1133.3 – 1 (Adopted July 8, 2011)

RULE 1133.3 EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM GREENWASTE

COMPOSTING OPERATIONS

(a) Purpose The purpose of this rule is to reduce fugitive emis sions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and ammonia occurring during greenw aste composting operations.

(b) Applicability This rule applies to the operator of all new and ex isting greenwaste composting operations that produce active or finished compost from greenwaste by itself or greenwaste in combination with manure or foodwaste, unless otherwise exempted under subdivision (g) of this rule.

(c) Definitions For the purposes of this rule, the following defini tions shall apply: (1) ACTIVE COMPOST means material that is in the proces s of being rapidly decomposed and is biologically unstable. A ctive compost is generating temperatures of at least 122 degrees Fah renheit during decomposition. Active compost includes, but is notlimited to, pathogenreduced mulch. (2) ACTIVE PHASE means the phase of the greenwaste comp osting process that begins when organic waste materials are mixed together for composting and lasts a minimum of 22 days under con trolled conditions or until the compost has a Solvita Maturity Index of f ive or greater measured pursuant to subparagraph (e)(4)(A). (3) BACKYARD COMPOSTING means composting conducted by a household including, but not limited to, single fam ily residences, condominiums, duplexes, or apartment buildings. (4) BASELINE EMISSION FACTORS mean the uncontrolled emi ssion factors for greenwaste composting operations for VO C and ammonia. (5) COMMUNITY COMPOSTING means composting conducted by a residential neighborhood association using feedstoc k generated within the residential neighborhood to produce compost for the neighborhood’s use.Rule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 2 (6) COMPOSTING means a process in which solid organic w aste materials are decomposed in the presence of oxygen through th e action of bacteria and other microorganisms. (7) COMPOST OVERS mean the oversized woody materials th at do not decompose in a typical composting cycle and are scr eened out of finished product at the end of composting. Compost overs ha ve been through the pathogen reduction process outlined in Title 14, Se ction 17868.3 of the California Code of Regulations. (8) CURING PHASE means the phase of the greenwaste comp osting process that begins immediately after the end of the active phase of composting and lasts a minimum of 40 days or until the compost has a Solvita Maturity Index of seven or the product respiration rate is below ten milligrams of oxygen consumed per gram of volatile solids per day as measured by direct respirometry, pursuant to subpar agraph (e)(4)(B). (9) EXISTING GREENWASTE COMPOSTING OPERATIONS mean all greenwaste composting operations that have begun op erations on or before July 8, 2011. (10) FINISHED COMPOST means a humus-like material and/or compost overs that result from the controlled biological de composition of organic waste materials and is biologically stable. Both t he active and curing phases of the greenwaste composting are required to achieve this product. (11) FOODWASTE means any pre- or post-consumer food scra ps collected from the food service industry, grocery stores, or residential food scrap collection. Foodwaste also includes food scraps t hat are chipped and ground. (12) GREENWASTE means any organic waste material generat ed from gardening, agriculture, or landscaping activities i ncluding, but not limited to, grass clippings, leaves, tree and shrub trimmin gs, and plant remains. (13) GREENWASTE COMPOSTING means composting of greenwast e by itself or a mixture with foodwaste, or with up to 2 0 percent manure, per pile volume basis. (14) NEW GREENWASTE COMPOSTING OPERATIONS mean greenwast e composting operations that have not started operati ons as of July 8, 2011. (15) NURSERY COMPOSTING means composting conducted at a nursery to produce compost for on-site use.Rule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 3 (16) ORGANIC WASTE means any organic waste material that includes foodwaste, greenwaste, woodwaste, or manure, or a m ixture thereof. (17) OPERATOR means any person that operates a greenwast e composting operation. (18) PILE means compostable material that is heaped toge ther. (19) RECREATIONAL FACILITY COMPOSTING means composting conducted at parks, arboretums and other recreation al facilities using feedstock generated on-site to produce compost for on-site use. (20) SOLVITA MATURITY INDEX means an index that defines the stage where compost exhibits resistance to further decomp osition, as tested by the Solvita Maturity Test ®

. (21) START-UP means the first day of active greenwaste c omposting operations at the facility. (22) THROUGHPUT means the mass of manure, foodwaste, or greenwaste in tons per year as received by the facility and proce ssed through composting, excluding recycled materials. (23) TMECC means Test Methods for the Examination of Com posting and Compost published by the US Composting Council Rese arch and

Education Foundation. (24) WOODWASTE means lumber, and the woody material port ion of mixed

demolition and construction wastes. Woodwaste also includes large wood materials of curbside greenwaste or mixed greenwast e that is screened or unscreened, such as tree trimmings, branches, tree trunks, stumps, and limbs exceeding two inches in any dimension.

(d) Requirements (1) Effective July 8, 2011, the operator of greenwa ste composting operations shall comply with the following requirements: (A) Chip or grind, as necessary, and use greenwaste for on-site composting as allowed by the Local Enforcement Agen cy. (B) Use foodwaste for on-site composting within 48 hours of receipt or

cover foodwaste with screened or unscreened finishe d compost until used, unless otherwise required by the Local Enforcement Agency. (2) Effective upon start-up for new greenwaste comp osting operations and effective November 8, 2011 for existing greenwaste compostingRule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 4 operations, the operator of greenwaste composting o perations processing greenwaste only or up to 20 percent manure, by volu me, or up to 5,000 tons per year of foodwaste throughput shall comply with the following requirements: (A) Cover each active phase pile with screened or u nscreened finished compost within twenty-four hours of initial pile fo rmation such that the top is at least six inches thick and the p ile shall not be turned for the first seven days of the active phase of composting, unless subparagraph (d)(2)(D) applies. (B) For the first fifteen days after initial pile f ormation for the active phase period of composting, within six hours before turning, apply water as necessary to the surface area of each acti ve phase pile such that the top one half of the pile is wet at a depth of at least three inches. Alternatively, the operator may appl y water during turning using a windrow turner which is equipped wi th water spraying technology during the entire windrow turni ng process. (i) For the purpose of this subparagraph, “wet” sha ll be determined by means of a squeeze ball test or an al ternative approved by the Executive Officer, California Air Resources Board, and the United States Environmenta l Protection Agency. The ball test shall be conducte d by taking a sample of the compostable material from th e top half of the pile, at least three inches below the o uter surface. The material should be squeezed into a ba ll using hand pressure and wearing a protective glove. Ther e should be at least enough water to form a ball when compressed, but the ball may break when tapped. If the ball crumbles upon release of the hand pressure, ap ply additional water to the windrow prior to turning un til the material passes the ball test. (C) If a rain event occurs prior to watering the pi le within six hours before turning and the pile is wet to a depth of th ree inches, the operator may turn the pile without adding additiona l water. If the top half of the pile is dry to the three inch depth , apply additional water to the pile pursuant to subparagraph (d)(2)(B ).Rule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 5 (D) If the pile needs to be turned within the first seven days for managing temperature or pathogen reduction pursuant to Title 14 Division 7, Chapter 3.1, Section 17868.3 of the Cal ifornia Code of Regulations, the operator does not need to re-apply the screened or unscreened finished compost cover and shall apply w ater pursuant to subparagraph (d)(2)(B) for the first fifteen day s of the active phase. (E) The operator may implement an alternate mitigat ion measure that will be based on a test protocol approved by the Ex ecutive Officer, California Air Resources Board, and the United Stat es Environmental Protection Agency and that demonstrat es emission reductions by at least 40 percent, by weight, for V OC and emission reductions by at least 20 percent, by weight, for a mmonia for combined screened or unscreened finished compost co ver and water application. (3) Effective July 8, 2011, the operator of greenwa ste composting operations processing greater than 5,000 tons per year of food waste throughput shall comply with the following requirements, for the pur pose of regulatory compliance: (A) Any active phase of composting containing more than 10 percent foodwaste, by weight, shall be conducted using an e mission control device designed and operated with an overal l system control efficiency of at least 80 percent, by weigh t, each for VOC

and ammonia emissions. (B) The operator may implement a control alternativ e if the alternative is approved by the Executive Officer, California Ai r Resources Board, and the United States Environmental Protecti on Agency, to achieve VOC and ammonia reductions that are greater than or equal to the reductions required pursuant to subpar agraph (d)(3)(A). (C) For new greenwaste composting operations that i ntend to compost greater than 5,000 tons per year of foodwaste throu ghput, a permit shall be obtained for an emission control device, a s specified in subparagraph (d)(3)(A) or (d)(3)(B), prior to const ruction. The annual throughput calculation may exclude any n on-putrescible materials, including, but not limited to paper, woo dy, other low-water,Rule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 6 high cellulose materials, and non-compostable conta minants and green waste that are separated either before or after com posting and shipped offsite for disposal provided they are quantified and appropriate records are

maintained for. (4) No later than October 10, 2011, for existing gr eenwaste composting operations that, as of July 8, 2011, process or pla n to process greater than 5,000 tons per year of foodwaste throughput, the op erator shall file a permit application for an emission control device a nd fully implement the emission control device in accordance with subparag raphs (d)(3)(A) or (d)(3)(B) within six months upon approval of the pe rmit application. (5) The overall control efficiency required in subp aragraph (d)(3)(A) shall be demonstrated by a source test within three months a fter implementation of the emission control device, or within nine months of permit approval, whichever occurs sooner, and every three years ther eafter. For the purpose of this rule, the baseline emission factors to be used shall be 4.25 pounds of VOC per ton of throughput and 0.46 pounds of ammonia per ton of throughput for the active phase of compostin g only. The Executive Officer may approve the use of alternate baseline e mission factors, if the operator demonstrates through the approved source t est that alternate baseline emission factors are representative of unc ontrolled operations for that facility (6) All emission control devices shall be installed , operated, and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s operation and ma intenance manual or other similar written materials supplied by the man ufacturer or distributor of such equipment to ensure that the system remains in proper operating

conditions. Such documentation shall be made avail able to the Executive Officer upon request. (7) All records, including application of screened or unscreened finished compost and water, operation and maintenance of an emission control device, and source tests, shall be kept and maintai ned at the facility pursuant to subdivision (f).

(e) Test Methods and Protocol (1) For a greenwaste composting operation subject t o paragraphs (d)(3) through (d)(5), the operator shall conduct all requ ired source and laboratory tests in accordance with an Executive Of ficer approved testRule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 7 protocol developed in accordance with the guideline s provided in

Attachment A of this rule. (2) For a greenwaste composting operation subject t o paragraphs (d)(3) through (d)(5), the operator shall use a District a pproved laboratory in

accordance with the Attachment A of this rule. (3) The following methods shall be used to determin e compliance with this

rule: (A) SCAQMD Method 207.1 – Determination of Ammonia Emissions from Stationary Sources. (B) SCAQMD Method 25.3 – Determination of Low Conce ntration Non-Methane Non-Ethane Organic Compound Emissions f rom Clean Fueled Combustion Sources. (C) SCAQMD Method 1.1 – Sample and Velocity Travers es for Stationary Sources. (D) SCAQMD Method 1.2 – Sample and Velocity Travers es for Stationary Sources with Small Stacks and Ducts. (E) SCAQMD Method 2.1 – Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and Volumetric Flow Rate (S-Type Pitot Tube). (F) SCAQMD Method 2.2 – Direct Measurement of Gas V olume through Pipes and Small Ducts. (G) SCAQMD Method 2.3 – Determination of Gas Veloci ty and

Volumetric Flow Rate from Small Stacks or Ducts. (H) SCAQMD Method 4.1 – Determination of Moisture C ontent in

Stack Gases. (4) Triplicate samples shall be taken for the follo wing test methods: (A) TMECC 05.08-E – Solvita Maturity Index (April 7 , 2002). (B) TMECC 05.08-A – Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (Ap ril 7, 2002).

(f) Recordkeeping Records shall be kept in a format approved by the E xecutive Officer. All operational records and information recorded pursua nt to the provisions of this rule shall be maintained for the prior five years o f operation, with the most recent two years retained at the facility, which shall be immediately available upon request by the Executive Officer. The remaining th ree years of records shall be

made available to the Executive Officer within one week of request.Rule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 8 (g) Exemptions (1) Composting facilities subject to Rule 1133.2 – Emission Reductions from Co-Composting Operations, are exempt from the provi sions of this rule. (2) If the operator of any greenwaste composting op eration installs an emission control device, in accordance with paragra phs (d)(3) through (d)(6), the provisions of paragraph (d)(2) do not a pply. (3) The following types of facilities and operation s are exempt from the requirements of this rule, provided that the operat ion is not subject to the Local Enforcement Agency Notification or Permit reg ulations pursuant to Title 14 Division 7, Chapter 3.1, Section 17857.1 o f the California Code of Regulations: (A) Community composting; (B) Nursery composting; (C) Backyard composting; and (D) Recreational facility composting.Rule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 9 ATTACHMENT A

GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCE TEST

PROTOCOLS FOR VOC AND AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM

GREENWASTE COMPOSTING OPERATIONS

Source test protocols are to consist of testing pla ns to measure VOC and ammonia emissions due to the composting process. When used for determining the control device efficiency requirement specified for new and existi ng facilities, the measurements shall consist of lb/hr measurements at the inlet and exha ust of the control device and are subject to the applicable requirements that follow. When used for determining the overall emission reduction requirements as compared to the baseline emissions factors, emissions are to be reported as % reductions for the active p hase composting in terms of pounds of emissions per ton of throughput (total raw material as received) and are subject to the applicable requirements that follow. The following are general requirements for all testing as well as specific requirements for the ru le sections for each facility-specific protocol which must be prepared by the source test contractor and approved by the SCAQMD prior to testing.

1. Alternative Test Methods

The reference test methods for ammonia, VOC, and fl ow rate cited in this guideline shall be used to determine compliance wit h this rule. Alternative test methods may be used if they are determined to be eq uivalent and approved in writing by the Executive Officer, the California Ai r Resources Board, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. For the sour ce test protocols, as defined as the manner in which the reference test methods a re employed to obtain a measurement of the emissions, alternatives to the p rocedures cited in this guidelines may be used if they are determined to be equivalent and approved in writing by the Executive Officer.

2. LAP Requirements

The sampling, analysis, and reporting shall be cond ucted by a laboratory/source test firm that has been approved under the SCAQMD L aboratory Approval Program (LAP) for the cited SCAQMD reference test m ethods, where LAP approval is available. For SCAQMD reference test m ethods for which no LAP program is available, the LAP approval requirement shall become effective one year after the date that the LAP program becomes av ailable for that SCAQMD reference test method.

3. Operating Conditions

The testing must be conducted under representative operating conditions with respect to seasonal conditions, compost composition , process throughput,Rule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 10 processing of the materials, and pile geometries. The following operating parameters shall be recorded during testing and rep orted with the test results:

a) A thorough description of the composting process an d process diagram of each processing area and including residence times in each of the composting

process areas. b) Process throughput as determined by facility’s bill ing scales or other calibrated measuring device that represents the ton s of the material as received that is present at the facility during the time of the testing. When using the District Baseline Emission Factors, the process thr oughput is to include all of the raw organic materials that are composted exclud ing material that is recycled from previous similar processing. Several throughputs may be necessary if applicable to the different processing areas or pile ages. c) Compost composition (percent and type of materials i.e. manure, greenwaste, foodwaste, etc...). d) Age of all piles that were tested and all piles pre sent at the facility during testing. e) Detailed dimensions of all piles or the biofilter s o that a surface area for each pile type can be calculated. f) A description of the biofilter system, including a process diagram and type of biofilter media. g) Age of the biofilter media. h) A thorough description of the humidification and mo isture maintenance system for the biofilter. i) Identification of peripheral monitoring equipment, such as moisture or temperature sensors, and data from them during test ing.

4. Ammonia Sampling

SCAQMD Method 207.1 shall be used to obtain the amm onia samples from each source of emissions to be tested. When sampling fr om a flux chamber, a sample line of minimal length should be connected to a mid get sampling train consisting of; two midget impingers each filled with 15 ml of 0.1N Sulfuric Acid, an empty bubbler, and a bubbler filled with tared silica gel . The samples shall be analyzed for ammonium content as ammonia by ion chromatograp hy or ion selective electrode.

5. VOC Sampling

Duplicate integrated gas samples shall be taken fro m each source of emissions to be tested using SCAQMD Method 25.3. The Method 25. 3 apparatus should be connected to sample directly inside the flux chambe r or duct as applicable. Compost emissions are considered as water soluble s ources where the 50 ppm applicability limit of Method 25.3 does not apply.Rule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 11 6. Specific Requirements for Testing Greenwaste Compos ting Operations Control Equipment Performance

For surface types of emissions, such as with open f aced biofilter exhausts, the exhaust emission rate shall be determined as in the following Section (8).

For a control device inlet or exhaust that is vente d through a testable duct, the gas velocity within the duct shall be measured accordin g to SCAQMD Methods 1.1, 2.1, and 3.1. The flow rate shall also be corrected to dry standard conditions using the moisture content as determined by SCAQMD Method 4.1. This flow rate may then be used to determine mass emission rates.

The overall destruction efficiency is calculated as follows:

ODE = 100 x (1 – (E / I)) (Equation 1)

Where:

ODE = Overall Destruction Efficiency (%) E = Total Exhaust Emission Rate (lb/hr) I = Total Inlet Emission Rate to Control Device ( lb/hr)

7. Specific Requirements for Existing Greenwaste Compo sting Operations and New Greenwaste Composting Operations (Overall Emissions Reduction)

A proposed measurement from the active greenwaste c omposting process, including but not limited to surface emissions of a ll piles where the materials are composted, and outlets (vents or surfaces) of contr ol devices must be included in the protocol. If the emissions are vented to atmos phere from a vent stack such as from an otherwise uncontrolled aerated static pile or other vent to atmosphere, then the stack concentration, determined using meth ods specified in Sections (4) and (5) and flow rate measurements as specified in the previous Section (6) are required. From all surface types of emissions such as from compost piles and biofilter surfaces, the procedure for measuring sur face emissions as in Section (8) is required. A measurement for fugitive emissions from aerated static pile surfaces must also be included.

Each type of pile must be tested. If the facility includes several identical piles, then only the largest pile need be tested. If the facility has more than three different age piles that are otherwise identical in processing and composition, then at a minimum three ages can be tested including new er, older, and middle aged piles. In any case, the surface area of all piles at the facility must be included in the determination of pile dimensions as recorded in Section (3).

If the facility elects to use an alternative to the District’s baseline emissions factors, then a separate test must be conducted to establish this baseline on theRule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 12 uncontrolled composting operation (e.g., windrow me thod) with the same compost mix. Following the source test to determin e an alternative baseline, facilities would have the option to use the Distric t’s baseline emissions factors or the alternative baseline emissions factors.

Reduction of emissions shall be calculated as follo ws:

% Reduction = 100 x (1-TE/B) (Equation 2)

Where:

TE = Total Active and Curing Phase Emissions (lb/to n throughput) B = District Baseline Emissions or Alternative Bas eline Emissions if

Tested (lb/ton throughput)

8. Procedure for Measuring Surface Emissions

The procedure for measuring surface emissions such as the compost pile and biofilter surfaces that cannot be tested by convent ional methods through a stack or duct, is a modified form of the procedures found in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Measurement of Gaseous Emission Rates from Land Surfaces Using an Emission Isolation Flux Chamber U ser’s Guide (EPA Guide). The modification to the procedures in the EPA Guide is specified in the following requirements.

The flux chamber encompasses a fixed surface area o f 1.4 ft 2 and contains a sweep air system to obtain a homogeneous air sample by employing a mixing fan and sweep gas (10% He in air at 5 liters/min recomm ended). The sweep gas must contain a non reactive and non-present tracer such as the aforementioned 10% helium so that a correction for the contribution of the surface flow rate can be calculated.

A minimum of ten (10) sample locations or a suffici ent number at each pile/surface tested must be obtained in order to ac hieve a representative sample of the surface emissions. These locations can be comp osited for each pile/surface to reduce testing costs. For example, for one hour sam pling, ten (10) random positions on the pile should be tested for 6 minute s each. Alternatively, a lesser number of sample locations may be sampled provided that an evaluation of spatial variation demonstrates that the number of sample lo cations is sufficient.

The emissions must be reported in units of lb/hr-ft 2 , lb/hr and lb/ton of throughput. The following calculations shall apply to the test results:

Surface Flow Correction Factor = C t / C s (Equation 3)

Where:Rule 1133.3 (Cont.) (Adopted July 8, 2011)

1133.3 – 13 C t = Concentration of Tracer in Sweep Gas C s = Concentration of Sweep Gas in Flux Chamber Sampl e

Corrected Flux Chamber Results (lb/hr-ft 2 ) = UFC x SFCF (Equation 4)

Where:

UFC = Uncorrected Flux Chamber Results (lb/hr-ft 2 ) SFCF = Surface Flow Correction Factor

lb/hr = lb/hr-ft 2 x Total Compost Surface Area in Category (Equation 5)

lb/ton throughput = lb/hr x (24 hr/day) /PT (Equa tion 6)

Where:

PT = Process Throughput (total ton/day as received)

Total Emissions (lb/ton throughput) = ∑ P (Equation 7)

Where:

P = Active and curing sources of the Facility Compo st Emissions (lb/ton

throughput)

For a facility where not every age of pile was test ed, the surface areas from each pile in the facility must be included and sorted in to appropriate age and emissions categories from those that were measured.