I 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 8936 

To provide protection, support, and humanitarian assistance to Rohingya 

refugees and internally displaced people as well as promote accountability 

and a path out of genocide and crimes against humanity for Rohingya. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JULY 5, 2024 

Mr. MEEKS introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 

on Foreign Affairs 

A BILL 

To provide protection, support, and humanitarian assistance 

to Rohingya refugees and internally displaced people as 

well as promote accountability and a path out of genocide 

and crimes against humanity for Rohingya. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Rohingya Genocide 

5 Accountability and Protection Act’’ or ‘‘Rohingya GAP 

6 Act’’. 

7 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

8 Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) In its report dated September 17, 2018, the 

2 United Nations Independent International Fact3 Finding Mission on Myanmar (FFM) found that im4 punity was a ‘‘root cause of continued human rights 

5 violations in Myanmar’’ that ‘‘has significantly and 

6 demonstrably contributed to the validation of deeply 

7 oppressive and discriminatory conduct, enabled re8 currence of human rights violations and atrocity 

9 crimes, and emboldened perpetrators and silenced 

10 victims,’’ and concluded that ‘‘ensuring account11 ability for crimes’’ was ‘‘the key to disrupting pat12 terns of oppression and cycles of violence’’ as well as 

13 a legal obligation for Burma. 

14 (2) On December 13, 2018, the U.S. House of 

15 Representatives passed H. Res. 1091, by an over16 whelming majority of 394 to 1, expressing the sense 

17 of the House of Representatives that atrocities com18 mitted against Rohingya by members of the Burma 

19 military and security forces since August 2017 con20 stitute crimes against humanity and genocide. 

21 (3) On September 16, 2019, the FFM reported 

22 that it ‘‘has reasonable grounds to conclude that the 

23 evidence that infers genocidal intent on the part of 

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1 ened that there is a serious risk that genocidal ac2 tions may occur or recur’’. 

3 (4) On February 1, 2021, the Burma military 

4 conducted a coup d’e ́tat, derailing Burma’s transi5 tion to democracy and disregarding the will of the 

6 people of Burma. 

7 (5) Since the February 2021 military coup, the 

8 Burma military and certain local armed groups have 

9 continued to commit crimes and abuses against 

10 Rohingya. In Rakhine State, over 600,000 

11 Rohingya, including at least 130,000 confined in in12 ternally displaced persons (IDP) camps face height13 ened risks. The military continues to target 

14 Rohingya with laws and policies that criminalize the 

15 exercise of human rights, as well as with arbitrary 

16 arrest and detention, torture, sexual violence, and 

17 murder. 

18 (6) On March 21, 2022, Secretary of State 

19 Antony Blinken announced the Secretary had deter20 mined that ‘‘members of the Burmese military com21 mitted genocide and crimes against humanity 

22 against Rohingya’’. 

23 (7) The United States is the leading contributor 

24 of humanitarian assistance in response to the 

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1 ernment has provided nearly $2.4 billion in response 

2 to the Rohingya crisis, including $1.9 billion to as3 sist Rohingya refugees and host communities in 

4 Bangladesh. The United Kingdom and Japan, the 

5 other leading contributors of humanitarian assist6 ance to the Rohingya crisis, have provided nearly 

7 $479 million and $220 million respectively to sup8 port Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. 

9 (8) The United Nations High Commissioner for 

10 Human Rights said in a June 2023 report that the 

11 Burma military’s restrictions on aid access by local 

12 and international organizations seeking to respond 

13 to Cyclone Mocha in Rakhine State in May 2023 

14 may amount to gross violations of international 

15 human rights law, and serious violations of inter16 national humanitarian law. 

17 (9) According to the World Food Program, 

18 since it was forced to cut food rations in March and 

19 May 2023, food insecurity has increased for 

20 Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, ‘‘with a stag21 gering 90 per cent of the population lacking access 

22 to an adequate diet and over 15 percent of young 

23 children suffering from malnutrition’’. The World 

24 Food Program estimates that it needs another $38 


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1 million in funding to fully restore a ration to meet 

2 the basic minimum nutritional needs of refugees. 

3 (10) Funding cuts and rising commodity prices 

4 have exacerbated protection concerns for Rohingya 

5 refugees in Bangladesh, especially with respect to 

6 gender-based violence and child protection, wors7 ening health outcomes and fueling unsafe and irreg8 ular migration throughout the surrounding region. 

9 (11) Combined with rising food insecurity, 

10 Rohingya are increasingly unsafe in Bangladesh as 

11 a result of growing competition between armed and 

12 criminal groups in the refugee camps. These factors 

13 have driven thousands of Rohingya to flee to mari14 time Southeast Asia by boat only to face obstacles 

15 from regional navies and growing resentment from 

16 local populations. 

17 (12) The long, systemic denial of the exercise of 

18 certain rights, including education, freedoms of ex19 pression, movement, and rights related to nationality 

20 have had enduring effects on many Rohingya per21 sons’ mental and physical well-being and perpetuate 

22 the risk of future genocidal violence until these root 

23 causes are addressed. 

24 SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

25 It is the policy of the United States— 


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1 (1) to uphold Article I of the Convention on the 

2 Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Geno3 cide, to which the United States is a party, to pre4 vent the crime of genocide and punish its perpetra5 tors; 

6 (2) to prevent and end atrocities committed 

7 against Rohingya by addressing the root causes of 

8 the genocide committed against them, holding the 

9 perpetrators of these crimes accountable, supporting 

10 solutions to respect the human rights and uphold the 

11 dignity of Rohingya, and to ensure Rohingya in12 volvement and representation in decision making and 

13 implementation processes to address these needs; 

14 (3) to support the empowerment of Rohingya 

15 civilian leadership in diaspora communities, refugee 

16 camps in Bangladesh, and inside Burma through 

17 consultation and collaboration with Rohingya com18 munity representatives; 

19 (4) to provide holistic support to the Rohingya 

20 community to overcome decades of systematic perse21 cution and discrimination and to best support the 

22 desires of all communities in Burma to achieve last23 ing peace and an inclusive, Federal democracy in24 cluding through credible transitional justice proc25 esses; 


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1 (5) to collaborate with other countries to pursue 

2 and implement coordinated, comprehensive, and sus3 tained measures for upholding the dignity and pro4 tecting the human rights of Rohingya; and 

5 (6) to engage in a coordinated manner with the 

6 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 

7 other relevant United Nations agencies, govern8 ments, and intergovernmental entities to establish 

9 protocols and respond to protection concerns and to 

10 prevent and protect Rohingya from further atroc11 ities. 

12 SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

13 It is the sense of Congress that— 

14 (1) the United States has a moral and legal re15 sponsibility to prevent and punish genocide, includ16 ing against Rohingya; 

17 (2) the Secretary of State’s determination of 

18 genocide and crimes against humanity against 

19 Rohingya by members of the Burma military in 

20 March 2022 was historic and should serve as a clar21 ion call to support Rohingya to overcome decades of 

22 systemic persecution, marginalization, and violence; 

23 (3) the Rohingya crisis and the broader Burma 

24 crisis must be addressed simultaneously, not in se25 quence; and 


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1 (4) the United States should encourage other 

2 countries to contribute additional assistance and fol3 low United States leadership in protecting Rohingya 

4 through humanitarian assistance, political and eco5 nomic empowerment, accountability for genocide, 

6 crimes against humanity, and any other inter7 national crimes committed by the Burma military 

8 and other armed groups in Burma, and supporting 

9 the voluntary resettlement or eventual safe repatri10 ation of Rohingya refugees to Burma when condi11 tions allow. 

12 SEC. 5. UNITED STATES SPECIAL COORDINATOR FOR 

13 ROHINGYA ATROCITIES PREVENTION AND 

14 RESPONSE. 

15 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to 

16 designate an official of the Department of State at the 

17 Under Secretary level to serve as the United States Spe18 cial Coordinator for Rohingya Atrocities Prevention and 

19 Response for a two-year period that may be renewed by 

20 the President. The official so appointed may continue to 

21 serve in the official’s capacity at the Under Secretary level. 

22 (b) DUTIES.—The Special Coordinator shall assist 

23 in— 

24 (1) coordinating the policies of the United 

25 States regarding Rohingya with relevant bureaus 


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1 and offices within the Department of State and 

2 other relevant United States Government agencies; 

3 and 

4 (2) diplomatically engaging with foreign govern5 ments and international organizations to advance 

6 international coordination and cooperation to sup7 port Rohingya. 

8 SEC. 6. SUPPORT FOR PROTECTION EFFORTS AND DURA9 BLE SOLUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 

10 ROHINGYA. 

11 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State and the 

12 Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter13 national Development should, in consultation with the 

14 Special Coordinator (if so designated), support efforts to 

15 protect Rohingya and prevent further atrocities against 

16 Rohingya. 

17 (b) PROTECTION EFFORTS.—In carrying out sub18 section (a), the Secretary and Administrator should seek 

19 to engage in crisis response efforts and efforts to maximize 

20 the safety, security, and well-being of Rohingya in Burma 

21 and throughout South Asia and Southeast Asia, by— 

22 (1) supporting Rohingya refugees’ access to 

23 international protection as well as international asy24 lum and refugee mechanisms, and preventing indefi25 nite detention and non-refoulement; 


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1 (2) ensuring Rohingya facing ongoing abuse, in2 cluding human trafficking and gender-based vio3 lence, have access to a range of legal support serv4 ices, including protection case management and legal 

5 and health support; 

6 (3) supporting a monitoring mechanism, rapid 

7 response team, legal assistance, and communication 

8 mechanisms to overcome military-imposed internet 

9 and telecommunication restrictions for Rohingya liv10 ing in Burma; 

11 (4) working with governments in the region to 

12 strengthen regional mechanisms and overall coordi13 nation on lifesaving search and rescue, safe disem14 barkation, effective receiving and comprehensive as15 sistance for Rohingya refugees; 

16 (5) supporting host communities to facilitate a 

17 safer, more supportive, and welcoming environment 

18 for Rohingya refugees through the provision of tech19 nical assistance and cooperation with local organiza20 tions and governments; 

21 (6) engaging the Government of Bangladesh to 

22 establish the necessary mechanisms for Rohingya 

23 refugees to file protection claims, and seek account24 ability by— 


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1 (A) improving Rohingya refugees’ ability to 

2 access justice within Bangladesh through legal 

3 aid, simplifying the process for filing cases, fa4 cilitating the access of lawyers involved in inter5 national legal proceedings involving Rohingya, 

6 and enabling Rohingya to travel abroad to par7 ticipate in legal proceedings in other courts; 

8 (B) supporting enhanced coordination 

9 among Bangladesh security forces on investiga10 tions and accountability; 

11 (C) supporting training for Bangladesh’s 

12 Armed Police Battalion (APBn) and any other 

13 units providing security for Rohingya refugee 

14 camps on humanitarian protection principles 

15 and community safety; and 

16 (D) encouraging the Government of Ban17 gladesh and other host governments to allow 

18 safe houses for Rohingya human rights defend19 ers, as well as defectors, insider witnesses to 

20 atrocities against Rohingya and other refugees 

21 facing imminent threats; 

22 (c) PROMOTING DURABLE SOLUTIONS.—In carrying 

23 out subsection (a), the Secretary and Administrator 

24 should seek to promote durable solutions with respect to 

25 Rohingya by— 


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1 (1) supporting the inclusion of Rohingya across 

2 various sectors in Burma and facilitating training 

3 and capacity building on atrocity prevention for the 

4 National Unity Government (NUG), the National 

5 Unity Consultative Council (NUCC), the Committee 

6 Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH), ethnic 

7 armed organizations, and other political stake8 holders; 

9 (2) in consultation with Rohingya community 

10 representatives, including women and civil society 

11 leaders, collaborating with and supporting key non12 military stakeholders to take preparatory steps for— 

13 (A) ensuring the safe and voluntary return 

14 of Rohingya, which should include those individ15 uals displaced in the 1990s or born as inter16 nally displaced persons or refugees to their 

17 places of origin in Burma; 

18 (B) restoring and protecting Rohingyas’ 

19 rights and providing them full and equal citi20 zenship; 

21 (C) recognizing Rohingya as an official 

22 ethnic group in Burma, and securing equal so23 cial and political power-sharing under a Federal 

24 democratic constitution; 


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1 (D) promoting convenings and engagement 

2 among Rohingya, non-state actors, civil society 

3 groups, and other key stakeholders in Rakhine 

4 State to promote trust-building and reconcili5 ation; 

6 (E) including Rohingya across administra7 tion and governance mechanisms of Burma, in8 cluding Rakhine State; and 

9 (F) developing a comprehensive transi10 tional justice strategy; 

11 (3) working with United States allies and part12 ners to broaden resettlement programs and sup13 porting the voluntary resettlement of the most vul14 nerable individuals within Rohingya populations, as 

15 well as defectors, deserters, and insider witnesses 

16 participating in justice processes; and 

17 (4) supporting repatriation of Rohingya refu18 gees only when conditions are conducive for a safe, 

19 voluntary, and sustainable return with full rights re20 stored. 

21 SEC. 7. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT FOR 

22 ROHINGYA REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY DIS23 PLACED PERSONS. 

24 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State and the 

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1 national Development, in consultation with the Special Co2 ordinator (if so designated) and other relevant United 

3 States Government agencies, should continue to provide 

4 assistance to Rohingya refugees, internally displaced per5 sons, and host communities receiving such refugees and 

6 persons. 

7 (b) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.—Assistance provided 

8 under subsection (a) shall include the following: 

9 (1) Protection programming, including interven10 tions focused on Rohingya civil society leaders, 

11 human rights defenders, and others threatened by 

12 armed groups. 

13 (2) Support— 

14 (A) to Rohingya civil society and commu15 nity-based organizations so they can represent 

16 themselves. 

17 (B) and diplomatic engagement to encour18 age the Government of Bangladesh to allow the 

19 operation of Rohingya-led civil society and com20 munity-based organizations in the refugee 

21 camps in Bangladesh. 

22 (3) Programs to prevent and respond to gender23 based violence, trafficking, forced marriage, as well 

24 as specialized training programs for vulnerable 

25 groups. 


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1 (4) Support for education, including higher edu2 cation, for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. 

3 (5) Support for displaced Rohingya to access 

4 livelihoods through vocational training and volunteer 

5 programs organized by international organizations 

6 and nongovernmental organizations. 

7 (6) Support for meeting basic needs, including 

8 food, nutrition, healthcare, protection, shelter, water, 

9 sanitation, and hygiene support; 

10 (7) Support to Rohingya in Burma, refugee 

11 camps in Bangladesh, and the diaspora to preserve 

12 Rohingya culture, history, and memory. 

13 SEC. 8. PROMOTING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR GENOCIDE AND 

14 CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY COMMITTED 

15 AGAINST ROHINGYA IN BURMA. 

16 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State and the 

17 Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter18 national Development, in consultation with the Special Co19 ordinator (if so designated) and other relevant United 

20 States Government agencies, should take the actions de21 scribed in subsection (b) to promote accountability for 

22 genocide and crimes against humanity committed against 

23 Rohingya in Burma. 

24 (b) ACTIONS DESCRIBED.—The actions described in 

25 this subsection are the following: 


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1 (1) Support comprehensive justice and account2 ability for genocide and crimes against humanity 

3 committed against Rohingya, including through con4 sultation with and participation by the Rohingya 

5 community. 

6 (2) Support for the efforts of entities, including 

7 the Independent Investigative Mechanism for 

8 Myanmar, in their work to safely collect and pre9 serve evidence of genocide and crimes against hu10 manity committed against Rohingya, including 

11 through open-source research and by cultivating in12 sider, defector, deserter, and survivor witnesses, and 

13 to develop the chain of evidence, for potential use in 

14 prosecutions in domestic, hybrid, and international 

15 courts. 

16 (3) Provide assistance, particularly financial 

17 and technical assistance, to efforts led by Rohingya 

18 to monitor and document evidence to lead, assist, or 

19 inform other investigative mechanisms and justice 

20 processes. 

21 (4) Encourage development of an intergovern22 mental fund to support reparative justice for 

23 Rohingya victims and survivors and identifying 

24 sources of funding among other States and within 


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1 the United States Government that have already 

2 been appropriated. 

3 (5) Support and monitor an effective remedy 

4 and reparations process for Rohingya, especially by 

5 engaging with Burma’s civilian leadership and any 

6 subsequent democratic leadership in Burma to offi7 cially acknowledge genocide and crimes against hu8 manity committed by members of the Burma mili9 tary, restore Rohingya’s citizenship and equal rights 

10 in Burma, and ensure compensation by the Govern11 ment of Burma and restitution for their land and 

12 property, and by providing support, including tech13 nical and financial assistance, for efforts to memori14 alize genocide and crimes against humanity in 

15 Burma, particularly those efforts led by the affected 

16 communities. 

17 (6) Provide support for institutional reform and 

18 other guarantees of non-recurrence by civilian lead19 ership in Burma, including the security sector, legis20 lature, and education system, and the inclusion and 

21 equal participation of Rohingya in all areas of ad22 ministration and governance, under an eventual 

23 Federal democratic system. 

24 (7) Use convening authority to directly bring 

25 together various ethnic groups and other related 


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1 stakeholders in Burma to promote truth, justice, 

2 non-recurrence, and reconciliation, to support facili3 tation of related efforts by civilian leadership in 

4 Burma, and to provide both technical and financial 

5 support to entities, especially the civil society of 

6 Burma, to implement work aimed at strengthening 

7 rule of law and initiatives aimed at atrocity and 

8 genocide prevention. 

9 SEC. 9. REPORT. 

10 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

11 date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter 

12 for 5 years, the Secretary of State and the Administrator 

13 of the United States Agency for International Develop14 ment shall submit to the appropriate congressional com15 mittees a report that includes— 

16 (1) a description of and an assessment of the 

17 effectiveness of the efforts of the United States Gov18 ernment, during the year prior to the submission of 

19 such report, to— 

20 (A) identify and respond to atrocity risk 

21 factors that concern Rohingya; 

22 (B) deter future atrocities against 

23 Rohingya; 

24 (C) respond to the need for humanitarian 

25 assistance for and protection of Rohingya; 


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1 (D) document the nature of and responsi2 bility for atrocity crimes committed against 

3 Rohingya; and 

4 (E) promote justice and accountability for 

5 atrocity crimes committed against Rohingya; 

6 (2) a detailed description of the actions taken 

7 pursuant to sections 6, 7, and 8; 

8 (3) an assessment of the effect of the actions 

9 described in paragraph (2) on the advancement of 

10 the policies described in section 3; 

11 (4) a list of activities and programs initiated 

12 pursuant to this Act; 

13 (5) the number of Rohingya refugees resettled 

14 in the United States in the year preceding the sub15 mission of such report, segmented by the country 

16 from which such refugees were resettled; 

17 (6) the number of Rohingya refugees resettled 

18 in countries other than the United States in the year 

19 preceding the submission of such report; 

20 (7) a description of any new challenges facing 

21 Rohingya in Burma or in refugee camps in the year 

22 preceding the submission of such report, including 

23 an assessment of early warning indicators and risk 

24 factors for atrocities; and 


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1 (8) a list of recommendations to facilitate the 

2 implementation of this Act and advance the policies 

3 described in section 3, which may include rec4 ommended— 

5 (A) legislative action; 

6 (B) administrative action; and 

7 (C) provision of additional resources. 

8 (b) REPORT FORM.— 

9 (1) CLASSIFICATION.—The report required 

10 under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassi11 fied form and may contain a classified annex. 

12 (2) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.— 

13 Not later than 45 days after the date on which the 

14 appropriate congressional committees received such 

15 report, the unclassified portion of such report shall 

16 be made publicly available on the website of the De17 partment of State. 

18 SEC. 10. SCHOLARSHIPS. 

19 (a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap20 propriations, for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2030, 

21 the Secretary of State should distribute to Rohingya who 

22 do not live in Burma not fewer than 50 scholarships to 

23 attend an institution of higher education in the United 

24 States. 


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1 (b) SCHOLARSHIP DEFINED.—In this section, the 

2 term ‘‘scholarship’’ means financial assistance for— 

3 (1) tuition and fees required to attend an edu4 cational institution, in full or in part; 

5 (2) books, supplies, and equipment required for 

6 a course at an educational institution; 

7 (3) living expenses at an educational institution; 

8 and 

9 (4) travel expenses to, from, and within the 

10 United States for the purpose of attending an insti11 tution of higher education. 

12 SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION TO ENSURE SUFFICIENT RA13 TIONS. 

14 The Administrator of the United States Agency for 

15 International Development and the Secretary of State are 

16 authorized to ensure that Rohingya refugees in refugee 

17 camps in Bangladesh receive a ration sufficient to meet 

18 the humanitarian minimum standards for food and nutri19 tion needs. 

20 SEC. 12. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

21 (a) GENERAL AUTHORIZATIONS.—For each of fiscal 

22 years 2025 through 2030, there are authorized to be ap23 propriated, from amounts made available to carry out the 

24 Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq), 


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1 such sums as may be necessary to carry out sections 6, 

2 7, and 8 of this Act. 

3 (b) SPECIFIC AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIA4 TIONS.—For each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, 

5 there are authorized to be appropriated— 

6 (1) $10,000,000 for the Department of State to 

7 support atrocity crime investigations, documentation, 

8 and casework, transitional justice and accountability 

9 mechanisms, witness protection measures, and tech10 nical support related to Rohingya; and 

11 (2) $8,000,000 for the Conflict Observatory of 

12 the Department of State’s Bureau of Conflict and 

13 Stabilization Operations to establish and support a 

14 Burma-focused conflict observatory program that 

15 captures, analyzes, and makes widely available evi16 dence of the ongoing atrocities in Burma through 

17 the documentation, verification, and dissemination of 

18 open-source evidence regarding the actions of the 

19 Burma military. 

20 SEC. 13. DEFINITIONS. 

21 In this Act: 

22 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT23 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com24 mittees’’ means— 


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1 (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 

2 the House of Representatives; and 

3 (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 

4 the Senate. 

5 (2) SPECIAL COORDINATOR.—The term ‘‘Spe6 cial Coordinator’’ means the United States Special 

7 Coordinator for Rohingya Atrocities Prevention and 

8 Response designated by the President pursuant to 

9 section 5(a). 

10 (3) GENOCIDE.—The term ‘‘genocide’’ means 

11 any offense described in section 1091(a) of title 18, 

12 United States Code. 

13 (4) TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE.—The term ‘‘tran14 sitional justice’’ means the range of judicial, non15 judicial, formal, informal, retributive, and restorative 

16 measures employed by countries transitioning out of 

17 armed conflict or repressive regimes or employed by 

18 the international community through international 

19 justice mechanisms, to redress past or ongoing 

20 atrocities and to promote long-term, sustainable 

21 peace. 

Æ 


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