IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT NASHVILLE

December 5, 2018 Session

FRATERNAL ORDER OF POLICE ET AL. V. METROPOLITAN

GOVERNMENT OF NASHVILLE AND DAVIDSON COUNTY,

TENNESSEE ET AL.

Appeal from the Circuit Court for Davidson County

No. 18C2158 Kelvin D. Jones, Judge

No. M2018-01717-COA-R3-CV

The Election Commission of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson 

County, Tennessee used the August 4, 2016 election as the proper election for 

determining the appropriate number of signatures needed on the petition to hold a 

referendum on whether to create a police oversight board. Certain individuals and the 

Fraternal Order of Police (“FOP”) disagreed and sought a writ of certiorari. The trial 

court agreed with the election commission and affirmed its action. The individuals and 

the FOP appealed. We affirm.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

ANDY D. BENNETT, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which FRANK G. CLEMENT,

JR., P.J., M.S., and W. NEAL MCBRAYER, J., joined.

Austin Lenoy McMullen and David Louis Raybin, Nashville, Tennessee, for the 

appellants, Fraternal Order of Police, Matthew Dean Boguskie, Harold Milton Burke, III, 

James Anthony Gafford, Noble Taylor, and Robert Alan Young.

Lora Barkenbus Fox and Catherine Jane Pham, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellees,

Davidson County Election Commission and Metropolitan Government of Nashville and 

Davidson County.

Jamie Ray Hollin and Daniel Alexander Horwitz, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellee, 

Community Oversight Now.

01/11/2019
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OPINION

On August 1, 2018, Community Oversight Now (“CON”) filed with the 

Metropolitan Clerk a petition for a referendum to be placed on the November 6, 2018 

ballot containing a proposal to amend the Metro charter to establish a police oversight 

board. Pursuant to section 19.01 of the Metro charter, such a petition must be “signed by 

ten (10) per cent of the number of the registered voters of Nashville-Davidson County 

voting in the preceding general election.” The Davidson County Election Commission 

staff began analyzing the 8,269 signatures on CON’s petition. The commission met on 

August 15, 2018, and the staff reported that it had reviewed 6,491 of the signatures; 4,801 

signatures were verified and 1,690 had been rejected. The commission determined that 

the preceding general election was the August 4, 2016 election in which 47,074 voters 

cast their ballots; thus, 4,708 signatures would constitute ten percent. The commission 

voted to accept the verified signatures as meeting the requirements of the Metro charter. 

The FOP and individual current and retired police officers filed a petition for writ 

of certiorari and supersedeas and writ of mandamus from the decision of the Davidson 

County Election Commission in circuit court1challenging the validity of the referendum 

based upon the theory that the referendum petition did not contain enough verified 

signatures. By agreed order, CON was permitted to intervene. The circuit court 

expedited the proceedings and, after a hearing on September 14, 2018, the court entered a 

final order on September 19, 2018, in which it agreed with the election commission’s 

determination that the preceding general election was held on August 4, 2016, and 

affirmed the decision of the commission. CON filed a motion to alter or amend, which 

the circuit court denied on September 21, 2018. The FOP appealed. Post-appeal motions 

will be discussed below.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Review of the election commission’s decision is by common law writ of certiorari. 

McFarland v. Pemberton, 530 S.W.3d 76, 104 (Tenn. 2017).

Reviewing courts may grant relief only when the board or agency whose 

decision is being reviewed has exceeded its jurisdiction or has acted 

illegally, arbitrarily, or fraudulently.

Review under a common-law writ of certiorari does not extend to a 

redetermination of the facts found by the board or agency whose decision is 

being reviewed. The courts may not (1) inquire into the intrinsic correctness 

 

1 The circuit court has concurrent jurisdiction with the chancery court over petitions of certiorari 

concerning an order or judgment of a board or commission operating under state law. See Tenn. Code 

Ann. § 27-9-103.
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of the decision, (2) reweigh the evidence, or (3) substitute their judgment 

for that of the board or agency. However, they may review the record solely 

to determine whether it contains any material evidence to support the 

decision because a decision without evidentiary support is an arbitrary one.

Leonard Plating Co. v. Metro. Gov’t of Nashville & Davidson Cnty., 213 S.W.3d 898, 

903-04 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2006) (internal citations and footnotes omitted).

ANALYSIS

Motion to Dismiss

The FOP filed a motion to expedite the appeal and a reach-down motion in the 

Supreme Court in an attempt to have the case resolved prior to the November 6 election. 

On Sept. 26, 2018, this Court granted an expedited schedule that would set the oral 

argument for after the election, stating:

The election is now less than forty-five days away, and the military 

and overseas ballots have already been mailed. Absentee ballots must be 

mailed no later than October 7, 2018, and early voting begins on October 

17, 2018. Moreover, Metro concedes that the appeal will not be moot after 

the election and that the results of the referendum can be held void if the 

appellants ultimately prevail on appeal. Given that ballots have already

been mailed, the impracticality of obtaining a record and briefs in such a 

short period of time, and the availability of an adequate remedy after the 

election, it is not feasible for this court to render a decision prior to the 

November 6, 2018 election. Nevertheless, the court finds it to be in the 

interest of the public and the parties to shorten the schedules within which 

the parties and the trial court clerk are to fulfill their respective obligations

so this court may render a decision as soon as is reasonably possible.

On September 27, 2018, the Supreme Court denied the reach-down motion. On October 

9, 2018, this Court denied CON’s motion to dismiss the appeal as moot, “without 

prejudice to the parties addressing the same issues in their briefs.” On October 14, 2018, 

CON filed a Tenn. Rule App. P. 10 motion asking the Tennessee Supreme Court:

To vacate the Court of Appeals’ September 26, 2018 Order holding that 

“the appeal will not be moot after the election and that the results of the 

referendum can be held void . . . , and . . . To order the Court of Appeals to 

adjudicate Community Oversight Now’s Motion to Dismiss the instant 

appeal for loss of subject matter jurisdiction before the November 6, 2018 

election.” 
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The motion was promptly denied by the Supreme Court on October 16, 2018.

On the afternoon of December 4, 2018, the day before oral argument, CON filed 

another motion to dismiss. This one was based on the proposition that the instant action is 

an election contest which must be filed in chancery court within five days of the 

certification of the election results, which occurred on November 26, 2018. Oral 

argument was heard the next day. The Court gave Metro five days to respond to CON’s

motion and the FOP five days after that to respond. 

Metro’s response is surprising. As a matter of background, in response to the first 

motion to expedite referenced above, Metro argued that the case should not be expedited: 

“there is no value in expediting the case – it can be resolved during and even after the 

November 6, 2018 election without harm to Petitioners or the public. In contrast, rushing 

the case, and causing any disruption in the election, will cause substantial harm to the 

public.” Metro expressly stated to this court:

There is no harm in having the public go ahead and vote on the 

referendum, now that the election process has begun. If this Court decides 

that there were an insufficient number of signatures to place the proposed 

charter amendment on the ballot, there is a remedy - the results can be 

treated as a nullity . . . .

Petitioner’s citations to cases considered moot are not relevant to this case . 

. . . In this case, the FOP et al. have brought their case before the election is 

to be held and have not waited many months before asking the case to be 

expedited. There is no reason that this case cannot be resolved in due 

course by the appellate courts.[

2

]

For these reasons, Respondents ask that this motion to expedite be denied.

In contrast, now, post-election, when CON seeks to dismiss the case for failure to file an 

election contest, Metro reverses direction like a boomerang, and says, in effect, “This 

case is really an election contest to void the election. It should be brought under Tenn. 

Code Ann. § 2-17-101(b)!” Suddenly, mootness is relevant, and the concerns about 

disrupting the election have been consigned to the dustbin of history.3

In its response, the FOP argues that challenges to what should be on the ballot are 

properly brought before the election, citing Barrett v. Giles County, No. M2010-02018-

 

2 Metro made the same response to the reach-down motion filed in the Supreme Court.

3 Metro’s one-paragraph response was filed on December 12, 2018 and is devoid of legal citation except 

for the quotation from Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-17-101(b). 
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COA-R3-CV, 2011 WL 4600431 (Tenn. Ct. App. Oct. 5, 2011). CON filed a reply to the 

FOP’s response maintaining that the claim that the election must be invalidated 

“constitutes an election contest,” and that it is too late to file an election contest. 

The court in Barrett observed that:

“In Forbes v. Bell, 816 S.W.2d 716 (Tenn. 1991), our Supreme Court 

discussed at length the procedures for having an election set aside pursuant 

to Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-17-101, et seq. The Forbes Court began by 

observing that there are two grounds upon which an election contest can be 

based. The first ground involves a claim that the election was valid, but that 

the contestant, rather than the contestee, would be the winner if the 

outcome was properly determined. Id. at 719. If the contestant is successful 

in court, the proper relief in this type of case is a judgment declaring the 

contestant the winner. The second ground is a claim that the election was 

null and void. Id. The proper remedy in this second situation, if the 

contestant is successful in court, is to order a new election.”

Barrett, 2011 WL 4600431, at *2 (quoting Stuart v. Anderson Cnty. Election Comm’n, 

237 S.W.3d 297, 303 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2007)). The first ground does not apply. As for 

the second ground, Tennessee case law is that an election may be voided by “(1) fraud 

and illegality rendering the election uncertain or (2) enough illegal ballots having been 

cast to call the election into doubt.” Barrett, 2011 WL 4600431, at *3; see also Forbes v. 

Bell, 816 S.W.2d 716, 719-20 (Tenn. 1991) (quoting Millar v. Thomas, 657 S.W.2d 750, 

751 (Tenn. 1983)). This case does not involve allegations of illegal ballots or fraud. This 

matter is not an election contest.4

Challenges to what should be on the ballot “should ordinarily be brought before 

the election – preferably in time for the issue to be resolved before the ballots have to be 

printed and before the start of absentee and early voting.” Barrett, 2011 WL 4600431, at 

*4. This case was filed before the election, going through an administrative process with 

the election commission, and a circuit court challenge by writ of certiorari before 

 

4

Further support for this matter not being an election contest is found in the language of Tenn. Code Ann. 

§ 2-17-101(b) itself: 

The incumbent office holder and any candidate for the office may contest the outcome of 

an election for the office. Any campaign committee or individual which has charge of a 

campaign for the adoption or rejection of a question submitted to the people may contest 

the election on the question. 

(emphasis added). This case is not a challenge to the outcome of an election. It is a challenge regarding 

what should be on the ballot, filed before the election.
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appealing to this Court. Even then, the FOP sought to expedite this case before this Court 

and the Tennessee Supreme Court. We do not know what more the FOP could have done 

to advance this matter. To now require them to file a new lawsuit to litigate once again 

what has already been decided by the election commission and the circuit court, or to 

hold that they failed to file such a lawsuit and therefore cannot have heard the claim that 

they have so earnestly pressed forward, would be an injustice and not in the public 

interest. 

The motion to dismiss is denied.

Standing

In this case, an examination of standing begins with Tenn. Code Ann. § 27-9-101: 

“Anyone who may be aggrieved by any final order or judgment of any board or 

commission functioning under the laws of this state may have the order or judgment 

reviewed by the courts, where not otherwise specifically provided, in the manner 

provided by this chapter.” Our Supreme Court has held:

In order to have standing to file a petition for a common-law writ of 

certiorari, the party filing the petition must demonstrate that it is 

“aggrieved” by the decision sought to be reviewed. For the purposes of 

Tenn. Code Ann. § 27-9-101, to be “aggrieved,” a party must be able to 

show a special interest in the agency’s final decision or that it is subject to a 

special injury not common to the public generally. The party must also 

show that it was a party to the agency proceedings sought to be reviewed.

Wood v. Metro. Nashville & Davidson Cnty. Gov’t, 196 S.W.3d 152, 158 (Tenn. Ct. App. 

2005) (citations omitted). The individual appellants and the FOP participated in the 

proceedings before the election commission and are undoubtedly affected by the 

agency’s decision to place the referendum on the ballot in a manner singularly different 

from the effect on the general public. They have standing.

Mootness

Metro and CON argue that this case is now moot because the election has taken 

place. At the risk of being repetitious, we must again point out that, in response to the 

first motion to expedite, Metro argued that the case should not be expedited: “there is no 

value in expediting the case – it can be resolved during and even after the November 6, 

2018 election without harm to Petitioners or the public. In contrast, rushing the case, and 

causing any disruption in the election, will cause substantial harm to the public.” At this 

juncture, Metro cannot take the opposite position.
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As stated earlier, we recognized in this Court’s order of September 26, 2018, that

an appellate decision could not be rendered before the election. In particular, we stated:

Given that ballots have already been mailed, the impracticality of obtaining 

a record and briefs in such a short period of time, and the availability of an 

adequate remedy after the election, it is not feasible for this court to render 

a decision prior to the November 6, 2018 election. Nevertheless, the court 

finds it to be in the interest of the public and the parties to shorten the 

schedules within which the parties and the trial court clerk are to fulfill 

their respective obligations so this court may render a decision as soon as is 

reasonably possible.

Implicit in our order is a determination that, under the peculiar circumstances of this case, 

the matter would not be moot. The resolution of this matter would go forward. We 

adhere to this decision.5

Interpretation of Charter Provision

The FOP challenges the number of signatures on the petition. The relevant portion 

of the Metropolitan Charter is § 19.01, which states in pertinent part:

This Charter may be amended subsequent to its adoption in the following 

manner:

An amendment or amendments may be proposed . . . (2) upon petition filed 

with the metropolitan clerk, signed by ten (10) per cent of the number of 

the registered voters of Nashville-Davidson County voting in the preceding 

general election, the verification of the signatures to be made by the 

Davidson County Election Commission and certified to the metropolitan 

clerk. Such resolution or petition shall also prescribe a date not less than 

eighty (80) [days] subsequent to the date of its filing for the holding of a 

referendum election at which the electorate of the metropolitan government 

will vote to ratify or to reject the amendments proposed.

The question is, which prior election is the “preceding general election”?

 

5 As previously noted, on October 12, 2018, CON filed a Tenn. R. App. P. 10 application asking the 

Supreme Court to vacate the Court of Appeals’ September 26, 2018 Order and to order the Court of 

Appeals to decide CON’s motion to dismiss. Two days later, the Supreme Court denied the application. 

Based on the language of Tenn. R. App. P. 10(a), one may infer that the Supreme Court determined that 

the Court of Appeals had not “so far departed from the accepted and usual course of judicial proceedings 

as to require immediate review,” or that the extraordinary appeal was not necessary “for complete 

determination of the action on appeal.”
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The Tennessee Supreme Court has addressed the meaning of the term “general 

election,” as used in the Metropolitan Charter. In Wallace v. Metropolitan Government

of Nashville & Davidson County, 546 S.W.3d 47, 55 (Tenn. 2018), the Court examined 

the terms “general metropolitan election,” and “general election,” which are both found 

in the Metropolitan Charter:

We do not read the use of the distinct phrases “general metropolitan 

election” and “general election” to be merely accidental. Rather, we view 

the two phrases to have been intentionally and thoughtfully employed to 

refer to different elections. The former phrase refers to the particular 

general election at which the Mayor, Vice Mayor, Councilmen-at-Large, 

and District Councilmen are elected in August of each fourth oddnumbered year, beginning in 1971, as called for in section 15.01 of the 

Charter. In contrast, the latter phrase refers more broadly to any municipal 

general election, including but not limited to general metropolitan elections. 

In other words, “general metropolitan elections” are one unique type of the 

broader category of municipal “general elections.” All municipal “general 

elections,” however, are not “general metropolitan elections.”

The Supreme Court in Wallace also explained the case of State ex rel. Wise v. Judd, 655 

S.W.2d 952 (Tenn. 1983). The Wallace court stated:

the issue in Wise was whether the phrase “preceding general election” as 

used in section 19.01 of the Charter is limited to a municipal general 

election or includes a state or federal general election. There was in Wise no 

dispute that both the August 1979 “general metropolitan election” and the 

August 1982 “general election” were municipal general elections which 

would qualify for purposes of section 19.01. The question was whether the 

November 1982 state general election also would qualify. Our holding in 

Wise was that the phrase “preceding general election” as used in section 

19.01 of the Charter refers to municipal general elections, not to state or 

federal general elections. 

Id. at 57-58 (citations and footnote omitted). The Wise opinion determined that the term 

“preceding general election” in § 19.01 of the Metropolitan Charter referred to the 

previous metropolitan general election rather than a state general election, namely the 

August 1982 election. Wise, 655 S.W.2d at 953.

Several elections have been proposed as the “preceding general election” in this 

case. The most recent election is the May 24, 2018 election for mayor and one district 

council member. This was a special election to fill vacancies, however, not a general 

election. See Wallace, 546 S.W.3d at 56. Thus, the May 24, 2018 election cannot be used 

to determine the number of signatures needed for the petition.
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The November 2016 election has also been suggested as being the appropriate 

“preceding general election.” However, no metro offices were on the ballot. State and 

federal offices were on the ballot, as well as city commissioners for Belle Meade, Forest 

Hills and Goodlettsville. Wise held that “the phrase ‘preceding general election’ as used 

in section 19.01 of the Charter refers to municipal general elections, not to state or 

federal general elections.” Wallace, 546 S.W.3d at 58 (citing Wise, 655 S.W.2d at 953). 

Thus, the November 2016 election cannot be used to determine the number of signatures 

needed for the petition.

Metro and CON contend, and the election commission and trial court found, that 

the August 4, 2016 election is the one to use. FOP disagrees. The issue turns on whether 

the election for Metropolitan Assessor of Property is a state or a municipal general 

election.

A metropolitan government is a consolidation of the functions vested in a 

municipal corporation and the county in which it lies. Tenn. Const., Art. XI, Sec. 9, Para. 

9; Tenn. Code Ann. § 7-2-108(a)(1), (16). In the course of this consolidation, the charter 

may alter or even abolish “city and county offices, departments, boards, commissions,

agencies and functions, except where otherwise provided in . . . [Tenn. Code Ann. Title 7, 

Ch. 1-6] or prohibited by the Constitution of Tennessee.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 7-2-108(a)

(16). Indeed, our Supreme Court has held that the constitutional offices found in Article 

7, Section 1 of the Tennessee Constitution cannot be abolished. Metro. Gov’t of Nashville 

& Davidson Cnty v. Poe, 383 S.W.2d 265, 268 (Tenn. 1964). Thus, the office of assessor 

of property cannot be abolished. 

The Metropolitan Charter retains the office of assessor of property, but calls the 

office the metropolitan tax assessor. Metro Charter, § 8.113. Title changes are 

permissible. Tenn. Code Ann. § 7-2-108(a)(14). Changes in duties are also permissible. 

Winter v. Allen, 367 S.W.2d 785, 789-90 (Tenn. 1963) (upholding the transfer of the duty 

to assess merchants’ ad valorem taxes from the county court clerk to the metropolitan tax 

assessor). The county official becomes a metropolitan government official. Poe, 383 

S.W.2d at 277 (“The Sheriff is a Metropolitan officer and as such he is bound by the 

functional, budgetary and purchasing provisions of the Charter . . . .”).

The FOP maintains that the election for assessor is a state election, based in part 

on the fact that in Title 2 of the Tennessee Code Annotated, “state election” is defined as 

“an election held to: . . . Choose state, county or district officers.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-

1-104(a)(28)(B). This definition is limited to Title 2, and even then just applies “unless a 

different meaning is clearly intended.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-1-104(a). No definitions of 

“municipal election,” “municipal general election,” “metropolitan election,” or 

“metropolitan general election,” are found in Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-1-104. In the context 

of Title 2, it is evident that “state election” is used to distinguish certain elections from a 

“federal election.” See Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-8-108(b) (“All election documents 
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pertaining to a federal election shall be preserved by the county election commission for 

twenty-two (22) months.”); Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-10-119 (“Transfers of funds or assets 

from a candidate’s campaign committee or account for a federal election to a political 

campaign committee of or for such candidate for public office in this state is 

prohibited.”).

If a sheriff is a “Metropolitan officer,” Poe, 383 S.W.2d at 277, then it follows 

logically that the assessor of property is as well. Furthermore, the Metropolitan Charter 

designates the assessor as such. Metro Charter, § 8.113 (“The county tax assessor, elected 

for a term of four (4) years and provided for by general law in Tennessee Code 

Annotated, sections 67-1-502 to 67-1-505, inclusive, shall be the metropolitan tax 

assessor.”). Because the assessor is a metropolitan officer, the general election for the 

assessor is a metropolitan general election.

The FOP also contends that the election for assessor is a partisan election and 

cannot be a municipal election because “municipal elections shall be nonpartisan.” Tenn. 

Code Ann. § 2-13-208(a). However, Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-13-208(b) specifically 

addresses metropolitan governments, stating:

In any county having a metropolitan form of government, the election of 

the county mayor and the members of the legislative body of such 

metropolitan government shall be considered to be municipal elections 

within the meaning of this section; however, this section shall not be 

construed to require a partisan election for any other officers of the 

metropolitan government if the charter of such metropolitan government 

provides that elections for such officers shall be nonpartisan.

(Emphasis added). We read this statute in accord with the natural and ordinary meaning 

of the words used. Embraer Aircraft Maint. Servs., Inc. v. AeroCentury Corp., 538 

S.W.3d 404, 410 (Tenn. 2017). The last portion of subsection (b) allows a metropolitan 

government to have nonpartisan elections for “any other officers of the metropolitan 

government,” by providing for such nonpartisan elections in the charter. The 

Metropolitan Charter of Nashville and Davidson County does not so provide as to the 

assessor; therefore the election is partisan as provided in the general law.

We conclude, as did the trial court, that the proper election to use to calculate the 

number of signatures required on the referendum petition, the preceding general election, 

was the election held on August 4, 2016.
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CONCLUSION

The judgment of the trial court is affirmed and this matter is remanded with costs 

of appeal assessed against the appellants, for which execution may issue if necessary.

________________________________

 ANDY D. BENNETT, JUDGE