# OAR Box 1107 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



## Document

Number: 

# 42 ) IV-A- 1 Docket Number: 

# A-81-2 1

Printed 4/11/2008 3:03:46

PM Sheet 42 of 90 P. 1> ' - 

# A-81-2 1 P. 2

IV-A- 1



# Benzen e Emission s fro m Benzen e Storag e Tanks — Backgroun d Informatio n fo r Propose d Standard s

Emissio n Standard s an d Engineerin g Divisio n



# RADIA N LIBRAR

Y DURHAM , N . C .

U.S

. ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y Offic e o f Air , Noise , an d Radiatio n Offic e o f Ai rQualit yPlannin g an d Standard s Researc h Triangl e Park , Nort h Carolin a 2771 1

Decembe r198 0

# • i

Tabl e 3-5 . MODE L BENZEN E STORAG E PLANT S

(A ) r o i — • Typ e o f Tan k dimensions . Existing tan k type mode l (diameter/height ) (CTGa s baseline ) plan t (meters ) (feet ) BENZENE PRODUCER Larg e facilit y

(throughpu t o f 224. 6 xIO 6 liters/year) : 12/ 9 18/1 2 8/ 5 9/ 9 13/1 3 24/ 9 27/1 5 (40/30 ) ncIFR

(60/39.8 ) EFRp s (25/18 ) cIFRp s (30/30 ) cIFRp s (42/41.8 ) ncIFR (80/30 ) ncIF R (90/48 ) ncIFR Smal l facilit y

(throughpu t o f 46. 3 xIO 6 liters/year) : 3/1 1 13/1 3 8/1 1 32/ 7 (10/36 ) F R (42/41.8 ) ncIFR (25/35.9 ) ncIFR (104/24 ) cIFRp s BENZENE CONSUMER(throughpu t o f 42. 1 xIO 6 liters/year) :

12/ U 18/1 5 BUL KSTORAG E TERMINA

L 12/1 1 18/1 5 (42/35.9 ) ncIFR

(60/43 ) cIFRp s (throughpu t o f 42. 1 xIO 6 liters/year) : (40/35.9 ) ncJF R (60/43 ) cIFRp s New tan k type* ' (NSP S a s baseline )

ncIFR EFRs s ncIFR ncIFR ncIFR ncIFR ncIF R F R ncIFR ncIFR ncIF R
ncIF R ncIF R
ncIF R ncIF R Tan

k siz e (IO 3 liters )

98 0 2,93 0 24 0 66 0 1,64 0 3.99 0 8,63 0 8 0 1,65 0 49 0 5,28 0
1.24 0 3.41 0 1,24 0 3.41 0 Annua l throughpu t

(IO 6 liters/year )

117. 1 38. 3 28. 7 78. 8 21. 4 52. 1 112. 8 6. 5 11. 0 39. 8 35. 3
11. 2 30. 9
11. 2 30. 9 Annua l turnover s

11 9 (rundow

ntank ) 1 3 11 9 (rundow

ntank ) 11 9 (rundow

ntank ) 1 3 1 3 1 3
8 1 (rundow

ntank ) 7 8 1 (rundow

ntank ) 7 9 9 9 9 *FR-fixed-roo f tank , EFRps-extema l floating-roo f tan k wit h a primar

y seal , EFRss-externa l floating-roo f tan k wit h primar

y and secondar y seals , ncIFR-noncontac t Internal , floating-roo f tank , cIFRps-contact Interna l floating-roo f tan k wit h primar

y seal .



# £P. 4

provid e estimate s o f th e cost s t o instal l fixe d o r interna l floatin g roof s o nexistin g storag e tank s (Table s 7-16 , 7-17 , 7-18 , and7-19) . Th e externa l floating-roo f tan k CT Gwa s th e sourc e o f th e cost s fo r cleaning , degassing , and certifyin g modifie dtank s andinstallin g secondar y seal s o nexterna l floatin g roof s (Tabl e 7-20) . Th e secondar y sea l cost s wer e

a ls o use dt o evaluat e th e cost s o f retrofittin g interna l floatin g roof s

w it hsecondar y

seals . Becaus e th e cost s fo r modifyin g existing storag e tank s wer e obtaine d fo r a rang e o f fiv e tan k sizes , th e cos t o f modifyin g eac htan k i na mode l facilit y

wa s estimate db

y performin g a straigh t lin e linea r regressio n analysi s onth e fiv e paire dfunction s o f cos t andtan k size . Thes e fiv e pairedfunction s included : (1 ) th e cos t o f fittin g a roo f onanexterna l floating-roo f tan k versu s th e squar e o f th e tan k diameter , (2 ) th e cos t o f installin g a secondar y sea l o na ninterna l o r externa l floatin g roo f versu s th e tan k diameter , (3 ) th e cos t o f cleaning , degassing , andcerti fyin g a tan k versu s tan k volume , (4 ) th e cos t o f removin g a noncontac t interna l floatin g roo f versu s th e squar e o f th e tan k diameter , and(5 ) th e cos t o f installin g a contac t o r noncontac t interna l floatin g roo f versu s the squar e o f th e tan k diameter . Th e capita l cost s o f installin g a carbo nadsorptio no r therma l oxidatio nvapo r contro l system t o reduc e benzen e emission s fro m a nexistin g mode l facilit y

ar e presente di nTable s 7-2 1 an d7-22 , respectively . Thes e cost s wer e estimate dfro m informatio nsupplie d b y vendor s o f th e contro l equipment . I t wa s assume dtha t eac hsystem , whic hwa s size dt o recove r th e emission s fro m a tan k bein g fille db y a barg e a t a rat e o f 7,75 0 liters/minut e (2,00 0 gallons/minute) , wa s connecte dt o al l benzen e 2 9 storag e tank s a t a facility . Approximatel y 18 0 meter s (60 0 feet ) o f vapo r collectio npip e wa s use dt o connec t eac htan k t o th e carbo nadsorp tio no r therma l oxidatio nunit . Th e carbo nadsorptio nan dtherma l oxidatio n system s als o utilize d pressur e switche s andblower s (se e Sectio n4.2.8) . Wate r seal s wer e use d t o reduc e th e dange r o f flashback , andi t wa s assume d tha t a nadequat e suppl y o f stea

m wa s availabl e fo r regeneratin g th e carbo nbe di f a carbo nadsorptio nuni t wer e used . Als o include d inth e capita l cost s fo r a carbo nadsorptio nanda therma l oxidatio nsystem wa s th e cos t fo r safet y devices , includin g a

7-3 5P. 5



### Tabl e 7-16 . COS T O F INSTALLINGA NONCONTAC T INTERNAL FLOATINGROO F I

N A N EXISTINGFIXED-ROO F TANK 9


### Tan k Installe d capita l cos t Cos t o f cleaning , Tota l dimension s o f a n aluminu m noncontact,
. degassing , and , cos t (meters ) interna l floatin g roo f ' certificatio n 8 x 1 2 1 3 x 1 5 1 4 x 1 7 2 1 x 1 2 2 7 x 1 5 $ 6,60 0 10,55 0 11,75 0 18,35 0 25,45 0 1,30 0 2,00 0 2,50 0 3,40 0 6,15 0 $7,90 0

12,50 0 14,25 0 21,75 0 31,60 0

a 

### Cost s ar e i n first-quarte r1979 dollars , Diamete rb

yheigh t
c 

### Gul f Coas t installation
.

7-3 6P. 6



### Tabl e 7-17 . COS T O F INSTALLIN GA CONTAC T INTERNA

L FLOATINGROO F IN

A N EXISTINGFIXED-ROO F TANK a



### Tank ' . dimension s (meters ) Installe d capita l

cos t o f a n aluminu m contac t internal 9 

### c floatin g roof c 

### ' " Cos t o f cleaning , degassing , and , certificatio n

Cost s ar e i n first-quarte r1979 dollars
. 'Diamete rb

yheight
. 'Gul f Coas t installation
. Tota l cos t 8 x 1 2 1 3 x 1 5 1 4 x 1 7 2 1 x 1 2 2 7 x 1 5 $ 9,30 0

15,30 0 17,50 0 32,40 0 48,95 0 $1,30 0 2,00 0 2,50 0 3,40 0 6,15 0 $10,60 0 17,30 0 20,05 0 35,80 0 55,10 0

7-3 7P. 7



### Tabl e 7-18 . COS T O F INSTALLINGA FIXED ROO F O

N A N EXISTINGEXTERNAL FLOATING-ROO F TANK *

Tan k diamete r (meters ) 

## 8 1 3 1 4 2 1 27 x1 2
x1 5
x1 7
x1 2
x1 5 co s Installe d capital
. 91 

### Cos t o f cleam n t o f aluminu m dom

e * * degassing , an d $ 7,60 0 13,80 0 15,80 0 32,60 0 50,10 0 Cos t o f cleaning , 24 

## certificatio n $1,30 0 2,00 0 2,50 0 3,40 0 6,15 0 Tota l

cos t $ 8,90 0 15,80 0 18,30 0 36,00 0 56,30 0 Cost s ar e i n first-quarte r197 9 dollars
. Gul f Coas t installation
. c 

### Self-supportin g aluminu m dom e cost s includ e remova l o f platfor m an d ladde r a s wel l a

s additio n o f ne

wri m angle
.

3 to Iii ! 

### 7-3 8

# T P. 8



### Tabl e 7-19 . COS T O F INSTALLINGA CONTAC T INTERNAL FLOATIN GROO F I N A N EXISTINGNONCONTAC T INTERNA L FLOATING-ROO F TANK 3



### Tan k Installe dcapita l

cos t o f a

naluminu

m dimension s contac t internal g (meters ) floatin g roo f ' Cos t o f Cos t o f clean - removin g ing , degassing , noncontac t d certifica

- interna l 2 

### B tion 2 4 

### floatin g roo f $1,30 0 2,00 0 2,50 0 3,40 0 6,15 0 $ 60 0

1,00 0 1,10 0 2,00 0 2,70 0 Tota l

cos t $11,20 0 18,30 0 21,20 0 37,80 0 57,80 0 8 x 1 2 1 3 x 1 5 - 1 4 x 1 7 2 1 x 1 2 2 7 x 1 5 $ 9,30 0

15,30 0 17,50 0 32,40 0 48,95 0 

### Cost s ar e i nfirst-quarte r 197 9 dollars . Diamete r b

y height . c 

### Gul f Coas t installation .

7-3 9

### Tabl e 7-20 . COS T O F INSTALLIN G ASECONDAR Y SEA L O NA N EXISTIN G INTERNA L O R EXTERNA L FLOATIN G ROOF a P. 9



### Tan k b 

### dimension s (meters )
8 x 1 2 1 3 x 1 5 1 4 x 1 7 2 1 x 1 2 2 7 x 1 5 Installe d capita l

cos t o f 2 4 secondar ysea l $ 3,81 0 5,52 0 6,40 0 8,69 0 10,50 0 Cos t o f cleaning , degassing , and . certificatio n $1,30 0 2,00 0 2,50 0 3,40 0 6,15 0 

### Tota l

cos t $ 5,10 0 7,52 0 8,90 0 12,09 0 16,65 0
Cost s ar e i n first-quarte r 197 9 dollars . •"Diamete r byheight .

7-4 0' 

### Tabl e 7-21 . COS T O F INSTALLIN GA CARBON ADSORPTIO N A T A N EXISTINGMODE L FACILITY 3



### Carbo nadsorptio n syste m component s Piping , pressur e switches , an d backu ppressur e switche s Two wate r seal s an

dtw o backup wate r seal s Two blower s an

dtw o backu p blower s Benzen e saturato r an

drelate d equipmen t Carbo nadsorptio nuni t an d relate dequipmen t Cleanin g an

ddegassin g o f tank s Tota l Larg e benzen e produce r $67,84 0 12,48 0 14,56 0 62,14 0 109,06 0 18,00 0 $284,08 0

a 

### Cost s ar e i nfirst-quarte r 197 9 dollars .

7-4 1 Smal l

benzen e produce r $43,63 0 12,48 0 14,56 0 62,14 0 109,06 0 8,40 0 $250,27 0 SYSTEM

Benzen e

consume r o r bul k storag e termina l $27,49 0 12,48 0 14,56 0 62,14 0 109,06 0 4,80 0 $230,53 0 P.1 0

### Tabl e 7-22 . COS T O F INSTALLINGA THERMAL OXIDATIO N

SYSTE M A T A N EXISTINGMODE L FACILITY 3 p.1 1 

# ]

Therma l oxidatio n syste m component s Larg e benzen e produce r Smal l

benzen e produce r Benzen e consume r o r bul k storag e termina l Piping , pressur e switche s an dbacku ppressur e swi tche s 

## $67,84 0 $43,63 0 $27,49 0

Tw o wate r seal s an

d tw o backu pwate r seal s Two blower s an

d tw o backu p blower s Benzen e saturato r an

d relate dequipmen t Therma l oxidatio nuni t an drelate dequipmen t Cleanin g an

d degassin g o f tank s Tota l 12,48 0 14,56 0 62,14 0 67,02 0 18,00 0 $242,04 0 12,48 0

14,56 0 62,14 0 67,02 0 8,40 0 $208,23 0 12,48 0 14,56 0 62,14 0 67,02 0 4,80 0 $188,49 0 

## Cost s ar e i n first-quarte r197

9 dollars .

7-4 2P.1 2

benzen e saturato r an d redundan t pressur e switches , wate r seals , an d blowers . Th e capita l cos t require d fo r eac hexistin g mode l facilit y t o compl y wit hth e requirement s o f eac hcontro l optio ni s show ninTabl e 7-23 . 7.2.1. 2 Annualize d costs . Th e capita l cos t fo r eac hcontro l optio n wa s annualize d usin g a usefu l lifetime o f 1 0 year s fo r interna l an d 3 0 externa l floatin g roof s an dseals . Al l othe r hardwar e includin g fixe d roofs , carbo nadsorptio nsystems , andtherma l oxidatio nsystem s wa s assume dt o hav e a usefu l lifetime o f 1 5 years . N o salvag e valu e was use d inestimatin g th e annualize dcos t fo r an y option . Using a 1 0 percen t interes t rat e i nconjunctio nwit hthes e usefu l lifetimes , th e capita l recover y rate s ar e 16.2 7 percen t and13.1 5 percen t fo r 1 0 year s an

d1 5 years , respectively . Wit hth e additio no f a 4 percen t rat e fo r taxes , insurance , an dadministrativ e expenses , th e capita l recover y

rate s become 20.2 7 percen t an d17.1 5 percent , respectively. A yearl y maintenanc e charg e o f 5 percen t o f th e installe d capita l cos t wa s adde dwhe nconvertin g a fixed-roo f tan k t o aninterna l floating roo f tank . N o charg e wa s assesse dwhe nconvertin g a nexterna l floating-roo f tan k t o a ninterna l floating-roo f tank . A yearl y maintenanc e charg e o f 1 percen t o f th e installe d capita l cos t wa s include d i nth e cost s fo r th e option s requirin g th e us e o f a vapo r contro l system . Whe nretrofittin g a fixed-roo f tan k wit haninterna l floatin g roof , i t was assume dtha t th e tan k owne r o r operato r woul dconduc t biannua l visua l inspection s o f th e interna l floatin g roo f throug hroo f hatche s on th e fixe droof . Thes e inspection s wer e estimate dt o cos t $20 0 annually . I t was als o assume dtha t a nadditiona l an dmor e thoroug hinspectio n insid e eac htan k woul db e conducte da t leas t onc e ever y 5 year s a t an estimate dcos t o f $1,000 , includin g th e cost s fo r cleanin g an ddegassin g th e tank . Thi s 5-yea r inspectio nwas projecte dt o hav e anannualize d cos t o f approximatel y $200 . Owner s o r operator s o f al l tank s othe r tha n fixed-roo f tank s wer e assume dt o already hav e simila r inspectio nschedule s Fo r th e contro l option s requirin g th e us e o f vapo r contro l systems , utilit y expense s wer e estimate dusin g electricit y cost s o f $0.04/kWh , natura l ga s cost s o f $0.07/m 3 , an dstea m cost s o f $7.23/Mg . I t wa s als o 

### 31

7-4 3