteriorated. When the resin layer for providing high adhesive properties containing acryl polyol and an isocyanate-based curing agent is formed on a base having a high polarity, or the base having a high polarity is formed on the resin, and the laminate obtained is stored under highly humid conditions for a long period of time or immersed in water, the adhesive properties between the resin layer for providing high adhesive properties and the base may be decreased. In addition, when the adhesive interface in the laminate is wet with water in a short time, adhesive properties may be deteriorated. In particular, the adhesion is remarkably decreased under acidic conditions having pH 5 or less.
PRIOR ART DOCUMENT
Patent Document


    [Patent Document No. 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H11-20103
    [Patent Document No. 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2002-80705
    [Patent Document No. 3] Japanese Examined Patent Application, Second Publication No. S64-10118
    [Patent Document No. 4] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H4-33853
    [Patent Document No. 5] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2006-116704


DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
A first problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a primer for a laminate (for packaging) having print suitability, such as excellent transfer properties of printing ink and dot reproducibility, high adhesive properties, excellent storage stability for a long period of time under highly humid conditions, and acid resistance, which are obtained by improving adhesion between the base layer, a printing ink layer, a coating layer, and an adhesive layer.
A second problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a laminate (for packaging) including a primer layer containing the primer.
Means for Solving the Problem
As a result of intensive study, the present inventors achieved a primer having high adhesion, print suitability, excellent storage stability for a long period of time under highly humid conditions, and acid resistance by adding a compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the molecule to a primer which contains a main component (A) containing a copolymer having a specific unsaturated compound and a curing agent (B) containing a compound having an isocyanate group.
In addition, the present inventors also found that when the primer contains unsaturated nitrile (c) as a monomer constituting the copolymer contained in the main component (A), high definition printing properties can be obtained.
In other words, first, the present invention provides a primer containing:
a main component (A) containing a copolymer containing, as a monomer, an unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group, and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound;
a curing agent (B) containing a compound having an isocyanate group; and
a compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group.
Secondly, the present invention provides a laminate including a resin coating layer obtained by the main component (A), the curing agent (B), and the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group, on a base layer
Effects of the Present Invention
The present invention can provide a laminate (for packaging) which has improved adhesion between the base layer, a printing ink layer, a coating layer, and an adhesive layer, and thereby having both print suitability, such as excellent transfer properties of printing ink and dot reproducibility, and high adhesive properties. In particular, the present invention can provide a laminate having high hot water resistance, excellent storage stability for a long period of time under highly humid conditions, and acid resistance by using a base having high hot water resistance, excellent storage stability for a long period of time under highly humid conditions, and acid resistance.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the laminate (structure 1) according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the laminate (structure 2) according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the laminate (structure 3) according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the laminate (structure 4) according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the laminate (structure 5) according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the laminate (structure 6) according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the laminate (structure 7) according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the laminate (structure 8) according to the present invention.



BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
As explained above, the present invention provides a primer for a package to obtain a laminate for packaging having print suitability, such as excellent transfer properties of printing ink and dot reproducibility, and high adhesive properties, which are obtained by improving adhesion between the base layer, a printing ink layer, a coating layer, and an adhesive layer.
The primer according to the present invention contains:
a main component (A) containing a copolymer containing, as a monomer, an unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group, and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound;
a curing agent (B) containing a compound having an isocyanate group; and
a compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group.
It is also possible to add unsaturated nitrile (c), as a monomer, in the main component (A) containing a copolymer containing the above-mentioned specific unsaturated compounds.
The composition, which contains the main component (A) containing a copolymer containing, as a monomer, (a) an unsaturated compound having a hydroxyl group, and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound; and the curing agent (B) containing a compound having an isocyanate group, is a primer having improved adhesive properties to ink, adhesive, and various coating agents, improved print suitability, and improved ink adhesion. However, when the primer is formed on a base having a high polarity, or the base having a high polarity is formed on the primer, and the laminate obtained is stored under highly humid conditions for a long period of time or immersed in water, the adhesion between the primer and the base may be decreased. In particular, the adhesion is remarkably decreased under acidic conditions having pH 5 or less. The primer contains essentially an unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group. The larger an amount of the hydroxyl group, the lower the adhesion, because water or the acidic substance easily enters between the base and the primer.
In the present invention, a compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group is further added and mixed in the composition, which contains the main component (A) containing a copolymer containing, as a monomer, an unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group, and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound; and the curing agent (B) containing a compound having an isocyanate group. Thereby, the primer for a laminate (for packaging), which has excellent storage stability for a long period of time under highly humid conditions, and acid resistance, as well as print suitability, such as excellent transfer properties of printing ink and dot reproducibility, and high adhesive properties, can be obtained. This is caused by the effects that water or the acidic substance does not readily enter between the base and the primer by coordinating locally the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group on the surface of the base. In addition, it is also possible to achieve high definition printability having excellent ink-dot reproducibility by laminating the primer containing a copolymer having unsaturated nitrile (c) as a monomer.
The primer according to the present invention is used to form a resin coating film for a laminate, which is formed on the base and can be obtained by the main component (A), the curing agent (B), and the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group. The compound (C) may be mixed with the main component (A), or the curing agent (B), in advance. In addition, it is also possible to mix the main component (A), the curing agent (B), and the compound (C) before coating.
The laminate obtained can be used in high definition printing. For example, the laminate can be widely used as various excellent packages having excellent design.
Examples of the unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group include C2-C8 hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates, such as β-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, β-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, γ-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate and hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate having a hydroxyl group such as allyl alcohol, and modified ε-caprolactone with C2-C8 hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate having a polyoxyethylene chain and including a hydroxyl group at the end of the backborn chain, β-hydroxyvinyl ether, polyethylene glycol(meth)acrylate, and polypropylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate. When reactivity and the hydroxyl value are concerned, β-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate is preferably used. Moreover, “(meth)acrylate” means acrylate and/or methacrylate.
In addition, from the viewpoint of obtaining polymerization stability and high reactivity with an isocyanate group, β-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate is preferable, and β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate is most preferable.
It is preferable that the content of the unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group in the copolymer, which is converted to nonvolatile components, be in a range from 10 to 70% by mass. When the content of the unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group in the copolymer is less than 10% by mass, a sufficient crosslink structure is not readily formed, and thereby, a sufficient coating film strength and adhesion to the base may be decreased. In contrast, when it exceeds 70% by mass, it is necessary to use a large amount of the curing agent having an isocyanate group because of properties of the primer. Thereby, the surface of the primer just after coating may be sticky or the ink-dot reproducibility may decrease.
The primer according to the present invention contains essentially, as a monomer, at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound, in order to obtain polymerization stability, film forming-properties and water resistance of the coating film.
Examples of the unsaturated carboxylate include methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, n-propyl(meth)acrylate, isopropyl(meth)acrylate, n-butyl(meth)acrylate, isobutyl(meth)acrylate, sec-butyl(meth)acrylate, tert-butyl(meth)acrylate, n-amyl(meth)acrylate, n-octyl(meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, lauryl(meth)acrylate, stearyl(meth)acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl(meth)acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl(meth)acrylate, and 2-(n-propoxy)ethyl(meth)acrylate. Among these, when coating suitability, hot water resistance, and the glass transition point (Tg) are concerned, methyl(meth)acrylate is more preferable, and methyl methacrylate is most preferable.
Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid include (meth)acrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, and mesaconic acid.
Examples of the unsaturated hydrocarbon include ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, 1-butene, and 1-pentene.
Examples of the vinyl ester include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatate, and vinyl stearate.
Examples of the halogenated vinyl compound include vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and vinyl fluoride.
Among these, methyl(meth)acrylate is more preferable, and methyl methacrylate is most preferable.
It is preferable that the content of the unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound in the copolymer, which is converted in a nonvolatile component, be in a range from 20 to 55% by mass. When the content of the unsaturated compound (b) in the copolymer is less than 20% by mass, the relative amount of the unsaturated nitrile (c) and the unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group is larger, and solubility in a solvent tends to decrease. In contrast, when it exceeds 55% by mass, the relative amount of the unsaturated nitrile (c) and the unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group is smaller, crosslinking structure is insufficient. Due to this, the ink-dot reproducibility tends to decrease, together with insufficiency of coating film strength and hot water resistance.
When the unsaturated compound (b) contains acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as the unsaturated carboxylic acid, the content of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in the copolymer, which is converted in nonvolatile components, is preferably in a range from 0.05 to 3% by mass.
When the unsaturated compound (b) contains styrene, the content of styrene in the copolymer, which is converted in nonvolatile components, is preferably in a range from 0.01 to 30% by mass, and more preferably in a range from 0.05 to 10% by mass.
When the unsaturated compound (b) contains butyl(meth)acrylate as the unsaturated carboxylate, the content of butyl(meth)acrylate in the copolymer, which is converted in nonvolatile components, is preferably in a range from 0.01 to 30% by mass.
The main component (A) constituting the primer according to the present invention contains the copolymer containing, as a monomer, the unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group, and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound. It is also possible to add the unsaturated nitrile (c) as a monomer in the main component (A) containing the copolymer containing the abovementioned unsaturated compound.
Examples of the unsaturated nitrile (c) include (meth)acrylonitrile, α-chloroacryonitrile, α-chloromethyl acrylonitrile, α-methoxyacrylonitrile, and α-ethoxyacrylonitrile. When reactivity is concerned, (meth)acrylonitrile is preferable.
The content of the unsaturated nitrile (c) in the copolymer is preferably in a range from 0 to 50% by mass, and more preferably in a range from 10 to 50% by mass. When the content of the unsaturated nitrile (c) in the copolymer exceeds 50% by mass, the solubility of the copolymer in an organic solvent decreases, and this tends to prevent an increase of molecules during polymerization. Due to this, coating is not readily obtained. As a result, transparency of the primer is inferior, smoothness is insufficient, and the ink-dot reproducibility tends to be decreased. When the content of the unsaturated nitrile (c) in the copolymer is 10% by mass or more, the ink-dot reproducibility remarkably increases.
The unsaturated nitrile (c) makes a crosslinking structure with the curing agent (B) to improve the coating film strength and hot water resistance. Therefore, the copolymer in the main component (A) is required to have a hydroxyl group. In order to achieve this, the unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group is used.
Examples of the solvent used in the main component (A) in the primer according to the present invention include toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), cyclohexanone, SolvesSo®, isophorone, xylene, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, methanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate. The solvent used is not limited to these solvents.
The primer according to the present invention is primer for a laminate (for packaging) having both long-term storage stability under highly humid conditions, and acid resistance as well as adhesion, and print suitability by forming a crosslinked coating film by the reaction between the main component (A) and the curing agent (B), and adding the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the molecule to the coating film.
Examples of the curing agent (B) include compounds having an isocyanate group, which reacts with the hydroxyl group in a side chain of the copolymer contained in the main component (A).
Examples of the compound having an isocyanate group include aromatic diisocyanates, such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl methane diisocyanate, 2,4′-diphenyl methane diisocyanate, 2,2′-diphenyl methane diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 1,4-naphthylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, m-phenylene diisocyanate, o-xylylene diisocyanate, m-xylylene diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate, tetramethyl xylylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl ether diisocyanate, 2-nitrodiphenyl 4,4′-diisocyanate, 2,2′-diphenyl propane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 3,3′-dimethyl diphenyl methane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl propane diisocyanate, and 3,3′-dimethoxydiphenyl-4,4′-diisocyanate;
aliphatic diisocyanates, such as tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methyl-1,5-pentane diisocyanate, 3-methyl-1,5-pentane diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, and 2,2,4-trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate;
alicycle diisocyanates, such as isophorone diisocyanate, hydrogenated tolylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated diphenyl methane diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated tetramethyl xylylene diisocyanate, and cyclohexyl diisocyanate;
urethant-modified products, allophanate-modified products, urea-modified products, biuret-modified products, urethodione-modified products, urethoimine-modified products, isocyanurate-modified products, and carbodiimide-modified products of these organic isocyanates. These isocyanate compounds may be used alone or in combination.
In order to obtain excellent hot water resistance, aromatic isocyanates of which an isocyanate group is not directly bonded to the aromatic ring, such as o-xylylene diisocyanate, m-xylylene diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate, and tetramethyl xylylene diisocyanate; aliphatic diisocyanates such as tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methyl-1,5-pentane diisocyanate, 3-methyl-1,5-pentane diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, and 2,2,4-trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate; and alicyclic diisocyanates, such as isophorone diisocyanate, hydrogenated tolylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated diphenyl methane diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated tetramethyl xylylene diisocyanate, and cyclohexyl diisocyanate are preferably used among these isocyanate compounds.
Examples of the solvent used in the curing agent (B) include toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), cyclohexanone, SolvesSo®, isophorone, xylene, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate. The solvent used is not limited to these solvents.
The main component (A), the curing agent (B), and the compound (C) are mixed when coating the base. The mixing ratio between the main component (A) and the curing agent (B) is preferably adjusted so that the amount of the NCO group in the curing agent (B) exceeds the amount of the hydroxyl group in the main component (A). That is, the mixing ratio of the curing agent (B) to the main component (A) is preferably about 50% to about 200%. The compound (C) may be mixed in the main component (A) or the curing agent (B) in advance. In addition, the main component (A), the curing agent (B), and the compound (C) may be mixed before coating.
In the present invention, in order to maintain adhesion or improve the adhesion, the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the molecule is used essentially.
Examples of the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the molecule include phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, adipic acid, trimellitic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, meleic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and tartaric acid.
Examples of the compound having 1 or more of an acid anhydride include maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and tetrabasic acid anhydrides. When the primer is coated on a base having a high polarity, such as a metal base, in particular, compounds having two or more of anhydric acids such as tetrabasic acid anhydrides are preferably used. Examples of the tetrabasic acid anhydride include benzophenone tetracarboxylic anhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride. In addition, a polymer containing the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the molecule can also be used.
The number average molecular weight of the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the molecule is preferably 1,000 or less.
The content of the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the molecule in the primer, which is converted in nonvolatile components, is preferably in a range from 5 to 50% by mass.
The primer according to the present invention can contain a well-known curing accelerator, bulking agent, softener, antiaging agent, stabilizer, adhesion accelerator, leveling agent, defoaming agent, plasticizer, inorganic filler, organic filler, resin for providing adhesive properties, fiber, pigment, dye, and extender for operating life, etc. in addition to the abovementioned components.
It is also possible to use various well-known coupling agents, epoxy resin, etc. as the adhesion accelerator. In particular, in order to improve adhesion to the surface of the base, silane-based coupling agents, titanium-based coupling agents, aluminum-based coupling agents, zirconium-based coupling agents, etc. can also be used. Any silane-based coupling agents, titanium-based coupling agents, aluminum-based coupling agents, zirconium-based coupling agents can be used.
Examples of the silane-based coupling agent include vinyl trichlorosilane, hydrochloride of vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl trimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxy propyl methyl diethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl triethoxysilane, p-styryl trimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyl methyl dimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxy propyl methyl diethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyl dimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butylidene) propylamine, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, and N-(vinyl benzyl)-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl methyl dimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, bis(triethoxysilyl propyl)tetrasulfide, 3-isocyanatepropyl triethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, methyl trimethoxysilane, dimethyl dimethoxysilane, phenyl trimethoxysilane, diphenyl dimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyl triethoxysilane, dimethyl diethoxysilane, phenyl triethoxysilane, diphenyl diethoxysilane, hexyl trimethoxysilane, hexyl triethoxysilane, decyl trimethoxysilane, decyl triethoxysilane, trifluoropropyl trimethoxysilane, and hexamethyl disilazane.
Examples of the titanium-based coupling agent include titanium acetylacetonate, titanium octyl glycolate, titanium tetraacetyl acetonate, titanium ethyl acetoacetate, titanium acylate (acyloxytitanate), polyhydroxytitanium stearate, titanium lactate, titanium triethanol aminate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetranormalbutyl titanate, butyl titanate dimer, and tetraoctyl titanate.
Examples of the aluminum-based coupling agent include aluminum alcoholates, such as aluminum isopropylate, mono sec-butoxyaluminum diisopropylate, aluminum sec-butyrate, and aluminum ethylate;
alkyl acetate aluminum diisopropylates, such as ethyl acetoacetate aluminum diisopropyl; and
aluminum tris(ethyl acetoacetate), aluminum monoacetyl acetonate bis(ethyl acetoacetate), aluminum tris(acetyl acetonate), aluminum mono-isopropoxy monooleoxyethyl acetoacetate, and diisopropoxy aluminum lauryl acetoacetate.
Examples of the zirconium-based coupling agent include zirconium tetraacetyl acetonate, zirconium tributoxyacetyl acetonate, zirconium tributoxystearate, tetra-normal-propoxyzirconium, and tetra-normal-butoxyzirconium.
These coupling agents can be used alone or in combination based on the kind of the base.
As the epoxy resin, oligomers can also be used. Example of the epoxy resin include epoxy resin obtained by the condensation reaction between epichlorohydrin and various phenol compounds, such as bisphenol A, bisphenol S, novolac, o-cresol novolac, and p-alkyl phenol novolac.
The primer according to the present invention is basically evaluated as a laminate which is obtained by coating the primer on various base. The adhesive properties of the primer to the base, printing suitability such as adhesion of ink printed on a coated film made of the primer after curing, dot reproducibility, ink transfer properties are evaluated. In addition, strength of a laminate which is produced by attaching the primer on a first base film to a second base film using an adhesive, and heat resistance of the laminate after retort are also evaluated. For example, the following laminates are produced for evaluation.
Laminate Structure 1
A laminate which is obtained by coating the primer on a base film (1), such as a polyethylene terephthalate film (abbreviated as “PET film” below) by various coating methods, and drying the primer to be cured, and thereby, a primer layer (2) is produced on the base film (1). The laminate 1 is shown in FIG. 1.
Laminate Structure 2
A laminate which is obtained by printing ink, such as gravure ink, on the primer layer (2) in the laminate 1, and thereby producing a print ink layer (3) on the primer layer (2). The laminate 2 is shown in FIG. 2.
Laminate Structure 3
A laminate which is obtained by laminating a film (5), such as an unstretched polypropylene film (abbreviated as “PP film” below), on the print ink layer (3) in the laminate 2 (which is obtained by printing ink, such as gravure ink, on the primer layer (2) in the laminate 1), via an adhesive layer (4). The laminate 3 is shown in FIG. 3.
Laminate Structure 4
A laminate which is obtained by coating the primer on an aluminum oxide deposition layer (6) on the base film (1), such as a PET film by various coating methods, and drying the primer to be cured, and thereby, a primer layer (2) is produced on the aluminum oxide deposition layer (6); forming the print ink layer (3) using printing ink, such as gravure ink on the primer layer (2); and laminating the film (5), such as an unstretched PP film, on the print ink layer (3) via the adhesive layer (4). The laminate 4 is shown in FIG. 4.
Laminate Structure 5
A laminate which is obtained by forming an aluminum oxide deposition layer (6) having a thickness of 50 nm on the primer layer (2) in the laminate 1 (which is obtained by coating the primer on a base film (1), such as a PET film, by various coating methods to produce the primer layer (2)) by an evaporation method using an oxidation reaction. The laminate 5 is shown in FIG. 5.
Laminate Structure 6
A laminate which is obtained by coating the primer by various coating methods to produce the primer layer (2) on the surface of the deposition layer (6) of the laminate 5 (which is obtained by forming an aluminum oxide deposition layer (6) having a thickness of 50 nm on the surface of the laminate 1 by an evaporation method using an oxidation reaction, which is obtained by coating the primer on a base film (1), such as a PET film, by various coating methods to produce the primer layer (2)). The laminate 6 is shown in FIG. 6.
Laminate Structure 7
A laminate which is obtained by forming the print ink layer (3) using printing ink, such as gravure ink, on the primer layer (2) in the laminate 6 [which is obtained by coating the primer by various coating methods to produce the primer layer (2) on the deposition surface of the laminate 5 (which is obtained by forming an aluminum oxide deposition layer (6) having a thickness of 50 nm on the surface of the laminate 1 by an evaporation method using an oxidation reaction, which is obtained by coating the primer on a base film (1), such as a PET film, by various coating methods to produce the primer layer (2))]. The laminate 7 is shown in FIG. 7.
Laminate Structure 8
A laminate which is obtained by laminating a film (5), such as an unstretched polypropylene film, via an adhesive layer (4), on the print ink layer (3) in the laminate 7 [which is obtained by forming the print ink layer (3) using printing ink, such as gravure ink on the primer layer (2) in the laminate 6, which is obtained by coating the primer by various coating methods to produce the primer layer (2) on the deposition surface of the laminate 5 (which is obtained by forming an aluminum oxide deposition layer (6) having a thickness of 50 nm on the surface of the laminate 1 by an evaporation method using an oxidation reaction, which is obtained by coating the primer on a base film (1), such as a PET film, by various coating methods, to produce the primer layer (2))]. The laminate 8 is shown in FIG. 8.
Examples of the base film include a PET film which is subjected to corona treatment, a deposit aluminum oxide PET film, a deposit silica PEF film, and a polyactic acid-based biodegradable film.
As the film (5) for sealant in the laminates, an unstretched PP film is mainly used.
In order to coat the primer on the base film or various layers, a gravure coater, a gravure reverse coater, a micro gravure coater, a flexo coater, a blanket coater, a lip coater, a spin coater, a slot die coater, a roll coater, a knife coater, an air knife coater, a kiss touch coater, a comma coater, etc. can be used. When a gravure coater, a gravure reverse coater, or a micro gravure coater is used, a uniform continuous thin film can be produced.
The thickness of the coated film is in a range from about 0.1 to 10 g/m2 (dry), and preferably in a range from 0.3 to 3 g/m2 (dry).
EXAMPLES
The present invention is explained in detail referring to Examples and Comparative Examples.
Preparation of Primer
Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7
The main component solution (A), of which the monomer composition is shown in Table 1, was prepared. The solvent used contains MEK, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether at 70:14:16 in volume. The content of nonvolatile components in the solvent was adjusted to 10% by volume.
In addition, the primer 1 to 7 (Examples 1 to 7) and the comparative primer 1 to 7 (Comparative Examples 1 to 7) were prepared adding the curing agent (B) and the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the molecule in the main component solution (A) so as to have the composition shown in Table 1.











TABLE 1









Main component solution (A)
Compound (C)
Curing agent (B)

















MMA
AN
β-HEMA
St
BA
MMA
DFMCDA
XDI-TMP
IPDI-TMP




















Comparative Primer 1
20
10
70
0.05
0.05


100



Comparative Primer 2
45
35
20
0.05
0.05


50


Comparative Primer 3
50
20
30
0.05
0.05


50


Comparative Primer 4
40
49
10
0.05
0.05
1.00

50


Comparative Primer 5
30
20
50
0.05
0.05


50
50


Comparative Primer 6
30
—
70
0.05
0.05


100


Comparative Primer 7
80
—
20
0.05
0.05


50


Example Primer 1
20
10
70
0.05
0.05

90
100


Example Primer 2
45
35
20
0.05
0.05

10
50


Example Primer 3
50
20
30
0.05
0.05

10
50


Example Primer 4
40
49
10
0.05
0.05
1.00
10
50


Example Primer 5
30
20
50
0.05
0.05

20
50
50


Example Primer 6
30
—
70
0.05
0.05

20
100


Example Primer 7
80
—
20
0.05
0.05

20
50





In Table 1, the abbreviations denote:


MMA: methyl methacrylate


AN: acrylonitrile


β-HEMA: β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (“β” is abbreviated in Table 1)


ST: styrene


BA: butyl acrylate


BMA: butyl methacrylate


MAA: methacrylic acid


XDI: xylene diisocyanate


IPDI: isophorone diisocyanate


TMP: trimethylol propane


XDI-TMP: adduct of XDI-TMP


IPDI-TMP: adduct of IPDI-TMP


DFMCDA: 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride


VMCH: vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic acid terpolymer resin, marketed by Dow Chemical Company


353S: Auroren ® 353S, acrylic modified α-olefin resin, marketed by Nippon Paper Chemicals Co., Ltd.






Preparation of Laminate
Examples 1 to 14
The laminate in Examples 1 to 7, which has the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 1, was produced by coating the Example Primer 1 to 7 containing the components (A), (B), and (C), of which the composition is shown in Table 1, on a deposit aluminum oxide PET film having a thickness of 12 μm (“BARRIALOX®-VM-PET1011(HG)” marketed by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd.) as the base film by a direct gravure method so that the coated amount after drying be 1.0 g/m2.
Similarly, the laminate in Examples 8 to 14, which has the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 1, was produced in a manner identical to the manner explained above, except that an aluminum foil having a thickness of 30 μm (soft aluminum, marketed by Toyo Aluminum K.K.) was used as the base film.
Preparation of Laminate
Comparative Examples 1 to 14
The laminate in Comparative Examples 1 to 7, which has the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 1, was produced by coating the Comparative Example Primer 1 to 7 containing the components (A) and (B), of which the composition is shown in Table 1, on a deposit aluminum oxide PET film having a thickness of 12 μm (“BARRIALOX®-VM-PET1011(HG)” marketed by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd.) as the base film by a direct gravure method so that the coated amount after drying be 1.0 g/m2, and aging the obtained laminate at 40° C. for 48 hours to be cured.
Similarly, the laminate in Comparative Examples 8 to 14, which has the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 1, was produced in a manner identical to the manner explained above, except that an aluminum foil having a thickness of 30 μm (soft aluminum, marketed by Toyo Aluminum K.K.) was used as the base film.
The Example laminate 1 to 7 and the Comparative laminate 1 to 7 were evaluated as shown below. The results are shown in Table 2.
Evaluation Item and Evaluation Method
(1: Transmission)
The transmittance of the laminates produced was measured in the accordance with ASTM D 1003, using a haze/transmittance measurement device (Haze-guard II; marketed by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho Ltd.).
(2: Haze)
The haze of the laminates produced was measured in the accordance with ASTM D 1003, using a haze/transmittance measurement device (Haze-guard II; marketed by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho Ltd.).
(3: Adhesion of Primer)
After coating the primer on the base film, a cellophane adhesive tape having a width of 15 mm marketed by Nichiban Co., Ltd. was adhered to the surface to be printed of the primer layer.
Evaluation Standards


    Excellent: Ink is never peeled
    Good Ink is slightly peeled
    Inferior Less than 20% of Ink was peeled
    Poor 20% or more of Ink was peeled










TABLE 2








Laminate Structure 1


Base film
Deposit Alumina PET










Evaluation Item
Transmission
Haze
Primer Adhesion













Comparative Example 1
91.2
1.7
Excellent


Comparative Example 2
91.2
1.7
Excellent


Comparative Example 3
91.2
1.7
Excellent


Comparative Example 4
90
6.8
Excellent


Comparative Example 5
91.4
1.6
Excellent


Comparative Example 6
91.1
1.7
Excellent


Comparative Example 7
91.2
1.9
Excellent


Example 1
91.2
1.7
Excellent


Example 2
91.3
1.7
Excellent


Example 3
91.2
1.8
Excellent


Example 4
88
7.3
Excellent


Example 5
91.1
1.8
Excellent


Example 6
91.1
1.7
Excellent


Example 7
91.4
1.7
Excellent









In the laminate obtained in Examples 8 to 14 and Comparative Examples 8 to 14, only adhesive properties of the primer were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.









TABLE 3







Laminate Structure 1



Base film
Aluminum foil



Evaluation Item
Primer Adhesion








Comparative Example 8
Excellent



Comparative Example 9
Excellent



Comparative Example 10
Excellent



Comparative Example 11
Good



Comparative Example 12
Excellent



Comparative Example 13
Excellent



Comparative Example 14
Excellent



Example 8
Excellent



Example 9
Excellent



Example 10
Excellent



Example 11
Good



Example 12
Excellent



Example 13
Excellent



Example 14
Excellent









Preparation of Laminate
Examples 15 to 28
The laminate having the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 2 was produced by printing gravure ink (Univure A; 407 middle chrome yellow, 105 red, 507 primary indigo, 805 black (sumi), 793 white; marketed by DIC Corporation) on the surface of the primer layer, which had been dried and cured, in the laminate of the Examples 1 to 14. Moreover, when printing, 3 parts of CVL curing agent #10 was added in 100 parts of Univure A, which is gravure ink marketed by DIC Corporation. Then, after coating the gravure ink, the obtained print ink layer was subjected to aging to be cured at 40° C. for 48 hours.
Similarly to Examples 15 to 28, the laminate including no primer layer in Comparative Example 43 was produced by printing the gravure ink to form the print ink layer on the treated surface of the PET film (PET film having one surface treated with corona; ESTER® film E5100; marketed by TYOBO. CO., LTD.).
Similarly to Examples 15 to 28, the laminate including no primer layer in Comparative Example 44 was produced by printing the gravure ink to form the print ink layer on the non-treated surface of the PET film (PET film having one surface treated with corona; ESTER® film E5100; marketed by TYOBO. CO., LTD.).
Similarly to Examples 15 to 28, the laminate including no primer layer in Comparative Example 45 was produced by printing the gravure ink to form the print ink layer on the deposit surface of the deposit aluminum oxide PET film (BARRIALOX® VM-PET1011 (HG), marketed by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd.)
The Example laminate 15 to 28, the Comparative laminate 15 to 28, and the Comparative laminate 43 to 45 were evaluated as shown below. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
(4: Ink Dot Reproducibility)
Gravure ink containing a solvent was printed on the primer layer in the laminate with a printing speed of 40 m/min. When printing, a plate for solid printing was used. Moreover, the evaluation was carried out by magnifying the surface of the primer layer 400 times using a microscope (VH-8000, marketed by Keyence Corporation), and observing with eyes.
Evaluation Standards
Excellent: No shedding and no-printed spots were observed
Good No shedding but slight no-printed spots in 20% cells were observed
Inferior No shedding but many no-printed spots in 20% cells were observed
Poor Much shedding and many no-printed spots in 20% cells were observed
(5: Ink Transfer Properties (Gradation Transfer Properties))
Gravure ink containing a solvent was printed on the primer layer in the laminate with a printing speed of 40 m/min. When printing, a plate for gradation printing, and a plate for solid printing were used. Then, existence or non-existence of tone jump, and highlight, and transfer of the solid portion were observed with the naked eye.
Evaluation Standards
Excellent: No tone jump was observed
Good Tone jump was observed in 40% cells
Inferior Tone jump was observed in 60% cells
Poor Tone jump was observed in 80% cells
(6: Ink Adhesion)
After printing the ink, a cellophane adhesive tape having a width of 15 mm marketed by Nichiban Co., Ltd. was adhered to the surface of the print ink layer, and peeled.
Evaluation Standards
Excellent: Ink is never peeled
Good Ink is slightly peeled.
Inferior Less than 20% of ink was peeled
Poor 20% or more of ink was peeled








TABLE 4








Laminate Structure 2


Base film
Deposit Alumina PET










Evaluation

Ink Transfer
Ink


Item
Ink Reproducibility
Properties
Adhesion





Comparative Example 15
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 16
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 17
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 18
Excellent
Inferior
Excellent


Comparative Example 19
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 20
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 21
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Example 15
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Example 16
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example 17
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example 18
Excellent
Inferior
Excellent


Example 19
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example 20
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Example 21
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 43
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 44
Poor
Inferior
Inferior


Comparative Example 45
Inferior
Good
Excellent

















TABLE 5








Laminate Structure 2


Base film
Alumina foil










Evaluation

Ink Transfer
Ink


Item
Ink Reproducibility
Properties
Adhesion





Comparative Example 22
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 23
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 24
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 25
Excellent
Inferior
Excellent


Comparative Example 26
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 27
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 28
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Example 22
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Example 23
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example 24
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example 25
Excellent
Inferior
Excellent


Example 26
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example 27
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Example 28
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 43
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Comparative Example 44
Poor
Inferior
Inferior


Comparative Example 45
Inferior
Good
Excellent









Preparation of Laminate
Examples 29 to 42 and Comparative Examples 29 to 42
The laminate having the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 3 was produced by adhering the unstretched PP film (ZK-93KM, marketed by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd.) to the print ink layer of the laminate in Examples 15 to 28 using an adhesive (DICDRY® LX-963, marketed by DIC Corporation). Thereby, Example Laminates 29 to 42 were produced.
The laminate having the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 3 was produced by adhering the unstretched PP film (ZK-93KM, marketed by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd.) to the print ink layer of the laminate in Comparative Examples 15 to 28 using an adhesive (DICDRY® LX-963, marketed by DIC Corporation). Thereby, Comparative Laminates 29 to 42 were produced.
Moreover, the adhesive used is an adhesive for dry-laminate, and the composition of the adhesive used is shown below.

DICDRY® LX-963:DICDRY® LX-963/KO-40=8/1

The adhesion of the adhesive and laminate strength of the laminate in Examples 29 to 42 and Comparative Examples 29 to 42 were evaluated.
Moreover, in the laminate in Examples 29 to 35 and Comparative Examples 29 to 35, the laminate strength of the laminate, which had been obtained just after storing the laminate at 40° C. at 90% humidity for 14 days.
In the laminate in Examples 36 to 42 and Comparative Examples 36 to 42, the laminate strength of the laminate was evaluated after a retort test by pouring cereal vinegar (marketed by Mizkan Group Corporation) for 1 day. The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7.
(7: Adhesion of Adhesive)
When measuring the laminate strength, the peeled surfaces at the interface between the unstretched PP film and the adhesive layer were observed using an IR spectrometer.
Evaluation Standards
Excellent: No peeling was observed at the interface
Good Slight peeling was observed at the interface
Inferior Peeling was observed at less than 20% of the interface
Poor Peeling was observed 20% or more of the interface
(8: Laminate Strength)
After producing the laminate having the laminate structure 3, the laminate was cured at 40° C. for 72 hours, and then the laminate strength was measured by carrying out 180° Peeling Test with a peeling speed of 200 mm/min, in accordance with JIS K6854.
(9: Laminate Strength After Retort Test)
After producing the laminate having the laminate structure 3, the laminate was cured at 42° C. for 72 hours. Then, a pouch having a height of 290 mm and width of 210 mm was produced using the cured laminate. After that water, or cereal vinegar (marketed by Mizkan Group Corporation) was filled in the pouch, and was subjected to a retort test at 121° C. for 30 minutes. After sufficiently cooling, the laminate strength was measured in accordance with JIS K6854, 180° Peel Test with a peeling speed of 200 mm/min.
(10: Laminate Strength After Storage for 14 Days)
After producing the laminate having the laminate structure 3, the laminate was cured at 40° C. for 72 hours. Then, the laminate was stored at 40° C., 90% humidity for 14 days. Then, the laminate strength of the laminate was measured in accordance with JIS K6854, 180° Peel Test with a peeling speed of 200 mm/min.








TABLE 6








Laminate Structure 3


Base film
Deposit Alumina PET










Evaluation
Adhesion of
Laminate
Laminate Strength after storing


Item
Adhesive
Strength
40° C., 90% humidity for 14 days













Comparative Example 29
Excellent
4.0
0.0


Comparative Example 30
Excellent
3.0
0.0


Comparative Example 31
Excellent
3.5
0.0


Comparative Example 32
Good
1.9
0.0


Comparative Example 33
Excellent
2.6
0.0


Comparative Example 34
Excellent
4.0
0.0


Comparative Example 35
Excellent
2.9
0.0


Example 29
Excellent
4.1
3.7


Example 30
Excellent
4.0
3.9


Example 31
Excellent
4.2
4.0


Example 32
Good
1.9
2.5


Example 33
Excellent
3.2
3.0


Example 34
Excellent
4.2
4.0


Example 35
Excellent
3.0
3.2

















TABLE 7








Laminate Structure 3


Base film
Aluminum Foil










Evaluation
Adhesion of
 Laminate
Laminate Strength after Retort


Item
Adhesive
Strength
Test using Vineger













Comparative
Excellent
3.5
0.0


Example 36





Comparative
Excellent
2.9
0.0


Example 37





Comparative
Excellent
3.2
0.0


Example 38





Comparative
Good
2.0
0.0


Example 39





Comparative
Excellent
2.9
0.0


Example 40





Comparative
Excellent
4.3
0.0


Example 41





Comparative
Excellent
3.1
0.0


Example 42





Example 36
Excellent
3.7
3.5


Example 37
Excellent
3.5
3.9


Example 38
Excellent
3.2
3.5


Example 39
Good
2.5
2.5


Example 40
Excellent
3.2
3.0


Example 41
Excellent
4.0
4.0


Example 42
Excellent
3.4
3.2









Preparation of Primer
Examples 8 to 14
The main component solution (A), of which the monomer composition is shown in Table 8, was prepared. The solvent used contains MEK, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether at 70:14:16 in volume. The content of nonvolatile components in the solvent was adjusted to 10% by volume.
In addition, the Example primers 8 to 14 were prepared by adding the curing agent (B) and the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the molecule in the main component solution (A) so as to have the composition shown in Table 8.











TABLE 8









Main component solution (A)
Compound (C)
Curing agent (B)


















MMA
AN
β-HEMA
St
BA
BMA
MAA
DFMCDA
XDI-TMP
IPDI-TMP





















Example Primer 8
50
20
30
0.05
0.05
—
—
Trimellitic anhydride: 5
50
50


Example Primer 9
80
—
20
0.05
0.05
—
—
Pyromellitic anhydride: 20
50
50


Example Primer 10
10
30
30
—
—
30
—
Maleic acid: 3
50
50


Example Primer 11
60
—
20
—
20
—
—
Malic acid: 1
50
50


Example Primer 12
—
35
30
—
—
32
3
Pyromellitic anhydride: 10
50
50


Example Primer 13
10
30
30
—
—
30
—
VMCH: 10
50
50


Example Primer 14
10
30
30
—
—
30
—
353S: 10
50
50









Preparation of Lamination
Example 46 to 52
The Example laminate 46 to 52, which has the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 1, was produced by coating the Example Primer 8 to 14 containing the components (A), (B), and (C), of which the composition is shown in Table 8, on an alumina deposition layer of the deposit aluminum oxide PET film having a thickness of 12 μm (“BARRIALOX®-VM-PET1011(HG)” marketed by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd.) as the base film by a direct gravure method so that the coated amount after drying be 1.0 g/m2.
The primer adhesion of the Example laminate 46 to 52 was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 9.








TABLE 9






Laminate Structure 1



Adhesion of the Primer to the



Deposit Alumina PET


















Example Laminate 46
Excellent



Example Laminate 47
Excellent



Example Laminate 48
Excellent



Example Laminate 49
Excellent



Example Laminate 50
Excellent



Example Laminate 51
Excellent



Example Laminate 52
Excellent









Preparation of Laminate
Examples 53 to 59
The laminate having the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 2 was produced by coating gravure ink (Univure A; 407 middle chrome yellow, 105 red, 507 primary indigo, 805 black (sumi), 793 white; marketed by DIC Corporation) on the surface of the primer, which had been dried and cured, in the laminate of the Example 46 to 52. Moreover, when printing, 3 parts of CVL curing agent #10 was added in 100 parts of Univure A, which is gravure ink marketed by DIC Corporation. Then, after coating the gravure ink, the obtained laminate was subjected to aging to be cured at 40° C. for 48 hours.
The adhesion, and transfer properties of ink, and ink reproducibility of the Example laminates 53 to 59 were evaluated.








TABLE 10








Laminate Structure 2


Base film
Deposit Alumina PET










Evaluation
Ink
Ink Transfer
Adhesion of


Item
Reproducibility
Properties
Ink





Example Laminate 53
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example Laminate 54
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Example Laminate 55
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example Laminate 56
Good
Excellent
Excellent


Example Laminate 57
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example Laminate 58
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent


Example Laminate 59
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent









Preparation of Laminate
Examples 60 to 66
The laminate having the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 3 was produced by adhering the unstretched PP film (ZK-93KM, marketed by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd.) to the print ink layer of the laminate in Examples 53 to 59 using an adhesive (DICDRY® LX-963, marketed by DIC Corporation) in Examples 60 to 66.
The adhesive adhesion, laminate strength, and laminate strength after the storing the laminate at 40° C. at 90% humidity for 14 days of the obtained laminates were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 11.








TABLE 11








Laminate Structure 3


Base film
Deposit Alumina PET










Evaluation
Adhesion of
Laminate
Laminate Strength after storing


Item
Adhesive
Strength
40° C., 90% humidity for 14 days













Example
Excellent
4.0
2.9


60





Example
Excellent
4.1
3.8


61





Example
Excellent
4.2
3.0


62





Example
Excellent
4.0
1.2


63





Example
Excellent
4.2
3.8


64





Example
Excellent
4.2
3.8


65





Example
Excellent
4.2
3.8


66









Adhesion, etc. of Primer To Various Base Films: Laminate Structure 1
The laminate in Examples 67 to 71, which has the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 1, was produced by coating the Example Primer 5 containing the components (A), (B), and (C), of which the composition is shown in Table 1, on a PET film having a thickness of 12 μm (E5100, marketed by TOYOBO Co., Ltd.), a deposit silica PET film having a thickness of 12 μm (GL-E, marketed by Toppan printing Co., Ltd.), a deposit aluminum oxide PET film having a thickness of 12 μm (IB-PET-PC, marketed by Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.), a polyactic acid-based biodegradable film (TERRAMAC®TF, marketed by Unitika Ltd.), or a stretched PP film having a thickness of 30 μm (FOR, marketed by Futamura Chemical Co., Ltd.) as the base film by a direct gravure method so that the coated amount after drying was 1.0 g/m2.
Similarly, the laminate in Example 72, which has the same structure as that of the laminate Structure 1, was produced in a manner identical to the manner explained above, except that a pure white print paper (Hamayu, marketed by Kishu Paper Co., Ltd.) was used as the base film, and the Example Primer 5 was coated so that the coated amount after drying was 3.0 g/m2. The coated amount of the Example Primer 5 was adjusted by considering the penetration of ink into paper.
The adhesion of the primer in the Example laminates 67 to 72 was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 12.








TABLE 12








Laminate Structure 1











Adhesion of




Primer to



Base film
Base Film





Example
GL-E, PET film
Excellent


Laminate 67
having a thickness of 12 μm



Example
GL-E, Deposit Silica PET film
Excellent


Laminate 68
having a thickness of 12 μm



Example
IB-PET-PC, Deposit Alumina PET film
Excellent


Laminate 69
having a thickness of 12 μm



Example
TERRAMAC ® TF, Polyactic
Excellent


Laminate 70
Acid-Based Biodegradable Film



Example
FOR, Stretched PP Film
Excellent


Laminate 71
having a thickness of 30 μm



Example
Hamayu, Pure White Print Paper
Excellent


Laminate 72









Adhesion to Inorganic Deposit Coating Layer, and Hot Water Resistance of the Primer According to the Present Invention
The laminate in Example 73 was produced by coating the Example Primer 5 shown in Table 1 on a PET film having a thickness of 12 μm (E5100, marketed by TOYOBO Co., Ltd.) by a reverse gravure method so that the coated amount after drying was 1.0 g/m2.
Then, the laminate in Example 74 was produced by depositing aluminum oxide on the primer layer by the oxidation reaction deposition method such that the thickness was 50 nm.
In addition, the laminate in Example 75 was produced by coating the Example Primer 5 on the deposit layer by reverse gravure method again so that the coated amount after drying was 0.5 g/m2.
In addition, the laminate in Example 76 was produced by printing gravure ink (Univure A; 407 middle chrome yellow, 105 red, 507 primary indigo, 805 black (sumi), 793 white; marketed by DIC Corporation) on the surface of the primer layer.
In addition, the laminate in Example 77 was produced by dry-laminating a unstretched PP film (ZK-93 KM, marketed by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd.) to the print ink layer using an adhesive (DICDRY® LX-963, marketed by DIC Corporation).
The items shown in Table 13 of the laminates obtained were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 13.
Moreover, “Laminate Strength*After Storing” means the laminate strength of the laminate after storing at 40° C. at 90% humidity for 14 days.
It is clear from Table 13 that the primer of the present invention has superior adhesion between the inorganic deposit coating and the urethane-based gravure ink. In addition, the primer of the present invention has excellent hot water resistance (121° C., for 30 minutes) and storing stability under highly humid conditions.












TABLE 13






Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



Laminate
Laminate
Laminate
Laminate
Laminate



73
74
75
76
77







Laminate Structure
1
5
6
7
8  


Adhesion of Primer
Excellent
—
Excellent
—
—


Adhesion Properties of
—
Excellent
—
—
—


Deposit layer







Ink Adhesion
—
—
—
Excellent
—


Ink Transfer Properties
—
—
—
Excellent
—


Ink Dot Reproducibility
—
—
—
Excellent
—


Adhesive adhesion
—
—

—
Excellent


Laminate Strength
—
—
—
—
3.8


Laminate Strength after retort
—
—
—
—
3.9


Laminate Strength After
—
—
—
—
3.6


Storing*









INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The primer according to the present invention can be used as a primer for a package which has improved adhesion between the base layer, a printing ink layer, a coating layer, and an adhesive layer, and thereby having print suitability, such as excellent transfer properties of printing ink and dot reproducibility, high adhesive properties, excellent storage stability for a long period of time under highly humid conditions, and acid resistance. Thereby, it is possible to print highly defined images having excellent design on a surface of various kinds of packages, which were not readily printed with high definition. The primer of the present invention can be used widely in packages.










EXPLANATIONS OF SYMBOLS




















1
base




2
primer layer which is dried and cured




3
print ink layer




4
adhesive layer




5
film (sealant layer)




6
deposition layer

## Claims

1. A primer for obtaining a laminate for packaging consisting essentially of:
a main component (A) consisting essentially of a copolymer consisting essentially of, as a monomer, an unsaturated compound (a) having one hydroxyl group, at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound, and an unsaturated nitrile (c);
a curing agent (B) consisting essentially of a compound having an isocyanate group; and
a compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group, and having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 or less.

2. A primer according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer in the main component (A) contains, as a monomer, unsaturated nitrile (c), in addition to an unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group; and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound.

3. A primer according to claim 1, wherein the content of the compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group in the primer is in a range from 0.5 to 50% by mass.

4. A primer for obtaining a laminate for packaging consisting essentially of:
a main component (A) containing a copolymer containing, as a monomer, an unsaturated compound (a) having one hydroxyl group, and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound;
a curing agent (B) containing a compound having an isocyanate group; and a tetrabasic acid anhydride.

5. A primer according to claim 2, wherein the unsaturated nitrile (c) in the main component (A) contains acrylonitrile, and the content of the acrylonitrile in the main component (A) is in a range from 10 to 50% by mass.

6. A primer according to claim 1, wherein the content of the unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group in the main component (A) is in a range from 10 to 70% by mass.

7. A primer according to claim 1, wherein the unsaturated compound (a) having a hydroxyl group in the main component (A) contains β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and the content of the β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in the main component (A)—is in a range from 10 to 70% by mass.

8. A primer for obtaining a laminate for packaging consisting essentially of:
a main component (A) containing a copolymer containing, as a monomer, an unsaturated compound (a) having one hydroxyl group, and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound;
a curing agent (B) containing a compound having an isocyanate group; and
a compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group, and having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 or less,
wherein the unsaturated compound (b) in the main component (A) contains methyl methacrylate as the unsaturated carboxylate, and the content of methyl methacrylate in the main component (A) is in a range from 20 to 55% by mass.

9. A primer for obtaining a laminate for packaging consisting essentially of:
a main component (A) containing a copolymer containing, as a monomer, an unsaturated compound (a) having one hydroxyl group, and at least one unsaturated compound (b) selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylate, styrene, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated hydrocarbon, vinyl ester, and a halogenated vinyl compound;
a curing agent (B) containing a compound having an isocyanate group; and
a compound (C) having 2 or more of a carboxylic acid group or 1 or more of an anhydrous carboxylic acid group, and having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 or less,
wherein the unsaturated compound (b) in the main component (A) contains acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as the unsaturated carboxylic acid, and the content of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in the main component (A) is in a range from 0.05 to 3% by mass.

10. A primer according to claim 1, wherein the unsaturated compound (b) in the main component (A) contains styrene, and the content of styrene in the main component (A) is in a range from 0.01 to 30% by mass.

11. A primer according to claim 1, wherein the unsaturated compound (b) in the main component (A) contains butyl acrylate or butyl methacrylate as the unsaturated carboxylate, and the content of butyl acrylate or butyl methacrylate in the main component (A) is in a range from 0.01 to 30% by mass.

12. A laminate for packaging containing a resin coating layer comprising the primer according to claim 1 on a base.

13. A laminate according to claim 12, wherein the base is at least one selected from the group consisting of a paper base, a metal base, and a plastic base.

14. A laminate according to claim 12, wherein the laminate includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an ink layer, an adhesive layer, and a sealant layer on the resin coating layer.

15. A laminate according to claim 12, wherein the laminate includes an ink layer, an adhesive layer, and a sealant layer, in this order, on the resin coating layer.

16. A laminate according to claim 12, wherein the laminate further includes another resin coating layer on the resin coating layer.

17. A laminate according to claim 12, wherein the laminate includes an inorganic thin film layer on the resin coating layer.