The Honorable Patrick J. Duggan, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of *

Michigan, sitting by designation.

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 10a0342n.06

No. 08-2438

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.

MINION CARTER,

Defendant-Appellant.

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ON APPEAL FROM THE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT

COURT FOR THE WESTERN

DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

BEFORE: MARTIN and GRIFFIN, Circuit Judges; and DUGGAN, District Judge.*

GRIFFIN, Circuit Judge.

Defendant Minion Carter appeals the district court’s application of the Sentencing

Guidelines’s career offender enhancement to his sentence following his plea of guilty to distribution

of cocaine base. Because the government concedes that assaulting, battering, wounding, resisting,

obstructing, or endangering a police officer under Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.81d(1) is not

categorically a crime of violence, see United States v. Mosley, 575 F.3d 603 (6th Cir. 2009), we

vacate Carter’s sentence and remand for resentencing. 

I.

In 2008, Carter pleaded guilty to distributing cocaine base. See 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). After
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United States v. Carter

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finding that Carter was a career offender, see U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1, the district court calculated an initial

Guidelines range of 188 to 235 months, which it amended to 140 to 175 months after granting the

government’s motion for substantial assistance under U.S.S.G. § 5K1.1. The district court sentenced

Carter to 140 months in prison. 

In explaining its career-offender determination, the district court held, over Carter’s

objections, that Carter’s two prior state court convictions for assaulting, battering, wounding,

resisting, obstructing, or endangering a police officer under Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.81d(1) were

crimes of violence. Carter did not object to the district court’s additional conclusion that his

previous conviction of breaking and entering an occupied dwelling with intent to commit larceny in

violation of Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.110(1) was a crime of violence. Based upon these rulings, the

district court ruled that Carter was eligible for the career offender enhancement under U.S.S.G. §

4B1.1, which applies when “(1) the defendant was at least eighteen years old at the time [he]

committed the instant offense of conviction; (2) the instant offense of conviction is a felony that is

either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense; and (3) the defendant has at least two

prior felony convictions of either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense.” § 4B1.1(a).

Carter timely appealed. 

II.

The single issue raised in this appeal is whether Carter’s convictions under Mich. Comp.

Laws § 750.81d(1) are crimes of violence for purposes of the career offender enhancement.

Following briefing, the government filed a July 23, 2009, letter of supplemental authority advising
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United States v. Carter

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of this court’s decision in United States v. Mosley. Mosley held that a violation of § 750.81d(1) was

not categorically a crime of violence, but rather, “contain[ed] at least two categories–those

violations, on the one hand, involving an individual who physically injures an officer because he

‘assaults, batters, [or] wounds’ the officer, and those, on the other hand, involving an individual who

‘obstructs’ an officer through ‘a knowing failure to comply with a lawful command[.]’” 575 F.3d

at 607 (citations omitted). Because we concluded in Mosley that the latter subcategory is not a crime

of violence, id. at 607-08, we vacated Mosley’s sentence and remanded the case to the district court

to allow the government “to show whether the indictment, the plea agreement, the plea colloquy or

‘comparable judicial record[s]’ show that Mosley ‘necessarily admitted’ committing a crime of

violence.” Id. at 608 (quoting Shepard v. United States, 544 U.S. 13, 26 (2005)). We explained that

“[i]t may . . . turn out that [Mosley] was convicted for ‘assault[ing]’ an officer, not for failing to

comply with an officer’s lawful command.” Mosley, 575 F.3d at 608. 

Like Mosley, the district court in the present case erroneously resolved the crime of violence

issue at the categorical stage under Taylor v. United States, 495 U.S. 575, 602 (1990), consistent

with the position advocated by the government. The government admits that “[t]he record does not

contain information from the types of documents that may be consulted under Shepard to determine

what subcategory of crime was involved in [Carter’s] prior resisting and obstructing conviction(s)”

and “concedes that [Carter’s] sentence . . . should be vacated and . . . remanded to the district court

for resentencing in light of Mosley.” (Citation omitted.) As in Mosley, the government on remand

will have the opportunity to argue that the relevant Shepard documents demonstrate that one or both
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United States v. Carter

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of Carter’s convictions under Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.81d(1) constitute a crime of violence. 

III.

For these reasons, we vacate Carter’s sentence and remand for resentencing.