This opinion will be unpublished and

may not be cited except as provided by

Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A13-0429

State of Minnesota,

by its Commissioner of Transportation, petitioner,

Appellant,

vs.

Debra Jean Johnson,

a/k/a Debra J. Johnson; et al.,

Respondents,

Great Lakes Gas Transmission Company, et al.,

Respondents Below.

Filed September 22, 2014

Affirmed

Reilly, Judge

Beltrami County District Court

File No. 04-CV-10-151

Lori Swanson, Attorney General, Stephen D. Melchionne, Natasha Karn, Assistant 

Attorneys General, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)

Daniel J. Biersdorf, Ryan Simatic, Biersdorf & Associates, P.A., Minneapolis, Minnesota 

(for respondents)

Considered and decided by Peterson, Presiding Judge; Reilly, Judge; and Reyes, 

Judge. 
2

U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N

REILLY, Judge

Appellant challenges the district court’s award of attorney fees to respondents

arising out of an eminent-domain action, arguing that the district court’s award was 

clearly erroneous and not supported by the evidence in the record. Because the district 

court did not abuse its discretion by applying the factors enunciated by the supreme court 

in State v. Paulson, 290 Minn. 371, 188 N.W.2d 424 (1971), to adjust a lodestar-based 

attorney fee upwards, and because the district court did not clearly err in determining a 

reasonable award of attorney fees, we affirm. 

FACTS

Respondents Diane Davis, Jay Davis, and Northwoods Investments of Bemidji, 

LLC, are the owners of real property located in Bemidji. The property is low-density 

commercial property composed of two tracts of 2.31 acres and 16.46 acres for a total of 

18.77 acres, located on the east side of Highway 197 on the north-east quadrant of the 

intersection of Highway 197/71 and Highway 2. Prior to condemnation, respondents’ 

property had direct access from Highway 197 on its west side. Diane Davis and Jay 

Davis operate the Royal Oaks RV Park campground on the largest portion of the 

property. The 2.31-acre portion of the property fronting Highway 197 is known as 

Northwoods Investment of Bemidji, LLC, and is held by Diane Davis and Jay Davis as 

an investment property to take advantage of the road frontage and the Highway 2 exit 

ramp location. 
3

The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) determined that the state 

needed to exercise its eminent-domain powers to take certain lands in Beltrami County 

for trunk highway purposes, including portions of respondents’ property. In August 

2009, the state presented a certified offer to respondents of $48,300, which was declined. 

The last written offer by MnDOT to respondents was $112,600. 

In December 2009, the state filed a condemnation petition under Minn. Stat. 

§ 117.042 (2012) to obtain fee simple absolute title to the lands, including right-of-access 

to the highway and temporary easements. With respect to respondents’ land in particular, 

the taking consisted of 0.59 acres of fee simple interest, right-of-access to the highway 

along the east edge of the new right-of-way, and a ten-inch strip of temporary easement 

along the new right-of-way. As a result of the taking, respondents’ property no longer 

had direct access from the highway. 

The condemnation matter came before the district court in April 2010. 

Respondents objected to the granting of the petition. The district court determined that 

the proposed taking “is for a public use or public purpose, and is necessary, and as such is 

provided for and authorized by law,” and granted the state title and possession of the 

taking through the eminent-domain process. Following issuance of the condemnation 

order, the parties began settlement discussions on respondents’ damages claim.

In September 2010, respondents retained counsel to represent them in their claim 

against the state. The representation agreement between respondents and their attorney 

provided that counsel would be entitled to a contingency-fee award equal to one-third of 

the difference between the last written offer by the state and the final settlement, 
4

including interest. Respondents’ attorney engaged in protracted settlement negotiations 

on their behalf and ultimately secured a settlement in the amount of $425,000 to fully and 

finally settle all claims in the action, exclusive of claims arising under Minn. Stat.

§ 117.031 (2012) for statutory attorney fees, costs, and expenses. The stipulated 

settlement agreement was approved by the state in March 2012. 

In June 2012, respondents moved for attorney fees, litigation expenses, and 

interest under Minnesota Statute section 117.031. Respondents sought a contingency fee 

of $113,531.92, representing one-third of the difference between the last written offer of 

$112,600 and the settlement of $453,195.75, including the $425,000 award and

$28,195.74 in interest. Respondents submitted affidavits from their counsel including the 

representation agreement, a summary of the hours expended by the firm, and an affidavit 

of attorney fees and costs. The state opposed the motion, and the parties appeared before 

the district court in October 2012 on respondents’ motion. The district court issued its 

order on January 8, 2013, granting respondents’ motion for an award of attorney fees as 

follows: $113,531.92 for attorney fees, $8,000 in appraisal expenses, and $769.89 in 

costs, for a total award of $122,301.81. The state appeals. 

D E C I S I O N

We review an award of attorney fees for an abuse of discretion. Cnty. of Dakota v. 

Cameron, 839 N.W.2d 700, 711 (Minn. 2013). A district court’s factual findings 

underlying an award of attorney fees will not be set aside unless clearly erroneous. Id. 

The reasonable value of an attorney’s work is a question of fact and the district court’s 
5

findings will be upheld unless they are clearly erroneous. Cnty. of Scott v. Johnston, 841 

N.W.2d 357, 361 (Minn. App. 2013). 

I.

The first question presented is whether the district court used the proper method in 

awarding attorney fees under Minn. Stat. § 117.031(a). This section provides that a 

property-owner is entitled to an award of “reasonable attorney fees, litigation expenses, 

appraisal fees, other experts fees, and other related costs” if the final judgment or 

damages award in an eminent-domain proceeding “is more than 40 percent greater than 

the last written offer of compensation made by the condemning authority prior to the 

filing of the petition[.]” Minn. Stat. § 117.031. The district court found that MnDOT’s

original quick-take offer for the property was $48,300 and MnDOT’s last written offer 

was $112,600. Because the stipulated damages award was $425,000, the district court 

correctly determined that the award exceeded the last written offer by more than 40% and 

respondents were entitled to reasonable statutory attorney fees. 

On appeal, the state challenges the district court’s method of determining the 

reasonableness of the attorney-fee award. The Minnesota Supreme Court’s analysis in 

Cameron is instructive. 839 N.W.2d at 700. The Cameron decision directs that “the 

lodestar approach governs the determination of the reasonableness of an award of 

attorney fees under Minn. Stat. § 117.031(a).” Id. at 711. The lodestar method requires a 

district court to determine the number of hours reasonably expended on the case and then 

multiply that number by a reasonable hourly rate. Id. However, “[t]he product of 

reasonable hours [times] a reasonable rate does not end the inquiry.” Id. The district 
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court must consider “all relevant circumstances when evaluating the reasonableness of 

the hours expended by attorneys and their hourly rates.” Id. Specific factual 

considerations, known as the Paulson factors, include: 

the time and labor required; the nature and difficulty of the 

responsibility assumed; the amount involved and the results 

obtained; the fees customarily charged for similar legal 

services; the experience, reputation, and ability of counsel; 

and the fee arrangement existing between counsel and the 

client. 

Cameron, 839 N.W.2d at 711 (quoting 290 Minn. at 373, 188 N.W.2d at 426).

The state argues that the district court failed to properly apply the lodestar method 

and instead impermissibly used a contingency rate to determine the attorney-fee award. 

Contrary to the state’s assertion, however, the district court addressed both the lodestar 

method and the Paulson factors in its analysis. The district court determined that the 

award sought by respondents was reasonable “by computing the reasonable hourly rate 

times a reasonable number of hours under lodestar and adjusting upward for various 

Paulson factors.” Although the state is correct that the district court’s attorney-fee award 

was not based solely on the lodestar method, Minnesota courts have long recognized that 

other considerations, including the results obtained by the attorney for the prevailing 

party may lead the district court to adjust the fee upward or downward. Specialized 

Tours, Inc. v. Hagen, 392 N.W.2d 520, 541-42 (Minn. 1986) (citing Hensley v. 

Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434, 103 S. Ct. 1933, 1940 (1983)). This is consistent with the 

district court’s approach here. The district court did not abuse its discretion in 
7

considering the Paulson factors in its award of attorney fees and using those factors to 

adjust the attorney-fee award upward. 

II.

Next, we turn to the issue of whether the district court clearly erred in determining 

the reasonable amount of attorney fees. Minnesota caselaw is clear that a determination 

regarding the reasonable value of legal services is a “question of fact to be determined by 

the evidence submitted, the facts disclosed by the record of the proceedings, and the 

court’s own knowledge of the case.” Paulson, 290 Minn. at 373, 188 N.W.2d at 426. 

The district court began its inquiry by performing a lodestar analysis. The district 

court reviewed the hourly breakdown for the work performed and concluded that the 

hourly rates for staff and attorney work were reasonable. The district court then reviewed 

the Paulson factors and made several specific factual findings. In determining a 

reasonable amount of attorney fees, the district court found that respondents’ attorney had 

“extensive experience and ability,” that the “nature and difficulty of the responsibility

assumed . . . was not insubstantial,” and that the result obtained was “considerably large.” 

The district court also recognized that respondents entered into a contingency-fee 

arrangement with their counsel, which is “standard within the eminent domain bar.” 

Based upon the Paulson factors, the district court awarded respondent one-third of the 

difference between the last written offer and the settlement.1 

 

1

The state argued that it offered respondents, who at that time were representing 

themselves, $300,000 during settlement negotiations in September 2010 and respondents’ 

attorney only managed to secure an additional $125,000 for his clients. Because this 

offer was not reduced to writing and the statute directs us to consider “the last written 
8

The state contends that the district court misapplied the Paulson factors by 

weighing certain factors more heavily than others and by not providing enough written 

detail on each factor. Contrary to the state’s assertion, however, the district court plainly 

stated that its determination regarding attorney fees took into consideration “all of the 

applicable circumstances and factors.” The district court, being most familiar with the 

pertinent aspects of respondents’ case, “is in the best position to evaluate the 

reasonableness of requested attorney fees.” Anderson v. Hunter, Keith, Marshall & Co., 

Inc., 417 N.W.2d 619, 629 (Minn. 1988). The district court acted within its discretion in 

calculating the attorney-fee award. Considering the factual record as a whole, the district 

court’s findings are supported by reasonable evidence and are not clearly erroneous. 

Affirmed.

 

offer of compensation,” Minn. Stat. § 117.031, we are not persuaded by the state’s 

argument that we must consider the $300,000 offer which was not reduced to writing.