What started in 1919 as a school for select offi cers has 

grown into a premier educational institution for both offi cer 

and enlisted students, international students, Department of 

Defense civilians, and members of all branches of the armed 

services. AFIT accomplishes its mission through three 

resident schools – the Graduate School of Engineering and 

Management, the School of Systems and Logistics, and the 

Civil Engineer and Services School – as well as through its 

offi ce of Civilian Institution Programs.

As the Air Force Institute of Technology 

continues its ninth decade of operation, 

faculty and staff members refl ect with 

pride on the contributions the Institute’s 

graduates have made on engineering, 

science, technology, medicine, 

logistics, and management. These 

immeasurable contributions have been 

vital to national security. The future 

promises to be even more challenging 

than the past, and AFIT is prepared 

to continue providing the environment 

and the opportunity for our students to 

develop the professional and technological skills needed to 

sustain the supremacy of America’s air and space forces.

MISSION

Provide responsive, defense-focused graduate and 

continuing education, research, and consultation to improve 

Air Force and joint operational capability

www.afi t.edu/en

AFIT Overview 
Message from the Dean

I am pleased to share with you the AFIT 

Graduate School of Engineering and 

Management Annual Report 2006. The faculty 

and I are proud of the accomplishments 

summarized here, and of AFIT’s long tradition 

of providing leading edge technical education 

to our nation’s fi nest military offi cers.

AFIT’s tradition of excellence continues through 

our education and research programs delivered 

through our centers. This report highlights 

the ongoing activities in the emerging area of 

cyberwarfare; primarily through our Center for 

Information Security Education and Research 

(CISER). CISER’s computer engineering–

based initiatives address important Air Force 

and Department of Defense needs to advance 

new technologies for operations in air and 

space. These efforts will be in direct support 

of the Air Force’s new Cyberspace Command.

AFIT ranks 19th in the number of master’s degrees awarded by U.S. engineering 

colleges, according to the 2006 American Society of Engineering Education 

survey. While these graduates will provide immediate benefi t to the U.S. Air 

Force and Department of Defense, they will also contribute to the nation’s 

technical workforce and economic strength for decades following their military 

service. AFIT’s research funding from U.S. military and intelligence agencies 

continues to increase, refl ecting the value of our research products to our 

sponsors.

Force transformation presents a multitude of challenges for us as we move to a 

smaller but more effective force with enhanced capabilities including the Global 

War on Terror (GWOT). AFIT will continue to promote and execute programs 

and initiatives to leverage technology and improve processes as directed by Air 

Force Smart Operations for the 21st Century (AFSO21).

As I complete my fi rst year at AFIT, I am enthusiastic about leading the 

innovations required to continue the fi ne AFIT tradition of relevant, high quality 

graduate education and research in an ever-changing world.

Marlin U. Thomas, Ph.D.

Dean, Graduate School of Engineering and Management

Air Force Institute of Technology

Dr. Thomas’ biography is available at 

http://www.afi t.edu/p/dean_en.cfm

Dr. Thomas, Dean
On Pearl Harbor Day, December 7, 2005, the 

Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF), Mr. Michael 

W. Wynne, added cyberspace to the Air Force 

mission. This addition to the Air Force mission 

was due in large part to the growing threats to 

national security originating in cyberspace. In 

his statement, the SECAF envisioned the Air 

Force as being the service leader in cyberspace 

operations due to the service’s global reach and 

force projection capabilities. Since that day in 2005, 

the Air Force has been working at cyber speeds 

to ensure capabilities development for delivery of 

sovereign options in cyberspace. In January 2006, 

the Air Force Chief of Staff (CSAF), General T. 

Michael Moseley stood-up the Cyber Task Force to 

investigate current capabilities, identify unfulfi lled 

needs, and promote the growth of cyberspace 

capabilities. In November 2006, the CSAF named 

and tasked the Eighth Air Force (8AF) with a “Go 

Do” letter to provide the way ahead for Air Force 

cyberspace. Since then, on-going efforts have been 

to develop a cyberspace Organize, Train, and Equip 

(OT&E) plan for the cyber workforce as a precursor 

for the establishment of a Cyberspace Command.

Cyberspace operations are inherently technical in 

nature. As a result, the Air Force must grow and 

maintain a technical workforce capable of mitigating 

the threats posed in cyberspace. AFIT is playing an 

integral role in the development of the cyberspace 

workforce. Since the early 1990s, AFIT has been 

producing graduates who possess the skillsets 

necessary for the Department of Defense and Air 

Force success in cyberspace. These graduates 

understand capabilities as they relate to digital 

forensics; systems attack, defense, and exploitation; 

and in general, network warfare and operations. 

These educational and research skillsets will prove 

to be invaluable for the cyber warrior.

With fi scal restrictions and manpower reductions 

continuing to affect the Air Force, the Air Force 

is faced with a cultural change for successful 

operations in cyberspace. New cyberspace 

capabilities must seamlessly integrate with existing 

air and space capabilities. The cyber workforce will 

be lean and blended to form a synergistic air, space, 

and cyberspace service. AFIT is working closely 

with the 8AF to develop education and training 

requirements for the cyberspace command. In 

January 2007, AFIT hosted, on behalf of the 8AF, the 

fi rst ever Cyberspace Forces Education and Training 

(E&T) workshop. This workshop brought together 

49 experts from the operational, education, training, 

and policy/personnel communities to develop 

E&T Courses of Action (COAs) for the AFCYBER 

Commander, Lt Gen Robert Elder, as part of the 

OT&E plan.

The Cyberspace 

Vision: Developing 

Capabilities to 

Deliver Sovereign 

Options in Cyberspace

1
Center for 

Information 

Security 

Education & 

Research

AFIT and CISER are forward-looking institutions, 

responsive to the changing educational needs of the 

Air Force, the DoD, and the federal government. The 

CISER was designated as a National Security Agency 

(NSA) National Center of Academic Excellence 

in Information Assurance Education (CAE/IAE) in 

2002 and recertifi ed in 2005 by the NSA and the 

Department of Homeland Security. In 2005, we also 

received a national CyberCorp Institution status from 

the National Science Foundation.

The CISER conducts defense focused research at the 

Master’s and PhD levels. We currently have strong 

research ties with the Anti Tamper Software Protection 

Initiative Technology Offi ce of AFRL, the NSA, the 

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 

(DARPA), the Air Force Information Operations 

Center (AFIOC), and the Air Force Communications 

Agency (AFCA). The CISER conducts both classifi ed 

and unclassifi ed research; faculty and students 

hold security clearances capable of supporting 

research at the Top Secret level. The CISER faculty 

possesses a wealth of knowledge and experience in 

communications, networking, and information security 

gained through DoD operational assignments before 

joining the faculty. Recent research topics include 

extensive investigations into the vulnerabilities of 

IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth networks, interference 

characteristics of ultra wideband systems on third and 

fourth generation communication systems, wireless 

traffi c analysis, steganography and steganalysis, 

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) capabilities and 

security limitations, Intrusion Detection System 

exploitation and evasion, security in remote 

sensor networks, and routing security in ad hoc 

communication networks.

To ensure that our cyber education and research 

programs prepare graduates to meet the needs of the 

federal government, an external Distinguished Review 

Board (DRB) of Cyber Operations and security experts 

and senior leaders oversees program direction. This 

DRB is chaired by Major General John Maluda, 

Vice Commander of the 8th Air Force, and has a 

permanent member in Mr. Tony Sager, the Senior 

Executive Academic Liaison from the NSA. The DRB 

solicits feedback on the quality of course instruction, 

the focus and conduct of research, and the adequacy 

of laboratory and student support resources.

Our graduate Cyber Operations and Cyber Warfare 

programs are designed to support one of the federal 

government’s and DoD’s critical missions—Computer 

Network Operations (CNO). As DoD component 

element missions require rapid deployment and 

response on a global scale, our graduates must 

understand the technical and managerial roles 

associated with these complex cyber mission 

requirements.

www.afi t.edu/ciser 2
The Center for Information 

Security Education and Research 

(CISER) will soon unveil a 

powerful network-emulation 

facility. The Cyber OpeRations 

Emulator (CORE) is a globalscale network-emulation test bed 

that provides DoD researchers 

and students a unifi ed, effi cient, 

and fl exible framework for 

studying malicious code and DoD 

network operations.

The CORE architecture is based 

on the proven and fi elded Emulab 

emulation environment which 

enables CORE to confi gure and 

control hundreds of rack-mounted 

PCs and network devices. The 

CORE’s users can precisely 

specify a network confi guration 

to emulate, including networktopology and packet-transmission 

characteristics such as line 

speed, packet loss, and latency.

When fully operational, the CORE 

will possess unique capabilities 

making it valuable for defense 

research. CORE will support 

1) research into malicious 

activities such as the introduction 

Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses 

Welcome Here

of viruses, worms, and Trojan 

horses into networks and network 

nodes; 2) simultaneous operation 

in two distinct modes, “research 

mode” for high-fi delity study of 

networks, and as a planned 

later enhancement, a “networksimulator mode” for realistic 

network-operations training. 

Furthermore CORE has a 

Graphical User Interface (GUI) to 

quickly and effi ciently specify a 

network topology, workload, and 

operating characteristics.

The CORE provides an 

invaluable platform for researchrelated education in a wide 

range of areas. Each year, 

approximately 90 students 

take our courses in Distributed 

Software Systems, Introduction 

to Computer Networking, and 

Computer Communications 

Networks. The most effective 

learning takes place by observing 

and interacting with real systems 

in operation. Using the CORE 

as a virtual laboratory will 

signifi cantly enhance the learning 

experience in these courses. 

Each student will be able to 

simultaneously implement and 

change the confi guration of 

actual networks and distributed 

systems, observing the results of 

their changes in real time.

The most signifi cant impact 

the CORE will have on 

current research efforts is the 

unifi ed, effi cient, and easily 

reconfi gurable environment 

it provides; enabling multiple 

researchers to focus on the 

research problem rather than 

on unique instrumentation for a 

particular effort. The CORE will 

make a unique contribution to 

the research-related educational 

areas of secure software design, 

computer security, analysis of 

malicious code, and computer 

attack tools and techniques. 

Such code and applications 

must be studied in a controlled 

environment to understand 

how they operate, to determine 

their attack profi les, and to 

devise effective and effi cient 

detection and prevention 

countermeasures. The CORE 

provides the ideal environment 

for such education and research.

For more information

Dr Rusty Baldwin 

(937)255-6565x4445 

rusty.baldwin@afi t.edu

3
Software piracy, the act of 

illegally copying and distributing 

software, is an ongoing 

problem for software vendors 

within the United States and 

internationally, costing nearly 

$15 billion dollars each year. 

Security professionals are 

researching various software 

watermarking techniques as 

one of many means to combat 

software piracy. Software 

watermarking involves inserting 

controlled information or data 

into the software that cannot 

be removed or altered. In some 

cases, a unique fi ngerprint, often 

taking the form of a customer ID 

number, can be used.

Current watermarking systems 

protect the watermark by hiding 

it, using “security through 

obscurity.” AFIT research, 

sponsored by the Anti-Tamper 

Software Protection Initiative 

(AT/SPI) Technology Offi ce, has 

proposed a different approach 

that instead uses cryptographic 

style security. Cryptographic 

style security does not attempt 

to hide the watermark; instead, 

the watermark is made as robust 

and unbreakable as possible. 

There is no attempt to hide 

the fact that the watermark is 

present.

A valid watermarking system 

proves ownership rather than 

simply identifying the author, 

and as such an attacker is less 

likely to claim it as his own. 

An accepted standard for a 

watermark’s attack resistance is 

that any removal or modifi cation 

of the watermark will “break” the 

program, rendering it unusable. 

Instead of relying on the security 

of the algorithm itself, modern 

cryptographic algorithms 

depend on the security of the 

encryption keys and the rigorous 

mathematical diffi culty of reverse 

engineering one way functions 

for the security of those keys. 

Little or no effort is expended in 

hiding that encryption occurs or 

in hiding the actual method of 

encryption. The important thing 

is to keep the keys secure.

Removing “Security through Obscurity” 

from Software Watermarking

The watermarking scheme 

and the watermark values 

should be publishable without 

compromising the security of 

the watermark. A model similar 

to modern cryptography is 

desirable. The watermarking 

algorithm can be published, 

even the actual watermark. 

The security of the watermark 

is then dependent on the 

robustness of the embedding of 

the watermark and the diffi culty 

of its removal while maintaining 

program integrity, not fi nding the 

watermark.

History has shown that “security 

through obscurity” really does 

not provide security. Current 

watermarking research 

depends on a secret key for 

security, hiding the watermark 

for protection. If the key is 

discovered, then the watermark 

is vulnerable. AFIT research 

shows the focus should 

instead be nonstealthy, robust 

techniques. This shift would 

lead to increased robustness 

and security in future software 

watermarking methods.

For more information

Dr Robert Mills 

(937)255-3636x4527 

robert.mills@afi t.edu

4
Digital forensics education gives students a 

distinct advantage over our potential adversaries, 

be it nation states or malicious hackers. AFIT 

offers a digital forensics class that examines the 

technical details of media analysis, including 

proper media duplication, and methods for 

locating hidden information. 

Hands-on laboratory activities give students 

practical experience with conducting a search 

and seizure; maintaining a live network without 

loss of service while identifying and reversing 

a problem; regaining reentry by circumventing 

the computer’s security when locked out of the 

machine; analyzing network capture logs and 

tracking the individuals attacking back to their 

ISP; and other topics. Subject matter experts 

are regularly invited to describe their real life 

experiences in digital forensics, providing a robust 

learning experience.

Through a grant sponsored by the National 

Science Foundation, we are partnering 

with Sinclair Community College to develop 

courseware appropriately structured for fi rstresponders attending classes at the community 

Digital Forensics 

Education

at the Air Force 

Institute of 

Technology

college level. AFIT digital forensics education 

also serves the local community by offering local 

law enforcement offi cers the opportunity to attend 

the course without charge. The offi cers have 

enjoyed the course, commenting that the level of 

complexity on the media analysis required more 

of them than most of the cases that they work on 

a regular basis. 

Our digital forensics course is offered once a 

year and 48 students have completed the class 

to date. In the future we plan to extend the digital 

forensics offerings at AFIT, adding courses that 

offer more depth in the Network Forensics, Digital 

Device Analysis, and the Data Analysis topic 

areas. Some of the topics in Data Analysis will 

be expanded, including a more in depth coverage 

of information hiding and its role in steganalysis, 

metadata, and network protocols.

For more information

Dr Gilbert Peterson 

(937)255-3636x4281 

gilbert.peterson@afi t.edu

5
Software piracy, the act of illegally copying and distributing software, is an ongoing problem for software 

vendors within the United States and internationally, costing nearly $15 billion dollars each year. Security 

professionals are researching various software watermarking techniques as one of many means to 

combat software piracy. Software watermarking involves inserting controlled information or data into 

the software that cannot be removed or altered. In some cases, a unique fi ngerprint, often taking the 

form of a customer ID number, can be used.

Current watermarking systems protect the watermark by hiding it, using security through obscurity. 

AFIT research, sponsored by the Anti-Tamper Software Protection Initiative (AT/SPI) Technology 

Offi ce, has proposed a different approach that instead uses cryptographic style security. Cryptographic 

style security does not attempt to hide the watermark; instead, the watermark is made as robust and 

unbreakable as possible. There is no attempt to hide the fact that the watermark is present.

A valid watermarking system proves ownership rather than simply identifying the author, and as such an 

attacker is less likely to claim it as his own. An accepted standard for a watermark’s attack resistance 

is that any removal or modifi cation of the watermark will “break” the program, rendering it unusable. 

Instead of relying on the security of the algorithm itself, modern cryptographic algorithms depend on the 

security of the encryption keys and the rigorous mathematical diffi culty of reverse engineering one way 

functions for the security of those keys. Little or no effort is expended in hiding that encryption occurs 

or in hiding the actual method of encryption. The important thing is to keep the keys secure.

The watermarking scheme and the watermark values should be publishable without compromising the 

security of the watermark. A model similar to modern cryptography is desirable. The watermarking 

algorithm can be published, even the actual watermark. The security of the watermark is then dependent 

on the robustness of the embedding of the watermark and the diffi culty of its removal while maintaining 

program integrity, not fi nding the watermark.

History has shown that security through obscurity really does not provide security. Current watermarking 

research depends on a secret key for security, hiding the watermark for protection. If the key is 

discovered, then the watermark is vulnerable if discovered. AFIT research shows the focus should be 

nonstealthy, robust techniques. This shift would lead to increased robustness and security in future 

software watermarking methods.

Removing Security through Obscurity 

from Software Watermarking

Intrusion detection is the art and science of 

fi nding compromises or attempts to compromise 

a network or computer system’s integrity. A 

Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) 

monitors the traffi c on an entire network to 

determine if an attack or intrusion has occurred. 

AFIT researchers are striving to minimize the 

manpower required to operate these systems, 

while reducing the risks of attack. 

One weakness of NIDSs is that they identify 

attacks but rarely identify whether the attacks 

succeed or fail; the success–failure determination 

is left to the analyst or system administrator. 

Each method for determining whether to trust the 

response has its own strengths and weaknesses.

The fi rst method, cataloging of known exploit 

shellcode, is perfectly suited for public exploits, 

which comprise the majority of attacks. The 

code’s “payload” size is irrelevant because the 

code is mostly static, so the analyst can account 

for any minor changes in the payload—changing 

ports or backdoor names and passwords. This 

method is the most straightforward and requires 

the least technical research; however, it fails with 

randomly encoded payloads.

Network Intrusion 

Detection

The payload-size analysis method is designed for 

optimized payloads that are randomly encoded. 

With the overall trend of payload development 

toward small, optimized code, we expect this 

method to increase in effectiveness. In the 

unlikely case that the payload is both unknown 

and too large, the analyst should either reverse 

engineer it or check the patches and logs.

An attacker could purposefully create large 

encoded payloads to render the above defense 

methods ineffective. Ultimately, the widespread 

knowledge of the possibility of response forging, 

combined with methods to correctly determine 

response validity, makes forging attacks too 

risky for the attacker. Nevertheless, it’s useful to 

determine the result with polymorphic overfl ows 

in which the payload size is either too large or 

can’t be easily calculated.

AFIT research is currently testing large encoded 

payload attacks against Windows and Linux using 

the Metasploit Framework. Additionally, we’re 

developing payload-size and shellcode-matching 

fi lters for Snort, a widely used Network Intrusion 

Detection System. On the response-matching 

side, several real-world issues exist that need 

additional research—we’ve found some exploits 

that have several different patched responses 

based on the exploit vector, requiring a better 

matching method than simply using the fl owbits 

plug-in, for example. Further research into these 

ideas should prove even more benefi cial in 

reducing both the analyst workload and the risk 

from evasion attacks.

For more information

Dr Richard Raines 

(937)255-6565x4278 

richard.raines@afi t.edu

6
A recent project demonstrating architecture based concept formulation and evaluation focused on a 

near real-time, net-centric approach to Bomb Damage Assessment (BDA). This project looked at the 

potential benefi t from capturing information from weapon-borne BDA sensors for a rapid probabilistic 

assessment of weapon effects. The concept was defi ned parametrically based on bomb effectiveness; 

aircraft carry capacity, network reliability and BDA algorithm accuracy. The concept was evaluated 

against mission level metrics associated with sortie effectiveness (e.g., average kills/sortie) and sorties 

required to service specifi ed targets. Both spreadsheet analysis tools and discrete event simulations 

were constructed based directly on a system architecture defi ning the concept. The system architecture 

correctly captured system of systems level interactions between targets, strike elements, and both 

ground and airborne command and control elements. An important point that came out of this research 

is the importance of targeting doctrine to the overall concept. The near real-time approach to BDA did 

not achieve the desired improvements in sortie effectiveness unless changes were made to traditional 

weapon-target pairing and targeting doctrine.

Bomb Damage Assessment 

... Near Real-Time

Another major thrust within the Center for Systems Engineering has been to support the Core 

Process III initiatives within the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL). These initiatives look to accelerate 

support to the warfi ghter by combining mature technologies in useful concepts that can be rapidly 

prototyped and demonstrated to support urgent needs. An example of this is the recently completed 

effort to demonstrate and evaluate friendly marking devices to avoid friendly fi re incidences while 

conducting close air support missions. AFIT students provided the Systems Engineering analysis 

and test planning as part of a cross directorate effort in AFRL. The group evaluated and tested a 

wide range of devices, and selected the most promising candidates based on user validated needs.

Avoiding Friendly Fire Incidents

For more information

Dr David Jacques 

(937)255-3636x3329 

david.jacques@afi t.edu

For more information

LtCol John Colombi 

(937)255-3636x3347

 john.colombi@afi t.edu

7
Over the past 2 years, AFIT graduate students worked with partners at the Los Alamos National Labs 

to develop project Angel Fire, a persistent city-sized surveillance program. Intended to help counter the 

threat posed by improvised explosive devices (IEDs), Angel Fire is an airborne high-resolution imaging and 

dissemination system. By providing real-time imaging capabilities, IEDs and other threats to ground forces can 

be detected, prevented, and/or negated. Angel Fire is particularly well suited to provide enhanced situational 

awareness to forces operating in an urban environment, convoy operations, or other ground operations. The 

Angel Fire system was successfully demonstrated to the U.S. Marine Corps during various training exercises. 

The Marines were so impressed with the system that they asked for it to be deployed as quickly as possible. 

Developed in an incubator-type setting, Angel Fire has been transferred to the Air Force Research Laboratory 

for further development and establishment as an offi cial program.

Imaging Ground Forces 

... Real-Time

For more information

Dr Alfred Thal 

(937)255-3636x7401 

alfred.thal@afi t.edu

8
Autonomous navigation is often needed for military operations in 

environments where external navigation reference sources (such as 

the Global Positioning System) are unavailable. AFIT is exploring 

new ways of fusing optical and inertial sensors to achieve robust, 

self-contained, passive, autonomous navigation – without GPS. The 

overall objective of this research is to combine image and inertial 

sensor data at a fundamental level to exploit the natural synergy 

between imaging and inertial sensors. At the heart of this approach is 

a rigorous method to combine previous image information with inertial 

navigation system measurements to predict feature locations in new 

images. Using this approach yields a robust, effi cient algorithm that 

can be applied in real-time. An experimental test set-up at AFIT has 

demonstrated the ability of this system to use the predicted feature 

locations to navigate in an aircraft and indoors without maps or other 

prior knowledge of the environment. 

With sponsorship from AFRL, the Advanced Navigation Technology (ANT) Center at AFIT developed and 

successfully demonstrated both a real-time relative navigation system and fl ight control algorithms for UAV 

refueling. There is currently no operational capability to refuel UAVs in fl ight, because all current approaches 

require a person in the loop. The new relative navigation system developed at AFIT used GPS carrier-phase 

ambiguity resolution techniques to solve for centimeter-level accuracy relative position between two moving 

aircraft in real-time at a 20 Hz rate. The fl ight control algorithms were developed via simulation but then 

implemented on the Variable Stability System (VSS) autopilot in a Learjet owned by Calspan. A fl ight test was 

conducted in fall 2005 by the USAF Test Pilot School, in which the Calspan Learjet fl ew in full six degree-offreedom autonomous formation fl ight with a lead C-12 (representing a tanker) for several hours. The system 

performed well in both straight-and-level fl ight and in turns, and also demonstrated the ability to transition 

between commonly used positions in a refueling sequence. Ongoing research is investigating the use of 

imaging sensors to augment the GPS-based approach for increased robustness.

Accurate Navigation without GPS

Precision Air-to-Air Navigation for UAV 

Refueling

The space intelligence community must quickly and effectively evaluate the design and capabilities of foreign 

satellite systems, to include potential threat systems. In response to this need, a team of AFIT systems 

engineering students designed, developed and tested a software-based parametric satellite model to be used 

by the AF space intelligence community for threat modeling and analysis. The fi nal product allowed the user to: 

1) alter orbital parameters and space environment variables; 2) plug and play different subsystem component 

models; 3) alter key design parameters of subsystems and environments; and 4) view system responses to 

internal/external events and/or environmental changes. The completed effort provided a new capability to the 

space intelligence community and increased their mission effectiveness by an estimated 400%. In recognition 

for this outstanding accomplishment, the AFIT team won the 2006 Air Force Systems Engineering Award.

AFIT team wins 2006 Air Force Systems 

Engineering Award: AFIT Satellite Modeling 

Tool Increases AF Space Intelligence Mission 

Effectiveness by 400%

For more information

Dr Richard Cobb 

(937)255-3636x4559 

richard.cobb@afi t.edu

For more information

Maj Michael Veth 

(937)255-3636x4541 

michael.veth@afi t.edu

For more information

Dr John Raquet 

(937)255-3636x4580 

john.raquet@afi t.edu 9
AFIT is an active participant in the ramp-up of Air Force Smart Operations for the 21st Century (also called Air 

Force Smart Ops or AFSO21), a coordinated effort to improve operations throughout the rank and fi le of the US 

Air Force. AFSO21 is an integrative process using Lean Principles, Theory of Constraints, Six Sigma, BPI, MBO, 

TQM, 6s, Project Management, and other classical management tools. AFSO21 will streamline operations, 

optimize processes, reduce overhead operations, and achieve a lean workforce. These improvements will 

have direct, long-term contributions to both military and civilian organizations, enabling a more effective US 

Air Force. With three trained AFSO21 facilitators and a wealth of knowledge resident in its faculty, AFIT is 

incorporating AFSO21 content and tools into graduate program course work and is applying AFSO21 to improve 

its internal processes. The fi rst AFIT rapid improvement effort resulted in a reduction of the time to produce 

systems engineering case studies by 36% (11 months) while also improving the value of the case studies to 

the fi nal customer at no additional cost. AFSO21 is expected to be the catalyst for sustainable organizational 

improvement within the Air Force, and AFIT’s Department of Systems and Engineering Management is playing a 

crucial role in the Air Force’s transition to AFSO21.

AFSO21 at AFIT: Improving USAF Operations

The Center for Operational Analysis continues its combat modeling 

research and analysis using models from the Air Force Standard 

Analysis Toolkit (AFSAT). The System Effectiveness Analysis 

Simulation (SEAS) mission-level model was selected to examine 

various mixes of sensor coverage for high value fl eeting targets 

for Air Combat Command. SEAS was also used in an effort to 

defi ne, model, and evaluate Network Centric Warfare concepts for 

Aeronautical Systems Center’s Simulation and Analysis Facility. As 

the only agent based model in the AFSAT, SEAS also provides a 

perfect platform for future ABM research in collaboration with the 

Naval Postgraduate School and follow on efforts to Project Albert. 

Another effort demonstrated signifi cant variance reduction in a 

campaign level combat model (THUNDER) using traditional variance 

reduction techniques, the most successful being control variates.

Combat Modeling for Current 

and Future Operations

Our weapons effects based research includes fallout prediction, 

computational modeling, radiation effects on electronics and materials, 

and radiation detection. Fallout modeling research is done as part of 

the national nuclear forensics program, and contributes to real time 

analysis of debris and air sampling for treaty verifi cation, detonation 

monitoring, and prediction of fallout patterns. Computational 

modeling is oriented on developing state-of-the-art transport codes. 

Radiation effects research encompasses transient and long term 

radiation damage effects to a variety of electronics materials used 

in DoD applications. Recent work is oriented on survivability of 

high speed and high energy components in the natural space and 

nuclear weapons enhanced environments, and includes ionizing 

interactions, electrostatic discharge and EMP. Radiation detection 

research has been the mainstay for many decades and currently is 

oriented on developing high effi ciency, high resolution spectrometers 

for use in detection of special nuclear materials in closed unknown 

confi gurations or at great distances.

Nuclear Weapons Studies and 

Research

For more information

Dr John(J.O.) Miller 

(937)255-6565x4326

 john.miller@afi t.edu

For more information

Dr Adedeji Badiru 

(937)255-3636x4799 

adedeji.badiru@afi t.edu

For more information

Dr James Petrosky 

(937)255-3636x4562 

james.petrosky@afi t.edu

10
An AFIT doctoral student has conducted one of the fi rst experiments with low pressure 

airbags, an important step in the development of new systems to reduce helicopter 

fatalities and minimize damage from collisions with large trucks. The experiments 

successfully validated computational models that allow engineers to simulate thousands 

of airbag design confi gurations quickly on the computer, using the resulting performance 

data to choose the best airbag design. The range of experiments covers many potential 

uses of low pressure airbags, including helicopter crash landing protection, heavy vehicle 

bumpers, and bomb bay ejectors. The bomb bay airbags would reduce bomb ejection 

point loads on the airplane structure, as well as noise due to trapped vortices in the 

open bomb bay. Civil applications include reducing fatalities by mounting on bumpers 

of heavy trucks; external airbags that would deploy when collision with a smaller vehicle 

or pedestrian was imminent. The photo shows the gondola hitting an airbag at a fatal 

helicopter speed of 30 mph. The airbag kept the decelerations below 12 G’s. Collisions 

slowed to this level would allow helicopter pilots to walk away from an otherwise fatal 

crash.

New Airbag Designs

CMSR Research for 

Air Force, DoD, and the Intelligence 

Community

The Center for MASINT Studies and Research (CMSR) continues to break new 

ground with research into Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging, imaging 

and non-imaging IR, radar sensing, specifi cally SAR, passive bistatics, and 

non-cooperative target recognition using multi-static techniques. The NSA is 

sponsoring advanced biometric research, investigating the relationships between 

body gesture, speech and nonverbal information. Current research involves 

Radiant Brass conventional munitions signatures and rocket plume detection, 

measurement, and characterization; bomb detonation characterization using 

MASINT sensors will provide greater understanding of threat explosive types and 

destructive potential. Focused on the Air Force, Department of Defense, and the 

intelligence community, the CMSR is a unique national resource for educating the 

future generation of MASINT and AGI professionals in the scientifi c, technical, and 

operational activities necessary to develop, operationalize, and sustain MASINT 

methods and capabilities.

AFIT graduate students will have the unique opportunity to apply knowledge and principles learned in 

coursework to real-world product development efforts while being guided by AFIT faculty and AFRL 

researchers. This framework builds on the concept of Conceive-Design-Build-Operate to take a product 

development effort from initial idea to implementation, and provide feedback to the designer. This strategic 

partnership builds on the foundation to instruct offi cers, engineers, and scientists to develop new products and 

systems quickly. Through collaborative relationships, the center’s purpose is to develop and demonstrate rapid 

solutions to urgent operational needs through the application of maturing technologies.

Center for Rapid Product Development 

Established

For more information

Dr Robert Canfi eld 

(937)255-3636x4723 

robert.canfi eld@afi t.edu

For more information

Dr Alfred Thal 

(937)255-3636x7401 

alfred.thal@afi t.edu

For more information

Dr Ronald Tuttle

(937)255-3636x4536 

ronald.tuttle@afi t.edu

cmsr@afi t.edu

11
Orbit disposal of aging spacecraft has become a signifi cant concern over the past few years, as the increasing 

number of orbiting objects in high-value orbits (e.g. geosynchronous) threatens to limit the launching of future 

satellites and spacecraft. AFIT researchers have demonstrated through high fi delity modeling that the transfer 

to safe disposal orbits can be done with little or no fuel, using only the sun’s radiation. By controlling the 

projected area of a spacecraft with respect to the sun, the tiny force exerted by solar radiation can be harnessed 

to slowly raise the orbit of spacecraft in geosynchronous orbits. The time required depends strongly on the 

physical confi guration of each spacecraft. For satellites currently on orbit, researchers estimate it could take 30 

years to reach a safe disposal orbit, but it is hoped that future satellites could be designed to take advantage of 

this “free ride”, and make their fi nal transfer in far less time.

AFIT Investigates Zero-Fuel Disposal 

Options for Retired Spacecraft

Accurate representation of the performance characteristics of a new weapon 

system is essential, not only for analysis, but also for the successful training, 

evaluation, and planning by the WarFighter. AFIT’s Center for Directed Energy 

has partnered with the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Offi ce (HEL JTO) 

in the development of laser weapons’ performance models and simulations. 

The High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) is 

a cornerstone model that captures HEL performance over a wide variety of 

devices, wavelengths, and atmospheric conditions. A premier model that 

includes effects of turbulence, aerosols, and clouds, HELEEOS has been 

incorporated into many recognized JTO-performance and Air Force codes, 

such as Brawler. Working with the Center for Operational Analysis, HELEEOS 

is being slated for intergration with WarFighter-in-the-loop and EADSIM 

simulations.

CDE: A Leader in the

Modeling and Simulation of Laser 

Weapons

As lead on a collaborative Air Force sponsored research project ($300K annually) with 

the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) and Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), 

researchers in the Center for Operational Analysis are using multivariate statistical 

techniques such as Principal Component Analysis, Multivariate Trimming, and the Iterative 

RX method to detect anomalies in Hyperspectral (HS) images. The goal is to develop a 

HS target detection methodology that increases the probability of detection, minimizes 

false alarms, and reduces the need for user interaction and technical knowledge. Specifi c 

efforts include determining the most robust clustering algorithm for HS data, with or without 

outliers. Also, the suitability and effectiveness of variable reduction methods for HS data 

is being investigated in order to recommend appropriate feature extraction and selection 

techniques. Synthetic imagery is being used to create a family of hyperspectral images to 

provide insight into which scene conditions most infl uence the performance of the anomaly 

detectors. This research will also fuse AFIT anomaly detection results with PNNL results 

using contextual processing. 

Enhancing Hyperspectral Image 

Analysis

For more information

LtCol Nathan Titus 

(937)255-3636x7469 

nathan.titus@afi t.edu

For more information

Dr Salvatore Cusumano 

(937)255-3636x7924 

salvatore.cusumano@afi t.edu

For more information

Dr Kenneth Bauer 

(937)255-6565x4328 

kenneth.bauer@afi t.edu 12
Dr Mark Goltz Receives

Society of American Military Engineers 

Award

Dr Mark Goltz, Professor of Engineering 

and Environmental Management, was 

awarded The Society of American Military 

Engineers’ Regional Vice-President’s 

Medal; in recognition of his contributions to 

the Kittyhawk Post Education Committee.

Dr Jeff Kharoufeh Receives

Operations Research Award

Dr Jeff Kharoufeh, Associate Professor of 

Operations Research, has been awarded 

the Outstanding Young Member Award 

by the Cincinnati/Dayton Chapter of The 

Institute for Operations Research and 

the Management Sciences (INFORMS); 

this award recognizes outstanding 

contributions to operations research by an 

active member under the age of 35.

Dr Peter Torvik Honored

as Fellow by Ohio Academy of Science

Dr Peter Torvik, Professor Emeritus, has 

been named an honorary Fellow; fellows 

are those that have rendered some special 

service to the Ohio Academy of Science or 

have made extensive, productive scientifi c, 

technological contributions to society.

Dr Marlin Thomas

Receives 2006 Wellington Award

Dr Marlin U. Thomas, Dean of AFIT’s 

Graduate School of Engineering and 

Management, was recently selected by 

the Institute of Industrial Engineers as the 

winner of the 2006 Wellington Award; in 

recognition of his pioneering contributions 

in warranty planning and estimation of 

warranty cost.

Maj Daniel Holt

Awarded Bronze Star

Maj Daniel T. Holt, Assistant Professor of 

Management, was awarded the Bronze 

Star Medal for meritorious service while 

engaged in ground operations against the 

enemy at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar. While 

exposed to extreme danger from hostile 

activities and mortar attacks, Maj Holt 

managed $973M worth of construction 

at 15 bases in 12 countries across the 

Central Command’s Area of Responsibility.

Dr Anthony Palazotto

Elected Fellow of Two Societies

Dr Anthony N. Palazotto, Professor of 

Aerospace Engineering, was elected to 

be Fellow in two prestigious engineering 

societies: the American Academy of 

Mechanics (AAM) and the American 

Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 

(AIAA). AAM Fellows have made major 

contributions to the fi eld of Engineering 

Mechanics over an extended period of 

time; AIAA Fellows have made notable 

and valuable contributions to the art, 

sciences, or technology of aeronautics or 

astronautics.

Dr Theodore Nicholas Honored

with ASME’s Nadai Medal

Dr Theodore Nicholas, visiting Professor, 

is the recipient of the American Society 

of Mechanical Engineers’ (ASME’s) 

prestigious Nadai Medal. The medal was 

presented at ASME’s Annual Meeting, 

where Dr Nicholas presented the Nadai 

Award winning lecture, entitled “High 

Cycle Fatigue of Metals.”

AFIT Graduate

Michael W. Wynne Sworn in as SECAF

Michael W. Wynne was sworn in as 

the 21st secretary of the Air Force. As 

head of the Department of the Air Force, 

Secretary Wynne is responsible for its 

functioning and effi ciency, the formulation 

of its policies and programs, and the 

timely implementation of decisions and 

instructions of the president of the United 

States and the secretary of defense.

Drs Heil and Jacques Honored

with AIAA Associate Fellow Status

The American Institute of Aeronautics 

and Astronautics (AIAA) bestows the 

prestigious grade of Fellow upon Dr 

Michael L. Heil, Director, Center for 

Space Studies and Research, and Dr 

David R. Jacques, Chair of the Systems 

Engineering Program; in recognition for 

notable and valuable contributions to the 

arts, sciences, or technology areas of 

aeronautics or astronautics.

13
AFIT Bids Farewell to

Director of Academic Affairs, 

Former Dean

Dr. Robert A. Calico Jr. joined the 

AFIT family in June 1972, when he 

was hired as an assistant professor 

of aerospace engineering in the 

Graduate School of Engineering 

and Management. In July 1990, 

he was appointed Dean of the 

Graduate School, a position he 

held for nearly 16 years; in January 

2006, Dr Calico assumed the role 

of Director of Academic Affairs for 

AFIT, until his retirement on July 21, 

2006. Dr Calico’s tenure at AFIT was 

distinguished, a fact refl ected in his 

current status as Dean Emeritus and 

Professor Emeritus.

New Department Head

Dr Adedeji Badiru joined AFIT on 

October 2, 2006 as head of the 

Systems & Engineering Management 

Department. He was previously 

the department head of Industrial 

& Information Engineering at the 

University of Tennessee in Knoxville. 

He is a registered professional 

engineer, a fellow of the Institute of 

Industrial Engineers, a fellow of the 

Nigerian Academy of Engineering, 

and a member of several professional 

associations. His areas of 

expertise and courses taught cover 

mathematical modeling, project 

systems modeling, systems analysis, 

simulation, and economic analysis. 

He is the author of several technical 

papers and books; he is the editor of 

the Handbook of Industrial & Systems 

Engineering and series editor for 

CRC Press Series on Industrial 

Innovation.

Professor Won B. Roh

Dr Won B. Roh, Professor of 

Engineering Physics, received 

his Ph.D. in electrical engineering 

from the Ohio State University in 

1973 and joined the AFIT faculty 

in 1978. He taught and advised 

students in the areas of optics, 

lasers, nonlinear optics, and 

optical diagnostics. Dr Roh died 

on July 6, 2006, and will be greatly 

missed by all who knew him, 

particularly by his fellow faculty 

and former students.

Professor John J. D’Azzo

Following WWII and his honorable 

discharge from the military, Dr John 

J. D’Azzo took a position as an 

educator at the Air Force Institute of 

Technology. Dr D’Azzo’s expertise 

was in the areas of Control Theory 

and Aircraft Flight Control Systems, 

until his retirement in 1998. Dr D’Azzo 

died on September 30, 2006, and will 

be fondly remembered by faculty and 

students for his contributions at AFIT.

Dr Jeffrey Kharoufeh Beginning a 

Stellar Career at AFIT

In only fi ve years, Dr Jeff Kharoufeh 

has already impressed his peers. 

Since receiving his Ph.D. in 2001, 

he has published sixteen refereed 

journal articles, and is currently 

serving as an Associate Editor for 

Operations Research Letters and the 

IEEE Transactions on Reliability. In 

2006, he was the Air Force Offi ce 

of Scientifi c Research, Optimization 

and Discrete Mathematics division 

nominee for the Presidential Early 

Career Award for Scientists and 

Engineers (PECASE), the highest 

honor bestowed by the U.S. 

government on outstanding scientists 

and engineers beginning their 

independent research careers. This 

nomination followed his 2006, threeyear grant from AFOSR to develop 

queueing models for analyzing 

complex computer network systems 

suffering from unreliability, congestion 

and information processing delays. In 

2005, he was promoted to associate 

professor, and tenured in 2006 a 

full year early. Dr Kharoufeh has 

garnered several awards including the 

Outstanding Young Chapter Member 

Award by the Cincinnati/Dayton 

Chapter of INFORMS in 2006, and in 

2003, the Norton Teaching Excellence 

Award, the top teaching award in the 

Graduate School of Engineering and 

Management at AFIT.

14

In Memoriam ...
AFIT offers a Master’s Degree Program in 

Environmental Engineering and Science. The 

Graduate Environmental Engineering and Science 

(GES) program was developed at the request of, 

and in concert with, Air Force leaders representing 

the BioEnvironmental Engineering (BEE) career 

fi eld. The program provides military offi cers, 

noncommissioned offi cers, and civilian career 

professionals with relevant graduate education 

in the disciplines of environmental engineering 

and science (encompassing air, water, soil 

media) consistent with future duties across the 

spectrum of military environmental consulting 

and management duties. The core curriculum 

includes course offerings in statistics, chemistry, 

risk assessment, chemical fate and transport in 

the environment, physiology and toxicology, and 

environmental sampling, along with design classes 

in air, water, and solid waste pollution control. A 

recent addition to the program is Physiologic 

Effects of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) 

Agents. This course was developed to address 

the growing threat of use of these types of agents 

and the increasing responsibility placed on the 

BEE regarding preparation for and response 

and recovery following NBC agent use. The 

program complies with guidelines established 

by the Accreditation Board for Engineering 

and Technology and subject areas from the 

Professional Engineering Exam for Environmental 

Engineering.

The Graduate School of Engineering & 

Management is continually cognizant 

of its unique responsibility – the 

technical and management education 

of Air Force offi cers so they can fulfi ll 

their roles in serving their country to 

the greatest degree possible. 

For a complete program listing, 

please visit 

http://www.afi t.edu/en/ener/catalog.cfm 

For admissions information, 

please visit 

http://www.afi t.edu/en/Admissions/

Master’s Degree 

in Environmental 

Engineering and 

Science

15

For more information

Dr Mark Goltz 

(937)255-3636x4638

mark.goltz@afi t.edu
The Department of Systems and Engineering 

Management has launched a new Master of 

Science degree program in Industrial Hygiene. US 

civilian, US government, and allied government 

students entering this program will be actively 

engaged in studies and research in environment, 

safety, and occupational health (ESOH) as 

they apply to civilian industry, the Air Force and 

Department of Defense. The program coursework 

is structured on the classical industrial hygiene 

paradigm of “anticipation, recognition, evaluation, 

and control” of chemical (gas, vapor, liquid, 

aerosol), biological, and physical (noise, thermal, 

ergonomics, ionizing & non-ionizing radiation) 

health hazards to ensure occupational effi ciency 

and worker health and safety. Students will also 

study statistics, epidemiology, and environmental 

sciences to add breadth and understanding of 

workplace health operational risk management. 

Graduating students should be well-prepared 

to sit for professional certifi cation examinations 

and excel in ESOH jobs such as consultant, 

researcher, hazardous materials/weapons of 

mass destruction response advisor, and staff 

ESOH professional within government or private 

industry. Research thrusts include engineering 

noise control, exposure assessment, and industrial 

ventilation.

AFIT now offers a Professional Science Master’s 

(PSM) Degree Program in Combating Weapons 

of Mass Destruction through the Department of 

Engineering Physics. This PSM program provides 

an innovative and fl exible approach to achieving 

a level of profi ciency in an interdisciplinary subject 

of vital international interest and importance. 

This program is cohort-based and closely 

integrated with future employers to provide both 

a teamwork environment and a focused research 

path. Achieving the confl icting goals of breadth 

versus depth of knowledge in the broad area 

of combating weapons of mass destruction is 

met by students completing a core foundational 

curriculum in nuclear, chemical and biological 

weapons technologies along with fundamental 

statistical, modeling and risk analysis skills 

followed by a fl exible specialization in a specifi c 

area of expertise and research. Graduates of the 

program will be qualifi ed to fi ll a variety of scientifi c 

and engineering positions in the WMD arena, such 

as technical advisor, analyst, physical scientist, 

or program manager. Employment opportunities 

lie within the Department of Defense and the U.S. 

Government as well as select positions in the 

private sector. On-going research areas include 

nuclear detection technology, post-WMD attack 

analysis, radiation effects on electronics, and 

biological agent detection.

Master’s Degree 

in Combating 

Weapons of Mass 

Destruction

Master’s Degree 

in Industrial 

Hygiene

16

For more information

LTC David LaGraffe 

(937)255-3636x7308 

david.lagraffe@afi t.edu

For more information

Maj Jeremy Slagley

(937)255-3636x4511 

jeremy.slagley@afi t.edu
0

 1

 2

 3

 4

 5

 6

 7

Dollar Amount Awarded (Millions)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Fiscal Year

New Award History FY00-FY06

Education

Research

* DoD regulations limit AFIT’s charges to DoD organizations. Accounting for these nonchargeable items, the 

 cost of our research program at a comparable civilian university would have been approximately $15 million.

** All Center funds are also included in departmental funding

TOTAL 60 4,014,448 7 1,317,344 67 5,331,792

Center for Operational Analysis (COA) 13 655,310 - - 13 655,310

Center for MASINT Studies and Research (CMSR) - 3- 850,000 3 850,000

Center for Info Security Edu & Research (CISER) 9 915,658 2 401,469 11 1,317,127

Center for Directed Energy (CDE) 18 1,426,353 2 65,875 20 1,492,228

Advanced Navigation Technology Center (ANT) 20 1,017,127 - - 20 1,017,127

Research Center **

TOTAL 160 6,520,887 * 8 1,332,735 168 7,853,622

Aeronautical & Astronautical Eng (ENY) 55 960,827 1 15,391 56 976,218

Systems & Eng Management (ENV) 3 136,540 - - 3 136,540

Operations Sciences (ENS) 17 751,821 - - 17 751,821

Research & Sponsored Programs (ENR) 1 9,800 - - 1 9,800

Engineering Physics (ENP) 29 1,842,940 5 915,875 34 2,758,815

Electrical & Computer Eng (ENG) 49 2,716,614 2 401,469 51 3,118,083

Mathematics & Statistics (ENC) 6 102,345 - - 6 102,345

Department # Dollars # Dollars # Dollars

Research Education Total

New FY06 Awards to Academic Departments & Research Centers by Type

17
Other USAF

Tech Transfer

Other Fed Agences

Other DoD

NSA

NSF

NGA

AFRL Directorates

DE

HE

IF

ML

MN

PR

SN

VA

VS

AFOSR

Breakdown by AFRL Directorate

Sponsors of FY06 Funded Research

TOTAL 2,552,915 900,063 125,000 750,000 427,976 506,963 33,000 35,875 5,331,792

COA 337,310 275,000 - - - 10,000 33,000 - 655,310

CMSR - 100,000 - 750,000 - - - - 850,000

CISER 328,188 64,000 - - 427,976 496,963 - - 1,317,127

CDE 1,125,353 296,000 35,000 - - - - 35,875 1,492,228

ANT 762,064 165,063 90,000 - - - - - 1,017,127

Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars

Research

Center*

TOTAL 4,212,168 1,434,603 223,561 750,000 427,976 506,963 159,786 138,565 7,853,622

ENY 741,119 183,364 23,561 - - - - 28,174 976,218

ENV 111,540 - 25,000 - - - - - 136,540

ENS 376,424 330,550 - - - 10,000 33,000 1,847 751,821

ENR 9,800 - - - - - - - 9,800

ENP 1,305,940 532,000 45,000 750,000 - - 90,000 35,875 2,758,815

ENG 1,632,345 388,689 130,000 - 427,976 496,963 - 42,110 3,118,083

ENC 35,000 - - - - - 36,786 30,559 102,345

Dept. Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars

Total

NonFederalOther

NGA NSF NSA Federal

Other

DoD

Other

AFRL USAF

New FY06 Awards to Academic Departments & Research Centers by Sponsor

*All Center funds are also included in departmental funding 18
Department of Aeronautics and 

Astronautics

“Gouging Mitigation by Considering the Effects of 

Coatings, Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and 

Material Failure” 

$102,953 - Air Force Offi ce of Scientifi c Research 

(AFOSR) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Anthony N. Palazotto

Department of Electrical and Computer 

Engineering

Advanced Navigation Technology Center (ANT)

“Advanced Navigation Technology (ANT) Center & 

Laboratory Support per Appendix of the MOA between 

AFIT and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)” 

$152,122 - AFRL Sensors Directorate (AFRL/SN) 

Principal Investigator: Dr John F. Raquet

Center for Information Security Education and 

Research (CISER)

“Anti-Tamper Software Protection Initiative Education, 

Outreach, and Research (Scope and Budget Revision)” 

$257,188 - AFRL Sensors Directorate (AFRL/SN) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Richard A. Raines

“Development of a Federal Cyber Force at the Air 

Force Institute of Technology”

$358,855 - National Science Foundation (NSF) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Richard A. Raines

“Secure Communication in a Mobile Wireless Network 

Environment” 

$144,281 - National Security Agency (NSA) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Barry E. Mullins

“Tuition & Resource Support for the Air Force Institute 

of Technology (AFIT) Center for Information Security 

Education & Research” 

$342,682 - National Security Agency (NSA) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Richard A. Raines

Other

“Remote Sensing and Communications for 

Measurement and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT)” 

$100,000 - National Air Space Intelligence Center 

(NASIC) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Andrew J. Terzuoli, Jr

“RF Signal Intercept and Collection System (RFSICS)” 

$153,268 - Air Force Offi ce of Scientifi c Research 

(AFOSR) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Michael A. Temple

Air Force Institute of Technology 

Research-Large Awards* FY06

Department of Engineering Physics

Center for Directed Energy (CDE)

“Delivered Irradiance Assessment Tool (DIAT)” 

$191,000 - Directed Energy Test & Evaluation 

Capability (DETEC) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Salvatore J. Cusumano

“High Energy Laser Weapons: Modeling & Simulation 

Phase III: Apply Modeling & Simulation Capabilities to 

Weapon & Battlefi eld Effectiveness” 

$460,000 - High Energy Laser Joint Technology Offi ce 

(HELJTO) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Glen P. Perram 

Center for MASINT Studies and Research (CMSR)

“Advanced Geospatial Intelligence Education” 

$375,000 - National Geospatial Agency (NGA) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Ronald F. Tuttle 

“Advanced Geospatial Intelligence Education” 

$375,000 - National Geospatial Agency (NGA) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Ronald F. Tuttle 

“MASINT Academic Support” 

$100,000 - National Air Space Intelligence Center 

(NASIC) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Ronald F. Tuttle

Other

“Magnetic Properties of Cr- and Mn-implanted in GaN” 

$100,000 - Air Force Offi ce of Scientifi c Research 

(AFOSR) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Yung-Kee Yeo

Department of Operational Sciences

Center for Operational Analysis (COA)

“Classification and Fusion Based Methods for the 

Analysis of Hyperspectral and Polarimetric Imagery” 

$210,000 - Secretary of the Air Force (SAF) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Kenneth W. Bauer, Jr

“SNA Behavioral Modeling MOA” 

$110,000 - AFRL Human Effectiveness Directorate 

(AFRL/HE) 

Principal Investigator: Dr Richard F. Deckro

*Large Awards are those that earn $100,000 or more 

for a single proposal in the given fi scal year.

19
This Annual Report is published annually by the Air Force Institute of 

Technology (AFIT) Offi ce of Research and Sponsored Programs (ENR) 

at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. It shares information about the 

activities of the Graduate School of Engineering and Management at 

AFIT with the AF, the DoD, and the wider public. All pictures are USAF 

or AFIT photos unless otherwise identifi ed. The Department of Defense, 

other federal government, and non-government agencies supported the 

research reported herein, but have not reviewed or endorsed the contents 

of this brochure. AFITRP 65-3

Editorial Offi ces: Annual Report, AFIT/ENR, 2950 Hobson Way, WPAFB 

OH 45433-7765. Telephone (937) 255-3633 (DSN 785), fax (937) 255-

656-7139. E-mail: research@afi t.edu 

Offi cial Publication of the 

Air Force Institute of Technology

Commander, Air Education & 

 Training Command Gen. William Looney III Commander, 

Air University Lt. Gen. Stephen R. Lorenz

Commandant Brig. Gen. Paula G. Thornhill

Vice Commandant CAPT Richard P. Scudder, USN

Dean, Graduate School of 

 Engineering & Management Marlin U. Thomas, PhD

Dean for Research Heidi R. Ries, PhD

Public Affairs Offi cer Bill Hancock

Editor Jane F. White

Layout & Design Robert D. Memering

http://www.afi t.edu/de

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http://www.afi t.edu/cmsr http://www.afi t.edu/cssr

Sponsoring Thesis Topics

AFIT encourages input from your agency that aligns our research and student education to relevant areas to ensure the 

technological superiority and management expertise of the U.S. Air Force and the Department of Defense. Each topic 

submitted has a strong positive impact on AFIT’s ability to focus on research relevant to real-world requirements.

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For specifi c information regarding faculty and their research areas, Please visit

http://www.afi t.edu/YellowPages/default.cfm
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