CALCULATIONS FOB LINEAR CORRELATION 

Facility: Facility 0 Emission Unll: Boller 

Location: Anytown USA Test Dates: 11/1-11/4/02, tn-1/8/03 

PM CEMS J-PM ' ,.. .. , rlllATEI 

Run I x I y I (xrx-1" I (YrY-'f I (x,-x)(y,·( 

I 1 I 6.7

1 

3.1

1 

45.29

1 

13.65

1 

24 .• 

2 7.6 7.4 33.99 0.37 -3 .. 

3 I 7.81 2.11 31.701 22.041 21 

4 I 9.21 3.71 17.891 9.581 1: 

10.11 6.1 1 1 

11.11 2.81 5.4 1 ~ 9. 

121 4.91 2.0 1.591 

nAO• 

Y" 

!.936 

iA52 

;67 

8 

9 

18.21 8.3, 22.75 :.27 7.18 9.5. I _ .. . , 

13.7 4.5 0.07 ;,27 -0.62 6.9' 

10 14.61 8.21 1.37 

(Y'rY• 

0.027 

15.583 

!.152 

49 

74 

7.071 

1.156 

19.: - 1.97! 1.64

1 

7.4 I 

38.50 38.91 10.390 6. 

11 18.531 19.671 9.4151 2. 

!0.: ;,061 35.071 10.734 

14 I 20.21 1o.6l 45.831 14.481 25.761 10.6771 o.oos 

I 15 I 19.7 1.416 

1 

9.2

1 

39.31

1 

5.78

1 

1! 

16 5.2 2.4 67.73 19.32 36.17] 2.076] 0.105 

I 17 I 8.6

1 

4.8

1 

23.33

1 

3.98

1 

9.64

1 

4.026

1 

0.599 

18 14.1 6.2 0.45 0.35 -0.40 7.179 0.959 

19 I 14.51 71 1.141 0.041 0.221 7.4081 0.167 

20 I 17.31 8.61 14.981 3.261 6.991 9.01 41 0.111 

PS-11 Example 48-R 20 Runs 10-27 -04.xls Linear Cales 

Page 1 of 1 

10/29/2004 

VES009800 
RESULT$ OF LINEAR CORRELATION 

Facility: Facility D 

Location: Anytown USA 

Variable Equation 

n Number of data points = 

X x- = 1/n•(Sum of (x~) = 

S., S,. - Sum((x,-x-)"2) = 

y y- - 1/n'(Sum of (y,)) = 

s, S, = Sum((yr y-)"2) = 

s .. s.., = Sum((x,x-)(y,y-)): 

1:\, bo = y---b,x- -

b, b, = s.,f$., = 

s.. S.. = SQRT(11(n-2XSum(yh•J"2)) = 

y"',.. .. Y" at mean x value = 

~ ~ from table = 

Cl Cl- ·s.. ·saRT(1/n) = 

EL Emission Limit = 

Cl% Cl% =CI/EL' 100% = 

n· n'= n = 

v, v1 from table = 

u. U.• from table = 

kr ~ = Un'\lr = 

Tl Tl = ~<,•s, = 

Tl% Tl% = TIIEL' 100% = 

s, Sy = SQRT(s,t(n-1)) = ,. r' = 1-(S.. •215y •2) = 

r r- SORT((1.SL •215y•2))-

. IndiCates conetation coelfident is undefined . 

P$-11 Example 48-R 20 Runs 10-27-04.xls 

Value 

20 

13.43 

472 

6.80 

205 

270.5 

-0.905 

0.573 

1.673 

6.795 

2.101 

0.766 

18.5 

4.25% 

20 

1.384 

1.177 

1.629 

2.726 

14.7% 

3.289 

0.741 

0.661 

Emission Unit Boiler 

Test Dates: 11/1·1114102, 117-118103 

!Correlation equation: y = -0.90S + 0.573 xI 

--······-· -· ··- •-••-- -·n- •~ •-• •- • • 

CriteriOn Actual Allowable Acceptable? 

Correlation coefficient 0.861 <:, 0.85 yes 

Confidence interval 4.25% !: 10% yes 

Tolerance interval 14.7% !',25% yes 

• Indicates correlation coefficient is undefined. 

Pl.ot of Une.ar Regr•••'on Uno 

1' ·r-----------..,----, ! ~ 1 y: 0 .573:1< . 0.90S •• 1 

i 8 • & 6 

u 4 

l 2 

0~-- ----~--~--------~ 0 .0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 

PM CEMS Response 

PS.11 Ccnelation Test 

ColQAolion Sp-eadsheet 

V-2~ 1005104 

Linear Summary Linear Summary 

VES00980l 
Facility: F-acUity D 

Loeotlon: Anytown USA 

I PM CEMS I PM ~-·- n•­

mQ/aan 

CALCULATIONS FOB POLYNQMIAL COBBELAT!QII 

Emlaaton Untt BoiJer 

Tosl Oates: 11/1·11/4102. 117-1/8103 

I"' A I 1"'111 A Ten 

Roo x i' o/ Ct 

, 6.7 3.1 45 301 015 " ..... - .. ... .. . ..... . .. _ ... ...... ,.. ....... ... .... ... 

92 i4 

10." I I U . .(lt:J I 0.0937 1 •.• 1.000 1 10.4061 62 1 6221 •.474 2.643 o.oon A· 

1' 4.870 4.310 0.1090 

291 0.1!13 0.1 197 

9 ~.,. • t:: f D l't. n n a " ,..,... , ......... .... ..... ~ ........ ' ·V"I' 

71 35 8 62 845 6.214 2.937 0. 1259 5.27 1.19 

I V 14.0 0 ,4: 4: 1.,) ,), 112 45_437 120 1,748 6,776 2.029 0,1195 1.97 1.16 

11 19.7 13 386 7645 150614 256 5045 10.919 4.329 0.1725 38.50 1.40 

12 18 11.1 32• 5632 104.976 200 3596 9357 3.039 o.0947 18.•• ·A· 

13 20.3 11.9 412 6.365 169.818 242 4 904 11 .514 0 ... 9 02351 26.0 

14 20.2 10.6 "08 6.242 16e.497 2,. 4.325 1U13 0.662 0.2230 11.• 

•• ·-· -- -·· 7Jl45 150.614 181 3.570 10.919 2.956 0.1725 s.;_ 

141 731 12 65 3.413 1.027 0.4433 19.32 •. 

11 o.o .o , .. 636 5 470 41 355 J.ggo 0.657 O.Cl996 3.98 

18 14.1 6.2 199 2.803 39 525 87 1.233 6.457 0.066 0. 1238 0.35 1.10 

19 14.5 7 210 3.049 44,211e 102 1,472 6.711 0.084 0.1205 0.04 1." 

20 17.3 8.6 299 5,176 69 575 149 2.574 6.76e 0.026 0.0903 3.26 1.11 

PS-11 Exdmple 45-R 20 Runs 1().27-64.><1$ Polynomial ca1cs 

Page 1 of 1 

1012912004 

VES009802 
RC.SlJLD Of P9bJtf9MlAL GQBBft.ADOH 

Feciii'Y: F•cltlty 0 

Locntlon: Anytown USA 

EnWulon Uf\'t: BoMer 

Tnt Ootn: 111'1·1114102 . , 117•1/fU03 

ver- Eowtion Value I leon-etatlon &9uaUon: v • 3.935 • ·0.83 a • 0.03137 x1 I 

~ 

-"'. 

., 

::, 

c 

::, 

s 1 = St.nn {ad) • 

~ 

3. ~ ~ m1l 

ss 

4•: 

= s.m ()t) ·I -"'"' . so; • su.n <>~Y~ •I 2Jl961 

ST• Sum ()IQyl) i 36. 101 

del A .c. n 2 4· 2S2•StS3S2~S2 S3-S4 1 1 • 5.8G&f>t07 

"0 • (S5S2$4-..S tS3S7~S2SOS3 S7S2S2·S3S3SS-S4S6S1Ydat A a 3.935 

b I = (nS6S4 .... S5SSS2•S2S1S7..s2S6S2-S7SJn..S4S1SSYde4 A • .0.263 

b2 • ('!$2S7.-S S6S21S~183·S2SZSS.SJ.S:6no$7S Ydec A • 0.03137 

S.,• : 

0• 

C1 • {SSS2..S1S4)10 • 

•~1 

-~- 3.705 

~ 

2_12'1£>02 

I ... I C4 . (5 152-1\53)'0 .I ·3.ee?E-43 

:. ~ :-' (nS2:St ~ ~ _ 1 375E-04 

Cl •lj'"S11 

v, 

"• 

•• 

~ Sy• ~ 

r 

rtomr..bte •l 2.110 

Vt ftQfl"' &abl, 

U..· frotJ'I '"bl' 

kl •w.''\tf• 

,> 

1,: 

'.... 1673 

l4 

8.10 

x.. ....... j I v • ~12b, ·I 4.20 

I t.26>.,.. I I 2G.38! 

• lndict'ta tomlla1.iM. C:O~IOnl i$ vndclhtod. 

PS-11 EQmO!e•Ul-R 20 Runs t().-21~.Jds Mrr_,* Surrmary 

Summary of ~on Crk..V for PS.t 1 

c.oerm -. .. ...... _ --? ""'-- 0..87$ ~ .... ,.. eon-....- 547% ;! 1~ ,.. TOiefa~oe ~nav• 1.C 4 % ;!25'111> ,.. lndic3tel ootreltdon coe!lc:len1 il; undefned. 

Chedt for Correltltlon Cur'Ve MlnlmurniMa:ll:imum 

Correlation curve mln m~.m polnl 4 20 

MinimJm a!IO'wllblc • WI~ 5.2 

ls correle~ (IJIV6 mlniiT'UTI < ri'limum X vafut? ........ COn'ela(ion curw rna:xiiT'UTI I NA 

Extraoolalion li!Nt for JC ( 125% of ~m JC. \'ah.i$1 NA 

II <::OI'T'ett'DOn CU"V• mea:hlurn > ottrei)Oia'W:ln iim!? NA 

Ptoc of Polynomial Re-gression Cutve 

.. c 12 

8 10 

~ 8 

y • 0.0314xJ ·0263•b. • 3.9349 

• 

• 

I • 

8 • -~~ -;;-----; l 2 

0 

0.0 

• • 

•• 10.0 1$.0 

P'N EMSR~ 

20.0 2$.0 

P&-II CIIntltltorlf"" 

CIIWillon lfltuiKIWMwl 

Vi!'ltloll VI t012M:i4 

1111t21XJ4 

VES009803 
CALCULAJ!ONS FOR LOGARITHMIC CORRELATION 

Facility: Facility D 

Location: Anytown USA 

Emission Unit: Boiler 

Test Dates: 1111-11/4/02, 117·118103 

Run 

-1-

2 

3 

4 

PMCEMS1 PM ' f"'.6.1 1"":1 11 ATEO ~TA"'" ~TII"'At r"'IAO . 

x I x' = In (x) I y I (x,-x')' I (y,-y'")' (x'rx''"](YrY ~ y• I (y",.y,)' 

6.7 1.902 3.1 0.3S5 13.653 2.292 2.717 0.1461 

7.6 2.028 7A 0.244 0.366 -l>.299 3.546 14.854 

7.8 2.054 2.1 0.219 22.043 2.198 3.717 2.614 

9.21 2.2191 3.71 0.0921 9.5791 0.9381 4.8021 1.214 

10.11-- ---z::l13l - - s:1r o.O«I - 0.4831- o.146l 5.4161 o.4ss 

11.1 1 2.4071 2.81 0.0131 15.9601 0.4611 6.0361 10.473 

12T-- ~485 - 4_gr- 0.0011 3.5911 o.ot11 6.5491 2.718 

" 18.2 2.901 8.3 0.144 2.265 0.570 9.287 0.974 

9 13.7 2.617 4.5 0.009 5.267 -0.218 7.420 8.525 

10 14.6 2.681 8.2 0.025 1.974 0.223 7.836 0.131 

11 19.7 2.981 13 0.210 36.502 2.844 9.808 10.190 

12 18 2.89_0 _11.1 _ 0.135 - 18.533 -- 1.584 ~~.. • ... 

13 20.3 3.011 26.061 

J 4 20.2 3.006 -- 14 76~-..:.:::::~ 

5 19.7 2.981 9.2 0.210 5.764 1.11 

I 16 5.2 1.649 2.4 0.763 19.316 3.84v 1.v;, • l.O<V 

'7 8.6 2.152 4.8 0.137 3.980 0.739 4.359 0.195 

8 14.1 2.646 6.2 0.015 0.354 -l>.074 7.609 1.985 

9 14.5 2.674 7 0.023 0.042 0.031 7.793 0.629 

1 ..:0 17.3 2.851 8.6 0.108 3.258 0.593 6.954 0.125 

I 

PS-11 Example 4B-R 20 Runs 10.27-l>4.xls Logarithmic Cales 

Page 1 of 1 

10/29/2004 

VES009804 
RESULTS OF LOGARITHMIC CORRELATION 

Facility: Facility 0 

Location: Anytown USA 

Variable Equation 

n Number of data pOints = 

,:· ,:-= 1/n'(Sum of (,: J) = 

s.'X. s,,. = Sum((x'rx'-)-'2) = 

y y- = 1/n'(Sum of (y~) = 

s,. S,. = Sum((yry-JA2) = 

s,. s..,. = Sum((X'1·x'-)(yry-)) = 

bo bo - y--b,x'- = 

b, b, " 5,r./S.y a 

s.. S.. = SQRT(1/(n-2)(Sum(y,A-y1)"'2)) = 

Y"m,.... y• at mean x value = 

~ ~ from table = 

Cl Ct = ~'S..'SORT(1/n) = 

EL Emission Limit = 

Cl% Cl% =CI/EL '1 00% = 

n' n• = n = 

v, v, from table = 

u •. u. from table = 

kr kc - Uo'''Vo: 

Tl !l = kc' SL -

Tl% Tl% = !l/EL' 100% = 

Sy 51 = SQRT(5,.,J(n-1)) = 

r• i'- m 1-(5L '215,"2) = 

r r = 5QRT((1·5L '215,.'2)) = . Indicates CO<Telatlon coefficient is undefined . 

PS.1 1 Eltample 48-R 2<l Runt 10.27.Q4,XIo 

Value 

20 

2.52 

3.25 

6.8 

205 

21.4 

·9.788 

6.574 

1.900 

6.795 

2.101 

0.893 

18.5 

4.82% 

20 

1.384 

un 

1.629 

3.09 

16.7% 

3.289 

0.666 

0.816 

Emission Unit: Boiler 

Test Dales: 1111·11/4102, 117·1/8/03 

!Correlation equation: y = -9.788 + 6.574 Ln(x) I 

_ ............. -· "'"'_... _,,._ ""'' ...... ,_ ........ --.. Cr"erion Actual Allowable Acceptable? 

Correlation coefficient 0.816 >0.85 no 

Confidence interval 4.82% 10% yes 

Tolerance interval 16.7% < 25% yes 

-Indicates correlation coefficient is undefined. 

P6ot of Logarithmic Regrosslon Curvo 

.• • ; I g 12 ~ y = 6.5743l.ti(•J. 9.7878 -,.. 'g 10 i : 

u 4 

~ 2 ... 0 

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 

PM CEMS Response 

20.0 25.0 

PS·1 1 Cor~tion Test 

Ca\cull:iiUon Spreadsheet 

Verolon 2-6 10125/o. 

Log•rithlric SUmm01Y ~ 

VE$009805 
Facility: Facility D 

Location: Anytown USA 

PMCEMS 

Run X 

CALCULATIONS FOR EXPONENllAL CORRELATION 

PM concentratiOn 

mg!aan 

Tr 

Emission Unit: Boller 

Test Dates: 11/1-11/4102, 1/7-118/03 

rAr rr ".A TED STI~ STICAI,_PARAMETERS 

I y= Ln(y) I (x,-x"f I ('lrY'i' I (x,-x"X'I.-Yl I y• 1 IY'\"Yrr 

3.1 j -- 1.1_31[ 45.291 0.4291 4.4091 1.1571 0.001 

7.41 2.0011 33.991 0.0461 -1 .2531 1.2411 0.578 

_2.11 - 0.7_'121 31.701 1.0911 5.8811 1.2601 0.268 

3.71 1.3081 17.891 0.2291 2.0231 1.3911 0.007 

5 I 10.11 6.1, 1.8081 11.091 0.000, ·MI3l !-4751 0.111 

6 I 11.11 2.81 1.030 5.43 0.573 1.763 •. .,91 u.~ 

'7 '"'21 A n 4 .589 2.04 0.039 0.282 " ~~,., "'' 

I u I • u . .ll v,.ll 2.116 22.75 0.109 1.573 <·<'-'.II u., 

n ,..., "7 " ~ ~ ____ 0,01 ___ Q,O:f:K) _ __ -Q n-."" " " """" """ 

•v ' " ·" u.c 2.104 1.37 0.101 0.372 1.896 0.043 

11 19.7 13 2.565 39.31 0.606 4.881 2.373 0.03< 

12 18 11.1 2.407 20.88 0.385 2.836 2.214 0.037 

13 20.3 11.9 2.477 47.20 0.476 4.741 2.429 0.002 

I .. ~ ~ 10.6 2.361 45.83 0.330 3.889 2.420 0.003 

9.2 2.219 39.31 0.187 2.713 2.373 0.024 

2.41 0.8751 67.731 0.8301 7.4981 1.0111 0.020 I 

4.81 1.5691 23.331 0.0471 1.0521 1.3351 -0.0551 

6.2 1.825 0.45 0.001 0.026 1.849 0.001 

19 1.0251 0.1711 1.8871 0.004 

20 8.61 2.1521 14.981 0.1331 1.4141 2.1481 o.ooo I 

P5-11 Example 48-R 20 Runs 10-27 -04.xls Exponential Cales 

Page 1 of 1 

10/29/2004 

VES009806 
RESULTS Of EXPONENDAL COBBELATION 

Facll~y: Foc:lllty 0 

Location: Anytown USA 

V!!!!_ble 

n ~ 

X 

Sn 

T 

s,.,. 

s,. 

.... 

... 

o, 

~ 

y'AmNII 

.L 

SL =! 

;t• 

ua: 

:I 

..!:!.... v, 

...!!!... 

k, 

Tl' 

L1 

r 

PS-11 ll~ 48-ft 20 Runs 10.27.()4 Jill 

Equalion V•tue 

'polntax- ~ 1/n'(Som ol (x ) = ____32 

13.43 

S.,. • m((~ "")"2) = 

y'-= 1/n"(Sum of (y'

1)) • 

S,.,. = Sum((fd'-)•2) = 

471.8 

1.786 

5.72 

5,: • Sum(("rX-)(y'r'J'-)) • 

bt' e f-b,)c-- c 

4-4.12 

0.531 

~>,• ..... ·= 

b, = S,..IS ... 

1.700 

0.094 

0.298 

Y" at mean x valuo = 1.786 

11 from tablo a 2.101 

cr = ~·st SORT!tlnl = o.1JilB 

• I •. 647

ua.· • y•' + cr 1.926 1 

0.837 

18.5 

4.52% 

n' • n • 20 

v, rrom table • 1.384 

t~n- from tebto • 1, 171 

k1 • u,tv1 = 1.629 

Tl' = k,'Sl•l 0.485 

LTL" • ,-· • Tl' l 1.302 un•wy-r .. . 

n = !o"UR' -1"1. n: il .. l007 

5.3% 

S,.= : 0.549 

~ 

r = ~ 

OS • 

)= 

>·I o.706 

> •I o.s40 

Emission Un1t: Boflef 

Test Dotos: 1111·1tW02.1n-1111103 

I correlation equation: y = 1.700 e ._.,.. • I 

........ _... ........ ,_,.,. .. _, ........ ·-· . .,-.. Qltetlon Actual Attowablo Acceptal>le? I 

Cotrelalion ooeffitianl 0.640 !. 0.8.5 no 

Confidence ill$rVal 4.52% ! 10% yes 

T olefance intetvaJ 16.3% ~25% --

• Indicates -Uon ooetfc:ient is undefined. 

Pfot of E~ntla£ Rl'gression Curve 

••r---------------------------------~ 

12 

& 10 

1i 

" r . l • 

2 

• 7eo.~ • 

• 

• 

-·L-------------------~------------~ 0.0 ••• 

Eq)af!~t8 8u!m'IEiry 

tO.O , ... 20.0 

MCBIS ~ 

PS.-1 1 Corrftncn T till 

CIICculaiiM Sc>ttt~dl!tleat 

V. ~bn 2•8 ll)l<!tllt)t 

25.0 

_j 

I 

I 

lll'281201M 

VES009807 
Facility: Facility D 

Location: Anytow n USA 

Run 

1 

PM CEMS1 

X 

6.7 

-7.1 

T. 

CALCULATIONS FOR POWER CORRELATION 

Emission Unit: Boiler 

Test Oat"': 11/1-11/4/02, 1n·1/8/03 

PM I 

CALCULATED STATISTICAL PARAMETERS 

x' = Ln(x) I y I y' = Ln(y) I (x'rn 2 I (y'rY'"'i' I (x',x'")(y'r'Y'") I y'' 1 \Yi'' Y;I" 

~ 3.11 1.131 1 0.3851 0.4291 0.4061 1.1001 0.0010 

~ ~ 

7.4 2.001 -0.106 0.5802 

2.1 0.742 0.489 - ----

.301ll_ 0.0921 02291 0.1451 1.4511 0.0204 

131 6.11 1.806 0.044 0.000 -0.005 1.554 0.0&45 

[_ " 11. 11 ~.407 1 2.81 1.030 0.013 0.573 0.087 1.659 0.3959 1 

- ·- 4851 4.91 1.589 0.001 0.039 0.007 1.745 - --·· 

11 !.901( 8.3( 2.116( 0.144( 0.109( 0.1251 2.206( Q._0080 

2.611 4.5 1.504 o.oo9 0.080 -0.027 1.892 o.1s02 I 

1 ov .~ l 2.681 8.2 2.104 0.025 0.101 0.050 1.962 0.0202 I 

l 11 19.71 2.981 13 2.565 0.210 0.606 0.357 2.293 0.0737 I 

· - · - 2.890 11.1 2.407 0.135 0.385 0.228 2.194 0.0455 

!381 0.4761 . o.337T-2.3~ o.o:zt 

10.61 2.3611 0.2341 0.3301 0.2781 2.3211 0.0011 

10 0.187 0.198 2.293 0.005 

.7631 0.6301 0.7961 8~01 o.oo; 

2.1521 4.81 - 1.5691--0.1371 --6:-0471 - 0.0811 - 1.3771 0.031 

18 I 14.11 2.6461 6.21 1.8251 0.0151 0.0011 0.0051 1.9231 o. DO! 

19 I 14.5

1 

2.674

1 

7l 1.946! o.023I 0.02sl o.024I 1.954

1 

o.ooo . I _ _:::20::... 17.3 2 851 8.6 2.152 0.108 0.133 0.120 2.150 0.0000 

P$-11 Example 48-R 20 Runs 10-27-04.xls Power Cales 

Page 1 of 1 

1012912004 

VES009808 
RESULTS Of PQWER COBBE,LATIQN 

Faclllty: Facility 0 

LocatJon: Anytown USA 

V!!!!!>fe 

n 

7 

S.v 

7 

.1n:.. 

S.v 

b, 

s 

'(". 

So. =: 

v20 

2.522 

s,., = Sum((x',.x'•)"2) = 3.261 

'{·• 1/n'(S••nof(y!l)• 1.786 

Syy• SUm((y'rf•)'2) . 5.72 

Syy = Som((X'r x'· )(l"d·ll = 3.861 

bo' • )"-b1x- =I · 1.00'1] 

: = 0.367 

b,. S.tS..··I 1.wa: 

) = 0.311 

f• aurMJ~n x Wiue- • I 1.i8G. 

~ 1n>m table =I 2.101 1 

Cl = t,'SL 'SORT( l in) = 

UCL' • v-·• ( 

Ct = (e"UCL' • ---)I! 

CL EtrUsklo Urrit = 10..:) 

~ CI% =CIIEI.'IOO% = 4,7311. 

n' n'•n = 20 

.,., v, trom table= 1.384 

~ I -table ·1 1.177· kr k, • u_.·v, • t.6-29, 

TT I Tf' = k,S. ., O.M7 

[ fi' I LTL' .-.... • Tf' 1.280 

( 

r 

111$·11 E,~.c&fl20Rllne 10.27-<».t!S 

S,•: 

r'• 

r = ~ 

un· .. ..,.... • Tl" 2.293 

VTI.' • e'LTL' 3, 164 

= 'ri1EI: 100% = 17. 

I))• 0Sol9 

)• 0.679 

} • 0.824 

Eminion UnU: Boile.-

T .. t Datos: 1111·11/4102. ln-t/8103 

corre~n equation-: - y • 0.3665 x ..,.., ] 

...... _ ........ _ ................ ..... ·-"'' . --.. Criterion """'"' Allowable Aooeptabfn? 

Correlation coefficlen4 0.824 ::.o.ss no 

Conndenc.e itrtef\181 4.73% ~10% yes 

TOIO!anteimM'al 17.0ll. ~25% yes . lndlcateo OO<r8ation _, io undo-. 

Plot of Power Function Regru.slon C..V. 

•• r------------------------------------, 

12 . 

c ro 

1 : Y = 3665x OQ 

• 

• 

• • 

i! • 

2 

·~~~~ • 

00 so 10.0 15.0 200 2S O 

CEMSR~ 

Power &lmrrltrr 

$.11 Coffelalion 1$$1, 

jcol..., .. s ... - ,.,._ 

·-

VES009809 
SELECTION OF BEST MODEL 

Facility; Emlooion Unit: Boiler 

Location; 

Facility o 

Anytown USA lost Dates; 1111·1114102, 117·118103 

Model CO<Telation ?. 0.85 ? Confidence lmerval ~ 10%? Tolerance lntetV&IIIaH 

coefficient (a) half range percentage range percentage 

Linear 0.861 Yes 4.25% Yes 14.7% 

Polvnomial 0.875 Yes 5.47% Yes 14.4% 

Loaarithmlc 0.816 No 4.82% Yes 16.7% 

Hal 0.840 No 4.52% Yes 16.3% 

Powet 0.824 No 4.73% Yes 17.0% 

(a) • indicates conelation coefficient is undellned; model does not satisfy criterion. 

(b) Not applicable: criterion applies only to polynomial model. 

PS-11 COn'eiMIOn ToM 

ak:ulation Sproaclshee\ 

ersion 2-6 1~ 

PS·11 Example 4B·R 20 Runs 10.27-<l4.xls Best Modal 

~25% ? Minimax within Does model meet all 

allowable range? aite<la? 

Yes (b) Yes 

Yes Yes Yes 

Yes b No 

Yes b No 

Yes b No 

Bat model; Polynomial 

10/2912004 

VES009810 
Appendix A.6 

Complete Results of Example No.4 -

With Run 2 Excluded 

VES009811 
CORRELATION TEST PM CEMS AND REFERENCE METHOD TEST DATA 

PMCEMS PM concenltalion 

t&!<llOnse ma/acm 

Run X v 

1 6.7 3.1 

3 7.8 2.1 

4 9.2 3.7 

5 10.1 6.1 

6 11.1 28 

7 12.0 4.9 

8 18.2 8.3 

9 13.7 4.5 

10 14.6 8.2 

11 19.7 13 

12 18.0 11.1 

13 20.3 11.9 

14 20.2 10.6 

15 19.7 9.2 

16 5.2 2.4 

17 8.6 4.8 

18 14.1 6.2 

19 14.5 7 

20 17.3 8.6 

PS.11 Example 4C-R 19 Runs 10-27-04.xls 

Facility: 

location: 

Emlulon Unit: 

Test Dates: 

Emission l imit: 

14 

12 

c 10 .!l 

f 

c: 8 

• " c 

0 

0 

6 . 

:IE 

.. 4 · 

2 

0 

0.0 

Test Data 

Facility 0 

Anytown USA 

Boiler 

1111·11/4102, 117-118103 

Value 

18.5 

• • 

5.0 

• 

• 

Unite 

mg/acm 

• 

• 

• • 

10.0 

• 

• • 

• 

15.0 

PM CEMS Response 

• 

•• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

20.0 25.0 

Page 1 of 1 

10/29/2004 

VES009!!12 
Facility: Facility D 

Location: Anytown USA 

Run 

1 

PMCEMS I PM 

X 

6.7 

7:ii 

CALCULATIONS FOR UNEAB CORRELATION 

Emission Unit: Boiler 

Tut Dates: 11/1-11/4f02. 117-1/8103 

CALCULATED STA' 

y (x,x ")2 I (Yrn

2 I (x.r x "l<YrY · ) I Y' I <Y'rYi 

3.1 13.42 25.78 0.581 

2.1 21.75 27.68 0.864 

1.71 20.581 - 9.38r - 13.9w= - 3.91F 0.04n 

13.2_3 0.44 2.41 4.476 2.638 

2.81 6.951 15.71 1 10.451 5.1051 5.312 

' 12 3.47 3.24 0.594 

• 18.2 2.36 6.86 1.61? ----

9 13.7 4.5' 0.00- -----s-.12 0.08 6.740 5.011 

10 14.6 8.2 0.75 2.06 1.24 7.306 0.799 I 

11 19.7 13 35.56 38.90 37.19 10.513 6.183 I 

12 18 11.1 18.17 18.81 18.49 9.444 2.741 

1 13 20.3 11.9 43.08 26.39 33.71 10.891 1.019 1 

I • • M ~ 10.6 41.77 14.72 24.80 10.828 0.052 I 

·~.fl 9.21 35.561 5.941 14.531 10.5131 1.725 

1 I 19.04

1 

37.25

1 

1.394

1 

1.011 

4.8 26.39 3.85 10.08 3.533 1.606 

•u ·~·· 0.32 ..0.20 u.ou .,., '"• ~ "" 1'\ .C:D 0.06 0,18 0.059 

8.61 12.701 3.371 6.541 9.0041 0.163 

P$-11 Example 4C-R 19 Runs 10-27-04.xls Unear Calcs 

Page 1 of1 

10/2912004 

VES009813 
Facility: Facility D 

location: Anytown USA 

PS-11 Example 4C·R 19 Runs 10·27-04.xls 

RESULTS OF LINEAR CORRELATION 

Emission Unit: Boiler 

Test Dates: 11/1·11/4/02, 1/7-1/8103 

[torretatlOii ii9Uilti0il: - - - y ~ -1.876 + o.s29X 1 

""uonno .. o ""' ""'"-- ...... ~ .... rlteria for PS .. Critenon Actual AllOwable Acceptable? 

CorrelaUon coefficient 0.912 85 yes 

Confidence inle!V31 3.63% 5,10% yes 

To~rance interval 12.4% 5,25% yes 

• Indicates correlation coeffid ent is undefined. 

14 

g 12 j ~ 10 

i a u 

< 8 0 

<.) 4 

"' 2 .. 0 

0.0 

Plot of Lh'lear Ragteaslon LJna 

• • y • 0.6289x • U75g 

5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 

PM CEMS Response 

P5-11 Conlle110f1 Tlffil 

Cab.llalion Spreadsheel 

~.._. u 1~ 

Linear Summary Linear Summary 

VES0098 14 
Fac.iJity; Facility 0 

Loeadon: Anytown USA 

PMCEMS PM COf1Cefltrallon 

resoan"' mnlac;m 

Run X v 

1 8.7 3.1 

3 7.8 2.1 

4 9.2 3.7 

5 10.1 6.1 

6 '1. 1 2.8 

1 12 4.9 

8 18.2 8 .3 

9 13.7 4.5 

10 14.6 8.2 

1 1 19.7 13 

12 18 11.1 

13 20.3 11.9 

14 20.2 10.6 

15 19.7 9.2 

16 5.2 2.4 

17 8.6 4.8 

16 14.1 6.2 

19 14.5 1 

20 17.3 8.8 

PS. 11 Example 4C.R 19 Runs 1().27-04.><!5 

CALCULADONS FOR POLY!!OI!!IAL CORRELATION 

EmtsaJon Unit: Beiler 

Tott Dales: 1111-111410:!, 117-118103 

CALCULATED STATISTICAL PARAMETERS 

x' x' " XV >lv v" lv"-vl' 

45 301 2.015 21 139 2.1l08 0.038 

61 470 3.702 16 126 3.246 1.313 

85 n9 7 164 34 313 3.770 0005 

102 1 030 10406 62 622 4 161 3.761 

123 1,368 15 181 31 345 4.644 3.400 

144 1728 20.736 59 706 5.123 0 .050 

331 6 029 109.720 151 2 749 ~9 1.610 

168 2571 35.228 62 845 8.\44 2.702 

213 3,112 45.437 120 1.748 6.745 2.118 

388 7 645 150614 256 5045 10.944 4.227 

324 5832 104978 200 3596 9.394 2.910 

.,2 8.365 169.818 242 4904 11.527 0.139 

406 8 242 166.497 214 4,325 1 1.426 0.666 

388 7.645 150.614 181 3.570 10 944 3.042 

27 141 731 12 65 2.543 0.020 

74 636 5.470 41 355 3.533 1.606 

199 2,603 39525 67 1 233 6.406 0.042 

210 3,049 44.206 102 1472 6.676 0.105 

299 5178 89,575 149 2.514 8.800 0.040 

Pot)'lomlal C<llcs 

della lvl...,..i' 

0.2329 13.42 

0, 1432 21.75 

01039 9.38 

0.1035 0.44 

0.1125 15.71 

0.1215 3.47 

0.0983 2.36 

0.1262 5.12 

0. 1195 2.06 

0.1725 38.90 

0.0948 18.81 

0.2351 26.39 

0.2230 14.72 

0.1725 5.94 

0.4924 1904 

0.1131 3.85 

0.1239 0.32 

0.1205 0.06 

0.0904 3.37 

Cl 

1.35 

1.00 

0.90 

0.90 

0.94 

0.97 

0.88 

0.90 

0.97 

1.16 

0.88 

1.36 

1.32 

1.16 

1.96 

0.94 

0.96 

O.Y'I 

0.84 

Page 1 of1 

1012912004 

VES009815 
AE,SUlJ$ QE f:OI.!NOMIAL CORREbADON 

F-ly: Faelfly D 

location: Myt.own USA 

EmiUfon Unit: Boiler 

Test Datu: Hl1o11f4102. 117·111103 

v~ .Y!' ~ 19 

lcorrelatlan !Qu...tion: y • 2.18i • ·OM7 a • 0.02586 x1 I 

s. 

--.;-

5, 

s. 

s:-

_ ... 

• 

~ 

St •Sum(l!C5) = 

S2. ~ 

-sr;; 

S4 •l 

S5 • &.wn (yQ • ""'So.' -

261 

4,o-21 

~ 

1.17.!,!!1 

129 

$7 • Sum (Jii2YI) • .,..,, ~ 

dol A • nS284·S2S7. 2•S1S3S2- · 3n..s281S3-.: . $ 15 1 = $ 9i5E+07 

'-0 • (SS$2S4•S1S3S7•$286S3-S7$2S2 S3S3S$-S4$6SI)fdat A • " ....... 

bl • Cn66SA• SSS3S2 .. $2S1S7-S'2S6S2·S7S3n-S4S185)fdeol: A . 

b2 • (nS2S7..S1S5S2•S5S153-S2S2S6-SJS6n..S7S1S1Wd A~ 

.o.ll67 

0.029.16 

s.•: 

0' 

L3t8 

•82 $ 1S3-S22 a 5 J,45E:ril7 

co • )I'D • 3.902 I .... I C1 : ($3$2-$154)'0. I -0.61 

- c:z • (S 1 SJ..SZZ;o • 

c 

v, 

... 

., 

s;-

.. 

, 

r 

25~ 

P$-11 EX(tti'CIIe 4c.R 19 RuM. IC).27.Q4,xl$ 

Sy•• 

1.024E• 

C4 = : -:mae: 

~ .... -·1 2.1201 

Cl •tt S11 "tqrt(dett3 1'1 ) • 

1%• la~ l 

•• him 18ble .. 

~J,~ffomla'* -,,gs 

~a· 

? • ~ 

,. : 

I = un""-A• 1.694 

"""i':233 

"12: r,, •

1 

s 

1·1)• 3: 

~>07 

, 

0.641 

0.921 

1.29 

25.38 

~Sumn11ry 

$ufMW'J' of ~nc. Crit.,._ for PS-1 1 

Oltsrion Actual AIGwable Accclp1able? 

Correlation coefflcient 0.92\ !.0 ~ )'96 Coo-·- 4.54% ~ 10%. ,... 

Tdetanee n.rv.l 1Z.1% ~ .... ,.. -fnticetea; CDn'Mat'CW'I coemtlent • unde,..ed 

Check for Coneta11on CUN• Mk'l-.,umiMAxhnun• 

ConeliJC'Ion CUIW mntnum point 1.29 

t.l~ llow.tl)e X YftiJe 52 

IS ccnela'lion CIJI"'Ie tN1Irun c mfninun x velut? Y<S 

Correlation cvve ma:dmum 001n1 NA 

Extrapoi&Oon lld for x { 1 21!% of maxiii'UTI )t value NA 

b correlaicn Qrote ft'laXtnum > e:atrapo:lilllon nma? ""' 

Plot of ~~noml.ai RegrHslon Curve 

14 

• j 12 y•O~ o..D67• • 2.18$ • • t! tO • ! 8 • • u • 

6 • c 

Q • • u 

2 • .. 2 .. • • 

0 

0.0 $.0 10,0 15.0 20.0 25.0 

PM CE.MS R.npo,.. 

'--

Pf.ll~T .. 

t:;·~ .. ,......,. 

1 t/1/20()1 

VES009816 
CALCULATIONS FOR LOGARITHMIC CORRELATION 

Focility: Facility D Emission Uni.t: Boiler 

Loca.tion: Anytown USA Test Dates: 1111-11/4102, t n-1/8103 

PMCEMS 1 PM 

""'"'"A. TEO STATISTICAL~·~ 

Run _ X _I )('_: In (x} L y l (x,-x'l' l (y, y")' j(x'rf)(yd)j r l (Y"rYII' 

6.7 1.902 3.1 0.418 13.419 2.367 2.082 1.0371 

1 ~ 1 7.8 2.054 2.1 0.244 21.745 2.305 3.183 1.1731 

I • I 9.2 2.219 3.7 0.108 9.383 1.008 4.379 0.461 

10.1 2.313 6.1 0.056 0.440 0.156 5.055 1.092 

1 6 I 11.1 2.407 2.8 0.02Q 15.707 0.560 5.739 8.6361 

~ 12 2.485 4.9 0.004 3.471 0.118 6.303 1.9701 

18.2 2.901 8.3 0.125 f- 0.543 9.321 1.Q<'" 

13.7 2.617 4.5 0.005 5.122 ..0.156 7.263 7.E 

14.6 2.681 8.2 0,018 2.065 0.191 7.724 o .... 1 11 I 19.7 2.981 13 0.167 36.898 2.696 9.694 9.64 .. 

I 12 I 18 2.890 11.1 0.117 18.808 1.483 9.241 45~ 

13 20.3 3.01 1 11.9 26.367 3.198 

14 20.2 3.006 10.6 14.721 0.275 

19.71 2.9811 9.21 0.1871 5.9361 1.0531 9.8941 0.482 

16 I s.2 1.649 2.4 o.809 19.037 3.926 0.246 4.641 

I 17 I 8.6 2.152 4.8 0.157 3.654 0.779 3.890 0.828 

•• 14.1 2.646 6.2 0.010 0.317 ..0.055 7.472 • - --

1 •• I 14.5 2.674 7 0,016 0.056 0.030 7.674 u.'to;)j 

20 I 17.3 2.651 8.6 0.091 3.374 0.555 8.953 0.12· 

PS-11 Example 4C-R 19 Runs 10-27-04.xls Logarithmic Cales 

Pagel of 1 

10/2912004 

VES009!!17 
Facility: Facility D 

Location: Anytown USA 

P'S-11 Exa~te 4C-R 1-9 RuN 10·27-04.ldll 

RESULTS OF LOGARITHMIC CORRELAJION 

Emission Unit: Boil•r 

Test Dates: 11/1-11/4/02,1/7-1/8/03 

!Correlation equation: y = -11.697 + 7.244 ln(x) I 

--······-· .... ~""'"'"' ............ _ ....... _ .......... .. Criterion Actual Allowable 

Correlatlon coeffident 0.867 ?. 0.85 

Confidence interval 4.40% :; 10% 

Tolerance Interval 15.0% :;.2:>% 

. Indicates correlalion coeffident ls undefined. 

Plot of L.ogarUhmle Rear•sJJon Curve 

14 

. 8 t2 s 10 

; 8 

i 6 

0 4 

y = 7.244Lil(x) • 11 .697 • 

• 

:1 2 IL • 

0 

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 

PM CfMS Re.ponse 

• • 

20.0 

Acceptable? 

yes 

yes 

yes 

25.0 

Ps.11~Tesl 

Celeulation Sproadsheet 

VOf'Gion 2-6 10125/04 

Logeriltlmic: SUimlaJY 10f2912004 

VES009818 
CALCULAJIONS FOR EXPONENTIAL CORBELATION 

Facility: Facility 0 Emission Unit: Boiler 

location: Anytown USA Test Oates: 11/1-11/4/02, 117·1/8/03 

PM 

PMCEMS 

Run X y y' = Ln(vl 

0.0() 

11.11 2.81 1.0301 6.951 0.5561 1.9661 1.5001 0.2: 

, " 1.589 0.323 O.OOv 

8 8.3 2.116 1.522 o.o·· 

9 1 13.71 4.51 1.5041 o.oot om: 

11 19.7 13 2.565 

12 18 11.1 2.407 18.17 0.399 2.693 2.219 0.035 

13 20.3 11.9 2.477 43.0fll_ 49~ 4.603_! 2.45l!J. o~-

14 20.2 10.6 2.361 ~- - ;:-:-;;, --- - - I 15 19.7 9.2 2.219 35.58 0.197 2.648 2.397 0. 

I 16 5.2 2.4 0.875 72.88 0.809 7.661 0.886 O.vvv I 

·- • • 4.8 1.569 26.39 0.043 1.061 1.240 0 .••• 

1• s .21 1.8251 o.f3JQ.oo2]- -o,o18L -_f8l3l - o.ooo 

19 14.5 1.9461 0.581 0.0291 0.1301 1.8551 0.008 

!0 17.3 8.61 2.1521 12.701 0.1421 1.342[ 2.146[ 0.000 

PS-11 Example 4C-R 19 Runs 10-27-04.Jds Exponential Cales 

Page 1 of 1 

10/2912004 

VES0098l9 
RESULTS Of EXPQNEHDAl CORRELA!10H 

Facility: Focllky 0 

location: Anytown USA 

v..-. n 

-; 

s.. 

5,v 

s.,. 

.... 

... 

b 

s.. I s.. 

'/", 

L• 

u 

Equoiion v-

~r data ints • 19 

x- = 1/n'(Sum of (X~) • t3.74 

s., = Sum((.,·x-)'2) •. 436.0 

y'- •1Jn~ol(y'~). t .775 

5,v = Sum((Y'rl"-)'2) • 5.67 

s.,. o um((~· -)(y rlf-)) • 

.... = y--b ...... = 

ba • e'tl,' =I 1.410 

b,= S,,S,m- 0.104 ) 1111: 0.235 

'(" etmoan xvMJt• l 1.ns 

t, from table-=! 2.110 

I' • 0.1 t 35 

·'. .' = y=' + 

Cl = (<>"UCL' • e'LCL t .._ t ErM!ion Um Ct. " err. CIIEL 10Dil 

v, ~ . I Vt from -~· table • 1.400 

u, I 14.• from ,_ • 

t, I t, •u.-v, ... 

Tl' I Tl' = k,"Sl = 

u -L TL' = v:· :rr 

UR'Gr' .. Tf 

.. r. VTl'· e"LTL)'2 

Tl% • TVEL. 100% • 

S.·=: 

t .178 

t.&49 

0.387 

1. 

2. 

_2 • 

0 .561 

r 

r"• )=' 0825 r' )= 0.909 

• lnclcates 1 1t Jl 1 

P$-11 ba"'*' 4C-R t ll lll.uns to:Q.o.uts 

Emis.lfon Unit: Boiler 

Tn t Dote.: 11/1·1114'02. 1/7·118103 

lcorrel-;tlon equ--;tion: y sa 1.410-o-----o:-1042 ·- ) 

.............. .... "' ...... fOi l.....- .......... . . , .... r OI"I I 

CtltEM'Ion Actual AIIOwab&e Acceptablo? 

Corr•IBtion coeffiCient 0.909 ,!0.85 yeo 

~- 3.63% ~1CW. yes 

Totemnoe interval 12.6% !25% yes . lndtcates OOf'I'Otatlon coeftldent is ~ed 

Pfot o f Expon•nUel RegreuJon Curve 

" • 12 

r· 

~ . 

a 8 & 

y = 1.4101e0.10<1211 • • 

• 

• L < 

2 

0 

OJ) .. IOJ> .... :><>D 25.0 

Pill CEM'S A ... pon.e 

S.11 CortoQtion T 6!1 

Elp!)M'*<II SumtN"f I"'""""" 

VES009820 
CALCULATIONS FOR POWER CORRELATION 

Facility: Facility D Eml8$lon Unit: Boiler 

Location: Anytown USA Test Dates: 11/1-11/4/02, 1/7-1/8/03 

PM• 

PMCEMS 1 

Tr CALCULATED STATISTICAL PARAMETERS 

Run x I x· = Ln(x) I Y I y' = Ln(y) I (x'c"'l2 I (y'rY'"f l< ><rx'")( >I y•• 1 t" Y~

6.71 -- 1.!162T --3.11 1.1311 0.4181 0.4141_ 0.4161 0.9751 0.0245 

~ 7.8 2.054 0.742 0.511 0.1773 

' ~ ~ 2.219 1.308 ~ 154 0.0035 

1( -2.3131 6.11 1.8081 o.o561 0.0011 -o.oo81 1.4831 0.1058 

1' ~8 _ 1.0301 0.0201 0.5561 0.1051 1.6001 0.3253 

4.91 1.5891 0.0041 0.0351 0.0121 1.6971 0.0 115 

2:00IT - -8.3L __ 2.1j6l _ Q.12!;l _ 0.1161 0.1201 2.2121 o.oo92 

2.6171 4.51 1.5041 0.0051 0.0731 .0.0191 1.8611 0.1271 

-.6[ 2.6811 8.2[ 2.1041 0.0181 0.1081 0.044[ 1.9391 0.0271 

" 19.7 2.981 13 2.585 0.187 0.624 - 0.341 2.311 0.0647 

12 18 2.890 11.1 2.407 0.117 0.399 0.2 16 2.199 0.0433 

I 13 20.3 3.01 1 11.9 2.477 0.21 4 0.492 0.324 2.348 0.0166 

14 20.2 3.006 10.6 2.361 0.209 0.343 0.268 2.342 0.0004 

5 I - Te.7T - - 2.98IT - -9.2T - - 2.219f -().187)" 0:197l 0.1921 2.3111 0.0083 ] 

6 I 5.2

1 

1.649! 2.4

1 

0.875! 0.809

1 

0.809! 0.809! 0661! 0.0461 I 

2.152 4.8 1.569 0.157 0.043 0.082 1.284 0.0810 

18 I - 14.11 - 2:6461 - - s.21 - - 1.8251 - 0.0101 0.0021 - 0.0051 - _1_.6~ 0.005· 

19 I 14.51 2.6741 71 1.9461 O.ot61 0.0291 0.0211 1.9311 o.ooo: 

20 I 17.31 2.8511 8.61 2.1521 o.091l 0.1421 0.1141 2.1501 o.ooo< 

PS·11 Example 4C·R 19 Runs 1Q.27-04.xls Power Cales 

Page t of1 

10/2912004 

VES009821 
Fociity: Facility D 

Location: Anytoown USA 

P$-11 ~ 4G-R 1$ A""s 1 o.2'7·01 . .d5 

RESULTS Of PQWER CORRELMtoN 

Emlssion Unft: Soller 

T .. t Datos: IIM-11,.,-o2, 117-118103 

lcorrelotfon equatl.;;;;- y = 0.2513 x w•• ] ............ -..... ..__ ................................. ~ .. Criterion Actual Nlowabl6 ACCOj)tallle? 

Correlation coefficient 0.89-4 ?. 0.85 yes 

Confidence intetval 3.90% ,!1\nllio yes 

Toler"""" lruerval 13.8"- ~~~ yes 

nd~tna correlation oootricle:nt ls un<Ser.nod. 

Plot of Pow.r Func:tion Rt{ll'&u.ion Curve 

~< r------------------------------------, 

12 

j tO 

1! 

J: 

u 

l • 

2 

Y • 0.2513x'·'"' 

• 

• • 

• 

----------------------~----~ 

--

00 5 0 tO O 150 20.0 25 0 

PM C·EMS Rn ponM 

PSo 1 I Ccmf•lion T S 

Calc\llalfiorl $p111.claheet 

tve~o" 24 012~ 

'""""""' 

VES009822 
SEL.ECTtoN OF BEST MODEL 

FaciiUy: Emission Unit: Boller 

locaUon: 

Facility D 

Anytown USA Test Datos: 11/1·11/4102,1n-118/03 

Model CO<relation :! 0.85? Conlldenoe interval !!_10%? Tolerance intetval hal 

coefficient (a) half ronge percentoge ronge percentage 

Unoar 0.912 Yes 3.63% Yes 12 .. 4% 

PolYnomial 0.921 Yes 4.54% Yes 12.1% 

LOQarlthmic 0.867 Yes 4.40% Yes 15.0% 

Exoonential 0.909 Yes 3.63% Yes 12.6% 

Power 0.894 Yes 3.90% Yes 13.6% 

(a) • Indicates CO«elation coofficient is undefllled; model does not ~Sfy crtterlon. 

(b) Not applicable; criteriOn applies only to polynomial model. 

PS-1 1 Careiation TCIN 

Calcutaclon Spreadsheet Jv......., 2.0 lllf.lSIO< 

PS-1 1 Example 4C-R 19 Runs 10-27-04.xls Best Model 

r !f. 25%? Minimax within Does model meet an 

allowable range? criteria? 

Yes (bl Yes 

Yes Yes Yes 

Yes b) Yes 

Yes b) Yes 

Yes bl Yes 

Best model: Pol~omlal 

10/2912004 

VES009823 
VES009824.pdf 
PROCEDURE 2-Quality Assurance Requirements for 

Particulate Marter Continuous Emission Monitoring Sy&1ems at SU.tlonar y Sour ces 

(40 CfR 60, Appendix F) 

Summary of Routine System Check Requirements 

Drift Check [§§10.2(1), 10.2(2), 10.2(4), 10.4(1)) 

Applicability: all PM CEMS 

Frequency: daily 

Procedure: 

Check zero and upscale drift 

Adjust instrument if daily zero or upscale drift exceeds 4 percent 

If instrument automati.caJly odjusts for drift, it must be programmed to record either the 

unadjusted concentration or the amount of the adjustment 

• Use Equation 2-3 to calculate zero dlift 

Use Equation 2-2 to calculate upscale drift 

Instrumetlt is out of control ifz.cro or upscale drift exceeds: 

4 percent for 5 consecutive days 

- 8 percent for any one day 

System Oprjcs Check (§10.2(3)) 

Applicabibry: light-scattering, extinction rypc, or other optical PM CEMS 

• Frequency: daily 

Procedure: 

- check system optics to ensure proper operation 

Sample Volume Check [§§10.2(5), 10.4(2)) 

Applicabiliry: extractive PM CEMS that incorporate measured sample volume in output 

Frequency: daily 

Procedure: 

- check sample volume at normal sampling rate 

- adjust system if daily sample volume cbec.k error exceeds lO percent 

Instrument is out of control if sample volume check error exceeds: 

10 percent for 5 consecutive days 

- 20 percent for any one day 

VES009824 
VES009825.pdf 
PROCEDUREDD: QUALITYCONTROLAND 

QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR 

HYDROCHLORIC ACID CONTINUOUS EMISSION 

MONITORING SYSTEMS AT STATIONARY 

SOURCES 

November 2005 

Revision: 1.0 

VES009825 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Procedure DO outlines the conUnuing quality control and quality assurance requiremeniS for a 

hydrochloric acid (HCI) continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS). Procedure DO provides the 

procedures and perlom1ance aileria for daily checks of the high-level and zero-level drill. This 

procedure also provides the procedures and performance criteria for quarterly absolute calibration 

audiiS as well as annual a<XUracy audits. 

VES009826 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1.0 USING PROCEDURE 00 ...................................................................................................... 3 

1.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY OF PROCEDURE DO? .................... 3 

1.2 WHAT ARE THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF PROCEDURE DO? ............................. 3 

1.3 WHAT SPECIAL DEFINITIONS APPLY TO PROCEDURE DO? ................................... 3 

2.0 INTERFERENCES, SAFETY, AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS .................................. 6 

2.1 WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF PERSONS 

USING PROCEDURE DO? ............................................................................................. 6 

2.2 WHAT EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES DO I NEE0? ....................................................... 6 

2.3 WHAT REGENTS AND STANDARDS DO I NEED? ...................................................... 6 

3.0 QUALITY CONTROL, CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION ....................................... 8 

3.1 WHAT QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES ARE REQUIRED BY 

PROCEDURE DO?... ....................................................................................................... 8 

3.2 WHAT CALIBRATION CHECKS AND AUDIT PROCEDURES MUST I 

PERFORM FOR MY HCL CEMS? .................................................................................. 8 

4.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND CALCULATIONS .......................................................... 12 

4.1 WHAT ARE THE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR MY HCI CEMS? ......................... 12 

4.2 WHAT CALCULATIONS, EQUATIONS. AND DATA ANALYSES ARE 

NEEDED? ...................................................................................................................... 13 

5.0 OTHER REQUIREMENTS AND INFORMATION ................................................................ 19 

5.1 WHAT POLLUTION PREVENTION PROCEDURES MUST I FOLLOW? 

(RESERVED) ................................................................................................................. 19 

5.2 WHAT REFERENCE TABLES AND FIGURES ARE RELEVANT TO 

PROCEDURE 00? ........................................................................................................ 19 

6.0 RELEVANT REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 22 

Table 1. Ongoing Quality Assurance/Quality Control Galibration Gas Ranges 

F~gure 1. Dynamic Spiking OvefView 

ii 

VES009827 
1.0 USING PROCEDURE DO 

1.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY OF PROCEDURE DO? 

The pUIJ)OSe or Procedure DO Is to establish the minimum requirements lor quality control (QC) and 

quality assurance (OA) p(Ocedures lor the HCI CEMS. These quality control and quality assurance 

procedures are in place to ensure the accuracy and validity or the data reported by lhe HCI CEMS lor 

emission compliance purposes. Any HCI CEMS used lor reporting purposes to the Environmental 

Protec1ioo Agency (EPA), state. or local environmental agencies must comply with Procedure DO 

immediately after the completion of the perlormance specification test outllned in Perfonnance 

Specification z'. 

1.2 WHAT ARE THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF PROCEDURE DO? 

Procedure DO includes procedures and performance criteria for conducting dailY calibration drift tests .. 

quartetty absolute calibration aud~s. and annual accuracy determinations. Procedure DO also covers 

the requirements and timellnes associated with periods when the HCI is out or control. 

1.3 WHAT SPECIAL DEFINITIONS APPLY TO PROCEDURE DO? 

Calibration Drift: The difference In the CEMS output readings from the established reference value after 

a stated period or operation during which no unscheduled maintenance or adjustment took place. 

Calibration Error: The mean difference between the concentration indicated by the CEMS and the 

known concentration generated by a calibration source at three levels when the entire CEMS. including 

the sampling interface ;s challenged. A CE test is performed to document the accuracy and linearity of 

the CEMS over the entire measurement range. 

Centroldal Area : means a ooncentric area that is geometrically similar to the stack or duct cross section 

and is no greater than 1 pencent ol the stack or duct cross-sectional area. 

Continuous Emission Monitoring System; means the loCal equipment required for the determination of 

a gas concentration or emission rate. The sample Interlace. pollutant analyzer, diluent analyzer, and data 

recorder are the major subsystems of the CEMS. 

3 

VES009828 
Correlation Coefficient: detennines the extent of a linear relationship between two fields over a given 

periOd of time. 

Data Recorder: The portion of the CEMS that provides a record of analyzer output, flags which indicate 

normal operation, and flags lr\dicating abnonnal operation. The data recorder may record other pertinent 

data such as effluent flow rates, and various instrument temperatures. 

Diluent Analyzer: means that portion of the CEMS that senses the diluent gas (I. ~) and generates an 

output prq>ortional to the gas concentration. 

Dynamic Spiking: a procedure used to document the accuracy. precision, and bias of the moniloring 

system by quanUtatively spiking a certified gas into the pollutant gas stream. 

High-Level Drift: means the absolute difference between a high·levet calibration gas and the mooltor 

response. 1n units of the applicable standard. 

Instrument Meaourement Range: The range of HCI concentrations the instrument can reliably measure 

from the lowest concentraUon to the highest. 

Intercept: value of the Y variable when the X variable Is equal to zer()olevel. 

Linear Regression: a methodology used to find a formula that can be used to relate two variables that 

are linearly related. 

Path Sampling CEMS: A CEMS that samples the source effluent along a path greater than 10 percent of 

the equivalent diameter of the stack or duct cross section. 

Point Sampling CEMS: A CEMS that sampCes the source effluent at a single point. 

Pollutant Analyzer: means that portion of the CEMS that senses the pollutant gas and generates an 

output propot1ional to the gas concentration. 

Relative Accuracy (RA): means the absolute mean difference between the gas concentration or 

emission rate determined by the CEMS and the value determined by the Reference MethOd (RM), plus 

4 

VES009829 
the 2.5 percent error confidence coefficient of a series or tests, divided by the mean or the RM tests or the 

applicable emission lim~. 

Response Time: The time interval between the start of a step change in the system input and when the 

pollutant analyzer output reached 95% or the final value. 

Sample Interface: The portion of the CEMS used for one or more or the fOllowing: sample acquisition, 

sample transport, sample conditioning, or protection of the mon~or from the effects or staCk gas. 

Stope: The rate or change of Y relative to the change in X. 

Zero evel-level drift: means the absolute difference ootween a high-level calibnltlon gas and the 

monitor respOnSe, in units of the applicable standard. 

5 

VE$009830 
2.0 INTERFERENCES, SAFETY, AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS 

2.1 WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF PERSONS USING PROCEDURE 

DO? 

People using Procedure DO may be exposed to hazardous material, operatiol\81 hazards, and hazardous 

site conditions. Procedure DO does not address all the safety issues associated with its use. It is your 

responsibility to ensure the safely of persons using Procedure DO. Some helpful references may include 

the CEMS manual, the CEMS manufacturer, other reference methods, and on-site safety regulations. 

2.2 WHAT EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES DO I NEED? 

2 .. 2.1 Equipment for the CEMS 

1. Sample Extraction System: This portion of the CEMS must present a sample of source 

effluent to the sampling module that is drec~y representative or can be COITected so as to be 

representative or source. The sample extraction system typically consists of a sample probe 

and a heated umbilical line. 

2. Pressure Regulation Module: The pressure regulation module is designed to remove both 

free particulates and water-soluble aerosols from the gas stream prior to al\alysis by the 

sampling module. This module also provides a sample gas to the aMiyzer at a constant 

pressure (optional}. 

3. Analyzer module: The portion of the CEMS that quantitates stack gas concentrations of HCI. 

4. Diluent Module: This portion of the CEMS quantifies stack gas concentrations of oxygen 01: 

C02. For systems wilh a multi-component analyzer, the same al\alyzer quantlf19s the 

concentration of aU measured analytes. 

5. System Controller: This portion of the CEMS provides control of the aMiyzer, sample 

probe, pressure regulation modulo and the sample interface. 

6. Data recorder: Your HCI CEMS must be able to record HCI concentrations and Instrument 

status signals (Hags). 

2.3 WHAT REGENTS AND STANDARDS DO I NEED? 

6 

VES009831 
2.3.1 Reference Gases, Gas Cells, or Optical Fillers 

See Table 1 for calibration gas coocentration ranges. 

7 

VES009832 
3.0 QUALITY CONTROL, CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION 

3.1 WHAT QUAUTY CONTROL MEASURES ARE REQUIRED BY PROCEDURE DO? 

You must develop and implement a quality control program tha~ at a minimum Includes detailed written 

procedures for all of the following activities. 

1. Procedures for perlorming drift chG<:I<s on a daily basis, including but notlim~ed to, zem evel 

driR, high·level drift, and sample volume measurement drift (when applicable). 

2. Procedures and methods of adjusllng the Ha CEMS in response to the results of the drift 

checks. 

3. Preventative maintenance of the HCI CEMS. 

4. Data recording, calculations, and reporting. 

5. Procedures for required audits, indudlng absolute calibration audits and accuracy audits. 

6. Procedures for adjusting your CEMS based on audit results. 

7. A program of corrective action and stack operation procedures In case of a CEMS 

malfunction and an out of control period. 

You are required to keep written documentation of your QAIQC procedures on record and available for 

inspection for the life of the CEMS or until you are no longer subject to the requirements of this 

procedure. If you fall two consecutive audits you must revise your QAIQC procedures. 

3.2 WHAT CALIBRATION CHECKS AND AUDIT PROCEDURES MUST I PERFORM FOR MY HCL 

CEMS? 

Ongoing qual~ control will include daUy calibration drift tests, quarterly absolute calibration audits, and 

annual accuracy test audits, which are discussed below: 

3.2.1 Dally Calibration Drift Checks 

The zero~evel and hlgh ~evel drift shall be checked once dally. The callbration gas concentration ranges 

are provided in Table 1. To determine the zer~evel drift or calibration drift, Introduce to the CEMS the 

reference gases. gas cell s. or opfical filters (these need not be certified) for the zero-level and igh~ev l 

values. Record the CEMS response and subtract this value from the reference value. The calibration drift 

shall not exceed 5% of !he inslnumenl span. Zero-level and hlgh-teveJ calibration drifts shall be adjusted, 

at a minimum, whenever the 24-hour zer evel drift exceeds the limits of the callbrabon drift specifiCation. 

8 

VES009833 
The amount of eXGeSS zero-level and high-level drift measured at lhe 24-hour in18fVal checks will be 

recorded. 

3.2.2 Quarterly Absolute Calibration Audit (Calibration Error Test) 

The quarterly Absolute Calibration Audit will rotlow !he Cslibration Errot procedure outlined In 

Performance Specification Z. The HCI CEMS shall be challenged ttvee non-consecutive times with zerolevel, mid-level, and high-level certified gases. The cylinder gases will be certified gases (EPA Protocol 1 

gases are not available for HCI). The cafibration gases will be injected into the sample system as close to 

the sampling probe as practical and will pass through all CEMS components used during normal 

monitoring. The absolute differenco between the Instrument response and lhe reference value (certified 

gas) will be calculated after each Injection and the resulting three differences will be averaged to 

determine the calibration error at each measurement point. The calibration error for each of lhe three 

levels will not exceed 5% of span. 

An absolute calibration audit will be performed quarterly, except during the quarte< thO annual accuracy Is 

performed. 

3.2.3 Annual Accuracy Test Audit 

The annual accuracy audit or lhe HCI CEMS wm consist of a calibration drift test (sewn day drift) and an 

accuracy determination by performing either a relative accuracy determination, or by dynamic spiking. 

3.2. 3.1 Seven-Day Drift Test (seven day drift) 

Prior to the start ol the accuracy test (either lhe Relative Accuracy et Dynamic Spiking) you must perform 

a calibration drift test for a period of seven consecutive days. The seven-day calibration drift test must be 

conducted when the facility Is under notmal operations. During the calibtallon drift lest period you must 

determine the magnitude of the zero-level calibration drift and the high-level calibration drift at least once 

each day. During the stability tests, no adjustments or calibrations may be made to the CEMS. If 

periodic automatic et manual adjustments are made to the CEMS zero-lew! and calibration settings, 

conduct the CD test immediately before these adjustments, or conduct It in such a way that the CD can 

be determined. The zero-level and high-level drift each must be less than 5% or the Instrument span let 

each of seven consecutive days. 

3.2.3.2 Rotative Accuracy Determination 

The relaUw accuracy determination wiU be COnducted while the affected facility is operating during normal 

operation, or as specified In an applicable subpart. 

Reference Methods IRMI. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations. 

Methods 26 or 26A, et their approved allernatives, are the reference methods for HCI. Other reference 

methods for moisture, oxygen, etc. may be necessary. 

9 

VES009834 
Samp~ng Strategy for RM Tests. Conduct lhe RM tests in such a way that they will yield results 

represenlawe or the emissions from the source and can be correlated to the CEMS data. It Is preferable 

to conduct lhe d~uent (II applicable), moisture ~ needed), and pollutant measurements simultaneously. 

However, diluent and moisture measurements that are taken wilhin an hour of lhe poltutant 

measurements may be used to calculate dry pollutant concentration and emission rates. In order to 

correlate the CEMS and RM data properly, note the beginning and end of each RM test period of each 

run (including the exact dme of day) on the CEMS chart recordings or Olher permanent record or oulp<Jt. 

For Integrated samples make a sample traverse of at least 21 minutes, sampling for an equal time at 

each traverse point. 

Number or RM Tests. Conduct a minimum ol nine sets or all necessary RM test runs. 

NOTE: Mora lhan nine sets of RM tests may be performed. If this option is chosen, a maximum of three 

sets or the test resu~s may be rejected so long as the total number or test results used to determlle lhe 

RA is greater than or equal to nine. However, all data must be reported, including the rejected data. 

Correlation of RM and CEMS Data. Correlate the CEMS and the RM test data as to the time and 

duration by lirst determining from the CEMS linal output (the one used for repOrling) the integrated 

average pollutant ooncentration or emission rate for each pollutant RM test perlod. Consider system 

response lime, ff important and conlirrn that the pair of resulls are on a oonsistent moisture. tamperaii.J(e, 

and diluent concentration basis. Then, compare each integrated CEMS value against the corresponding 

average RM value. If the RM has an integrated sampling technique, make a direct oomparison or the RM 

results and CEMS integrated average value. 

Calculate the mean difference between the RM and CEMS values in the units of the emission standard, 

the standard deviation, the oonfKfence coefficient, and the relative accuracy acoording to the calculations 

in Section 4.0. The RA of the CEMS must not be greater than 20% of the mean value of the reference 

method (RM) test data, or not greater than 10% in terms or the emission standard (ppmv, dry), or have an 

absolute difference or less than 5 ppmv between the mean reference value and the mean CEMS vakle. 

3.2.3.3 Dynamic Spiking 

Dynamic spiking can be used in lieu ol the Relative Accuracy Determination as an alternative method for 

documenting the accuracy, precision, and bias of the HCI CEMS. Figure 1 provides an overview of the 

dynamic spiking arrangement. 

While the HCI CEMS Is sampling ftue gas. HCI reference gas is introduced into the CEMS sample 

Interface by using a mass flow controller (or equivalent). The target ratio ol actual flue gas to the HCI 

reference gas is 9:1, but must be kepi at a mlr\lmum ratio of 1:1. The HCI ooncentration is quantitated by 

10 

VES009835 
the HCI CEMS. One minute averl!ged values, in units of the applicable standard, are collected and 

archeived. 

An element of opportunity shall be used to calculate the dynamically spiked HCI concentration 

(represents the reference HCI ooncenflatlon). The element of opportunity is an analyte, which woold 

normally be present in the nue gas at steedy concentrations. Elcamples of pnospedive elements or 

opportunity would be 0 2, NOx, SO, CO,, or moisture. This analyte Is measured using a certified 

reference CEMS, separate from the HCL CEMS. 

In addition, a calibrated Laminar Flow Element (flow as an element of opportunity) can be used as a 

secondary Indicator for calculating the dynamically spiked HCI concentration (represents the reference 

HCI ooncenflatlon). Whie the Laminar Flow Element Is mainly for verification of the dynamic spiking 

system operation, the use of flow as an element of opportunity can be used to calculate the concentration 

of the HCt dynamic spike. 

In addition, HCI concentration of the ftue gas (baseline HCL) shall be detennined prior to each spiking 

!Jial. The baseline HCI concentration is based upon e se<ies of at least 10, one-minute averaged data 

points. Baseline data must be collected immediately prior to each test run. The data points must Include 

the HCI concenflalion, element of opportunity concentration(s) and the flow recorded by the laminar flow 

element. A site-specific standard operating procedure for the HCL dynamic spiking is required. 

Linear regression Is used to establish the accuracy, precision, and bias or the HCI CEMS. The criteria for 

the HCt dynamic spikilg are: 

1. The correlation coefficient (r) must be greater than or equal to 0.00 

2. The slope must be 1.0, +/- 0.15 

3. The Intercept must be equal to or less than 15% or the instrument span 

11 

VES009836 
4.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND CALCUlATIONS 

4.1 WHAT ARE THE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR MY HCI CEMS? 

You must demonstrate that your HCI CEMS has adequate stab~ity. precision, accuracy, response time 

and data reporting capabilities to determine If your facility is In compliance with HCI emission standards or 

operating permit Umits as specified In applicable regulations or permits. You wiU demonstrate this 

capacity by showing that your HCI CEMS meets the fOllowing performance criteria. 

4.1.1 Daily Calibration Check Criteria 

The dally zero-level drift or calibration drift each shall not exceed 5% of span. The calculations are 

provided in Section 4.2.2. 

4.1.2 Quarterly Absolute Audit 

The absolute mean difference between lhe CEMS and the reference values, at all three test points, must 

be no greater than 5% of span. The calculations are provided In Section 4.2.3. 

4.1.3 Relative Accuracy 

The RA of the CEMS must not be greater than 20% of the mean value of the reference method (RM) test 

data, or not greater than 10% in terms of the emission standard (ppmv, dry), or have an absolute 

difference of less than 5 ppmv between the mean reference value and the mean CEMS value. The 

calculations are provided in Sections 4.2.5- 4.2.7. 

4.1.4 Dynamic Spiking 

Dynamically spiking may be used in lieu of a Relative Accuracy Test as a means to document the 

accuracy, precision, and bias of lhe HCI CEMS. 

The criteria for the Ha dynamic spiking Is (1) The correlation coefficienL r, must be greater than or equal 

to 0.90 (2) The slope must be 1.0, +/- 0.15 (3) The Intercept must be equal to or tess than 15% of the 

instrument span. 

The calculations are proVIded in Section 4.2.8. 

4.1.4.1 Out ot Control 

The HCI CEMS war be considered ou1 of control If the z.e~evel (low-level) or high level calibration drift 

exceeds two times the applicable calibration drift specification (I.e. the calibration drift is greater than :1: 10 

12 

VES009837 
% of span.) In addition. lhe HCI CEMS wiU also be considered out of control if the CEMS fails the 

quarterly absolute calibration audit or the annual accuracy lest audit. 

When the CEMS is out of control, lhe owner or operator shall take the necessary corrective action and 

shall repeat all necessary tests, which indicate thallhe system is out of control. The owner or operator 

shall take corrective action and conduct retesting untll the peoformance requirements are below the 

appllcable crt!eria. 

The out of control period begins Immediately after the failed drift test or audit. The out of control period 

ends immediately following the successful completion of required procedures associated wilh lhe failura 

or lhe audit test. During lhe out of control period you may not use the data generated by the HCl CEMS 

for compliance purposes. 

4.2 WHAT CALCULATIONS, EQUATIONS, AND DATA ANALYSES ARE NEEDED? 

4 .2..1 Arithmetic Mean 

Calculate the arithmetic mean of a data set as follows: 

where: 

- l 

x= - LXI 

n 

X = 

n = 

= 

Arithmetic mean 

Numbe( of data points 

Value of each data point 

4.2.2 Dally Hlgf>.level and Zero-level Drift 

CD =(IR - AI/S)'100 

where: 

CD = Percent calibration drift(%). 

(Equation 1) 

(Equation 2) 

R = Reference value of zero-level or high level caUbretion gas introduced into the 

monitoring system (ppmv), 

13 

VES009838 
A = Actual monitor response to calibration gas (ppmv), 

S = Span of the instrument (ppmv). 

4.2.3 Calibration Error 

CE =I d.,. I Si • 100 (Equation 3) 

whOre: 

CE = Percent caUbratlon error(%). 

d.,. = Mean difference between CEMS response and the known reference gas (ppmv), 

S = Span of the monitor (ppmv). 

4.2.4 Mean Difference 

calculate the arllhmeUc mean difference as follows: 

1 d =-"di ~ IJ 4-.J (Equation 4) 

where : 

d,.. = Arithmetic mean of differences 

n = Number Of data sets 

di = difference of each data sel 

And 

(Equation 5) 

where: 

x, = Value at data set x 

yi = Value at data set y 

14 

VES009839 
4.2.5 Relative Accuracy 

TheRA for lhe monitors will be calculated using the least restrictive of equation 6 or equation 7: 

RA = (ld,..,l +ICC!) (Equation 6) 

or 

RA " ({I d.,. I + ICCI)/'TM..o) ·100 (Equation 7) 

where: 

RA " RelatiVe accuracy, either ~rcent or ppmv or% absolute, 

d.,. ~ Arithmetic mean of differences between value measured by the installed CEMS and the 

reference method, 

CC = Confidence coefficient, 

TM.,. = Average value measured by the reference test method monitors. 

4.2.6 Confidence Coefficient 

The confidence coefficient will be calculated using equation 8: 

CC • fo97; • (S•/ (n" )) (Equation 8) 

where: 

CC " Confidence coefficient, 

fo.o15 = t-value obtained from Table 2.1 in Performance Specification 2, 40 CFR Part 60 

Appendix B 

4.2.7 Standard DeviatJon (of Differences) 

S. = Standard deviation of differences measured between the installed CEMS and the 

reference methods calculaled using equallon 8: 

(Equalton 9) 

s, = lt -1 

where: n = Number of values In !his data set. 

15 

YES009840 
4.2.8 Dynamic Spiking 

For baseline data, determine the ave<age concenlration for lhe Ha CEMS, the reference mechod 

elements or opportunity, the Laminar Flow Element flow value and the mass flow control seltlngs. For 

each specific test run, determine the average value of the CEMS HCI data, the average value of the 

reference values for the etemeniS of opponunity, including the laminar flow. The average CEMS HO 

value is actual CEMS HCI value for the specific test run. The reference HCI value lor the test run is 

calCulated as follows: 

Opp- p(m., HCI ,., = I - ~ • Cal Gas + BasclineHCI 

Opp - pre.,, (Equation 1 0) 

where: 

HCI ., = Reference HCI value for run "X" 

Opp-post .., = average reference element of opportunity value during test (downstream of spike) 

Opp-pre .., = average reference element of opportunity value during test (upstream of spike) 

caiGas = Ha calibration gas concenlration 

Baseline HCI = CEMS HCI average baseline value 

Using data from each of the three test runs, perform a linear regression of the CEMS HCI average values 

against the Reference HCi values using the foUowing equations given below: 

y=b, +b,x (Eq uation 11) 

where: 

= The y intercept 

b, = The slope 

16 

VES009841 
The intercept is calculated according to the following equahon: 

b, = :v-b,x 

Where: 

I N 

X=-L x, 

JJ f 110) 

The slope of the line is calculated according to equation below: 

• 

I rx,-i)(y, - y) 

b, -~'-~'----------

'trx,-x}' ~I 

(Equation 12) 

(Equation 13) 

The linear correlation coefficient is calculated according lo the following equation. 

(Equation 14) 

4.2.8.1 Dynamic Spiking Corrected Values 

a). If the HCI CEMS fails to meet both the slope and intercept criteria, lhe follOwing co«ection factor must 

be applied to the one-minute average HCI data: 

(Equation 15) 

17 

VES009842 
Where: 

cc = Corrected CEMS HCL concentration 

y, = CEMS reported HCL concentration 

0, = the intercept of the least squares linear regression line 

b, = the slope of the least squares linear regression line 

b). If the HCI CEMS fails to meet the stope criteria, but meets the intercept criteria, the following 

correction factor must be applied to the one-minute average HCI data: 

(Equation 16) 

c). If the HCI CEMS falls to meet the intercept criteria, but meets the slope cnteria, the following correotion 

factor must be applied to the one-minute average HCI data: 

C' = y , - b0 (Equation 17) 

18 

VES009843 
5.0 OTHER REQUIREMENTS AND INFORMATION 

5.1 DATA RECORDING AND REPORnNG 

In general, all data and re<Xllds associated wilh the HCI CEMS must be retained for 5 years. AI a 

minimum, at least 2 years of data and records must be readily available at the site. The balance olltle 

records may be retained off site. 

HCI CEMS calibration drift tests and audit resuns shall be reported at lnte<vals specified in the applicable 

regulation. 

5.2 WHAT POLLUTION PREVE.NnON PROCEDURES MUST I FOLLOW? [RESERVED] 

5.3 WHAT REFERENCE TABLES AND FIGURES ARE RELEVANT TO PROCEDURE DO? 

Table 1. Ongoing Quality Assurance/Quality Control Calibration Gas Ranges 

Figure 1. Dynamic Spiking Overview 

19 

VES009844 
Table 1. Ongolrl{l Quality Assurance/Quality Control Calibration Gas Rant~es 

HCI Calibration Gas Concentrations • 

Test Units Zero-level Mid-Level Hlgi>-Level 

Daily Calibration Dtift %of Span 0-30 NA 50-100 

Absolute Calibration %of Span 0-29 30-49 50-100 

Audit 

Dynamic Spiking %of Span 0·50 25-75 50-100 

•A copy of the suppfier"s cenificate of analysis must be provided for each gas cyfinder. Calibration gases 

do not need to be Protocol 1 gases. 

20 

VES009845 
Figure 1. Dynamic Spiking Apparatus 

Dynamic Spiking Apparatus 

Sa pie Probe Heated line Inside 

sample umbillical 

Hoato sample line 

Flue Gas 

l 

•Heat.d Filter 

• Pressure Control 

·laminar Flow 

Element 

HCL 

CEMS 

Calibration Manifold 

(Mass now meters) 

900·1000 ppm HCL In N2 

Gas Rtftrone. 

Coi'Kikion:.,- MeMI.H•rnertl(s) 

21 

VES009846 
6.0 RELEVANT REFERENCES 

I. Performance Specification Z: Specifications and Test Procedures for Hydrochloric Acid 

Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources. 2005. 

22 

VES009847 
VES009848.pdf 
1535 

217 . In Pa rt 60 , Appendix B is amended by revising 

Perfor mance Specifi cations 2 , 3 , 4, 4A, 5, 6, 7, 8 , a nd 9 to 

read as follows: 

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 2 - SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR S02 AND NOx CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING 

SYSTEMS I N STATIONARY SOURCES 

1.0 Scope and Application . 

1.1 Analytes . 

Analvte CAS Nos . 

Sulfur Dioxide 7449-09 - 5 

(SO, ) 

Nitrogen Oxides 10102-44 - 0 NO , 

(NO, ) 10024- 97- 2 (NO) 

1.2 Applicability. 

1. 2 .1 This specification is for evaluating the 

acceptability of so, and NO. continuous emission mon1toring 

systems (CEMS) a t the time of installation or soon after and 

whenever specified i n the regulations. The CEMS may include, 

for certain stationary sources, a diluent (01 o r CO,) 

moni tor . 

1.2 . 2 This specification i s not designed t o e va luate 

the i nsta lled CENS performance over an extended period of 

time nor does it identify specif ic calibration techniques 

a nd other auxilia r y procedures to assess the CEMS 

performance . The source owne r or operator is responsible to 

calibrate, maintain, and operate the CE~IS properly. The 

VES009848 
1536 

Administrator may require, under Section 114 of the Act, the 

operator t o conduct CEMS performance eval uations at other 

times besides the initial test t o evaluate the CEMS 

performance . See 40 CFR Part 60, §60 . 13(c) . 

2 . 0 Summary of Performance Specifi ca tion . 

Pr ocedures for measuring C£MS r elative accuracy and 

calibration drift are outlined . ~~s installation and 

measurement loca t ion specifications, equipment 

specifi cations, performance specifications, and data 

reduction procedures are included . Conformance of the CEMS 

wi t h the Performance Specifica tion is determined . 

3 . 0 Definitions. 

3 . 1 Calibration Dri ft (CD) means the difference in 

the CEHS output readi ngs from t he established reference 

value after a stated period of opera t i on during which no 

unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place . 

3 . 2 Centroidal Az·ea means a concentric area tha t is 

geometrically similar to the stack or duct cross section and 

is no greater than 1 percent of t he stack or duct cross -

sectional area . 

3 . 3 Con einuous Emission Moni coring System means the 

total equipment required for the determination of a gas 

concentration or emission rate . The sample interface , 

VES009849 
1537 

pollutant anal yzer, diluent analyzer, and data recorder are 

the major subsystems of the CEMS . 

3 . 4 Data Recorde1· means t hat portion of the CEMS that 

provi des a permanent record of the analyzer output . The 

data recorder may include automatic data reduction 

capabilit ies. 

3.5 Diluent Anal y zer means tha t portion of the CEMS 

that senses the diluent gas (i .e., C02 or 02 ) and generates 

an output proportional to the gas concentration. 

3 . 6 Path CEMS means a CEMS that measures the gas 

concent rat i on along a path greater t han 10 percent of the 

equi valent diameter of the stack or duct cross section. 

3 . 7 Poinc CEMS means a CEMS that measures the gas 

concentration either a t a single point or along a pa t h equal 

t o or less than 10 percent of the equivalent diamete r of the 

stack or duct cross section. 

3 . 8 Pollutant Analyzer means that porti on of the CEMS 

that senses the pollutant gas and generates an output 

proportional to t he gas concentration. 

3 . 9 Relative Accuracy (RAJ means the absolute mean 

difference between the gas concentrat ion or emission rate 

determined by the CENS and the value determined by the 

reference method (RN) , plus t he 2 . 5 percent error confidence 

VES009850 
1538 

coefficient of a s eries of tests, divi ded by the mean of the 

RM tests or the applicable emission limit. 

3.10 Sample Interface means that portion of the CEMS 

used for one or more of the following : sample acquisition, 

sample delive ry, sampl e conditioni ng, or protection of t he 

monitor from t he effects of t he stack e f fluent . 

3 . 11 Span Value means the concentration specified for 

the affected source category in an applicable subpart of t he 

regulations that is used to set the calibration gas 

concentrat ion and i n determining calibrat ion d.rift. 

4 . 0 Interferences. [Reserved ) 

5 . 0 Safety. 

The procedures required under this performance 

specification may involve hazardous ma terials, operations, 

and equipment . This performance specification may not 

address all o f t he safety problems a ssociated with these 

procedures. It i s the responsibility of the user to 

establish appropriate safet y and healt h practices and 

det ermine the applicable regulatory limitations prio r to 

performing these procedures. The CE~ s user ' s manual and 

materials r ecommended by the ref e r ence method should be 

consul ted for specifi c precautions to be taken . 

6 . 0 Equipment and Supplies. 

6. 1 CEMS Equipment Specifications. 

VES009851 
1539 

6. 1.1 Data Re corder Scale . The CE~IS data recorder 

output range must include zero and a high-level value. The 

high- level val ue is chosen by the source owne r or operator 

and i s defined as follows : 

6 . 1.1 . 1 For a CEMS intended to measure an 

uncontrolled emission (e . g . , so, measurements a~ the i nlet 

of a flue gas desulfurization unit) , t he high-level value 

should be between 1 . 25 and 2 times the maximum potent1al 

emission level over the appropriate averaging time, unless 

otherwise s pecified i n an applicable subpart of the 

regulations. 

6. 1 . 1 . 2 For a CEMS inst alled to measure controlled 

emiss ions or emissions that are in compliance ><ith an 

applicable regulation, the high- level value between 1 . 5 

times the pollutant concentration corresponding to the 

emission standard level and the span value given in the 

applicable regulations is adequate . 

6. 1 . 1 . 3 Alternative hi gh-leve l val ues may be used, 

provided t he source can measure emissions vlhich exceed the 

full-scale limi t in accordance with the requirements o f 

appli cable regulations . 

6. 1 . 1 . 4 If an analog data r ecorder is used, the data 

recorder output must be established so that the high-level 

value would read between 90 and 100 percent of the data 

VES009852 
1540 

recorder f ull scale . (This scale requirement may not be 

applicable t o digital data recorders. ) The zero and hi gh 

level cal ibration gas, optical fil ter, or cell values should 

be used to establish the data recorder scale. 

6 .1 . 2 The CEMS design s houl d also allow t he 

determi na tion of calibration drift a t the zero and highlevel values. If this i s not possi ble or practical, the 

design must allow these determinations to be conducted at a 

low-level va l ue (zero t o 20 percent of the high-level value) 

and a t a value between 50 and 100 percent of the high-level 

val ue . In specia l cases, t he Administrator may approve a 

single-point calibration-drift determina tion. 

6. 2 Other equipment and supplies, as needed by the 

applicable reference method(s) (see Section 8 . 4 . 2 of this 

Performance Specification) , may be r equired. 

7. 0 Redgents and Standards. 

7.1 Reference Gases, Gas Cells, or Opt ical Filters. 

As specified by the CEMS manufacturer for calibration of 

the CEMS (these need not be certified) . 

7 . 2 Reagents and Standards . May be required as needed 

by the applicabl e reference method{s) (see Secti on 8 . 4 . 2 of 

t his Performance Specification) . 

8 . 0 Performance Specification Test Procedure . 

VES009853 
1541 

8 . 1 Installation and Measurement Location 

Specifica tions. 

S.l . l CEMS Installation. Instal l t he CEMS at an 

accessible location where the poll ut ant concentration or 

emission rate measurements are directl y representative or 

can be corrected so as to be representative of the total 

emissions from the affected fac i lity or at the measurement 

location cross secti on . Then sel ect representative 

meas ur ement points o r paths for monitoring in locations that 

the C&MS will pass the RA test (see Secti on 8 . 4) - I f the 

cause of failure to meet the RA test is determi ned to be the 

measurement locati on and a satisfactory correction technique 

cannot be established, the Administrator may require the 

CEMS to be r elocated . Suggested measurement loca t i ons and 

points or paths that are most l ikely t o provide data t hat 

wil l meet the RA r equirements a r e l i sted below. 

8 . 1 . 2 C£MS Measurement Location . lt is suggested 

that the measurement location be (1) at least two equivalent 

diame t ers downstream from t he nearest control device, the 

point of pollutant generation , or other point a t which a 

change in the pollutant concentration or emission rate may 

occur and (2) at least a half equivalent diameter upstream 

from the e f f l uent exhaust or control device . 

8 . 1.2 . 1 Point CEMS . It is suggested that the 

measurement point be (1) no l ess than 1 . 0 meter (3 . 3 ftl 

VES009854 
1542 

from the stack or duct wa ll or (2) withi n or centrally 

located over the centroidal area of the stack or duct cross 

section . 

8 . 1. 2 . 2 Path CEHS . It is suggested that the 

e ffective measurement path (1) be totally within the i nner 

area bounded by a line 1 . 0 meter (3.3 ft) from the stack or 

duct wall, or {2) have at least 70 percent of the path 

within the inner 50 percent of the stack or duct crosssectional area, or (3) be centrally located over any par t of 

the centroidal area . 

8 . 1.3 Reference Method Heasurement Location and 

Traverse Points. 

8. 1 . 3 . 1 Select, as appropri ate, an accessible RM 

me asurement point a t least two equivalent diameters 

downstream f rom the nearest control device, the point of 

pollutant generation, or other point a t which a change in 

the pollutant concentration or emission rate may occur, and 

at l east a half equivalent diameter upstream from the 

effluent exhaust or contr o l device . When pollutant 

concentration changes are due solely to d iluent leakage 

(e . g . , air heater leakages) and pollutants and diluents are 

simultaneously measured at the sa.me location, a hal f 

diame t er may be used in l ieu of t wo equival ent diameter s . 

The CEHS and RH locations need not be the same. 

VES009855 
1543 

8 . 1.3.2 Select t raverse points that assure 

acquisition of r epresentative samples over the stack or duct 

cross section. The minimum requirements are as follows: 

E:stablish a "measurement line" that passes through the 

centroidal area and in the direction of any expected 

stratification . If this line interf eres ~<ith the CEMS 

measurements, displace the line up to 30 em (12 in . ) (or 5 

percent of the equivalent diameter of the cross section, 

whichever is less) from the centroida l area. Locate three 

traverse points a t 16 . 7, 50 . 0, and 83 . 3 percent of t he 

measurement line . lf t he measurement line is l onger than 

2.4 meters (7 . 8 ft) and polluta nt strat ification i s not 

expected, the three traverse points may be located on the 

line at 0 . 4, 1 . 2, and 2 . 0 meters f rom the stack or duct 

wa l l. This option must not be used after wet scrubbers or 

at poi nts where t•m streams with different pollutant 

concentrations are combi ned . I f strati f ication is 

suspected, the f ollowing procedure is suggested. For 

rectangular ducts, locate at least nine sample points in the 

cross section such that sample points are the centroids of 

similarly-shaped, equal area divisions of the cross section. 

Neasure the pollutant concentration, and, if applicable, the 

diluent concentration a t each point using appropriate 

reference methods or other appropriate instrument methods 

that give responses relative to pollutant concent rations. 

VES009856 
1544 

Then calculate the mean value f or all s ample poin~s . for 

c ircul a r duc ts, conduct a 12- poi nt traverse (i . e ., six 

points on e ach of t he two pe rpendi cul ar diame ters) locating 

the s ampl e points as described in 40 CFR 60, Appendi x A, 

Method 1 . Perform the measurement s and calculations as 

described above . Determine if the mean pollutant 

concentration is more than lOt different from any single 

point . I f so, the cross section i s considered to be 

strati fied , and the tester may not use t he a lternative 

t r averse point l ocations ( ... 0 . 4, 1.2, a nd 2 . 0 mete rs from 

the stack or duct wall . ) but must use t he t hr ee traverse 

poi nt s a t 16 . 7, 50 . 0, and 83 . 3 percent of the entire 

me asurement line . Other traverse poi nt s may be selected, 

provided that they can be shown t o t he satisfaction of the 

A~~i nistr ator to provide a representative sample over the 

stack or duct cross section. Conduct all necessary RM tests 

within 3 em (1.2 in . ) of the traverse poi nts, but no closer 

than 3 em (1 . 2 in . ) to the stack or duct wall . 

8 . 2 Pr etest Prepara tion . I nstall the CEMS, prepare 

t he RM t est si t e a ccording to t he spec i ficati ons in Sect ion 

8 .1, and prepare the CEMS for operation according to the 

manufacturer' s written instr uctions. 

8 . 3 Calibra~ion Drift Test Pr ocedure . 

8 . 3 . 1 CD Test Peri od . Whi le the affec~ed facility is 

opera t ing a t more than 50 percent of nor mal load, or as 

VES009857 
1545 

specified in an applicable subpart, dete~ne the magnitude 

of t he CD once each day (at 24 - hour intervals) for 7 

consecutive days a ccording to the procedure given i n 

Sectio ns 8 . 3.2 t hrough 8 . 3 . 4. 

8 . 3 . 2 The purpose of t he CD me a s urement is to veri fy 

the ability of the CEMS to conform t o the established CIOMS 

calibration used for determining the emission concentration 

or emission rate . Therefore, if periodic automatic or 

manual adj ustments are made to t he CEMS zero and calibration 

settings, conduct the CD test immediatel y before these 

adj ustments, or conduct it i n such a way that t he CD can be 

de termined . 

8 . 3 . 3 Conduct the CD t est at the two points specified 

in Section 6 . 1 . 2 . Introduce to the CEMS the reference 

gases, gas cells, or optical filters (these need not be 

certified! . Record t he CEHS response and subtract this 

value from the reference value (see example data sheet in 

Figure 2- 1) . 

8 . 4 Relative Accuracy Test Procedure . 

8 . 4 . 1 RA Test Period . Conduct the RA test according 

to the proc edure given in Secti ons 8.4.2 through 8 . 4 . 6 while 

the affected facility is operating at more than 50 percent 

of normal load, or as specified in an applicable subpart. 

The RA test may be conducted during the CD test period . 

VES009858 
1546 

0. 4 . 2 Referen ce Me thods . Unless otherwise s pecified 

in an applicable subpart of the regulations, Methods 38, 4, 

6 , and i , or their approved alterna tives, are the reference 

methods for diluent (02 and C02 ) , moisture, S~, and NO., 

respectivel y . 

8. 4 . 3 Sampling Strategy fo r R~l Tests . Conduct the RM 

t ests in such a way that they will yield results 

representative of the emissions from t he source and can be 

correlated to the C~!S data . It i s preferable to conduct 

the diluent (if applicable ) , moisture (if needed) , and 

pollutant measurements simultaneously . However , di l uent and 

moisture measurements that are taken «it hi n an hour of the 

pollutant measurements may be used to cal culate dry 

pollutant concentration and emission rates. In order to 

correlate t he CEMS and RM data p roperly, note the beginning 

and end of each RM test period of each run (including the 

exact time of day) on the CEMS chart recordings or other 

permanent record of ou tput . Use the f oll owing strategies 

for the RM tests: 

8 .4. 3 . 1 for integrated samples (e . g. , Methods 6 and 

Me t hod 4), make a sample traverse of at least 21 minutes, 

sampling for an equal t i me at each traverse point (see 

Section 8 . 1 . 3 . 2 f or discussion of traverse poi nts. 

VES009859 
1547 

8.4 .3 . 2 For grab samples (e . g . , Method 7) , take one 

sample at each traverse point, scheduling the grab samples 

so that t he y are t aken simultaneously iwithin a 3-minute 

period) or at an equal interval of time apart over the span 

of t i me the CEM pollutant is measured. A test run for grab 

samples must be made up of at least three separate 

measurements. 

NOTE: At times, CEMS RA tests are conducted during 

new source performance standards pe r formance tests. In 

these cases, IU-1 results obtained during CEMS RA tests may be 

used t o dete rmine compliance as l ong as the source and test 

cond itions are consi stent wit h the applicable regul ations . 

8 . 4 . 1 Number of RM 1'ests. Conduct a minimum of nine 

sets of all necessary RM test runs . 

NOTE: More than nine sets of fu~ tests may be 

performed . I f this option is chosen, a maximum of three sets 

of the test results may be rejected so long as the total 

number of t est results used to determine the RA is greater 

t han or equal to nine . However, all data must be report ed, 

incl uding t he re jected data . 

8 . 4 . 5 Correlation of RM and CEMS Da ta . Correl ate t he 

CEMS and the RM test data as to the time and duration by 

first determining from the CEMS final output (the one used 

for reporting) the integrated aver age pollutant 

VES009860 
1548 

concentration or emission rate for each pollutant RM test 

period . Consider system response time, if impoctant, and 

confirm tha t the pair of results a re on a consistent 

moist ure, temperature, and diluent concent r ation basis. 

Then, compare each integrated CEMS value against the 

corresponding average RM value . Use the following 

guidelines to make these c~~arisons . 

8 . 4 . 5 . 1 If the RM has an integrated sampling 

technique, make a direct comparison of t he RM resul ts and 

~IS integra ted average value . 

8.4.5 . 2 If the RM has a gr ab s ampling technique , 

first average the results from a l l grab samples taken during 

the test run, and then compa re this average value against 

the integrated value obtained from the CEMS chart recording 

or output during the run . If the pollutant concentration is 

varying with time over the run, the arithmetic average of 

the CEMS value recorded at the time of each grab sample may 

be used . 

8 . 4 . 6 Calculate the mean difference bet ween the RM 

and CEMS values in the units of t he emission standard, t he 

standard deviation, the confidence coefficier1L, and the 

relative accuracy according to the procedures in Section 

12 . 0. 

8 .5 ReporLing . At a minimum (check with the 

appropriat e r egional office, State, or Local agency for 

VES009861 
1549 

additional requirements, if any) , summarize in tabular form 

the results of the CD tests and the RA test s or alternative 

RA procedure, as appropriate . Include all data sheets, 

calculations, charts (records of CEMS responses) , cylinder 

gas concentrat i on certifications, and calibration cell 

response certifications (if applicable) necessary to confirm 

that the performance of the CEMS met the performance 

specifications. 

9 . 0 Quality Control . (Reserved ] 

10 . 0 Calibration and Standardizati on . [Reserved] 

11 . 0 Anal ytical Procedure . 

Sampl e collection and analysis are concurrent for this 

Performance Specification (see Section 8 . 0) . Refer to the 

RM for specific analytical procedures. 

12. 0 Calculations and Data Analysis. 

Summarize the results on a data sheet similar to that 

shown in Figure 2-2 (in Section 18 . 0) . 

12 . 1 All data from the RN and CEMS must be on a 

consistent dry basis and, as appli cable , on a consistent 

diluent basis and in the units of the emission standard . 

Correct t he RM and CEMS deta for moist ure and diluent as 

follows : 

12 . 1 . 1 Moisture Correction (as applicable). Correct 

each wet RM run for moisture with t:he corresponding Hethod 4 

VES009862 
1550 

data; correct each wet CEiMS run using t he corresponding CENS 

moisture monitor date usi ng Equation 2-1. 

Concentration Con=.entration • t"»tt) 

(dryl (1-BIIS) Eq. 2-1 

1 2 . 1 . 2 Correction to Units of Standard (as 

applicable) . Correct each dry Rl'l run to the units of the 

emission standard with t he corresponding Method 38 data ; 

correct each dr y CEMS run using the corresponding CEMS 

diluent monitor data as follows : 

1 2. 1 . 2 . 1 Cor rect to Diluent Basi s . The following i s 

an e xample of concentra tion {ppm) correction to 7% oxygen . 

[ 20 . 9-7.0 l ppm(OOU) : ppm(UtiOCrtl 20 9 •o . -. ., .. ..,. 

Eq. 2-2 

The following is an example of mass/gross calorific 

value (lbs/million Btu) correction. 

lbs/MM!!tu ; Cone,.,,, (F-factor) (20 . 9/20 . 9- '1102 ) 

12 . 2 Arithmetic Mean . Ca lcula te the arithme tic mean 

of the difference , d , of a da t a set as follo•As : 

-

d = -1 tr d 

n •t 1 Eq. 2-3 

where: 

n ~ Number of data points. 

n L d1 = Algebraic summation of the i ndividual differences d1 . 

1•1 

VES009863 
1551 

12 . 3 Standard Deviation . Calculate t he standard 

deviation, s., as follows: 

s = ~ 

Eq. 2-4 

12.4 Confi dence Coefficient. Calculat e the 2 . 5 

percent error confidence coefficient (one- tailed) , CC, as 

follows: 

Eq. 2-5 

where : o.~ •s = t - value (see Table 2- 1) . 

12 . 5 Relative Accuracy . Calculate the RA of a set of 

data as follows : 

Eq. 2-6 

where : 

ldl c Absolute value of the mean differences (from 

Equa tion 2- 3). 

ICC I= Absolute val ue of t he confidence coefficient 

(from Equation 2- 3) . 

VES009864 
1552 

Average RM ve l ue . In cases where the 

average emissions for the test are less than 

50 percent of the applicable standard, 

substitute the emission standard value in 

the denominator of Eq . 2-6 in place of RM. 

In all other cases, use ~1 . 

13. 0 Method Performance. 

13 . 1 Calibration Drift Performance Specification. 

The CEMS calibration must not drift or deviate from the 

reference value of t he gas cylinder, gas cell, or optical 

fil ter by mo r e than 2.5 percent of t he span value . If t he 

CEMS includes pollutant and diluent monitors, the CD must be 

determined separately for each in terms of concentrations 

(See Performance Specification 3 for the diluent 

specificati ons) , and none of the COs may exceed the 

specification . 

13 . 2 Rela t i ve r,ccuracy Performance Specification. 

The RA of the CEMS must be no greater t han 20 percent when 

~ is used in the denominator of Eq. 2- 6 (average emissions 

during test are greater than 50 percent of the emission 

standard) or 10 percent when the a pplicable emission 

standard i s used in t he denominator of Eq. 2-6 (aver age 

emissions during test are less than 50 percent of the 

emission standard) . 

VES009865 
1553 

13.3 For instruments that use common components to 

measure mo re than one effluent gas const ituent, all channels 

must simul taneously pass the RA r equirement, unless it can 

be demonst rated that any adjustments made to one channel did 

not affect the others. 

14.0 Pollution Pre vention. [Reserved] 

.15 . 0 Waste Management . (Reserved) 

16.0 Alternative Procedures. 

Paragraphs 60.1J(j) (1) and (2) of 40 CFR part 60 

contain criteria for wh i ch t he reference method procedure 

for determining relative accuracy (see Section 8.4 of this 

Performance Specification) may be waived and the followi ng 

p rocedure substituted. 

16 .1 Conduct a comp l ete CENS status check follo>Iing 

the manufacturer's written i nstruct ions. The check should 

incl ude operation of the light source, signal rece iver, 

t imi ng mechanism functions, data acquisition and data 

reduction functions, data recorders, mechanically operated 

func t ions (mirror movements, zero pipe operati on, 

cali bration gas val ve operations, etc . ) , sample filters, 

sampl e line heaters, moisture traps, and other rel ated 

functions of the CE~IS, as applicable . All parts of the CEMS 

shall be funct ioning properly before proceeding to the 

alternative RA procedure. 

YES009866 
1554 

16. 2 Alternative RA Procedure . 

16.2.1 Challenge each monitor (both pollutant and 

diluent, if applicabl e) with cylinder gases of known 

concentrations or calibration cells that produce kno<vn 

responses at two measurement points within the ranges 

shown in Table 2- 2 (Sect ion 18). 

16.2 .2 Use a separate cylinder gas (for point CE~IS 

only) or calibration cell (for path CEMS or where compressed 

gas cylinders can not be used) for measurement points 1 and 

2 . Challenge the CEMS and record the responses three times 

at each measurement point. The Administrator may allow 

dilut ion of cylinder gas using the performance c riteria in 

Test Method 205, 40 CoR Part 51, Appendix M. Use the 

average of t he three responses in determining relative 

accur acy . 

16.2.3 Operate each monitor in its normal samp ling 

mode as nearly as possible. When using cylinder gases, pass 

the cylinder gas through all filters, scrubbers, 

conditioners, and other monitor components used during 

normal sampling and as much of the sampling probe as 

practi cal . tqhen using calibration cells, t he CEMS 

components used in t he normal sampling mode shoul d not be 

by- passed during the RA de termination . These incl ude light 

sources, lenses, detectors, and reference cells. The CEMS 

should be challenged at each measurement point for a · 

VES009867 
1555 

suffic ient period of time to assure adsorption-desorption 

reactions o n the CEMS surfa ces have stabilized . 

16. 2 . 4 Use c yl inder gases t hat have been certified by 

comparison t o National I nstitute of St andards and Technology 

(NIST) gaseous standard reference material {SRI-!) or NI ST/El?A 

approved gas manufacturer ' s certified r e f erence material 

(CRM) {See Re ference 2 i n Section 17.0) fo llowi ng EPA 

Tr aceability Protocol Number 1 {See Refe r ence 3 in Section 

17 . 0) . As an alternative to Protocol Numbe r 1 gases, CRN's 

may be used directly as a lternat i ve RA cylinder gases. A 

list of gas manufacturers that have prepared approved CRM's 

is available f rom EPA at t he address shown in Re ference 2 . 

Procedures for pr eparat ion of C~ 's are described i n 

Refe rence 2 . 

16. 2 . 5 Use calibration cells certifi ed by the 

manufact ure r to produce a kno>m r esponse in the CEMS . The 

cell certificati on procedure s hall i nc l ude determination of 

CE~ S response produced by t he calibration cell in direct 

comparison with measurement of gases of known concentration. 

This can be accomplished using SR!>I or CRH gases in a 

labor a t ory source simulator or through extended tests using 

reference methods a t the CENS location in the exhaust st ack . 

These procedures are discussed i n Reference 4 in Section 

17.0. The calibration cell certi fication procedure is 

subj e ct t o approval of the Administrator. 

VES009868 
1556 

16 . 3 The differences between the known concent rations 

of the cylinder gases and t he concentrations indicated by 

the CEMS are used to assess the accuracy of the CEMS . The 

calculations and limits of acceptable relative accuracy are 

as follows : 

16 . 3 . 1 for poll utant CEMS : 

RA = I( A~ ) 1001 s; 15 percent Eq . 2-7 

where : 

d = 

AC = 

Average difference be tween responses and the 

concentration/responses {see Section 

16 . 2 . 2) . 

The known concentration/response of t he 

cylinder gas or calibration cell . 

16 . 3 . 2 fo r diluent CEMS : 

RA = ldl ~ 0 . 7 percent 02 or C02, as appl icable . 

NOTE : Waiver of t he r ela t i ve accuracy test in favor 

of the alternati ve RA procedure does not prec l ude the 

requirements to complete the CD tests nor any other 

requirements specified i n an applicable subpart fo r 

reporting CEMS data and performing CE~rs drift checks or 

audi t s . 

17 . 0 References. 

VES009869 
1557 

1 . Department of Commerce . Experimental Statistics . 

Handbook 91. Washington, D.C . p. 3-31, paragraphs 

3- 3 . 1.4 . 

2 . "A Procedure for Est ablishing Traceability of Gas 

Mi xtures to Cert ain Na tional Bureau of Standards Standard 

Reference Materials." Joint publication by NBS and EI?A . 

EPA 600/7-81-010 . Available from u.s. Environmental 

Protecti on Agency, Quali ty Assurance Division (MD-77) , 

Research Triangl e Park, North Carolina 27711 . 

3. "Traceability Protocol for Establishing True 

Concentrations of Gases used for Calibration and Audits of 

Continuous Source Emission Monitors . (Protocol Number 1) ." 

June 1978 . Prot ocol Number 1 is included in the Quality 

Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution J.teasurement Systems, 

Volume III, Stationary Source Specific Methods . EPA-600i4 -

77- 027b . August 1977 . 

4 . "Gaseous Continuous Emission Moni toring Systems -

Performance Specifi cation Guidelines for SO,, NO., C07 , o, 

and TRS . " EPA- 450/3-82-026 . Available from the u.s. EI?A, 

Emission Measurement Center, Emission Monit ori ng and Data 

Analysis Divisi on (MD- 19), Research Tri angl e Park, Nort h 

Carolina 27711 . 

18 . 0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data. 

VES009870 
1558 

TABLE 2 - 1. t-VALOES . 

n• t(l' 9'?.) n• to.g;s n• t:.. 9h 

2 12 . 706 7 2 . 447 12 2 . 201 

3 4. 303 8 2. 365 13 2 . 179 

4 3 . 182 9 2 . 306 14 2 . 160 

5 2 . 776 10 2 . 262 15 2. 145 

6 2 . 571 11 2.228 16 2. 131 

• The values in this table are already corrected for n-1 deqrees of 

freedom. use n equal to th~ number of individual v~lues . 

VES009871 
1559 

T-.ble 2- 2. Measurement Ranga . 

Measurement Pollutant Diluent Monitor fo r 

Point Moni t or 

co, 02 

1 20-30% of S- 8% by 4-6% by 

span va l ue vol ume vol ume 

2 50-60% of 10- 14% by 8-12% by 

span value volume volume 

Percent of 

Date Calibration Monit or span value 

Da y and Va l ue Va lue Dif ference (C-HI /Span 

T1me (CI (M) (C- 1) Value .x 

LOw- 100 

leve l 

Highlevel 

Figure 2- l. Calibration Drift Detennination . 

VES009872 
1560 

• • • . so, NO, C02 or o, so, NOs 

Run Da t e 

No. and RM CEMS DJ.ff Rl-1 CEMS Diff Rl-1 CEMS RM CEM DHf RM CEMS Diff 

Time s 

ppmr. ppm'" %<- ,. mass/GCV mass/GCV 

l 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

a 

9 

10 

11 

12 

Average 

Confidence Interval 

Accuracy -- - -----------

For •team generators ~ Average of three samples 

~ Make aure that RM and. CEMS dat.ll are on a consistent basis, either wet or dry . 

Figure 2-2. Relative Accuracy Determination. 

VES009873 
VES009874.pdf 
PROCEDURE 2-Quality Assurance Requirements for 

Particulate Matter Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stalionary Sources 

(40 CFR 6Q, Appendix F) 

Summary of Audit Requirements' 

Absolute Correlation Audjt CACA) (§§10.3(1), 10.3(2), 10.4(3)) 

• Frequency: quanerly 

Procedure: 

• Challenge PM CEMS 3 times at each of 3 audit points using separate audit standards 

• Accuracy must be "ithin ±10 percent of audit response or ±7 .5 percent of applicable staodard 

Use Equation 2·1• or 2-lb to calculate accuracy 

Sample Volume Audit(SVA) [§§10.3(3), 10.3(4), 10.4(4)] 

Applicability: extractive systems only 

Frequency: quanerly 

Procedure: 

Measure volume using calibrated device and compare to volume measured by PM CEMS 

For batch systems, must sample at least 3 cycles 

For continuous S}~ ems, must sample at least three 20-minute periods 

Accuracy must be within ±5 percent of measured volume 

Use Equation 24 to calculate accuracy 

Relative Resoonse Audjt CRRA) [§§ 10.3(5), 10.3(6), 10.4(6), 10.5(1)(ii)] 

Frequency: as specified in applicable rule or by permit 

• Procedure: 

Talce three reference method measurements and record PM CE!\'1S responses to each 

PM CEMS response for all 3 data points must be less than or equal to highest PM CEMS response used to 

develop correlation curve 

At least 2 of 3 responses must be within the PM CEMS response range used to develop correlation curve 

At least 2 of 3 responses must be widlin area defined by parallel lines ±25 percent of emission limit above 

and below correlation line 

If does not pass, perfonn RCA 

Response Correlation Audit CRCAl (§§10.3(7), 10.3(8), 10.4(5}, 10.5(1){iii), 10.6) 

Frequency: as specified in applicable rule or by permit 

Procedure: 

Same procedure as for correlation test specified in §8.6 ofPS-11, except with minimum ofl2 runs 

PM CEMS response for all 12 data points must be less than or equal to highest PM CEMS response used to 

develop correlation curve 

At least 9 of 12 responses must be within the PM CEMS response range used to develop correlation curve 

At least 75 percent of responses must be within area defined by parallel lines ±25 percent of emission limit 

above and below correlation line 

If does not pass: 

Combine data with original correlation test data to develop new correlation 

If still does not pass, use only the RCA data to develop new correlation 

If &till does not pas.<, investigate cause, take corrective action (see Section 1 0.6(3)) 

1 Requirements apply to all PM CEMS unless indicated o1herwise. 

VES009874 
VES009875.pdf 
TABLE 1. ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR EXPECTED HWC MACT OPERATING AND EMISSION LIMITS 

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VES009875 
TABLE 1. ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR EXPECTED HWC MACT OPERATING AND EMISSION LIMITS 

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VES009876 
VES009877 .pdf 
Standard Operating Procedure for Generating a 

Quantitative Multi-Metals Reference Aerosol with 

theCES QAG 

Prepared by: 

Cooper Eo>ironmental Ser>ices, LLC 

10180 SW Nimbus Blvd Suite J6 

Portland, Oregon 97223 

Revision 1.0 

June, 2005 

VES009877 
Standard Operating Procedure for Generating a 

Quantitative Multi-Metals Reference Aerosol with 

theCES QAG 

June 9, 2005 

DRAFT 

Submitted to: 

The Environmental Protection Agency 

Research Triangle Park, NC 

Prepared by: 

J.A. Cooper, B.E. Johnsen, K. Petterson, 

C. A. Yaoca, M. Nakanishi, D. Barth 

Cooper Environmental Services 

10180 SW Nimbus Blvd Suite J6 

Portland, Oregon 97223 

VES009878 
Standard Operating Procedure for Generating a 

Quantitative Multi-Metals Reference Aerosol with 

theCESQAG 

Prepared by: Date: _ _ _ 

Catherine A. Yanca, Environmental Scientist 

Reviewed by: Date: __ _ 

Krag A. Petterson, Em•lronmental Sdentlst 

Reviewed by: Date: __ _ 

Bruce E. J ohnson, QA Manger 

Approved by: Date: __ _ 

John A. Cooper, Director 

VES009879 
Executive Summary 

The QAG is a reference aerosol generator that produces a NIST-traceable aerosol of known 

analyte concentration. In the QAG, a NIST-traceable or equivalent solution containing au 

analyte or analytes of interest is conveyed to an aspirator where it is combined with a gas and 

nebulized to fonn an aerosol of liquid droplets. The smaller droplets continue through the 

system and are dried. The resulting salt particles and! or vapors are then emitted from the 

system as a reference aerosol of known concentration. Specifically, the QAG is used to 

generate a NIST -traceable reference aerosol that contains a known concentration of metal. 

This method can be used to spike controlled and uncontrolled emissions as well as laboratory 

air for the purpose of evaluating the accuracy and precision of aerosol measurement methods 

and! or calibration of methods. 

Tite QAG's generated aerosol concentration ( c,•-fl.AG) is process traceable to NIST through 

the traceability of its components. The generated concentration is a function of the 

concentration of the solution standard ( crC~Ao ), total flow rate (F,), rate of mass loss of the 

solution (R.,), and rate of vapor loss (R,). Process traceability to NIST is established by using 

instruments that are NIST-traceable (e.g., calibrated with NIST standards) to measure these 

parameters. One exception is the standard solution used to generate the aerosol; solutions 

with NIST -traceable accuracies are either prepared in the laboratory or purchased from an 

outside vendor. 

There are five major components of a nebulizer-based QAG, as described below: 

I. The standard solution control system is required to transport the analyte-containing 

solution to tlte point ofnebnlization. This system is needed to regulate the flow of the 

solution from the reservoir to the nebulization cup and determine the solution mass 

loss rate. A peri~1altic pump is included for cycling dte NIST -traceable solution 

through the nebulizer cup as well as a laptop connected to a balance for measming the 

mass loss of the solution. 

2. The nebulizer air control system is used to establish and measme the flow, 

temperature, pressure and saturation of the air used in the nebulization process (i.e., 

nebulizer air). This section of the QAG uses filtered and saturated compressed air to 

create the initial solution droplet aerosol. 

3. An ice bath for is needed to maintain the temperature oftbe nebulizer air at or near 

32°F. 

4. The nebulizer and vapor size control system is used for creation of the aerosol. It 

consists of drree major components: the nebulizer cup, the nebulizer and nebulizer 

nozzle and the nebulizer settling-equilibrating chamber. 

The nebulizer cup conta.ins the standard solution. This solution is continuously 

circulated from the nebulizer cup to an external reservoir in order to minimize the 

impact of vapor loss on solution concentration and allow for determination of the 

solution mass loss rate. The standard solution is aerosolized by a nebulizer, located 

inside the nebulizer cup. The nebulization process creates a droplet spray containing 

lnstrumetual Melflod fOI' :l QAG: VI.O Page i of vi 

VES009880 
a wide range of droplet sizes. The largest droplets impact on the walls of the 

nebulizer cup and are recycled. The smaller droplets are entrained in the nebulizer air 

flow and pass into the settling-equilibration chamber. The function of the nebulizer 

settling-equilibration chamber is to remove and recycle all droplets greater than 30 

m in diameter as well as to assure droplet-vapor equilibrium at 32°F. Thus, the only 

droplets emitted into the drying chamber have diameters less than 30 lim and have 

been equilibrated with water vapor at 32°F. 

5. The drying air and drying chamber with temperature and flow control is needed for 

drying the liquid aerosol into salt particles. Heated CDA (tenned "drying air") is 

introduced into the drying chamber for this purpose. 

The final product of the QAG is an aerosol containing dried salt particles of the analyte or 

analytes. The concentration of the analytes in the aerosol and the concentration uncertainty 

are calculated from the QAG's recorded parameters. The uncertainty of the generated 

aerosol concentration is determined using standard propagation of error techniques relevant 

to those parameters. The uncertainty values for the parameters are those listed as certified 

uncertainties by the manufacturers and/or NIST. 

lnslrum(fttal Mctbod fOr~ QAG: VI.O Page ii of vi 

VES009881 
Table of Contents 

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. i 

List of Symbols .................. w .................................................................................................... v 

List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... vi 

1.0 Principle and Applicability ........................................................................................ 1 

1. 1 Principle ................................................................................................................ I 

1.2 Applicability ......................................................................................................... I 

2.0 Range of Emission Cbaracteristic.s ............................................................................ 1 

2.1 Concentration ........................................................................................................ I 

2.2 Flow ...................................................................................................................... I 

2.3 Particle Size .......................................................................................................... I 

2.4 Temperature .......................................................................................................... I 

2.5 Species .................................................................................................................. I 

3.0 Definitions .................................................................................................................... 2 

4.0 Operational Specifications ......................................................................................... 4 

4.1 Nebulizing Air Flow Rate (Fe) ............................................................................. 4 

4.2 Nebulizing Air Pressure (P ,) ................................................................................. 4 

4.3 Nebulizing Air Temperature ................................................................................. 4 

4.4 Nebulizer Cup Temperature .................................................................................. 4 

4.5 lee Bath Temperature ............................................................................................ 4 

4.6 Drying Air Flow Rate ........................................................................................... 4 

4.7 Drying Air Temperallore ....................................................................................... 4 

5.0 NIST-Traceable Specifications .................................................................................. 4 

5 .I Mass Loss .............................................................................................................. 5 

5.2 Flow Rate .............................................................................................................. 5 

5.3 Rate of Vapor Loss ............................................................................................... 5 

5.4 Solution ................................................................................................................. 5 

6.0 Apparatus .................................................................................................................... 6 

6.1 Quantitative Aerosol Generator ............................................................................ 6 

6.2 Standard Solution Control System ........................................................................ 6 

6.3 Nebulizer Air Control System .............................................................................. 7 

6.4 Ice Bath ................................................................................................................. 8 

Page iii of vi 

VES009882 
6.5 Nebulizer and Vapor Size Control System ........................................................... 8 

6.6 Drying Air and Drying Chamber System ............................................................. 9 

7.0 Supplies ................ -..... -.. -.. -·-·········· ... ················"·""""""""'"""'""'"" "'""''"'"'" 10 

7 .I Standard Solutions .............................................................................................. I 0 

7.2 Compressed Air .................................................................................................. I I 

7.3 lee Bath ............................................................................................................... I I 

8.0 Pre-Test Performance Evaluation Procedures-................ -..... -........ -........ -........ 11 

8. 1 Pre-Test Laboratory Preparation ......................................................................... I I 

8.2 Pre-Test Field Preparation .................................................................................. 12 

8.3 Solution Concentration and Flow Rate Determination ....................................... 13 

8.4 Solution Sample .................................................................................................. 13 

9.0 Gener ation of a Reference Aerosol with NIST-Traceable Accuracy ......... -........ 13 

9 .I System Preparation ............................................................................................. I 3 

9.2 Solution Exchange .............................................................................................. 14 

9. 3 Flow Rate and Temperature AdjnSl!Dents ........................................................... I 4 

9.4 Aerosol Generation and Perfonnance Monitoring .............................................. 14 

9.5 Docwuentation ofPerfonuance .......................................................................... 14 

9.6 Shut-down ........................................................................................................... 15 

9. 7 Post-Test Procedures........................................................................................... I 5 

10.0 Calculations ............................................................................................................ _. 15 

I 0.1 Generated Aerosol Concentration ....................................................................... 15 

10.2 Generated Aerosol Concentration Uncertainty ................................................... 16 

10.3 Solution Concentration and Flow Rate Set Points .............................................. 17 

I 0.4 Aerosol Emission Size ........................................................................................ 17 

l J .0 Documentation of Quality Control and Assurance ............................................... 18 

11. 1 Certifications ....................................................................................................... 18 

II .2 Field Data Records .............................................................................................. 18 

12.0 PoDutlon Prevention ................................................................................................. 18 

13.0 Waste Management .................................................................................................. 18 

14.0 Figures and Tables .................................................................................................... 19 

15.0 References ..... -.... -..... -............ -..................... _ ............................................ -........... 23 

Page iv of vi 

VE$009883 
List of Symbols 

c;-f!AG = Concentmtion of the i~' element in the reference aerosol generated by the QAG. 

crQAG = Concentmrion of the ;>b element in the standard solution used for the QAG. 

D,,. = Diameter of the liquid droplets in the aerosol. 

D,,. = Diameter of the salt particles in the aerosol. 

F; = Flow of expanded nebulizer air in the QAG. 

F. Total combined flow of the nebulizer air and drying air in the QAG. 

M,. Mass of water vapor in a liter of saturated air. 

?, = Absolute pressure of the compressed nebulizer air in the QAG. 

P. = Pressure of the expanded nebulizer a ir in the QAG. 

R., = Total rate of solution mass loss for the QAG. 

R, = Rate of vapor Joss of the QAG standard solution. 

p ,.,, = Density of the analyte salt in the QAG. 

P liq = The density of the liquid droplet in the QAG. 

cr = One standard deviation. 

llts(rurnental t>.·lelhod ror o QAG: VJ.O Page v of vi 

VES009884 
List of Figures 

Figure 1: A. Schematic oftlowtbrough QAG components. B. Overview of the set-up of the 

CESQAG .............................................................................................................. 19 

Figure 2: Schematic of the CES QAG standard solution control system ............................... 19 

Figure 3: Schematic of the CES QAG nebulizer air control system ....................................... 20 

Figure 4: Schematic of the CES QAG nebulizer and droplet size control system . ................ 20 

Figure 5: Schematic of the CES QAG drying air and drying chamber system . ..................... 21 

lnsttumenf:il Melhod for :1 QAO: V 1.0 Page vi of vi 

VES009885 
1.0 Principle and Applicability 

J.J Principle 

A solution containing an analyte or analytes of interest is conveyed to an aspirator where it is 

combined with a gas and nebulized to form an aerosol of liquid droplei:S. The smaller 

droplets continue through the system and are dried. The resulting salt particles and/or vapors 

are then emitted from the system as a reference aerosol ofNIST-traceable concentration. 

1.2 Applicflbility 

This method is applicable to spiking controlled and uncontrolled emissions as well as 

laboratory air for the purpose of evaluating the accuracy and precision of aerosol 

measurement methods and/or calibration of methods. 

2.0 Range of Em.ission Characteristics 

2. I Concentration 

The concentration of an analyte in the generator emissions can range between 0.001 and 

1 OOO~tglm' depending on the solution concentration, nebulizer configuration and the total 

flow of air through the Cooper Environmental Services (CES) quantitative aerosol generator 

(QAG). 

2.2 Flow 

The total flow of emissions can range from 10 to 1000 slpm. Total flow is dependent on the 

nebulizer configuration, nebulizer air flow and the flow of drying air. 

2.3 Panicle Size 

The size of the dried salt particles is determined by the solution concentration and the liquid 

droplet size. The QAG should be operated such that the estimated physic-al diameter of the 

salt particles is less than 3-4!!tn (Section l 0.4). 

2.4 Temperature 

The output temperature of the QAG emissions can be set between 200 and 400°F. 

Temperatures downstream of the QAG must be above tbe dew point of the emitted aerosol 

but can be as high as the req uired application. 

2.5 Species 

The QAG principles are generally applicable to a wide range of analytes and solvents 

(organic and inorganic). However, the application described in this method is for inorganic 

lns:lturnenuU Method for il QAG: VJ.O Page I of23 

VES009886 
metal salts in aqueous solutions. This can include soluble salts of elements ranging from 

atomic number 3 (Li) to 92 (U). 

3.0 Defmitions 

Aerosol Generator System: System in which analytes contained within a solution are 

aerosolized, separated based on size, dried, and emitted. 

Aerosol: A suspension of solids and/or liquids in a gas at various relative concentrations. 

Ana lyte: A species (element, metal, etc.) of interest in an analytical method. 

Analytically NIST Traceable Parameter: A farameter whose value is traceable to NJST 

through a measurement that is NIST traceable . 

AppUcable Concentration Range: The range of concentrations over which a QRAG must 

be able to produce an aerosol ofNIST-traceable or equivalent analyte concentration to be 

used for a given application. 

Aspiration: The process by which a liquid is drawn ftom a reservoir through a narrow rube 

by creating a vacuum above the tube with fast moving air. 

Atomization: The process of converting a liquid into small suspended droplets. 

Certified Concentration Range: Range of concentrations for which the QAG is certified. 

Drying Air: Air added to the QAG at the point of tbe drying chamber that is used to help dry 

the aerosolized liquid droplets into salt particles. 

Genera ted Aerosol Concentration: The concentration of the aerosolized metal at the point 

of emission from the QAG. This concentration is a function of the solution concentration, 

total flow, rate of mass loss and rate of vapor loss; it can be calculated using Equation l. 

Key Component: A piece of equipment or instrument that measures any parameter used to 

determine the generated aerosol concentration. 

Linea rity: The degree to which two parameters are linearly related as determined by the 

value of the slope and correlation coefficient of a least squares regression analysis. 

Main Flow: Flow of gas duough the aerosol generator, transport/interface, and sampling 

system. 

Make Up Flow (Air or Stack Gas): Flow of air and/or stack gas added after the aerosol is 

emitted from the QAG either before or as part of the transport/interface system. 

n~rur:nco al Mt'tllod for a QAO: VI.O Page 2 of23 

VES009887 
Nebulization: A size-limiting atomization process in which larger droplets are removed from 

the aerosol through impaction or sedimentation prior to being emitted from a nebulizer. 

Nebulizer Air: Air flowing into the nebulizer that is combined with the NIST-traceable 

solution to create the aerosolized metals. 

NIST: The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. 

Particulate: A particle of solid or liquid matter. 

Process NIST Traceable: A parameter whose value is traceable to NIST through a 

procedure, the steps of which are each NIST traceable. 

Quantitative Aerosol Generator (QAG): An aerosol generator system that uses analytes of 

known concentrations in aqueous solution to create aerosol emissions of known metal 

concentrations. 

Quantitative Reference Aerosol Generator (QRAG): An aerosol generator which emits an 

aerosol of known analyte concentration that is NIST or equivalent traceable. 

Sampling System: A collection of integrated components designed to collect a portion of an 

aerosol that accurately represents an analyte concentration. 

Stability: Percent relative standard deviation of a value measured over ao extended period of 

time. 

Standard: Something established by authority, custom, or agreement for use as a rule or 

basis for comparison i.n measurement. 

Standard deviation: A paran1eter that indicates the way in which a probability function or a 

probability density function is centered around its mean and that is equal to the square root of 

the moment in which the deviation from the mean is squared. 

Total Flow: The combined flow of nebulizer air and drying air within the aerosol generation 

systern Total flow does not include air added to the transport system after the aerosol exits 

theQAG. 

Traceabillty to NIST: A documented procedure by which a measured response is related to 

a standard with an accuracy defined by and certified by the National Institute of Standards 

Technology (NJST). 

Traceability: A property of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it 

can be related to stated references, usually national or international standards, through an 

unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated uncertainties2 • 

Transport/Interface Component: That portion of a test arrangement that connects the 

QRAG to the point where the aerosol wiU he evaluated. 

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VES009888 
Uncertainty: An indication of the degree of reliability of a value usually expressed 

statistically (probability) as a multiple of the standard deviation of a setofmeasurements. 

Unless otherwise stated, the uncertainty in a mean value of a series of measurements will be 

the standard deviation. In the case of values based on calculations, the uncertainty in the 

value is equal to the propagated uncertainty based on the uncertainties in the parameters used 

in the calculations. 

4.0 Operational Specifications 

TI1e following operational specifications must be met to ensure the QAG is functioning 

properly and the generated aerosol concentration can be accurately detennined. 

4.1 Nebulizing Air Flow Rme (Fe) 

TI1e flow must be set between 10 and I I liters per minute corrected to 32°F. 

4.2 Nebulizing Air Pressure (P J 

The pressure must fall in the range of 15 to 20 psi-gauge. 

4.3 Nebulizing Air Temperature 

The temperature of the nebulizing air must be between 32 and 33°F. 

4.4 Nebulizer Cup Temperature 

Tbe nebulizer cup temperature must fall in the range of 30 to 34°F. 

4. 5 lee Bath Temperature 

The ice bath mnst be kept between 32 and 33°F. 

4.6 Drying Air Flow Rote 

The flow rate must be between 25 and 75 slpm. 

4. 7 Drying Ab· Temperalllre 

Tbe drying air temperature must be between 220 and 400°F. 

5.0 NIST-Traceable Specifications 

In addition to meeting tbe above operational specifications (Section 0), the QAG's 

pardmeters must be confrrmed as NJST -tmceable. The generated aerosol concentration is 

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VES009889 
process traceable to NIST through the traceability of the QAG's key components,. The 

aerosol concentration is a function of the concentration of the solution standard, total flow 

rate, rate of mass loss of the solution, and rate of vapor loss (Equation I and Equation 2). 

This process traceability to NIST is established by meeting the foUowing specifications: 

5.1 Mass Loss 

The QAG solution rate of mass loss (R,) is determined by the balance, which must be 

calibrated in the field with NIST-traceable mass standards. Balance readings must be± 1% 

ofdte standard value and certification of the mass standards must be current. 

5.2 Flow Rate 

The QAG's flow parameters, total flow rate (J?,) and flow rate of the expanded nebulizer air 

(F., used to calculate the rate of vapor loss (R,.); Equation 2), are measured by flow meters. 

The flow meters must be calibrated to± 2% in the field with a primary flow calibrator such 

as the DryCaJ<!!t. The NIST standard certification must be current. 

5.3 Rate of Vapor Loss 

The rate of vapor loss (R.) is dependent on the temperature and pressure of the expanded 

nebulizing air (P,) as well as the pressure of the compressed nebulizing air (P,; Equation 2). 

In addition, the vapor loss rate requires that the nebulizing air be sarurated with water vapor 

at 32°F. This is assured by measuring the temperarure of the nebulizing air with a NIST· 

traceable thermometer to confirm that it is 32 ± J•f. The condition of saturation is assured 

by first passing the nebulizer air through a bubbler at room temperature and then through a 

condenser at 32°F. 

5.3.1 Temperature 

The mass of water vapor in one liter of sarurated air is a referenced value at 32°F4• The 

operator must confirm that the temperature of the nebulizing air is measured using a 

NIST-standardized thermometer with current certification. 

5.3.2 Pressure 

The operator must confirm that the ambient pressure and the absolute pressure of the 

compressed nebulizing air upstream of the nebulizer are measured using a NISTtraceable pressure gauge with current certification. 

5.4 Sol111ion 

The analyte solution must be prepared using a NTST-traceable standard of the analyte(s). 

The operator must confinn that the standard certification has not expired. 

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VES009890 
6.0 Apparatus 

6.1 Qu.antiJative Aerosol Generator 

Use any aerosol generator to generate a reference aerosol that meets the specifications of this 

method. A schematic of the CES QAG is shown in Figme I. The five major components of 

a nebulizer-based QAG include: 

l. A standard solution control component required to regulate the flow of solution from 

the reservoir to the nebulization cup and detel1l1ination of the solution mass loss rate. 

2. A nebulizer air control component that establishes and measures the flow, 

temperature, pressure and saturation of the nebulizer air. 

3. An ice bath for maintaining temperature of the nebulizet air at or near 32°F. 

4. A nebulizer and vapor size control and equilibration. 

5. A drying air and drying chamber with temperature and flow control. 

6.2 Standard Solution Control System 

This section of the QAG includes a peristaltic pump to cycle the NIST-traceable solution 

through the nebulizer cup and a laptop connected to a balance for measuring the mass loss of 

the solution (Figme 2). 

6.2.1 Solution Reservoir 

The solution reservoir must be large enough to hold a minimum of I liter of solution 

and smaU enough to fit completely and securely on the balance. It must be insulated 

with foam to prevent moisture from condensing on the outside of the reservoir. Note: 

it is important that the extraction and return of solution tubing not touch any part of the 

reservoir. 

6.2.2 Solution Transport Line 

Noroprene or equivalent tubing is used to transport the solution through the solution 

system. 

6.2.3 Peristaltic Pttmp 

A two-headed peristaltic pump is used to circulate the NIST -traceable .solution between 

the solution reservoir and the nebulizer cup. The solution is pushed into the chamber at 

a rate of 15 ml/min and pulled out of the chamber at a rate of 17 mllmin. 

6.2.4 Balance 

The NIST -traceable solution and its reservoir are placed on a balance located next to 

the nebulizer/drying chamber assembly. The balance is used to measure the mass of 

the solution being condensed by the QAG. 

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VES009891 
6.2.5 Computer 

A computer is connected to the balance and is used to record the changing mass of the 

NIST-traceable solution continuously with custom software. These data are used to 

determine the rate of reservoir mass loss (R,.,), which is the slope of the recorded 

reservoir mass over time. 

6.3 Nebulizer Air Control System 

Tb.is section of the QAG uses compressed air to create the initial solution droplet aerosol 

(Figure 3). 

6.3.1 Nebulizing Air Lines 

Stainless steel, PFA or equivalent tubing is used to transport the nebulizing air through 

the saturator, impinger, and nebulizer. 

6.3.2 Filler Uuits 

Filter units are used to remove oil and other particles from the nebulizing air. 

6.3.3 Pressure Regulator 

Downstream of the filter uniiS, a precision pressure regulator is needed to control the 

pressure of air flowing into the QAG system to a nominal pressure of about 18 psi that 

is regulated to ± 0.5 psi-gauge. 

6.3.4 Flow Meter 

A flow meter is required for detemtining the flow rate of the compressed air which is 

used to calculate the flow rate of the expanded nebulization air (F,). This tlow rate 

which must be set to a pre-determined value based on the desired concentration of the 

aerosol emission (Section I 0.3). 

6.3.5 Ball Valve 

A manual two-way ball valve is used to shut-off the flow of air to the nebulizer. 

6.3.6 Ambient Temperature Saturator 

The ambient temperature saturator is a bubbler half-filled with water. The nebulizer air 

is pushed through a PFA-coated stainless steel chamber and is bubbled through water 

to assure saturation with water vapor at room temperature. The saturator should be 

checked and refilled at least once a day. 

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VES009892 
6. 3. 7 Condenser 

Nebulizing air passing through the condenser is cooled to and saturated at 

approximately 32"F. The condenser should be checked and emptied at least once a 

day. 

6.3.8 Pressure Gauge 

A NJST -traceable pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure of the compressed air 

flowing into the nebulizer (Pc). 

6.4 Ice Bath 

Downstream of the ambient temperature saturator, the nebulizer air is pushed into a container 

filled witi1 ice and water maintained at approximately 32" F. The condenser, nebulizer cup 

(which contains the nebulizer), and nebulizer settling-equilibration chamber are all housed 

within this container. The container should have a thermocouple and thermometer for 

monitoring the temperature of the ice bath and a drain to remove water. 

6.5 Nebulizer Droplet Size Contml System 

This section of the QAG consists of three major components (Figure 4): 

I. Nebulizer and nebulizer nozzle 

2. Nebulizer cup 

3. Nebulizer settling-equilibrating chamber 

6.5.1 Nebulizer and Nebulizer Nozzle 

A NIST-traceable solution of known metal concentration is aerosolized by a nebulizer, 

such as a Collison ebulize~. located inside the nebulizer cup (see Figure XX-2). The 

cooled and saturated nebulizing air leaves the condenser and is pushed through the 

nebulizer nozzles. The bottom of the nebulizer nozzle is located about 3/8 of an inch 

below the surface of the solution. The nebulizing air is forced across the surface of the 

capillary rube causing the solution to be drawn into the high velocity air stream. This 

proce$S creates a droplet spray containing a wide range of droplet sizes. The largest 

droplets impact on the walls of the nebulizer cup and are recycled. The smaller 

droplets are entrained in the nebulizer air flow and pass into the settling-equilibration 

chamber. 

6.5.2 Nebulizer Cup 

The nebulizer cup contains the standard solution. This solution is continuously 

circulated from the nebulizer cup to the external reservoir in order to minimize the 

impact of vapor loss on solution concentration and allow for determination of the 

solution mass loss rate. 

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VES009893 
A thermocouple atulched to the nebulizer cup is connected to a NIST-traceable 

thermometer in order to measure the temperature of the cup. The temperature of the 

c up must be kept at 32°F, which is the effective temperature of M., the tenn for the 

mass of water vapor in one liter of saturated air. 

6.5.3 Nebulizer Sealing-Equilibration Chamber 

The function of the nebulizer seuling-equilibration chamber is to remove and recycle 

all droplets greater than 30 !UD in diameter as well as to assure droplet-vapor 

equilibrium at 32°F. Thus, the only droplets emiUed into the drying chamber have 

diameters less than 30 11m and have been equilibrated with water vapor at 32°F. 

6.6 Drying Air and D1ying Chamber System 

The drying air is heated and used for drying the liquid aerosol into salt particles. In this part 

of the QAG, clean dry air (CDA) a ir is required (Figure 5). 

6.6.1 Drying Air Lines 

Stainless steel, PFA or equivalent tubing is used to transport the CDA through the rube 

beaters and into the drying chamber. 

6.6.2 Filter Units 

Filter units are used to remove oil and otlter particles from the drying air. 

6.6.3 Pres:mre Regulator 

The pressure regulator on the drying air line is used to adjust the flow of drying air to 

the desired flow rate. 

6.6.4 Drying Air Flow Meter 

The drying air flow meter is used to measure the drying air flow for the purpose of 

adjusting the pressure regulator. 

6.6.5 Tube Heaters 

The drying air is split into two lines downstream of the flow meter and each line is 

passed through a tube heater just before the air enters the dryiog chamber. Both beaters 

are maintained at 300 ± 200F. 

6.6.6 Dtying Air Ring 

After being heated by the tube heaters, the drying air enters the drying chamber 

through a series of holes in the drying air ring. The air increases the drying rate of 

liquid droplets and acts as an air curtain that keeps the droplets from impacting the 

chamber walls. 

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VES009894 
6.6.7 Drying Chamber 

The nebulized liquid droplets from the nebulizer settling-equilibration chamber are 

combined with the drying air in the drying chamber, which is heated to approximate ly 

250°F. The droplets are dried in the chamber and the resulting aerosolized metals are 

emitted into the transport system. 

6.6.8 Drying Chamber Heaters 

The drying chamber is heated by a tape heater or a blanket heater maintained at 

approximately 2500F. 

6.6.9 Flow Meter 

A flow meter is required for determining the total flow rate (F,). The user can 

detennine the total flow by either (I) measuring the drying air flow rate with a flow 

meter and adding this to the nebulizer air flow rate, or (2) measuring the main flow rate 

wid1 a Oow meter and subtracting all nows except the total Oow. 

7.0 Supplies 

7.1 Standard Solutions 

The QAG generates an aerosol with NISI-traceable accuracy based on the NISI-traceable 

accuracy of the standard solutions used. These solutions are consumed at a rate of about 5 to 

10 mlJhour. An adequate supply of solutions at various concentrations required by a test plan 

should be prepared prior to the testing. The primary requirements of these solutions are that 

(I) the accuracy of the analyte concentrations be NISI-traceable (2) the solutions be stable 

over the period of their use and (3) the calculated diameter of the resulting driod salt particles 

be less than 4J.1m (Section I 0.4). 

7.1.1 NIST-Traceahle Accuracy 

Solutions with NIST -traceable accuracies can be prepared in the laboratory or 

purchased from an outside vendor. Solution accuracies are generally expected to be 

better than 0.5% at the 95% confidence level. At these accuracies, uncertainties in 

standard solution concentrations are insignificant contributors to the uncertainty of the 

generated aerosol concentration. 

7.1.2 Standard Solurion Stability 

Tile stability of the standard solution over a period of months is generally assured if the 

metal analytes are prepared as nitrates in I% nitric acid solutions. Other metal anal)1e 

salts and acids may be used, but stability needs to be documented either b)• laboratory 

testing or by vendor certification. Particular care should be taken when using standard 

solutions with multiple analytes to assure analyte stability. 

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VES009895 
7.1.3 Solution Volume 

The volume of standard solution prepared should generally be at least 2 liters or more. 

Although only a fraction of this volume might be used, the larger volume is required by 

the solution reservoir to minimize solution concentration increases due to evaporation 

over the te$t period. Under normal operating conditions, the solution concentr•tion 

increase is less tl13n I% over test periods of about I 0 hours, or about 0. 1% per hour, 

which is usually insignificant for test periods of a few hours. 

7.1.4 Analyte CcmcenJralion 

The concentration of analytes in the standard solution is controlled so as to be less than 

the concentration that would result in dried salt particles with diameters greater than 

about 4J.lm (Section I 0.4). With nio·ates in nitric acid solutions, this will generally be 

the case if the dissolved solids are le<;s than about 500 to 1000 ppm. A single metal 

analyte concentration of about 100 ppm will result in an aerosol concentration of about 

100 J.1g/m3 if the typical QAG operating conditions are used with a total flow of about 

100 slpm. Thus, the QAG can be used to gener•te aerosols with multiple analytes in 

range of EPA emission standards without generating salt particles greater than about 

4J.lm in diameter that might otherwise have significant transport issues. 

7.2 Compressed Air 

The QAG requires at least 40 psi and 80 slpm (approximately 2 elm) of instrument air. 

Between 10-121pm are needed to maintain the flow of nebulizing air and between 25 and 75 

slpm are needed for the drying air flow, depending on the desired emission concenh<ttion. 

The selected compressed air source should be sufficient to meet the flow requirements for the 

desired tests runs. 

7.3 lee Bath 

The QAG requires ice sufficient for filling the ice bath container and maintaining the 

temperature of the nebulizer air at 32°F for the duration of the test. 

8.0 Pre-Test Performance Evaluation Procedures 

8.1 Pre-Tesl Laboratory Preparalion 

The following system checks and preparations must be conducted in the laboratory prior to 

shipping and assembling the QAG at a test site. 

8.1.1 Certification Check 

Confirm that aU required NlST-traceable certificates are valid. 

n~trumCI'lllll Mctbod fo1· a QAO: V 1.0 Page J I of23 

VES009896 
8.1. 2 Operations Check 

Confinn that the general operation of the QAG meets the manufacturer's 

specifications. 

8.1.3 A nalyte Solution Preparation 

Prepare a sufficient amount of analyte solution for the length of the test; for example, 

two liters of solution is sufficient for a 12-bour run. 

8.2 Pre-Test Field Preparation 

TI1e following procedures must be conducted after receiving the QAG at the test site and 

prior to operating it in the field. 

8.2.1 Physical Integrity Check 

Check the QAG's physical components to ensure no parts were damaged in shipping. 

8.2.2 Assembly 

Assemble the QAG pee manufacturer's instmctions. 

8. 2.3 Operations Check and Calibration 

Check the QAG's operations to ensure that it meets the manufacturer's specifications. 

Confim1 that the pressure gauges used to measure the ambient air and nebulizing air 

pressures are NIST -certified and the certifications are current. Confirm that the 

thennometer used to measure the temperature of the nebulizing air is NIST ~ertified 

and the certificate is valid. In addition, calibrate the following components prior to 

installation and document all pre-test check results and readings: 

Balanc.e Calibration: Calibrate the balance using NlST-traceable masses; contirm that 

the readings are ±I% of the standard and the NISTcertificates are current. 

Flow Meter Calibration. Calibrate Oow meter with a primary flow calibrator such as 

a DryCaJ®3

; confinn that the readings are within 2% of the NIST-traceable certificate 

values. 

8.2.4 Installation. 

Install the QAG in the test facility per test plan requirements. 

8.2. 5 Pressure and Leak Check 

The QAG system uses positive pressure, and the nebulizer air flow Une must be leak 

checked before testing. Cap off the nebulizer air line just before the nebulizer, 

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VES009897 
pressurize the line, and check for leaks using an appropriate leak indicator. Tighten 

any sections of the line where leaks are indicated. 

8.2. 6 Mass-Loss Evaluation 

Before running the QAG with NTST-traceable solution, the operator must conduct a 

mass loss rate evaluation test. Follow the instructions below for starting and running 

the QAG with a NIST-traceable solution, and substitute a blank solution of 5% nitric 

acid and distilled water. Run the QAG for 3 to 5 hours using the blank; this also allows 

the QAG to thermally equilibrate. Calculate the slope and correlation coefficient for 

the decrease in the weight of the reservoir over the run period. The QAG is 

functioning properly if the slope is between 0.1 and 0.2 and the correlation coefficient 

is better than 0. 99. 

!1.3 Solution Concentration and Flow Rate Determination 

Using the equation for generated aerosol concentration (Equation I), determine the necessary 

solution concentration and flow rates set points for the desired emission concentrations (see 

section I 0.3). 

8.4 Solulion Sample 

Collect and store a 50 ml sample of the analyte solution for possible quality assurance checks 

at a later time if necessary. 

9.0 Generation of a Reference Aerosol with NIST-Traceable Accuracy 

9.1 System Preparalion 

Connect the thermometers for the ice bath and nebutizer cup. Fill the ice bath container with 

ice, making sure it surrounds the impinger and nebulizer cup. lf an ice bath is left from a 

previous run, drain the water and add enough ice to ensure that the temperature of the bath 

remains at 32 ±; I •F during the test run. While the ice bath is stabilizing, tum on the maio 

flow pump. Adjust the flow to the rate specified in the test plan. Next, tum on the drying air 

flow and adjust the pressure regulator until the flow reaches the desired rate. Periodically 

check the drying air flow and readjust as necessary as it will tend to drop after the initial 

adjustment. Tum on the tube beaters and adjust the set point to 300°F. Switch on the drying 

chamber heaters to 125°F and start increasing the temperarures by 50°F increments to the set 

point. At this time, turn on any beaters associated with the transport system. When the 

cooler is fuU of ice, add water to I" below the top of the cooler wall and insulate any gaps at 

the top of the cooler with foam. Continue to increase the temperature of the beaters 

throughout the solution exchange process described below until they reach their set points. 

Continue to monitor and adjust QAG operating parameters as necessary. 

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VES009898 
9.2 Solution Exchange 

The 5% nitric acid solution left in the bottom of the nebulizer cup after the mass loss 

evaluation must be cycled out of the system and replaced with the analyte solution. Using 

the tubes cmmecting the peristaltic pump to the reservoir, pump the distilled water out of the 

nebulizer cup and into an empty beaker while simulmneously pumping 300 mJ of the analyte 

solution from another beaker into the chamber. When all of the analyte solution bas been 

pumped through the chamber, place the remaining analyte solution in an empty reservoir, 

swirl gently, center the reservoir on the balance, and replace the peristaltic ptmtp tubes. 

Gently lift the reservoir off the balance, zero the balance, and place the reservoir back down, 

taking care to ensure that the peristaltic pump tubes are not touching 811Y part of the reservoir 

itself. Once the solution is pumping in Slid out of the reservoir, tum on the laptop and the 

balance software. Monitor the mass of the resen•oir until it begins to fluctuate around a 

constant mean. 

9.3 Flow Rate and Temperature Adjustments 

At this point, the flow nues and heaters u~> be checked and adjusted again if necessary. 

During this process, tum on the sample system and bring it into equilibrium. The QAG 

system is in equilibrium when the operational specifications are met (Section 0), the total 

flow is stable, the flow of drying air is stable, and the heaters are operating at their set points. 

9.4 Aerosol Generation and Performance Monitoring 

When the QAG is in equilibrium, turn on the nebulizer flow by slowly opening the manual 

ball valve. Check to make sure the pressure regtdator is controlling the flow at the flow set 

point (between 10 Slid II slpm) and adjust if necessary. When the nebulizer flow is on, the 

QAG is functioning as an aerosol generator. Check to ensure the pressure regulator and flow 

meter are stable at the desired set point. Monitor the perform8llce of the QAG for the next 30 

minutes, making minor adjustments if necessary. During this time, the sampling system 

results should also be monitored to ensure that system is functioning properly. The QAG 

should be checked again after 90 minutes of running time and any necessary minor 

adjustments should be made. Before leaving the QAG for any overnight runs, the operator 

should pack fresh ice into the cooler. 

9.5 Documentation of Pe1jormance 

llte QAG's performance must be documented using a data sheet such as Figure 6. Before 

beginning a test, fiU out the top of the data sheet with the appropriate test information . Take 

a reading of the atmospheric pressure with a NIST-traceable pressure gauge and record this 

value, which is equivalent to the pressure ofdte expanded nebulizer air (P,). After the QAG 

reaches equilibrium, the nebulizer flow is on, and the system is generating an aerosol, record 

the time and the following parameters: the temperature of the ice batb, the temperature of the 

nebulizer cup (for Mv), the nebulizer flow rate (F,), the pressure of the nebulizer compressed 

air (Pc), the flow rate o f the drying air, the pressure of the drying air, the tempe.rature of the 

drying air (i.e., tube heater temperature), dte total flow rate (F,), room temperature, room 

$Cru en~ l Mclhod (Of o QAG: V 1.0 Page 14 of23 

VES009899