NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 11-1824

___________

DARRYL ORRIN BAKER,

Appellant

v.

TROY WILLIAMSON, LEWISBURG CAMP; ANGILINI, UNIT MANAGER AND 

ACTING ADMINISTRATOR; COUNSELOR TUKAR; ACTING WARDEN FORBES;

COUNSELOR TRUE; DOCTOR BUSSANIC, CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR MEDICAL 

DEPARTMENT; P.A. GOSA; P.A. GERADI; P.A. BRACHAS; CHAMBERS; MRS. 

KERSTETTER; OFFICER ROSS BOYD, Jr.

____________________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

(D.C. Civil Action No. 07-cv-02220)

District Judge: Honorable William W. Caldwell

____________________________________

Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

October 18, 2011

Before: JORDAN, HARDIMAN and ROTH, Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed December 5, 2011) 

__________

OPINION

___________

PER CURIAM
2

In November 2007, the Appellant, Darryl Orrin Baker, commenced this Bivens1

action against twelve Bureau of Prison (―BOP‖) employees2at the Satellite Prison Camp 

in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania (―SPC-Lewisburg‖), where he was formerly incarcerated.3 

In the complaint, Baker alleged that the defendants had: (a) been deliberately indifferent 

to his medical needs in violation of the Eighth Amendment by denying him treatment for 

a pre-existing eye injury; (b) denied him access to the courts by returning his legal mail to 

the sender; (c) retaliated against him in various ways for exercising his First Amendment 

right to file grievances and lawsuits; and (d) conspired to deprive him of his 

constitutional rights and to subject him to racial discrimination in violation of the Equal 

Protection Clause. By orders entered March 13, 2009, May 5, 2010, and March 15, 2011, 

 

1

See Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Fed. Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 

(1971). 

2

Specifically, Baker named as defendants: Troy Williamson, the retired warden; C. 

Angelini, a unit manager; J. Tokar, a retired counselor; P. Forbes, a counselor; Dr. A. 

Bussanich, clinical director; S. Gosa and J. Geradi, physician’s assistants; B. Chambers, a 

disciplinary hearing officer; R. Korsetter, a correctional programs specialist; Bill True, a 

case manager; and B. Ross and Ross Boyd, correctional officers.

3 Baker was incarcerated at the Federal Correctional Institution at McKean in Bradford, 

Pennsylvania, when he incurred the 2004 eye injury that is the subject of the Eighth 

Amendment claim discussed below. Sometime in 2004 or 2005, Baker was transferred to 

FCI-Elkton. On or about August 26, 2005, he was transferred to SPC-Lewisburg, and, in 

March 2007, was moved to FCI-Sandstone in Minnesota. He has since been released 

from federal confinement. 

 
3

the District Court granted the BOP defendants’ motions for summary judgment and 

dismissed all of Baker’s claims.4 Baker now appeals from the District Court’s orders.5 

I.

We have jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We exercise 

plenary review over the District Court’s decision to grant summary judgment. See

Wicker v. Consol. Rail Corp., 142 F.3d 690, 696 (3d Cir. 1998). Summary judgment is 

appropriate only if there ―is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is 

entitled to judgment as a matter of law.‖ Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). 

II.

A. Eighth Amendment Deliberate Indifference Claim

In the complaint, Baker claimed that defendants Doctor Bussanich, Physician’s 

Assistants Gosa and Geradi, and Counselor True violated his Eighth Amendment rights 

by refusing to perform surgery on his injured eye and ignoring his repeated complaints of 

pain. In order to prevail on this claim, Baker was required to show that these healthcare 

providers were deliberately indifferent to a serious medical need. See Estelle v. Gamble, 

429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976). Deliberate indifference requires a sufficiently culpable state of 

mind, such as ―reckless[] disregard[]‖ to a substantial risk of serious harm to a prisoner. 

 

4

In its March 13, 2009 order, the District Court granted the BOP defendants’ motion 

pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) to dismiss Baker’s Bivens claims to 

the extent he sued them in their official capacities. See FDIC v. Meyer, 510 U.S. 471, 

483 (1994). Baker does not challenge this ruling on appeal.

5 Baker sought reconsideration of each of the District Court’s orders, but the District 

Court denied each request. 
4

See Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 836 (1994). Allegations of negligent treatment do 

not trigger constitutional protections. Estelle, 429 U.S. at 105-06. 

The District Court correctly concluded that there was an insufficient evidentiary 

basis on which a reasonable jury could find in Baker’s favor on his Eighth Amendment 

claim. Although Baker maintains that he needed to have eye surgery, the record shows 

that only one of several doctors suggested surgery, and that was in April 2004, almost 

two years before the defendant healthcare providers began treating him. The prison 

doctors and consulting specialists who treated Baker thereafter did not recommend 

surgery.

6

 Mere disagreement with a course of treatment does not support an Eighth 

Amendment claim. See Monmouth Cnty. Corr. Inst. Inmates v. Lanzaro, 834 F.2d 326, 

346 (3d Cir. 1987). Baker also claims that the defendants ignored his complaints of pain,

but, as the District Court noted, the record reflects that he was given pain medication 

regularly. For these reasons, the District Court correctly concluded that Doctor 

Bussanich, Physician’s Assistants Gosa and Geradi, and Counselor True were entitled to 

summary judgment on Baker’s Eighth Amendment claim against them.7

 

6

In support of his Eighth Amendment claim, Baker relies on an expert report that he 

obtained in connection with a prior medical malpractice lawsuit. As the District Court

explained, however, this report does not support his deliberate indifference claims in this 

case because it establishes, at most, mere negligence.

7

In his brief, Baker identifies Physician’s Assistant Bret Brosious as a defendant and 

claims that the District Court erroneously dismissed his Eighth Amendment claim against 

him. It appears that, in the complaint, Baker identified this party as ―Brachas,‖ not 

―Brosious.‖ Because no such person worked at SPC-Lewisburg, the District Court 

dismissed him from the case. To the extent that Baker now attempts to argue that the 
5

B. Right of Access to the Courts Claim

Baker also claimed that defendants Kerstetter and Chambers violated his right of 

access to the courts under the First and Fourteenth Amendments by interfering with his 

ability to receive his legal mail. Baker explained that, in May 2005, while he was 

incarcerated at FCI-Elkton, he had filed a lawsuit in the Western District of Pennsylvania 

against the medical department at FCI-McKean (where he had been previously 

incarcerated) alleging medical malpractice in connection with his eye injury. According 

to Baker, the district court in that case (the ―Western District Court‖) attempted to send 

him a copy of a July 11, 2006 order dismissing the suit, but defendants Kerstetter and 

Chambers—who, according to Baker, worked in the mail room—marked the envelope 

―return to sender.‖ Baker claims that when he later learned of the dismissal, he was 

unable to revive his appeal rights. 

We agree with the District Court that the prison defendants were entitled to 

summary judgment on this claim, as nothing in the record indicates that the order from 

the Western District case was ever sent to SPC-Lewisburg. To the contrary, the Western 

District Clerk of Court from that district sent the order to FCI-McKean. Furthermore, 

there is no evidence in the record that either defendant Kertstetter, who is a correctional 

programs specialist, or defendant Chambers, who is a disciplinary hearing officer, were 

 

District Court erred in so doing, we note that any such argument has been waived. Gass 

v. V.I. Tel. Corp., 311 F.3d 237, 246 (3d Cir. 2002) (―[I]t is well established that failure 

to raise an issue in the district court constitutes a waiver of the argument.‖) 

(internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 
6

ever personally involved in handling Baker’s mail. Accordingly, the District Court 

properly entered summary judgment in favor of defendants Kerstetter and Chambers on 

this claim. 

C. The Retaliation Claims

Next, Baker alleged that the BOP defendants punished him in various ways in 

retaliation for his having filed grievances and lawsuits against them. Specifically, Baker 

claimed that the defendants: removed him from his UNICOR job, placed him in 

administrative custody, transferred him to another facility, and issued two false incident 

reports against him. Prison officials may be held liable for retaliatory conduct that was 

motivated ―in substantial part by a desire to punish [the prisoner] for exercise of a 

constitutional right,‖ Allah v. Seiverling, 229 F.3d 220, 224–25 (3d Cir. 2000) (internal 

quotation marks and citation omitted), such as filing lawsuits and grievances related to 

the conditions of incarceration. See Mitchell v. Horn, 318 F.3d 523, 530 (3d Cir. 2003). 

To prevail on a retaliation claim, the prisoner must prove: (1) that the conduct leading to 

the alleged retaliation was constitutionally protected; (2) that he suffered an adverse 

action sufficient to deter a person of ordinary firmness from exercising his constitutional 

rights; and (3) that his protected conduct was a substantial or motivating factor in the 

decision to discipline him. See Rauser v. Horn, 241 F.3d 330, 333 (3d Cir. 2001). 

However, ―prison officials may still prevail by proving that they would have made the 

same decision absent the protected conduct for reasons reasonably related to a legitimate 

penological interest.‖ Id. at 334.
7

The District Court correctly concluded that Baker failed to provide sufficient 

evidence to support an arguable connection between his protected activity and the various 

adverse actions taken against him. First, although Baker alleged that the defendants 

removed him from his UNICOR job on October 23, 2006, in retaliation for the grievances 

he filed against Kerstetter and Chambers, the record reflects that Baker did not file that

grievance until after he was removed from his UNICOR job. Furthermore, to the extent 

that Baker claimed that the defendants were retaliating against him for other grievances 

that he filed in May and June of 2006, we agree with the District Court that nothing in the 

record suggests any causal connection between those grievances and Baker’s job status. 

In any event, the defendants offered undisputed evidence that Baker lost his UNICOR job 

as a disciplinary sanction for refusing to obey an order and being in an unauthorized area 

on October 20, 2006. 

Baker also alleged that he was placed in administrative custody for thirty-five days 

in February and March 2007 for retaliatory reasons. The District Court correctly 

concluded that this claim is likewise unsupported by the record, which indicates that he 

was housed in administrative custody for a period of only twelve days and as a direct 

result of a gambling incident. 

The District Court also correctly concluded that there was no evidentiary support

for Baker’s claim that he was transferred to a higher custody facility as a result of his 

litigious behavior. The record shows that Baker was transferred because he received 

three incident reports—which heightened his custody status so that he could no longer be 
8

housed at a camp facility such as SPC-Lewisburg—not because he had filed grievances 

and lawsuits against the BOP defendants. 

Finally, the District Court correctly concluded that the record does not support 

Baker’s allegations that he was issued two false incident reports for retaliatory reasons. 

With respect to the first incident report, which accused Baker of gambling, the District 

Court correctly noted that Baker admitted his guilt to this misconduct. Therefore, the 

report was issued for a legitimate penological purpose. As for the incident report that 

Corrections Officer Boyd Ross filed charging him with being in an unauthorized area (the 

law library) and interfering with the taking of count, we agree with the District Court that 

Baker failed to provide any evidence indicating that his resort to legal process was a 

motivating factor in Ross’s decision to file the report. Therefore, the District Court 

correctly concluded that no genuine issue of material fact exists as to one of the essential 

elements of this retaliation claim. 

D. The Conspiracy and Equal Protection Claims

Lastly, Baker claimed that the BOP defendants collectively conspired against him 

for exercising his First Amendment right to grieve about his medical treatment. 

According to Baker, the defendants ―conspired with a conspiratorial agreement to 

discriminate against [him . . . because he] is African-American.‖ To the extent that Baker 

was alleging a civil conspiracy claim, he was required to show that ―two or more 

conspirators reached an agreement to deprive him . . . of a constitutional right under color 

of law.‖ Parkway Garage v. City of Phila., 5 F.3d 685, 700 (3d Cir. 1993). As the 
9

District Court explained, however, Baker failed to provide any evidence suggesting that 

the defendants entered into any sort of agreement or plan to deprive him of anything. 

Similarly, Baker failed to provide any evidentiary support for his allegation that he 

was treated differently on account of his race. While Baker alleged that C.O. Ross

treated him differently than other inmates by ordering him out of the law library for 

afternoon count, he failed to provide any evidence of how similarly situated defendants 

were treated in this context. See City of Cleburne, Tex. v. Cleburne Living Ctr., 473 U.S. 

432, 439 (1985) (explaining that, in order to establish a violation of the Equal Protection 

Clause, a defendant must show that he has been treated differently from similarly-situated 

individuals). Therefore, the BOP defendants were entitled to summary judgment on this 

claim.8 

III.

We have reviewed Baker’s remaining arguments and conclude that they are 

without merit. Accordingly, we will affirm the District Court’s orders entering summary 

judgment in favor of the defendants. 

 

8

The District Court properly dismissed Baker’s claims against retired warden 

Williamson on the ground that liability in a civil rights action cannot be predicated solely 

on the operation of respondeat superior. See Rode v. Dellarciprete, 845 F.2d 1195, 1207 

(3d Cir. 1988).