IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO

EASTERN DIVISION

Robert B. Six, et al., Case No.: 2:11-cv-00698

Plaintiffs Judge Graham

v. Magistrate Judge Abel

Robert Beegle, et al., 

Defendants.

OPINION AND ORDER

This matter is before the court on the motions for judgment on the pleadings filed by

several individual defendants pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c).

I. Facts

Plaintiffs are Robert Six and Bobbi Six. The plaintiffs are residents of Meigs County,

Ohio. Moving defendants are Washington County Sheriff’s Office law enforcement officers

Joshua Staats, Brian Rhodes, Greg Nohe, and Scott Parks as well as Columbus Ohio Police

Officer Christine Roberts (“moving defendants”). Each of the moving defendants is sued in his

or her individual capacity. Co-defendants are various law enforcement officers with the

Washington County Sheriff’s Office, the Columbus Division of Police, the Ohio Bureau of

Identification and Investigation, and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Each codefendant is also sued in his individual capacity.

On August 5, 2009 the plaintiff was at his house in Meigs County, Ohio when defendants

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came onto his property and into his residence. Defendants were on the premises pursuant to a

search warrant issued by the Meigs County Court of Common Pleas. The defendants seized Mr.

Six and placed him in a police car. Although it was an extremely hot summer day, defendants did

not roll down the windows or turn on the air conditioning and Mr. Six was left for several hours

in the vehicle. Due to the heat, Mr. Six became unconscious and received medical treatment. 

While Mr. Six was in the police car, the defendants conducted a search of his property. 

According to plaintiffs, defendants seized a large number of personal property items, including

ammunition and hundreds of firearms. Some of the firearms belonged to Mr. Six and some

belonged to his wife. Plaintiffs allege that defendants maintained two inventory lists – one for

firearms and one for personal property. However, defendants allegedly failed to document

numerous firearms that were seized from the property. Plaintiffs also allege that during the search

of the property, the defendants observed properly tagged deer antlers and wild turkey feathers. 

Defendants allegedly removed the tags and then charged Mr. Six with the crime of possessing

untagged antlers and feathers. The charges stemming from the untagged antlers and feathers

were dismissed by the Meigs County Municipal Court. 

After the search, Mr. Six was charged with aggravated possession of marijuana with a

forfeiture specification seeking to forfeit “approximately three hundred firearms and

ammunition.” The common pleas court granted the motion to dismiss the forfeiture specification

and ordered the return of the firearms and ammunition to the plaintiffs. The return of the

property was overseen by Steve Jagers of Ohio Valley Investigations who determined that

defendants failed to return all the seized firearms. Plaintiffs also allege that defendants failed to

return firearms that they seized but failed to document. 

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On August 3, 2011 plaintiffs filed five claims against defendants arising from the search

on plaintiffs’ property: illegal seizure of plaintiffs’ personal property (Claim One), damage of

personal property illegal seized (Claim Two), illegal seizure of Mr. Six’s person (Claim Three),

malicious prosecution in connection with charges brought against Mr. Six related to untagged

dear antlers and turkey feathers (Claim Four), and a conspiracy to illegally seize plaintiffs’

property and to deprive them of various constitutional rights (Claim Five). All of plaintiffs’

claims are brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983. 

II. Legal Standard

 A motion for judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Rule 12(c) “should not be granted

unless it appears beyond a doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim

that would entitle him to relief.” Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 (1957). See also

Grindstaff v. Green, 133 F.3d 416, 421 (6th Cir. 1998) (“The standard of review applicable to a

Rule 12(c) motion is the same as that for a Rule 12(b)(6) motion.”)(citation omitted). All wellpleaded allegations must be taken as true and must be construed most favorably toward the nonmovant. Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974). A motion for judgment on the pleadings

is directed solely to the complaint and any exhibits attached to it. Roth Steel Prods. v. Sharon

Steel Corp., 705 F.2d 134, 155 (6th Cir. 1983). The merits of the claims set forth in the

complaint are not at issue on a motion for judgment on the pleadings. Consequently, a complaint

will be dismissed pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c) if there is no law to support the claims made,

or if the facts alleged are insufficient to state a claim, or if on the face of the complaint there is an

insurmountable bar to relief. See Rauch v. Day & Night Mfg. Corp., 576 F.2d 697, 702 (6th Cir.

1978); Westlake v. Lucas, 537 F.2d 857, 858 (6th Cir. 1976). However, the court “need not

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accept as true legal conclusions or unwarranted factual inferences.” Morgan v. Church’s Fried

Chicken, 829 F.2d 10, 12 (6th Cir. 1987) (citations omitted).

In considering a motion for judgment on the pleadings, the court considers the pleadings, 

which consist of the complaint, the answer, and any written instruments attached as exhibits.

Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(c); Fed.R.Civ.P. 7(a) (defining “pleadings” to include both the complaint and

the answer); Housing Authority Risk Retention Group, Inc. v. Chicago Housing Auth., 378 F.3d

596, 600 (7th Cir. 2004). While the allegations in the complaint are the primary focus in

assessing a Rule 12(c) motion, “matters of public record, orders, items appearing in the record of

the case, and exhibits attached to the complaint[] also may be taken into account.” BaranySnyder v. Weiner, 539 F.3d 327, 332 (6th Cir. 2008)(quoting Amini v. Oberlin Coll., 259 F.3d

493, 502 (6th Cir. 2001)).

III. Legal Analysis

A. 42 U.S.C. § 1983

Plaintiffs have sued the moving defendants under 42 U.S.C. §1983 in their individual

capacities. In order to prevail in a section 1983 claim, “the plaintiff must prove that some

conduct by a person acting under color of state law deprived the plaintiff of a right secured by the

Constitution or other federal laws.” Foy v. City of Berea, 58 F.3d 227, 229 (6th Cir. 1995). To

establish liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against an individual defendant, a plaintiff “must plead

and prove that the defendant was personally involved in the conduct that forms the basis of his

complaint.” Tarpley v. Jefferson County Comm’rs, No. 2:09-cv-199, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS

31143 (S.D. Ohio Mar. 30, 2010)(citing Greene v. Barber, 310 F.3d 889, 899 (6th Cir. 2002);

Shehee v. Luttrell, 199 F.3d 295, 300 (6th Cir. 1999)). An individual cannot be liable under

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section 1983 unless he or she “personally participated in, or otherwise authorized, approved or

knowingly acquiesced in, the allegedly unconstitutional conduct.” Tarpley, 2010 U.S. Dist.

LEXIS 31143 (citing Leach v. Shelby Co. Sheriff; 891 F.2d 1241, 1246 (6th Cir. 1989)); see

also, Salehpour v. Univ. of Tenn., 159 F.3d 199, 206 (6th Cir. 1998) (it is well-settled that to

state a cognizable Section 1983 claim, the plaintiff must allege some personal involvement by

each of the named defendants): Copeland v. Machulis, 57 F.3d 476, 481 (6th Cir. 1995) (personal

involvement by the defendant is an essential element in a § 1983 cause of action asserting a

constitutional deprivation)

Plaintiffs have failed to identify a single action specifically taken by any one of the

moving defendants. Plaintiff’s entire complaint alleges that “defendants” committed each act. 

There is no allegation that Staats, Nohe, Rhodes, Parks, or Roberts were actually present at the

plaintiffs’ property on August 5, 2009. There is no allegation that any of these moving

defendants personally placed Mr. Six in the back of the police vehicle, or failed to provide air

conditioning, or to monitor Mr. Six’s health while in the police vehicle. There is no allegation

that Staats, Nohe, Rhodes, Parks or Roberts were personally involved in the seizure of plaintiffs’

personal property, guns, or ammunition. There is no allegation that Staats, Nohe, Rhodes, Parks

or Roberts personally made the inventory list, or property supplement, or that any of these

individuals personally failed to record all the weapons seized from the house. There is no

allegation that Staats, Nohe, Rhodes, Parks or Roberts were personally involved in

photographing the deer antlers and turkey feathers, or that any of these individuals were

personally involved in removing the tags from the antlers and feathers. There is no allegation

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that Staats, Nohe, Rhodes, Parks or Roberts were personally involved in bringing the criminal

charges against Mr. Six. Finally, there is no allegation that Staats, Nohe, Rhodes, Parks or

Roberts were personally involved in conspiring against plaintiffs.

Nonetheless, plaintiffs argue that the term “defendants” obviously includes the moving

defendants and therefore the pleading placed each defendant on notice of the conduct in which

the defendant is alleged to have engaged. Plaintiffs’ argument is not persuasive. In order to state

a claim for individual liability under section 1983, the complaint must “affirmatively plead the

personal involvement of a defendant in the allegedly unconstitutional action.” Gregg v. Ohio

Dept. of Youth Services, 661 F.Supp.2d 842, 858 (S.D.Ohio 2009). Plaintiff fails to state a claim

where it has failed to how that the particular defendant was “directly involved or caused the

events at issue.” Irvin v. Clarksville Gas & Water Dep’t, No. 3:11-cv-00529, 2011 U.S. Dist.

LEXIS 90366 (M.D. Tenn., Aug. 11, 2011)(citing Petty v. County of Franklin, 478 F.3d 341, 349

(6th Cir. 2007)). Thus “merely listing the names in the caption of the complaint and alleging

constitutional violations in the body of the complaint is not enough to sustain recovery under §

1983.” Id. (citing Gilmore v. Corrections Corporation of America, 92 Fed. App’x 188 (6th Cir.

2004)). 

Accordingly, because the plaintiffs failed to specifically allege how each of the moving

defendants was personally involved in the alleged constitutional violations , judgment on the 1

pleadings is proper. 

IV. Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, the motions for judgment on the pleadings filed by defendant

The plaintiffs have not moved the court for leave to amend their complaint. 1

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Greg Nohe (doc. 24), Joshua Staats (doc. 26), Jerry Peters (doc. 28), Scott Parks (doc. 30) and

Christine Roberts (doc. 50) are GRANTED. If plaintiffs wish to seek leave to file an amended

complaint, they shall do so within 20 days from the date hereof, otherwise the court will direct

the clerk to enter final judgment for the moving defendants.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

s/ James L. Graham 

James L. Graham

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Date: May 4, 2012

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