# Patent

## Title
Expanding projectile

## Abstract

An improved projectile having a penetrator and a body is disclosed. The penetrator is secured to the body. Upon impacting a target, the penetrator travels into the body and deforms the body. The body optionally has one or more portions, such as slots in the body, to promote deformation of the body upon the penetrator impacting the target. The body optionally has a bore extending at least partially therethrough that permits attachment of the penetrator at a second end of the body opposite the first end.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/283,765, filed on Sep. 16, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,171,852 entitled “Expanding Projectile,” which claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/977,373, filed Oct. 24, 2007, now abandoned entitled “Expanding Projectile,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/853,820, filed on Oct. 24, 2006, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a projectile for firearms that may be capable of radial expansion.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Projectiles for use as conventional ammunition are generally known and widely used. A sabot may be used with the projectile, which is common in hunting. A sabot is commonly used when the projectile (or ammunition) is smaller than the bore of the firearm. The sabot allows firing projectiles smaller than the bore of the firearm while maintaining range and overall performance of other types of ammunition. Typically, the projectile is inserted into the sabot and together the projectile and sabot is forced downward into the bore of the firearm, such as a muzzleloading firearm. The interaction of the projectile and the sabot results in the sabot frictionally contacting the contours of the bore as the projectile and sabot are loaded and forced into the firearm. Overcoming the friction between the sabot and the bore of the firearm requires additional force that is undesirable to a user of the firearm. Therefore, it is desirable for a projectile that may reduce the friction between the sabot and the bore of the firearm.
It is also a desirable to improve the properties exhibited by the projectile, such as ability to expand, air resistance, accuracy, and the like. In use for hunting, for example, it is typically desirable for the projectile to expand to maximize penetration and damage to the target. However, one deficiency with known ammunition is that there is neither enough projectile expansion nor sufficient penetration upon impacting the target. The impact of known projectiles when used in hunting, for example, results in a potentially slow and inhumane game harvesting.
Prior ammunition is made of lead to enhance its deformability. However, lead penetration into game presents a potential health risk due to the toxicity of lead. Therefore, the present invention seeks to address these and other limitations and to provide an improved projectile.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An improved projectile having a penetrator and a body is disclosed. The penetrator may be positioned adjacent to a first end of the body. The penetrator may be secured to the body, such as by frictional engagement or by a fastening member. The body may have one or more portions to promote deformation of the body upon the penetrator impacting the target. The body may have a bore extending at least partially therethrough that permits attachment of the penetrator at a second end of the body opposite the first end. The bore may promote deformation by permitting the penetrator to travel into the bore to expand or at least deform the body.
Further features or embodiments of the invention will be described or will become apparent in the course of the following detailed description.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The operation of the invention may be better understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in connection with the following illustrations, wherein:
FIG. 1 is perspective view of a projectile in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the projectile of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the projectile in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4a is a perspective view of the penetrator.
FIG. 4b is a frontal view of the penetrator.
FIG. 5a is cross-sectional view of a body having a bore extending therethrough in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5b is a cross-sectional view of a body having a bore termination within the body in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6a is a partial cross-sectional view of a projectile after impact with a target in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6b is a perspective view of the projectile of FIG. 6a. 
FIG. 6c is a frontal view of the projectile of FIG. 6a. 
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the projectile with a sabot in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a retention member in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a penetrator having a cavity or bore in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a projectile second to a body in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an overhead view of a retention member secured in the penetrator in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an overhead view of the retention member positioned on the body in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the projectile in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14a is an exploded cross-sectional view of a projectile having a shaft with an enlarged head in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14b is a cross-sectional view of the body having a shaft securing the penetrator to the body in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a projectile with a ram rod connected thereto.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention will now be described in accordance with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-14b. While some embodiments are described with reference to a projectile for a muzzle-loading firearm, it should be understood that the present invention may be used with other firearms, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in FIG. 1, a projectile 100 generally comprises a penetrator 110 and a body 120. The penetrator 110 is generally shaped to impact a target, such as, a tangible object, an animal, and any other target as appreciated by a person of skill in the art. To this end, the penetrator 110 may be made of a durable material capable of causing damage to the target upon impact. In a preferred embodiment, the penetrator 110 is made of a non-lead material, such as steel, for example, AISI 1215 steel or AISI 1018 steel. Advantageously, the present invention may be provide a projectile capable of use in hunting, for example, without use of a toxic lead material.
As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4a, 4b, the penetrator 110 may have a head portion 116 and a shoulder portion 118. The head portion 116 may face outward with respect to the body 120. The shoulder portion 118 may be positioned adjacent to the body 120. In an embodiment, the shoulder portion 118 may abut the body 120. The shoulder portion 118 may be shaped to aid the penetrator 110 in traveling into the body 120 upon the penetrator 110 impacting the target. The head portion 116 of the penetrator 110 may be shaped to improve aerodynamics of the projectile 100. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the head portion 116 may be substantially rounded or parabolic in shape to improve the aerodynamics of the projectile 100. The head portion 116 may be other shapes as will be appreciated by a person having ordinary skill in the art, such as but not limited to a pointed or bullet shape.
The body 120 may be shaped to correspond to the shape of a bore (or barrel) of a firearm. For example, as shown in FIG. 5a, the body 120 may be generally cylindrical in shape. The body 120 may be fabricated or otherwise manufactured from any suitable material. In an illustrative embodiment, the body 120 is fabricated from a non-lead material, such as AISI 1018 steel or AISI 1215 steel. The body 120 and the penetrator 110 may be made of the same materials or different materials. As an example, the penetrator 110 may be made from AISI 1215 steel, and the body 120 may be manufactured from AISI 1215 steel. Such a combination provides a material with good machinability, while eliminating concerns over lead toxicity.
Although the projectile 100 is shown without a jacket, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that the projectile 100 may be jacketed for use with different applications or firearms. The body 120 and/or the penetrator 110 may be shaped or textured to improve aerodynamics of the body 120. In an embodiment, the body 120 and the penetrator 110 may have a surface treatment to improve aerodynamics, to resist corrosion, and/or to enhance the appearance of the projectile 100. The surface treatment may be an oxide, such as black oxide, a plating, an annealing or any other type of surface treatment known to a person having ordinary skill in the art.
The body 120 may have a length defined between a first end 122 and a second end 124. The penetrator 110 may be positioned adjacent the first end 122 of the body 120. For example, the shoulder portion 118 of the penetrator 110 may abut the first end 122 of the body 120. The second end 124 may be sized and shaped to reduce contact and engagement with a sabot or such that the projectile 100 and the sabot may be inserted into a firearm with less frictional engagement of the sabot and the barrel or bore of the firearm. For example, in an embodiment, the second end 124 of the body may taper or otherwise decrease in size from the first end 122. As shown in FIG. 7, the body 120 may have one or more grooves or recesses 305. The grooves 305 may be indentations, apertures, perforations, craters or other structure that may reduce contact with a sabot that may be positioned about the projectile 100. The grooves 305 may be located adjacent the second end 124 to provide a reduction in material or to otherwise reduce expansion of the sabot and frictional engagement of the sabot with the bore of the firearm upon loading. For example, a sabot positioned about the projectile 100 may be forced down into the barrel of a firearm with a reduced amount of resistance due to the grooves 305 or the second end 124 having a tapered shape.
The body 120 may have a bore or cavity 129 extending at least partially therethrough. As shown in FIG. 3, the bore 129 may extend from the first end 122 toward the second end 124. The bore 129 may extend through the second end 124 or, alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5b, may terminate, such as at wall 135. In an embodiment, the bore 129 may have a larger diameter adjacent the first end 122. For example, the bore 129 may have a tapered surface 128 reducing the diameter from the diameter at the first end 122. A gap 137 may be provided between the shoulder portion 118 and a portion of the tapered surface 128 to allow for easier setback of the head portion 116 upon object impact. It is to be understood that the illustrative examples are not limiting and that one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate a variety of configurations between the first end 122 and the head portion 116 or the shoulder portion 118, and the tapered surface 128 and the head portion 116 or the shoulder portion 118.
The body 120 may have one or more portions 130 along the outer surface of the body 120. The portions 130 may be indentations, grooves, protrusions, slots or the like that permit or at least aid in deformation of the body 120, such as when the penetrator 110 impacts the target. The portions 130 may be located or positioned at or adjacent to the first end 122 of the body 120 and may extend a predetermined distance toward the second end 124 of the body 120. The portions 130 may have a thickness at the second end 124 less than a maximum thickness at the first end 124 of the body 120. FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 7 illustrate the body 120 having the portions 130 in the form of slots having no thickness, which by definition is less than the thickness of the first end 122 of the body 120. The portions 130 may be symmetrically spaced about the body 120 and extending partially along the length of the body 120. In an embodiment, the portions 130 extend through the body 120 into an interior of the body 120. It is to be understood that the portions 130 may be of any depth into or through the body 120, as shown in FIG. 5a, and may vary in depth from the first end 122 to or toward the second end 124. The body 120 may have one or more of the portions 130 and should not be deemed as limited to any specific number of portions 130. In a preferred embodiment, the body 120 has six portions 130 spaced symmetrically about the body 120. The portions 130 may be any structure or modification to the body 120 that permits deformation of the body 120.
The portions 130 may serve as rupture initiators that promote deformation of the body 120, such as into petals 155 upon impact of the penetrator 100 with a target as shown in FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c. In an illustrative example, the shoulder 118 may expand the tapered surface 128 at the deformable portions 130 outwardly. The penetrator 110, for example, may travel into the body 120 upon impacting a target causing the penetrator 110 to force the deformable portions 130 to expand or at least deform, such as shown in FIGS. 6a-6c. To this end, the deformable portions 130 may deform prior to the non-deformable portion (or other portions) of the body 120. In other words, the deformable portions 130 may be more easily deformable than the rest of the body 120.
The bore 129 may be hollow such that a shaft 119 may extend through the bore 129. The shaft 119 may secure the penetrator 110 to the body 120. The shaft 119 may be integrally formed with the penetrator 110 as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4a, 6a and 9. For example, the shaft 119 may extend from the shoulder 118 of the penetrator portion 110 of the projectile 100. In another embodiment, the shaft 119 may be separate from the penetrator 110. If the shaft 119 is not integrally formed with the penetrator 110, the shaft 119 may be secured to the penetrator 110. For example, the shaft 119 may be threaded onto or into the penetrator 110, and/or the shaft 119 may be press-fit onto the penetrator 110. The shaft 119 may have a shape corresponding to the bore 129, such as substantially cylindrical in shape.
The shaft 119 may include one or more protrusions 140 capable of frictionally engaging the shaft 119 to a cavity wall 143 of the body 120. Accordingly, the protrusions 140 are capable of securing the penetrator 110 to the body 120 until impact, when the frictional forces may be overcome, permitting the shaft 119 to travel axially into the body 120 toward or beyond the second end 124 of the body 120.
In an illustrative example, the protrusion 140 may be longitudinal ridges or knurls, as shown in FIG. 4a, or may be teeth, roughened surfaces, or any other structure that frictionally engages the penetrator 110 with the body 120. Optionally, arrangements of o-rings, adhesives, frictional fits, or other arrangements may be used. For example, an o-ring (not shown) may be positioned between the penetrator 110 and the body 120 to secure the penetrator 110 to the body 120. Furthermore, a groove (not shown) may be included, for example, in either the shaft 119 or the cavity wall 143, into which the o-ring may be seated to more precisely position the o-ring.
The shaft 119 may be secured to the body 120 in other manners. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, a retention member 400 may be provided to secure the penetrator 110 to the body 120. The retention member 400 may comprise a base 410 and a leg 420 extending therefrom as best shown in FIG. 8. It is to be understood that the retention member 400 may be formed from any suitable material such as, but not limited to, a material similar or identical to the penetrator 110 or body 120.
As shown in FIG. 9, the penetrator shaft 119 may be provided with a cavity 425 defined by inner wall 430 and accessible at the end 121. As best shown in FIG. 10, an inner wall 430 of the shaft 119 may receive the leg 420 so that the base 410 abuts the body end 124. In a non-limiting example, the leg 420 may be threadingly secured to the inner wall 430. The base 410 may be provided with a drive point (not shown) to facilitate rotation of the retention member 400 to threadingly secure the leg 420 to the shaft 119. It is also to be understood, however, that one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a variety of structures may be used to secure the leg 420 to the shaft 119 including, but not limited to adhesives, or-rings, friction fits, and the like.
The base 410 may be provided in a variety of shapes. As shown in FIG. 11, the base 410 may be substantially circular and may have a larger diameter than the cavity 129 defined by the cavity wall 143. In another illustrative example, as shown in FIG. 12, the head may be substantially cross-shaped so that at least a portion of the base 410 extends across the cavity 129 along end 124. Although shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 as extending only along a portion of the end 124, it is to be understood that the base 410 may span the entire diameter of the end 124. In another illustrative example, as best shown in FIG. 13, the body 120 may be provided with a recess 450 for receiving the base 410 therein. Such a configuration provides a flush fit of the base 410 with the second end 124 of the body 120.
The base 410 may be positioned at the end 124 so that the penetrator 110 maintains its connection to the body 120 prior to or during firing. The base 410 may prevent the penetrator 110 and body 120 from separating upon impact with the target. For example, the retention member 400 is secured to the penetrator 110 so that the body 120 is sandwiched between the base 410 and the head portion 116 of the penetrator 110. The retention member 400 is capable of securing the penetrator 110 to the body 120 so that there may be a gap between the shaft 119 and the cavity wall 143. Accordingly, the retention member 400 secures the penetrator 110 to the body 120 to prevent the shaft 119 from traveling axially through the cavity 129 towards the first end 122 of the body 120 while allowing the shaft 119, upon impact of the head 116 with an object, to travel axially through the cavity 129 towards the second end 124. In an embodiment, at least a portion of the shaft 119, such as the end 121, may extend beyond the second end 124.
The retention member 400 may be used with or without the protrusions 140. For example, the surface of the shaft 119 opposite the cavity wall 143 may be substantially smooth. Such a configuration eliminates, or substantially decreases, the frictional force between the shaft 119 and the cavity wall 143. Accordingly, the penetrator 110 may incur less resistance from the body 120 when the penetrator impacts an object, which may result in a greater deformation of the body 120 upon impact or entry into the target.
Another non-limiting example of securing the penetrator 110 to the body 120 involves an enlarged end 200 on the shaft 119 as shown in FIGS. 14a and 14b. The enlarged end 200 may be larger in size and in shape than the bore 129. To this end, the enlarged end 200 may prevent the shaft 119 from sliding or axially moving through the bore 129. The end of the shaft 119 opposite the enlarged end 200 may be secured to the penetrator 110 in any manner known to a person having ordinary skill in the art. For example, the penetrator 110 may be welded, molded, adhered, frictionally fit, or press fit onto the shaft 119. In a preferred embodiment, the penetrator 110 is secured by threads to the shaft 119. For example, the shaft 119 may have male threads that engage female threads within the penetrator 110. Accordingly, the shaft 119 may secure the penetrator 110 to the body 120. The penetrator 110 and the body 120 may be secured together such that they remain connected after the projectile has impacted the target. Therefore, the projectile 100 may be easily removed from the target without requiring a user to locate and remove the penetrator 110 separate from the body 120. The projectile 100 may have the portions 130 spaced about the body 120. In an embodiment, the body 120 has six of the portions 130 spaced about the body 120.
As shown in FIG. 7, a sabot 300 having a proximal end 312 and a distal end 314 may be provided with the projectile 100. The proximal end 312 of the sabot 300 defines an opening 316 within the sabot 300 that is capable of receiving the projectile 100. The opening 316 may be sized and shaped to receive the second end 124 of the body 120 and at least a portion of the body 120. The sabot 300 may include one or more slots 330 extending from the proximal end 312 and along its sides. The slots 330 may be substantially parallel to the length of the sabot 300. The slots 330 may form one or more petal-like structures that permit insertion of the projectile 100 into the sabot 300. The sabot 300 may expand upon insertion of the projectile 100, such as by expansion of the petal-like portions between the one or more slots 330. The one or more grooves 305 can be optionally machined on the body 120, such as the surface in that may contact the sabot 300. The grooves 305 may reduce frictional forces that a user must overcome when loading the projectile-sabot combination down the barrel of a firearm, such as a muzzle-loading rifle.
In use, the projectile 100 may be inserted into the sabot 300. The projectile 100, with or without the sabot 300, may be pushed and forced downward into the barrel or bore of a firearm. When a sabot 300 is used, the projectile 100 is fired from the firearm, the sabot 300 and projectile 100 travel together. The sabot 300 strips away from the projectile 100 by wind resistance, and the projectile 100 continues toward the target. Upon impacting the target, such as the body of an animal, the head portion 116 of the penetrator 110 may first contact the target. The resulting impact causes the penetrator 110 to impart a force onto the body 120 to deform and enlarge the body 120. For example, the head portion 116 of the penetrator 110 or the impact with the target may drive the portion 130 outward from the body 120. The shaft 119 then moves with the penetrator 110 axially into the bore 129 to deform the body 120. The head portion 116 and the shoulder portion 118 acts as a wedge on the tapered surface 128 and cavity walls 143, expanding the first end 122 of the body 120 as shown in FIGS. 6a-6c. The penetrator 110 and the body 120 remain secured together upon impacting the target.
The head portion 116 permits the projectile 100 to penetrate the target as the body 120 expands. The ability of the shaft 119 to continue driving through and beyond the second end 124 allows for greater expansion of the body 120, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the projectile 100. Thus, the projectile 100 exhibits the characteristics of both improved projectile expansion and penetration upon impacting the target, which, for example, promotes quick and humane harvesting of game while hunting. Moreover, this product, unlike the majority of rifle projectiles, may be constructed with substantially lead-free materials. This enables the use of this projectile in areas where lead toxicity is a concern.
In an embodiment, the projectile 100 may include features to assist in the projectile's removal from the barrel of a firearm. For example, the penetrator 110 may include an opening 150, as shown in FIG. 15. The opening 150 may be a threaded opening as illustrated. The threaded opening may be configured to receive a similarly sized and threaded portion 152, such as a portion of a shaft 119, as described above. The threaded portion 152, however, may extend into only a portion of the hole, leaving the upper portion of the threaded opening 150 open. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 15, the threaded portion 152 may extend approximately half way into the opening 150.
In an embodiment, the shaft 119 and penetrator 110 may be integrally connected or formed as a unitary piece. The penetrator may include a threaded opening 154 at its end to receive a similarly threaded portion therein.
The projectile may be removed from a tube or barrel of a firearm by connecting a ram rod 154 to the penetrator 110 and extracting it from the barrel. For example, the ram rod 154 may include a threaded protrusion 156. The protrusion 156 may be sized and threaded to engage the threaded opening 150 in the penetrator 110. For example, the protrusion 156 may extend approximately half way into the threaded opening 150. The ram rod 154 may then be removed from the barrel, thereby also removing the penetrator 110 from the barrel.
The invention has been described above and, obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this specification. The claims as follows are intended to include all modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the claims or the equivalent thereof.

## Claims

1. A combination projectile for impacting a target and ram rod comprising:
a shaft having a first end and a second end;
a penetrator connected to the first end of the shaft, the penetrator having a threaded opening to receive a threaded portion therein; and
a ram rod having a threaded portion at an end, the threaded portion configured to mate with the threaded opening in the penetrator.

2. The projectile and ram rod of claim 1, wherein the threaded opening extends through the penetrator.

3. The projectile and ram rod of claim 2, wherein the shaft includes a threaded portion connected to the threaded opening.

4. The projectile and ram rod of claim 3, wherein the threaded portion of the shaft extends into only a portion of the threaded opening, leaving a portion of the threaded opening open.

5. The projectile and ram rod of claim 1 further comprising a body secured to the shaft.

6. The projectile and ram rod of claim 5, wherein the body comprises a bore extending therethrough, and wherein the shaft is positioned within the bore.

7. The projectile and ram rod of claim 5, wherein the body includes a plurality of slots therein.

8. The projectile and ram rod of claim 5, wherein the second end of the shaft extends past the body.

9. The projectile and ram rod of claim 5, wherein the penetrator is wider than the bore.