Antelope Valley 

Air Quality Management District 

Final 

Staff Report 

Amendment of 

Rule 1168 – Adhesive and Sealant Applications

Adopted on 

September 20, 2011 

43301 DIVISION ST., SUITE 206,

LANCASTER, CALIFORNIA 93535-4649 

PHONE (661) 723-8070 

FAX (661) 723-3450 
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AVAQMD Rule 1168 TC-1

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11 

STAFF REPORT 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Rule 1168 – Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

I. PURPOSE OF STAFF REPORT ...........................................................................................1 

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................1 

III. STAFF RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................2 

IV. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST...........................................................................3 

V. DISCUSSION OF LEGAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................4 

A. REQUIRED ELEMENTS/FINDINGS...........................................................................4 

1. State Findings Required for Adoption of Rules & Regulations ......................4 

a. Necessity ..............................................................................................4 

b. Authority..............................................................................................4 

c. Clarity...................................................................................................4 

d. Consistency..........................................................................................4 

e. Non-duplication ...................................................................................4 

f. Reference..............................................................................................5 

g. Public Notice & Comment, Public Hearing.........................................5 

2. Federal Elements (SIP Submittals, Other Federal Submittals)........................5 

a. Satisfaction of Underlying Federal Requirements ...............................5 

b. Public Notice and Comment................................................................5 

c. Availability of Document.....................................................................5 

d. Notice to Specified Entities .................................................................6 

e. Public Hearing.......................................................................................6 

f. Legal Authority to Adopt and Implement ............................................6 

g. Applicable State Laws and Regulations Were Followed.....................6 

B. WRITTEN ANALYSIS OF EXISTING REQUIREMENTS.........................................6 

C. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ..............................................................................................6 

1. General.............................................................................................................6 

2. Incremental Cost Effectiveness.......................................................................7 

D. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS (CEQA) ..................................................................7 

E. SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS .................................................7 

1. Potential Environmental Impacts.....................................................................7 

2. Mitigation of Impacts.......................................................................................8 

3. Alternative Methods of Compliance................................................................8 
TC-2 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

F. PUBLIC REVIEW ..........................................................................................................8 

VI. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION ...............................................................................................8 

A. SOURCE DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................8 

B. EMISSIONS ...................................................................................................................8 

C. CONTROL REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................12 

D. PROPOSED RULE SUMMARY.................................................................................12 

E. SIP HISTORY...............................................................................................................13 

1. SIP History.....................................................................................................13 

2. SIP Analysis...................................................................................................14 

Appendix A – Rule 1168 Iterated Version ..................................................................................A-1 

Appendix B - Public Notice Documents .....................................................................................B-1 

Appendix C - Public Comments and Responses .........................................................................C-1 

Appendix D - California Environmental Quality Act Documentation ........................................D-1 

Appendix E - Bibliography..........................................................................................................E-1 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

STAFF REPORT 

Rule 1168 – Adhesive and Sealant Applications

I. PURPOSE OF STAFF REPORT 

A staff report serves several discrete purposes. Its primary purpose is to provide a summary and 

background material to the members of the Governing Board. This allows the members of the 

Governing Board to be fully informed before making any required decision. It also provides the 

documentation necessary for the Governing Board to make any findings, which are required by law to 

be made prior to the approval or adoption of a document. In addition, a staff report ensures that the

correct procedures and proper documentation for approval or adoption of a document have been 

performed. Finally, the staff report provides evidence for defense against legal challenges regarding

the propriety of the approval or adoption of the document. 

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

On July 1, 1997 the Antelope Valley Air Pollution Control District (AVAPCD) was created pursuant to 

statute (former H&S Code §40106, A.B. 266-Knight Ch. 542, statutes of 1996) and assumed all air 

pollution control responsibilities from the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) 

for the area of Los Angeles County outside the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). The SCAQMD rules 

in effect within the jurisdiction of the AVAPCD remained in effect until the AVAPCD Governing 

Board superseded, amended, or rescinded them. On January 1, 2002 the Antelope Valley Air Quality 

Management District (AVAQMD) was created pursuant to statute (California Health & Safety (H&S) 

Code §41300 et seq.) to replace the AVAPCD. Once again the rules in effect at the time of the change 

remained in effect until the AVAQMD Governing Board superseded, amended or rescinded them. 

Rule 1168 was most recently amended by the AVAQMD on January 19, 2010. 

The Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA; 42 U.S.C. §§7401 et seq.) requires areas designated nonattainment 

for ozone and classified moderate and above to adopt and maintain Reasonably Available Control 

Technology (RACT) rules for source categories emitting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and 

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) for which the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has 

issued a Control Techniques Guideline (CTG) document. In addition, such areas are required to adopt 

and maintain RACT rules for all other major stationary sources of VOCs and NOx (42 U.S.C. 

§7511a(b)(2); FCAA §182(b)(2)). The Antelope Valley has been designated non-attainment for the 8 

hr ozone standard and classified moderate. 

The January 19, 2010 amendment of Rule 1168 was primarily designed to update and refine adhesive 

categories, create new sealant and sealant primer categories and modify exemptions and definitions to 

harmonize with the CTG and the latest State Implementation Plan (SIP) approved SCAQMD rule. The 

amendment also removed dated provisions that had expired by their terms. However, since that time, 

the District received comments from both the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and USEPA 

that are being addressed in this rule amendment. This rule amendment will modify and add definitions,

align the source categories to those in the CTG, decrease the VOC limits for several source categories, 

increase the emission control efficiency requirements, correct several typographical errors, and modify 

the provisions of the sales and use section to be inclusive of any listed chemicals. USEPA indicated 
2 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

that the emission control efficiency deficiency was significant enough to propose a partial approval/ 

partial disapproval. Therefore, the AVAQMD is proposing to amend Rule 1168 to address CARB and 

USEPA comments and make the rule SIP approvable. 

III. STAFF RECOMMENDATION 

Staff recommends that the Governing Board of the AVAQMD adopt the proposed amendments to Rule 

1168 – Adhesive and Sealant Operations and approve the appropriate California Environmental 

Quality Act Documentation. This action is necessary to address CARB and USEPA comments and 

make Rule 1168 approvable into the SIP. 

The Governing Board of the AVAQMD amended Rule 1168 – Adhesive and Sealant Applications on 

September 20, 2011. 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 3

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

IV. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST 

The findings and analysis as indicated below are required for the procedurally correct amendment of 

Rule 1168 – Adhesive and Sealant Applications. Each item is discussed, if applicable, in Section V 

below. Copies of documents are included in the appropriate Appendix. 

FINDINGS REQUIRED FOR 

RULES & REGULATIONS 

 X Necessity 

 X Authority 

 X Clarity 

 X Consistency 

 X Non-duplication 

 X Reference 

 X Public Notice & Comment 

 X Public Hearing 

REQUIREMENTS FOR STATE 

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 

SUBMISSION (SIP): 

 X Public Notice & Comment 

 X Availability of Document 

 X Notice to Specified Entities (State, 

Air Districts, USEPA, Other States) 

 X Public Hearing 

 X Legal Authority to adopt and 

implement the document. 

 X Applicable State laws and 

regulations were followed. 

ELEMENTS OF A FEDERAL 

SUBMISSION 

 X Elements as set forth in applicable 

Federal law or regulations. 

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL 

QUALITY ACT REQUIREMENTS 

(CEQA):

N/A Ministerial Action 

 X Exemption 

 X Negative Declaration 

N/A Environmental Impact Report 

 X Appropriate findings, if necessary. 

 X Public Notice & Comment 

SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL 

ANALYSIS (RULES & REGULATIONS 

ONLY): 

 X Environmental impacts of 

compliance. 

N/A Mitigation of impacts. 

N/A Alternative methods of compliance. 

OTHER: 

 X Written analysis of existing air 

pollution control requirements 

N/A Economic Analysis 

 X Public Review 
4 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

V. DISCUSSION OF LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 

A. REQUIRED ELEMENTS/FINDINGS 

This section discusses the State of California statutory requirements that apply to the proposed 

amendment of Rule 1168. These are actions, that need to be performed, and/or information, 

that must be provided in order to amend the rule in a procedurally correct manner. 

1. State Findings Required for Adoption of Rules & Regulations: 

Before adopting, amending, or repealing a rule or regulation, the AVAQMD Governing 

Board is required to make findings of necessity, authority, clarity, consistency, nonduplication, and reference based upon relevant information presented at the hearing. 

The information below is provided to assist the AVAQMD Governing Board in making 

these findings. 

a. Necessity: 

The amendment of Rule 1168 is necessary to address substantive CARB and 

USEPA comments pertaining to the January 19, 2010 amendment.

b. Authority: 

AVAQMD has the authority pursuant to H&S Code §40702 to adopt, amend or 

repeal rules and regulations. 

c. Clarity: 

The amendments are clear in that they are written so that the persons subject to 

the rule can easily understand the meaning. 

d. Consistency: 

The amendment of Rule 1168 is in harmony with, and not in conflict with or 

contradictory to, any state law or regulation, federal law or regulation, or court 

decisions because they align source categories and emission control efficiency 

requirements to those contained in the CTG. 

e. Non-duplication: 

The amendment of Rule 1168 does not impose the same requirements as an 

existing state or federal law or regulation because the CTG is primarily a 

guidance document and requires rule adoption to implement its provisions and 

this amendment will align source categories and emission control efficiency 

requirements to those contained in the CTG. 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 5

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

f. Reference: 

AVAQMD has the authority pursuant to H&S Code §40702 to adopt, amend or 

repeal rules and regulations. 

g. Public Notice & Comment, Public Hearing: 

Notice for the public hearing for the proposed amendment of Rule 1168 was 

published August 18, 2011. See Appendix “B” for a copy of the public notice. 

See Appendix C for copies of comments, if any, and AVAQMD responses. 

2. Federal Elements (SIP Submittals, Other Federal Submittals). 

Submittals to USEPA are required to include various elements depending upon the type 

of document submitted and the underlying federal law which requires the submittal. 

The information below indicates which elements are required for the proposed 

amendment of Rule 1168 and how they were satisfied.

a. Satisfaction of Underlying Federal Requirements: 

The FCAA requires areas designated nonattainment for ozone and classified 

moderate and above to adopt and maintain RACT rules for source categories 

emitting VOCs and NOx for which USEPA has issued a CTG document. In 

addition, such areas are required to adopt and maintain RACT rules for all other 

major stationary sources of VOCs and NOx (42 U.S.C. §7511a(b)(2); FCAA 

§182(b)(2)). Such RACT rules are required to be submitted into the SIP for the 

affected area. 

USEPA has indicated that the January 19, 2010 amendment contained 

deficiencies which were significant enough to propose a partial approval/ partial 

disapproval. The amendment corrects these deficiencies and will be submitted 

for inclusion into SIP. The criteria for determining completeness of SIP 

submissions are set forth in 40 CFR Part 51 Appendix V, 2.0. This staff report 

and supporting adoption documentation will satisfy the completeness 

requirements. See subsection (VI)(E) for the SIP history of this rule. 

b. Public Notice and Comment: 

Notice for the public hearing for the proposed amendment of Rule 1168 was 

published August 18, 2011. See Appendix “B” for a copy of the public notice. 

c. Availability of Document: 

Copies of proposed amended Rule 1168 and the accompanying draft staff report 

were made available to the public on August 8, 2011. 
6 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

d. Notice to Specified Entities 

Copies of proposed amended Rule 1168 and the accompanying draft staff report 

were mailed to all affected agencies, including but not limited to CARB and 

USEPA on August 8, 2011. 

e. Public Hearing: 

A public hearing to consider the proposed amendment of Rule 1168 was held on 

September 20, 2011. 

f. Legal Authority to Adopt and Implement: 

The AVAQMD has the authority pursuant to H&S Code §40702 to adopt, 

amend, or repeal rules and regulations and to do such acts as may be necessary 

or proper to execute the duties imposed upon the AVAQMD. 

g. Applicable State Laws and Regulations Were Followed: 

Public notice and hearing procedures pursuant to H&S Code §§40725-40728 

have been followed. See Section (V)(A)(1) above for compliance with state 

findings required pursuant to H&S Code §40727. See Section (V)(B) below for 

compliance with the required analysis of existing requirements pursuant to H&S 

Code §40727.2. See Section (V)(C) for compliance with economic analysis 

requirements pursuant to H&S Code §40920.6. See Section (V)(D) below for 

compliance with provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act 

(CEQA). 

B. WRITTEN ANALYSIS OF EXISTING REQUIREMENTS 

H&S Code §40727.2 requires air districts to prepare a written analysis of all existing federal air 

pollution control requirements that apply to the same equipment or source type as the rule 

proposed for modification by the District. The amendments to Rule 1168 align source 

categories and emission control efficiency requirements to those contained in the CTG. The 

CTG is primarily a guidance document and requires rule adoption to implement its provisions. 

Therefore, the preparation of a written analysis of existing pollution control requirements that 

apply to the same equipment or source type is not required. 

C. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 

1. General 

The amendment of Rule 1168 will align source categories and emission control 

efficiency requirements to those contained in the CTG, and which is the current state of 

adhesive and technology for miscellaneous industrial sources. The economic impact of 

the proposed amendments is expected to be minimal. 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 7

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

2. Incremental Cost Effectiveness 

Pursuant to H&S Code §40920.6, incremental cost effectiveness calculations are 

required for rules and regulations which are adopted or amended to meet the California 

Clean Air Act requirements for Best Available Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT) 

or “all feasible measures” to control volatile compounds, oxides of nitrogen or oxides of 

sulfur. 

The amendments to Rule 1168 are not subject to incremental cost effectiveness 

calculations because this rule does not impose BARCT or “all feasible measures.” 

D. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS (CEQA) 

Through the process described below, it was determined that a Notice of Exemption would be 

the appropriate CEQA process for the proposed amendment of Rule 1168. 

1. The amendment of Rule 1168 meets the CEQA definition of “project.” They are 

not “ministerial” actions. 

2. The amendment of Rule 1168 is exempt from CEQA review because it will not 

create any adverse impacts on the environment. The proposed requirements in the 

proposed amendments to Rule 1168 are more stringent than the currently existing 

requirements (see more detailed discussion in Rule Summary Section (D)) in that: rule 

applicability is expanded to include current CTG source categories; definitions are 

updated to make the rule more comprehensive, and VOC limits for several categories of 

adhesives and solvents have been adjusted downward to align with current limits in 

neighboring districts. Other air districts have adopted similar rules and neither they nor 

USEPA has identified increased usage of adhesives or sealants as a result of the new 

limits. 

Therefore, no adverse environmental effects are foreseen from the amendment and there 

is not potential that the amendments might cause the release of additional air 

contaminants or create any adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, a Class 8 

categorical exemption (14 Cal. Code Reg. §15308) applies. Copies of the documents 

relating to CEQA can be found in Appendix “D”. 

E. SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 

1. Potential Environmental Impacts 

No significant impacts have been identified as a result of the proposed amendments. 

This is primarily due to the fact that the proposed amendments to VOC limits primarily 

reflect the currently available state of technology within the source category. Products 

meeting the proposed VOC limits are readily available in commerce and are currently in 

use within the District. Amounts of product used and methods of use are not expected 

to change as a result of the proposed amendments. In addition, the amendments will 
8 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

result in better enforcement by the District against the use of non-compliant adhesives, 

sealants and sealant primers due to the conformance of the categories with those 

included in the CTG and currently used in commerce.

2. Mitigation of Impacts 

N/A 

3. Alternative Methods of Compliance 

N/A 

F. PUBLIC REVIEW 

See Staff Report Section (V)(A)(1)(g) and (2)(b), as well as Appendix B. 

VI. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION 

A. SOURCE DESCRIPTION 

Rule 1168 - Adhesive and Sealant Applications applies to all industrial and commercial sales 

and applications of adhesives, sealants and sealant primers. Specifically, Rule 1168 applies to 

adhesives, sealants and their associated primers application to general metals, plastics and 

plastic foams, glass, ceramics, rubber, wood, drywall, concrete, masonry and non-graphic arts 

paper products. Excluded from this rule are adhesives and sealants that are covered by other 

source specific rules such as Rule 1124, 1104, 1130 and 1128. The list of these exclusions 

includes adhesives used in aerospace, flat wood operations, flat stock graphic arts (lithographic, 

flexographic, gravure, letterpress and screen-printing), paper, fabric and film, and aerosol 

adhesives. 

Because a disproportionate amount of adhesives and sealants are applied by trowel, cartridges, 

syringes or are sprayed in low volumes (less than one gallon per day), most emissions are 

exempt from any permitting and reporting requirements and are accountable as non-permitted 

or area source emissions. It should be noted that SCAQMD had reported in their year 2000 

Rule 1168 amendment staff report that the SCAQMD’s Annual Emission Reporting program, 

which applies to the largest facilities in the District, accounts for less than 10 percent of the 

annual average VOC inventory of 7.8 tons per day, as reported in the 1997 AQMP for the 

adhesives universe of sources. Because of the difference in population and affected sources the 

AVAQMD would expect a lesser proportion as the District has not recognized any major 

facility for miscellaneous adhesive and sealant applications. 

B. EMISSIONS 

In response to VOC limits for adhesives and sealants set forth in the CTG and in SCAQMD 

technology driving Rule 1168, manufacturers have produced products that in most cases meet 

or exceed the current requirements. Listed below in Table 1 is a side by side comparison of 

current Rule 1168, the CTG, SCAQMD Rule 1168 and the proposed AVAQMD amended 

emission limits. This table indicates which categories have been adjusted and which are new 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 9

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

categories being created as a response to the CARB request to align source categories with the 

2008 CTG. Please note that since issuance of their first comment letter, USEPA has 

determined that they will accept the limit of 510 g/L for Plastic Solvent Welding (PVC).1 Table 

2 contains the proposed VOC limits. 

Table 1 

Category Current AV 

1168 

CTG for 

Miscellaneous 

Industrial 

Adhesives, Sept 

2008 

SCAQMD Rule 

1168, January 

7, 20052

Proposed 

Limit 

Architectural Applications 

Indoor Carpet Adhesives 50 150 50 50 

Carpet Pad Adhesives 50 50 50 

Outdoor Carpet Adhesives 150 250 150 150 

Wood Flooring Adhesives 100 100 100 

Ceramic Tile Adhesives 65 130 65 65 

Dry Wall and Panel Adhesives 50 50 50 

Subfloor Adhesives 50 50 50 

Rubber Floor Adhesives 60 60 60 

VCT and Asphalt Tile Adhesives 50 50 50 

Cove Base Adhesives 50 150 50 50 

Multipurpose Construction Adhesives 70 200 70 70 

Structural Glazing Adhesives 100 100 100 100 

Single Ply Roof Membrane Adhesives 250 250 250 250 

Specialty Applications 

PVC Welding 510 500 510 510* 

CPVC Welding 490 500 490 490 

ABS Welding 325 400 325 325 

Plastic Cement Welding 250 500 250 250 

Adhesive Primer for Plastic 550 550 550 

Computer Diskette Manufacturing 350 350 350 

Contact Adhesives 80 250 80 80 

Special Purpose Contact Adhesives 250 250 250 

Tire Retread 100 100 100 100 

Adhesive Primer for Traffic Marking Tape 150 150 150 

Structural Wood Member Adhesives 140 140 140 

 

1

 See Staff Report Appendix “C”, USEPA comment letter of 10/09/09 and email of 07/25/11. 

2

 SCAQMD most recently amended Rule 1168 on January 7, 2005. This amendment is SIP approved 

(74 FR 67821, 12/21/2009). 
10 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

Sheet Applied Rubber Lining Adhesives 850 850 850 850 

Top and Trim Adhesives 540 250 250** 

Floor Covering Installation (Perimeter 

Bonded Sheet Vinyl) 660 660 

Metal to Urethane/Rubber Molding or 

Casting 850 850 

Motor Vehicle 250 250 

Motor Vehicle Weatherstrip Adhesive 750 750 

Thin Metal Laminating 780 780 

Waterproof Resorcinol Glue 170 170 

Sealants 

Architectural 250 250 250 

Marine Deck 760 760 760 

Nonmembrane Roof 300 300 300 

Roadway 250 250 250 

Single-Ply Roof Membrane 450 450 450 

Other 450 420 420** 

Sealant Primers 

Architectural - Non Porous 250 250 250 

Architectural - Porous 775 775 775 

Modified Bituminous 500 500 500 

Marine Deck 760 760 

Other 750 750 

Substrate Specific Applications 

Metal to Metal 30 30 30 

Plastic Foams 50 50 

Porous Materials (except wood) 120 50 50 

Wood 30 30 30 

Fiberglass 80 80 

Flexible Vinyl 250 250 

Reinforced Plastic Composite 200 200 

Rubber 250 250 

Other Substrates 250 250 

Adhesive Primer 

Motor Vehicle Glass Bonding Primer 900 900 

Plastic Solvent Welding Adhesive Primer 650 650

Single-Ply Roof Membrane Adhesive 

Primer 250 250 

Other Adhesive Primer 250 250 

*This limit will be accepted by USEPA. 

**These limits are proposed to change based on current SCAQMD limits. 

Table 2 

General Adhesive Application Processes* 

VOC Emission Limit Less Water and 

Less Exempt Compounds 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 11

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

Proposed Limits 

in g/L 

Proposed Limits in 

lg/gal 

Fiberglass 80 0.7 

Flexible Vinyl 250 2.1 

Floor Covering Installation (Indoor) 150 1.3 

Floor Covering Installation (Outdoor) 250 2.1 

Metal 30 0.3 

Plastic Foams 50 0.4 

Porous Material (Except Wood) 50 0.4 

Reinforced Plastic Composite 200 1.7 

Rubber 250 2.1 

Wood 30 0.3 

Other Substrates 250 2.1 

 

Specialty Adhesive Application Processes 

Carpet Pad 50 0.4 

Ceramic Tile Installation 65 0.5 

Computer Diskette Manufacturing 350 2.9 

Contact Adhesive 80 0.7 

Cove Base Installation 50 0.4 

Drywall and Panel 50 0.4 

Indoor Carpet 50 0.4 

Metal to Urethane/Rubber Molding or Casting 850 7.1 

Motor Vehicle 250 2.1 

Motor Vehicle Weatherstrip 750 6.3 

Multipurpose Construction 70 0.6 

Outdoor Carpet 150 1.3 

Perimeter Bonded Sheet Vinyl 660 5.5 

Plastic Solvent Welding (except ABS, CPVC, and PVC) 250 2.1 

Plastic Solvent Welding (ABS) 325 2.7 

Plastic Solvent Welding (CPVC) 490 4.1 

Plastic Solvent Welding (PVC) 510 4.3 

Rubber Floor 60 0.5 

Sheet Rubber Lining Installation 850 7.1 

Single-Ply Roof Membrane Installation/Repair 250 2.1 

Special Purpose Contact Adhesive 250 2.1 

Structural Glazing 100 0.8 

Structural Wood Member 140 1.7 

Subfloor 50 0.4 

Thin Metal Laminating 780 6.5 

Tire Repair/Retread 100 0.8 

Top and Trim 250 2.1 

VCT and Asphalt Tile 50 0.4 

Waterproof Resorcinol Glue 170 1.4 

Wood Flooring 100 0.8 

 

Adhesive Primer Application Processes 

Motor Vehicle Glass Bonding 900 7.5 
12 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

Plastic Solvent Welding 550 4.6 

Single-Ply Membrane 250 2.1 

Traffic Marking Tape 150 1.3 

Other Adhesive Primer 250 2.1 

 

Sealant Primers 

Architectural - Non Porous 250 2.1 

Architectural - Porous 775 6.5 

Modified Bituminous 500 4.2 

Marine Deck 760 6.3 

Other Sealant Primer 750 6.3 

 

Sealants 

Architectural 250 2.1 

Marine Deck 760 6.3 

Nonmembrane Roof 300 2.5 

Roadway 250 2.1 

Single-Ply Roof Membrane 450 3.8 

Other Sealant 420 3.5 

*General adhesive application processes are those not specifically identified in other categories listed below. 

C. CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 

A person may comply with the VOC content of adhesives, adhesive Primers, sealants and 

sealant primers pursuant to subsection (C)(1) of the rule, the transfer efficiency as pursuant to 

subsection (C)(5) of the rule, by using approved air pollution control equipment provided that 

the VOC emissions from such operations and/or materials are reduced by 85 percent overall by 

weight pursuant to subsection (C)(6) of the rule, or submission of an Alternate Emission 

Control Plan pursuant to District Rule 108. 

D. PROPOSED RULE SUMMARY 

This section gives a brief overview of the proposed amendments to Rule 1168. 

Section (A) was amended to reflect the proposed VOC categories. 

Section (B) has had the following definitions removed as they are not used in the rule: 

Adhesive Promoter; Nonmembrane Roof Adhesive; Polycarbonate; Polyethylene Terephalate 

Glycol (PETG); Polyurethane Foams; Propellant; and, Rubber Foam. The following new 

definitions have been added to Section (B): Architectural; Flexible Vinyl; Floor Covering 

Installation Adhesive (Indoor); Floor Covering Installation Adhesive (Outdoor); Marine Deck 

Sealant; Metal to Urethane/Rubber Molding or Casting Adhesive; Motor Vehicle Adhesive; 

Motor Vehicle Glass Bonding Primer; Motor Vehicle Weatherstrip Adhesive; Plastic Foam; 

Plastic Solvent Welding Adhesive (ABS); Plastic Solvent Welding Adhesive Primer; Plastic 

Solvent Welding Adhesive (CPVC); Plastic Solvent Welding Adhesive (PVC); Reinforced 

Plastic Composite; Rubber; Single-Ply Roof Membrane Adhesive Primer; Vinyl Composition 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 13

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

Tile (VCT) and Asphalt Tile Adhesive; and, Waterproof Resorcinol Glue. The definition for 

HVLP has been updated to address CARB comment. Definitions have been alphabetized as 

needed, and several typographical errors have also been corrected. 

Subsection (B)(28) and (B)(100) have been modified to reflect the federal definition of VOC 

and to be consistent with the District TBAC policy.

Subsection (C)(2) has been modified to align the source categories of the CTG for 

Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 2008. The source category for PVC Welding in 

the CTG is 500 g/L. USEPA will accept the current rule limit of 510 g/L. The limit for the Top 

and Trim category will be lowered to 250 g/L for consistency with the current SCAQMD rule. 

The limit for Sealant (Other) will be lowered to 420 g/L for consistency with the current 

SCAQMD rule. Other source categories have been renamed for consistency with existing 

categories and definitions and for ease of use. 

Subsection (C)(5)(g) has been modified to require other application methods as efficient as 

HVLP. 

Subsection (C)(6) has been revised to meet the CTG control efficiency requirement. 

Subsection (H)(2) has been amended so that the prohibition of sales and use applies to products 

containing any of the listed chemicals in the subsection. 

Subsection (J)(8) has been modified to require specific products dispensed from aerosol spray 

cans to comply with CARB consumer product regulation found in Title 17 of the California 

Code of Regulations beginning at §94507. 

Various changes have been made for consistency within the rule that do not affect rule content. 

E. SIP HISTORY 

1. SIP History. 

Prior to 1975 the original air district for the Antelope Valley region was the Los Angeles 

County Air Pollution Control District that had a jurisdiction covering the entire county 

of Los Angeles. In 1975, the Southern California APCD was created. It was a joint 

powers authority that had a jurisdiction covering all of the counties of Los Angeles, 

Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino. The SCAQMD came into existence pursuant to 

statute on February 1, 1976 and originally covered only the areas within the South Coast 

Air Basin (SCAB). The legislation was thereafter amended to allow non SCAB areas to 

“opt in.” Los Angeles County exercised this option and thus the Antelope Valley 

became a part of SCAQMD. On July 1, 1997 the AVAPCD replaced the SCAQMD as 

the agency with jurisdiction over the Los Angeles County portion of the Mojave Desert 

Air Basin (MDAB). On January 1, 2002 the AVAPCD was replaced by the AVAQMD. 

 Pursuant to both statutory changes, the rule and regulations of the predecessor district 

were retained until the Governing Board adopted, amended or rescinded them. At the 
14 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

first meeting of both the AVAPCD and the AVAQMD, the respective Governing 

Boards reaffirmed all the rules and regulations in effect at the time the agency changed. 

The jurisdiction of the AVAPCD and the AVAQMD were specified in the statutes as 

the portion of the Los Angeles County contained within the MDAB. The MDAB was 

formerly known as the Southeast Desert Air Basin (SEDAB). In 1997 the SEDAB was 

split into the MDAB and the Salton Sea Air Basin. Descriptions of these air basins can 

be found in 17 Cal. Code Regs. §§60109 and 60144. Since USEPA adopts SIP 

revisions in California as effective within jurisdictional boundaries of local air districts, 

when the local air district boundaries change the SIP as approved by USEPA for that 

area up to the date of the change remains as the SIP in that particular area. Thus, upon 

creation of the AVAPCD on July 1, 1997 the AVAPCD acquired the SIP applicable to 

the Antelope Valley portion of the SCAQMD that was effective as of June 30, 1997. 

Likewise the AVAQMD acquired the SIP that was effective in the jurisdiction of the 

AVAPCD as of December 31, 2000. Therefore, the SIP history for this region is based 

upon the rules adopted, effective, and approved for the Antelope Valley by SCAQMD. 

Rule 1168 was originally adopted by SCAQMD on April 7, 1989. It was thereafter 

amended by SCAQMD on February 1, 1991, July 19, 1991, August 2, 1991, December 

10, 1993, and April 11, 1997. The April 11, 1997 is the version of the rule retained by 

the AVAPCD upon its creation and also retained by the AVAQMD upon its creation. 

The AVAQMD could find no evidence that this version of the rule was acted upon by 

USEPA as a SIP submission. There is no SIP rule in shown in effect for this source 

category currently in the SIP within the jurisdiction of the AVAQMD. 

2. SIP Analysis. 

The proposed amendments of Rule 1168 are derived from SCAQMD Rule 1168 as 

amended October 3, 2003 and January 7, 2005, and the CTG for Miscellaneous 

Industrial Adhesives (September 2008). The SCAQMD version of 1168 as amended 

October 3, 2003 was approved into the SIP for SCAQMD on December 12, 2003 at 68 

FR 69320. The proposed amendments to Rule 1168 are primarily designed to address 

substantive CARB and USEPA comments. This rule amendment will modify and add 

definitions, align the source categories to those in the CTG, decrease the VOC limits for 

several source categories, increase the emission control efficiency requirements, correct 

several typographical errors, and modify the provisions of sales and use section to be 

inclusive of any listed chemicals. USEPA indicated that the emission control efficiency 

deficiency was significant enough to propose a partial approval/ partial disapproval. 

Therefore, the AVAQMD is proposing to amend Rule 1168 to address CARB and 

USEPA comments and make the rule SIP approvable. 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 A-1

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

APPENDIX "A"

Rule 1168 - Adhesive and Sealant Applications

Iterated Version 

The iterated version is provided so that the changes to an existing rule may be easily found. The manner 

of differentiating text is as follows: 

1. Shaded text identifies new or revised language. 

2. Lined out text identifies language which is being deleted. 

3. Normal text identifies the current language of the current rule which will remain unchanged by the 

adoption of the proposed amendments. 

4. Italicized text identifies explanatory material that is not part of the proposed language. 
A-2 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

This page intentionally left blank. 
(Adopted: 04/07/89; Amended: 02/01/91; Amended: 02/01/91; 

Amended: 07/19/91; Amended: 08/02/91; Amended: 12/04/92; 

Amended: 12/10/93; Amended: 04/11/97; Amended: 01/19/10; 

Amended: mm/dd/yy) 

AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-1

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Rule 1168 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

(A) General 

(1) The purpose of this rule is to reduce emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 

and to eliminate emissions of chloroform, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride, 

perchlorethylene, and trichlorethylene from the application of Adhesives, Adhesive 

Bonding Primers, Adhesive Primers, Sealants, Sealant Primers or any other Primers. 

[Amended to reflect proposed categories.]

(2) This rule shall apply to all commercial and industrial sales and applications of 

Adhesives, Adhesive Bonding Primers, Adhesive Primers, Sealants, Sealant Primers, or 

any other Primers, unless otherwise specifically exempted by this rule. [Amended to 

reflect proposed categories.]

(B) Definitions 

For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply: 

(1) Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) - A Pplastic made by reacting monomers of 

acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene and is normally identified with an ABS marking. 

(2) Adhesive - Any substance that is used to bond one surface to another surface by 

attachment. Adhesives include, Adhesive Bonding Primers, Adhesive Primers, 

Adhesive Primers for Plastics and any other Primer used with Adhesives. 

(3) Adhesive Bonding Primer - An Adhesive applied to a surface to improve the bond of 

subsequent Adhesives and sometimes to inhibit corrosion. 

(4) Adhesive Primer - A coating applied to a substrate, prior to the application of an 

Aadhesive, to provide a bonding surface. 

(5) Adhesive Primer For for Plastic - A material applied to a Plastic substrate alone or 

before applying an Adhesive in order to obtain better adhesion.
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(6) Adhesive Promoter - A coating applied to a substrate in a monomolecular thickness to 

promote wetting and form a chemical bond with the subsequently applied material. 

[Definition not used in rule.]

(67) Adhesive Solid - The nonvolatile portion of an Adhesive that remains after heating a 

sample of the material at 110oC for one hour. 

(78) Aerosol Adhesive - Any Adhesive packaged as an aerosol product in which the spray 

mechanism is permanently housed in a non-refillable can designed for hand-held 

application without the need for ancillary hoses or spray equipment. Aerosol Adhesives 

include special purpose spray Adhesives, mist spray Adhesives, and web spray 

Adhesives as defined by 17 Cal. Code Regs. §§94507 et seq. 

(89) Aerosol Spray Can - A hand held, pressurized, non-refillable container which expels 

Adhesives from the container in a finely divided spray when a valve on the container is 

depressed. 

(910) Aerospace Component - The fabricated part, assembly of parts, or completed unit of any 

Aircraft or Sspace Vvehicle (excluding tires), and includes models, mock-ups, 

prototypes, and test coupons.

(101) Aircraft - Any machine designed to travel through the air, without leaving the Eearth's 

atmosphere, whether heavier or lighter than air, including airplanes, balloons, dirigibles, 

helicopters, and missiles. 

(12) Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO) - The person appointed to the position of Air 

Pollution Control Officer of the District pursuant to the provisions of California Health 

& Safety Code §40750 and his or her designee. 

(113) Aircraft Tire Repair - The repair and retreading of used tires used on Aircraft. This 

includes the repair of damage to the tire casing, removal of old tread Rrubber and tread 

reinforcing materials, and application of new tread and tread reinforcing materials.

(12) Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO) - The person appointed to the position of Air 

Pollution Control Officer of the District pursuant to the provisions of California Health 

& Safety Code §40750 and his or her designee. [Alphabetization corrected.]

(13) Architectural - Pertaining to stationary structures including buildings, houses, and 

mobile homes, and their appurtenances. [Derived from SJVUAPCD Rule 4653.]

(14) Architectural Application - The use of an Adhesive, Sealant, Adhesive Primer, or 

Sealant Primer on stationary structures, including mobile homes, and their 

appurtenances. Appurtenances to an Aarchitectural structure include, but are not limited

to: hand railings, cabinets, bathroom and kitchen fixtures, fences, rain gutters and 

downspouts and windows. 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-3 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

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(15) Architectural Sealant or Sealant Primer - Any Sealant or Sealant Primer applied to 

stationary structures, including mobile homes, and their appurtenances. Appurtenances 

to an Aarchitectural structure include, but are not limited to: hand railings, cabinets, 

bathroom and kitchen fixtures, fences, rain gutters and downspouts and windows. 

(16) California Air Resources Board (CARB) - The California State Air Resources Board the 

powers and duties of which are described in Part 2 of Division 26 of the California 

Health & Safety Code (commencing with §39500). [Typographical error corrected 

pursuant to CARB comment 5 of 05/11/10.]

(17) Carpet Pad Adhesive - An Adhesive used for the installation of carpet pad (or cushion) 

beneath a carpet. 

(18) Ceramic Tile Adhesive – Is aAn Adhesive used in the installation of Ceramic Tile

products. 

(19) Ceramic Tiles - A ceramic surfacing unit made from clay or a mixture of clay and other 

materials. 

(20) Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) - Plastic which is a polymer of the chlorinated 

polyvinyl monomer that contains 67 percent chlorine and is normally identified with a 

CPVC marking. 

(21) Coating Solid - The nonvolatile portion of a coating that remains after heating a sample 

of the material at 110oC for one hour. 

(22) Computer Diskette Manufacturing - The process where the fold-over flaps are glued to 

the body of a vinyl jacket. 

(23) Contact Adhesive - An Adhesive applied to two separate surfaces, allowed to dry, and 

brought together for adhesion and bonding with subsequent pressure. 

(24) Cove Base Installation Adhesive - An Adhesive used during the installation of cove 

base (or wall base), which is generally made of vinyl or Rrubber, on a wall or vertical 

surface at floor level. [Typographical error corrected pursuant to CARB comment 5 of 

05/11/10.]

(25) Cyanoacrylate Adhesive - A single-component Rreactive Ddiluent Adhesive that 

contains at least 85 percent by weight ethyl, methyl, methoxymethyl or other functional 

groupings of cyanoacrylate. 

(26) District - The Antelope Valley Air Quality Management District the geographical area 

of which is described in District Rule 103. [Typographical error corrected pursuant to 

CARB comment 5 of 05/11/10.]
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(27) Dryw Wall Adhesive - An Adhesive used during the installation of gypsum dry wall to 

studs or solid surfaces. 

(28) Exempt Compounds - A compound identified as exempt in 40 CFR 51.100(s)(1). 

[Definition modified to reflect the federal definition of a VOC and to be consistent with 

TBAC policy.]

(29) Facility - Any permit unit or grouping of permit units or other air contaminant-emitting 

activities which are located on one or more contiguous properties within the District, in 

actual physical contact or separated solely by a public roadway or other public right-ofway, and are owned or operated by the same Pperson (or by Ppersons under common 

control). Such above-described groupings, if not contiguous, but connected only by 

land carrying a pipeline, shall not be considered one Ffacility. 

(30) Fiberglass - Fine filaments of glass.

(31) Flexible Vinyl – Non-rigid polyvinyl chloride Plastic with a five (5) percent by weight 

plasticizer content. [Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, 

September 2008.]

(32) Floor Covering Installation Adhesive (Indoor) – Any Adhesive intended by the 

manufacturer for use in the installation of vinyl backed carpet, resilient sheet and roll or 

artificial grass. Adhesives used to install ceramic tile, perimeter bonded Sheet Vinyl, 

Flexible Vinyl, indoor carpet, Rubber floor, Subfloor. VCT and Asphalt Tile and wood 

flooring are excluded from this category. [Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous 

Industrial Adhesives, September 2008.]

(33) Floor Covering Installation Adhesive (Outdoor) – Any Adhesive intended by the 

manufacturer for use in the installation of floor covering that is not in an enclosure and 

that is exposed to ambient weather conditions during normal use. Outdoor Carpet is 

excluded from this category. [Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial 

Adhesives, September 2008.]

(341) Foam - A rigid or spongy cellular mass with gas bubbles dispersed throughout. 

(352) Glue - A hard gelatin obtained from hides, tendons, cartilage, bones, etc., of animals. 

(363) Grams Of of VOC Per Liter oOf Adhesive, Less Water aAnd Less Exempt Compounds

- The weight of VOC per combined volume of VOC and Adhesive or Sealant solids, 

and can be calculated by the following equation: 

m w es

s w es

V V V

W W W

LessWater and Less ExemptCompounds

Grams of VOC per Liter of Adhesive

− −

− −

=

,

Where: Ws = weight of volatile compounds, in grams 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-5 

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D3: 08/22/11

 Ww = weight of water, in grams 

 Wes = weight of exempt compounds, in grams 

 Vm = volume of material, in liters 

 Vw = volume of water, in liters 

 Ves = volume of exempt compounds, in liters 

For Adhesives or Sealants that contain Rreactive Ddiluents, the VOC content of the 

Aadhesive or Sealant is determined after curing. The grams of VOC per liter of 

Adhesive or Sealant (except a Llow low-Ssolids Adhesive or Sealant) shall be 

calculated by the following equation: 

rm rw res

rs rw res

V V V

W W W

LessWater and Less ExemptCompunds

Grams of VOC per Liter of Adhesive

− −

− −

=

,

Where: Wrs = weight of volatile compounds not consumed during 

curing, in grams 

 Wrw = weight of water not consumed during curing, in 

grams 

 Wres = weight of exempt compounds not consumed during 

curing, in grams 

 Vrm = volume of material prior to reaction, in liters 

 Vrw = volume of water not consumed during curing, in 

liters 

 Vres = volume of exempt compounds not consumed during 

curing, in liters 

(374) Grams Of of VOC Per Liter oOf Material - The weight of VOC per volume of material 

calculated by the following equation: 

m

s w es

V

W W W

Grams of VOC per Liter of Material − −=

Where: Ws = weight of volatile compounds, in grams 

 Ww = weight of water, in grams 

 Wes = weight of exempt compounds, in grams 

 Vm = volume of material, in liters 

(385) Hand Application Methods - The application of Adhesive or Sealant by manually held 

equipment. Such equipment includes paint brush, hand roller, trowel, spatula, dauber, 
1168-6 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

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rag, sponges, and mechanically- and/or pneumatic-driven syringes without atomization 

of the materials. 

(3936) High-Volume, Low-Pressure (HVLP) Spray - Equipment used to spray a coating by 

means of a gun that operates between 0.1 and 10 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) air 

pressureSpray equipment permanently labeled as such and which is designed and 

operated between 0.1 and 10 pounds per square inch, gauge (psig) air atomizing 

pressure measured dynamically at the center of the air cap and at the air horns. 

[Definition updated to reflect CARB comment 1 of 05/11/10.]

(4037) Indoor Carpet Adhesive - An Adhesive used during the installation of a carpet that is in 

an enclosure and is not exposed to ambient weather conditions during normal use. 

(4138) Light Curable Adhesives and Sealants - Single-component reactive Adhesives and 

Sealants that cure upon exposure to visible-light, ultra-violet light or to an electron 

beam. 

(4239) Low-Solids Adhesive - An Adhesive which has less than one (1) pound (120 grams) of 

solids per gallon of material. 

(430) Low-Solids Adhesive Primer - An Adhesive Primer which has less than one (1) pound 

(120 grams) of solids per gallon of material.

(44) Marine Deck Sealant– A Sealant intended by the manufacturer to be applied to wooden 

marine decks. [Derived from SJVUAPCD Rule 4653, pursuant to CARB comment 2 on 

05/11/10.]

(451) Marine Deck Sealant Primer - Any Sealant Primer intended by the manufacturer to be 

applied to wooden marine decks. [Definition updated for consistency.]

(46) Metal to Urethane/Rubber Molding or Casting Adhesive – Any Adhesive intended by 

the manufacturer to bond metal to high density or elastomeric urethane or molded 

Rubber materials, in heater molding or casting processes, to fabricate products such as 

rollers for computer printers or other paper handling equipment. [Derived from CTG 

for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 2008.]

(42) Modified Bituminous Primer - Primer consisting of bituminous materials and a high 

flash solvent used to prepare a surface by (1) improving the adhesion and (2) absorbing 

dust from the surface for Adhesive or flashing cement bitumen membrane.

(473) Modified Bituminous Materials - Materials obtained from natural deposits of asphalt or 

residues from the distillation of crude oil petroleum or coal which consist mainly of 

hydrocarbons, and include, but are not limited to, asphalt, tar, pitch and asphalt tile that 

are soluble in carbon disulfide. [Typographical error corrected pursuant to CARB 

comment 5 of 05/11/10.]
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-7 

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(48) Modified Bituminous Sealant Primer - Primer consisting of bituminous materials and a 

high flash solvent used to prepare a surface by (1) improving the adhesion and (2) 

absorbing dust from the surface for Adhesive or flashing cement bitumen membrane. 

[Typographical error corrected pursuant to CARB comment 5 of 05/11/10. 

Alphabetization corrected.]

(49) Motor Vehicle Adhesive – An Adhesive, including glass bonding Adhesive, used at a 

Facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating Facility, applied 

for the purpose of bonding two (2) vehicle surfaces together without regard for the 

substrates involved. [Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, 

September 2008.]

(50) Motor Vehicle Glass Bonding Adhesive Primer – A Primer, used at a Facility that is not 

an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating Facility, applied to windshield or 

other glass, or to body openings, to prepare the glass or body opening for the application 

of glass bonding Adhesives or the installation of Adhesive bonded glass. Motor vehicle 

glass bonding Primer includes glass bonding/cleaning Primers that perform both 

functions (cleaning and priming of the windshield or other glass, or body openings) 

prior to the application of the Adhesive or the installation of Adhesive bonded glass. 

[Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 2008.]

(51) Motor Vehicle Weatherstrip Adhesive – An Adhesive, used at a Facility that is not an 

automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating Facility, applied to weatherstripping 

materials for the purpose of bonding the weatherstrip material to the surface of the 

vehicle. [Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 2008.]

(5244) Multipurpose Construction Adhesive - Any Adhesive to be used for the installation or 

repair of various construction materials, including but not limited to: Ddrywall, 

Ssubfloor, Ppanel, Ffiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), ceiling tile and acoustical tile. 

(45) Nonmembrane Roof Adhesive - Any Adhesive to be used for the installation or repair of 

nonmembrane roofs. This category includes Plastic or asphalt roof cement, asphalt roof 

coatings, and cold application cement. [Definition not used. Only category specified is 

Nonmembrane roof sealant.]

(5346) Nonmembrane Roof Sealant - Any Sealant to be used for installation or repair of 

nonmembrane roofs. This category includes Plastic or asphalt roof cement, asphalt roof 

coatings, and cold application cement. 

(5447) Orthotics and Prosthetics - Medical devicses designed and fabricated to address human 

neuromuscular and structural skeletal problems in order to activate, supplement, or 

replace weakened, atrophied or missing limbs. [Typographical error corrected.]

(5548) Outdoor Carpet Adhesive - An Adhesive used during the installation of carpet that is not 

in an enclosure and is exposed to ambient weather conditions during normal use. 
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(5649) Panel Adhesive - An Adhesive used for the installation of plywood, pre-decorated 

hardboard (or tileboard), Ffiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), and similar pre-decorated 

or non-decorated panels to studs or solid surfaces.

(5750) Percent VOC bBy Weight - The ratio of the weight of the VOC to the weight of the 

material, expressed as a percentage of VOC by weight. The percent VOC by weight can 

be calculated as follows: 

= ×100

W

W

Percent VOCbyWeight v

Where: Wv = wWeight of the VOCs, in grams 

 W = wWeight of material in grams 

(58) Perimeter Bonded Sheet Flooring Installation – Installation of sheet flooring with vinyl 

backing onto a nonporous substrate using an adhesive designed to be applied only to a 

strip of up to four (4) inches wide around the perimeter of the sheet flooring. [Derived 

from CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 2008, to be used in 

conjunction with the category of Perimeter Bonded Sheet Vinyl Adhesive.]

(5951) Person - Any individual, firm, association, organization, partnership, business, trust, 

corporation, company, contractor, supplier, installer, user or owner, or any state or local 

governmental agency or public district or any other officer or employee thereof. Person 

also means the United States or its agencies to the extent authorized by federal law. 

(60) Plastic Foam - Foam constructed of Plastics. [Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous 

Industrial Adhesives, September 2008.]

(6152) Plastic Cement Solvent Welding Adhesive - The use of Adhesives made of resins and 

solvents which are used to dissolve the surfaces of Plastic, except ABS, CPVC, and 

PVC Plastic, to form a bond between mating surfaces. [Terminology changed for 

consistency.]

(62) Plastic Solvent Welding Adhesive (ABS) – An Adhesive that is intended by the 

manufacturer to weld ABS plastic. [Derived from SJVUAPCD Rule 4653, pursuant to 

CARB comment 2 of 05/11/10.]

(63) Plastic Solvent Welding Adhesive Primer – Any Primer intended by the manufacturer 

for use to prepare Plastic substrates prior to bonding or welding. [Derived from CTG 

for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 2008.]
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-9 

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(64) Plastic Solvent Welding Adhesive (CPVC) – An Adhesive intended by the manufacturer 

for welding of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride plastic, and labeled as such. [Derived 

from SJVUAPCD Rule 4653, pursuant to CARB comment 2 on 05/11/10.]

(65) Plastic Solvent Welding Adhesive (PVC) – An Adhesive intended by the manufacturer 

for use in the welding of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic pipe. [Derived from SJVUAPCD 

Rule 4653, pursuant to CARB comment 2 on 05/11/10.]

(53) Plastic Foam - A foam constructed of Plastics. [Alphabetization corrected.]

(6654) Plastics - Synthetic materials chemically formed by the polymerization of organic 

(carbon-based) substances. Plastics are usually compounded with modifiers, extenders, 

and/or reinforcers. They are used to produce pipe, solid sheet, film, or bulk products. 

(55) Polycarbonate - A thermoplastic resin derived from bisphenol A and phosgene, a linear

polyester of carbonic acid, dihydroxy compound and any carbonate diester, or by ester 

interchange. [Definition not used.]

(56) Polyethylene Terephalate - A thermoplastic polyester formed from ethylene glycol by 

direct esterification or by catalyzed ester exchange between ethylene glycol and 

dimethyl terephalate. [Definition not used.]

(57) Polyethylene Terephalate Glycol (PETG) - A glycol modified polyethylene terephalate. 

[Definition not used.]

(58) Polyurethane Foams - Plastic foams, as defined in "Whittington's Dictionary of 

Plastics," page 329, and may be either rigid or flexible. [Definition not used.]

(6759) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) - Plastic which is a polymer of the chlorinated vinyl 

monomer that contains 57 percent chlorine and is normally identified with a PVC 

marking. 

(6860) Porous Material - A substance which has tiny openings, often microscopic, in which 

fluids may be absorbed or discharged. 

(6961) Primer - A material applied to a substrate to improve adhesion of subsequently applied 

Adhesive. 

(62) Propellant - A fluid under pressure which expels the contents of a container when a 

valve is opened. [Definition not used.]

(7063) Reactive Diluent - A liquid which is a VOC during application and one in which, 

through chemical and/or physical reactions, such as polymerization, 20 percent or more 

of the VOC becomes an integral part of a finished material.
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(71) Reinforced Plastic Composite – Composite material consisting of Plastic reinforced 

with fibers. [Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 

2008.]

(7264) Roadway Sealant - Any Sealant to be applied to public streets, highways, and other 

surfaces, including but not limited to curbs, berms, driveways, and parking lots. 

(7365) Roll Coater - A series of mechanical rollers that form a thin coating or Adhesive film on 

the surface roller, which is applied to a substrate by moving the substrate underneath the 

roller.

(74) Rubber – Any natural or manmade rubber substrate, including but not limited to, 

styrene-butadiene rubber, polychloroprene (neoprene), butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, 

chlorosulfonated polyethylene and ethylene propylene diene terpolymer. [Derived from 

CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 2008.]

(7566) Rubber Flooring Adhesive - The installation of flooring material in which both the back 

and the top surface are made of synthetic Rrubber, and which may be in sheet or tile 

form. 

(67) Rubber Foam - A foam constructed of natural or synthetic rubber. [Definition not 

used.]

(68) South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) - The air quality

district created pursuant to Division 26, Part 3, Chapter 5.5 of the California

Health & Safety Code (commencing with §40400). [Alphabetization corrected.]

(7669) Sealant - Any material with Adhesive properties that is formulated primarily to fill, seal, 

or waterproof gaps or joints between two (2) surfaces. Sealants include Sealant Primers 

and caulks. 

(7770) Sealant Primer - Any product applied to a substrate, prior to the application of a Sealant, 

to enhance the bonding surface. 

(71) Shoe Repair, Luggage And Handbag Adhesive - An Adhesive used to repair worn, torn 

or otherwise damaged uppers, soles, and heels of shoes, or for making repairs to luggage 

and handbags. [Alphabetization corrected.]

(7872) Sheet-Applied Rubber Lining OperationInstallation Adhesive - The hand application of 

sheet Rrubber lining to metal or Plastic substrates in order to protect the underlying 

substrate from corrosion or abrasion. These operations also include laminating sheet 

Rrubber to fabric. [Terminology changed for consistency.]

(79) Shoe Repair, Luggage and Handbag Adhesive - An Adhesive used to repair worn, torn 

or otherwise damaged uppers, soles, and heels of shoes, or for making repairs to luggage 

and handbags. 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-11 

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(80) Single-Ply Roof Membrane Adhesive Primer – Any Primer labeled for use to clean and 

promote adhesion of the single-ply roof membrane seams or splices prior to bonding. 

[Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 2008.]

(8173) Single-Ply Roof Membrane Installation/Repair Adhesive - Any Adhesive Sealant to be 

used for the installation or repair of single-ply roof membrane. Installation includes, but 

is not limited to attaching the edge of the membrane to the edge of the roof and applying 

flashings to vents, pipes, or ducts that protrude through the membrane. [Updated for 

consistency with Table 1 Categories.]

(8274) Single-Ply Roof Membrane Sealant - Any Sealant to be used for the installation or 

repair of single-ply roof membrane to the edge of the roof and applying flashings to 

vents, pipes, or ducts that protrude through the membrane. 

(8375) Solvent Welding - The softening of the surfaces of two substrates by wetting them with 

solvents and/or Adhesives, and joining them together with a chemical and/or physical 

reaction(s) to form a fused union.

(84) South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) - The air quality

district created pursuant to Division 26, Part 3, Chapter 5.5 of the California

Health & Safety Code (commencing with §40400).

(8576) Space Vehicle - A vehicle designed to travel beyond Earth's atmosphere. 

(8677) Special Purpose Contact Adhesive - A Contact Adhesive that is used to bond all of the 

following substrates to any surface: melamine covered board, metal, unsupported vinyl, 

Teflon, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, Rrubber and wood veneer 1/16 inch 

or less in thickness. 

(8778) Structural Glazing Adhesive - Any Adhesive to be used to adhere glass, ceramic, metal, 

stone, or composite panels to exterior building frames. 

(8879) Structural Wood Member Adhesive - An Adhesive used for the construction of any load 

bearing joints in wooden joists, trusses, or beams. 

(8980) Subfloor Adhesive - An Adhesive used in the installation of subflooring material over 

floor joists. 

(9081) Thin Metal Laminating Adhesive- A process of bonding multiple layers of metal to 

metal or metal to Plastic in the production of electronic or magnetic components in 

which the thickness of the bond line(s) is less than 0.25 mil. [Terminology changed for 

consistency.]

(9182) Tire Repair Adhesive- The expanding of a hole, tear, fissure, or blemish in a tire casing 

by grinding or gouging, applying Adhesive, and filling the hole or crevice with Rrubber. 
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(9283) Tire Retread Adhesive - Any Adhesive to be applied to the back of pre-cured tread 

Rrubber and to the casing and cushion Rrubber, or to be used to seal buffed tire casings 

to prevent oxidation while the tire is being prepared for a new tread. 

(9384) Top and Trim Adhesive - An Adhesive used during the installation of automotive and 

marine trim, including, but not limited to, headliners, vinyl tops, vinyl trim, sunroofs, 

dash covering, door covering, floor covering, panel covering and upholstery. 

(9485) Traffic Marking Tape - Preformed reflective tape to be applied to public streets, 

highways, and other surfaces, including but not limited to curbs, berms, driveways, and 

parking lots. [Typographical error corrected pursuant to CARB comment 5 of 

05/11/10.]

(95586) Traffic Marking Tape Adhesive Primer - Any Adhesive Primer intended by the 

manufacturer to be applied to surfaces prior to installation of Ttraffic Mmarking Ttape. 

(9687) Transfer Efficiency - The ratio of the weight or volume of Coating Solids adhering to an 

object to the total weight or volume, respectively, of Coating Solids used in the 

application process, expressed as a percentage. 

(9788) United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) - The United States 

Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator of the USEPA and his or her 

authorized representative. 

(9889) Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT) and Asphalt Tile Adhesive - An Adhesive intended by 

the manufacturer for the installation of vinyl composite tile or asphalt tile flooringA 

material made from thermoplastic resins, fillers and pigments. [Derived from 

SJVUAPCD Rule 4653, pursuant to CARB comment 2 of 05/11/10.]

(9990) Viscosity - The internal friction of a liquid that makes it resistant to flow. 

(10091) Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) - Any compound of carbon, excluding 

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and 

ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions and 

those compounds listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s)(1). [Definition modified to reflect the 

federal definition of a VOC and to be consistent with TBAC policy.]

(101) Waterproof Resorcinol Glue – A two-part resorcinol-resin-based Adhesive designed for 

applications where the bond line must be resistant to continuous immersion in fresh or 

salt water. [Derived from CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 

2008.]

(10292) Wood Flooring Adhesive - An Adhesive used to install a wood floor surface, 

which may be in the form of Pparquet tiles, Pplanks, or strip-wood. 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-13 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

(10393) Wood Parquet Flooring - Wood flooring in tile form constructed of smaller 

pieces of wood which are joined together in a pattern by the maker to form the tile. 

(10494) Wood Plank Flooring - Solid or laminated wood in plank form. 

(C) Requirements 

(1) After January 1, 1993, a Pperson shall not apply any Adhesives, Sealants, Adhesive 

Bonding Primers, Adhesive Primers, Sealant Primers, or any other Primer which have a 

VOC content in excess of 250 g/L less water and less Eexempt Ccompounds unless 

otherwise specified in subsection (C)(2).

(2) After [date of rule amendment]January 19, 2010, a Pperson shall not apply Adhesives, 

Adhesive Primers, Sealants, Adhesive Bonding Primers, Adhesive Primers, Sealant 

Primers, or any other Primer which have a VOC content in excess of the limits specified 

in Table 1: 
1168-14 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

Table 1

VOC – Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds3

Limit (Grams per Liter)

Architectural Applications

Indoor Carpet Adhesives 50

Carpet Pad Adhesives 50

Outdoor Carpet Adhesives 150

Wood Flooring Adhesives 100

Ceramic Tile Adhesives 65

Dry Wall and Panel Adhesives 50

Subfloor Adhesives 50

Rubber Floor Adhesives 60

VCT and Asphalt Tile Adhesives 50

Cove Base Adhesives 50

Multipurpose Construction Adhesives 70

Structural Glazing Adhesives 100

Single Ply Roof Membrane Adhesives 250

Specialty Applications

PVC Welding 510

CPVC Welding 490

ABS Welding 325

Plastic Cement Welding 250

Adhesive Primer for Plastic 550

Computer Diskette Manufacturing 350

Contact Adhesives 80

Special Purpose Contact Adhesives 250

Tire Retread 100

Adhesive Primer for Traffic marking Tape 150

Structural Wood member Adhesives 140

Sheet Applied Rubber Lining Adhesives 850

Top and Trim Adhesives 540

Sealants

Architectural 250

Marine Deck 760

Nonmembrane Roof 300

Roadway 250

Single-Ply Roof Membrane 450

Other 450

Sealant Primers

Architectural - Non Porous 250

Architectural - Porous 775

Modified Bituminous 500

 

3

 For low-solids Adhesives or Sealants the VOC limit is expressed in grams per liter of material as 

determined pursuant to subsection (B)(34); for all other Adhesives and Sealants, VOC limits are 

expressed as grams of VOC per liter of Adhesive or Sealant less exempt compounds pursuant to 

subsection (B)(33).
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-15 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

VOC – Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds3

Limit (Grams per Liter)

Marine Deck 760

Others 750

VOC Emission Limit Less Water and 

Less Exempt Compounds 

General Adhesive Application Processes*

Proposed Limits 

in g/L

Proposed Limits 

in lb/gal

Fiberglass 80 0.7

Flexible Vinyl 250 2.1

Floor Covering Installation (Indoor) 150 1.3

Floor Covering Installation (Outdoor) 250 2.1

Metal 30 0.3

Plastic Foams 50 0.4

Porous Material (Except Wood) 50 0.4

Reinforced Plastic Composite 200 1.7

Rubber 250 2.1

Wood 30 0.3

Other Substrates 250 2.1

Specialty Adhesive Application Processes

Carpet Pad 50 0.4

Ceramic Tile Installation 65 0.5

Computer Diskette Manufacturing 350 2.9

Contact Adhesive 80 0.7

Cove Base Installation 50 0.4

Drywall and Panel 50 0.4

Indoor Carpet 50 0.4

Metal to Urethane/Rubber Molding or Casting 850 7.1

Motor Vehicle 250 2.1

Motor Vehicle Weatherstrip 750 6.3

Multipurpose Construction 70 0.6

Outdoor Carpet 150 1.3

Perimeter Bonded Sheet Vinyl 660 5.5

Plastic Solvent Welding (except ABS, CPVC, and PVC) 250 2.1

Plastic Solvent Welding (ABS) 325 2.7

Plastic Solvent Welding (CPVC) 490 4.1

Plastic Solvent Welding (PVC) 510 4.3

Rubber Floor 60 0.5

Sheet Rubber Lining Installation 850 7.1

Single-Ply Roof Membrane Installation/Repair 250 2.1

Special Purpose Contact Adhesive 250 2.1

Structural Glazing 100 0.8

Structural Wood Member 140 1.7

Subfloor 50 0.4

Thin Metal Laminating 780 6.5
1168-16 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

Tire Repair/Retread 100 0.8

Top and Trim 250 2.1

VCT and Asphalt Tile 50 0.4

Waterproof Resorcinol Glue 170 1.4

Wood Flooring 100 0.8

Adhesive Primer Application Processes

Motor Vehicle Glass Bonding 900 7.5

Plastic Solvent Welding 550 4.6

Single-Ply Membrane 250 2.1

Traffic Marking Tape 150 1.3

Other Adhesive Primer 250 2.1

Sealant Primers

Architectural - Non Porous 250 2.1

Architectural - Porous 775 6.5

Modified Bituminous 500 4.2

Marine Deck 760 6.3

Other Sealant Primer 750 6.3

Sealants

Architectural 250 2.1

Marine Deck 760 6.3

Nonmembrane Roof 300 2.5

Roadway 250 2.1

Single-Ply Roof Membrane 450 3.8

Other Sealant 420 3.5

*General adhesive application processes are those not specifically identified in other categories listed 

below. 

[Source categories have been aligned to the source categories of the CTG for 

Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives, September 2008, pursuant to CARB comment 4 of 

05/11/10.]

If an Adhesive is used to bond dissimilar substrates together the Adhesive with the highest VOC 

content shall be allowed.

(3) Containers used to dispose of VOC-laden cloth or paper used in stripping cured 

Adhesives or Sealants shall be closed except when depositing or removing VOC-laden 

cloth or paper from the container. 

(4) Solvent Cleaning Operations: Storage and disposal of VOC-containing materials shall 

be conducted in accordance with the provisions of District Rule 1171 - Solvent Cleaning 

Operations. 

(5) Transfer Efficiency 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-17 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

A Pperson shall not apply Adhesives or Sealants unless the Adhesive or Sealant is 

applied with properly operating equipment in accordance with operating procedures 

specified by either the equipment manufacturer or the APCO. Application of Adhesives 

shall be accomplished only by the use of one (1) of the following methods: 

(a) Electrostatic application; or 

(b) Flow coat; or 

(c) Dip coat; or 

(d) Roll Ccoater; or 

(e) High-Volume, Low-Pressure (HVLP) spray; or 

(f) Hand Application Methods; or 

(g) Such other Adhesive application methods as are demonstrated to the APCO 

Officer to be capable of achieving at least sixty-five percent (65 percent) transfer 

efficiency no less efficiency than HVLP method and for which prior written 

approval of the APCO has been obtained; or [CTG requires other application 

methods to be as efficient as HVLP, pursuant to USEPA comment of10/09/09.]

(h) For Adhesives with a Vviscosity of 200 centipoise or greater, as applied, airless 

spray, air-assisted airless spray, and air-atomized spray may also be used. 

(6) A Pperson may comply with the provisions of subsections (C)(1), (C)(2), or (C)(5), or 

all three, by using approved air pollution control equipment, provided that the VOC 

emissions from such operations and/or materials are reduced by 80 85 percent overall, 

by weight. [Revised to meet CTG control efficiency pursuant to USEPA comment of 

10/09/09.]

(7) A Pperson may comply with the provisions of subsection (C)(1) and subsection (C)(2) 

by means of an Alternative Emission Control Plan pursuant to District Rule 108 -

Alternative Emission Control Plans. 

(8) If anywhere on the container of any Adhesive or Sealant, on any sticker or label affixed 

thereto, or in any sales or advertising literature, any representation is made that the 

Adhesive or Sealant may be used for any other source specific rule application, for 

which there is a lower VOC standard, the lowest VOC standard shall apply. 

(9) The VOC content of Adhesives and Sealants that are applied with the use of refillable 

pressurized containers are subject to the VOC limits of this rule. 

(D) Recordkeeping Requirements 
1168-18 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

Notwithstanding provisions of Sectionsubdivision (I), records shall be maintained pursuant to 

District Rule 109. 

(E) Methods of Analysis 

(1) The VOC content of cleaning materials and Adhesives or Sealants shall be determined 

by using USEPA Reference Method 24 (Determination of Volatile Matter Content, 

Water Content, Density Volume Solids, and Weight Solids of Surface Coating, 40 CFR 

Part 60, Appendix A, utilizing Procedure B of ASTM Method D2369), or the 

SCAQMD Method 304. 

(2) The Eexempt Ccompound's content shall be determined by Methods 302 and 303 in 

SCAQMD’s "Laboratory Methods of Analysis for Enforcement Samples" Or ASTM 

Method D4475-85. 

(3) The VOC content of PVC, CPVC, and ABS pipe cements, Adhesive Primer for Plastic 

shall be determined by Method 316A in SCAQMD’s "Laboratory Method of Analysis 

for Enforcement Samples." 

(4) The VOC content of cyanoacrylate Adhesives shall be determined by Method 316B in 

SCAQMD’s “Laboratory Methods of Analysis for Enforcement Samples.” 

(F) Test Methods 

(1) The efficiency of the control device and the VOC content measured and calculated as 

carbon in the control device exhaust gases shall be determined by USEPA's Test 

Method 18, or CARB Method 422 for the determination of emissions of Exempt 

Compounds and USEPA's Test Methods 25, 25A; or SCAQMD's Method 25.1 or 

Method 25.3 (Determination of Total Gaseous Non-Methane Organic Emissions as 

Carbon) for the determination of total organic compound emissions. Emissions 

determined to exceed any limits established by this rule through the use of any of the 

above-referenced test methods shall constitute a violation of the rule. 

(2) Viscosity will be determined by ASTM D 1084-88.

(3) The following classes of compounds: cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated 

alkanes; cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with no unsaturations; 

cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary amines with no unsaturations; 

and sulfur-containing perfluorocarbons with no unsaturations and with sulfur bonds 

only to carbon and fluorine, will be analyzed as Eexempt Ccompounds for compliance 

with sSection (C), only at such time as manufacturers specify which individual 

compounds are used in the coating formulations and identify the test methods, which, 

prior to such analysis, have been approved by the USEPA, that can be used to quantify 

the amounts of each Eexempt Ccompound. 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-19 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

(G) Prohibition of Specifications 

(1) A Pperson shall not solicit or require any other Pperson to use, in the District, any 

Adhesives, Sealants or combination of Adhesives or Sealants in violation of the 

requirements of this rule. 

(2) The requirements of this section shall apply to all written or oral agreements executed or 

entered into after July 1, 1989. 

(H) Prohibition of Sales and Use 

(1) On and after [date of rule amendment] January 19, 2009, except as provided in Ssection 

(J), or subsection (3) below, no Pperson shall use, supply, sell, or offer for sale an

Adhesive, Sealant, or Adhesive or Sealant Primer for use in the District that at the time 

of sale exceeds the applicable VOC limits specified in subsections (C)(1) and (C)(2). 

(2) On and after [date of rule amendment]January 19, 2009, except as provided in 

subsection (3) below, no Pperson shall use, supply, sell, or offer for sale an Adhesive, 

Sealant, or Adhesive or Sealant Primer for use in the District that contains chloroform, 

ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, and or trichloroethylene. 

[Prohibition of sales and use applies to products containing any of the listed chemicals. 

 Change made pursuant to CARB comment 5 of 05/11/10.]

(3) The prohibition of sales and use as specified in subsections (H)(1) and (H)(2) shall not 

apply to the following: 

(a) Adhesives and Sealants shipped, supplied or sold to Ppersons for use outside the 

District; 

(b) Any manufacturer of Adhesives or Sealants, provided that the manufacturer has 

complied with the labeling requirements of District Rule 443.1 – Labeling of 

Materials Containing Organic Solvents, and the product is not sold directly to a 

user located in the District, or the product was sold to an independent distributor 

or a sales outlet located in the District that is not a subsidiary of, or under the 

control of the manufacturer, and was informed in writing by the manufacturer 

about the compliance status of the product with this rule; and 

(c) Adhesives and Sealants that contain less than one (1) percent by weight of 

methylene chloride. 

(I) Rule 442 Applicability 
1168-20 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

(1) Any Adhesive, Sealant, Adhesive or Sealant application, operation, or Pperson which is 

exempt from all or a portion of this rule, shall comply with the applicable provisions of 

District Rule 442 – Usage of Solvents. 

(J) Exemptions 

(1) The provisions of subsection (C)(1) and subsection (C)(2) shall not apply to the 

following: 

(a) Adhesives used in Ttire Rrepair; or 

(b) Adhesives and/or Adhesive application processes that are subject to the 

provisions of District Rules 1104, 1124, 1128, 1130 and 1130.1. 

(2) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to Aerospace Components that are subject to 

the provisions of District Rule 1124. 

(3) The provisions of subsection (C)(5) and Sectionsubdivision (D) shall not be applied to 

the application of Adhesives or Sealants that contain less than 20 g/L of VOC per liter 

of Adhesives or Sealants, less water and less Eexempt Ccompounds. 

(4) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to any Facility that uses less than one (1) pint 

of Adhesives in any one (1) day so long as the products were purchased prior to [date of 

rule amendment][adoption date]. 

(5) The provisions of sSection (C) shall not apply to research and development programs 

and quality assurance labs, provided that: 

(a) A record is kept of: 

(i) Tthe date when the Adhesives are used, and the type of application(s); 

and

(ii) Tthe amount of Adhesives used and the VOC content of such Adhesives; 

and

(iii) Tthe amount of solvents used and VOC content of such solvents; and 

(iv) Tthe manufacturer/suppliers identification and type of material. 

(b) Such records shall be retained in accordance with the provisions of 

Sectionsubdivision (D) of this rule. 

(6) The provisions of subsection (C)(1) and subsection (C)(2) shall not apply to a Ffacility 

that demonstrates that the total volume of non-compliant Adhesives, Sealants, Adhesive 

Primers, Sealant Primers, and Adhesive Bonding Primers is less than 55 gallons per 

Facility per rolling 12 month period. On or after January 19, 2009, a Facility may not 

use this subsection to exclude non-compliant Adhesives used in Architectural 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 1168-21 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

Applications, Contact Adhesives, Special Purpose Contact Adhesives and Adhesives 

used on Pporous substrates. 

(7) The provisions of Sectionsubdivision (C) shall not apply to Ssolvent Wwelding 

operations used in the manufacturing of medical devices. 

(8) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to Aerosol Adhesives and Primers dispensed 

from Aerosol Spray Cans. These products must comply with the CARB consumer

product regulation found in Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations, beginning at 

§94507. [Modification made pursuant to CARB comment 2 of 07/12/11.]

(9) The provisions of subsection (C)(1) and subsection (C)(2) shall not apply to any 

Adhesive used exclusively for Tthin Mmetal Llaminating operations, provided that the 

Adhesive contains less than 780 grams of VOC per liter of Adhesive, less water and less 

Eexempt Ccompounds, as applied, and the Facility uses a total of three (3) gallons per 

day or less of these Adhesives. 

(10) The provisions of this rule, except subsection (H)(2) and Ssection (D), shall not apply 

to Llight Ccurable Adhesives and Sealants with a VOC content no more than 50 grams 

per liter, less water and less Eexempt Ccompounds. 

(11) The provisions of this rule, except subsection (H)(2), shall not apply to the use of 

Ccyanoacrylate Adhesives. 

(12) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to Adhesives and Sealants subject to the 

California Air Resources BoardCARB consumer products regulation found in Title 17 

of the California Code of Regulations, beginning at §94507. 

(13) A Pperson may sell or apply a non-complying VOC-containing or methylene chloridecontaining product for one (1) year after the effective date in subsection (C)(2) for 

VOC-containing Adhesives and Sealants, and for one year after the applicable effective 

date of subsection (H)(2), provided: 

(a) The product complies with the previous applicable VOC limit, 

(b) The product was manufactured prior to the effective date, and 

(c) The date of manufacture or a code indicating that date is clearly displayed on the 

product. 

(14) The provisions of this rule, except subsection (H)(2), shall not apply to Adhesives used 

to fabricate Oorthotics and Pprosthetics under a medical doctor’s prescription. 

(15) The provisions of this rule, except subsection (H)(2), shall not apply to Sshoe Rrepair, 

Lluggage, and Hhandbag Adhesives. 
1168-22 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Adhesive and Sealant Applications 

D3: 08/22/11

See SIP Table at http://www.avaqmd.ca.gov/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=921

[SIP: Submitted as amended 01/19/10 on mm/dd/yy; Submitted as amended 12/10/93 on 10/19/94; 

Submitted as amended 12/4/92 on 5/13/93; Submitted as amended 8/2/91 on 9/14/92; Submitted as 

amended _____ on 12/31/90; Submitted as amended ______ on 3/26/90]
AVAQMD Rule 1168 B-1

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

APPENDIX "B" 

PUBLIC NOTICE DOCUMENTS

1. Proof of Publication for Notice of Public Hearing – Antelope Valley Press, August 18, 2011 
B-2 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

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AVAQMD Rule 1168 

B-3

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11
B-4 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

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AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-1

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

APPENDIX "C" 

PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES

1. Transmittal of USEPA Rule Review Comments, October 9, 2009 

2. Transmittal of CARB Staff Rule Review Comments, May 11, 2010 

3. USEPA email (Adrianne Borgia), May 10, 2011 

4. Transmittal of CARB Staff Rule Review Comments, July 12, 2011 

5. USEPA email (Adrianne Borgia), July 25, 2011 

6. Lyondell Chemical comment letter, August 15, 2011 

7. ARB Staff Rule Review Results, September 1, 2011 
C-2 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

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AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-3

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

1. USEPA comment, 10/09/09 

1 

2 
C-4 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

1. Pursuant to EPA email of July 25, 2011 (comment 5 in this appendix), EPA Region 9 will 

accept the limit of 510 g/L for PVC welding adhesive. 

2. Consistent with the CTG, the emission control efficiency in section (C)(6) has been revised 

from 80% reduction to 85% reduction. 

District response to USEPA comment 1, 10/09/09 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-5

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

2. CARB comment, 05/11/10 
C-6 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

1 

2 

4 

3 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-7

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

5 
C-8 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

5 cont. 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-9

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

1. Section (B)(39) definition for HVLP has been modified to read as requested. 

2. Pursuant to comment 4, source categories were realigned to those contained in the 2008 

CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives. Definitions were added to Section (B) to 

reflect the additional source categories. 

3. USEPA changes requested 10/09/09 have been incorporated. Please see District response to 

comment letter 1. 

4. Source categories have been aligned to those in the 2008 CTG for Miscellaneous Industrial 

Adhesives. 

5. Typographical errors corrected as needed. Most of the typographical errors listed in the 

comment letter pertaining to Section (B) and (C) had been corrected prior to amendment 

and did not need to be addressed. Section (H)(2) was changed so that the prohibition of 

sales and use applies to products containing any one of the listed compounds by changing 

“and” to “or.” 

District response to CARB comment 2, 05/11/10 
C-10 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

3. USEPA comment, 05/10/11 

1 

2 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-11

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

1. Section (C)(6) was revised to meet CTG control efficiency of 85%. 

2. Section (C)(5)(g) was modified to require the application methods to be as efficient as 

HVLP. 

District response to USEPA comment 3, 05/10/11 
C-12 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

4. CARB comment, 07/12/11 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-13

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

1 

2 
C-14 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

1. Pursuant to email of July 25, 2011 (see comment 5), USEPA Region 9 will accept the limit 

of 510 g/L for PVC welding adhesive. 

2. Section (J)(8) has been modified with the suggested language as requested. 

District response to CARB comment 4, 07/12/114 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-15

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

5. USEPA comment, 07/25/11 
C-16 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

No comment required. The District will maintain limit of 510 g/L for PVC welding adhesive based on 

this USEPA guidance. 

District response to USEPA comment 5, 07/25/11 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-17

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

6. Lyondell Chemical comment, 08/15/11 

1 
C-18 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

1. Definitions (B)(28) and (B)(100) both modified to reflect the federal definition of a VOC and to 

be consistent with the District TBAC policy. 

District response to Lyondell comment 6, 08/15/11 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 C-19

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

7. ARB Staff Rule Review Results, 09/01/11 
C-20 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

No response required. 

District response to ARB comment 7, 09/01/11 
AVAQMD Rule 1168 D-1

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

APPENDIX "D" 

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 

DOCUMENTATION

1. Notice of Exemption – Los Angeles County, posted October 7, 2011 to November 6, 2011 
D-2 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

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AVAQMD Rule 1168 

D-3

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11
D-4 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

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AVAQMD Rule 1168 E-1

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11 

APPENDIX "E" 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following documents were consulted in the preparation of this staff report and the proposed 

amendment of Rule 1168: 

1. Control Techniques Guidelines for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives (EPA-453/R-08-

005), September 2008. 

2. South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1168 – Adhesive and Sealant 

Applications, Amended January 7, 2005. 

3. State of California Air Resources Board Determination of Reasonably Available Control 

Technology and Best Available Retrofit Control Technology for Adhesives and Sealants, 

December 1998. 
E-2 AVAQMD Rule 1168 

Final Staff Report, 12/08/11

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