# Patent

## Title
Flow control liner system

## Abstract

An apparatus is disclosed that includes a ditch liner formed with two opposing walls. A plurality of friction control corrugations is formed in both of the two opposing walls. The apparatus also includes one or more subsurface aprons.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part from co-pending continuation-in-part application, application Ser. No. 12/100,829, filed Apr. 10, 2008, (“Co-Pending Application”) for an ASYMMETRICAL CORRUGATED DITCH LINER which has matured into U.S. Pat. No. 7,758,282 issued on Jul. 20, 2010.


FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
The flow control liner system disclosed and claimed in this document pertains generally to transportation of water and other fluids and materials. The new and useful invention claimed in this document pertains to a ditch liner system for conveying either desirable or undesirable fluids, including not only desirable fluids such as water, but also fluid mixtures and admixtures containing undesirable solids, gases, trash, dirt, toxins, contaminants, and a wide range of other solids, fluids, gases and other undesirable matter (collectively, in this document, “fluids and materials”) through the flow control liner system. More specifically, the problem of controlling the flow of fluid and materials through a liner section is solved by forming corrugations in a liner section in such a way as to form friction control corrugations in the opposing walls of the liner section. In addition, potential erosion flow is controlled by attaching to liner sections opposing subsurface aprons that are anchored in place to direct potential erosion flow into a liner section in such a way that the potential erosion flow is added to the flow of fluids and materials through a liner system. The new and useful flow control liner system thus provides an inexpensive, light, portable, light-resistant, ultra-violet resistant, inter-connectable system of liner sections that, when assembled, transport fluids and materials under controlled flow conditions through the system.
BACKGROUND
Ditches formed in the earth for conveying water to a point or to an area of use have been common throughout the world for generations. Earthen ditches have been used to transport potable water, irrigation water and other fluids and materials. Earthen irrigation ditches continue to be significant in the transportation of water because they are readily and inexpensively formed in almost any terrain.
The term “ditch” as used in this document means any excavation dug in the earth, or any structure partially or completely installed above earth, that may be referred to as a drain, channel, canal or acequia, whether lined or unlined, usually but not always relying primarily on gravity to transport fluids and materials along descending elevations.
During transportation of water through earthen ditches that are unlined by a material other than dirt (“unlined ditches”), significant quantities of that ever more precious commodity, water, are lost because of seepage, erosion, trans-evaporation and other causes. Tests indicate that as much as 80-90% of water may be lost during transportation through an unlined earthen ditch before water is delivered to a point or area for application and use.
It also should be appreciated that loss of water, referred to as “seepage loss,” may be considerable. At least one report issued by New Mexico State University entitled “Field/laboratory Studies for the Fast Ditch Lining System,” dated Feb. 10, 2002 (“Report”), indicates the results of tests conducted over a nine day interval. Total water losses during the nine-day test period were estimated to be 14,245,010 gallons, or 85.8% of total flow, when water was conducted through an unlined earthen ditch. The Report attributes most water losses to existing vegetation overgrowth, tree root systems, gopher holes, evaporation, and seepage or percolation. On the other hand, that same report, based on field measurements taken with a liner system disclosed in at least one of the Fast Ditch Patents and Applications (a term defined below) that had been installed in the same earthen ditch showed a total loss of only 7.3% of total flow.
Unlined earthen ditches must regularly be maintained, cleaned and repaired to avoid loss of water through wall collapse, accumulated debris, absorption through dirt walls, capillary action, rodent activity, among many causes of ditch deterioration. Because repair and maintenance of unlined ditches is costly and labor intensive, various methods for lining unlined ditches have been suggested. Those methods include use of concrete, metal, and polyvinyl chloride materials. Those suggestions, however, have proven inadequate for a number of reasons including at least cost and unresponsiveness to modern environmental concerns. Some materials, like concrete, are difficult to install in remote geographical areas, are inflexibly positioned once installed, and often require major construction efforts that are neither practical nor affordable based on cost-benefit analyses.
Exemplary solutions to problems associated with lining both lined and unlined ditches have been provided in the following patents and patent applications by one or more of the inventors named in connection with this document: U.S. Pat. No. 6,273,640 issued Aug. 14, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,186 issued Feb. 17, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,722,818 issued Apr. 20, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 7,025,532 issued Apr. 11, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,165,914 issued Jan. 23, 2007; U.S. Pat. No. 7,156,580 issued Feb. 2, 2007; U.S. Pat. No. 7,357,600 issued Apr. 15, 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 7,470,085 issued Dec. 30, 2008; and application Ser. No. 12/100,829 filed Apr. 10, 2008 (collectively, “FastDitch Patents and Applications”).
The FastDitch Patents and Applications, and this document, describe and claim apparatus that provide ditch liner sections that are inexpensive, light, portable, light-resistant, and ultra-violet resistant. The FastDitch Patents and Applications, and this document, also describe and claim liner sections that are easily inter-connectable and, when assembled, are capable of transporting desirable and undesirable fluids and materials through the liner sections quickly and efficiently. The liner sections may be installed using simple, conventional tools such as a shovel, cordless drill, rubber mallet and sledge hammer. When installed, the liner sections are substantially maintenance free. In an installation in which the flow of fluids and materials is approximately 2.00 feet per second, the assembled liner sections are self-scouring. The liner sections are corrugated, and at least one additional mechanical advantage thus provided is flexibility of interconnected liner sections to accommodate the contours of an existing ditch, whether lined or unlined. The corrugations also allow an installed water management system to flex during freeze-thaw fluctuations. The liner sections also are environmentally safe, nontoxic, and recyclable because made of selective plastics. At least one plastic used to manufacture the liner sections is Nora Chemicals NOVA POL® TR-0535-UG Hexene MDPE. The Fast Ditch Patents and Applications describe and claim liner sections that reduce loss of desirable fluids during such transportation.
As indicated, use of concrete to line ditches has proven particularly problematic. Since the advent of concrete and other building materials made by mixing a cementing material such as Portland cement with both a mineral aggregate such as sand and gravel, and sufficient water to cause the cementing material to set and bind the entire mass, concrete and similar materials have been used to line earthen ditches.
Originally it was thought that concrete lined ditches would avoid loss of water through seepage through the concrete into the underlying earth. Experience has demonstrated, however, that whether freestanding or moving, fluids seep into, against, and under concrete concrete-lined ditches. This adversely affects commercial and residential structures, and causes loss of desirable fluids such as irrigation water. Unfortunately, concrete also has inherent brittle tendencies to crack. It is difficult to repair in remote and challenging terrain due in part to the substantial weight of concrete, and the weight of hauling and installing equipment and vehicles. Concrete repairs also may disrupt landscapes due to the heavy equipment needed to haul and emplace concrete. Accordingly, corrosion mitigation in connection with concrete used for lining ditches has been a significant goal, but difficult to achieve.
At least one reason for difficulty in corrosion mitigation in concrete lined ditches is the fact that concrete drains manufactured from Portland cement and various aggregates are subject to deleterious damage caused at least in part by alkali-silica reactivity (“ASR”). ASR is a chemical reaction between Portland cement concrete and aggregates that in some environments, and under some conditions, may cause severe damage to concrete ditches. ASR also may expedite other reactions that in turn cause damage, such as freeze-thaw or corrosion related damage. The phenomenon has been recognized since at least 1940, but neither the mechanisms of ASR, nor solutions, yet are clearly understood.
It is known, however, that deterioration of a concrete structure such as a concrete-lined ditch is due at least in part to water absorption by a gel that forms in concrete. The term “gel” as used in connection with concrete fabrication refers to a naturally occurring silica gel that is a colloidal silica resembling course white sand, but has many fine pores, a condition that causes the gel to be extremely adsorbent. Soluble alkalis also are present in cement, and may be affected by undesirable moisture. Vulnerable sites in the silica structure may be attacked by fluid-induced activity, converting the silica to a silica gel that absorbs water or other fluids.
An important property of concrete is its tensile strength, or its ability to react to longitudinal stress. Liquids, however, are known to adversely affect tensile strength in concrete. If the tensile strength of concrete is exceeded, cracks will form and propagate from one or more alkali-silica reaction sites, weakening the concrete structure. Many if not all the problems generally associated with ASR may be seen in concrete-lined ditches that have been constructed in situ for any length of time. In addition, concrete is becoming ever more expensive due to international demand occasioned by countries that until recently lagged construction activities in the United States and Europe; indeed, at the time of this document, shortages in Portland cement and concrete have been reported.
Concrete also has several additional limitations and deficiencies as a liner material for earthen ditches. Material characteristics of concrete are not consistent, and usually are not even consistent within the same ditch line. Concrete ditch liners also react adversely to changes in ambient temperatures, and to rapidly altering hot and cold cycles. Concrete is subject to cracking due to temperature changes. If moisture penetrates cracks in concrete, a concrete lined ditch is subject to further cracking. Slight cracks tend to expand into large cracks as frost and thaw cycles proceed through a typical year. In the end, concrete lined ditches are subject to possible catastrophic failure. As a result, significant amounts of water may be lost when transported through concrete lined ditches. Significant quantities of water are lost because of seepage, erosion, trans-evaporation and other causes.
Concrete lined ditches also must regularly be maintained, cleaned and repaired to avoid further loss of water through wall collapse, accumulated debris, newly formed cracks and deterioration of the base and walls of concrete due to the continued effects of weather. Repair and maintenance of concrete lined ditches is costly and labor intensive. Patching concrete is expensive, labor intensive, and difficult to achieve given the remote location of most ditches, particularly agricultural ditches used to transport irrigation water. The repair problems associated with concrete lined ditches present major construction efforts that often are neither practical nor affordable. Therefore, many concrete ditches continue to deteriorate, resulting in increased loss of water. Inability to readily direct and redirect water flow to other ditches or in other directions using concrete or steel also is a significant limitation on their use.
In recent years, efforts have been made to develop methods to seal cracked concrete lined ditches. A variety of mortars and sprayed-on resins and plastics have been suggested. Unfortunately, both mortar and spray-on resins and plastics have proven inadequate solutions because of comparatively disadvantageous costs involved in the materials and applications processes, and because of labor costs associated with direct application of such materials at the site of a concrete lined ditch, regular often remote from where such materials are available. Further optimizations in connection with the FastDitch Patents and Applications have been introduced that provide alternative features and desirable elements for increasing the range and variety of differing applications and environments in which the water management system may be used.
For example, the mating, nesting, or connectable ends of liner sections in accordance with the FastDitch Patents and Applications allow compressible connection of liner sections end-to-end. This is achieved by providing for opposing male and female structural elements and components whose dimensions and shapes vary (collectively, “dimensionally different compressible components”). The FastDitch Patents and Applications also provide for liner sections whose corrugations vary in shape and configuration between opposing ends of a liner section. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,722,818 provides for a compressibly connectable member formed in the downstream end of a liner section. A coupling channel is formed in the upstream end of a liner section. Both the compressibly connectable member and the coupling channel are dimensioned to be substantially double the thickness of an intermediate body between the compressibly connectable member and the coupling channel in which corrugations are formed.
While the apparatus, methods and systems disclosed and claimed in the FastDitch Patents and Applications have proven useful in a variety of situations and installations, the flow control liner system described, illustrated and claimed in this document adds to the art by solving problems associated with the flow of fluids and materials through a liner section in the direction of a longitudinal axis perpendicular to a cross-section of a liner section. Also, the flow of fluids and materials against the exterior faces of the opposing walls of a ditch liner section that might otherwise cause erosion flow that might damage or displace one or more ditch liners in an assembled and installed flow control liner system, is solved by providing a plurality of subsurface aprons extending from the liner section.
The additional optimizations shown and claimed in this document provide a new and useful flow control liner system that results in an inexpensive, light weight, portable, light-resistant, ultra-violet resistant, inter-connectable system of liner sections that, when assembled, transport either desirable or undesirable fluids and materials through the flow control liner system, while reducing water loss, flow damages, and displacement of installed liner sections.
SUMMARY
The flow control liner system (also referred to as a “water management system” in this document) that is insertable into a lined or unlined ditch is an inexpensive, light weight, portable, light-resistant, ultra-violet resistant, inter-connectable system of liner sections that, when assembled, transport either desirable or undesirable fluids and materials through the system while reducing water loss during use of the system. The water management system also is aesthetically pleasing in the operative environment, is environmentally friendly, and requires no unique skills to assemble, install, and maintain. The water management system enhances flow rates through the system while significantly reducing water loss during transportation of water through a system of ditch liners, and damage or displacement of an installed system.
The water management system disclosed and claimed in this document includes a plurality of ditch liner sections (individually, “liner section,” and collectively, “liner sections”). Each liner section of the water management system may be assembled end-to-end to another liner section by snapping together, or compressing together, the unique corrugation couplers formed in the corrugations in each liner section. The terms “snap together,” or “compressibly connectible,” and variations of those terms as used in this document, refer to the feature and capability of applying pressure on one corrugation coupler to connect it to another corrugation coupler, thus compressibly locking, nesting, and connecting liner sections together, end-to-end, to form a substantially leak-free water management system whose individual liner sections are detachable.
The water management system also includes an elastically deformable gasket that contributes to a watertight, leak-free connection between interconnected liner sections, while enhancing the flow of water through the system.
As indicated, while the apparatus, methods and systems disclosed and claimed in the FastDitch Patents and Applications have proven useful in a variety of situations and installations, the flow control liner system described, illustrated and claimed in this document adds to the art by providing additional optimizations associated with the flow of fluids and materials through a liner section in the direction of a longitudinal axis perpendicular to a cross-section of a liner section. Also, the flow of fluids and materials against the exterior faces of the opposing walls of a ditch liner section, that might otherwise cause erosion flow that might damage the ditch liner system installation, is addressed by providing subsurface aprons extending from the liner section.
More specifically, an apparatus is provided that includes a ditch liner formed with two opposing walls. A plurality of friction control corrugations is formed in both of the two opposing walls. The apparatus also includes one or more subsurface aprons that extend from the ditch liner.
In another aspect, an apparatus is provided for managing fluid and material flow through a plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liners formed with opposing walls. A plurality of friction control corrugations is formed in the opposing walls. The distal ends of the two opposing walls are joined at an elbow in such a way that an opening is defined by the proximal ends of the opposing walls. The dimensions of the plurality of troughs of the corrugations are adjusted as a function of the distance between the elbow and the opening. In one aspect, the depth of the troughs continuously increases between the elbow and the opening. In addition, a plurality of aprons is provided. The plurality of aprons is removably attachable to the two opposing walls in such a way to extend outwardly from the opposing walls below the adjacent soil level.
The water management system overcomes undesirable effects of friction between (i) a boundary of a moving body of water in contact with, and moving through a ditch liner system, and (ii) the inner surface of the improved ditch liner. The term “friction” as used in this document means the force of resistance caused by one surface on another. Forces of resistance tend to prevent or retard slipping or movement of the water along a ditch liner. Forces of resistance may also cause damage to a ditch liner and to a ditch liner system.
As is known to those skilled in the art, forces of resistance tend to act tangentially to a surface at points of contact with the surface. Further, the force is a function of, or proportional to, the normal force, and is expressed as the “coefficient of static friction” in a stationary body, or “coefficient of kinetic friction” in a moving body. A coefficient of friction is a dimensionless number that depends on characteristics of the contacting surfaces, or in this instance, the characteristics of the boundary of a moving body of water, and the contact surface of the improved ditch liner. It is known that the coefficient of friction varies with temperature, humidity, pressure, the materials in contact, the sliding velocity of the body moving in relation to a surface, and whether the body and surface are dry or lubricated. It also is known to those skilled in the art that when two surfaces, or a boundary and a surface, move relative to each other, a lateral force is required to overcome adhesion, a force is referred to as “adhesional friction force.” It also is known that the contacts between surfaces moving relative to each other depend primarily on the surface topography and the mechanical properties of the mating surfaces.
The novel corrugations of the water management system improve flow efficiency by altering undesirable coefficients, including the Manning resistance coefficients.
To achieve a substantially zero-loss, watertight seals between connected ends of liner sections, corrugations extend substantially the entire length of each liner section. The material used to manufacture each liner section is the same; restated, different materials are not combined to make liner sections. In part to reduce costs associated with manufacturing the improved water management system, the process of manufacturing used to make the liner sections is a rotational molding process.
It will become apparent to one skilled in the art that the claimed subject matter as a whole, including the structure of the apparatus, and the cooperation of the elements of the apparatus, combine to result in a number of unexpected advantages and utilities. The structure and co-operation of structure of the water management system will become apparent to those skilled in the art when read in conjunction with the following description, drawing figures, and appended claims.
The foregoing has outlined broadly the more important features of the invention to better understand the detailed description that follows, and to better understand the contributions to the art. The water management system is not limited in application to the details of construction, and to the arrangements of the components, provided in the following description or drawing figures, but is capable of other embodiments, and of being practiced and carried out in various ways.
As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the conception on which this disclosure is based readily may be used as a basis for designing other structures, methods, and systems. The claims, therefore, include equivalent constructions. Further, the abstract associated with this disclosure is intended neither to define the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system, which is measured by the claims, nor intended to limit the scope of the claims. The novel features of the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system are best understood from the accompanying drawing, considered in connection with the accompanying description of the drawing, in which similar reference characters refer to similar parts, and in which:



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1A is an end cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a liner section used in the water management system as used in a landscaping environment;
FIG. 1B is an end cross-sectional view of the liner section shown in FIG. 1A showing opposing aprons and one form of a diversion device;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of one embodiment of the water management system deployed as a landscaping water management system;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of the water management system displayed as a storm water transportation system;
FIG. 4 is an end cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the opposing aprons;
FIGS. 5A-5C are top views of three embodiments of diversion devices;
FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a portion of two liner sections showing the corrugation couplers;
FIG. 6B is an end cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the corrugation couplers, connectors, and means for sealing;
FIG. 6C is an end cross-sectional view of troughs on either side of a foreshortened corrugation;
FIG. 6D is a top view of troughs on either side of a foreshortened corrugation as shown in FIG. 6C;
FIG. 6E is a perspective view of two compressibly connectable liner sections to be inserted into a lined ditch;
FIG. 7 is an end view illustrating the flow of fluids and materials against and under a ditch liner of the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system;
FIG. 8A is a perspective view of one aspect of the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system;
FIG. 8B is an end view of one aspect of the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system;
FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a screen used in the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system;
FIG. 9B is a cross-section front view of the screen of FIG. 9B mounted on an apron of the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a notch formed in a corrugation of the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system;
FIG. 11A is a perspective view of a ditch liner section of the flow control liner system;
FIG. 11B is a perspective view of contiguous ditch liner sections of the flow control liner system that are compressibly connectable;
FIG. 12A a another perspective view of a ditch liner section of the flow control liner system illustrating the friction control corrugations;
FIG. 12B a another perspective view of a ditch liner section of the flow control liner system illustrating the friction control corrugations;
FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional end view of the flow control liner system installed in a dirt ditch;
FIG. 14 is another diagrammatic cross-sectional end view of the flow control liner system;
FIG. 15A is a perspective view of a receptacle in an apron; and
FIG. 15B is another perspective view of a receptacle in an apron.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Definitions
The term “asymmetrical corrugations” as used in this document means an interconnected series of dimensionally varying corrugations in the ditch liner disclosed, illustrated and claimed in this document. In one aspect, a series of side-by-side asymmetrical corrugations substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a ditch liner is formed that includes, in cross-section, a first ridge of a corrugation having a width equal to a first dimension, that in turn is adjacent to a first trough or furrow of a corrugation (in this document, “trough”) having a width greater than the first dimension, that in turn is adjacent to a second ridge having a width greater than the first dimension, that in turn is adjacent to a second trough having a width greater than the first dimension, and that in turn is adjacent to a ridge having a width substantially equal to the first dimension, after which the series of asymmetrical corrugations is repeated in forming and making the ditch liner. In another aspect, the first dimension is substantially half the dimension of the width that is greater than the first dimension. In another aspect, the series of asymmetrical corrugations include side-by-side asymmetrical corrugations substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a ditch liner is formed that includes in cross-section a ridge having a width of the dimension substantially of X that is adjacent to a trough having a width substantially of 2× that is adjacent to a ridge having a width of the dimension substantially of 2× that is adjacent to a trough having a width substantially of 2× that is adjacent to a ridge having a width substantially of X, after which the series is repeated. As a person skilled in the art will appreciate, other variations of the combinations and iterations of the series of asymmetrical corrugations are possible.
The term “fluids and materials” means either desirable or undesirable fluids, including water and other fluid mixtures and admixtures containing undesirable solids, gases, trash, dirt, toxins, contaminants, and a wide range of other solids, fluids, gases and other undesirable matter.
The term “ditch” means any excavation dug in the earth, or any structure partially or completely installed above earth, that may be referred to as a drain, channel, canal or acequia, whether lined or unlined, usually but not always relying primarily on gravity to transport fluids and materials along descending elevations.
The terms “management” and “managing” used in conjunction with the word “water” (such as, “managing water,” “water management,” and similar variations of the terms) contemplate that the apparatus and methods disclosed and claimed in this document may be used to hold and irrigate plant and planting materials so as to conserve water; and that restrains growth of roots, shrubs and trees by confining growth within the apparatus and system disclosed and claimed in this document (“water management system”). The term “water management system” also contemplates and includes transporting fluids and materials within interconnected liner sections to specific points and areas. The water management system also may be used to route rain or undesirable water and materials away from land and structures.
The term “corrugation coupler” or “corrugation couplers” means and refers to the new and useful apparatus disclosed and claimed in this document for snapping together and separating, or compressibly connecting and detaching, liner sections into a water management system. The corrugations formed in the liner sections are themselves the corrugation couplers. The corrugations themselves are formed for compressibly connecting and detaching the liner sections end to end, resulting in reduction of manufacturing complexity and ease of field assembly of a water management system.
The term “potential erosion flow” means a flow of fluids and materials other than through a liner section, and includes, as one nonexclusive example, fluid flow from any direction outside of a liner section at any angle of incidence toward or against an exterior face of a liner section that, but for redirection of the fluid flow into and through a liner section over one or more of the opposing subsurface aprons described in this document, could cause movement or displacement or even damage to an installed liner section.
The term “friction control corrugations” means one or more troughs in the corrugations of a liner section, between ridges of the corrugations, that control and/or affect the coefficient of friction of the inner walls of the liner section to reduce the speed or velocity of fluids and materials transported through the ditch liner section by gradually increasing the depth of troughs between lowest depth of fluid and material flow, and the surface of the fluids and materials flow.
The term “coefficient of friction” and “interior coefficient of friction” means the coefficient of friction on or adjacent to the inner walls of the liner section, and means at least the ratio of the force needed to make two surfaces slide over each other to the force that holds them together.
The term “subsurface apron” means an apron extending from at least one opposing wall of a liner section in such a way that when installed within a ditch is below the level of adjacent material such as soil.
DESCRIPTION
As shown in FIGS. 1A-6E, a water management system 10 is provided that in its broadest context includes a plurality of compressibly connectable liner sections for lining a ditch. The plurality of compressibly connectable liner sections is formed with corrugations. A plurality of corrugation couplers is formed in the corrugations for connecting the plurality of liner sections end-to-end. The plurality of corrugation couplers includes a monolithically formed succession of adjacent extended corrugations and foreshortened corrugations. The water management system also includes means for sealing abutting corrugation couplers. Also included is a connector such as a threaded rivet for affixing adjoining corrugation couplers. An anchoring device insertable through the plurality of compressibly connectable liner sections is provided for securing the water management system in the ditch.
The extended corrugations include a substantially triangular ridge having a rounded apex. The foreshortened corrugations include a substantially frustoconical ridge having a planar surface. A trough adjacently connects the extended corrugations and the foreshortened corrugations. Wells may be formed in the troughs for positioning connectors such as threaded rivets. A means for sealing abutting corrugation couplers is mountable on the planar surface of the substantially frustoconical ridge. In one embodiment, the means for sealing abutting corrugation couplers is a compressibly resilient gasket for sealing the plurality of compressibly connectable liner sections. An adhesive is placed on the planar surface of the foreshortened corrugations.
In one embodiment of the water management system, the slopes of opposing walls of the extended corrugations and of the foreshortened corrugations are substantially similar. The dimensions of opposing walls of the foreshortened corrugations would be substantially similar to the dimensions of opposing walls of the extended corrugations if not subtended by the planar surface of the foreshortened corrugations.
The water management system also includes a variety of water and material diversion devices.
In this description, to the extent that subscripts to the numerical designations include the lower case letter “n,” as in “a-n,” the letter “n” is intended to express a large number of repetitions of the element designated by that numerical reference and subscripts.
More specifically, as shown by cross-reference between FIGS. 1A-6E, a water management system 10, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, includes a plurality of compressibly connectable liner sections 12a,b for lining a ditch 14 as further shown by cross-reference between FIGS. 6A-6C. The plurality of compressibly connectable liner sections 12a,b is formed with corrugations 16. A plurality of corrugation couplers 18a-n as shown in FIGS. 6A-6B is formed in the corrugations 16a-n for connecting the plurality of liner sections 12a,b end-to-end. To achieve rapid, secure, repetitive connections, the plurality of corrugation couplers 18a-n includes a succession of contiguous extended corrugations 20a-n and foreshortened corrugations 22a-n. Thus, it will be apparent that each liner section 12a-n includes a monolithically formed succession of corrugations of varying dimensions. As shown, corrugation couplers 18a-n includes two adjacent corrugations 16a-n, a leading corrugation 24, and a trailing corrugation 26. The leading corrugation 24 is formed with a substantially triangular cross-section 28 having a rounded apex 30 (the “extended corrugation”); the trailing corrugation 26 is formed with a substantially frustoconical cross-section 32 having a height D1 less than the height D2 of the extended corrugation (the “foreshortened corrugation”), as best shown in FIG. 6B.
The walls 34 of the corrugations 16a-n are substantially of uniform thickness throughout the length L1 of a liner section 12 as best shown in FIG. 6C. As will be evident to one skilled in the art, the length L2 of extended corrugations 20a-n exceeds length L3 of foreshortened corrugations 22a-n throughout the length L1 of liner sections 12a-n, as shown by cross-reference between FIGS. 6B-6E. However, a mechanical advantage of the corrugation couplers 18a-n is flexibility in altering the dimensions of the corrugation couplers 18a-n during the manufacturing process, particularly the extended corrugations 20a-n and the foreshortened corrugations 22a-n, as dictated by the terrain conditions, size of the ditch 14 to be lined, and other varying conditions in which the water management system 10 will be installed, as well as other installation objectives. Thus, although the general dimensions of the extended corrugations 20a-n and foreshortened corrugations 22a-n remain collectively substantially constant throughout the length L2 of each liner section 12a-n, the lengths L2 and L3 of the walls 34 of contiguous corrugations 16a-n may be varied from application to application, and installation to installation, depending also on terrain conditions and flow geometries desired for a particular water management situation.
As shown in FIG. 6B, except for heights D1 and D2, other dimensions of the foreshortened corrugations 22a-n may be substantially comparable to analogous dimensions of the extended corrugations 20a-n. This, too, contributes a mechanical advantage to forming the corrugations 16a-n during the manufacturing process: only the desired height D2 of the foreshortened corrugations 22a-n need be altered because the other dimensions will be similar to the extended corrugations 20a-n. The height D1 of the foreshortened corrugations 22a-n may be adjusted prior to the manufacturing process that produces the desired liner sections 12a-n. The planar surface 36 formed in the foreshortened corrugations 22a-n by the truncating of the foreshortened corrugations 22a-n also provides a surface on which to place an elastically deformable gasket 38 to help seal the connection between compressibly connected liner sections 12a-n. 
As will be evident to one skilled in the art, the corrugation couplers 18a-n also may be used in a variety of liner sections 12a-n regardless of cross-sectional shape of the water management system 10 installed, including without limitation liner sections 12a-n where cross-sections are substantially semi-circular, trapezoidal, square, oblong, or “V”-shaped.
Thus, liner sections 12a-n may be manufactured in fewer “standard” lengths because one or more corrugation couplers 18a-n may be removed or incised from a liner section 12 to link liner sections 12a-n for a precise fit in a ditch 14, regardless of the length of the ditch 14. Because the corrugation couplers 18a-n are part of the corrugations 16a-n common to a water management system 10 installation, much greater installation precision is achieved.
As shown in FIGS. 1A-1B and 4, the water management system 10 also includes in at least one embodiment opposing aprons 40a-b. The opposing aprons 40a-b extend from opposing sides 42a,b of the compressibly connectable liner sections 12a-n. The opposing aprons 40a-b are useful in reducing erosion. Opposing aprons 40a,b also are useful in guiding installation of the anchoring device 44. As shown best in FIG. 4, opposing aprons 40a-b include, in one embodiment, a scribe line or indent 46 for guiding placement of an anchoring device 44 through the opposing aprons 40a-b. 
The water management system 10 also includes in at least one embodiment, as shown by cross-reference between FIGS. 6A-6B, means for sealing 48 abutting corrugation couplers 18a-n. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6B, means for sealing 48 abutting corrugation couplers 18a-n is mountable on the planar surface 36 of the substantially frustoconical ridge 50. As shown, means for sealing 48 abutting corrugation couplers 18a-n includes a compressibly resilient gasket 38. In another embodiment means for sealing 48 abutting corrugation couplers 18a-n includes an adhesive 52 to secure the compressibly resilient gasket 38 on the planar surface 36. The adhesive 52 is shown in FIG. 6B diagrammatically as a rectangle on planar surface 36.
As also shown in FIG. 6B, the water management system 10 also includes a connector 54 such as a threaded rivet. The connector 54 is useful for affixing adjoining corrugation couplers 18a-n. 
As also shown in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the water management system 10 also includes an anchoring device 44 insertable through the plurality of compressibly connectable liner sections 12a-n, preferably the opposing aprons 40a-b, for securing the water management system 10 in the ditch 14. As shown in FIG. 4, the anchor is a rod. Alternatively, the anchoring device 44 may be an earth 44′ anchor as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/114,546 filed on Apr. 26, 2005.
In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1B and 5A-5C, the water management system 10 further includes one or more diversion devices 56a-n. A diversion device 56a shown in the embodiment in FIG. 1B includes one or more removable caps 58a-c located in one or more barrier ends 60 that may be formed or inserted in an end of a liner section 12. The one or more removable caps 58a-c located in one or more barrier ends 60 are formed to be easily removable from barrier end 60 by tapping with a light hammer or similar instrument. The holes remaining in the one or more barrier ends 60 permits movement and transport of water and other materials through an interconnected water management system that may be used for either, or both, fluid transportation alone, or fluid transportation through earth or similar materials placed in a water management system 10 used for landscaping purposes.
In the embodiments shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 5A-5C, a diversion device 56b includes a hub 62 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5C. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5A, a diversion device 56c includes an angled unit 62′ connectable to the one or more liner sections 12a-n for diverting fluid and material flow in different directions. As shown in FIG. 5B, diversion device 56 includes a tee-unit 62′′. As will be evident to one skilled in the art, the diagrammatic representation of diversion devices 88a-d are connectable to one or more liner sections 12a-n to redirect flow through water management system 10 as desired and desirable.
In yet another aspect of the water management system 10, as shown perhaps best by cross-reference between FIGS. 6B-6D, a plurality of wells 64a-n is provided. As shown, wells 64a-n are shown in one embodiment as substantially tubular, and formed with an anterior opening 66 and a posterior recess 68. In another embodiment, as also shown by cross-reference between FIGS. 6B-6D, substantially semi-circular channels 70a-n, as shown best in FIG. 6C, are formed adjacent wells 64a-n. In operation, connector 54 is inserted through wall 34 of liner sections 12a,b to assist in connecting liner section 12a to liner section 12b as shown in FIG. 6E. Wells 64a-n provide the mechanical advantage of accommodating the head 72 of connector 54a (shown as a threaded rivet) may infix. In addition, the semi-circular channels 70a-n may also be formed as shown by cross-reference between FIGS. 6C-6D. The semi-circular channels 70a-n provide a segmented annular ledge 74a-n against which the lower surface 76 of the head 72 of connector 54a comes in contact. The segmented annular ledge 74a-n against which the lower surface 76 of the head 72 of connector 54a comes in contact is shown diagrammatically by cross-hatched lines in FIG. 6D. The semi-circular configuration of the semi-circular channels 70a-n also is shown in FIG. 6D. At least a portion of the head 72 of connector 54a, as represented diagrammatically by the dimension P1 in FIG. 6C, is held within semi-circular channels 70a-b. As will be apparent to one skilled in the art, wells 64a-n and semi-circular channels 70a-n, either alone or in combination, provide the mechanical advantage of helping to secure connectors 54a-n when installed in liner sections 12a-n of water management system 10. As also will become apparent to one skilled in the art, connectors 54a-n may be installed in liner sections 12a-n either from the top down (namely, through liner section 12a into liner section 12b), or bottom up (namely, through liner section 12b into liner section 12a), with or without the formation of wells 64a-n or semi-circular channels 70a-n. 
As indicated previously, the apparatus, methods and systems of the FastDitch Patents and Applications, and of the water management system disclosed and claimed in the Co-Pending Application, have proven useful for the intended applications described in those documents. Additional contributions to the art are disclosed, illustrated and claimed in this document, and provide additional optimizations and embodiments in which the principles of operation with different configurations result in additional features and uses resulting in the asymmetrical liner system disclosed, illustrated and claimed in this document.
More specifically, the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system includes a plurality of ditch liners. The plurality of ditch liners is formed of a series of asymmetrical corrugations that are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plurality of ditch liners. Opposing aprons are attached to the plurality of ditch liners. The opposing aprons also include asymmetrical corrugations. The opposing aprons extend outward from the top edge of the ditch liner and from the longitudinal axis of a liner. A screen is mounted on the opposing aprons. The plurality of ditch liners is interconnected and assembled, and placed in a ditch. The plurality of ditch liners is secured in the ditch with one or more anchors.
Referring now to drawing FIGS. 7-10, FIG. 7 illustrates an environment in which the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100 is installed. As illustrated by cross-reference between FIG. 7 and FIGS. 8A-8B, a material has been used to form a ditch liner. While not a limitation of the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100, a useful material for forming a plurality of ditch liners has proven to be polyethylene. As also shown in FIGS. 8A-8B, the plurality of ditch liners in the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100 is formed by manipulating the material to form a series of asymmetrical corrugations 102 that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A-A of a ditch liner 104.
As used in this document, the term “asymmetrical corrugations” means an interconnected series of dimensionally varying corrugations 102a-n in the ditch liner 104 that is disclosed, illustrated and claimed in this document. In one aspect of the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system 100, a series of side-by-side asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A-A of a ditch liner is formed that includes, in cross-section, a first ridge 106a of a corrugation having a width W1 equal to a first dimension. The precise measurements of the first dimension will vary depending upon the application and the environment. The first ridge 106a of a corrugation having a width W1 equal to a first dimension is located adjacent to a first trough 108a in the corrugations 102a-n. The first trough 108a has a width W2 greater than the first dimension of W1. The first trough 108a is located, in turn, adjacent to a second ridge 106b that has a width W2 greater than the first dimension, and in turn, is adjacent to a second trough 108b having a width W2 greater than the first dimension. The second trough 108b, in turn, is adjacent to a third ridge 106c having a width W1 substantially equal to the first dimension and to the first ridge 106a. The series of asymmetrical corrugation 106a-n is repeated in forming and manufacturing the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100.
As illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8A-8B, the series of asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n is shown in connection with an apron 110 that is also included in the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100. The asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n are indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 7 by a heavy dark line which illustrates a cross-section front-end view of an asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner 104 installed in a ditch. The series of asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n thus extend throughout the plurality of ditch liners from point 1 to point 2 shown in FIG. 7, but shown in detail in FIGS. 8A-8B as part of the apron 110 to emphasize the unique features of the apron 110 of the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100. It has been determined that the asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n in a plurality of ditch liners 104a-n achieves a number of mechanical and technical advantages. For example, the fact that the first dimension W1 of the first ridge 106a of the asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n is less than the dimension of adjacent ridges 106b,c and troughs 108a-b in a series of asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n has proven to be advantageous in reducing manufacturing problems. Manufacture of the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100 is preferably by a molding process, and problems arising from such a molding process have diminished. An additional mechanical advantage is achieved because the narrower first ridge 106a having a width W1 equal to a first dimension is sufficiently narrow to enable the first ridge 106a to fold against the wall 112 of the adjacent corrugation when a portion or segment of a ditch liner 104 is bent in a direction opposite from the longitudinal axis of a ditch liner 104 to accommodate variations in the shape and direction of a ditch.
As also illustrated by cross-reference between FIGS. 7-8B, additional mechanical advantages are achieved using the asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n of the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100. Thus, as indicated, the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100 includes opposing aprons 110a,b. The opposing aprons 110a,b are attached to the top edges 114a,b of a ditch liner 104. Alternatively, the opposing aprons 110a,b may be formed monolithically during the manufacturing process in the ditch liner 104 using molding techniques. As also illustrated in FIGS. 8A-8B, the ledges 106a-n and troughs 108a-n of the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100 may include one or more, as shown in FIG. 9B, dimples 116a-n. The one or more dimples 116a-n may be used as a guide for insertion of a connector 118 for mounting on the opposing aprons 110a,b a screen 120. In addition, one or more ports 122 may be formed in the troughs 108a-n of the series of asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n as best shown in FIG. 9B. The one or more ports 22 may be used to guide insertion of an anchor 124 through the ports 122 to secure the ditch liner 104 in the ditch and in terrain adjacent to the ditch.
As also indicated perhaps best in FIG. 8A, in one aspect of the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100 the distal end 126a-n of each of the asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n substantially is formed as a claw foot 128. One or more of the claw feet 128a-n may be offset or staggered as indicated by the distance D1 in FIG. 8A. The staggering of the claw feet 128a-n assists in allowing bending of a ditch liner 104 if necessary. In addition, the shape of the claw feet 128a-n permits a portion of a fluid from adjacent terrain to drain into the ditch liner 104 through the one or more troughs 108a-n formed by the asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n. 
Although as illustrated in FIGS. 8A-8B the superior plate 130 of the ridges 106a-n of the asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n is shown as substantially planar, as a person skilled in the art will appreciate, the superior plate 150 may be either planar or have a radial dimension without affecting the operation of the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100.
Addressing now the screen 120 that is mounted on the opposing aprons 110a-b of the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system 100, and referring to FIGS. 9A-9B, screen 120 is illustrated. As shown, the screen 120 is provided with at least two panels 132a,b. The at least two panels 132a,b are formed with holes 134. The holes 134 are dimensioned to trap materials on the upper surface 136a,b of the at least two panels 132a,b. While trapping materials on the upper surface 136a,b of the at least two panels 132a,b, the design of the screen 120 allows fluid to pass through the holes 134. The fluid that passes through the holes 134 passes over the opposing aprons 110a,b into the ditch liner 104. This achieves the mechanical advantage of avoiding a lifting or displacement of a ditch liner 104 from a ditch by the action and forces of fluids and/or materials moving beneath a ditch liner 104. As illustrated, during manufacture of the screen 120, the at least two panels 132a,b are formed in an angle substantially coincident with the angle formed by the opposing aprons 110a,b. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, the opposing aprons 110a,b include a terrain contact leg 138, a shoulder 140, and a strut 142 formed between the terrain contact leg 138 and the shoulder 140. As illustrated, the angle between the strut 142 and the terrain contact leg 138 is substantially and obtuse angle illustrated in FIG. 9B by an angle symbol. In similar fashion, as also illustrated in FIG. 9B, the screen 120 is formed with an angle between the two panels 132a,b that is substantially similar to the obtuse angle between the strut 142 and the terrain contact leg 138 of each of the opposing aprons 110a,b to enable mounting of the screen 120 on an opposing apron 110a. As also indicated in FIG. 9B, one or more connectors 118a-n is used to mount the screen 120 on an opposing apron 110b. 
Referring now to FIGS. 10A-10B, an additional feature of the asymmetric corrugated ditch liner system 100 is illustrated. By cross-reference between FIGS. 10A-10B, one or more of the ridges 106a-n of the asymmetric corrugations 102a-n is formed with a notch 144. The notch 144 is located between adjacent troughs 108a-n of the one or more asymmetrical corrugations 102a-n. The notch 144 is adapted to provide at least two technical advantages. The notch 144 provides a protected point of insertion for a connector 118. Because the base 146 of the notch 144 is located beneath the plane of the ridge 106 of an asymmetrical corrugation 102a-n, the head 148 of a connector 118 is protected from contact during operation of the system, which precludes inadvertent loosening or removal of the connector 118. In addition, the notch 144 provides a way for continued self-draining of the asymmetrical corrugated ditch liner system 100. As also illustrated in FIG. 10, one or more connectors may be used in the notches 144 to connect one or more ditch liners 104 end-to-end.
As indicated, while the apparatus, methods and systems disclosed and claimed in the FastDitch Patents and Applications have proven useful in a variety of situations and installations, the flow control liner system described, illustrated and claimed in this document adds to the art by providing additional optimizations associated with the flow of fluids and materials through a liner section in the direction of a longitudinal axis perpendicular to a cross-section of a liner section. Also, the flow of fluids and materials against the exterior faces of the opposing walls of a ditch liner section, that might otherwise cause erosion flow that might damage the ditch liner system installation, is addressed by providing subsurface aprons that extend monolithically from the liner section.
More specifically, as illustrated by cross-reference between FIGS. 11A through 15B, a flow control liner system 200 is provided that includes a ditch liner 202 formed with two opposing walls 204a,b. A plurality of friction control corrugations 206a,b is formed in the two opposing walls 204a,b. The flow control liner system 200 also includes one or more subsurface aprons 208a,b attached to the ditch liner 202.
As illustrated by cross-reference between FIGS. 11A-11B, flow control liner system 200 includes a plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liners 202a,b formed with opposing walls 204a,b. As also indicated, a plurality of friction control corrugations 206a,b is formed in the opposing walls 204a,b. As perhaps best illustrated in FIG. 13, the distal ends 210a,b of the two opposing walls 204a,b are joined at an elbow 212 in such a way that an opening 214 is defined by the proximal ends 216a,b of the opposing walls 204a,b. As perhaps best illustrated by cross-reference between FIGS. 11A-12B and FIG. 14, the dimensions of the plurality of troughs 218a-n between and adjacent to the plurality of ridges 220a-n of the plurality of friction control corrugations 206a,b are adjusted as a function of the distance D′ between the elbow 212 and the opening 214. In one aspect, the depth DA-DB of the plurality of troughs 218a-n, as illustrated in FIG. 12B, continuously increases between the elbow 212 and the opening 214, as illustrated by cross-reference between FIGS. 12B and 14. In one aspect, the dimension of depth DA is in the approximate range of 6-9 inches, and the dimension of depth DB is in the approximate range of 1-3 inches. In one aspect, a ditch liner may be 7-9 feet long, between 8 and 32 inches deep, and perhaps 72 inches wide between opposing rims 234a,b. However, as a person skilled in the art will appreciate, the actual dimensions of the one aspect of the friction control corrugations 206a-n are not limitations of this disclosure, and are provided to illustrate only one aspect of the flow control liner system 200.
In addition, a plurality of aprons 208a,b is provided. The plurality of aprons 208a,b are, in one aspect, monolithically formed in the flow control liner system 200, and in at least one other aspect (not shown) removably attachable to the two opposing walls 204a,b in such a way that the plurality of aprons 208a,b extend outwardly from the opposing walls 204a,b below the adjacent material and/or soil level 222a,b. 
As illustrated by cross-reference between FIGS. 11A-11B and 13-14, fluid and material flow through an installed ditch liner section 202 as illustrated in FIG. 11A, and/or through installed ditch liner sections 202a,b as illustrated in FIG. 11B, varies in speed, velocity, volume depending on a number of factors. For example, the speed, velocity, volume of fluid and material flow may vary with the angle of descent of the liner sections 202a,b through a ditch 224, the attraction force of gravity, turns and/or bends in the route of a flow control liner system 200 through a ditch 224 across lands, as well as the changing velocity, volume, displacement, and/or quantity of the fluid and material flow 226 as illustrated in FIG. 14. Such characteristics of flow are also affected by the cross-sectional shape of a ditch liner section 202a,b. For example, if the cross-sectional shape of a ditch liner section 202a,b is substantially triangular rather than trapezoidal, the flow rates at the surface 228 of the fluid and material flow 226 through a liner section 202a will vary.
Excessive flow rate and volume of fluid and material flow may cause a variety of problems in connection with an installed ditch liner system 200. Excessive velocity of the fluid and material flow 226 can induce undesirable pressures on components of a liner system, and on components used to anchor liner sections in an installed system, all contributing to undesirable movement or dislocation or changes in shape of one or more liner sections 202a,b. Excessive velocity and volume of fluid and material flow also can cause flooding over the opposing walls 204a,b of a liner section 202a,b, particularly at points in the system where a ditch liner system changes direction to follow a ditch route. Therefore, controlling fluid and material flow through the flow control liner system 200 is important.
The problem of controlling fluid and material flow 226 through a ditch liner section 202 is solved in part by forming the friction control corrugations 206a,b in the liner section 202a,b. It also is solved in part by including the subsurface aprons 208a,b. The friction control corrugations 206a,b are configured to produce different flow rates that anticipates the effects of the coefficient of friction on the opposing inner sides 230a,b of a liner section 202a,b, which may change depending on the distance between the bottom 232 of a liner section 202a,b and the surface 228 of a varying fluid and material flow 226 through the liner section 202a,b. 
As illustrated by cross-reference between FIGS. 11A-12B, the friction control corrugations 206a-n are formed in the opposing walls 204a,b of a liner section 202a,b as a function of the variable surface 228, and 228′ as illustrated in FIG. 13 in phantom to emphasize the variable nature of the fluid and material flow. The term “variable surface” refers to the fact that fluid and material flow 226 through one or more ditch liner sections 202a,b rarely will remain constant in volume, displacement, or quantity. Accordingly, the height of the surface 228 of the fluid and material flow 226 relative to the bottom 232 of liners 202a,b, or as defined in this document, the elbow 212 from which the opposing walls 204a,b of the liner section 202a, will vary.
Recognizing that fact, the friction control corrugations 206a-n disclosed in this document alter the velocity of fluids and materials conveyed through a liner section 202a between (a) the surface 228 of the fluid and material flow, and (b) the elbow 212 of the liner section 202a,b. This is accomplished, as illustrated in FIG. 14 diagrammatically, by increasing the depth of each trough 218a-n between corrugation ridges 220a-n as the distance D1 from the elbow 212 of the liner section 202a increases toward (i) the surface 228 of the fluid and material flow 228, and (ii) the opening 214 in the liner section 202a between opposing rims 232a,b of the liner sections 202a,b. 
As also illustrated by cross-reference between FIGS. 12A, 13, and 15A-15B, the flow control liner system 200 includes a plurality of subsurface aprons 208a-n. Each of the subsurface aprons 208a-n includes a recessed receptacle 236a-n. Each recessed receptacle 236a-n includes an orifice 238a-n. An anchoring device 240a-n may be inserted through the orifice 238a-n. A cap 242a-n is mountable over the top end 244a-n of the inserted anchoring device 240a-n to prevent corrosion and other damage to the top end 244a-n of the inserted anchoring device 240a-n. The mechanical advantages of the plurality of subsurface aprons 208a-n include anchoring a ditch liner 202 securely because the recessed receptacles 236a-n are substantially close together, and by positioning the plurality of friction control corrugations 206a,b to admit potential erosion flow of fluids and materials at several locations along the longitudinal axis of a ditch liner 202.
Drawing FIGS. 11A through 15B include at least one embodiment of the flow control ditch system as disclosed and claimed in this document. However, the embodiments are not intended to be exclusive but merely illustrative of the disclosed but non-exclusive embodiments. Claim elements and steps in this document have been numbered and/or lettered solely as an aid in readability and understanding, and are not intended to indicate the ordering of elements and steps in the claims. Means-plus-function clauses in the claims are intended to cover the structures described as performing the recited functions that include not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures.

## Claims

1. An apparatus for managing fluid and material flow, comprising:
a plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liners having a plurality of opposing walls joined at an elbow in such a way that an opening is defined by the proximal ends of the opposing walls;
a plurality of friction control corrugations formed in the plurality of opposing walls that include a plurality of troughs and ridges dimensionally adjusted as a function of the distance between the elbow and the opening; and
a plurality of aprons formed in the two opposing walls in such a way to extend outwardly from the opposing walls below an adjacent soil level.

2. An apparatus for managing fluid and material flow as recited in claim 1, wherein the depth of the plurality of troughs continuously increases between the elbow and the opening.

3. An apparatus for managing fluid and material flow as recited in claim 1, further comprising means for repositionably installing the ditch liner in a ditch.

4. An apparatus for managing fluid and material flow as recited in claim 1, further comprising means for anchoring the plurality of aprons below the adjacent soil surface.

5. A system for controlling fluid and material flow, comprising:
one or more connectable ditch liner sections having two opposing walls extending from an elbow;
a plurality of corrugations formed in the two opposing walls,
wherein the depth of the plurality of corrugations increases between the elbow and the surface of the fluid and material flow through the one or

more connectable ditch liner sections; and
opposing aprons attached to the opposing walls and configured for control of potential erosion flow on installation of the system in a ditch.

6. A system for controlling fluid and material flow as recited in claim 5, further comprising means for anchoring the opposing aprons in adjacent material and/or soil.

7. A system of controlling fluid and material flow as recited in claim 6, further comprising means for removably installing the system in a ditch.

8. A method of controlling fluid and material flow in a ditch, comprising:
selecting a material for forming a plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liner sections;
manipulating the material to form friction control corrugations in the plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liner sections forming opposing walls in the plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liner sections extending from an elbow formed at a juncture of the opposing walls substantially opposite an opening between the opposing walls, and further manipulating the material to increase the depth of the plurality of the troughs between the elbow and the opening;
including opposing aprons extending from the plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liner sections in such a way that the opposing aprons extend beneath the level of the soil adjacent the plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liner section on installation of the plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liner sections in a ditch;
interconnecting the plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liner sections within the ditch; and
securing the plurality of compressibly connectable ditch liner sections in the ditch.

9. An apparatus, comprising:
means for lining a ditch,
wherein the lining means includes a plurality of troughs and ridges formed in opposing compressibly connectable ditch liner sections;

means for controlling the flow of fluid and material through the means for lining a ditch,
wherein the controlling means includes troughs and ridges, further

wherein the troughs increase in depth as a function of the height of the surface of the flow of fluid and material through the compressibly connectable ditch liner sections; and
means for directing the flow of fluid and material into the means for lining a ditch.

10. An apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein the means for directing the flow of fluid and material into the means for lining a ditch includes one or more aprons extending from the means for lining a ditch in such a way that on installation in a ditch extend beneath the level of material and soil adjacent the ditch.